As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2022
Securities Act File No. 333-261444
Investment Company Act File No. 811-23758
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
x REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
x PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 1
¨ POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. [ ]
x REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
x AMENDMENT NO. 1
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
(203) 340-8500
(Address and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)
Thomas P. Majewski
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
(Name and address of agent for service)
COPIES TO:
Thomas J. Friedmann, Esq. 100 Oliver Street Boston, MA 02110 (617) 728-7120 |
Jonathan H. Gaines, Esq. Dechert LLP Three Bryant Park 1095 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036-6797 (212) 641-5600 |
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Public Offering:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
¨ | Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans. |
x | Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan. |
¨ | Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto. |
¨ | Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act. |
¨ | Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act. |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
¨ | when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c). |
¨ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486. |
¨ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486. |
¨ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486. |
¨ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
¨ | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
¨ | This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: ______. |
¨ | This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: ______. |
¨ | This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: ______. |
Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:
x | Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)). |
¨ | Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act). |
¨ | Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act). |
¨ | A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form). |
¨ | Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act). |
¨ | Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). |
¨ | If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. |
x | New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing). |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such dates as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The Fund may not sell these securities until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
Preliminary Prospectus Dated March 2, 2022
Eagle Point institutional income fund
PROSPECTUS
[ ], 2022
Shares of Beneficial Interest
600 Steamboat Road
Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the “Fund”) is a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund is managed by Eagle Point Credit Management LLC (the “Adviser”), which is registered as an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and to qualify annually, as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate high current income, with a secondary objective to generate capital appreciation.
Principal Investment Strategy. We seek to achieve our investment objectives by investing primarily in equity and junior debt tranches of collateralized loan obligations, or “CLOs,” that are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of U.S. first lien, floating rate senior secured loans with a large number of distinct underlying borrowers across various industry sectors and ratings that are below investment grade. CLOs are pooled investment vehicles comprised primarily of senior secured loans. CLO equity is highly levered, volatile, and may suffer significant losses.
According to S&P LCD, the U.S. senior secured loan market has $1.3 trillion of outstanding principal balance, and $613 billion of new senior secured loans were issued in 2021. CLO market issuance was $94 billion and $187 billion in new securities in 2020 and 2021, respectively.
We may also invest in other related securities and instruments or other securities and investments that the Adviser believes are consistent with our investment objectives, including senior debt tranches of CLOs, loan accumulation facilities, securities issued by other securitization vehicles (such as credit- linked notes, collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), and revolver CLOs), senior secured loans and corporate bonds. The amount that we invest in other securities and instruments, which may include investments in debt and other securities issued by CLOs collateralized by non-U.S. loans and securities of other collective investment vehicles, will vary from time to time and, as such, may constitute a material part of our portfolio on any given date, all as based on our Adviser’s assessment of prevailing market conditions.
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Loan accumulation facilities are short- to medium-term facilities often provided by the bank that will serve as the placement agent or arranger on a CLO transaction. Loan accumulation facilities typically incur leverage between four and six times prior to a CLO’s pricing.
The CLO securities in which we primarily seek to invest are unrated or rated below investment grade and considered speculative with respect to timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. Unrated and below investment grade securities are also sometimes referred to as “junk” securities. In addition, the CLO equity and junior debt securities in which we invest are highly leveraged (with CLO equity securities typically being leveraged approximately ten times), which significantly magnifies our risk of loss on such investments relative to senior debt tranches of CLOs. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — Our investments in CLO securities and other structured finance securities involve certain risks.”
We may borrow funds to make investments. As a result, we would be exposed to the risk of borrowing (also known as leverage), which may be considered a speculative investment technique. Leverage increases the volatility of investments and magnifies the potential for loss on amounts invested, thereby increasing the risk associated with investing in our Shares. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us.”
Investors should consider their investment goals, time horizons and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not appropriate for all investors, and the Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. Before buying any of the Fund’s shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”), you should read the discussion of the principal risks of investing in the Fund, which are summarized in “Prospectus Summary—Risk Factors” beginning on page 15 and in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 53.
Per Share | Total(1) | |||||
Public Offering Price | At current net asset value plus any applicable sales load | $ | 1,000,000,000 | |||
Sales Load(1) as a percentage of purchase amount | Up to 6.0% | Up to 6.0% | ||||
Proceeds to the Fund Before Expenses(2) | Current net asset value | $ | 940,000,000 |
(1) | Investors purchasing Shares may be charged a sales load of up to 6.00% of the investment amount. The sales load may be reduced. Please see “Plan of Distribution” for more details. The table assumes the maximum sales load is charged and that all amounts currently registered are sold in the continuous offering. |
(2) | The Fund is currently offering on a continuous basis up to 94,000,000 Shares. Subject to limitations and restrictions described in this Prospectus and the SAI, the Fund will bear the Fund’s organizational costs and ongoing offering costs associated with the Fund’s continuous offering of Shares. The Fund’s estimated organizational and initial offering expenses (including pre-effective expenses) are $9.4 million (approximately 0.94% of the gross proceeds) if the maximum number of shares are sold at $10.64 per share. The Fund will pay for organizational and offering (“O&O”) expenses up to a limit of 1.50% of gross proceeds raised in the offering. See “Fund Expenses.” |
The Fund is offering 94,000,000 Shares on a continuous basis at the net asset value, or “NAV,” per Share plus any applicable sales loads.
WealthForge Securities, LLC acts as the dealer manager of the Shares (the “Dealer Manager”) on a best-efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Dealer Manager and the Adviser may enter into selected dealer agreements with various brokers-dealers and other financial intermediaries (“Selling Agents”), some of which may be affiliates of the Adviser, that have agreed to participate in the distribution of the Shares. Investments in the Shares may be subject to a sales load of up to 6.0% of the investment amount. The Adviser, the Dealer Manager and a Selling Agent (each as defined herein) may, as mutually agreed and stated in the applicable agreement, waive all or a portion of the sales load for certain investors. The minimum initial investment is $2,500, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund by any investor is $500. The Fund reserves the right to waive investment minimums. The Dealer Manager and/or any Selling Agent may impose additional eligibility requirements for investors who purchase Shares through the Dealer Manager or such Selling Agent. See “Plan of Distribution.”
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Investing in our shares may be considered speculative and involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of a substantial loss of investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 53 to read about the risks you should consider before buying our shares, including the risk of leverage.
· | Our shares will not be publicly traded and you should not expect to be able to sell your shares regardless of how we perform. |
· | Our shares are not currently listed on any securities exchange, and we do not expect a secondary market in the shares to develop in the foreseeable future, if ever. |
· | To provide shareholders with limited liquidity, the Fund intends to conduct repurchases of Shares in each quarter beginning the calendar quarter ending June 30, 2022. The Fund intends to offer to repurchase Shares from Shareholders in each quarter in an amount up to 5% of the Fund’s net asset value as of the prior calendar quarter end. Our Board of Trustees (the “Board”) has complete discretion to determine whether we will engage in any share repurchase, and if so, the terms of such repurchase. See “Repurchases of Shares.” |
· | An investment in our Shares is not suitable for investors that require short-term liquidity. See “Repurchases of Shares.” |
· | We may, but are not obligated to, pursue a liquidity event for our Shareholders. A liquidity event could include, among other things, (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a complete portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a listing of our Shares on a national securities exchange or (3) a merger or another transaction approved by our Board of Trustees in which our Shareholders will receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company, which may be another investment company managed by our Adviser. See “Liquidity Strategy.” |
· | Because you will be unable to sell your shares through a securities exchange, you will be unable to reduce your exposure on any market downturn. |
· | A portion or all of any distribution paid by the Fund may consist of a return of capital. |
· | Our distributions may be funded from offering proceeds or borrowings, which may constitute a return of capital and reduce the amount of capital available to us for investment. Any capital returned to Shareholders through distributions will be distributed after the accrual of fees and expenses. |
This Prospectus concisely provides the information that a prospective investor should know about the Fund before investing. You are advised to read this Prospectus carefully and to retain it for future reference. Additional information about the Fund, including a statement of additional information (“SAI”) dated [ ], 2022, has been filed with the SEC. The SAI is incorporated by reference into, and is legally considered part of, this Prospectus. The Fund also will produce both annual and semi-annual reports that will contain important information about the Fund. The SAI and the annual and semi-annual reports (when available), as well as additional information about the Fund are available upon request and without charge on our website, at www.EaglePointInstitutionalIncomeFund.com or by calling (866) 661-6615. The SAI, and other information about the Fund, is also available on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov). The address of the SEC’s Internet site is provided solely for the information of prospective investors and is not intended to be an active link.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined that this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Shares are not deposits or obligations of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and Shares are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
You should rely only on the information contained in this Prospectus. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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The following summary highlights some of the information contained in this prospectus. It is not complete and may not contain all the information that is important to a decision to invest in our securities. You should read carefully the more detailed information set forth under “Risk Factors” and the other information included in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. Except where the context suggests otherwise, the terms:
· | “Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund,” the “Fund,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust and any consolidated subsidiaries; |
· | “Eagle Point Credit Management” and “Adviser” refer to Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; and |
· | “Eagle Point Administration” and “Administrator” refer to Eagle Point Administration LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
We are an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act. We intend to elect to be treated, and to qualify annually, as a regulated investment company, or “RIC,” under Subchapter M of the Code commencing with our tax year ending on November 30, 2022.
Our primary investment objective is to generate high current income, with a secondary objective to generate capital appreciation. We seek to achieve our investment objectives by investing primarily in equity and junior debt tranches of CLOs that are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of below investment grade U.S. senior secured loans with a large number of distinct underlying borrowers across various industry sectors. We may also invest in other related securities and instruments or other securities and instruments that the Adviser believes are consistent with our investment objectives, including senior debt tranches of CLOs, loan accumulation facilities, securities issued by other securitization vehicles (such as credit-linked notes, CBOs, and revolver CLOs), senior secured loans and corporate bonds. Loan accumulation facilities are short- to medium-term facilities often provided by the bank that will serve as the placement agent or arranger on a CLO transaction. Loan accumulation facilities typically incur leverage between four and six times prior to a CLO’s pricing. The amount that we will invest in other securities and instruments, which may include investments in debt and other securities issued by CLOs collateralized by non-U.S. loans and securities of other collective investment vehicles, will vary from time to time and, as such, may constitute a material part of our portfolio on any given date, all as based on the Adviser’s assessment of prevailing market conditions. Over the long term and under normal market conditions, management expects 60-80% of the Fund’s investment portfolio to be comprised of CLO equity investments and the balance to be comprised of CLO debt, corporate loans/bonds and other comparable investments consistent with our investment objectives. Such target allocations are subject to change without prior approval of or notice to shareholders. The CLO securities in which we primarily seek to invest are rated below investment grade or, in the case of CLO equity securities, are unrated, and are considered speculative with respect to timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. Unrated and below investment grade securities are also sometimes referred to as “junk” securities. In addition, the CLO equity and junior debt securities in which we invest are highly leveraged (with CLO equity securities typically being leveraged approximately ten times), which significantly magnifies our risk of loss on such investments.
The foregoing descriptions of our investment objectives and strategies do not reflect fundamental policies of ours and may be changed by our Board of Trustees without prior approval of our Shareholders. See “Business.”
We seek to make investments in the primary and secondary markets. In the primary CLO market (i.e., acquiring securities at the inception of a CLO), we seek to invest in CLO securities that the Adviser believes have the potential to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns and to outperform other similar CLO securities issued within the respective vintage period. In the secondary CLO market (i.e., acquiring existing CLO securities), we seek to invest in CLO securities that the Adviser believes have the potential to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns.
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The Adviser pursues a differentiated strategy within the CLO market focused on:
· | proactive and proprietary sourcing and identification of investment opportunities; |
· | utilization of the Adviser’s methodical investment analysis and due diligence process; |
· | active involvement at the CLO structuring and formation stage; and |
· | taking, in many instances, significant stakes in CLO equity and junior debt tranches. |
The Adviser has been executing on comparable CLO investment strategies since 2012. We believe that the Adviser’s direct and often longstanding relationships with CLO collateral managers, its CLO structural expertise and its relative scale in the CLO market will enable us to source and execute investments with attractive economics and terms relative to other CLO opportunities.
When we make a significant primary market investment in a particular CLO tranche, we generally expect to be able to influence the CLO’s key terms and conditions. In particular, the Adviser believes that the protective rights associated with holding a majority position in a CLO equity tranche (such as the ability to call the CLO after the non-call period, to refinance/reprice certain CLO debt tranches after a period of time and to influence potential amendments to the governing documents of the CLO) may reduce our risk in these investments and/or enhance an investment’s potential return. We may acquire a majority position in a CLO tranche directly, or we may benefit from the advantages of a majority position where both we and other accounts managed by the Adviser collectively hold a majority position, subject to any restrictions on our ability to invest alongside such other accounts. See “Business — Other Investment Techniques — Co-Investment with Affiliates.”
We seek to construct a portfolio of CLO securities that provides varied exposure across a number of key categories, including:
· | number and investment style of CLO collateral managers who we believe to be the top performers |
· | CLO vintage period |
· | number of borrowers underlying each CLO; and |
· | industry type of a CLO’s underlying borrowers. |
The Adviser has a track record of constructing diversified portfolios of aforementioned categories in other funds and accounts managed by the Adviser. The Adviser has a long-term investment horizon and invests primarily with a buy-and-hold mentality. However, on an ongoing basis, the Adviser actively monitors each investment and may sell positions if circumstances change from the time of investment or if the Adviser believes it is in our best interest to do so. We believe the Fund’s strategy offers the following key advantages:
· | Attractive Underlying Assets: First lien, floating rate U.S. senior secured loans (the underlying collateral of U.S. CLOs) have demonstrated strength and consistency through multiple economic cycles, as measured by yield, total return, default rate, and recovery rate. Senior secured loans to U.S. corporate borrowers have generated positive returns in 28 of the last 30 years1; |
· | Resilient CLO Structure: CLOs are designed to offer dynamic loan portfolio management and long-term, committed and non-Mark-to-Market financing; |
1 | Source: Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index, which tracks the investable universe of the U.S. dollar-denominated leveraged loan market. The performance of an index is not an exact representation of any particular investment, as you cannot invest directly in an index. Similarly, since 1992, from a total return perspective, the S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index experienced only two down years (2008 and 2015 with returns of -28.8% and -0.4%, respectively). The S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index is a market value-weighted index designed to measure the performance of the U.S. leveraged loan market based upon weightings, spreads and interest payments. |
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· | Specialist Investment Adviser Dedicated to CLO Investing: The Adviser has significant expertise in CLO investing, including 55 years of combined CLO industry experience among the Senior Investment Team and differentiated origination, due diligence, structuring and portfolio management techniques. The Adviser managed 38 funds and separate accounts with a total of $4.5 billion of assets under management (including capital commitments that were undrawn) dedicated to investing in CLO equity and debt tranches as of December 31, 2021; |
· | Strong Historical Performance of CLO Equity and Debt Investments: CLO equity investments have historically generated relatively high total returns in an intermediate to long term investment horizon. Spreads on CLO bonds have generally been wider than corporate bonds with comparable ratings and, specifically, spreads on BB-rated CLO debt have exceeded those of BB-rated corporate bonds by the greatest margin relative to other debt rating categories historically. Historical defaults are also lower for CLO bonds compared to corporate bonds. CLO equity and debt are highly levered, volatile, and may suffer significant losses. Many of the statistics and data noted in this prospectus relate to historical periods when market conditions were, in some cases, materially different than they are as of the date of this prospectus; and |
· | Access to Institutional Investments: The Fund provides access to sophisticated investments that have historically only been available to institutional investors. |
Eagle Point Credit Management
Eagle Point Credit Management, our investment adviser, manages our investments subject to the supervision of our Board of Trustees pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, or the “Investment Advisory Agreement.” An affiliate of the Adviser, Eagle Point Administration LLC, performs, or arranges for the performance of, our required administrative services. For a description of the fees and expenses that we pay to the Adviser and the Administrator, see “Management.”
The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As of December 31, 2021, the Adviser, collectively, with Eagle Point Income Management LLC, an affiliate of the Adviser, had approximately $6.9 billion of total assets under management (including capital commitments that were undrawn as of such date) for investment across over 50 funds and managed accounts. The Adviser’s diversified investor base is comprised of institutional investors, high net worth individuals and retail investors. Based on the Adviser’s CLO equity assets under management, the Adviser believes that it is among the largest CLO equity investors in the market.
The Adviser was established in November 2012 by Thomas P. Majewski and Stone Point Capital LLC, or “Stone Point,” as investment manager of Trident V, L.P. and related investment vehicles, which we refer to collectively as the “Trident V Funds.” The Adviser is primarily owned by the Trident V Funds through intermediary holding companies. The Adviser’s Senior Investment Team also holds an indirect ownership interest in the Adviser. The Adviser is ultimately governed through intermediary holding companies by a board of managers, or the “Adviser’s Board of Managers,” which includes Mr. Majewski and certain principals of Stone Point. See “Management” below and “Management of the Fund–Adviser’s Board of Managers” in the SAI. Stone Point, an investment adviser registered with the SEC, is a specialized private equity firm focused on the financial services industry with $44 billion in assets under management as of September 30, 2021. The “Senior Investment Team” is led by Mr. Majewski, Managing Partner of the Adviser, and is also comprised of Daniel W. Ko, Principal and Portfolio Manager, and Daniel M. Spinner, Principal and Portfolio Manager. The Senior Investment Team is primarily responsible for our day-to-day investment management and the implementation of our investment strategy and process.
Each member of the Senior Investment Team is a CLO industry specialist who has been directly involved in the CLO market for the majority of his career and has built relationships with key market participants, including CLO collateral managers, investment banks and investors. Members of the Senior Investment Team have been involved in the CLO market as:
· | the head of the CLO business at various investment banks; |
· | a lead CLO structurer and collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) workout specialist at an investment bank; |
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· | a CLO equity and debt investor; |
· | principal investors in CLO collateral management firms; and |
· | a lender and mergers and acquisitions adviser to CLO collateral management firms. |
We believe that the complementary, yet highly specialized, skill set of each member of the Senior Investment Team provides the Adviser with a competitive advantage in its CLO-focused investment strategy. See “Management — Portfolio Managers.”
In addition to managing our investments, the Adviser and its affiliates and the members of the Senior Investment Team manage investment accounts for other clients, including Eagle Point Credit Company Inc. (“Eagle Point Credit Company” or “ECC”) and Eagle Point Income Company Inc. (“Eagle Point Income Company” or “EIC”), which are closed-end management investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act and traded on the New York Stock Exchange, as well as multiple privately offered pooled investment vehicles and institutional separate accounts. Many of these accounts pursue an investment strategy that substantially or partially overlaps with the strategy that we pursue.
The Adviser managed 38 funds and separate accounts with a total of $4.5 billion of assets under management (including capital commitments that were undrawn) dedicated to investing in CLO equity and debt tranches as of December 31, 2021.
The Adviser and its affiliates have over $200 million invested in strategies, including non-CLO strategies, managed by the Adviser.
Senior Secured Loan and CLO Overview
We intend to invest primarily in equity and junior debt tranches of CLOs. The CLOs that we primarily target are securitization vehicles that pool portfolios of primarily U.S. first lien, floating rate senior secured loans that are rated below investment grade. Such pools of underlying assets are often referred to as CLO “collateral.” While the vast majority of the portfolio of most CLOs consists of senior secured loans, many CLOs enable the CLO collateral manager to invest up to 10% of the portfolio in assets that are not first lien senior secured loans, including second lien loans, unsecured loans, senior secured bonds and senior unsecured bonds. CLOs have historically been the largest investor in senior secured loans, with market share ranging from 40% to greater than 70% and an average of 60% since 2002 through December 2021.
According to S&P LCD, the U.S. senior secured loan market has $1.3 trillion of outstanding principal balance and $613 billion of new senior secured loans were issued in 2021.
According to S&P Capital IQ LCD, U.S. CLO market issuance was $94 billion and $187 billion in new securities in 2020 and 2021, respectively.
CLO securities are held by a diverse mix of investors. In a June 25, 2020 report titled “Who Owns U.S. CLO Securities? An Update by Tranche,” the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System estimated that 75% of U.S. CLO securities were owned by U.S. banks and institutional investors, including insurance companies, mutual funds, and pension funds.
CLOs are generally required to hold a portfolio of assets that is highly diversified by underlying borrower and industry and that is subject to a variety of asset concentration limitations. Most CLOs are non-static, revolving structures that generally allow for reinvestment over a specific period of time (the “reinvestment period,” which is typically up to five years). The terms and covenants of a typical CLO structure are, with certain exceptions, based primarily on the cash flow generated by, and the par value (as opposed to the market price) of, the collateral. These covenants include collateral coverage tests, interest coverage tests and collateral quality tests.
A CLO funds the purchase of a portfolio of primarily senior secured loans via the issuance of CLO securities in the form of multiple, primarily floating-rate, debt tranches. The CLO debt tranches typically are rated “AAA” (or its equivalent) at the most senior level down to “BB” or “B” (or its equivalent), which is below investment grade, at the junior level by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc., S&P and/or Fitch, Inc. The interest rate on the CLO debt tranches is the lowest at the AAA-level and generally increases at each level down the rating scale. The CLO equity tranche is unrated and typically represents approximately 8% to 11% of a CLO’s capital structure. Below investment grade and unrated securities are sometimes referred to as “junk” securities. The diagram below is for illustrative purposes only and highlights a hypothetical structure intended to depict a typical CLO in the market. A minority of CLOs also include a B-rated debt tranche, and the structure of CLOs in which we invest may otherwise vary from the example set forth below.
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CLOs have two priority-of-payment schedules (commonly called “waterfalls”), which are detailed in a CLO’s indenture and govern how cash generated from a CLO’s underlying collateral is distributed to the CLO’s equity and debt investors. One waterfall (the interest waterfall) applies to interest payments received on a CLO’s underlying collateral. The second waterfall (the principal waterfall) applies to cash generated from principal on the underlying collateral, primarily through loan repayments and the proceeds from loan sales or maturities. Through the interest waterfall, any excess interest-related cash flow available after the required quarterly interest payments to CLO debt investors are made and certain CLO expenses (such as administration and collateral management fees) are paid is then distributed to the CLO’s equity investors each quarter, subject to compliance with certain tests. Please see “Business — CLO Overview” for a more detailed description of a CLO’s typical structure and certain key terms and conditions thereof.
A CLO’s indenture typically requires that the maturity dates of a CLO’s assets (typically five to seven years from the date of issuance of a senior secured loan) be shorter than the maturity date of the CLO’s liabilities (typically 12 to 13 years from the date of issuance). However, CLO investors do face reinvestment risk with respect to a CLO’s underlying portfolio. In addition, in most CLO transactions, CLO debt investors are subject to prepayment risk in that the holders of a majority of the equity tranche can direct a call or refinancing of a CLO, which would cause the CLO’s outstanding CLO debt securities to be repaid at par. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We and our investments are subject to reinvestment risk.”
We believe that CLO equity has the following attractive fundamental attributes:
· | Strength of underlying assets (collateral): Historical performance demonstrates the consistency and stability of first lien, floating rate U.S. senior secured bank loans. Senior secured loans to large U.S. corporate borrowers have generated positive returns in 28 of the last 30 years (according to the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index). |
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· | Potential for strong absolute and risk-adjusted returns: We believe that CLO equity offers a potential total return profile that is attractive on a risk-adjusted basis compared to U.S. public equity markets over the long-term. |
· | Expected shorter duration high-yielding credit investment with the potential for high quarterly cash distributions: Relative to certain other high-yielding credit investments such as mezzanine or subordinated debt, CLO equity is expected to have a shorter payback period with higher front-end loaded quarterly cash flows during the early years of a CLO’s life. |
· | Expected protection against rising interest rates: Since a CLO’s asset portfolio is typically comprised principally of floating rate loans and the CLO’s liabilities are also generally floating rate instruments, we expect CLO equity to provide potential protection against rising interest rates when the applicable benchmark rate is above the applicable interest rate floor on a CLO’s assets. However, our investments are still subject to other forms of interest rate risk. For a discussion of the interest rate risks associated with our investments, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We and our investments are subject to interest rate risk” and “Business — CLO Overview.” |
· | Expected low-to-moderate correlation with fixed income and equity markets: Given that CLO assets and liabilities are primarily floating rate, we expect CLO equity investments to have a low-to-moderate correlation with U.S. fixed income securities over the long term. In addition, because CLOs generally allow for the reinvestment of principal during the reinvestment period regardless of the market price of the underlying collateral if the respective CLO remains in compliance with its covenants, we expect CLO equity investments to have a low-to-moderate correlation with the U.S. equity markets over the long term. |
· | Strength of CLO balance sheet: Long term (~12 year) committed financing collateralized by shorter duration assets with no mark-to-market triggers. |
CLO securities are also subject to a number of risks as discussed elsewhere in this “Prospectus Summary” section and in more detail in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus. CLO equity is highly levered, volatile, and may suffer significant losses. Among our primary targeted investments, the risks associated with CLO equity are generally greater than those associated with CLO debt.
Our Competitive Advantages
We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of investment opportunities in CLO securities and related investments due to the following competitive advantages:
· | Adviser’s track record investing in CLO securities. Since its inception, the Adviser has focused on investing in CLO securities and related investments. Each member of the Senior Investment Team is a CLO specialist who has been involved with the CLO market for the majority of his career and brings a distinct and complementary skill set that the Adviser believes is necessary for our success. The Adviser has managed $12.2 billion in gross investments in CLO securities since its inception. The Adviser managed 38 funds and separate accounts with a total of $4.5 billion of assets under management (including capital commitments that were undrawn) dedicated to investing in CLO equity and debt tranches as of December 31, 2021. The Adviser and its affiliates have over $200 million invested in strategies, including non-CLO strategies, managed by the Adviser. |
· | Deep CLO structural experience and expertise. Members of the Senior Investment Team have significant experience structuring, valuing and investing in CLOs throughout their careers. The Adviser believes that the initial structuring of a CLO investment is an important contributor to the ultimate risk-adjusted returns, and that experienced and knowledgeable investors can add meaningful value relative to other market participants by identifying investments with more protective and advantageous structures (or negotiating such features in connection with primary investments). |
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· | Methodical investment process. The goal of the Adviser’s investment process is to source, evaluate and execute investments in CLO securities and related investments that the Adviser believes have the potential to outperform the CLO market or the applicable market of such related investments, respectively, generally over the long term. This process, augmented by the first-hand CLO industry experience of the Adviser’s Senior Investment Team, is designed to be repeatable and is focused on key areas for analysis that the Adviser believes are most relevant to potential future performance. Our Adviser believes that its investment and security selection process, with its strong emphasis on assessing the skill of the CLO collateral manager and analyzing the structure of a CLO, differentiates its approach to investing in CLO securities. See “Business — Investment Process.” |
· | Proactive investment sourcing. As specialists in the CLO market, members of the Senior Investment Team have developed relationships with many CLO collateral managers and, as such, the Adviser believes that it is viewed as an important market participant. We believe our Adviser’s relative size and prominence in the CLO market and the Senior Investment Team’s broad and often longstanding relationships with CLO collateral managers and arranging banks benefit us by enhancing our ability to source investments in their early stages and to execute investments in CLO securities. Since inception in 2012 through December 31, 2021, the Adviser has invested in over 700 CLO vehicles. |
· | Efficient vehicle for gaining exposure to CLO securities. We believe that we are structured as an efficient vehicle for investors to gain exposure to CLO securities and related investments, which typically have historically only been available to institutional investors. We believe our closed-end fund structure allows the Adviser to take a long-term view from a portfolio management perspective without the uncertainty posed by daily redemptions in an open-end fund structure. As such, the Adviser can focus principally on maximizing long-term risk-adjusted returns for the benefit of Shareholders. Moreover, our structure enables us to execute CLO reset transactions which have the effect of extending the life of the investment. In a CLO reset, the CLO’s indenture, which sets forth the terms governing the CLO, is “re-opened” (e.g., the terms of the indenture and the various tranches of the CLO can be re-negotiated). Among other potential benefits, resetting a CLO renews the reinvestment period on the CLO. The Adviser believes that, in certain instances, resetting a CLO can create meaningful value for CLO equity holders. Limited life investment vehicles may be unable to pursue such CLO resets due to the extended life of the investment and because certain CLO resets may require additional equity capital to be invested, which is something limited life investment vehicles may be unable to commit if they are beyond their investment period. |
· | Institutional investment management and administration platform with other CLO funds under management. Investors in the Fund benefit from efficiencies created by the scale of the Adviser’s investment management and administration platform, including co-investments and enhanced negotiating leverage with counterparties. |
Financing and Hedging Strategy
Leverage by the Fund. We may use leverage as and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. We are permitted to obtain leverage using any form of financial leverage instruments, including funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions, margin facilities, notes or preferred stock and leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements or similar transactions. Certain instruments that create leverage are considered to be senior securities under the 1940 Act. With respect to senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., borrowing or deemed borrowing), other than temporary borrowings as defined under the 1940 Act, we are required under current law to have an asset coverage of at least 300%, as measured at the time of borrowing and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness. With respect to senior securities that are stocks (i.e. preferred stock), we are required under current law to have an asset coverage of at least 200%, as measured at the time of the issuance of any such shares of preferred stock and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness plus the aggregate liquidation preference of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Over the long term, management expects us to operate under normal market conditions generally with leverage within a range of 25-35% of total assets, although the actual amount of our leverage is uncertain from time to time. We expect that we will, or that we may need to, raise additional capital in the future to fund our continued growth, and we may do so by entering into a credit facility, issuing shares of preferred stock or debt securities or through other leveraging instruments. Subject to the limitations under the 1940 Act, we may incur additional leverage opportunistically or not at all and may choose to increase or decrease our leverage. We may use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments at any time based on the Adviser’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment, including forms of leverage other than preferred stock, debt securities and/or credit facilities. In addition, we may borrow for temporary, emergency or other purposes as permitted under the 1940 Act, which indebtedness would generally not be subject to the asset coverage requirements described above. By leveraging our investment portfolio, we may create an opportunity for increased net income and capital appreciation. However, the use of leverage also involves significant risks and expenses, which will be borne entirely by our Shareholders, and our leverage strategy may not be successful. For example, the more leverage is employed, the more likely a substantial change will occur in our NAV per share of our Shares. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us.”
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Derivative Transactions. We may engage in “Derivative Transactions,” as described below, from time to time. To the extent we engage in Derivative Transactions, we expect to do so primarily to hedge against credit risks. In particular, we anticipate that the Fund would implement such hedging strategy by purchasing exchange-traded swaps or options on indices comprised of credit default swaps (e.g., the CDX High Yield Index). We may also use Derivative Transactions to hedge against other forms of risk, including interest rate risk, or for other investment or risk management purposes. We may use Derivative Transactions for investment purposes to the extent consistent with our investment objectives if the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. We may purchase and sell a variety of derivative instruments, including exchange-listed and over-the-counter, or “OTC,” options, futures, options on futures, swaps and similar instruments, various interest rate transactions, such as swaps, caps, floors or collars, and credit transactions and credit default swaps. We also may purchase and sell derivative instruments that combine features of these instruments. Collectively, we refer to these financial management techniques as “Derivative Transactions.” Our use of Derivative Transactions, if any, will generally be deemed to create leverage for us and involves significant risks. No assurance can be given that our strategy and use of derivatives will be successful, and our investment performance could diminish compared with what it would have been if Derivative Transactions were not used. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We are subject to risks associated with any hedging or Derivative Transactions in which we participate.”
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits us to enter into derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations, including short sales, notwithstanding the senior security provisions of the 1940 Act if we comply with certain value-at-risk, or “VaR,” leverage limits, implement a derivatives risk management program and are subject to board oversight and reporting requirements, or otherwise comply with a “limited derivatives users” exception. We have elected to rely on the limited derivatives users exception. We may change this election and comply with the other provisions of Rule 18f-4 related to derivatives transactions at any time and without notice. To satisfy the limited derivatives users exception, we have adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage derivatives risk and limit derivatives exposure in accordance with Rule 18f-4. Rule 18f-4 also permits us to enter into reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions notwithstanding the senior security provisions of the 1940 Act if we aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating our asset coverage ratios as discussed above or treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions for all purposes under Rule 18f-4.
Operating and Regulatory Structure
We are an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act. As a registered closed-end management investment company, we are required to meet certain regulatory tests. See “Regulation as a Closed-End Management Investment Company.” In addition, we intend to be treated, and intend to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, commencing with our tax year ending on November 30, 2022.
Our investment activities are managed by the Adviser and supervised by our Board of Trustees. Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to pay the Adviser an annual base management fee based on our “Managed Assets” as well as an incentive fee based on our “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income.” “Managed Assets” means our total assets (including assets attributable to our use of leverage) minus the sum of our accrued liabilities (other than liabilities incurred for the purpose of creating leverage). See “Management.” We have also entered into an administration agreement, which we refer to as the “Administration Agreement,” under which we have agreed to reimburse the Administrator for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement. See “Management.”
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Conflicts of Interest
Our executive officers and Trustees, and the Adviser and certain of its affiliates and their officers and employees, including the Senior Investment Team, have several conflicts of interest as a result of the other activities in which they engage. The Adviser and the Administrator are affiliated with other entities engaged in the financial services business. In particular, the Adviser and Administrator are affiliated with Eagle Point Income Management and Stone Point, and certain members of the Adviser’s Board of Managers are principals of Stone Point. Pursuant to certain management agreements, Stone Point has received delegated authority to act as the investment manager of the Trident V Funds. The Adviser and the Administrator are primarily owned by the Trident V Funds through intermediary holding companies. The Trident V Funds and other private equity funds managed by Stone Point invest in financial services companies. These relationships may cause the Adviser’s or the Administrator’s and certain of their affiliates’ interests, and the interests of their officers and employees, including the Senior Investment Team, to diverge from our interests and may result in conflicts of interest that may not be foreseen or resolved in a manner that is always or exclusively in our best interest.
In addition, the Adviser is under common control with Marble Point Credit Management LLC, or “Marble Point,” which is a CLO collateral manager and manager of other investment vehicles that invest in senior secured loans, CLO securities and other related investments.
Our executive officers and Trustees, as well as other current and potential future affiliated persons, officers and employees of the Adviser and certain of its affiliates, may serve as officers, Trustees or principals of, or manage the accounts for, other entities including ECC and EIC, with investment strategies that substantially or partially overlap with the strategy that we pursue. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which obligations may not be in the best interests of us or our Shareholders. See “Conflicts of Interest.”
In order to address such conflicts of interest, we have, among other things, adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. Similarly, the Adviser has separately adopted the “Adviser Code of Ethics.” The Adviser Code of Ethics requires the officers and employees of the Adviser to act in the best interests of the Adviser and its client accounts (including us), act in good faith and in an ethical manner, avoid conflicts of interests with the client accounts to the extent reasonably possible and identify and manage conflicts of interest to the extent that they arise. Personnel subject to each code of ethics may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. Our Trustees and officers, and the officers and employees of the Adviser, are also required to comply with applicable provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws and make prompt reports to supervisory personnel of any actual or suspected violations of law.
Pursuant to the investment allocation policies and procedures of the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management, they seek to allocate investment opportunities among accounts in a manner that is fair and equitable over time. In addition, an account managed by the Adviser, such as us, is expected to be considered for the allocation of investment opportunities together with other accounts managed by the Adviser and certain affiliates of the Adviser, including Eagle Point Income Management. There is no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to any particular account equitably in the short-term or that any such account, including us, will be able to participate in all investment opportunities that are suitable for it. See “Conflicts of Interest — Code of Ethics and Compliance Procedures.”
Co-Investment with Affiliates. In certain instances, we co-invest on a concurrent basis with other accounts managed by the Adviser and may do so with other accounts managed by certain of the Adviser’s affiliates, subject to compliance with applicable regulations and regulatory guidance and the Adviser’s written allocation procedures. Exemptive relief granted by the SEC to Eagle Point Credit Management and certain of its affiliates (as well as ECC) permits us to participate in certain negotiated co-investments alongside other accounts, including ECC and EIC, managed by the Adviser, or certain of its affiliates, subject to certain conditions including (i) that a majority of our Trustees who have no financial interest in the transaction and a majority of our Trustees who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of us approve the co-investment and (ii) the price, terms and conditions of the co-investment are the same for each participant. A copy of the application for exemptive relief, including all of the conditions, and the related order are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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Summary Risk Factors
The value of our assets, as well as the net asset value of our securities, will fluctuate. An investment in our securities should be considered risky, and you may lose all or part of your investment in us. Investors should consider their financial situation and needs, other investments, investment goals, investment experience, time horizons, liquidity needs and risk tolerance before investing in our securities. An investment in our securities may be speculative in that it involves a high degree of risk and should not be considered a complete investment program. We are designed primarily as a long-term investment vehicle, and our securities are not an appropriate investment for a short-term trading strategy. We can offer no assurance that returns, if any, on our investments will be commensurate with the risk of investment in us, nor can we provide any assurance that enough appropriate investments that meet our investment criteria will be available.
The following is a summary of certain principal risks of an investment in us. See “Risk Factors” for a more complete discussion of the risks of investing in our securities, including certain risks not summarized below.
· | Risks of Investing in CLOs and Other Structured Debt Securities. CLOs and other structured finance securities are generally backed by a pool of credit-related assets that serve as collateral. Accordingly, CLO and structured finance securities present risks similar to those of other types of credit investments, including default (credit), interest rate and prepayment risks. In addition, CLOs and other structured finance securities are often governed by a complex series of legal documents and contracts, which increases the risk of dispute over the interpretation and enforceability of such documents relative to other types of investments. There is also a risk that the trustee of a CLO does not properly carry out its duties to the CLO, potentially resulting in loss to the CLO. CLOs are also inherently leveraged vehicles and are subject to leverage risk. |
· | Subordinated Securities. CLO equity and junior debt securities that we expect to primarily invest in are subordinated to more senior tranches of CLO debt. CLO equity and junior debt securities are subject to increased risks of default relative to the holders of superior priority interests in the same CLO. In addition, at the time of issuance, CLO equity securities are under-collateralized in that the face amount of the CLO debt and CLO equity of a CLO at inception exceed its total assets. Though not exclusively, we will typically be in a first loss or subordinated position with respect to realized losses on the underlying assets held by the CLOs in which we are invested. |
· | High Yield Investment Risk. The CLO equity and junior debt securities that we acquire are typically rated below investment grade, or in the case of CLO equity securities unrated, and are therefore considered “higher yield” or “junk” securities and are considered speculative with respect to timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. The senior secured loans and other credit-related assets underlying CLOs are also typically higher yield investments. Investing in CLO equity and junior debt securities and other high yield investments involves greater credit and liquidity risk than investment grade obligations, which may adversely impact our performance. |
· | Leverage Risk. The use of leverage, whether directly or indirectly through investments such as CLO equity or junior debt securities that inherently involve leverage, may magnify our risk of loss. CLO equity or junior debt securities are very highly leveraged (with CLO equity securities typically being leveraged approximately ten times), and therefore the CLO securities in which we are currently invested and in which we intend to invest are subject to a higher degree of loss since the use of leverage magnifies losses. |
· | Credit Risk. If (1) a CLO in which we invest, (2) an underlying asset of any such CLO or (3) any other type of credit investment in our portfolio declines in price or fails to pay interest or principal when due because the issuer or debtor, as the case may be, experiences a decline in its financial status, our income and/or NAV would be adversely impacted. |
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· | No Prior Operating History. We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no prior operating history as such. While the Adviser has a multi-year track record investing in CLO securities, prospective investors have a limited track record and history on which to base their investment decision in this Fund. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective, achieve our desired portfolio composition, or raise sufficient capital. |
· | Inability to Raise Sufficient Capital. The offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis, meaning that a Dealer Manager is only required to use its best efforts to sell the shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any shares in the offering. As a result, the amount of proceeds the Fund raises in the offering may be substantially less than the amount the Fund would need to create its desired portfolio of investments, and it may not achieve the economies of scale necessary to operate in a cost effective manner. Further, the Fund will have certain fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a closed-end management investment company, regardless of whether the Fund is able to raise substantial funds in this offering. The Fund’s inability to raise substantial funds would increase its fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, causing Shareholders to incur higher fees and reducing the Fund’s net income and limiting its ability to make distributions. |
· | Key Personnel Risk. We are dependent upon the key personnel of the Adviser for our future success. |
· | Conflicts of Interest Risk. Our executive officers and Trustees, and the Adviser and certain of its affiliates and their officers and employees, including the Senior Investment Team, have several conflicts of interest as a result of the other activities in which they engage. |
· | Prepayment Risk. The assets underlying the CLO securities in which we invest are subject to prepayment by the underlying corporate borrowers. In addition, the CLO securities and related investments in which we invest are subject to prepayment risk. If we or a CLO collateral manager are unable to reinvest prepaid amounts in a new investment with an expected rate of return at least equal to that of the investment repaid, our investment performance will be adversely impacted. |
· | LIBOR Risk. The CLO equity and debt securities in which we invest earn interest at, and CLOs in which we invest typically obtain financing at, a floating rate which has traditionally been based on LIBOR. After the global financial crisis, regulators globally determined that existing interest rate benchmarks should be reformed based on concerns that LIBOR was susceptible to manipulation. In a speech on July 27, 2017, the then-Chief Executive of the Financial Conduct Authority of the UK (the “FCA”) announced the FCA’s intention to cease sustaining LIBOR. On March 5, 2021, the FCA announced that all LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator, or no longer be representative immediately after December 31, 2021, for all GBP, EUR, CHF and JPY LIBOR settings and one-week and two-month US dollar LIBOR settings, and immediately after June 30, 2023 for the remaining US dollar LIBOR settings, including three-month US dollar LIBOR. Replacement rates that have been identified include the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR, which is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR and measures the cost of overnight borrowings through repurchase agreement transactions collateralized with U.S. Treasury securities) and the Sterling Overnight Index Average Rate (SONIA, which is intended to replace GBP LIBOR and measures the overnight interest rate paid by banks for unsecured transactions in the sterling market), although other replacement rates could be adopted by market participants. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of the establishment of SOFR, SONIA or any other replacement rates or any other reforms to LIBOR. In addition, the effect of a phase out of LIBOR on U.S. senior secured loans, the underlying assets of the CLOs in which we invest, is currently unclear. In addition, based on supervisory guidance from regulators, many banks have ceased issuance of new LIBOR-based instruments as of January 1, 2022. To the extent that any LIBOR replacement rate utilized for senior secured loans differs from that utilized for debt of a CLO that holds those loans (including instances where the replacement rate is utilized for such loans prior to it being utilized by the CLO), for the duration of such mismatch, the CLO would experience an interest rate mismatch between its assets and liabilities, which would be expected to have an adverse impact on the cash flows distributed to CLO equity investors as well as our net investment income and portfolio returns until such mismatch is corrected or minimized, which would be expected to occur when both the underlying senior secured loans and the CLO debt securities utilize the same LIBOR replacement rate. As of the date hereof, certain senior secured loans have already transitioned to utilizing SOFR based interest rates and newly issued CLO debt securities have begun to transition to such replacement rate. |
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· | Liquidity Risk. Generally, there is no public market for the CLO investments we target. As such, we may not be able to sell such investments quickly, or at all. If we are able to sell such investments, the prices we receive may not reflect our assessment of their fair value or the amount paid for such investments by us. |
· | Incentive Fee Risk. Our incentive fee structure and the formula for calculating the fee payable to the Adviser may incentivize the Adviser to pursue speculative investments and use leverage in a manner that adversely impacts our performance. |
· | Fair Valuation of Our Portfolio Investments. Generally, there is no public market for the CLO investments we target. As a result, we value these securities at fair value in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Our determinations of the fair value of our investments have a material impact on our net earnings through the recording of unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments and may cause our NAV on a given date to understate or overstate, possibly materially, the value that we ultimately realize on one or more of our investments. |
· | Limited Investment Opportunities Risk. The market for CLO securities is more limited than the market for other credit related investments. We can offer no assurances that sufficient investment opportunities for our capital will be available. |
· | Non-Diversification Risk. We are a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act and expect to hold a narrower range of investments than a diversified fund under the 1940 Act. |
· | Market Risk. Political, regulatory, economic and social developments, and developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, can affect the value of our investments. A disruption or downturn in the capital markets and the credit markets could impair our ability to raise capital, reduce the availability of suitable investment opportunities for us or adversely and materially affect the value of our investments, any of which would negatively affect our business. These risks may be magnified if certain events or developments adversely interrupt the global supply chain, and could affect companies worldwide. |
· | Loan Accumulation Facilities Risk. We may invest in loan accumulation facilities, which are short to medium term facilities often provided by the bank that will serve as placement agent or arranger on a CLO transaction and which acquire loans on an interim basis which are expected to form part of the portfolio of a future CLO. Investments in loan accumulation facilities have risks similar to those applicable to investments in CLOs. Leverage is typically utilized in such a facility and as such the potential risk of loss will be increased for such facilities employing leverage. In the event a planned CLO is not consummated, or the loans are not eligible for purchase by the CLO, the Fund may be responsible for either holding or disposing of the loans. This could expose the Fund primarily to credit and/or mark-to-market losses, and other risks. |
· | Currency Risk. Although we primarily make investments denominated in U.S. dollars, we may make investments denominated in other currencies. Our investments denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars will be subject to the risk that the value of such currency will decrease in relation to the U.S. dollar. |
· | Hedging Risk. Hedging transactions seeking to reduce risks may result in poorer overall performance than if we had not engaged in such hedging transactions, and they may also not properly hedge our risks. |
· | Reinvestment Risk. CLOs will typically generate cash from asset repayments and sales that may be reinvested in substitute assets, subject to compliance with applicable investment tests. If the CLO collateral manager causes the CLO to purchase substitute assets at a lower yield than those initially acquired (for example, during periods of loan compression or as may be required to satisfy a CLO’s covenants) or sale proceeds are maintained temporarily in cash, it would reduce the excess interest-related cash flow, thereby having a negative effect on the fair value of our assets and the market value of our securities. In addition, the reinvestment period for a CLO may terminate early, which would cause the holders of the CLO’s securities to receive principal payments earlier than anticipated. There can be no assurance that we will be able to reinvest such amounts in an alternative investment that provides a comparable return relative to the credit risk assumed. |
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· | Interest Rate Risk. The price of certain of our investments may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates. As of the date of this prospectus, interest rates in the United States are near historic lows, which increases our exposure to risks associated with rising interest rates. |
· | Refinancing Risk. If we incur debt financing and subsequently refinance such debt, the replacement debt may be at a higher cost and on less favorable terms and conditions. If we fail to extend, refinance or replace such debt financings prior to their maturity on commercially reasonable terms, our liquidity will be lower than it would have been with the benefit of such financings, which would limit our ability to grow, and holders of our Shares would not benefit from the potential for increased returns on equity that incurring leverage creates. |
· | Tax Risk. If we fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code for any reason, or become subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distributions, and the amount of such distributions, to our Shareholders and for payments to the holders of our other obligations. |
· | Derivatives Risk. Derivative instruments in which we may invest may be volatile and involve various risks different from, and in certain cases greater than, the risks presented by other instruments. The primary risks related to derivative transactions include counterparty, correlation, liquidity, leverage, volatility and OTC trading risks. In addition, a small investment in derivatives could have a large potential impact on our performance, effecting a form of investment leverage on our portfolio. In certain types of derivative transactions, we could lose the entire amount of our investment; in other types of derivative transactions the potential loss is theoretically unlimited. |
· | Counterparty Risk. We may be exposed to counterparty risk, which could make it difficult for us or the CLOs in which we invest to collect on obligations, thereby resulting in potentially significant losses. |
· | Global Economy Risk. Global economies and financial markets are highly interconnected, and conditions and events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. |
· | COVID-19 Pandemic Risk. The COVID-19 pandemic has created economic and financial disruptions and contributed to increased volatility in global financial markets. The pandemic has affected certain countries, regions, companies, industries and market sectors more dramatically than others and will likely continue to do so. It is not known how long the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will last or the severity thereof. Federal, state and local governments, as well as foreign governments, have taken aggressive steps to address problems being experienced by the markets and by businesses and the economy in general; however, there can be no assurance that these measures will be adequate. |
· | Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares. Shares are not traded on any national securities exchange or other market. No market currently exists for the Shares, and the Fund contemplates that one will not develop. The Shares are, therefore, not readily marketable. Beginning no later than the first full calendar quarter following the date the Fund commences operations, the Adviser intends to recommend to the Board of Trustees that the Fund offer to repurchase Shares from Shareholders quarterly, with such repurchases to occur as of the end of each quarter. Although the Fund expects to offer to repurchase Shares quarterly, no assurances can be given that the Fund will do so. Consequently, the Shares should only be acquired by investors able to commit their funds for an indefinite period of time. |
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· | Closed-end Fund; Liquidity Risks. The Fund is a non-diversified closed-end management investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) in that investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis at a price based on NAV. |
· | Repurchase Risks. The Fund has no obligation to repurchase Shares at any time; any such repurchases will only be made at such times, in such amounts and on such terms as may be determined by the Board of Trustees, in its sole discretion. With respect to any future repurchase offer, Shareholders tendering any Shares for repurchase must do so by a date specified in the notice describing the terms of the repurchase offer (the “Notice Date”). The Notice Date generally will be at least 20 business days prior to the date as of which the Shares to be repurchased are valued by the Fund (the “Valuation Date”). Tenders will be revocable upon written notice to the Fund until the date specified in the terms of the repurchase offer (the “Expiration Date”). Shareholders that elect to tender any Shares for repurchase will not know the price at which such Shares will be repurchased until the Fund’s NAV as of the Valuation Date is able to be determined, which determination is expected to be able to be made in the month following that of the Valuation Date. It is possible that during the time period between the Notice Date and the Valuation Date, general economic and market conditions could cause a decline in the value of Shares in the Fund. Moreover, because the Notice Date and the Expiration Date are in advance of the Valuation Date, Shareholders who tender Shares of the Fund for repurchase will receive their repurchase proceeds well after the Notice Date and will not know the amount of such proceeds prior to making a decision to tender. |
Our Corporate Information
Our offices are located at 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830, and our telephone number is (203) 340-8500.
Issuer | Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the “Fund”) is a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. |
Securities Offered by Us | The Fund is offering 94,000,000 Shares on a continuous basis at the net asset value per Share plus any applicable sales loads. |
Manner of Offering | Shares may be purchased as of the first business day of each month based upon the Fund’s then current net asset value. Each date on which Shares are delivered is referred to as a “Closing Date.” While the Fund intends to have monthly closings, the Board of Trustees reserves the right in its sole discretion to suspend or modify monthly closings from time to time when it believes it is in the best interests of the Fund. We may sell Fund Shares using an investor application, which will be delivered to the escrow agent (“Investor Application”). Prior to the receipt and acceptance of the Investor Application, an investor’s funds will be held in escrow. See “Plan of Distribution.” |
Use of Proceeds | We intend to use the proceeds from the sale of our securities pursuant to this prospectus to acquire investments in accordance with our investment objectives and strategies described in this prospectus, to make distributions to our Shareholders and for general working capital purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.” |
Distributions | We intend to make regular monthly ordinary income distributions of all or a portion of our “investment company taxable income” (which generally consists of ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, and excluding any deduction for distributions paid to Shareholders) to Shareholders. We also intend to make at least annual distributions of all or a portion of our “net capital gains” (which is the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses). At times, in order to maintain a stable level of distributions, we may distribute less than all of our net investment income, distribute accumulated undistributed income or make a distribution comprised in full or in part of a return of capital in addition to current net investment income.
If a record date for a particular distribution occurs before an investor’s date of settlement, such investor who purchases shares in this offering will not be entitled to receive such distribution. |
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Distribution Reinvestment Plan | Subject to our Board of Trustees’ discretion and applicable legal restrictions, we intend to authorize and declare ordinary cash distributions on a quarterly basis and pay such distributions on a monthly basis. We have adopted an “opt in” distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) pursuant to which shareholders may elect to have the full amount of their cash distributions reinvested in additional Shares. Shares will be issued pursuant to the DRIP at their net asset value. There is no sales load or other charge for distributions reinvestment. Participants in our DRIP are free to elect or revoke reinstatement in the DRIP within a reasonable time as specified in the plan. If shareholders elect to participate in the DRIP, distributions on Shares are automatically reinvested in additional Shares by UMB Fund Services, Inc., or the “DRIP Agent.” Holders of our Shares who receive distributions in the form of additional Shares are nonetheless required to pay applicable federal, state or local taxes on the reinvested distribution and will not receive a corresponding cash distribution with which to pay any applicable tax. See “Distribution Reinvestment Plan.” |
Leverage | We may use leverage as and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. We are permitted to obtain leverage using any form of financial leverage instruments, including funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions, margin facilities, preferred stock, or notes and leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements or similar transactions. We expect that we will, or that we may need to, raise additional capital in the future to fund our continued growth and may do so by further increasing our leverage through entry into a credit facility, issuance of shares of preferred stock or debt securities or other leveraging instruments. In addition, the fact that the Management Fee is payable based upon our Managed Assets, which would include any borrowings for investment purposes, creates an incentive for the Adviser to cause the Fund to use leverage to make additional investments, including when it may not be appropriate to do so.
Certain instruments that create leverage are considered to be senior securities under the 1940 Act. With respect to senior securities that are stocks (i.e., shares of preferred stock), we are required to have an asset coverage of at least 200%, as measured at the time of the issuance of any such shares of preferred stock and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness plus the aggregate liquidation preference of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
With respect to senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., borrowing or deemed borrowing), other than temporary borrowings as defined under the 1940 Act, we are required to have an asset coverage of at least 300%, as measured at the time of borrowing and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness. |
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Over the long term, management expects us to operate under normal market conditions generally with leverage within a range of 25-35% of total assets, although the actual amount of our leverage is uncertain from time to time. | |
In addition, while any senior securities remain outstanding, we generally must make provisions to prohibit any distribution to our shareholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratio at the time of the distribution or repurchase. | |
The Fund’s underlying investments may also utilize leverage. For example, the CLO equity and junior debt securities in which we invest are highly leveraged (with CLO equity securities typically being leveraged approximately ten times), which significantly magnifies our risk of loss on such investments. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Investments.” | |
Preferred Stock |
The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may, subject to the Fund’s fundamental policies and restrictions and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and cause the Fund to issue securities of the Fund other than Shares (including preferred interests, debt securities or other senior securities), by action of the Board without the approval of Shareholders. The Board may determine the terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions of such securities as the Board sees fit.
Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund must, immediately after the issuance of any preferred shares, have an “asset coverage” of at least 200%. Asset coverage means the ratio by which the value of the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), bears to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness of the Fund, if any, plus the aggregate liquidation preference of the preferred shares. If the Fund seeks a rating of the preferred shares, asset coverage requirements or portfolio composition requirements, in addition to those set forth in the 1940 Act, may be imposed. The terms of the preferred shares, including their dividend rate, voting rights, liquidation preference and redemption provisions, will be determined by the Board (subject to applicable law and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust) if and when it authorizes the preferred shares. The Fund may issue preferred shares that provide for the periodic redetermination of the dividend rate at relatively short intervals through an auction or remarketing procedure, although the terms of the preferred shares may also enable the Fund to lengthen such intervals. If the dividend rate as redetermined on the Fund’s preferred shares plus the expenses of issuance approaches or exceeds the Fund’s current income after expenses on the investment of proceeds from the preferred shares, the Fund’s leveraged capital structure would result in a lower rate of current income to shareholders than if the Fund were not so structured. |
Board of Trustees | The Fund has a Board of Trustees (each member a “Trustee” and, collectively, the “Board of Trustees”) that has overall responsibility for monitoring and overseeing the Fund’s investment program and its management and operations. A majority of the Trustees are not “interested persons” (as defined by the 1940 Act) of the Fund or the Adviser. See “Management.” |
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The Dealer Manager acts as a distributor of the Fund’s Shares on a best-efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Fund’s Shares are offered for sale through the Dealer Manager at NAV plus any applicable sales load. Under the Dealer Manager Agreement, WealthForge Securities, LLC also provides certain marketing and wholesale services in consideration of its receipt of a dealer manager fee. The Dealer Manager also may enter into selling agreements with Selling Agents for the sale and distribution of the Fund’s Shares. | |
The Dealer Manager is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of the Fund’s Shares but will use it best efforts to solicit orders for the sale of the Shares. Shares of the Fund will not be listed on any national securities exchange, and the Dealer Manager will not act as a market maker in Fund Shares. | |
The Fund, the Adviser or its affiliates may pay additional compensation to selling agents and their agents that have made arrangements with the Dealer Manager or the Fund and are authorized to buy and sell shares of the Fund (collectively, “Selling Agents”) in connection with the sale of Fund Shares. In return for the additional compensation, the Fund may receive certain marketing benefits or services including access to a broker’s or dealer’s registered representatives, placement on a list of investment options offered by a broker or dealer, or the ability to assist in training and educating the broker’s or dealer’s registered representatives. The additional compensation may differ among brokers or dealers in amount or in the amount of calculation. Payments of additional compensation may be fixed dollar amounts or, based on the aggregate value of outstanding Shares held by Shareholders introduced by the broker or dealer, or determined in some other manner. The receipt of additional compensation by a selling broker or dealer may create potential conflicts of interest between an investor and its broker or dealer who is recommending the Fund over other potential investments. | |
Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement | The Fund and the Adviser have entered into an Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) that has an initial term expiring two years after its effective date.
The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement permits the Adviser to pay, directly or indirectly, Fund operating expenses or to waive fees due by the Fund to the Adviser or affiliates of the Adviser to the extent that it deems appropriate in order to ensure that the Fund bears an appropriate level of expenses. Expense payments or waivers made by the Adviser are subject to reimbursement from the Fund for up to three years after such expense payment or waiver was made.
After the initial term, the Board of Trustees may extend the term of the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement from year to year. The Board, or the Fund’s shareholders, may terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement on 60 days’ prior written notice to the Adviser. |
Organizational and Offering Expenses | The Fund will pay for organizational and offering (“O&O”) expenses up to a limit of 1.50% of gross proceeds raised in the offering. The Fund may pay O&O expenses in the form of direct payments to third party vendors. The Fund may also pay O&O expenses to affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Administrator in the form of reimbursement (“Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement”).
Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement will not be included in the calculation of operating expenses under the Expense Limitation Agreement.
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Purchase of Shares | The minimum initial investment in the Fund by an investor is $2,500. Additional investments in the Fund must be made in a minimum amount of $500. The minimum initial and additional investments may be reduced by the Fund. |
Except as otherwise altered by the Board, the Fund intends to accept initial and additional purchases of Shares as of the first day of each calendar month (the “Acceptance Date”).
Except as otherwise permitted by the Board, initial and subsequent purchases of Shares will be payable in cash. Each initial or subsequent purchase of Shares will be payable in one installment which will generally be due (i) three business days prior to the Acceptance Date, where funds are remitted by wire transfer, or (ii) four business days prior to the Acceptance Date, where funds are remitted by check. A prospective investor must also submit a completed Investor Application (including investor certifications) at least four business days before the Acceptance Date. The Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to accept or reject any subscription to purchase Shares in the Fund at any time. Although the Fund may, in its sole discretion, elect to accept a subscription prior to receipt of cleared funds, an investor will not become a Shareholder until cleared funds have been received. In the event that cleared funds and/or a properly completed Investor Application (including investor certifications) are not received from a prospective investor prior to the cut-off dates pertaining to a particular offering, the Fund may hold the relevant funds and Investor Application for processing in the next Acceptance Date.
Pending any closing, funds received from prospective investors will be placed in an account with the escrow agent. On the date of any closing, the balance in the account with respect to each investor whose investment is accepted will be invested in the Fund on behalf of such investor. | |
Despite having to meet the earlier application and funding deadlines described above, the Fund does not issue the Shares purchased (and an investor does not become a Shareholder with respect to such Shares) until the applicable purchase date, i.e., the first day of the relevant calendar month. Consequently, purchase proceeds do not represent capital of the Fund, and do not become assets of the Fund, until such date. | |
Any funds received in advance of the initial or subsequent purchases of Shares are placed in an account with the escrow agent (which may or may not bear interest) prior to their investment in the Fund, in accordance with Rule 15c2-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”). The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase of Shares for any reason (including, without limitation, when it has reason to believe that a purchase of Shares would be unlawful). Unless otherwise required by applicable law, any amount received in advance of a purchase ultimately rejected by the Fund will be returned to the prospective investor. See “Other Risks of the Fund — Possible Exclusion of a Shareholder Based on Certain Detrimental Effects.” |
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Investor Suitability |
An investment in the Fund involves a considerable amount of risk. A shareholder may lose money. Before making an investment decision, a prospective investor should (i) consider the suitability of this investment with respect to the investor’s investment objectives and personal situation and (ii) consider factors such as the investor’s personal net worth, income, age, risk tolerance and liquidity needs. The Fund is an illiquid investment. Shareholders have no right to require the Fund to redeem their Shares in the Fund. See “Other Risks of the Fund — Closed-End Fund; Liquidity Risks.”
In addition, shareholders who require minimum annual distributions from a retirement account through which they hold Shares should consider the Fund’s schedule for repurchase offers and submit repurchase requests accordingly. See “Repurchases of Shares — Repurchases of Shares.” |
Valuation | Generally, there is no public market for the CLO investments we target. As a result, we value these securities at fair value in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of securities that are not publicly traded like those we hold, are inherently uncertain, they may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates. Our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an active public market for these securities existed. Our determinations of the fair value of our investments have a material impact on our net earnings through the recording of unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments and may cause our NAV on a given date to understate or overstate, possibly materially, the value that we may ultimately realize on one or more of our investments. See “Conflicts of Interest — Valuation.” |
Unlisted Closed-End Structure; Limited Liquidity | The Fund has been organized as a closed-end management investment company. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) in that investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. To meet daily redemption requests, mutual funds are subject to more stringent regulatory limitations than closed-end funds. |
Liquidity will be provided by the Fund only through limited repurchase offers described below (if at all). An investment in the Fund is suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares and should be viewed as a long-term investment. See “Other Risks of the Fund — Closed-End Fund; Liquidity Risks.”
We may, but are not obligated to, pursue a liquidity event for our Shareholders. A liquidity event could include, among other things, (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a complete portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a listing of our Shares on a national securities exchange or (3) a merger or another transaction approved by our Board of Trustees in which our Shareholders will receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company. We refer to the aforementioned scenarios as “liquidity events.” See “Liquidity Strategy.” | |
Repurchases of Shares by the Fund | No shareholder has the right to require the Fund to redeem Shares. The Fund may from time to time offer to repurchase Shares pursuant to written tenders by shareholders. Subject to the Board’s discretion, the Fund intends to offer to repurchase Shares from shareholders in each quarter in an amount up to 5% of the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund may extend multiple offers to repurchase Shares in a quarter in an aggregate amount of 5% of the Fund’s net asset value. |
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There is no minimum number of Shares which must be repurchased in any repurchase offer. The Fund has no obligation to repurchase Shares at any time; any such repurchases will only be made at such times, in such amounts and on such terms as may be determined by the Board of Trustees, in its sole discretion. In determining whether the Fund should offer to repurchase Shares, the Board of Trustees will consider the recommendations of the Adviser as to the timing and amount of such an offer, as well as a variety of operational, business and economic factors. Beginning no later than the first full calendar quarter following the date the Fund commences operations, the Adviser currently expects that, generally, it will recommend to the Board of Trustees that the Fund offer to repurchase Shares from shareholders quarterly, with such repurchases to be offered at the Fund’s net asset value per share as of March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, as applicable. Each repurchase offer will generally commence at least 20 business days prior to the applicable repurchase date. There can be no assurance that the Board of Trustees will approve the Adviser’s recommendation that the Fund repurchase Shares. | |
If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by shareholders who tender Shares, the Fund will repurchase a pro rata portion by value of the Shares tendered by each shareholder, extend the repurchase offer, or take any other action with respect to the repurchase offer permitted by applicable law. The Fund also has the right to repurchase all of a shareholder’s Shares at any time if the aggregate value of such shareholder’s Shares is, at the time of such compulsory repurchase, less than the minimum initial investment applicable for the Fund. In addition, the Fund has the right to repurchase Shares of shareholders if the Fund determines that the repurchase is in the best interest of the Fund or upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust. | |
In general, the Fund will not be able to dispose of its investment in CLO securities except through secondary transactions with third parties, which may occur at a significant discount to NAV and which may not be available at any given time. The Fund may need to suspend or postpone repurchase offers if it is not able to dispose of its interests in CLO securities in a timely manner or otherwise fund the share repurchase offer. See “Repurchases of Shares.” |
Summary of Taxation |
The Fund intends to qualify to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. For each taxable year that the Fund so qualifies, the Fund will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income and gains that it distributes as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Fund shareholders. The Fund intends to distribute its income and gains in a way that it should not be subject to an entity-level income tax on certain undistributed amounts. These distributions generally will be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains to the shareholders, whether or not they are reinvested in Shares. U.S. federally tax-exempt investors generally will not recognize unrelated business taxable income with respect to an investment in Shares as long as they do not borrow to make such investment.
If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC or fails to distribute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally of an amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of its net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains to shareholders in any taxable year, the Fund would be subject to tax as an ordinary corporation on its taxable income (even if such income and gains were distributed to its shareholders) and all distributions out of earnings and profits to shareholders generally would be characterized as ordinary dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, incur substantial entity-level taxes and make certain distributions (which could be subject to interest charges) before requalifying for taxation as a RIC. |
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A shareholder that is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income as a result of an exemption accorded under Section 501 of the Code generally will not be subject to tax on amounts distributed to it by the Fund, provided that such shareholder’s acquisition of its Shares is not debt-financed within the meaning of Section 514 of the Code. The Fund will inform shareholders of the amount and character of its distributions to shareholders. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters.” |
ERISA Plans and Similar Tax-Exempt Entities | Investors subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) or Section 4975 of the Code, including employee benefit plans, individual retirement accounts (each, an “IRA”), and 401(k) and Keogh Plans may purchase Shares. Because the Fund will be registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” of such plans investing in the Fund for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and the Code. Thus, the Adviser will not be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA with respect to the assets of any ERISA Plan (as defined below) that becomes a shareholder, solely as a result of the ERISA Plan’s investment in the Fund. See “ERISA Considerations.” |
Reports to Shareholders | The Fund furnishes to shareholders as soon as practicable after the end of each calendar year information on Form 1099-DIV or Form 1099-B, as appropriate, and as required by law, to assist the shareholders in preparing their tax returns. The Fund prepares, and transmits or makes available to shareholders, an unaudited semi-annual and an audited annual report within 60 days after the close of the period for which the report is being made, or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act. |
Term | The Fund’s term is perpetual unless the offering is terminated due to executing a liquidity event or the Fund is otherwise terminated under the terms of the Fund’s organizational documents. |
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor in Shares will bear directly or indirectly. The expenses shown in the table under “Annual Fund Expenses” are estimated based on projected amounts for the Fund’s first full year of operations and assume that the Fund (i) raises approximately $106.4 million in gross equity proceeds in the one-year period beginning following the date the Fund is declared effective by the SEC, resulting in estimated net assets of approximately $98.4 million at period end (assuming no changes in asset values); and (ii) incurs leverage in an amount equal to 25% of the Fund’s total assets (as determined immediately after the leverage is incurred). Actual expenses will depend on the number of Shares the Fund sells in this offering and the amount of leverage the Fund employs, if any. Whenever this prospectus contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “us” or “Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund,” or that “we” will pay fees or expenses, our Shareholders will indirectly bear such fees or expenses.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (as a percentage of the offering price): | ||||
Sales load | 6.00 | %(1) | ||
Distribution reinvestment plan fees(2) | None | |||
Annual Fund Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to Shares): | ||||
Base management fee | 2.33 | %(3) | ||
Incentive fees | — | %(4) | ||
Interest payments on borrowed funds | 1.00 | %(5) | ||
Other expenses | 2.50 | %(6) | ||
Total annual expenses | 5.83 | % |
(1) | Investors purchasing Shares may be charged a sales load of up to 6.0% of the investment amount. The table assumes the maximum sales load is charged. The Dealer Manager and/or a Selling Agent may, in its discretion, waive all or a portion of the sales load for certain investors. See “Plan of Distribution.” |
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(2) | Each holder of at least one full Share will be able to opt-in to our distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”). The expenses of administering the DRIP are included in “Other expenses.” See “Distribution Reinvestment Plan.” |
(3) | Our base management fee is calculated monthly and payable quarterly in arrears at an annual rate equal to 1.75% of our Managed Assets at the end of the most recently completed calendar month, provided, that, if the Fund calculates its net asset value more frequently than monthly, the Base Management Fee shall be calculated on the same frequency as the net asset value is calculated. “Managed Assets” means our total assets (including assets attributable to our use of leverage) minus the sum of our accrued liabilities (other than liabilities incurred for the purpose of creating leverage). See “Management — Management Fee and Incentive Fee.” Our base management fee amount in the table above is greater than 1.75% because it is computed as a percentage of the Fund’s net assets for presentation therein pursuant to SEC requirements. |
(4) | We have agreed to pay the Adviser as compensation under the Investment Advisory Agreement a quarterly incentive fee equal to 20% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for the immediately preceding quarter, subject to a hurdle of 2.00% (8.00% annualized) of our NAV and a catch-up feature. Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes accrued income that we have not yet received in cash. No incentive fees are payable to the Adviser in respect of any capital gains. |
The incentive fee in each calendar quarter is paid to the Adviser as follows:
· | no incentive fee in any calendar quarter in which our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed the hurdle of 2.00% (8.00% annualized) of our NAV; |
· | 100% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle but is less than 2.50% (10.00% annualized) of our NAV in any calendar quarter. We refer to this portion of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (which exceeds the hurdle but is less than 2.50% (10.00% annualized) of our NAV) as the “catch-up.” The “catch-up” is meant to provide the Adviser with 20% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if a hurdle did not apply if this net investment income meets or exceeds 2.50% (10.00% annualized) of our NAV in any calendar quarter; and |
· | 20% of the amount of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds 2.50% (10.00% annualized) of our NAV in any calendar quarter is payable to the Adviser (that is, once the hurdle is reached and the catch-up is achieved, 20% of all Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income thereafter is paid to the Adviser). |
For a more detailed discussion of the calculation of this fee, see “Management — Management Fee and Incentive Fee.”
(5) | “Interest payments on borrowed funds” assumes the use of a credit facility or the incurrence of other indebtedness in an amount up to 25% of our total assets (as determined immediately before the leverage is incurred) with a projected interest rate expense of 3.0%, which is based on comparable financing facilities with a similar borrower profile. |
(6) | “Other expenses” includes our overhead expenses, including payments under the Administration Agreement based on our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by Eagle Point Administration and payment of fees in connection with outsourced administrative functions, and are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. See “Management — The Administrator.” “Other expenses” also includes the ongoing administrative expenses to the independent accountants and legal counsel of the Fund, compensation of Independent Trustees, transfer agent costs, organizational and offering costs, and cost and expenses relating to rating agencies. |
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EXAMPLE:
The following example is furnished in response to the requirements of the SEC and illustrates the various costs and expenses that you would pay, directly or indirectly, on a $1,000 investment in Shares for the time periods indicated, assuming (1) total annual expenses of 5.83% of net assets attributable to our Shares and (2) a 5% annual return*:
1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | |||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return | $137 | $243 | $347 | $607 |
* | The example should not be considered a representation of future returns or expenses, and actual returns and expenses may be greater or less than those shown. The example assumes that the estimated “other expenses” set forth in the Annual Fund Expenses table are accurate, and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV. In addition, because the example assumes a 5% annual return, the example does not reflect the payment of the incentive fee which would either not be payable or would have an insignificant impact on the expense amounts shown above. Our actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example. |
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Because the Fund is newly organized and its Shares have not previously been offered, the Fund does not have any financial history as of the date of this prospectus. Additional information about the Fund’s investments will be available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports when they are prepared.
We are an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act. As a registered closed-end management investment company, we are required to meet certain regulatory tests. See “Regulation as a Closed-End Management Investment Company.” In addition, we intend to elect to be treated, and to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, commencing with our tax year ending on November 30, 2022.
Our investment activities are managed by the Adviser and supervised by our Board of Trustees. Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to pay the Adviser an annual base management fee based on our Managed Assets as well as an incentive fee based on our “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income.” See “Management — Management Fee and Incentive Fee.” We have also entered into an administration agreement, which we refer to as the “Administration Agreement,” under which we have agreed to reimburse the Administrator for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement. See “Management.”
Unless otherwise specified in this prospectus, we intend to use the proceeds from the sale of our securities pursuant to this prospectus to acquire investments in accordance with our investment objectives and strategies described in this prospectus, to make distributions to our Shareholders and for general working capital purposes. In addition, we may also use all or a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of our securities to repay any outstanding indebtedness or preferred stock at the time of the offering, if applicable.
We currently anticipate that it will generally take approximately three to six months after the receipt of proceeds from the offering of securities to invest substantially all of the net proceeds of the offering in our targeted investments or otherwise utilize such proceeds, although such period may vary and depends on the size of the offering and the availability of appropriate investment opportunities consistent with our investment objectives and market conditions. We cannot assure you we will achieve our targeted investment pace, which may negatively impact our returns. Until appropriate investments or other uses can be found, we will invest in temporary investments, such as cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less, which we expect will have returns substantially lower than the returns that we anticipate earning from investments in CLO securities and related investments. Investors should expect, therefore, that before we have fully invested the proceeds of the offering in accordance with our investment objectives and strategies, our income may not exceed our expenses. To the extent that the net proceeds from an offering have not been fully invested in accordance with our investment objectives and strategies, a portion of the proceeds may be used to pay distribution and may represent a return of capital.
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund is an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act.
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Investment Objectives and Strategies
Our primary investment objective is to generate high current income, with a secondary objective to generate capital appreciation. We seek to achieve our investment objectives by investing primarily in equity and junior debt tranches of CLOs, that are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of below investment grade U.S. senior secured loans with a large number of distinct underlying borrowers across various industry sectors. We may also invest in other related securities and instruments or other securities and instruments that the Adviser believes are consistent with our investment objectives, including senior debt tranches of CLOs, loan accumulation facilities, securities issued by other securitization vehicles (such as credit-linked notes, CBOs, and revolver CLOs), senior secured loans and corporate bonds. Loan accumulation facilities are short- to medium-term facilities often provided by the bank that will serve as the placement agent or arranger on a CLO transaction. Loan accumulation facilities typically incur leverage between four and six times prior to a CLO’s pricing. The amount that we will invest in other securities and instruments, which may include investments in debt and other securities issued by CLOs collateralized by non-U.S. loans and securities of other collective investment vehicles, will vary from time to time and, as such, may constitute a material part of our portfolio on any given date, all as based on the Adviser’s assessment of prevailing market conditions. Over the long term and under normal market conditions, management expects 60-80% of the Fund’s investment portfolio to be comprised of CLO equity investments and the balance to be comprised of CLO debt, corporate loans/bonds and other comparable investments consistent with our investment objectives. The CLO securities in which we primarily seek to invest are rated below investment grade or, in the case of CLO equity securities, are unrated, and are considered speculative with respect to timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. Unrated and below investment grade securities are also sometimes referred to as “junk” securities. In addition, the CLO equity and junior debt securities in which we invest are highly leveraged (with CLO equity securities typically being leveraged approximately ten times), which significantly magnifies our risk of loss on such investments.
The Adviser’s investment strategy seeks to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for Fund investors.
· | Attractive Underlying Assets: First lien, floating rate U.S. senior secured loans (the underlying collateral of U.S. CLOs) have demonstrated strength and consistency through multiple economic cycles, as measured by yield, total return, default rate, and recovery rate. Senior secured loans to U.S. corporate borrowers have generated positive returns in 28 of the last 30 years (according to the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index); |
· | Resilient CLO Structure: CLOs are designed to offer dynamic loan portfolio management and long-term, committed and non-Mark-to-Market financing; |
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· | Specialist Investment Adviser Dedicated to CLO Investing: The Adviser has significant expertise in CLO investing, including 55 years of combined CLO industry experience among the Senior Investment Team and differentiated origination, due diligence, structuring and portfolio management techniques. The Adviser managed 38 funds and separate accounts with a total of $4.5 billion of assets under management (including capital commitments that were undrawn) dedicated to investing in CLO equity and debt tranches as of December 31, 2021; |
· | Strong Historical Performance of CLO Equity and Debt Investments: CLO equity investments have historically generated relatively high total returns in an intermediate to long term investment horizon. Spreads on CLO bonds have generally been wider than corporate bonds with comparable ratings and, specifically, spreads on BB-rated CLO debt have exceeded those of BB-rated corporate bonds by the greatest margin relative to other debt rating categories historically. Historical defaults are also lower for CLO bonds compared to corporate bonds. CLO equity and debt are highly levered, volatile, and may suffer significant losses. Many of the statistics and data noted in this prospectus relate to historical periods when market conditions were, in some cases, materially different than they are as of the date of this prospectus; and |
· | Access to Institutional Investments: The Fund provides access to sophisticated investments that have historically only been available to institutional investors. |
Senior Secured Loan Overview
Senior secured loans represent a large and mature segment of the U.S. corporate credit market. According to S&P LCD, as of December 31, 2021, the amount of institutional senior secured loans outstanding in the S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index was $1.3 trillion.
Broadly syndicated senior secured loans are typically originated and structured by banks on behalf of corporate borrowers with proceeds often used for leveraged buyout transactions, mergers and acquisitions, recapitalizations, refinancings, and financing capital expenditures. Broadly syndicated senior secured loans are typically distributed by the arranging bank to a diverse group of investors primarily consisting of CLOs, loan and high yield bond registered funds, loan separate accounts, banks, insurance companies, finance companies and hedge funds. CLOs have historically been the largest investor in senior secured loans, with market share ranging from 40% to greater than 70% and an average of 60% since 2002 through December 2021.
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We believe that senior secured loans represent an attractive and stable base of collateral for CLOs. In particular, the primary attributes of senior secured loans include:
· | Senior and secured: Senior position in a company’s capital structure with a first lien security interest in a company’s assets. Such seniority and first lien over other lenders have historically yielded a higher recovery rate than other subordinate loans and bonds. According to Moody’s, senior secured loans have generated higher recovery rates than each of (i) senior secured bonds, (ii) senior unsecured bonds, and (iii) subordinated bonds from 1987 through 2020. |
· | Floating Rate: Potential for upside as interest rates rise. |
· | Low LTV: In general, senior secured loans have a loan-to-value ratio of approximately 40% to 60% at the time of origination based on a borrower’s assessed enterprise value (typically based on market values as determined in an acquisition, by the public in the case of publicly traded companies, or by private market multiples and other valuation methodologies in the case of private companies). |
· | Liquidity: As a result of the syndication process managed by bank arrangers, there is an active secondary market for senior secured loans. Over the last 12 months ending October 2021, secondary trading of senior secured loans volume exceeded $750 billion according to the LSTA. |
The table below depicts a representative capital structure for a typical company issuing a senior secured loan and illustrates the cushion provided by subordinated debt capital and equity. The actual capital structure of any particular borrower may vary.
Representative Capital Structure:
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Over time, the U.S. senior secured loan market has experienced relatively consistent total returns. From a total return perspective, over the last 30 years beginning in 1992, the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index experienced only two down full calendar years (2008 and 2015). In 2021, the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index was up 5.4%.(1)
Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index (“CSLLI”) Annual Total Return1 |
(1) | The CSLLI tracks the investable universe of the US dollar-denominated leveraged loan market. The performance of an index is not an exact representation of any particular investment, as you cannot invest directly in an index. Similarly, since 1992, from a total return perspective, the S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index experienced only two down years (2008 and 2015 with returns of -28.8% and -0.4%, respectively). The S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index is a market value-weighted index designed to measure the performance of the U.S. leveraged loan market based upon weightings, spreads and interest payment. |
We believe that the historical performance of CLO securities is attributable, in part, to (i) the relatively low historical average default rate and (ii) relatively high historical average recovery rate of senior secured loans, which comprise the vast majority of most CLO portfolios.
Based on S&P LCD data, senior secured loans have experienced a 2.8% LTM default rate since 1998.
Loan Trailing 12-Month Default Rate |
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Senior secured loans have experienced lower default rates and higher recoveries than high yield bonds on average since the data has been tracked, historically. According to J.P. Morgan, senior secured loans have experienced a 2.01% default rate compared to 2.39% for high yield bonds on average over the past 10 years. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We are subject to risks associated with defaults on an underlying asset held by a CLO.”
Senior secured first lien loans have a first priority pledge of the assets of the borrower. Such seniority over other lenders has historically yielded a higher recovery rate than other subordinate loans and bonds. According to Moody’s Investor Service, the average recovery rate of senior loans during the period from 1987 to 2020 was 72.6% as compared to 61.4% for senior secured bonds, 46.9% for senior unsecured bonds, and 27.9% for subordinated debt. Historical default and recovery rates are not necessarily indicative of recovery rates in future periods. The table below compares the recovery rates of senior loans to other debt instruments.
Debt Type | 1987-2020 Recoveries | |||
Senior Loans (1) | 72.6 | % | ||
Senior Secured Bonds | 61.4 | % | ||
Senior Unsecured Bonds | 46.9 | % | ||
Subordinated Bonds | 27.9 | % |
(1) | Source: Moody’s Investor Services Default Trends – Global (January 2021). Senior Loans include first lien, second lien and unsecured term loans. In 2020, 15% of the senior loans were second lien and the remaining 85% were first lien term loans. |
CLO Overview
We intend to invest primarily in equity and junior debt tranches of CLOs. The CLOs that we primarily target are securitization vehicles that pool portfolios of primarily U.S. first lien, floating rate senior secured loans that are rated below investment grade. Such pools of underlying assets are often referred to as CLO “collateral.” While the vast majority of the portfolio of most CLOs consists of senior secured loans, many CLOs enable the CLO collateral manager to invest up to 10% of the portfolio in assets that are not first lien senior secured loans, including second lien loans, unsecured loans, senior secured bonds and senior unsecured bonds. CLOs have historically been the largest investor in senior secured loans, with market share ranging from 40% to greater than 70% and an average of 60% since 2002 through December 2021.
CLOs are generally required to hold a portfolio of assets that is highly diversified by underlying borrower and industry and that is subject to a variety of asset concentration limitations. Most CLOs are non-static, revolving structures that generally allow for reinvestment over a specific period of time (the “reinvestment period,” which is typically up to five years). The terms and covenants of a typical CLO structure are, with certain exceptions, based primarily on the cash flow generated by, and the par value (as opposed to the market price) of, the collateral. These covenants include collateral coverage tests, interest coverage tests and collateral quality tests.
A CLO funds the purchase of a portfolio of primarily senior secured loans via the issuance of CLO securities in the form of multiple, primarily floating-rate, debt tranches. The CLO debt tranches typically are rated “AAA” (or its equivalent) at the most senior level down to “BB” or “B” (or its equivalent), which is below investment grade, at the junior level by Moody’s, S&P and/or Fitch. The interest rate on the CLO debt tranches is the lowest at the AAA-level and generally increases at each level down the rating scale. The CLO equity tranche is unrated and typically represents approximately 8% to 11% of a CLO’s capital structure. The diagram below is for illustrative purposes only and highlights a hypothetical structure intended to depict a typical CLO in the market. A minority of CLOs also include a B-rated debt tranche (in which we may invest) and the structure of CLOs in which we invest may otherwise vary from the example set forth below. The left column represents the CLO’s assets, which support the liabilities and equity in the right column. The right column shows the various classes of equity and debt issued by the hypothetical CLO in order of seniority as to rights in payments from the assets. The percentage ranges appearing below the rating of each class represents the percent such class comprises of the overall “capital stack” (i.e., total equity and debt issued by the CLO).
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CLOs have two priority-of-payment schedules (commonly called “waterfalls”), which are detailed in a CLO’s indenture and govern how cash generated from a CLO’s underlying collateral is distributed to the CLO’s equity and debt investors. One waterfall (the interest waterfall) applies to interest payments received on a CLO’s underlying collateral. The second waterfall (the principal waterfall) applies to cash generated from principal on the underlying collateral, primarily through loan repayments and the proceeds from loan sales or maturities. Through the interest waterfall, any excess interest-related cash flow available after the required quarterly interest payments to CLO debt investors are made and certain CLO expenses (such as administration and collateral management fees) are paid is then distributed to the CLO’s equity investors each quarter, subject to compliance with certain tests.
The Adviser believes that excess interest-related cash flow is an important driver of CLO equity returns. In addition, relative to certain other high-yielding credit investments such as mezzanine or subordinated debt, CLO equity is expected to have a shorter payback period with higher front-end loaded quarterly cash flows during the early years of a CLO’s life if there is no disruption in the interest waterfall due to a failure to remain in compliance with certain tests.
A CLO’s indenture typically requires that the maturity dates of a CLO’s assets (typically five to seven years from the date of issuance of a senior secured loan) be shorter than the maturity date of the CLO’s liabilities (typically 12 to 13 years from the date of issuance). However, CLO investors do face reinvestment risk with respect to a CLO’s underlying portfolio. In addition, in most CLO transactions, CLO debt investors are subject to prepayment risk in that the holders of a majority of the equity tranche can direct a call or refinancing of a CLO, which would cause the CLO’s outstanding CLO debt securities to be repaid at par. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We and our investments are subject to reinvestment risk.”
Most CLOs are non-static, revolving structures that generally allow for reinvestment over a specific period of time (“reinvestment period,” which is typically up to five years). Specifically, a CLO’s collateral manager normally has broad latitude — within a specified set of asset eligibility and diversity criteria — to manage and modify a CLO’s portfolio over time. We believe that skilled CLO collateral managers can add significant value to both CLO equity and debt investors through a combination of their credit expertise and a strong understanding of how to manage effectively within the rules-based structure of a CLO and optimize CLO equity returns.
After the CLO’s reinvestment period has ended, in accordance with the CLO’s principal waterfall, cash generated from principal payments or other proceeds are generally distributed to repay CLO debt investors in order of seniority. That is, the AAA tranche investors are repaid first, the AA tranche investors second and so on, with any remaining principal being distributed to the equity tranche investors. In certain instances, principal may be reinvested after the end of the reinvestment period. The Adviser believes this is generally beneficial to holders of the CLO’s equity.
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CLOs contain a variety of structural features and covenants that are designed to enhance the credit protection of CLO debt investors, including overcollateralization tests and interest coverage tests. The overcollateralization tests and interest coverage tests require CLOs to maintain certain levels of overcollateralization (measured as par value of assets to liabilities subject to certain adjustments) and interest coverage, respectively. If a CLO breaches an overcollateralization test or interest coverage test, excess interest-related cash flow that would otherwise be available for distribution to the CLO equity tranche investors is diverted to prepay CLO debt investors in order of seniority until such time as the covenant breach is cured. If the covenant breach is not or cannot be cured, the CLO equity investors (and potentially other debt tranche investors) may experience a deferral of cash flow or a partial or total loss of their investment, and/or the CLO may eventually experience an event of default. For this reason, CLO equity investors are often referred to as being in a first loss position. The Adviser will have no control over whether or not the CLO is able to satisfy its relevant interest coverage tests or overcollateralization tests.
CLOs also typically have interest diversion tests, which also act to ensure that CLOs maintain adequate overcollateralization. If a CLO breaches an interest diversion test, excess interest-related cash flow that would otherwise be available for distribution to the CLO equity tranche investors is partially diverted to acquire new loan collateral until the test is satisfied. Such diversion would lead to payments to the equity investors being delayed and/or reduced.
Cash flow CLOs do not have mark-to-market triggers and, with limited exceptions (such as the proportion of assets rated “CCC+” or lower (or their equivalent) by which such assets exceed a specified concentration limit, discounted purchases and defaulted assets), CLO covenants are generally calculated using the par value of collateral, not the market value or purchase price. As a result, a decrease in the market price of a CLO’s performing collateral portfolio does not generally result in a requirement for the CLO collateral manager to sell assets (i.e., no forced sales) or for CLO equity investors to contribute additional capital (i.e., no margin calls).
On a monthly basis, the trustee of each CLO prepares and distributes a report to all investors in the CLO entity. The trustee report includes a summary of all of the transaction activity and a detailed list of each individual investment within the CLO. The trustee report also provides all of the calculations for the collateral concentration limits/covenants, collateral quality tests, overcollateralization tests, interest diversion test, payments made by the underlying collateral to the CLO and payments due to the CLO investors. The trustee arranges the payments to the CLO investors in accordance with the terms of the CLO’s indenture.
The graphic below illustrates an example of a CLO’s interest waterfall.
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CLO Equity Market Opportunity
We believe that the CLO market is a large and attractive market. According to Refinitiv, as of December 31, 2021, the aggregate principal balance of the U.S. CLO market was approximately $883 billion based on a universe of 1,967 CLOs.
U.S. CLOs Outstanding |
Source: Refinitive Leverage Loan Monthly, as of December 31, 2021.
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As CLO securities are somewhat complex and because most professional investors do not have the requisite experience, skills and resources in-house to devote to fully understanding the asset class, many investors have little to no exposure to CLO securities. We believe knowledgeable and experienced investors with specialized expertise in CLO securities, such as our Adviser, can earn an attractive risk-adjusted return and outperform the CLO market generally.
We believe that CLO equity has the following attractive fundamental attributes:
· | Strength of underlying assets (collateral): Historical performance demonstrates the consistency and stability of first lien, floating rate U.S. senior secured bank loans. Senior secured loans to large U.S. corporate borrowers have generated positive returns in 28 of the last 30 years (according to the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index). |
· | Potential for strong absolute and risk-adjusted returns: We believe that CLO equity offers a potential total return profile that is attractive on a risk-adjusted basis compared to U.S. public equity markets over the long-term. |
· | Expected shorter duration high-yielding credit investment with the potential for high quarterly cash distributions: Relative to certain other high-yielding credit investments such as mezzanine or subordinated debt, CLO equity is expected to have a shorter payback period with higher front-end loaded quarterly cash flows during the early years of a CLO’s life. |
· | Expected protection against rising interest rates: Since a CLO’s asset portfolio is typically comprised principally of floating rate loans and the CLO’s liabilities are also generally floating rate instruments, we expect CLO equity to provide potential protection against rising interest rates when the applicable benchmark rate is above the applicable interest rate floor on a CLO’s assets. However, our investments are still subject to other forms of interest rate risk. For a discussion of the interest rate risks associated with our investments, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We and our investments are subject to interest rate risk” and “— CLO Overview.” |
· | Expected low-to-moderate correlation with fixed income and equity markets: Given that CLO assets and liabilities are primarily floating rate, we expect CLO equity investments to have a low-to-moderate correlation with U.S. fixed income securities over the long term. In addition, because CLOs generally allow for the reinvestment of principal during the reinvestment period regardless of the market price of the underlying collateral if the respective CLO remains in compliance with its covenants, we expect CLO equity investments to have a low-to-moderate correlation with the U.S. equity markets over the long term. |
· | Strength of CLO balance sheet: Long term (~12 year) committed financing collateralized by shorter duration assets with no mark-to-market triggers. |
CLO Debt Market Opportunity
We pursue a differentiated strategy within the CLO debt market premised upon our Adviser’s strong emphasis on assessing the skill of CLO collateral managers and analyzing the structure of a CLO.
In addition to benefiting from mandatory levels of diversification and concentration limits within the underlying senior secured loan portfolio, CLO debt benefits from structural features and covenants that are designed to enhance its credit protection. Specifically, CLO debt benefits from the following key forms of credit enhancement:
· | Overcollateralization: At a CLO’s inception, the par or principal value of the loan collateral exceeds the principal amount of the CLO debt outstanding (i.e., the CLO debt is “overcollateralized” by the loan collateral). This overcollateralization provides a cushion against potential future credit losses. |
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· | Excess Spread: Since the weighted average spread on a CLO’s loan collateral exceeds the weighted average spread on the CLO debt, this excess spread (which is the source of the excess interest-related cash flow for CLO equity investors) serves as a source of credit enhancement for CLO debt investors. Specifically, if a CLO breaches an interest diversion test, an overcollateralization test, or interest coverage test, all or a portion of this excess interest-related cash flow is diverted away from the CLO equity tranche to the benefit of CLO debt tranches and is either used to acquire additional loan collateral or to prepay CLO debt in order of seniority, both of which have the impact of bringing the CLO closer to compliance with these tests. |
· | Non-Static, Revolving Structure: The structure of CLOs enables the CLO collateral manager to take advantage of periods of market dislocations and loan price volatility by re-investing principal proceeds from loan repayments and sales into loans at lower prices and wider spreads. This can enable skilled CLO collateral managers to mitigate credit losses and improve loan portfolios. |
In the Adviser’s opinion, these “self-correcting” features of CLOs offer a margin of safety for CLO debt investors and have contributed to the low historical default rate on CLO debt.
As CLO securities are somewhat complex, we believe knowledgeable and experienced investors with specialized CLO market experience can earn attractive risk-adjusted returns and have the potential to outperform the CLO market generally.
We believe BB-rated CLO debt has the following attractive fundamental attributes:
· | Expected protection against rising interest rates: Similar to the senior secured loans that serve as the underlying collateral for CLOs, BB-rated CLO debt is a floating rate security that pays interest based on a benchmark rate (e.g., 3-month LIBOR or SOFR) plus a spread and, as a result, is expected to have lower interest rate risk than high yield bonds, which are fixed income securities, in a rising interest rate environment. However, our investments are subject to other forms of interest rate risk. |
· | Potential for higher returns: Due in part to the relative inefficiency of the BB-rated CLO debt market as compared to the markets for corporate bonds, we believe that BB-rated CLO debt offers a potential return that compares favorably to that of corporate bonds. As illustrated below, spreads on CLO debt securities are generally wider than corporate bonds with comparable ratings and, specifically, spreads on BB-rated CLO debt exceed those of BB-rated corporate bonds by the greatest margin relative to other debt rating categories. |
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Spread Comparison: CLO Debt vs. Corporate Bonds |
Source: ICE-BAML, Palmer Square, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research.
· | Potential for low credit expense: According to S&P Global Ratings, CLOs have historically experienced a lower default rate than comparable corporate debt. As of December 2020, the difference between the CLO default rate and default rate of corporate debt with the same ratings was over 500 basis points. The Adviser believes that the “self-correcting” structural features associated with CLO structures offer a margin of safety for CLO debt investors and have contributed to the low historical default rate on CLO debt. |
Annual Default Rates: CLOs vs. High Yield Corporate Debt
Source: S&P Global Ratings Research. High Yield defined as rated BB+ or below.
In addition to investing in BB-rated CLO debt, we may invest in other junior debt tranches of CLOs, senior debt tranches of CLOs and other related securities and instruments.
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While we believe that CLO securities have certain attractive fundamental attributes, such securities are subject to a number of risks as discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus. Many of the statistics and data noted in this prospectus relate to historical periods when market conditions were, in some cases, materially different than they are as of the date of this prospectus. As with other asset classes, market conditions and dynamics for senior secured loans and CLO securities evolve over time. For example, over the past decade, the senior secured loan market has evolved from one in which covenant-lite loans represented a minority of the market to one in which such loans represent a significant majority of the market. In addition, the recent strong demand for floating rate assets, including senior secured loans, has contributed toward more borrower friendly credit agreements in general and an increase in the percentage of loan transactions which permit borrowers to make adjustments to their earnings, referred to in the market as “EBITDA adjustments”, when assessing compliance with financial covenants. Similarly, while we generally believe the structural and protective features of CLOs to be beneficial to investors in CLO securities in the current market, the recent strong demand for floating rate assets such as CLO securities could contribute to the weakening of protections for such investors in the future. In addition, such increased demand could result in CLO security pricing and CLO transaction economics varying from what they had been historically in markets where demand for floating rate assets was not as strong. The impact of current trends in the markets for senior secured loans and CLO securities or future developments in those markets is not certain and such trends or developments could lead to outcomes that are not consistent with the historical information described in this prospectus.
Eagle Point Credit Management CLO Investment Strategy
The Adviser has been executing on comparable CLO investment strategies since 2012. We believe that the Adviser’s direct and often longstanding relationships with CLO collateral managers, its CLO structural expertise and its relative scale in the CLO market will enable us to source and execute investments with attractive economics and terms relative to other CLO opportunities.
When we make a significant primary market investment in a particular CLO tranche, we generally expect to be able to influence the CLO’s key terms and conditions. In particular, the Adviser believes that the protective rights associated with holding a majority position in a CLO equity tranche (such as the ability to call the CLO after the non-call period, to refinance/reprice certain CLO debt tranches after a period of time and to influence potential amendments to the governing documents of the CLO) may reduce our risk in these investments and/or enhance an investment’s potential return. We may acquire a majority position in a CLO tranche directly or we may benefit from the advantages of a majority position where both we and other accounts managed by the Adviser collectively hold a majority position, subject to any restrictions on our ability to invest alongside such other accounts. See “— Other Investment Techniques — Co-Investment with Affiliates.”
We seek to construct a portfolio of CLO securities that provides varied exposure across a number of key categories, including:
· | number and investment style of CLO collateral managers who we believe to be the top performers |
· | CLO vintage period |
· | number of borrowers underlying each CLO; and |
· | industry type of a CLO’s underlying borrowers. |
The Adviser has a track record of constructing diversified portfolios of aforementioned categories in other funds and accounts managed by the Adviser. The Adviser has a long-term investment horizon and invests primarily with a buy-and-hold mentality. However, on an ongoing basis, the Adviser actively monitors each investment and may sell positions if circumstances change from the time of investment or if the Adviser believes it is in our best interest to do so.
The strategy will aim to keep the Fund substantially invested and to minimize cash drag where possible by making commitments based on anticipated future distributions from investments. The strategy will also take other anticipated cash flows into account, such as those relating to new subscriptions, the tender of Shares by Shareholders and any distributions made to Shareholders. To forecast portfolio cash flows, the Adviser will utilize a proprietary model that incorporates historical data, actual portfolio observations, insights from the Fund and forecasts by the Adviser.
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We seek to make investments in the primary and secondary markets. In the primary CLO market (i.e., acquiring securities at the inception of a CLO), we seek to invest in CLO securities that the Adviser believes have the potential to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns and to outperform other similar CLO securities issued within the respective vintage period. In the secondary CLO market (i.e., acquiring existing CLO securities), we seek to invest in CLO securities that the Adviser believes have the potential to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns.
The Adviser pursues a differentiated strategy within the CLO market focused on:
· | proactive and proprietary sourcing and identification of investment opportunities; |
· | utilization of the Adviser’s methodical investment analysis and due diligence process; |
· | active involvement at the CLO structuring and formation stage; and |
· | taking, in many instances, significant stakes in CLO equity and junior debt tranches. |
Our Competitive Advantages
We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of investment opportunities in CLO securities and related investments due to the following competitive advantages:
· | Adviser’s track record investing in CLO securities. Since its inception, the Adviser has focused on investing in CLO securities and related investments. Each member of the Senior Investment Team is a CLO specialist who has been involved with the CLO market for the majority of his career and brings a distinct and complementary skill set that the Adviser believes is necessary for our success. The Adviser has managed $12.2 billion in gross investments in CLO securities since its inception. The Adviser managed 38 funds and separate accounts with a total of $4.5 billion of assets under management (including capital commitments that were undrawn) dedicated to investing in CLO equity and debt tranches as of December 31, 2021. The Adviser and its affiliates have over $200 million invested in strategies, including non-CLO strategies, managed by the Adviser. |
· | Deep CLO structural experience and expertise. Members of the Senior Investment Team have significant experience structuring, valuing and investing in CLOs throughout their careers. The Adviser believes that the initial structuring of a CLO investment is an important contributor to the ultimate risk-adjusted returns, and that experienced and knowledgeable investors can add meaningful value relative to other market participants by identifying investments with more protective and advantageous structures (or negotiating such features in connection with primary investments). |
· | Methodical investment process. The goal of the Adviser’s investment process is to source, evaluate and execute investments in CLO securities and related investments that the Adviser believes have the potential to outperform the CLO market or the applicable market of such related investments, respectively, generally over the long term. This process, augmented by the first-hand CLO industry experience of the Adviser’s Senior Investment Team, is designed to be repeatable and is focused on key areas for analysis that the Adviser believes are most relevant to potential future performance. Our Adviser believes that its investment and security selection process, with its strong emphasis on assessing the skill of the CLO collateral manager and analyzing the structure of a CLO, differentiates its approach to investing in CLO securities. See “— Investment Process.” |
· | Proactive investment sourcing. As specialists in the CLO market, members of the Senior Investment Team have developed relationships with many CLO collateral managers and, as such, the Adviser believes that it is viewed as an important market participant. We believe our Adviser’s relative size and prominence in the CLO market and the Senior Investment Team’s broad and often longstanding relationships with CLO collateral managers and arranging banks benefit us by enhancing our ability to source investments in their early stages and to execute investments in CLO securities. Since inception in 2012 through December 31, 2021, the Adviser has invested in over 700 CLO vehicles. |
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· | Efficient vehicle for gaining exposure to CLO securities. We believe that we are structured as an efficient vehicle for investors to gain exposure to CLO securities and related investments, which typically have historically only been available to institutional investors. We believe our closed-end fund structure allows the Adviser to take a long-term view from a portfolio management perspective without the uncertainty posed by daily redemptions in an open-end fund structure. As such, the Adviser can focus principally on maximizing long-term risk-adjusted returns for the benefit of Shareholders. Moreover, our structure enables us to execute CLO reset transactions which have the effect of extending the life of the investment. In a CLO reset, the CLO’s indenture, which sets forth the terms governing the CLO, is “re-opened” (e.g., the terms of the indenture and the various tranches of the CLO can be re-negotiated). Among other potential benefits, resetting a CLO renews the reinvestment period on the CLO. The Adviser believes that, in certain instances, resetting a CLO can create meaningful value for CLO equity holders. Limited life investment vehicles may be unable to pursue such CLO resets due to the extended life of the investment and because certain CLO resets may require additional equity capital to be invested, which is something limited life investment vehicles may be unable to commit if they are beyond their investment period. |
· | Institutional investment management and administration platform with other CLO funds under management. Investors in the Fund benefit from efficiencies created by the scale of the Adviser’s investment management and administration platform, including co-investments and enhanced negotiating leverage with counterparties. |
Investment Process
The Senior Investment Team regularly sources and evaluates potential investment opportunities in both the primary and secondary market. We believe our Adviser’s investment analysis and due diligence process, which includes a strong emphasis on assessing the skill of CLO collateral managers and analyzing the structure of a CLO differentiates our approach to investing in CLO securities. This process, augmented by the first-hand CLO industry experience of the Senior Investment Team, is designed to be repeatable and is focused on key areas for analysis that the Adviser believes are most relevant to potential future performance.
The Adviser seeks to implement its investment process, described below, in a methodical and disciplined fashion.
Sourcing of Investment Opportunities
The Senior Investment Team maintains regular dialogue with many CLO collateral managers and the investment banks active in the CLO market. Members of the Senior Investment Team have met or conducted calls with the majority of these firms. In addition, members of the Senior Investment Team have longstanding relationships with many CLO collateral managers, some dating back over a decade.
The Adviser takes a partnership approach with CLO collateral managers, seeking to serve as a knowledgeable, value-added and stable long-term capital provider that will invest, in many instances, in scale. The Senior Investment Team’s first-hand relationships with, and knowledge of, CLO collateral managers and their past investment activities and behavior is supplemented by utilizing the Adviser’s and its affiliates’ proprietary systems to analyze key attributes of U.S. cash flow CLOs. We believe our Adviser’s relative size and prominence in the CLO market and the Senior Investment Team’s broad and often longstanding relationships with CLO collateral managers and arranging banks benefit us by enhancing our ability to source investments in their early stages and to execute investments in CLO securities.
Investment Analysis and Due Diligence
The Adviser employs a methodical investment analysis and due diligence process that we believe is more akin to a private equity style investment approach than to the typical process used by many investors in freely tradable fixed income-type securities, such as CLO equity and debt. The Adviser views its investment analysis and due diligence process as broadly being comprised of the following key areas for evaluation: (1) analysis of a CLO collateral manager’s investment strategy and approach, (2) analysis of the quality of a CLO collateral manager and its investment team, (3) analysis of a CLO collateral manager’s historical investment performance (including the analysis of multiple CLO specific metrics with a comparison against each CLO’s quarterly vintage cohort), (4) analysis of the underlying loan collateral, (5) analysis of the particular CLO’s structure, including the negotiation of terms and protections and (6) historic primary and secondary pricing levels of tranches of CLOs managed by a CLO collateral manager.
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The first-hand experience of the Senior Investment Team with, and knowledge of, CLO collateral managers and their past investment activities and behavior provides a strong basis for the Adviser’s due diligence of potential investment opportunities and is further supplemented by the Adviser’s and its affiliates’ proprietary systems that facilitate the analysis of key performance metrics associated with CLOs in the market.
In its investment analysis and due diligence, the Adviser has a “minimize surprises/trust but verify” philosophy which typically includes requesting that prospective CLO collateral managers provide initial due diligence information, the Adviser reviewing historical investment returns based on data provided by third parties and the CLO collateral manager, and/or the utilization of a third-party firm to conduct background checks on the key entities and professionals associated with the CLO collateral manager.
CLO Structural Analysis and Valuation
Members of the Senior Investment Team have significant experience structuring, valuing and investing in CLOs throughout their careers, and the Adviser believes that its knowledge of CLO structures is a core competency and competitive edge. We believe that the initial structuring of a CLO is an important factor in the ultimate risk-adjusted returns, and that experienced and knowledgeable investors can add meaningful value relative to other market participants by selecting those investments with more protective and advantageous structures.
When we make a significant primary market investment in a particular CLO tranche, we generally expect to be able to influence the CLO’s key terms and conditions. In particular, the Adviser believes that the protective rights associated with holding a majority position in a CLO equity tranche (such as the ability to call the CLO after the non-call period, to refinance/reprice certain CLO debt tranches after a period of time and to influence potential amendments to the governing documents that may arise) may reduce our risk in these investments and/or enhance an investment’s potential return. We may acquire a majority position in a CLO tranche directly or we may benefit from the advantages of a majority position where both we and other accounts managed by the Adviser collectively hold a majority position, subject to any restrictions on our ability to invest alongside such other accounts. See “— Other Investment Techniques — Co-Investment with Affiliates.”
Monitoring, Stewardship and Risk Management
Active investment monitoring and stewardship of our investments is a critical component of the Adviser’s risk management and mitigation objectives. Such monitoring and stewardship also contributes to the ongoing due diligence of the CLO collateral managers in the context of existing and potential future investments. From data sourced from CLO trustee reports (which detail each asset in the CLO portfolio as well as any purchases and sales that the CLO collateral manager made during the period) and third-party data sources, the Adviser utilizes its internal proprietary systems (which capture and facilitate the analysis of this data) to review key metrics for each CLO security. In addition, based on the Adviser’s screens and general market intelligence, the Adviser focuses discussions from time to time with CLO collateral managers on particular underlying credits. As part of these discussions, the Adviser also reviews portfolio activity with applicable CLO collateral managers as well as loan and CLO market developments. Additional factors that the Adviser actively monitors, which these discussions help to illuminate, include any shifts in investment strategy, personnel changes or other organizational developments at the CLO collateral manager which may impact future performance.
In addition, the Adviser reviews the quarterly CLO cash distributions received from CLO investments against the Adviser’s expectations. The Adviser has a long-term oriented investment philosophy and seeks to invest primarily with a buy-and-hold mentality, however, the Adviser may sell positions if circumstances have changed from the time of underwriting or if the Adviser deems doing so is in our best interest.
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An important aspect of the Adviser’s monitoring and stewardship involves assessing and potentially executing opportunities to exercise certain rights held in respect of a majority position in a CLO. Specifically, a holder of a majority of the equity tranche of a CLO typically is able to direct a CLO refinancing, reset or call after the expiration of a CLO’s non-call period.
The Adviser seeks to maximize value within our portfolio through CLO refinancings and resets. In a CLO refinancing, typically only the interest rate spread on a CLO’s debt tranches are reduced, and most other terms of the CLO remain unchanged. The reduction of a CLO’s cost of debt accrues to the benefit of the CLO’s equity investors, such as the Fund.
In a CLO reset, the CLO’s indenture, which sets forth the terms governing the CLO, is “re-opened” (e.g., the terms of the indenture and the various tranches of the CLO can be re-negotiated). Among other potential benefits, resetting a CLO renews the reinvestment period on the CLO, typically by up to five years. We believe that the ability to lengthen the term of our investments in CLO equity tranches is a key benefit of our structure and we believe many limited-life investment vehicles are not fully able to capture the value of this benefit.
In both resets and refinancings, there are one-time transaction costs (e.g., dealer fees, attorney fees, and related costs) which typically reduce the next scheduled distributions to the CLO’s equity tranche.
Other Investment Techniques
Leverage. Over the long term, management expects us to operate under normal market conditions generally with leverage within a range of 25-35% of total assets, although the actual amount of our leverage is uncertain from time to time. We expect that we will, or that we may need to, raise additional capital in the future to fund our continued growth, and we may do so by entering into a credit facility, issuing additional shares of preferred stock or debt securities or through other leveraging instruments.
We may incur leverage, including through the offering of securities pursuant to this prospectus, as and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. We are permitted to obtain leverage using any form of financial leverage instruments, including funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions, margin facilities, notes or preferred stock and leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements or similar transactions. We may further increase our leverage through entry into a credit facility or other leveraging instruments. Instruments that create leverage are generally considered to be senior securities under the 1940 Act. With respect to senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., borrowing or deemed borrowing), other than temporary borrowings as defined under the 1940 Act, we are required under current law to have an asset coverage of at least 300%, as measured at the time of borrowing and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness. With respect to senior securities that are stocks (i.e., shares of preferred stock), we are required under current law to have an asset coverage of at least 200%, as measured at the time of the issuance of any such shares of preferred stock and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness plus the aggregate liquidation preference of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. See “Description of Capital Structure — Preferred Shares and Other Securities.”
Subject to the limitations under the 1940 Act, we may incur additional leverage opportunistically or not at all and may choose to increase or decrease our leverage. We may use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments at any time based on the Adviser’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. In addition, we may borrow for temporary or other purposes as permitted under the 1940 Act, which indebtedness would be in addition to the asset coverage requirements described above. By leveraging our investment portfolio, we may create an opportunity for increased net income and capital appreciation. However, the use of leverage also involves significant risks and expenses, and our leverage strategy may not be successful. Any event that adversely affects the value of an investment would be magnified to the extent leverage is utilized. Accordingly, the more leverage is employed, the more likely a substantial change will occur in the NAV per share of our Shares. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us.” The Adviser intends to leverage our portfolio only when it believes that the potential return on the additional investments acquired through the use of leverage is likely to exceed the costs incurred in connection with the use of leverage.
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To the extent the income derived from investments purchased with funds received from leverage exceeds the cost of leverage, our return will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income from the securities purchased with such funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leverage or if we incur capital losses, our return will be less than if leverage had not been used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to holders of our capital stock as dividends and other distributions will be reduced or potentially eliminated. The Adviser may determine to maintain our leveraged position if it expects that the long-term benefits of maintaining the leveraged position will outweigh the current reduced return. We may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit. Either of these requirements will increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. In addition, capital raised through borrowing will be subject interest costs that may or may not exceed the income and appreciation on the assets purchased.
In connection with any credit facility, the lender may impose specific restrictions as a condition to borrowing. The credit facility fees may include up front structuring fees and ongoing commitment fees (including fees on amounts undrawn on the facility) in addition to the traditional interest expense on amounts borrowed. The credit facility may involve a lien on our assets. Similarly, to the extent we issue notes, we may be subject to fees, covenants and investment restrictions required by a national securities rating agency, as a result. Such covenants and restrictions imposed by a rating agency or lender may include asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on us by the 1940 Act. While it is not anticipated that these covenants or restrictions will significantly impede the Adviser in managing our portfolio in accordance with our investment objectives and policies, if these covenants or guidelines are more restrictive than those imposed by the 1940 Act, we would not be able to utilize as much leverage as we otherwise could have, which could reduce our investment returns. In addition, we expect that any notes we issue or credit facility we enter into would contain covenants that may impose geographic exposure limitations, credit quality minimums, liquidity minimums, concentration limitations and currency hedging requirements on us. These covenants would also likely limit our ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change fundamental investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations. Such restrictions could cause the Adviser to make different investment decisions than if there were no such restrictions and could limit the ability of the Board of Trustees and our Shareholders to change fundamental investment policies.
Our willingness to utilize leverage, and the amount of leverage we incur, will depend on many factors, the most important of which are investment outlook, market conditions and interest rates. Successful use of a leveraging strategy may depend on our ability to predict correctly interest rates and market movements, and there is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. Any leveraging cannot be achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of leverage have been invested in accordance with our investment objectives and policies. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us.”
Derivative Transactions. We may engage in Derivative Transactions from time to time. To the extent we engage in Derivative Transactions, we expect to do so primarily to hedge against credit risks. In particular, we anticipate that the Fund would implement such hedging strategy by purchasing exchange-traded swaps or options on indices comprised of credit default swaps (e.g., the CDX High Yield Index). We may also use Derivative Transactions to hedge against other forms of risk, including interest rate risk, or for other investment or risk management purposes. We may use Derivative Transactions for investment purposes to the extent consistent with our investment objectives if the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. We may purchase and sell a variety of derivative instruments, including exchange-listed and OTC options, futures, options on futures, swaps and similar instruments, various interest rate transactions, such as swaps, caps, floors or collars, and credit transactions and credit default swaps. We also may purchase and sell derivative instruments that combine features of these instruments. Our use of Derivative Transactions, if any, will generally be deemed to create leverage for us and involves significant risks. No assurance can be given that our strategy and use of derivatives will be successful, and our investment performance could diminish compared with what it would have been if Derivative Transactions were not used.
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The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5 under the CEA promulgated by the CFTC with respect to us, and we currently intend to operate in a manner that would permit the Adviser to continue to claim such exclusion. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure — We are subject to the risk of legislative and regulatory changes impacting our business or the markets in which we invest” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Investments — We are subject to risks associated with any hedging or Derivative Transactions in which we participate.”
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits us to enter into derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations, including short sales, notwithstanding the senior security provisions of the 1940 Act if we comply with certain VaR leverage limits, implement a derivatives risk management program and are subject to board oversight and reporting requirements, or otherwise comply with a “limited derivatives users” exception. We have elected to rely on the limited derivatives users exception. We may change this election and comply with the other provisions of Rule 18f-4 related to derivatives transactions at any time and without notice. To satisfy the limited derivatives users exception, we have adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage derivatives risk and limit derivatives exposure in accordance with Rule 18f-4. Rule 18f-4 also permits us to enter into reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions notwithstanding the senior security provisions of the 1940 Act if we aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating our asset coverage ratios as discussed above or treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions for all purposes under Rule 18f-4.
Illiquid Transactions. Generally, investments will be purchased or sold by us in private markets, including securities that are not publicly traded or that are otherwise illiquid and securities acquired directly from the issuer.
Temporary Defensive Position. We may take a temporary defensive position and invest all or a substantial portion of our Managed Assets in cash or cash equivalents, government securities or short-term fixed income securities during periods in which we believe that adverse market, economic, political or other conditions make it advisable to maintain a temporary defensive position. As the CLOs and loan accumulation facilities in which we invest are generally illiquid in nature, we may not be able to dispose of such investments and take a defensive position. To the extent that we invest defensively, we likely will not achieve our investment objectives.
Co-Investment with Affiliates. In certain instances, we co-invest on a concurrent basis with other accounts managed by the Adviser and may do so with other accounts managed by certain of the Adviser’s affiliates, subject to compliance with applicable regulations and regulatory guidance and the Adviser’s written allocation procedures. Exemptive relief granted by the SEC to Eagle Point Credit Management and certain of its affiliates (as well as ECC) permits us to participate in certain negotiated co-investments alongside other accounts, including ECC and EIC, managed by the Adviser, or certain of its affiliates, subject to certain conditions including (i) that a majority of our Trustees who have no financial interest in the transaction and a majority of our Trustees who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of us approve the co-investment and (ii) the price, terms and conditions of the co-investment are the same for each participant. A copy of the Adviser’s application for exemptive relief, including all of the conditions, and the related order are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Competition
We compete for investments in CLO securities with other investment funds (including asset managers, business development companies, mutual funds, pension funds, private equity funds and hedge funds) as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks, investment banks, finance companies and insurance companies.
Additionally, because competition for higher yielding investment opportunities generally has increased, many new investors have entered the CLO market over the past few years. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities in CLO securities may intensify. Many of these entities have greater financial and managerial resources than we do. We believe we are able to compete with these entities on the basis of the Senior Investment Team’s deep and highly-specialized CLO market experience, the Adviser’s and Eagle Point Income Management’s collective relative size and prominence in the CLO market, and the Senior Investment Team’s longstanding relationships with many CLO collateral managers.
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PRIOR PERFORMANCE OF THE ADVISER
Eagle Point Credit Management CLO Investment Overview
The Adviser has an extensive track record of investing substantial capital in CLO securities. The Fund has not yet commenced operations, and thus the performance shown below represents the results of other funds and accounts managed by the Adviser that invest primarily in majority CLO equity securities.
The following tables present the past performance of combined private accounts managed by the Adviser (“Adviser’s Private Accounts”) and ECC, a publicly listed, registered closed-end fund managed by the Adviser. Collectively, we refer to the Adviser’s Private Accounts and ECC as the “Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts”. The Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts consist of all accounts under discretionary management by the Adviser in the Adviser’s CLO majority equity investment strategy that have investment objectives, policies and strategies substantially similar to those of the Fund. The historical performance presented below reflects all income, gains and losses and reinvestment of any dividends or capital gains without provision for federal or state income tax. With respect to ECC, the reinvestment of any dividends or capital gains are assumed, for purposes of this calculation, to be reinvested at prices obtained under ECC’s dividend reinvestment plan. The tables present returns net of all fees applicable to the Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts but do not reflect the deduction of any sales load or the Fund’s fees and expenses (such as the Fund’s organizational and offering expenses). If the performance had been adjusted to reflect the Fund’s fees and expenses and sales loads, returns would have been lower than those shown.
Annualized total return is a measurement of annualized return earned on an investment since the investment’s inception. Annualized total return uses the capital investments, distributions, and the value of the unrealized investment in the applicable account in order to calculate the annualized return. The calculation of the present value of the investment includes (i) realized and unrealized changes in the value of the investments; and (ii) all fees and expenses paid by investors. The formula for annualized total return equals (present value of investment / initial investment amount) ^(1/# of years) – 1. The ECC performance calculation is based on the publicly traded closing stock price of ECC during the applicable period and assumes that any dividends or distributions are reinvested on the applicable payment dates at prices obtained under ECC's dividend reinvestment plan.
Net annualized total return may be more relevant to potential investors in the Fund in their analysis of the historical experience of the Adviser in managing all CLO-equity-focused portfolios with investment objectives, policies and strategies substantially similar to those of the Fund because net annualized total return reflects the deduction of investment advisory and other expenses that would be applicable to the Fund and reduce the net annualized total return.
Certain accounts that were included in the Adviser’s Private Accounts during the time periods set forth below in the performance tables were not subject to the diversification requirements, specific tax restrictions and investment limitations imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act or Subchapter M of the Code. Consequently, the performance results for the Adviser’s Private Accounts may have been less favorable had it been regulated as an investment company under the federal securities laws. ECC is subject to the diversification requirements, specific tax restrictions and investment limitations imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act and Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (as applicable).
The Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts have varying ratios of exposure to CLO equity and debt as compared to those targeted by the Fund’s investment strategies; however, each primarily invests in CLO equity. The Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts generally have greater CLO equity exposure than what is expected to be present in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Funds and accounts with greater CLO equity exposure would have experienced magnified returns, greater volatility and greater risk than is expected to be present in the Fund’s investment portfolio, assuming an equivalent leverage ratio.
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The historical performance of the Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts is not that of the Fund, is not a substitute for the Fund’s performance and is not necessarily indicative of the Fund’s future results. The Fund’s actual performance may differ significantly from the past performance of the related accounts.
While the Adviser’s Private Accounts experience inflows and outflows of cash from clients, there can be no assurance that the continuous offering of the Fund’s shares and the Fund’s repurchase program will not adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
The Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts include 5 funds and separate accounts with a total of $2.4 billion of assets under management dedicated to investing in CLO majority equity as of December 31, 2021.
Adviser’s Private Accounts | ECC | |
Investment Strategy | CLO majority equity | |
Entities included | 4 private funds and accounts | 1 publicly traded company; Eagle Point Credit Company Inc. (NYSE: ECC) |
Inception | December 2012 | October 2014 |
Length of track record | 9.1 years | 7.3 years |
Gross proceeds deployed into CLO securities1 ($ millions) | $3,430 | $1,492 |
AUM as of December 31, 20212 ($ millions) | $1,758 | $599 |
Value of $1,000 invested at inception | $2,728 | $1,847 |
Multiple of invested capital from inception | 2.73x | 1.85x |
Total return since inception | 172.8% | 84.7% |
Net annualized total return since inception | 11.7% | 8.8% |
2021 net annualized total return | 24.4% | 51.6% |
Last 3 Years net annualized total return | 13.7% | 13.5% |
Last 5 Years net annualized total return | 9.6% | 11.1% |
(1) Excludes investments in loan accumulation facilities that are formed to acquire loans on an interim basis that are expected to form CLO transactions.
(2) Represents assets under management inclusive of capital commitments that were undrawn as of December 31, 2021. Excludes accounts which were fully unfunded as of December 31, 2021.
The performance of the Adviser’s Private Accounts reflects all expenses attributable to each portfolio, including administrative fees, management fees (based on a model fee) and performance fees (based on a model fee). The application of a model fee reflects performance that is equal to or worse than the actual performance of the Adviser’s Private Accounts.
The ECC performance calculation is based on the publicly traded closing stock price of ECC during the applicable period and assumes that any dividends or distributions are reinvested on the applicable payment dates at prices obtained under ECC's dividend reinvestment plan. Historically, ECC’s stock price has traded at an average premium of 11.1% to NAV (and a range of a (48.7%) discount and 56.4% premium since inception). ECC’s stock price performance does not represent the performance of its NAV, which may have been higher or lower. Unlike ECC, the Fund’s Shares will only be purchased and repurchased at NAV (plus any applicable sales charge).
The Adviser’s Private Accounts generally utilize leverage in an amount that is less than the amount of leverage expected to be utilized by the Fund (and certain of such accounts do not use leverage at all). The target leverage range of the Fund is the same as that of ECC as of the date of this prospectus.
Historical results of the Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts are not an indication of future performance, and the Fund’s target investments, fee structure, leverage and other factors can vary significantly from the Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts.
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Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts’ Illustrative Underlying Collateral Composition
The Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts invest in CLO securities that hold a diverse portfolio of first lien, senior secured loans by obligor, industry, geography, credit type, rating and maturity as shown below as of December 31, 2021. The information below is not representative of the portfolio to be held by the Fund. There is no guarantee that the Fund’s holdings will be comparable to those disclosed below. It may take a significant amount of time for a newly launched fund (such as the Fund) to obtain the level of diversification as shown below, and there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve such diversification.
The information presented below is on a look-through basis to the CLO equity held by the Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts as of December 31, 2021 and reflects the aggregate underlying exposure based on the portfolios of those investments. The data is estimated and unaudited and is derived from CLO trustee reports received by the Adviser relating to December 2021 and from custody statements and/or other information received from CLO collateral managers and other third-party sources. Information relating to the market price of underlying collateral is as of month end; however, with respect to other information shown, depending on when such information was received, the data may reflect a lag in the information reported. As such, while this information was obtained from third party data sources, December 2021 trustee reports and similar reports, other than market price, it does not reflect actual underlying portfolio characteristics as of December 31, 2021 and this data may not be representative of current or future holdings.
Industry categories are based on the S&P industry categorization of each obligor as reported in CLO trustee reports to the extent so reported. Certain CLO trustee reports do not report the industry category of all of the underlying obligors and where such information is not reported, it is not included in the summary look-through industry information shown. As such, the Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts’ exposure to a particular industry may be higher than that shown if industry categories were available for all underlying obligors. In addition, certain underlying obligors may be re-classified from time to time based on developments in their respective businesses and/or market practices. Accordingly, certain underlying borrowers that are currently, or were previously, summarized as a single borrower in a particular industry may in current or future periods be reflected as multiple borrowers or in a different industry, as applicable. Certain CLO trustee reports do not provide the industry classification for certain underlying obligors. These obligors are not summarized in the look-through industry data shown; if they were reflected, they would represent 5.0%.
Credit ratings shown are based on those assigned by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group, or “S&P,” or, for comparison and informational purposes, if S&P does not assign a rating to a particular obligor, the weighted average rating shown reflects the S&P equivalent rating of a rating agency that rated the obligor provided that such other rating is available with respect to a CLO equity or related investment held the Adviser’s Public and Private Accounts. In the event multiple ratings are available, the lowest S&P rating, or if there is no S&P rating, the lowest equivalent rating, is used. The ratings of specific borrowings by an obligor may differ from the rating assigned to the obligor and may differ among rating agencies. For certain obligors, no rating is available in the reports received by the Adviser. Such obligors are not shown in the graphs and, accordingly, the sum of the percentages in the graphs may not equal 100%. Ratings below BBB- are below investment grade. Further information regarding S&P’s rating methodology and definitions may be found on its website (www.standardandpoors.com). This data includes underlying portfolio characteristics of the Adviser’s Public and Private Account CLO equity portfolio.
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Investing in our securities involves a number of significant risks. In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, you should consider carefully the following information before making an investment in our securities. The risks set out below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not presently deemed material by us might also impair our operations and performance. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the price of our securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Investments
We have no prior operating history as a closed-end investment company.
We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no prior operating history. As a result, we do not have significant financial information on which you can evaluate an investment in us or our prior performance. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objectives, achieve its desired portfolio composition, or raise sufficient capital and that the value of your investment could decline substantially or become worthless. The Fund currently anticipates investing proceeds from the sale of its Shares within three to six months of the receipt of such proceeds, depending on the availability of appropriate investment opportunities consistent with our investment objectives and market conditions. During this period, we will invest in temporary investments, such as cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. We expect will have returns substantially lower than the returns that we anticipate earning from investments in CLO securities and related investments.
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If the Fund is unable to raise sufficient capital, a Shareholder’s investment will be impacted and it may lead to higher fees.
The offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis, meaning that a Dealer Manager is only required to use its best efforts to sell the shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any shares in the offering. As a result, the amount of proceeds the Fund raises in the offering may be substantially less than the amount the Fund would need to create its desired portfolio of investments, and it may not achieve the economies of scale necessary to operate in a cost effective manner. If the Fund is unable to raise substantial funds, the Fund will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the type, number and size of investments that it makes. As a result, the value of a shareholder’s investment may be reduced in the event the Fund’s assets under-perform. Moreover, the potential impact of any single asset’s performance on the overall performance of the portfolio increases. In addition, the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective could be hindered, which could result in a lower return on the investments. Further, the Fund will have certain fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a closed-end management investment company, regardless of whether the Fund is able to raise substantial funds in this offering. The Fund’s inability to raise substantial funds would increase its fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, causing Shareholders to incur higher fees and reducing the Fund’s net income and limiting its ability to make distributions.
Investing in senior secured loans indirectly through CLO securities involves particular risks.
We obtain exposure to underlying senior secured loans through our investments in CLOs but may obtain such exposure directly or indirectly through other means from time to time. Such loans may become nonperforming or impaired for a variety of reasons. Nonperforming or impaired loans may require substantial workout negotiations or restructuring that may entail a substantial reduction in the interest rate and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of the loan. In addition, because of the unique and customized nature of a loan agreement and the private syndication of a loan, certain loans may not be purchased or sold as easily as publicly traded securities, and, historically, the trading volume in the loan market has been small relative to other markets. Loans may encounter trading delays due to their unique and customized nature, and transfers may require the consent of an agent bank and/or borrower. Risks associated with senior secured loans include the fact that prepayments generally may occur at any time without premium or penalty.
In addition, the portfolios of certain CLOs in which we invest may contain middle market loans. Loans to middle market companies may carry more inherent risks than loans to larger, publicly traded entities. These companies generally have more limited access to capital and higher funding costs, may be in a weaker financial position, may need more capital to expand or compete, and may be unable to obtain financing from public capital markets or from traditional sources, such as commercial banks. Middle market companies typically have narrower product lines and smaller market shares than large companies. Therefore, they tend to be more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. These companies may also experience substantial variations in operating results. The success of a middle market business may also depend on the management talents and efforts of one or two persons or a small group of persons. The death, disability or resignation of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on the obligor. Accordingly, loans made to middle market companies may involve higher risks than loans made to companies that have greater financial resources or are otherwise able to access traditional credit sources. Middle market loans are less liquid and have a smaller trading market than the market for broadly syndicated loans and may have default rates or recovery rates that differ (and may be better or worse) than has been the case for broadly syndicated loans or investment grade securities. There can be no assurance as to the levels of defaults and/or recoveries that may be experienced with respect to middle market loans in any CLO in which we may invest. As a consequence of the forgoing factors, the securities issued by CLOs that primarily invest in middle market loans (or hold significant portions thereof) are generally considered to be a riskier investment than securities issued by CLOs that primarily invest in broadly syndicated loans.
Covenant-lite loans may comprise a significant portion of the senior secured loans underlying the CLOs in which we invest. Over the past decade, the senior secured loan market has evolved from one in which covenant-lite loans represented a minority of the market to one in which such loans represent a significant majority of the market. Generally, covenant-lite loans provide borrower companies more freedom to negatively impact lenders because their covenants are incurrence-based, which means they are only tested and can only be breached following an affirmative action of the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition. Accordingly, to the extent that the CLOs that we invest in hold covenant-lite loans, our CLOs may have fewer rights against a borrower and may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants.
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Our investments in CLO securities and other structured finance securities involve certain risks.
Our investments consist primarily of CLO securities, and we may invest in other related structured finance securities. CLOs and structured finance securities are generally backed by an asset or a pool of assets (typically senior secured loans in the case of a CLO) that serve as collateral. We and other investors in CLO and related structured finance securities ultimately bear the credit risk of the underlying collateral. In the case of most CLOs, the structured finance securities are issued in multiple tranches, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics, often categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity according to their degree of risk. If there are defaults or the relevant collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches of such securities take precedence over those of junior tranches which are the focus of our investment strategy, and scheduled payments to junior tranches have a priority in right of payment to subordinated/equity tranches.
In light of the above considerations, CLO and other structured finance securities may present risks similar to those of the other types of debt obligations and, in fact, such risks may be of greater significance in the case of CLO and other structured finance securities. For example, investments in structured vehicles, including CBOs and equity and junior debt securities issued by CLOs, involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Changes in interest rates and credit quality may cause significant price fluctuations. A CBO is a trust which is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. The collateral can be from many different types of fixed income securities, such as high yield debt, residential privately issued mortgage-related securities, commercial privately issued mortgage related securities, trust preferred securities and emerging market debt. The pool of high yield securities underlying CBOs is typically separated into tranches representing different degrees of credit quality. The higher quality tranches have greater degrees of protection and pay lower interest rates, whereas the lower tranches, with greater risk, pay higher interest rates.
In addition to the general risks associated with investing in debt securities, CLO securities carry additional risks, including: (1) the possibility that distributions from collateral assets will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (2) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (3) our investments in CLO equity and junior debt tranches will likely be subordinate in right of payment to other senior classes of CLO debt; and (4) the complex structure of a particular security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. Additionally, changes in the collateral held by a CLO may cause payments on the instruments we hold to be reduced, either temporarily or permanently. Structured investments, particularly the subordinated interests in which we invest, are less liquid than many other types of securities and may be more volatile than the assets underlying the CLOs we may target. In addition, CLO and other structured finance securities may be subject to prepayment risk. Further, the performance of a CLO or other structured finance security may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including the security’s priority in the capital structure of the issuer thereof, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets. There are also the risks that the trustee of a CLO does not properly carry out its duties to the CLO, potentially resulting in loss to the CLO. In addition, the complex structure of the security may produce unexpected investment results, especially during times of market stress or volatility. Investments in structured finance securities may also be subject to liquidity risk.
Our investments in the primary CLO market involve certain additional risks.
Between the pricing date and the effective date of a CLO, the CLO collateral manager will generally expect to purchase additional collateral obligations for the CLO. During this period, the price and availability of these collateral obligations may be adversely affected by a number of market factors, including price volatility and availability of investments suitable for the CLO, which could hamper the ability of the collateral manager to acquire a portfolio of collateral obligations that will satisfy specified concentration limitations and allow the CLO to reach the target initial par amount of collateral prior to the effective date. An inability or delay in reaching the target initial par amount of collateral may adversely affect the timing and amount of interest or principal payments received by the holders of the CLO debt securities and distributions on the CLO equity securities and could result in early redemptions which may cause CLO equity and debt investors to receive less than face value of their investment.
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Our portfolio of investments may lack diversification among CLO securities which may subject us to a risk of significant loss if one or more of these CLO securities experience a high level of defaults on collateral.
Our portfolio may hold investments in a limited number of CLO securities. Beyond the asset diversification requirements associated with our qualification as a RIC under the Code, we will not have fixed guidelines for diversification, we will not have any limitations on the ability to invest in any one CLO, and our investments may be concentrated in relatively few CLO securities. As our portfolio may be less diversified than the portfolios of some larger funds, we are more susceptible to failure if one or more of the CLOs in which we are invested experiences a high level of defaults on its collateral. Similarly, the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment. We may also invest in multiple CLOs managed by the same CLO collateral manager, thereby increasing our risk of loss in the event the CLO collateral manager were to fail, experience the loss of key portfolio management employees or sell its business.
Failure to maintain adequate diversification of underlying obligors across the CLOs in which we invest would make us more vulnerable to defaults.
Even if we maintain adequate diversification across different CLO issuers, we may still be subject to concentration risk since CLO portfolios tend to have a certain amount of overlap across underlying obligors. This trend is generally exacerbated when demand for bank loans by CLO issuers outpaces supply. Market analysts have noted that the overlap of obligor names among CLO issuers has increased recently, and is particularly evident across CLOs of the same year of origination, as well as with CLOs managed by the same asset manager. To the extent we invest in CLOs which have a high percentage of overlap, this may increase the likelihood of defaults on our CLO investments occurring together.
Our portfolio is focused on CLO securities, and the CLO securities in which we invest may hold loans that are concentrated in a limited number of industries.
Our portfolio is focused on securities issued by CLOs and related investments, and the CLOs in which we invest may hold loans that are concentrated in a limited number of industries. As a result, a downturn in the CLO industry or in any particular industry that the CLOs in which we invest are concentrated could significantly impact the aggregate returns we realize.
Failure by a CLO in which we are invested to satisfy certain tests will harm our operating results.
The failure by a CLO in which we invest to satisfy financial covenants, including with respect to adequate collateralization and/or interest coverage tests, would lead to a reduction in its payments to us. In the event that a CLO fails certain tests, holders of CLO senior debt would be entitled to additional payments that would, in turn, reduce the payments we, as holder of junior debt or equity tranches, would otherwise be entitled to receive. Separately, we may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting CLO or any other investment we may make. If any of these occur, it could materially and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
Negative loan ratings migration may also place pressure on the performance of certain of our investments.
Per the terms of a CLO’s indenture, assets rated “CCC+” or lower or their equivalent in excess of applicable limits typically do not receive full par credit for purposes of calculation of the CLO’s overcollateralization tests. As a result, negative rating migration could cause a CLO to be out of compliance with its overcollateralization tests. This could cause a diversion of cash flows away from the CLO equity and junior debt tranches in favor of the more senior CLO debt tranches until the relevant overcollateralization test breaches are cured. This could have a negative impact on our NAV and cash flows.
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Our investments in CLOs and other investment vehicles result in additional expenses to us.
We invest in CLO securities and may invest, to the extent permitted by law, in the securities and other instruments of other investment companies, including private funds, and, to the extent we so invest, will bear our ratable share of a CLO’s or any such investment vehicle’s expenses, including management and performance fees. In addition to the management and performance fees borne by our investments in CLOs, we also remain obligated to pay management and incentive fees to the Adviser with respect to the assets invested in the securities and other instruments of other investment vehicles, including CLOs. With respect to each of these investments, each holder of our Shares bears his or her share of the management and incentive fee of the Adviser as well as indirectly bearing the management and performance fees charged by the underlying advisor and other expenses of any investment vehicles in which we invest.
In the course of our investing activities, we pay management and incentive fees to the Adviser and reimburse the Adviser for certain expenses it incurs. As a result, investors in our securities invest on a “gross” basis and receive distributions on a “net” basis after expenses, potentially resulting in a lower rate of return than an investor might achieve through direct investments.
Our investments in CLO securities may be less transparent to us and our Shareholders than direct investments in the collateral.
We invest primarily in equity and junior debt tranches of CLOs and other related investments. Generally, there may be less information available to us regarding the collateral held by such CLOs than if we had invested directly in the debt of the underlying obligors. As a result, our Shareholders do not know the details of the collateral of the CLOs in which we invest or receive the reports issued with respect to such CLO. In addition, none of the information contained in certain monthly reports nor any other financial information furnished to us as a noteholder in a CLO is audited and reported upon, nor is an opinion expressed, by an independent public accountant. Our CLO investments are also subject to the risk of leverage associated with the debt issued by such CLOs and the repayment priority of senior debt holders in such CLOs.
CLO investments involve complex documentation and accounting considerations.
CLOs and other structured finance securities in which we invest are often governed by a complex series of legal documents and contracts. As a result, the risk of dispute over interpretation or enforceability of the documentation may be higher relative to other types of investments.
The accounting and tax implications of the CLO investments that we make are complicated. In particular, reported earnings from CLO equity securities are recorded under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or “GAAP,” based upon an effective yield calculation. Current taxable earnings on certain of these investments, however, will generally not be determinable until after the end of the fiscal year of each individual CLO that ends within our fiscal year, even though the investments are generating cash flow throughout the fiscal year. The tax treatment of certain of these investments may result in higher distributable earnings in the early years and a capital loss at maturity, while for reporting purposes the totality of cash flows is reflected in a constant yield to maturity.
We are dependent on the collateral managers of the CLOs in which we invest, and those CLOs are generally not registered under the 1940 Act.
We rely on CLO collateral managers to administer and review the portfolios of collateral they manage. The actions of the CLO collateral managers may significantly affect the return on our investments; however, we, as investors of the CLO, typically do not have any direct contractual relationship with the collateral managers of the CLOs in which we invest. The ability of each CLO collateral manager to identify and report on issues affecting its securitization portfolio on a timely basis could also affect the return on our investments, as we may not be provided with information on a timely basis in order to take appropriate measures to manage our risks. We will also rely on CLO collateral managers to act in the best interests of a CLO it manages; however, such CLO collateral managers are subject to fiduciary duties owed to other classes of notes besides those in which we invest; therefore, there can be no assurance that the collateral managers will always act in the best interest of the class or classes of notes in which we are invested. If any CLO collateral manager were to act in a manner that was not in the best interest of the CLOs (e.g., gross negligence, with reckless disregard or in bad faith), this could adversely impact the overall performance of our investments. Furthermore, since the underlying CLO issuer often provides an indemnity to its CLO collateral manager, we may not be incentivized to pursue actions against the collateral manager since any such action, if successful, may ultimately be borne by the underlying CLO issuer and payable from its assets, which could create losses to us as investors in the CLO. In addition, to the extent we invest in CLO equity, liabilities incurred by the CLO manger to third parties may be borne by us to the extent the CLO is required to indemnify its collateral manager for such liabilities.
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In addition, the CLOs in which we invest are generally not registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act. As investors in these CLOs, we are not afforded the protections that Shareholders in an investment company registered under the 1940 Act would have.
The collateral managers of the CLOs in which we invest may not continue to manage such CLOs.
Given that we invest in CLO securities issued by CLOs which are managed by unaffiliated collateral managers, we are dependent on the skill and expertise of such managers. As discussed under “Business — Investment Process,” we believe our Adviser’s ability to analyze and diligence potential CLO managers differentiates our approach to investing in CLO securities. However, there is no guarantee that, for any CLO we invest in, the collateral manager in place when we invest in such CLO securities will continue to manage such CLO through the life of our investment. Collateral managers are subject to removal or replacement by other holders of CLO securities without our consent, and may also voluntarily resign as collateral manager or assign their role as collateral manager to another entity. There can be no assurance that any removal, replacement, resignation or assignment of any particular CLO manager’s role will not adversely affect the returns on the CLO securities in which we invest.
Our investments in CLO securities may be subject to special anti-deferral provisions that could result in us incurring tax or recognizing income prior to receiving cash distributions related to such income.
Some of the CLOs in which we invest may constitute “passive foreign investment companies,” or “PFICs.” If we acquire interests treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in PFICs (including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in CLOs that are PFICs), we may be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by us to our Shareholders. Certain elections may be available to mitigate or eliminate such tax on excess distributions, but such elections (if available) will generally require us to recognize our share of the PFIC’s income for each tax year regardless of whether we receive any distributions from such PFIC. We must nonetheless distribute such income to maintain our status as a RIC. Applicable treasury regulations generally treat our income inclusion with respect to a PFIC with respect to which we have made a qualified electing fund, or “QEF”, election, as qualifying income for purposes of determining our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC if (i) there is a current distribution out of the earnings and profits of the PFIC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. As such, we may be restricted in our ability to make QEF elections with respect to our holdings in issuers that could be treated as PFICs in order to ensure our continued qualification as a RIC and/or maximize our after-tax return from these investments.
If we hold 10% or more of the interests treated as equity (by vote or value) for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a foreign corporation that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation, or “CFC” (including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in a CLO treated as a CFC), we may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each tax year from such foreign corporation in an amount equal to our pro rata share of the corporation’s income for the tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains). If we are required to include such deemed distributions from a CFC in our income, we will be required to distribute such income to maintain our RIC status regardless of whether or not the CFC makes an actual distribution during such tax year. Applicable treasury regulations that generally treat our income inclusion with respect to a CFC as qualifying income for purposes of determining our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC either if (i) there is a distribution out of the earnings and profits of the CFC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. As such, we may limit and/or manage our holdings in issuers that could be treated as CFCs in order to ensure our continued qualification as a RIC and/or maximize our after-tax return from these investments.
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If we are required to include amounts from CLO securities in income prior to receiving the cash distributions representing such income, we may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
If a CLO in which we invest fails to comply with certain U.S. tax disclosure requirements, such CLO may be subject to withholding requirements that could materially and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
The U.S. Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act provisions of the Code, or “FATCA” imposes a withholding tax of 30% on U.S. source periodic payments, including interest and dividends to certain non-U.S. entities, including certain non-U.S. financial institutions and investment funds, unless such non-U.S. entity complies with certain reporting requirements regarding its U.S. account holders and its U.S. owners. Most CLOs in which we invest will be treated as non-U.S. financial entities for this purpose, and therefore will be required to comply with these reporting requirements to avoid the 30% withholding. If a CLO in which we invest fails to properly comply with these reporting requirements, it could reduce the amount available to distribute to equity and junior debt holders in such CLO, which could materially and adversely affect the fair value of the CLO’s securities, our operating results and cash flows.
Increased competition in the market or a decrease in new CLO issuances may result in increased price volatility or a shortage of investment opportunities.
In recent years there has been a marked increase in the number of, and flow of capital into, investment vehicles established to pursue investments in CLO securities whereas the size of this market is relatively limited. While we cannot determine the precise effect of such competition, such increase may result in greater competition for investment opportunities, which may result in an increase in the price of such investments relative to the risk taken on by holders of such investments. Such competition may also result under certain circumstances in increased price volatility or decreased liquidity with respect to certain positions.
In addition, the volume of new CLO issuances and CLO refinancings varies over time as a result of a variety of factors including new regulations, changes in interest rates, and other market forces. As a result of increased competition and uncertainty regarding the volume of new CLO issuances and CLO refinancings, we can offer no assurances that we will deploy all of our capital in a timely manner or at all. Prospective investors should understand that we may compete with other investment vehicles, as well as investment and commercial banking firms, which have substantially greater resources, in terms of financial wherewithal and research staffs, than may be available to us.
We are subject to risks associated with our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
We may invest indirectly through one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries to invest in securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers that are issued in private offerings without registration with the SEC pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) or for other general corporate purposes. Any such wholly-owned subsidiaries would not be separately registered under the 1940 Act and would not be subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. In addition, changes in the laws of the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of any such subsidiary to operate as anticipated.
We and our investments are subject to interest rate risk.
Since we may incur leverage (including through preferred stock and/or debt securities) to make investments, our net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds.
Since the economic downturn that began in 2007, interest rates are at historic lows. Because longer-term inflationary pressure may result from the U.S. government’s fiscal policies and other challenges and, because of the historically low interest rate environment in which we now operate, interest rates could continue to rise, rather than fall, in the future. In a rising interest rate environment, any leverage that we incur may bear a higher interest rate that our current leverage. There may not, however, be a corresponding increase in our investment income. Any reduction in the level of rate of return on new investments relative to the rate of return on our current investments, and any reduction in the rate of return on our current investments, could adversely impact our net investment income, reducing our ability to service the interest obligations on, and to repay the principal of, our indebtedness, as well as our capacity to pay distributions to our Shareholders. See “— Index Floor Risk.”
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The fair value of certain of our investments may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates. Although senior secured loans are generally floating rate instruments, our investments in senior secured loans through investments in junior equity and debt tranches of CLOs are sensitive to interest rate levels and volatility. For example, because CLO debt securities are floating rate securities, a reduction in interest rates would generally result in a reduction in the coupon payment and cash flow we receive on our CLO debt investments, Further, although CLOs are generally structured to mitigate the risk of interest rate mismatch, there may be some difference between the timing of interest rate resets on the assets and liabilities of a CLO. Such a mismatch in timing could have a negative effect on the amount of funds distributed to CLO equity investors. In addition, CLOs may not be able to enter into hedge agreements, even if it may otherwise be in the best interests of the CLO to hedge such interest rate risk. Furthermore, in the event of a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, loan defaults may increase and result in credit losses that may adversely affect our cash flow, fair value of our assets and operating results. In the event that our interest expense were to increase relative to income, or sufficient financing became unavailable, our return on investments and cash available for distribution to Shareholders or to make other payments on our securities would be reduced. In addition, future investments in different types of instruments may carry a greater exposure to interest rate risk.
Index Floor Risk. Because CLOs generally issue debt on a floating rate basis, an increase in the base rate will increase the financing costs of CLOs. Many of the senior secured loans held by these CLOs have index floors such that, when the index is below the stated floor, the stated floor (rather than the index itself) is used to determine the interest payable under the loans. Therefore, if the index increases but stays below the average floor rate of the senior secured loans held by a CLO, there would not be a corresponding increase in the investment income of such CLOs. The combination of increased financing costs without a corresponding increase in investment income in such a scenario could result in the CLO not having adequate cash to make interest or other payments on the securities which we hold.
LIBOR Risk. On July 27, 2017, the FCA announced the FCA’s intention to cease sustaining LIBOR. On March 5, 2021, the FCA announced that all LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator, or no longer be representative immediately after December 31, 2021, for all GBP, EUR, CHF and JPY LIBOR settings and one-week and two-month US dollar LIBOR settings, and immediately after June 30, 2023 for the remaining US dollar LIBOR settings, including three-month US dollar LIBOR. Replacement rates that have been identified include the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR, which is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR and measures the cost of overnight borrowings through repurchase agreement transactions collateralized with U.S. Treasury securities) and the Sterling Overnight Index Average Rate (SONIA, which is intended to replace GBP LIBOR and measures the overnight interest rate paid by banks for unsecured transactions in the sterling market), although other replacement rates could be adopted by market participants. At this time, the effect of a phase out of LIBOR on U.S. senior secured loans, the underlying assets of the CLOs in which we invest, is currently unclear. In addition, based on supervisory guidance from regulators, many banks ceased issuance of new LIBOR-based instruments as of January 1, 2022. On April 3, 2018, the New York Federal Reserve Bank began publishing its alternative rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The Bank of England followed suit on April 23, 2018 by publishing its proposed alternative rate, the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”). Each of SOFR and SONIA significantly differ from LIBOR, both in the actual rate and how it is calculated, and therefore it is unclear whether and when markets will adopt either of these rates as a widely accepted replacement for LIBOR. On July 29, 2021, ARRC announced that it recommended Term SOFR, a similar forward-looking term rate which will be based on SOFR, for business loans. CME Group currently publishes the Term SOFR Rate in one-month, three-month and six-month tenors. As of the date of this prospectus, it is unclear how the market will respond to ARRC’s formal recommendation. If no widely accepted conventions develop, it is uncertain what effect broadly divergent interest rate calculation methodologies in the markets will have on the price and liquidity of leverage loans or CLO securities and the ability for CLOs to effectively mitigate interest rate risks.
Potential Effects of Alternative Reference Rates. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of the FCA Announcement or other regulatory changes or announcements, the establishment of SOFR, SONIA or any other alternative reference rates or any other reforms to LIBOR that may be enacted in the United Kingdom, the United States or elsewhere. As such, the potential effect of any such event on our net investment income cannot yet be determined.
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For CLOs which issue debt based on Term SOFR, investors should be aware that such CLO debt may fluctuate from one interest accrual period to another in response to changes in Term SOFR. Term SOFR has a limited history of use as a benchmark rate and, as a risk-free rate, differs in material respects from LIBOR. Neither the historical performance of LIBOR nor Term SOFR should be taken as an indication of future performance of Term SOFR during the term of any CLO. Changes in the levels of Term SOFR will affect the amount of interest payable on the CLO debt securities, the distributions on the CLO equity and the trading price of the CLO securities, but it is impossible to predict whether such levels will rise or fall.
As LIBOR is currently being reformed, investors should be aware that: (a) any changes to LIBOR could affect the level of the published rate, including to cause it to be lower and/or more volatile than it would otherwise be; (b) if the applicable rate of interest on any CLO security is calculated with reference to a tenor which is discontinued, such rate of interest will then be determined by the provisions of the affected CLO security, which may include determination by the relevant calculation agent in its discretion; (c) the administrator of LIBOR will not have any involvement in the CLOs or loans and may take any actions in respect of LIBOR without regard to the effect of such actions on the CLOs or loans; and (d) any uncertainty in the value of LIBOR or, the development of a widespread market view that LIBOR has been manipulated or any uncertainty in the prominence of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate due to the recent regulatory reform may adversely affect the liquidity of the securities in the secondary market and their market value. Any of the above or any other significant change to the setting of LIBOR could have a material adverse effect on the value of, and the amount payable under, (i) any underlying asset of the CLO which pay interest linked to a LIBOR rate and (ii) the CLO securities in which we invest.
Once LIBOR is eliminated as a benchmark rate, it is uncertain whether broad replacement conventions in the CLO markets will develop and, if conventions develop, what those conventions will be and whether they will create adverse consequences for the issuer or the holders of CLO securities. Currently, the CLOs we are invested in generally contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by requiring the CLO administrator to calculate a replacement rate primarily through dealer polling on the applicable measurement date. However, there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of the dealer polling processes, including the willingness of banks to provide such quotations, which could adversely impact our net investment income. More recently, the CLOs we are invested in have included, or have been amended to include, language permitting the CLO investment manager to implement a market replacement rate (like those proposed by the ARRC) upon the occurrence of certain material disruption events. However, we cannot ensure that all CLOs in which we are invested will have such provisions, nor can we ensure the CLO investment managers will undertake the suggested amendments when able.
If no replacement conventions develop, it is uncertain what effect broadly divergent interest rate calculation methodologies in the markets will have on the price and liquidity of CLO securities and the ability of the collateral manager to effectively mitigate interest rate risks. While the issuers and the trustee of a CLO may enter into a reference rate amendment or the collateral manager may designate a designated reference rate, in each case, subject to the conditions described in a CLO indenture, there can be no assurance that a change to any alternative benchmark rate (a) will be adopted, (b) will effectively mitigate interest rate risks or result in an equivalent methodology for determining the interest rates on the floating rate instrument, (c) will be adopted prior to any date on which the issuer suffers adverse consequences from the elimination or modification or potential elimination or modification of LIBOR or (d) will not have a material adverse effect on the holders of the CLO securities.
In addition, the effect of a phase out of LIBOR on U.S. senior secured loans, the underlying assets of the CLOs in which we invest, is currently unclear. In addition, based on supervisory guidance from regulators, many banks have ceased issuance of new LIBOR-based instruments as of January 1, 2022. To the extent that any LIBOR replacement rate utilized for senior secured loans differs from that utilized for debt of a CLO that holds those loans (including instances where the replacement rate is utilized for such loans prior to it being utilized by the CLO), for the duration of such mismatch, the CLO would experience an interest rate mismatch between its assets and liabilities, which would be expected to have an adverse impact on the cash flows distributed to CLO equity investors as well as our net investment income and portfolio returns until such mismatch is corrected or minimized, which would be expected to occur when both the underlying senior secured loans and the CLO debt securities utilize the same LIBOR replacement rate. As of the date hereof, certain senior secured loans have already transitioned to utilizing SOFR based interest rates and newly issued CLO debt securities have begun to transition to such replacement rate.
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Base Rate Mismatch. Many underlying corporate borrowers can elect to pay interest based on a 1-month, 3-month and/or other term base rates in respect of the loans held by CLOs in which we are invested, in each case plus an applicable spread, whereas CLOs generally pay interest to holders of the CLO’s debt tranches based today on 3-month term plus a spread. The 3-month term rate may fluctuate in excess of other potential term rates, which may result in many underlying corporate borrowers electing to pay interest based on a shorter or lower, but in any event lower, base rate. This mismatch in the rate at which CLOs earn interest and the rate at which they pay interest on their debt tranches negatively impacts the cash flows on a CLO’s equity tranche, which may in turn adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations. Unless spreads are adjusted to account for such increases, these negative impacts may worsen as the amount by which the 3-month term rate exceeds such other chosen term base rate.
Low Interest Rate Environment. As of the date of this prospectus, interest rates in the United States are at historic lows due to the U.S. Federal Reserve’s recent lowering of certain interest rates as part of its efforts to ease the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the historically low interest rates, there is a risk that interest rates will rise once the COVID-19 pandemic abates. Most market participants expect the U.S. Federal Reserve to raise certain interest rates during 2022.
The senior secured loans underlying the CLOs in which we invest typically have floating interest rates. A rising interest rate environment may increase loan defaults, resulting in losses for the CLOs in which we invest. In addition, increasing interest rates may lead to higher prepayment rates, as corporate borrowers look to avoid escalating interest payments or refinance floating rate loans. See “— Risks Related to Our Investments — Our investments are subject to prepayment risk”. Further, a general rise in interest rates will increase the financing costs of the CLOs. However, since many of the senior secured loans within these CLOs have LIBOR floors, if LIBOR is below the average LIBOR floor, there may not be corresponding increases in investment income which could result in the CLO not having adequate cash to make interest or other payments on the securities which we hold.
For detailed discussions of the risks associated with a rising interest rate environment, see “— Risks Related to Our Investments — We and our investments are subject to interest rate risk” and “— Risks Related to Our Investments — We and our investments are subject to risks associated with investing in high-yield and unrated, or “junk,” securities.”
Our investments are subject to credit risk.
If a CLO in which we invest, an underlying asset of any such CLO or any other type of credit investment in our portfolio declines in price or fails to pay interest or principal when due because the issuer or debtor, as the case may be, experiences a decline in its financial status either or both our income and NAV may be adversely impacted. Non-payment would result in a reduction of our income, a reduction in the value of the applicable CLO security or other credit investment experiencing non-payment and, potentially, a decrease in our NAV. With respect to our investments in CLO securities and credit investments that are secured, there can be no assurance that liquidation of collateral would satisfy the issuer’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled dividend, interest or principal or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of an issuer, we could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a CLO security or credit investment. To the extent that the credit rating assigned to a security in our portfolio is downgraded, the market price and liquidity of such security may be adversely affected. In addition, if a CLO in which we invest triggers an event of default as a result of failing to make payments when due or for other reasons, the CLO would be subject to the possibility of liquidation, which could result in full loss of value to the CLO equity and junior debt investors. CLO equity tranches are the most likely tranche to suffer a loss of all of their value in these circumstances.
Our investments are subject to prepayment risk.
Although the Adviser’s valuations and projections take into account certain expected levels of prepayments, the collateral of a CLO may be prepaid more quickly than expected. Prepayment rates are influenced by changes in interest rates and a variety of factors beyond our control and consequently cannot be accurately predicted. Early prepayments give rise to increased reinvestment risk, as a CLO collateral manager might realize excess cash from prepayments earlier than expected. If a CLO collateral manager is unable to reinvest such cash in a new investment with an expected rate of return at least equal to that of the investment repaid, this may reduce our net income and the fair value of that asset.
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In addition, in most CLO transactions, CLO debt investors, such as us, are subject to prepayment risk in that the holders of a majority of the equity tranche can direct a call or refinancing of a CLO, which would cause such CLO’s outstanding CLO debt securities to be repaid at par. Such prepayments of CLO debt securities held by us also give rise to reinvestment risk if we are unable to reinvest such cash in a new investment with an expected rate of return at least equal to that of the investment repaid.
We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us.
We may incur leverage, directly or indirectly, through one or more special purpose vehicles, indebtedness for borrowed money, as well as leverage in the form of Derivative Transactions, shares of preferred stock, debt securities and other structures and instruments, in significant amounts and on terms that the Adviser and our Board of Trustees deem appropriate, subject to applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. Such leverage may be used for the acquisition and financing of our investments, to pay fees and expenses and for other purposes. Such leverage may be secured and/or unsecured. Any such leverage does not include leverage embedded or inherent in the CLO structures in which we invest or in derivative instruments in which we may invest. Accordingly, there is a layering of leverage in our overall structure.
The more leverage we employ, the more likely a substantial change will occur in our NAV. Accordingly, any event that adversely affects the value of an investment would be magnified to the extent leverage is utilized. For instance, any decrease in our income would cause net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline could also negatively affect our ability to make distributions and other payments to our securityholders. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique. Our ability to service any debt that we incur will depend largely on our financial performance and will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. The cumulative effect of the use of leverage with respect to any investments in a market that moves adversely to such investments could result in a substantial loss that would be greater than if our investments were not leveraged.
As a registered closed-end management investment company, we will generally be required to meet certain asset coverage requirements, as defined under the 1940 Act, with respect to any senior securities. With respect to senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., borrowings or deemed borrowings), other than temporary borrowings as defined under the 1940 Act, we are required under current law to have an asset coverage of at least 300%, as measured at the time of borrowing and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness. With respect to senior securities that are stocks (i.e., shares of preferred stock), we are required under current law to have an asset coverage of at least 200%, as measured at the time of the issuance of any such shares of preferred stock and calculated as the ratio of our total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) over the aggregate amount of our outstanding senior securities representing indebtedness plus the aggregate liquidation preference of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. If legislation were passed that modifies this section of the 1940 Act and increases the amount of senior securities that we may incur, we may increase our leverage to the extent then permitted by the 1940 Act and the risks associated with an investment in us may increase.
If our asset coverage declines below 300% (or 200%, as applicable), we would not be able to incur additional debt or issue preferred stock, and could be required by law to sell a portion of our investments to repay some debt or redeem shares of preferred stock when it is disadvantageous to do so, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, and we may not be able to make certain distributions or pay dividends of an amount necessary to continue to be subject to tax as a RIC. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on the Adviser’s and our Board of Trustees’ assessment of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to us.
In addition, any debt facility into which we may enter would likely impose financial and operating covenants that restrict our business activities, including limitations that could hinder our ability to finance additional loans and investments or to make the distributions required to maintain our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code.
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The following table is furnished in response to the requirements of the SEC and illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our Shares assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below.
Assumed
Return on Our Portfolio (Net of Expenses Not Related to Borrowings) | -10% | -5% | 0% | 5% | 10% | |||||||||||||||
Corresponding return to Shareholders | -14.33% | -7.67% | -1.00% | 5.67% | 12.33% |
Based on our assumed leverage described above, our investment portfolio would have been required to experience an annual return of at least 0.75% to cover annual dividend and interest payments on our expected indebtedness.
Our investments may be highly subordinated and subject to leveraged securities risk.
Our portfolio includes equity and junior debt investments in CLOs, which involve a number of significant risks. CLOs are typically very highly levered (with CLO equity securities being leveraged approximately ten times), and therefore the junior equity and debt tranches in which we are currently invested and in which we invest will be subject to a higher degree of risk of total loss. In particular, investors in CLO securities indirectly bear risks of the collateral held by such CLOs. We generally have the right to receive payments only from the CLOs, and generally not have direct rights against the underlying borrowers or the entity that sponsored the CLO. While the CLOs we target generally enable an equity investor therein to acquire interests in a pool of senior secured loans without the expenses associated with directly holding the same investments, we generally pay a proportionate share of the CLOs’ administrative, management and other expenses, if we make a CLO equity investment. In addition, we may have the option in certain CLOs to contribute additional amounts to the CLO issuer for purposes of acquiring additional assets or curing coverage tests, thereby increasing our overall exposure and capital at risk to such CLO. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of assets underlying CLOs will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of the CLOs’ securities) are influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. The interests we acquire in CLOs generally are thinly traded or have only a limited trading market. CLO securities are typically privately offered and sold, even in the secondary market. As a result, investments in CLO securities are illiquid.
We and our investments are subject to risks associated with investing in high-yield and unrated, or “junk,” securities.
We invest primarily in securities that are rated below investment grade or, in the case of CLO equity securities, are not rated by a national securities rating service. The primary assets underlying our CLO security investments are senior secured loans, although these transactions may allow for limited exposure to other asset classes including unsecured loans, high yield bonds, emerging market loans or bonds and structured finance securities with underlying exposure to CBO and CDO tranches, residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities, trust preferred securities and other types of securitizations. CLOs generally invest in lower-rated debt securities that are typically rated below Baa/BBB by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch. In addition, we may obtain direct exposure to such financial assets/instruments. Securities that are not rated or are rated lower than Baa by Moody’s or lower than BBB by S&P or Fitch are sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk.” High-yield debt securities have greater credit and liquidity risk than investment grade obligations. High-yield debt securities are generally unsecured and may be subordinated to certain other obligations of the issuer thereof. The lower rating of high-yield debt securities and below investment grade loans reflects a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of an issuer or in general economic conditions or both may impair the ability of the issuer thereof to make payments of principal or interest.
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Risks of high-yield debt securities may include:
(1) | limited liquidity and secondary market support; |
(2) | substantial marketplace volatility resulting from changes in prevailing interest rates; |
(3) | subordination to the prior claims of banks and other senior lenders; |
(4) | the operation of mandatory sinking fund or call/redemption provisions during periods of declining interest rates that could cause the CLO issuer to reinvest premature redemption proceeds in lower-yielding debt obligations; |
(5) | the possibility that earnings of the high-yield debt security issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service; |
(6) | the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer of such high-yield debt securities during periods of rising interest rates and/or economic downturn; and |
(7) | greater susceptibility to losses and real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher grade securities |
An economic downturn or an increase in interest rates could severely disrupt the market for high-yield debt securities and adversely affect the value of outstanding high-yield debt securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to repay principal and interest.
Issuers of high-yield debt securities may be highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. The risk associated with acquiring (directly or indirectly) the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with highly rated securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, issuers of high-yield debt securities may be more likely to experience financial stress, especially if such issuers are highly leveraged. During such periods, timely service of debt obligations also may be adversely affected by specific issuer developments, or the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss due to default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of high-yield debt securities because such securities may be unsecured and may be subordinated to obligations owed to other creditors of the issuer of such securities. In addition, the CLO issuer may incur additional expenses to the extent it (or any investment manager) is required to seek recovery upon a default on a high yield bond (or any other debt obligation) or participate in the restructuring of such obligation.
A portion of the loans held by CLOs in which we invest may consist of second lien loans. Second lien loans are secured by liens on the collateral securing the loan that are subordinated to the liens of at least one other class of obligations of the related obligor, and thus, the ability of the CLO issuer to exercise remedies after a second lien loan becomes a defaulted obligation is subordinated to, and limited by, the rights of the senior creditors holding such other classes of obligations. In many circumstances, the CLO issuer may be prevented from foreclosing on the collateral securing a second lien loan until the related first lien loan is paid in full. Moreover, any amounts that might be realized as a result of collection efforts or in connection with a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding involving a second lien loan must generally be turned over to the first lien secured lender until the first lien secured lender has realized the full value of its own claims. In addition, certain of the second lien loans contain provisions requiring the CLO issuer’s interest in the collateral to be released in certain circumstances. These lien and payment obligation subordination provisions may materially and adversely affect the ability of the CLO issuer to realize value from second lien loans and adversely affect the fair value of and income from our investment in the CLO’s securities.
We are subject to risks associated with loan assignments and participations.
We, or the CLOs in which we invest, may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of assignment, or “Assignments”) or indirectly (by way of participation, or “Participations”). The purchaser by an Assignment of a loan obligation typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the selling institution and becomes a lender under the loan or credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation. In contrast, Participations acquired by us or the CLOs in which we invest in a portion of a debt obligation held by a selling institution, or the “Selling Institution,” typically result in a contractual relationship only with such Selling Institution, not with the obligor. We or the CLOs in which we invest would have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which we (or the CLOs in which we invest) are entitled under the Participation only from the Selling Institution and only upon receipt by the Selling Institution of such payments from the obligor. In purchasing a Participation, we or the CLOs in which we invest generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan or credit agreement or other instrument evidencing such debt obligation, nor any rights of setoff against the obligor, and we or the CLOs in which we invest may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the Participation. As a result, we or the CLOs in which we invest would assume the credit risk of both the obligor and the Selling Institution. In the event of the insolvency of the Selling Institution, we or the CLOs in which we invest will be treated as a general creditor of the Selling Institution in respect of the Participation and may not benefit from any setoff between the Selling Institution and the obligor.
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The holder of a Participation in a debt obligation may not have the right to vote to waive enforcement of any default by an obligor. Selling Institutions commonly reserve the right to administer the debt obligations sold by them as they see fit and to amend the documentation evidencing such debt obligations in all respects. However, most participation agreements with respect to senior secured loans provide that the Selling Institution may not vote in favor of any amendment, modification or waiver that (1) forgives principal, interest or fees, (2) reduces principal, interest or fees that are payable, (3) postpones any payment of principal (whether a scheduled payment or a mandatory prepayment), interest or fees or (4) releases any material guarantee or security without the consent of the participant (at least to the extent the participant would be affected by any such amendment, modification or waiver).
A Selling Institution voting in connection with a potential waiver of a default by an obligor may have interests different from ours, and the Selling Institution might not consider our interests in connection with its vote. In addition, many participation agreements with respect to senior secured loans that provide voting rights to the participant further provide that, if the participant does not vote in favor of amendments, modifications or waivers, the Selling Institution may repurchase such Participation at par. An investment by us in a synthetic security related to a loan involves many of the same considerations relevant to Participations.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
High-yield investments, including subordinated CLO securities and collateral held by CLOs in which we invest, generally have limited liquidity. As a result, prices of high-yield investments have at times experienced significant and rapid decline when a substantial number of holders (or a few holders of a significantly large “block” of the securities) decided to sell. In addition, we (or the CLOs in which we invest) may have difficulty disposing of certain high-yield investments because there may be a thin trading market for such securities. To the extent that a secondary trading market for non-investment grade high-yield investments does exist, it would not be as liquid as the secondary market for highly rated investments. Reduced secondary market liquidity would have an adverse impact on the fair value of the securities and on our direct or indirect ability to dispose of particular securities in response to a specific economic event such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer of such securities.
As secondary market trading volumes increase, new loans frequently contain standardized documentation to facilitate loan trading that may improve market liquidity. There can be no assurance, however, that future levels of supply and demand in loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity or that the current level of liquidity will continue. Because holders of such loans are offered confidential information relating to the borrower, the unique and customized nature of the loan agreement, and the private syndication of the loan, loans are not purchased or sold as easily as publicly traded securities are purchased or sold. Although a secondary market may exist, risks similar to those described above in connection with an investment in high-yield debt investments are also applicable to investments in lower rated loans.
The securities issued by CLOs generally offer less liquidity than other investment grade or high-yield corporate debt, and are subject to certain transfer restrictions that impose certain financial and other eligibility requirements on prospective transferees. Other investments that we may purchase in privately negotiated transactions may also be illiquid or subject to legal restrictions on their transfer. As a result of this illiquidity, our ability to sell certain investments quickly, or at all, in response to changes in economic and other conditions and to receive a fair price when selling such investments may be limited, which could prevent us from making sales to mitigate losses on such investments. In addition, CLOs are subject to the possibility of liquidation upon an event of default, which could result in full loss of value to the CLO equity and junior debt investors. CLO equity tranches are the most likely tranche to suffer a loss of all of their value in these circumstances.
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We may be exposed to counterparty risk.
We may be exposed to counterparty risk, which could make it difficult for us or the CLOs in which we invest to collect on the obligations represented by investments and result in significant losses.
We may hold investments (including synthetic securities) that would expose us to the credit risk of our counterparties or the counterparties of the CLOs in which it invests. In the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency of such a counterparty, we or a CLO in which such an investment is held could suffer significant losses, including the loss of that part of our or the CLO’s portfolio financed through such a transaction, declines in the value of our investment, including declines that may occur during an applicable stay period, the inability to realize any gains on our investment during such period and fees and expenses incurred in enforcing our rights. If the CLO enters into or owns synthetic securities, the CLO may fall within the definition of “commodity pool” under new CFTC rules, and the collateral manager of the CLO may be required to register as a commodity pool operator with the CFTC, which could increase costs for the CLO and reduce amounts available to pay to the residual tranche.
In addition, with respect to certain swaps and synthetic securities, neither a CLO nor we usually has a contractual relationship with the entities, referred to as “Reference Entities” whose payment obligations are the subject of the relevant swap agreement or security. Therefore, neither the CLOs nor we generally have a right to directly enforce compliance by the Reference Entity with the terms of this kind of underlying obligation, any rights of set-off against the Reference Entity or any voting rights with respect to the underlying obligation. Neither the CLOs nor we will directly benefit from the collateral supporting the underlying obligation and will not have the benefit of the remedies that would normally be available to a holder of such underlying obligation.
Furthermore, we may invest in unsecured notes which are linked to loans or other assets held by a bank or other financial institution on its balance sheet (so called “credit-linked notes”). Although the credit-linked notes are tied to the underlying performance of the assets held by the bank, such credit-linked notes are not secured by such assets, and we have no direct or indirect ownership of the underlying assets. Thus, as a holder of such credit-linked notes, we would be subject to counterparty risk of the bank which issues the credit-linked notes (in addition to the risk associated with the assets themselves). To the extent the relevant bank experiences an insolvency event or goes into receivership, we may not receive payments on the credit-linked notes, or such payments may be delayed.
We are subject to risks associated with defaults on an underlying asset held by a CLO.
A default and any resulting loss as well as other losses on an underlying asset held by a CLO may reduce the fair value of our corresponding CLO investment. A wide range of factors could adversely affect the ability of the borrower of an underlying asset to make interest or other payments on that asset. To the extent that actual defaults and losses on the collateral of an investment exceed the level of defaults and losses factored into its purchase price, the value of the anticipated return from the investment will be reduced. The more deeply subordinated the tranche of securities in which we invest, the greater the risk of loss upon a default. For example, CLO equity is the most subordinated tranche within a CLO and is therefore subject to the greatest risk of loss resulting from defaults on the CLO’s collateral, whether due to bankruptcy or otherwise. Any defaults and losses in excess of expected default rates and loss model inputs will have a negative impact on the fair value of our investments, will reduce the cash flows that we receive from our investments, adversely affect the fair value of our assets and could adversely impact our ability to pay dividends. Furthermore, the holders of the junior equity and debt tranches typically have limited rights with respect to decisions made with respect to collateral following an event of default on a CLO. In some cases, the senior most class of notes can elect to liquidate the collateral even if the expected proceeds are not expected to be able to pay in full all classes of notes. We could experience a complete loss of our investment in such a scenario.
In addition, the collateral of CLOs may require substantial workout negotiations or restructuring in the event of a default or liquidation. Any such workout or restructuring is likely to lead to a substantial reduction in the interest rate of such asset and/or a substantial write-down or write-off of all or a portion the principal of such asset. Any such reduction in interest rates or principal will negatively affect the fair value of our portfolio.
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We are subject to risks associated with loan accumulation facilities.
We may invest capital in loan accumulation facilities, which are short- to medium-term facilities often provided by the bank that will serve as placement agent or arranger on a CLO transaction and which acquire loans on an interim basis which are expected to form part of the portfolio of a future CLO. Investments in loan accumulation facilities have risks similar to those applicable to investments in CLOs. Leverage is typically utilized in such a facility and as such the potential risk of loss will be increased for such facilities employing leverage. In the event a planned CLO is not consummated, or the loans are not eligible for purchase by the CLO, the Fund may be responsible for either holding or disposing of the loans. This could expose the Fund primarily to credit and/or mark-to-market losses, and other risks.
Furthermore, we likely will have no consent rights in respect of the loans to be acquired in such a facility and in the event we do have any consent rights, they will be limited. In the event a planned CLO is not consummated, or the loans are not eligible for purchase by the CLO, we may be responsible for either holding or disposing of the loans. This could expose us primarily to credit and/or mark-to-market losses, and other risks. Loan accumulation facilities typically incur leverage from four to six times prior to a CLO’s closing and as such the potential risk of loss will be increased for such facilities that employ leverage.
We are subject to risks associated with the bankruptcy or insolvency of an issuer or borrower of a loan that we hold or of an underlying asset held by a CLO in which we invest.
In the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency of an issuer or borrower of a loan that we hold or of an underlying asset held by a CLO or other vehicle in which we invest, a court or other governmental entity may determine that our claims or those of the relevant CLO are not valid or not entitled to the treatment we expected when making our initial investment decision.
Various laws enacted for the protection of debtors may apply to the underlying assets in our investment portfolio. The information in this and the following paragraph represents a brief summary of certain points only, is not intended to be an extensive summary of the relevant issues and is applicable with respect to U.S. issuers and borrowers only. The following is not intended to be a summary of all relevant risks. Similar avoidance provisions to those described below are sometimes available with respect to non-U.S. issuers or borrowers, and there is no assurance that this will be the case which may result in a much greater risk of partial or total loss of value in that underlying asset.
If a court in a lawsuit brought by an unpaid creditor or representative of creditors of an issuer or borrower of underlying assets, such as a trustee in bankruptcy, were to find that such issuer or borrower did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for incurring the indebtedness constituting such underlying assets and, after giving effect to such indebtedness, the issuer or borrower (1) was insolvent; (2) was engaged in a business for which the remaining assets of such issuer or borrower constituted unreasonably small capital; or (3) intended to incur, or believed that it would incur, debts beyond our ability to pay such debts as they mature, such court could decide to invalidate, in whole or in part, the indebtedness constituting the underlying assets as a fraudulent conveyance, to subordinate such indebtedness to existing or future creditors of the issuer or borrower or to recover amounts previously paid by the issuer or borrower in satisfaction of such indebtedness. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of an issuer or borrower of underlying assets, payments made on such underlying assets could be subject to avoidance as a “preference” if made within a certain period of time (which may be as long as one year under U.S. Federal bankruptcy law or even longer under state laws) before insolvency.
Our underlying assets may be subject to various laws for the protection of debtors in other jurisdictions, including the jurisdiction of incorporation of the issuer or borrower of such underlying assets and, if different, the jurisdiction from which it conducts business and in which it holds assets, any of which may adversely affect such issuer’s or borrower’s ability to make, or a creditor’s ability to enforce, payment in full, on a timely basis or at all. These insolvency considerations will differ depending on the jurisdiction in which an issuer or borrower or the related underlying assets are located and may differ depending on the legal status of the issuer or borrower.
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We are subject to risks associated with any hedging or Derivative Transactions in which we participate.
We may in the future purchase and sell a variety of derivative instruments. To the extent we engage in Derivative Transactions, we expect to do so primarily to hedge against credit risks. In particular, we anticipate that the Fund would implement such hedging strategy by purchasing exchange-traded swaps or options on indices comprised of credit default swaps (e.g., the CDX High Yield Index). We may also use Derivative Transactions to hedge against other forms of risk, including interest rate risk, or for other investment or risk management purposes. We may use Derivative Transactions for investment purposes to the extent consistent with our investment objectives if the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. Derivative Transactions may be volatile and involve various risks different from, and in certain cases, greater than the risks presented by other instruments. The primary risks related to Derivative Transactions include counterparty, correlation, illiquidity, leverage, volatility and OTC trading risks. A small investment in derivatives could have a large potential impact on our performance, effecting a form of investment leverage on our portfolio. In certain types of Derivative Transactions, we could lose the entire amount of our investment. In other types of Derivative Transactions, the potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
The following is a more detailed discussion of primary risk considerations related to the use of Derivative Transactions that investors should understand before investing in our securities.
Counterparty risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty in a Derivative Transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to us, or the risk that the reference entity in a credit default swap or similar derivative will not be able to honor its financial obligations. Certain participants in the derivatives market, including larger financial institutions, have experienced significant financial hardship and deteriorating credit conditions. If our counterparty to a Derivative Transaction experiences a loss of capital, or is perceived to lack adequate capital or access to capital, it may experience margin calls or other regulatory requirements to increase equity. Under such circumstances, the risk that a counterparty will be unable to honor its obligations may increase substantially. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt, we may experience significant delays in obtaining recovery (if at all) under the derivative contract in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding; if our claim is unsecured, we will be treated as a general creditor of such prime broker or counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. We may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances. The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivatives since generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the clearing house, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to us.
Correlation risk. When used for hedging purposes, an imperfect or variable degree of correlation between price movements of the derivative instrument and the underlying investment sought to be hedged may prevent us from achieving the intended hedging effect or expose us to the risk of loss. The imperfect correlation between the value of a derivative and our underlying assets may result in losses on the Derivative Transaction that are greater than the gain in the value of the underlying assets in our portfolio.
The Adviser may not hedge against a particular risk because it does not regard the probability of the risk occurring to be sufficiently high as to justify the cost of the hedge, or because it does not foresee the occurrence of the risk. These factors may have a significant negative effect on the fair value of our assets and the market value of our securities.
Liquidity risk. Derivative Transactions, especially when traded in large amounts, may not be liquid in all circumstances, so that in volatile markets we would not be able to close out a position without incurring a loss. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets may experience a lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on exchanges on which we may conduct transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting us to the potential of greater losses.
Leverage risk. Trading in Derivative Transactions can result in significant leverage and risk of loss. Thus, the leverage offered by trading in derivative instruments will magnify the gains and losses we experience and could cause our NAV to be subject to wider fluctuations than would be the case if we did not use the leverage feature in derivative instruments.
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Volatility risk. The prices of many derivative instruments, including many options and swaps, are highly volatile. Price movements of options contracts and payments pursuant to swap agreements are influenced by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events and policies. The value of options and swap agreements also depends upon the price of the securities or currencies underlying them.
OTC trading. Derivative Transactions that may be purchased or sold may include instruments not traded on an organized market. The risk of non-performance by the counterparty to such Derivative Transaction may be greater and the ease with which we can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to such an instrument may be less than in the case of an exchange traded instrument. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for certain derivative instruments that are not traded on an exchange. Such instruments are often valued subjectively and may result in mispricings or improper valuations. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value, or both. In contrast, cleared derivative transactions benefit from daily marked-to-market pricing and settlement, and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections; however, certain uncleared derivative transactions are subject to minimum margin requirements which may require us and our counterparties to exchange collateral based on daily marked-to-market pricing. OTC trading generally exposes us to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing us to suffer a loss. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where we have concentrated our transactions with a single or small group of counterparties.
We may be subject to risks associated with investments in other investment companies.
We may invest in securities of other investment companies subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act. These limitations include in certain circumstances a prohibition on us acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any other investment company, and a prohibition on investing more than 5% of our total assets in securities of any one investment company or more than 10% of our total assets in securities of all investment companies. We will indirectly bear our proportionate share of any management fees and other expenses paid by such other investment companies, in addition to the fees and expenses that we regularly bear. We may only invest in other investment companies to the extent that the asset class exposure in such investment companies is consistent with the permissible asset class exposure for us had we invested directly in securities, and the portfolios of such investment companies are subject to similar risks as we are.
Investors will bear indirectly the fees and expenses of the CLO equity securities in which we invest.
Investors will bear indirectly the fees and expenses (including management fees and other operating expenses) of the CLO equity securities in which we invest. CLO collateral manager fees are charged on the total assets of a CLO but are assumed to be paid from the residual cash flows after interest payments to the CLO senior debt tranches. Therefore, these CLO collateral manager fees (which generally range from 0.35% to 0.50% of a CLO’s total assets) are effectively much higher when allocated only to the CLO equity tranche. The calculation does not include any other operating expense ratios of the CLOs, as these amounts are not routinely reported to shareholders on a basis consistent with this methodology; however, it is estimated that additional operating expenses of 0.30% to 0.70% could be incurred. In addition, CLO collateral managers may earn fees based on a percentage of the CLO’s equity cash flows after the CLO equity has earned a cash-on-cash return of its capital and achieved a specified “hurdle” rate.
We and our investments are subject to reinvestment risk.
As part of the ordinary management of its portfolio, a CLO will typically generate cash from asset repayments and sales and reinvest those proceeds in substitute assets, subject to compliance with its investment tests and certain other conditions. The earnings with respect to such substitute assets will depend on the quality of reinvestment opportunities available at the time. If the CLO collateral manager causes the CLO to purchase substitute assets at a lower yield than those initially acquired (for example, during periods of loan compression or need to satisfy the CLO’s covenants) or sale proceeds are maintained temporarily in cash, it would reduce the excess interest-related cash flow that the CLO collateral manager is able to achieve. The investment tests may incentivize a CLO collateral manager to cause the CLO to buy riskier assets than it otherwise would, which could result in additional losses. These factors could reduce our return on investment and may have a negative effect on the fair value of our assets and the market value of our securities. In addition, the reinvestment period for a CLO may terminate early, which would cause the holders of the CLO’s securities to receive principal payments earlier than anticipated. In addition, in most CLO transactions, CLO debt investors are subject to the risk that the holders of a majority of the equity tranche, who can direct a call or refinancing of a CLO, causing such CLO’s outstanding CLO debt securities to be repaid at par earlier than expected. There can be no assurance that we will be able to reinvest such amounts in an alternative investment that provides a comparable return relative to the credit risk assumed.
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We and our investments are subject to risks associated with non-U.S. investing.
While we invest primarily in CLOs that hold underlying U.S. assets, these CLOs may be organized outside the United States and we may also invest in CLOs that hold collateral that are non-U.S. assets.
Investing in foreign entities may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, restrictions on the types or amounts of investment, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the U.S., higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards, currency fluctuations and greater price volatility. Further, we, and the CLOs in which we invest, may have difficulty enforcing creditor’s rights in foreign jurisdictions.
In addition, international trade tensions may arise from time to time which could result in trade tariffs, embargoes or other restrictions or limitations on trade. The imposition of any actions on trade could trigger a significant reduction in international trade, supply chain disruptions, an oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies or industries, which could have a negative impact on the value of the CLO securities that we hold.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have failed to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in periods when our assets are uninvested. Our inability to make intended investments due to settlement problems or the risk of intermediary counterparty failures could cause it to miss investment opportunities. The inability to dispose of an investment due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the funds due to subsequent declines in the value of such investment or, if we have entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser. Transaction costs of buying and selling foreign securities also are generally higher than those involved in domestic transactions. Furthermore, foreign financial markets have, for the most part, substantially less volume than U.S. markets, and securities of many foreign companies are less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities of comparable domestic companies.
The economies of individual non-U.S. countries may also differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, volatility of currency exchange rates, depreciation, capital reinvestment, resources self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Currency Risk. Any of our investments that are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars will be subject to the risk that the value of such currency will decrease in relation to the U.S. dollar. Although we will consider hedging any non-U.S. dollar exposures back to U.S. dollars, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to other currencies in which we make investments would otherwise reduce the effect of increases and magnify the effect of decreases in the prices of our non-U.S. dollar denominated investments in their local markets. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates will similarly affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of any interest, dividends or other payments made that are denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars.
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Any unrealized losses we experience on our portfolio may be an indication of future realized losses, which could reduce our income available for distribution or to make payments on our other obligations.
As a registered closed-end management investment company, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at the fair value as determined in good faith by our Board of Trustees. Decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments are recorded as unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized losses in our portfolio could be an indication of an issuer’s inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to the affected investments. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income available for distribution or to make payments on our other obligations in future periods.
If our distributions exceed our taxable income and capital gains realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to our Shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable to our Shareholders. However, a return of capital distribution will reduce a Shareholder’s cost basis in the Shares on which the distribution was received, thereby potentially resulting in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those Shares are sold or otherwise disposed of.
A portion of our income and fees may not be qualifying income for purposes of the income source requirement.
Some of the income and fees that we may recognize will not satisfy the qualifying income requirement applicable to RICs. In order to ensure that such income and fees do not disqualify us as a RIC for a failure to satisfy such requirement, we may need to recognize such income and fees indirectly through one or more entities classified as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such corporations will be subject to U.S. corporate income tax on their earnings, which ultimately will reduce our return on such income and fees.
Risks Relating to an Investment in Our Securities
We and the Adviser could be the target of litigation.
We or the Adviser could become the target of securities class action litigation or other similar claims. The outcome of any such proceedings could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or operating results and could continue without resolution for long periods of time. Any litigation or other similar claims could consume substantial amounts of our management’s time and attention, and that time and attention and the devotion of associated resources could, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake. Litigation and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties, and a material adverse impact on our financial statements could occur for the period in which the effect of an unfavorable final outcome in litigation or other similar claims becomes probable and reasonably estimable. In addition, we could incur expenses associated with defending ourselves against litigation and other similar claims, and these expenses could be material to our earnings in future periods.
Our Shareholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage if they do not participate in our distribution reinvestment plan.
All distributions declared in cash payable to Shareholders that are participants in our distribution reinvestment plan are reinvested in Shares. As a result, our Shareholders that do not participate in our distribution reinvestment plan will experience dilution in their ownership percentage of our Shares over time.
Our preferred stock (if any) and debt securities (if any) may cause the NAV of our Shares to be more volatile.
To the extent that we issue preferred stock or debt securities, such preferred stock or debt securities may cause the NAV of our Shares to become more volatile. If the dividend rate on our outstanding preferred stock or interest rate payable on indebtedness were to approach the net rate of return on our investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the common shareholders would be reduced. If the dividend rate on the preferred stock or interest rate payable on indebtedness were to exceed the net rate of return on our portfolio, the leverage would result in a lower rate of return to the Shareholders than if we had not issued preferred stock. Any decline in the NAV of our investments would be borne entirely by Shareholders. Therefore, if the market value of our portfolio were to decline, the leverage would result in a greater decrease in NAV to Shareholders than if we were not leveraged through the issuance of preferred stock and debt securities. We might be in danger of failing to maintain the required asset coverage of the preferred stock or indebtedness or of losing our ratings, if any, on the preferred stock or indebtedness or, in an extreme case, our current investment income might not be sufficient to meet the dividend requirements on the preferred stock or interest rate payable on indebtedness. In order to counteract such an event, we might need to liquidate investments in order to fund a redemption of some or all of the preferred stock or debt. In addition, we would pay (and Shareholders would bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and ongoing maintenance of the preferred stock or indebtedness, including higher advisory fees if our total return exceeds the dividend rate on the preferred stock.
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Legislative or regulatory tax changes could adversely affect investors.
At any time, the federal income tax laws governing RICs or the administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be amended. The Biden Administration has announced a number of tax law proposals, including American Families Plan and Made in America Tax Plan, which include increases in the corporate and individual tax rates, and impose a minimum tax on book income and profits of certain multinational corporations. Any new laws, regulations or interpretations may take effect retroactively and could adversely affect the taxation of us or our shareholders. Therefore, changes in tax laws, regulations or administrative interpretations or any amendments thereto could diminish the value of an investment in our shares or the value or the resale potential of our investments.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure
Our investment portfolio is recorded at fair value, with our Board of Trustees having final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and determining, in accordance with the 1940 Act, the fair value of our investments. As a result, there will be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments.
Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined by us in accordance with our written valuation policy, with our Board of Trustees having final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and determining, in accordance with the 1940 Act, the fair value of our investments. Typically, there is no public market for the type of investments we target. We expect a majority of our investments to be categorized as Level 2 and Level 3 assets. We value these securities based on relevant information compiled by the Adviser and third-party pricing services (when available), and with the oversight, review and acceptance by our Board of Trustees.
The determination of fair value and, consequently, the amount of unrealized gains and losses in our portfolio, are to a certain degree subjective and dependent on a valuation process approved and overseen by our Board of Trustees. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of our investments include non-binding indicative bids and the number of trades (and the size and timing of each trade) in an investment. Valuation of certain investments is also based, in part, upon third party valuation models which take into account various market inputs. Investors should be aware that the models, information and/or underlying assumptions utilized by us or such models will not always allow us to correctly capture the fair value of an asset. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of securities that are not publicly traded like those we hold, are inherently uncertain, they may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates. Our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an active public market for these securities existed. Our determinations of the fair value of our investments have a material impact on our net earnings through the recording of unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments and may cause our NAV on a given date to understate or overstate, possibly materially, the value that we may ultimately realize on one or more of our investments. See “Conflicts of Interest — Valuation.”
Our financial condition and results of operations depend on the Adviser’s ability to effectively manage and deploy capital.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on the Adviser’s ability to effectively manage and deploy capital, which depends, in turn, on the Adviser’s ability to identify, evaluate and monitor, and our ability to acquire, investments that meet our investment criteria.
Accomplishing our investment objectives on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of the Adviser’s handling of the investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services and our access to investments offering acceptable terms, either in the primary or secondary markets. Even if we are able to grow and build upon our investment operations, any failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The results of our operations will depend on many factors, including the availability of opportunities for investment, readily accessible short and long-term funding alternatives in the financial markets and economic conditions. Furthermore, if we cannot successfully operate our business or implement our investment policies and strategies as described in this prospectus, it could adversely impact our ability to pay dividends. In addition, because the trading methods employed by the Adviser on our behalf are proprietary, Shareholders will not be able to determine details of such methods or whether they are being followed.
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We are reliant on Eagle Point Credit Management continuing to serve as the Adviser.
The Adviser manages our investments. Consequently, our success depends, in large part, upon the services of the Adviser and the skill and expertise of the Adviser’s professional personnel, in particular, Thomas P. Majewski. Incapacity of Mr. Majewski could have a material and adverse effect on our performance. There can be no assurance that the professional personnel of the Adviser will continue to serve in their current positions or continue to be employed by the Adviser. We can offer no assurance that their services will be available for any length of time or that the Adviser will continue indefinitely as our investment adviser.
The Adviser and the Administrator each has the right to resign on 90 days’ notice, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
The Adviser has the right, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, and the Administrator has the right under the Administration Agreement, to resign at any time upon 90 days’ written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If the Adviser or the Administrator resigns, we may not be able to find a new investment adviser or hire internal management, or find a new administrator, as the case may be, with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 90 days, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our operations are likely to experience a disruption, our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to make distributions to our Shareholders and other payments to securityholders, are likely to be adversely affected. In addition, the coordination of our internal management and investment activities is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by the Adviser and the Administrator and their affiliates. Even if we are able to retain comparable management and administration, whether internal or external, the integration of such management and their lack of familiarity with our investment objectives and operations would likely result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
Our success will depend on the ability of the Adviser to attract and retain qualified personnel in a competitive environment.
Our growth will require that the Adviser attract and retain new investment and administrative personnel in a competitive market. The Adviser’s ability to attract and retain personnel with the requisite credentials, experience and skills will depend on several factors including its ability to offer competitive compensation, benefits and professional growth opportunities. Many of the entities, including investment funds (such as private equity funds, mezzanine funds and business development companies) and traditional financial services companies, with which the Adviser will compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than the Adviser has.
There are significant actual and potential conflicts of interest which could impact our investment returns.
Our executive officers and Trustees, and the Adviser and certain of its affiliates and their officers and employees, including the Senior Investment Team, have several conflicts of interest as a result of the other activities in which they engage. For example, the members of the Adviser’s investment team are and may in the future become affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to ours, including ECC and EIC, and may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time. Moreover, each member of the Senior Investment Team is engaged in other business activities which divert their time and attention. The professional staff of the Adviser will devote as much time to us as such professionals deem appropriate to perform their duties in accordance with the Investment Advisory Agreement. However, such persons may be committed to providing investment advisory and other services for other clients, and engage in other business ventures in which we have no interest. As a result of these separate business activities, the Adviser has conflicts of interest in allocating management time, services and functions among us, other advisory clients and other business ventures. See “Conflicts of Interest.”
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Our Management Fee is directly impacted by the Fund’s leverage.
Leverage will directly impact the total Management Fee which is calculated based of the Fund’s Managed Assets. Therefore, any increase in leverage will increase the Management Fee. In addition, the fact that the Management Fee is payable based upon our Managed Assets, which would include any borrowings for investment purposes, creates an incentive for the Adviser to cause the Fund to use leverage to make additional investments, including when it may not be appropriate to do so.
Our incentive fee structure may incentivize the Adviser to pursue speculative investments, use leverage when it may be unwise to do so, or refrain from de-levering when it would otherwise be appropriate to do so.
The incentive fee payable by us to the Adviser may create an incentive for the Adviser to pursue investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. Such a practice could result in our investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during economic downturns. The incentive fee payable to the Adviser is based on our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, as calculated in accordance with our Investment Advisory Agreement. This may encourage the Adviser to use leverage to increase the return on our investments, even when it may not be appropriate to do so, and to refrain from de-levering when it would otherwise be appropriate to do so. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would impair the value of our securities. See “— Risks Related to Our Investments — We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us.”
A general increase in interest rates may have the effect of making it easier for the Adviser to receive incentive fees, without necessarily resulting in an increase in our net earnings.
Given the structure of our Investment Advisory Agreement with Eagle Point Credit Management, any general increase in interest rates will likely have the effect of making it easier for the Adviser to meet the quarterly hurdle rate for payment of income incentive fees under the Investment Advisory Agreement without any additional increase in relative performance on the part of the Adviser. This risk is more acute in a historic low interest rate environment, such as the one we are in now. In addition, in view of the catch-up provision applicable to income incentive fees under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser could potentially receive a significant portion of the increase in our investment income attributable to such a general increase in interest rates. If that were to occur, our increase in net earnings, if any, would likely be significantly smaller (due to increases in interest expenses that the Fund may bear) than the relative increase in the Adviser’s income incentive fee resulting from such a general increase in interest rates.
We may be obligated to pay the Adviser incentive compensation even if we incur a loss or with respect to investment income that we have accrued but not received.
The Adviser is entitled to incentive compensation for each fiscal quarter based on our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, for the immediately preceding calendar quarter above a performance threshold for that quarter. Accordingly, since the performance threshold is based on a percentage of our NAV, decreases in our NAV make it easier to achieve the performance threshold. Our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for incentive compensation purposes excludes realized and unrealized capital losses or depreciation that we may incur in the fiscal quarter, even if such capital losses or depreciation result in a net loss on our statement of operations for that quarter. Thus, we may be required to pay the Adviser incentive compensation for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or we incur a net loss for that quarter. In addition, Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes accrued income that we have not yet received in cash. The Adviser is not obligated to return the Incentive Fee based on accrued income that is later determined to be uncollectible in cash.
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The Adviser’s liability is limited under the Investment Advisory Agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify the Adviser against certain liabilities, which may lead the Adviser to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser does not assume any responsibility to us other than to render the services called for under the agreement, and it is not responsible for any action of our Board of Trustees in following or declining to follow the Adviser’s advice or recommendations. The Adviser maintains a contractual and fiduciary relationship with us. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser, its officers, managers, members, agents, employees and other affiliates are not liable to us for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, except those resulting from acts constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the Adviser’s duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify the Adviser and each of its officers, managers, members, agents, employees and other affiliates from and against all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable legal fees and other amounts reasonably paid in settlement) incurred by such persons arising out of or based on performance by the Adviser of its obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement, except where attributable to willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the Adviser’s duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. These protections may lead the Adviser to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
The Adviser may not be able to achieve the same or similar returns as those achieved by other portfolios managed by the Senior Investment Team.
Although the Senior Investment Team manages other investment portfolios, including accounts using investment objectives, investment strategies and investment policies similar to ours, we cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve the results realized by any other vehicles managed by the Senior Investment Team.
We may experience fluctuations in our NAV and quarterly operating results.
We could experience fluctuations in our NAV due to a number of factors, including the timing of distributions to our Shareholders, fluctuations in the value of the CLO securities that we hold, our ability or inability to make investments that meet our investment criteria, the interest and other income earned on our investments, the level of our expenses (including any interest or dividend rate payable on the debt securities or preferred stock we may issue), variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. As a result of these factors, our NAV and results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of our NAV and results in future periods.
Our Board of Trustees may change our operating policies and strategies without shareholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse.
Our board of trustees has the authority to modify or waive our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies, other than those that we have deemed to be fundamental, without prior shareholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies would have on our business, NAV, operating results and value of our securities. However, the effects of any such changes could adversely impact our ability to pay dividends and cause you to lose all or part of your investment.
We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to maintain our RIC status for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Although we intend to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code beginning with our first tax year, and intend to qualify as a RIC in each of our succeeding tax years, we can offer no assurance that we will be able to maintain RIC status. To obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code, we must meet certain annual distribution, income source and asset diversification requirements.
The annual distribution requirement for a RIC will be satisfied if we distribute dividends to our Shareholders each tax year of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of the sum of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. Because we use debt financing, we are subject to certain asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act and may be subject to financial covenants that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
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The income source requirement will be satisfied if we obtain at least 90% of our income for each tax year from dividends, interest, gains from the sale of our securities or similar sources.
The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset composition requirements at the end of each quarter of our tax year. Failure to meet those requirements may result in our having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because most of our investments are expected to be in CLO securities for which there will likely be no active public market, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses.
If we fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment for any reason and remain or become subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For federal income tax purposes, we will include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount or market discount, which may arise if we acquire a debt security at a significant discount to par, or payment-in-kind interest, which represents contractual interest added to the principal amount of a debt security and due at the maturity of the debt security. We also may be required to include in income certain other amounts that we have not yet, and may not ever, receive in cash. Our investments in payment-in-kind interest may represent a higher credit risk than loans for which interest must be paid in full in cash on a regular basis. For example, even if the accounting conditions for income accrual are met, the issuer of the security could still default when our actual collection is scheduled to occur upon maturity of the obligation.
Since, in certain cases, we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. In addition, since our incentive fee is payable on our income recognized, rather than cash received, we may be required to pay advisory fees on income before or without receiving cash representing such income. Accordingly, we may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
Our cash distributions to Shareholders may change and a portion of our distributions to Shareholders may be a return of capital.
The amount of our cash distributions may increase or decrease at the discretion of our Board, based upon its assessment of the amount of income generated, the amount of cash available to us for this purpose and other factors. Unless we are able to generate sufficient cash through the successful implementation of our investment strategy, we may need to reduce the level of our cash distributions in the future. In addition, we may not be able to sustain our current level of distributions even if we successfully implement our investment strategy. Further, to the extent that the portion of the cash generated from our investments that is recorded as interest income for financial reporting purposes is less than the amount of our distributions, all or a portion of one or more of our future distributions, if declared, may comprise a return of capital. Accordingly, Shareholders should not assume that the sole source of any of our distributions is net investment income. See “— Risks Related to Our Investments — Our investments are subject to prepayment risk” and “— Any unrealized losses we experience on our portfolio may be an indication of future realized losses, which could reduce our income available for distribution or to make payments on our other obligations.”
Our Shareholders may receive shares of our Shares as distributions, which could result in adverse tax consequences to them.
In order to satisfy certain annual distribution requirements to maintain RIC tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code, we may, if we have the ability to, declare a large portion of a distribution in shares of our Shares instead of in cash even if a shareholder has opted out of participation in the DRIP. As per IRS guidance applicable to publicly offered RICs, as long as at least 20% of such distribution (10% with respect to distributions declared on or after November 1, 2021 and on or before June 30, 2022) is paid in cash and certain requirements are met, the entire distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a shareholder generally would be subject to tax on 100% of the fair market value of the distribution on the date the distribution is received by the shareholder in the same manner as a cash distribution, even though most of the distribution was paid in Shares.
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Because we expect to distribute substantially all of our ordinary income and net realized capital gains to our Shareholders, we may need additional capital to finance the acquisition of new investments and such capital may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.
In order to maintain our RIC status, we are required to distribute at least 90% of the sum of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. As a result, these earnings will not be available to fund new investments, and we will need additional capital to fund growth in our investment portfolio. If we fail to obtain additional capital, we could be forced to curtail or cease new investment activities, which could adversely affect our business, operations and results. Even if available, if we are not able to obtain such capital on favorable terms, it could adversely affect our net investment income.
A disruption or downturn in the capital markets and the credit markets could impair our ability to raise capital and negatively affect our business.
We may be materially affected by market, economic and political conditions globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which we invest or operate, including conditions affecting interest rates and the availability of credit. Unexpected volatility, illiquidity, governmental action, currency devaluation or other events in the global markets in which we directly or indirectly hold positions could impair our ability to carry out our business and could cause us to incur substantial losses. These factors are outside our control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of our investments, and may reduce our ability to make attractive new investments.
In particular, economic and financial market conditions significantly deteriorated for a significant part of the past decade as compared to prior periods. Global financial markets experienced considerable declines in the valuations of equity and debt securities, an acute contraction in the availability of credit and the failure of a number of leading financial institutions. As a result, certain government bodies and central banks worldwide, including the U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Federal Reserve, undertook unprecedented intervention programs, the effects of which remain uncertain. Although certain financial markets have improved, to the extent economic conditions experienced during the past decade recur, they may adversely impact our investments. Signs of deteriorating sovereign debt conditions in Europe and elsewhere and uncertainty regarding the policies of the current U.S. presidential administration, including with regard to the imposition of trade tariffs, embargoes or other restrictions or limitations on trade, could lead to further disruption in the global markets. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union (“EU”) and the United Kingdom entered a transition period that expired on December 31, 2020. On December 24, 2020, negotiators representing the United Kingdom and the EU came to a preliminary trade agreement, the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“TCA”), which is an agreement on the terms governing certain aspects of the EU’s and United Kingdom’s relationship following the end of the transition period. On December 30, 2020, the United Kingdom and the EU signed the TCA, which was ratified by the British Parliament on the same day. The TCA was subsequently ratified by the EU Parliament and entered into force on May 1, 2021. However, many aspects of the UK-EU trade relationship remain subject to further negotiation. Due to political uncertainty, it is not possible to anticipate the form or nature of the future trading relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU. It may have a destabilizing effect on some of the remaining members of the EU. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events, and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the Adviser will prove correct, and actual events and circumstances may vary significantly.
We may be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution may cause a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and may adversely affect financial intermediaries with which we interact in the conduct of our business.
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We also may be subject to risk arising from a broad sell off or other shift in the credit markets, which may adversely impact our income and NAV. In addition, if the value of our assets declines substantially, we may fail to maintain the minimum asset coverage imposed upon us by the 1940 Act. See “— Risks Related to Our Investments — We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us” and “Regulation as a Closed-End Management Investment Company.” Any such failure would affect our ability to issue preferred stock, debt securities and other senior securities, including borrowings, and may affect our ability to pay distributions on our capital stock, which could materially impair our business operations. Our liquidity could be impaired further by an inability to access the capital markets or to obtain additional debt financing. For example, we cannot be certain that we would be able to obtain debt financing on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. See “— If we are unable to obtain, and/or refinance debt capital, our business could be materially adversely affected.” In previous market cycles, many lenders and institutional investors have previously reduced or ceased lending to borrowers. In the event of such type of market turmoil and tightening of credit, increased market volatility and widespread reduction of business activity could occur, thereby limiting our investment opportunities. Moreover, we are unable to predict when economic and market conditions may be favorable in future periods. Even if market conditions are broadly favorable over the long term, adverse conditions in particular sectors of the financial markets could adversely impact our business.
If we are unable to obtain and/or refinance debt capital, our business could be materially adversely affected.
If we are unable to obtain or refinance debt capital on commercially reasonable terms, our liquidity will be lower than it would have been with the benefit of such financings, which would limit our ability to grow our business. In addition, holders of our Shares would not benefit from the potential for increased returns on equity that incurring leverage creates. Any such limitations on our ability to grow and take advantage of leverage may decrease our earnings, if any, and distributions to Shareholders, which in turn may lower the trading price of our Shares. In addition, in such event, we may need to liquidate certain of our investments, which may be difficult to sell if required, meaning that we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments. Furthermore, to the extent we are not able to raise capital and are at or near our targeted leverage ratios, we may receive smaller allocations, if any, on new investment opportunities under the Adviser’s allocation policy.
Debt capital that is available to us in the future, if any, including upon the refinancing of then-existing debt prior to its maturity, may be at a higher cost and on less favorable terms and conditions than costs and other terms and conditions at which we can currently obtain debt capital. In addition, if we are unable to repay amounts outstanding under any such debt financings and are declared in default or are unable to renew or refinance these debt financings, we may not be able to make new investments or operate our business in the normal course. These situations may arise due to circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as lack of access to the credit markets, a severe decline in the value of the U.S. dollar, an economic downturn or an operational problem that affects third parties or us, and could materially damage our business.
We may be more susceptible than a diversified fund to being adversely affected by any single corporate, economic, political or regulatory occurrence.
We are classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. As a result, we can invest a greater portion of our assets in obligations of a single issuer than a “diversified” fund. We may therefore be more susceptible than a diversified fund to being adversely affected by any single corporate, economic, political or regulatory occurrence. In particular, because our portfolio of investments may lack diversification among CLO securities and related investments, we are susceptible to a risk of significant loss if one or more of these CLO securities and related investments experience a high level of defaults on the collateral that they hold.
Regulations governing our operation as a registered closed-end management investment company affect our ability to raise additional capital and the way in which we do so. The raising of debt capital may expose us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage.
Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are permitted, as a registered closed-end management investment company, to issue senior securities (including debt securities, preferred stock and/or borrowings from banks or other financial institutions); provided we meet certain asset coverage requirements (i.e., 300% for senior securities representing indebtedness and 200% in the case of the issuance of preferred stock under current law). See “— Risks Related to Our Investments — We may leverage our portfolio, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and will increase the risk of investing in us” for details concerning how asset coverage is calculated. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales or redemptions may be disadvantageous. Also, any amounts that we use to service or repay our indebtedness would not be available for distributions to our Shareholders.
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We are not generally able to issue and sell Shares at a price below the then current NAV per share (exclusive of any distributing commission or discount). We may, however, sell Shares at a price below the then current NAV per share (1) in connection with a rights offering to our existing Shareholders, (2) with the consent of the majority of our Shareholders, (3) upon the conversion of a convertible security in accordance with its terms or (4) under such circumstances as the SEC may permit.
Significant Shareholders may control the outcome of matters submitted to our Shareholders or adversely impact the market price or liquidity of our securities.
To the extent any shareholder, individually or acting together with other Shareholders, controls a significant number of our voting securities or any class of voting securities, they may have the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted to our Shareholders for approval, including the election of Trustees and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, and may cause actions to be taken that you may not agree with or that are not in your interests or those of other securityholders.
We are subject to the risk of legislative and regulatory changes impacting our business or the markets in which we invest.
Legal and regulatory changes. Legal and regulatory changes could occur and may adversely affect us and our ability to pursue our investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New or revised laws or regulations may be imposed by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or the “CFTC,” the SEC, the U.S. Federal Reserve, other banking regulators, other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect us. In particular, these agencies are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to recently enacted financial reform legislation in the United States. We also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations. Such changes, or uncertainty regarding any such changes, could adversely affect the strategies and plans set forth in this prospectus and may result in our investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of the Senior Investment Team to other types of investments in which the investment team may have less expertise or little or no experience. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
Derivative Investments. The derivative investments in which we may invest are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. In particular, certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the “Dodd-Frank Act,” which was signed into law in July 2010, requires certain standardized derivatives to be executed on a regulated market and cleared through a central counterparty, which may result in increased margin requirements and costs for us. The Dodd-Frank Act also established minimum margin requirements on certain uncleared derivatives which may result in us and our counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared derivatives. In addition, we have claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” pursuant to CFTC No-Action Letter 12-38 issued by the staff of the CFTC Division of Swap Dealer and Intermediary Oversight on November 20, 2012. For us to continue to qualify for this exclusion, (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish our positions in derivative instruments subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, or the “CEA,” and (other than positions entered into for hedging purposes) may not exceed five percent of our liquidation value, (ii) the net notional value of our aggregate investments in CEA-regulated derivative instruments (other than positions entered into for hedging purposes) may not exceed 100% of our liquidation value, or (iii) we must meet an alternative test appropriate for a “fund of funds” as set forth in CFTC No-Action Letter 12-38. In the event we fail to qualify for the exclusion and the Adviser is required to register as a “commodity pool operator” in connection with serving as our investment adviser and becomes subject to additional disclosure, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, our expenses may increase. In late November 2019, the SEC published a proposed rulemaking related to the use of derivatives and certain other transactions by registered investment companies that would, if adopted, rescind the SEC’s asset segregation and coverage rules and guidance. Instead of complying with current requirements, funds would need to trade derivatives and other transactions that potentially create senior securities (except reverse repurchase agreements) subject to a VaR leverage limit, certain derivatives risk management and other testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements would apply unless a fund qualified as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the SEC’s proposal. Reverse repurchase agreements would be subject to asset coverage requirements, and a fund trading reverse repurchase agreements would need to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the fund’s asset coverage ratio. Reverse repurchase agreements would not be included in the calculation of whether a fund is a limited derivatives user, but for funds subject to the VaR testing, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions would be included for purposes of such testing.
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Loan Securitizations. Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule,” generally prohibits, subject to certain exemptions, covered banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading or sponsoring, or acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in, a hedge fund or private equity fund, or “covered funds,” (which have been broadly defined in a way which could include many CLOs). Given the limitations on banking entities investing in CLOs that are covered funds, the Volcker Rule may adversely affect the market value or liquidity of any or all of the investments held by us. Although the Volcker Rule and the implementing rules exempt “loan securitizations” from the definition of covered fund, not all CLOs will qualify for this exemption. For example, CLOs that invest in bonds as well as loans will be treated as covered funds. Accordingly, in an effort to qualify for the “loan securitization” exemption, many current CLOs have amended their transaction documents to restrict the ability of the issuer to acquire bonds and certain other securities, which may reduce the return available to holders of CLO equity securities. Furthermore, the costs associated with such amendments are typically paid out of the cash flow of the CLO, which adversely impacts the return on our investment in any CLO equity. In addition, in order to avoid covered fund status under the Volcker Rule, it is likely that many future CLOs will contain similar restrictions on the acquisition of bonds and certain other securities, which may result in lower returns on CLO equity securities than currently anticipated.
In 2018, the five agencies responsible for implementing the Volcker Rule issued proposed amendments to the final Volcker Rule regulations not relevant to securitizations, but also asked for comment on potential future modifications to the final Volcker Rule regulations, including modifications to the definition of “covered fund,” to the requirements of the “loan securitization” exclusion, and to the nature of a prohibited “ownership interest” in a covered fund. On January 30, 2020, these five agencies responsible for enforcement of the Volcker Rule published certain proposed revisions. These revisions became effective on October 1, 2020 (such modifications to the Volcker Rule, the “Volcker Changes”). Amongst other things, the Volcker Changes include modifications to (i) permit covered funds relying on the “loan securitization” exclusion to acquire assets that do not constitute loans or other assets or rights currently permitted under the “loan securitization” exclusion, in an aggregate amount not to exceed 5% of the aggregate value of the issuing entity’s assets, (ii) exclude from the definition of “ownership interest” certain “senior loans” or “senior debt interests” issued by a covered fund and (iii) clarify that the rights either to participate in the removal of a collateral manager for cause, or to participate in the replacement of a collateral manager following a resignation, both as part of the rights of a creditor to exercise remedies upon the occurrence of an event of default, would not be a feature that results in a banking entity having an ownership interest in a covered fund. The Volcker Changes have, in turn, resulted in a number of recent changes in the U.S. CLO market. Certain CLO issuers are now permitted to acquire bonds, securities and other assets that they would not have been permitted to acquire prior to the effective date of the Volcker Changes. Although a number of CLOs continue to follow the “loan securitization exclusion”, a substantial number of recent CLOs have taken the position that the “loan securitization exclusion” is not required to be followed given the changes noted in clauses (ii) and (iii) above. Thus, collateral supporting the CLOs in which the Company may be more likely to include bonds as a result of the Volcker Changes. There can be no assurance that the performance of the CLO securities in which the Company invests will be affected by these changes.
Investors should also note that in Kirschner v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. et al., a federal case related to the bankruptcy of Millennium Health LLC (“Millennium”), the plaintiffs have alleged that Millennium’s broadly syndicated term loans are in fact securities (and not loans) and, as a result, the arranging banks should have liability under applicable securities laws as underwriters and the sale of the loans should be subject to federal and state securities laws. On May 22, 2020, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants. However, such summary judgment remains subject to appeal, and while industry participants (including the LSTA) disagree with the plaintiff’s allegations and have filed briefs in support of the defendants’ position, there can be no assurance that an appeals court will agree with this view and the view of the district court judge (in his granting of the summary judgment motion) and, if such appeals court rules were to rule in favor of the plaintiffs, that the SEC, and the other federal agencies responsible for implementing the Volcker Rule, would not apply the appeals court’s ruling to federal securities laws. If the plaintiffs were to ultimately prevail and any CLO issuer in which the Company invests owned the types of loans that could be similarly characterized as securities in accordance with the court’s ruling and such federal agencies’ interpretation, then such CLO issuer would likely not be permitted to rely on the “loan securitization exclusion” under the Final Volcker Regulations absent regulatory relief or guidance or the overturning of such ruling in a final non-appealable judgment. Additionally, an ultimate judgement in favor of the plaintiffs could materially and negatively impact the leveraged loan market, including by decreasing the volume of new leveraged loans that are originated and the number of participants in the leveraged loan market, and potentially prevent the CLO issuers in which the Company invests from identifying assets that are suitable for purchase. In addition, the inability of any CLO issuer in which the Company invests to rely on the “loan securitization exclusion” may under certain circumstances require banking entities that hold CLO securities to divest their interests in such CLO securities. Such developments would likely have a severe impact on the market value and the liquidity of similar CLO securities held by the Company.
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Also, in October 2014, six federal agencies (the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the “FDIC,” the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board, the SEC, the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Housing Finance Agency) adopted joint final rules implementing certain credit risk retention requirements contemplated in Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act, or the “Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules.” These rules were published in the Federal Register on December 24, 2014. With respect to the regulation of CLOs, the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules require that the “sponsor” or a “majority owned affiliate” thereof (in each case as defined in the rules), will retain an “eligible vertical interest” or an “eligible horizontal interest” (in each case as defined therein) or any combination thereof in the CLO in the manner required by the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules.
The Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules became fully effective on December 24, 2016, or the “Final U.S. Risk Retention Effective Date,” and to the extent applicable to CLOs, the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules contain provisions that may adversely affect the return of our investments. There are a number of uncertainties surrounding the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules, including: (i) proposed legislation designed to exclude from Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules collateral managers of certain defined “QCLOs” (qualified CLOs), (ii) the October 2017 report to the President to the United States from the United States Department of the Treasury entitled “A Financial System That Creates Economic Opportunities — Capital Markets,” which recommends that “creating a set of loan-specific requirements under which CLO collateral managers would receive relief from being required to retain risk” and (iii) future directives and interpretations by governmental authorities with respect to the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules. On February 9, 2018, a three judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, or the “DC Circuit Court,” rendered a decision in The Loan Syndications and Trading Association v. Securities and Exchange Commission and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, No. 1:16-cv-0065, in which the DC Circuit Court held that open market CLO collateral managers are not “securitizers” subject to the requirements of the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules, or the “DC Circuit Ruling.” As of the date of hereof: (a) the time period for the federal agencies responsible for the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules, or the “Applicable Agencies,” to petition for en banc review of the DC Circuit Ruling has expired, (b) the DC Circuit Court has issued a mandate to the lower court requiring the lower court to implement the DC Circuit Ruling, (c) in accordance with the DC Circuit Court mandate, on April 5, 2018, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, or the “DC District Court,” issued a court order that the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules are vacated insofar as they apply to collateral managers of open-market collateralized loan obligations and (d) the time period for filing a petition for certiorari requesting the case to be heard by the United States Supreme Court has expired. Thus, collateral managers of open market CLOs are no longer required to comply with the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules at this time. As such, it is possible that some collateral managers of open market CLOs will decide to dispose of the notes (or cause their majority owned affiliates to dispose of the notes) constituting the “eligible vertical interest” or “eligible horizontal interest” they were previously required to retain, or decide take other action with respect to such notes that is not otherwise prohibited by the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules. To the extent either the underlying collateral manager or its majority-owned affiliate divests itself of such notes, this will reduce the degree to which the relevant collateral manager’s incentives are aligned with those of the noteholders of the CLO (which may include us as a CLO noteholder), and could influence the way in which the relevant collateral manager manages the CLO assets and/or makes other decisions under the transaction documents related to the CLO in a manner that is adverse to us.
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There can be no assurance or representation that any of the transactions, structures or arrangements currently under consideration by or currently used by CLO market participants will comply with the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules to the extent such rules are reinstated or otherwise become applicable to open market CLOs. The ultimate impact of the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules on the loan securitization market and the leveraged loan market generally remains uncertain, and any negative impact on secondary market liquidity for securities comprising a CLO may be experienced due to the effects of the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules on market expectations or uncertainty, the relative appeal of other investments not impacted by the Final U.S. Risk Retention Rules and other factors.
In Europe, there has also been an increase in political and regulatory scrutiny of the securitization industry. Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2017 laying down a general framework for securitization and creating a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardized securitization (as amended from time to time and including any delegated or implementing legislation and any binding guidance adopted with respect thereto by the European supervisory authorities and/or the European Commission, the “EU Securitization Regulation”) became effective on January 1, 2019 and applies to all new “securitizations” (as defined therein) issued on or after January 1, 2019. The EU Securitization Regulation repealed and replaced the prior EU risk retention requirements with a single regime that applies to, broadly, European credit institutions and investment firms (and certain consolidated affiliates thereof, including those located in the United States), insurance and reinsurance companies, alternative investment fund managers (“AIFMs”) that manage and/or market their alternative investment funds in the EU, undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities regulated pursuant to EU Directive 2009/65/EC (“UCITS”) and the management companies thereof and, subject to some exceptions, institutions for occupational retirement provision (“IORPs”), each as set out in the EU Securitization Regulation (each, an “EU Affected Investor”).
On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom ceased to be a member of the European Union and, following a transition period expiring on December 31, 2020, ceased to apply EU law and instead the bulk of EU law as in force on that day was transposed into UK domestic law subject to certain amendments. Regulation (EU) 2017/2402, as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (the “EUWA”), and as amended by the Securitization (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (as may be further amended from time to time and including any delegated or implementing legislation and any binding guidance adopted with respect thereto by the UK Financial Conduct Authority and/or the UK Prudential Regulation Authority, the “UK Securitization Regulation”) became applicable with respect to (a) insurance undertakings and reinsurance undertakings as defined in the FSMA; (b) occupational pension schemes as defined in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 that have their main administration in the UK, and certain fund managers of such schemes; (c) alternative investment fund managers as defined in the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 which market or manage alternative investment funds in the UK; (d) UCITS as defined in the FSMA, which are authorized open ended investment companies as defined in the FSMA; (e) management companies as defined in the FSMA; and (f) credit institutions and investment firms (and certain consolidated affiliates thereof, including those located in the United States) as defined in Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (each, a “UK Affected Investor”).
Failure to comply with the EU Securitization Regulation or the UK Securitization Regulation may subject EU Affected Investors or UK Affected Investors, as applicable, to a range of regulatory penalties including, for those investors who are subject to regulatory capital requirements, a punitive capital charge against their investment, or in the case of AIFMs or UCITS, a requirement to take corrective action as is in the best interest of their own investors.
The EU Securitization Regulation and the UK Securitization Regulation restrict each EU Affected Investor and each UK Affected Investor (as applicable) from investing in securitizations unless, broadly speaking and among other things: (a)(i) the originator, sponsor or original lender with respect to the relevant securitization will retain, on an on-going basis, a net economic interest of not less than 5% with respect to certain specified credit risk tranches or securitized exposures and (ii) the risk retention is disclosed to the investor in accordance with the EU Securitization Regulation or the UK Securitization Regulation (as applicable); and (b) such investor is able to demonstrate that it has undertaken certain due diligence with respect to various matters, including the risk characteristics of its investment position and the underlying assets, and that procedures are established for such activities to be monitored on an on-going basis. There are material differences between the EU Securitization Regulation and the UK Securitization Regulation on one hand and the prior EU risk retention requirements on the other, particularly with respect to transaction transparency, reporting and diligence requirements and the imposition of a direct compliance obligation on the “sponsor”, “originator” or “original lender” of a securitization where such entity is established in the EU/UK. The new EU and UK regimes are also beginning to diverge as the EU Securitization Regulation has recently been amended by Regulation (EU) 2021/557 while the UK Securitization Regulation remains in the form enacted. Such divergence is expected to continue.
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CLOs issued in Europe are generally structured in compliance with both the EU Securitization Regulation and the UK Securitization Regulation so that prospective investors subject to such laws can invest in compliance with such requirements. To the extent a CLO is structured in compliance with the EU Securitization Regulation or the UK Securitization Regulation, our ability to invest in the residual tranches of such CLOs could be limited, or we could be required to hold our investment for the life of the CLO. If a CLO has not been structured to comply with the EU Securitization Regulation or the UK Securitization Regulation (which could be the case for CLOs issued in the United States or elsewhere outside of the EU and the UK), it will limit the ability of EU Affected Investors or UK Affected Investors (as applicable) to purchase CLO securities, which may adversely affect the price and liquidity of the securities (including the residual tranche) in the secondary market.
The Japanese Financial Services Agency (the “JFSA”) recently published a risk retention rule as part of the regulatory capital regulation of certain categories of Japanese investors seeking to invest in securitization transactions (the “JRR Rule”). The JRR Rule mandates an “indirect” compliance requirement, meaning that certain categories of Japanese investors will be required to apply higher risk weighting to securitization exposures they hold unless the relevant originator commits to hold a retention interest equal to at least 5% of the exposure of the total underlying assets in the transaction (the “Japanese Retention Requirement”) or such investors determine that the underlying assets were not “inappropriately originated.” The Japanese investors to which the JRR Rule applies include banks, bank holding companies, credit unions (shinyo kinko), credit cooperatives (shinyo kumiai), labor credit unions (rodo kinko), agricultural credit cooperatives (nogyo kyodo kumiai), ultimate parent companies of large securities companies and certain other financial institutions regulated in Japan (such investors, “Japanese Affected Investors”). Such Japanese Affected Investors may be subject to punitive capital requirements and/or other regulatory penalties with respect to investments in securitizations that fail to comply with the Japanese Retention Requirement.
The JRR Rule became effective on March 31, 2019. At this time, there are a number of unresolved questions and no established line of authority, precedent or market practice that provides definitive guidance with respect to the JRR Rule, and no assurances can be made as to the content, impact or interpretation of the JRR Rule. In particular, the basis for the determination of whether an asset is “inappropriately originated” remains unclear and, therefore, unless the JFSA provides further specific clarification, it is possible that CLO securities we have purchased may contain assets deemed to be “inappropriately originated” and, as a result, may not be exempt from the Japanese Retention Requirement. The JRR Rule or other similar requirements may deter Japanese Affected Investors from purchasing CLO securities, which may limit the liquidity of CLO securities and, in turn, adversely affect the price of such CLO securities in the secondary market. Whether and to what extent the JFSA may provide further clarification or interpretation as to the JRR Rule is unknown.
The SEC staff could modify its position on certain non-traditional investments, including investments in CLO securities.
The staff of the SEC from time to time has undertaken a broad review of the potential risks associated with different asset management activities, focusing on, among other things, liquidity risk and leverage risk. The staff of the Division of Investment Management has, in correspondence with registered management investment companies, previously raised questions about the level of, and special risks associated with, investments in CLO securities. While it is not possible to predict what conclusions, if any, the staff may reach in these areas, or what recommendations, if any, the staff might make to the SEC, the imposition of limitations on investments by registered management investment companies in CLO securities could adversely impact our ability to implement our investment strategy and/or our ability to raise capital through public offerings, or could cause us to take certain actions that may result in an adverse impact on our Shareholders, our financial condition and/or our results of operations. We are unable at this time to assess the likelihood or timing of any such regulatory development.
Terrorist actions, natural disasters, outbreaks or pandemics may disrupt the market and impact our operations.
Terrorist acts, acts of war, natural disasters, outbreaks or pandemics may disrupt our operations, as well as the operations of the businesses in which we invest. Such acts have created, and continue to create, economic and political uncertainties and have contributed to global economic instability. For example, many countries have experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses in recent decades, including swine flu, avian influenza, SARS and the COVID-19. In late 2019, an initial outbreak of COVID-19 was reported in Hubei, China. Since then, a large and growing number of cases have been confirmed around the world, which has resulted in numerous deaths and the imposition of both local and more widespread “work from home” and other quarantine measures, border closures and other travel restrictions, causing social unrest and commercial disruption on a global scale. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
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Global economies and financial markets are highly interconnected, and conditions and events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has magnified these risks and has had, and will continue to have, a material adverse impact on local economies in the affected jurisdictions and also on the global economy, as cross border commercial activity and market sentiment are increasingly impacted by the outbreak and government and other measures seeking to contain its spread. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to increased volatility in global financial markets and likely will affect countries, regions, companies, industries and market sectors more dramatically than others. The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and any other outbreak of an infectious disease or serious environmental or public health concern could have, a significant negative impact on economic and market conditions, could exacerbate pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or regions and could trigger a prolonged period of global economic slowdown, which may impact us and our underlying investments. It is not known how long the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will, or future impacts of other significant events would, last or the severity thereof. Federal, state and local governments, as well as foreign governments, have taken aggressive steps to address problems being experienced by the markets and by businesses and the economy in general; however, there can be no assurance that these measures will be adequate.
To the extent the Fund’s underlying investments are overweight in certain countries, regions, companies, industries or market sectors, such positions will increase the risk of loss from adverse developments affecting those countries, regions, companies, industries or sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic and related government-imposed restrictions have imposed severe financial harm on certain industries to which the Fund is exposed indirectly through its CLO investments’ underlying loan assets. For example, the airline and hotel industries have experienced sharp declines in revenue due to restrictions on travel, hospitals and other healthcare companies have experienced financial losses as a result of increased expenses and declining revenue as patients elect to delay elective or routine procedures, and many casino operators have been forced to completely halt operations due to the imposition of mandatory business closures and to address social distancing guidelines.
To date, certain of the CLOs in which we invest have experienced increased defaults by underlying borrowers. Obligor defaults and rating agency downgrades have caused, and may continue to cause, payments that would have otherwise been made to the CLO equity or CLO debt securities that the Fund holds to instead be diverted to buy additional loans within a given CLO or paid to senior CLO debt holders as an early amortization payment. In addition, defaults and downgrades of underlying obligors have caused, and may continue to cause, a decline in the value of CLO securities generally. If CLO cash flows or income decreases as a result of the pandemic, the portion of our distribution comprised of a return of capital could increase or distributions could be reduced.
In addition, future terrorist activities, military or security operations, or natural disasters could further weaken the domestic/global economies and create additional uncertainties, which may adversely impact the businesses in which we invest either directly or indirectly and, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Losses from terrorist attacks and natural disasters are generally uninsurable.
We are subject to risks related to cybersecurity and other disruptions to information systems.
We are highly dependent on the communications and information systems of the Adviser, the Administrator and their affiliates as well as certain other third-party service providers. We, and our service providers, are susceptible to operational and information security risks. While we, the Adviser and the Administrator have procedures in place with respect to information security technologies may become the target of cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized gathering, monitoring, release, misuse, loss or destruction of our and/or our Shareholders’ confidential and other information, or otherwise disrupt our operations or those of our service providers. Disruptions or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems and cyber-attacks or security breaches of the networks, systems or devices that we and our service providers use to service our operations, or disruption or failures in the movement of information between service providers could disrupt and impact the service providers’ and our operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of our Shareholders to transact business and of us to process transactions, inability to calculate our NAV, misstated or unreliable financial data, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, litigation costs, increased insurance premiums, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Our service providers’ policies and procedures with respect to information security have been established to seek to identify and mitigate the types of risk to which we and our service providers are subject. As with any risk management system, there are inherent limitations to these policies and procedures as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that have not been anticipated or identified. There can be no assurance that we or our service providers will not suffer losses relating to information security breaches (including cyber-attacks) or other disruptions to information systems in the future.
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Other Risks of the Fund
Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares. Shares are not traded on any national securities exchange or other market. No market currently exists for the Shares, and the Fund contemplates that one will not develop. The Shares are, therefore, not readily marketable. Although the Fund expects to offer to repurchase Shares quarterly, no assurances can be given that the Fund will do so. Consequently, the Shares should only be acquired by investors able to commit their funds for an indefinite period of time.
Closed-end Fund; Liquidity Risks. The Fund is a non-diversified closed-end management investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) in that investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis at a price based on net asset value.
Repurchase Risks. The Fund has no obligation to repurchase Shares at any time; any such repurchases will only be made at such times, in such amounts and on such terms as may be determined by the Board of Trustees, in its sole discretion. With respect to any future repurchase offer, Shareholders tendering any Shares for repurchase must do so by a date specified in the notice describing the terms of the repurchase offer (the “Notice Date”). The Notice Date generally will be at least 20 business days prior to the date as of which the Shares to be repurchased are valued by the Fund (the “Valuation Date”). Tenders will be revocable upon written notice to the Fund until the date specified in the terms of the repurchase offer (the “Expiration Date”). The Expiration Date will be prior to the Valuation Date. Shareholders that elect to tender any Shares for repurchase will not know the price at which such Shares will be repurchased until the Fund’s net asset value as of the Valuation Date is able to be determined, which determination is expected to be able to be made only late in the month following that of the Valuation Date. It is possible that during the time period between the Notice Date and the Valuation Date, general economic and market conditions, or specific events affecting one or more underlying Investment Funds, could cause a decline in the value of Shares in the Fund. Shareholders who require minimum annual distributions from a retirement account through which they hold Shares should consider the Fund’s schedule for repurchase offers and submit repurchase requests accordingly. In addition, the Fund will not be able to dispose of certain investments except through secondary transactions with third parties, which may occur at a significant discount to NAV and which may not be available at any given time. The Fund may need to suspend or postpone repurchase offers if it is not able to dispose of its interests in CLO securities in a timely manner or otherwise fund the share repurchase offer. See “Repurchases of Shares.”
Substantial Repurchases. Substantial requests for the Fund to repurchase Shares could require the Fund to liquidate certain of its investments more rapidly than otherwise desirable in order to raise cash to fund the repurchases and achieve a market position appropriately reflecting a smaller asset base. This could have a material adverse effect on the net asset value of the Fund.
To the extent the Fund obtains repurchase proceeds by disposing of its interest in certain CLO securities, the Fund will thereafter hold a larger proportion of its assets in the remaining CLO securities, some of whose interests at times may be less liquid or illiquid. This could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to fund subsequent repurchase requests of shareholders or to conduct future repurchases at all. In addition, substantial repurchases of Shares could result in a sizeable decrease in the Fund’s net assets, resulting in an increase in the Fund’s total annual operating expense ratio.
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Possible Exclusion of a Shareholder Based on Certain Detrimental Effects. The Fund may repurchase and/or redeem Shares in accordance with the terms of its Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act, including Rule 23c-2, held by a Shareholder or other person acquiring Shares from or through a Shareholder, if:
• | ownership of the Shares by the Shareholder or other person likely will cause the Fund to be in violation of, require registration of any Shares under, or subject the Fund to additional registration or regulation under, the securities, commodities or other laws of the United States or any other relevant jurisdiction; |
• | continued ownership of the Shares by the Shareholder or other person may be harmful or injurious to the business or reputation of the Fund, the Board of Trustees, the Adviser or any of their affiliates, or may subject the Fund or any Shareholder to an undue risk of adverse tax or other fiscal or regulatory consequences; |
• | any of the representations and warranties made by the Shareholder or other person in connection with the acquisition of the Shares was not true when made or has ceased to be true; |
• | the Shareholder is subject to special regulatory or compliance requirements, such as those imposed by the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, certain Federal Communications Commission regulations, or ERISA (as hereinafter defined) (collectively, “Special Laws or Regulations”), and the Fund determines that the Shareholder is likely to be subject to additional regulatory or compliance requirements under these Special Laws or Regulations by virtue of continuing to hold the Shares; |
• | the beneficial owner’s estate submits a tender request and proof of owner’s death; |
• | the disabled beneficial owner’s legal representative submits tender request and proof of qualified disability; or |
• | the Fund or the Board of Trustees determine that the repurchase of the Shares would be in the best interest of the Fund. |
The effect of these provisions may be to deprive an investor in the Fund of an opportunity for a return even though other investors in the Fund might enjoy such a return.
Distributions In-Kind. The Fund generally expects to distribute to the holder of Shares that are repurchased cash in satisfaction of such repurchase. However, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have sufficient cash to pay for Shares that are being repurchased or that it will be able to liquidate investments at favorable prices to pay for repurchased Shares. The Fund has the right to distribute securities as payment for repurchased Shares in unusual circumstances, including if making a cash payment would result in a material adverse effect on the Fund. In the event that the Fund makes such a distribution of securities, Shareholders will bear any risks of the distributed securities and may be required to pay a brokerage commission or other costs in order to dispose of such securities.
The above discussions of the various risks associated with the Fund and the Shares are not, and are not intended to be, a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks involved in an investment in the Fund. Prospective investors should read this entire Prospectus and consult with their own advisors before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Fund’s investment program changes or develops over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to risk factors not described in this Prospectus. The Fund will update this Prospectus to account for any material changes in the risks involved with an investment in the Fund.
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Our Board of Trustees is responsible for the overall management and supervision of our business and affairs, including the appointment of advisers. Our Trustees may appoint officers who assist in managing our day-to-day affairs.
The Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees currently consists of six members, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of us. We refer to these Trustees as our “Independent Trustees.” The responsibilities of the Board of Trustees include valuation of the Fund’s assets, corporate governance activities, oversight of the Fund’s financing arrangements and oversight of the Fund’s investment activities.
The Adviser
Our Board of Trustees is responsible for the overall management and supervision of our business and affairs, including the appointment of advisers and sub-advisers. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, our Board of Trustees has appointed Eagle Point Credit Management as our investment adviser.
The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As of December 31, 2021, the Adviser, collectively, with Eagle Point Income Management, an affiliate of the Adviser, had approximately $6.9 billion of total assets under management (including capital commitments that were undrawn as of such date) for investment across over 50 funds and managed accounts. The Adviser’s diversified investor base is comprised of institutional investors, high net worth individuals and retail investors. Based on the Adviser’s CLO equity assets under management, the Adviser believes that it is among the largest CLO equity investors in the market.
The Adviser was established in November 2012 by Thomas P. Majewski and Stone Point. The Adviser is primarily owned by the Trident V Funds through intermediary holding companies. The Senior Investment Team also holds an indirect ownership interest in the Adviser. The Adviser is ultimately governed through intermediary holding companies by the Adviser’s Board of Managers, which includes Mr. Majewski and certain principals of Stone Point. See “Management” below and “Management of the Fund–Adviser’s Board of Managers” in the SAI. The Adviser is located at 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830. Stone Point is the investment manager of the Trident V Funds. Stone Point, an investment adviser registered with the SEC, is a specialized private equity firm focused on the financial services industry with $44 billion in assets under management as of September 30, 2021.
In addition to managing our investments, the Adviser and its affiliates and the members of the Senior Investment Team manage investment accounts for other clients, including ECC and EIC, which are closed-end management investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act and traded on the New York Stock Exchange, as well as multiple privately offered pooled investment vehicles and several institutional separate accounts. Many of these accounts pursue an investment strategy that substantially or partially overlaps with the strategy that we pursue. The Adviser’s affiliation with Stone Point and the Trident V Funds, and the management of ECC, EIC and such other vehicles and accounts by the Adviser’s affiliates and Senior Investment Team, give rise to certain conflicts of interest. See “Conflicts of Interest.”
Management Fee and Incentive Fee
We pay the Adviser a fee for its services under the Investment Advisory Agreement consisting of two components — a base management fee and an incentive fee.
Base management fee. The base management fee is calculated monthly and payable quarterly in arrears and equals an annual rate of 1.75% of our Managed Assets. The base management fee is calculated based on our Managed Assets at the end of the most recently completed calendar month, provided, that, if the Fund calculates its net asset value more frequently than monthly, the Base Management Fee shall be calculated on the same frequency as the net asset value is calculated. In addition, the base management fee for any partial calculation period is pro-rated (based on the number of days actually elapsed at the end of such calculation period relative to the total number of days in such calculation period).
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Incentive fee. we pay the Adviser an incentive fee based on our performance. The incentive fee is payable quarterly in arrears and equals 20% of our “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” for the immediately preceding quarter, subject to a hurdle and a “catch up” feature. No incentive fees are payable to our investment adviser in respect of any capital gains. For this purpose, “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” means (a) interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees, such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus (b) our operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, expenses payable under the Administration Agreement to Eagle Point Administration, and any interest expense and/or dividends paid on any issued and outstanding debt or preferred stock, but organizational and offering expenses and the incentive fee) after giving application to the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement. Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest and zero-coupon securities), accrued income that we have not yet received in cash. The Adviser is not obligated to return the Incentive Fee based on income it receives on deferred interest that is later determined to be uncollectible in cash. Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not include any capital gains or losses.
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, is compared to a hurdle of 2.00% (8.00% annualized) of our NAV per quarter. For such purposes, our quarterly rate of return is determined by dividing our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income by our reported net assets as of the prior period end.
The incentive fee in each calendar quarter is paid to the Adviser as follows:
· | no incentive fee in any calendar quarter in which our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed the hurdle of 2.00% (8.00% annualized) of our NAV; |
· | 100% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle but is less than 2.00% (8.00% annualized) of our NAV in any calendar quarter. We refer to this portion of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (which exceeds the hurdle but is less than 2.50% (10.00% annualized) of our NAV) as the “catch-up.” The “catch-up” is meant to provide the Adviser with 20% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if a hurdle did not apply if this net investment income meets or exceeds 2.50% (10.00% annualized) of our NAV in any calendar quarter; and |
· | 20% of the amount of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds 2.50% (10.00% annualized) of our NAV in any calendar quarter is payable to the Adviser (that is, once the hurdle is reached and the catch-up is achieved, 10.00% of all Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income thereafter is paid to the Adviser). |
You should be aware that a rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for us to meet or exceed the incentive fee hurdle rate and may result in a substantial increase of the amount of incentive fees payable to the Adviser with respect to Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income.
No Incentive Fee is payable to the Adviser on capital gains, whether realized or unrealized. In addition, the amount of the incentive fee is not affected by any realized or unrealized losses that we may suffer.
The payment of monthly dividends on our preferred stock (including on any shares of preferred stock that may be held by officers or other affiliates of the Adviser) is not subject to Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income meeting or exceeding any hurdle rate.
The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the incentive fee as well as examples of its application.
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Quarterly Incentive Fee Based on Net Investment Income
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
(expressed as a percentage of the value of net assets)
Examples of Quarterly Incentive Fee Calculation (amounts expressed as a percentage of the value of net assets, and are not annualized)*
Alternative 1:
Assumptions
· | Investment income (including interest, distributions, fees, etc.) = 1.25% |
· | Hurdle rate(1) = 2.00% |
· | Base management fee(2) = 0.4375% |
· | Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.25% |
· | Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income |
· | (investment income – (base management fee + other expenses)) = 0.5625% |
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed the hurdle rate, therefore there is no incentive fee.
Alternative 2:
Assumptions
· | Investment income (including interest, distributions, fees, etc.) = 2.70% |
· | Hurdle rate(1) = 2.00% |
· | Base management fee(2) = 0.4375% |
· | Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.25% |
· | Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income |
o | (investment income – (base management fee + other expenses)) = 2.0125% |
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds the hurdle rate, therefore there is an incentive fee.
Incentive fee = (100% × “Catch-Up”) + (the greater of 0% AND (20% × (Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income – 2.50%)))
= (100.0% × (Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income – 2.00%)) + 0%
= 100.0% × (2.0125% – 2.00%)
= 100.0% × 0.0125%
= 0.0125%
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Alternative 3:
Assumptions
· | Investment income (including interest, distributions, fees, etc.) = 3.25% |
· | Hurdle rate(1) = 2.00% |
· | Base management fee(2) = 0.4375% |
· | Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.25% |
· | Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income |
o | (investment income – (base management fee + other expenses)) = 2.5625% |
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds the hurdle rate, therefore there is an incentive fee.
Incentive fee = 20% × Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
= 20% × 2.5625%
= 0.5125%
* The hypothetical amount of Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income shown is based on a percentage of net assets. Scenarios above assume no Fund leverage.
(1) Represents 8.00% annualized hurdle rate.
(2) Represents 1.75% annualized base management fee.
(3) Excludes organizational and offering expenses.
Approval of the Investment Management Agreement
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund’s semi-annual report on Form N-CSR for the period ending June 30, 2022, which will be publicly filed with the SEC.
The Administrator
The Administrator
Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, our Board of Trustees has appointed Eagle Point Administration LLC as our administrator. Eagle Point Administration LLC has its principal office at 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830.
Administrator Services
Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator performs, or arranges for the performance of, our required administrative services, which include being responsible for the financial records which we are required to maintain and preparing reports to our Shareholders. In addition, the Administrator provides us with accounting services; assists us in determining and publishing our NAV; oversees the preparation and filing of our tax returns; monitors our compliance with tax laws and regulations; and prepares, and assists us with any audits by an independent public accounting firm of, our financial statements. The Administrator is also responsible for the printing and dissemination of reports to our Shareholders and the maintenance of our website; provides support for our investor relations; generally oversees the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others; and provides such other administrative services as we may from time to time designate. Payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion of the Administrator’s overhead in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and our allocable portion of the compensation of our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer and our allocable portion of the compensation of support staff. Our allocable portion of such total compensation is based on an allocation of the time spent on us relative to other matters. To the extent the Administrator outsources any of its functions, we pay the fees on a direct basis, without profit to the Administrator. Certain accounting and other administrative services have been delegated by the Administrator to UMB Fund Services for which the fee is calculated based on our net assets (subject to an annual minimum).
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The Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursement Agent
UMB Fund Services, Inc. serves as our transfer agent and dividend disbursement agent, as well as agent for our DRIP. The principal business address of UMB Fund Services, Inc. is 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212.
The Custodian
Pursuant to the Custodian Agreement, our Board of Trustees has appointed UMB Bank, N.A. as our custodian. The principal business address of UMB Bank, N.A. is 928 Grand Blvd., 10th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64106.
Portfolio Managers
We are managed by members of the Senior Investment Team. The Senior Investment Team is led by Mr. Majewski, Managing Partner of the Adviser, and is also comprised of Daniel W. Ko, Principal and Portfolio Manager, and Daniel M. Spinner, Principal and Portfolio Manager. The Senior Investment Team is primarily responsible for our day-to-day investment management and the implementation of our investment strategy and process.
Each member of the Senior Investment Team is a CLO industry specialist who has been directly involved in the CLO market for the majority of his career and has built relationships with key market participants, including CLO collateral managers, investment banks and investors. Members of the Senior Investment Team have been involved in the CLO market as:
· | the head of the CLO business at various investment banks; |
· | a lead CLO structurer and CDO workout specialist at an investment bank; |
· | a CLO equity and debt investor; |
· | principal investors in CLO collateral management firms; and |
· | a lender and mergers and acquisitions adviser to CLO collateral management firms. |
We believe that the complementary, yet highly specialized, skill set of each member of the Senior Investment Team provides the Adviser with a competitive advantage in its CLO-focused investment strategy.
Biographical information on the Senior Investment Team, each of whom has served as a portfolio manager since our inception, is set forth below:
Thomas P. Majewski, Managing Partner of the Adviser (since November 2012). Mr. Majewski is the Managing Partner and founder of the Adviser, and serves as a director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Eagle Point Credit Company and Eagle Point Income Company. Mr. Majewski has been involved in the formation and/or monetization of many CLO transactions across multiple market cycles. Mr. Majewski led the creation of some of the earliest refinancing CLOs, introducing techniques that are now commonplace in the market. Mr. Majewski’s experience in the CLO market dates back to the 1990s. He has spent his entire career in the structured finance and credit markets. Mr. Majewski is a member of the Adviser’s Board of Managers and the Adviser’s investment committee. Mr. Majewski is also the Managing Partner of Eagle Point Income Management.
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Prior to joining the Adviser in September 2012, Mr. Majewski was a Managing Director and U.S. Head of CLO Banking at RBS Securities Inc., or “RBS,” from September 2011 through September 2012, where he was responsible for all aspects of RBS’s new-issue CLO platform. Prior to joining RBS, Mr. Majewski was the U.S. country head at AMP Capital Investors (US) Ltd. and AE Capital Advisers (US) LLC where he was responsible for investing in credit, structured products and other private assets on behalf of several Australian investors. Prior to this, Mr. Majewski was a Managing Director and head of CLO banking at Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner and Smith Inc. Mr. Majewski also has held leadership positions within the CLO groups at JPMorgan Securities Inc. and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. Mr. Majewski serves as a member of the board of managers and investment committee of Marble Point, and as a director of Marble Point Loan Financing Limited, an investment fund managed by Marble Point which is listed on the London Stock Exchange. Mr. Majewski has a B.S. from Binghamton University and has been a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).
Mr. Majewski also serves as chairman of the boards of directors of Eagle Point Credit Company and Eagle Point Income Company.
Daniel W. Ko, Portfolio Manager (since December 2012). Mr. Ko is a Portfolio Manager of the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management. Mr. Ko is responsible for manager evaluation and structuring investment opportunities in the primary CLO market, analyzing secondary CLO market opportunities, executing trades and monitoring investments. Mr. Ko has specialized in structured finance throughout his entire career.
Prior to joining the Adviser in December 2012, Mr. Ko was with Bank of America Merrill Lynch, or “BAML,” for the previous six years, most recently as Vice President of the CLO structuring group, where he was responsible for modeling the projected deal cash flows, negotiating deal terms with both equity and debt investors and coordinating the rating process. In addition, he was responsible for exploring non-standard structuring initiatives such as financing trades with dynamic leverage, emerging market collateralized bond obligations and European CLOs. Prior to joining the CLO structuring group, Mr. Ko managed BAML’s legacy CLO, trust-preferred securities CDO and asset-backed securities CDO portfolios. Prior to Bank of America’s merger with Merrill Lynch, Mr. Ko was an associate in Merrill Lynch’s CDO structuring group, Mr. Ko graduated magna cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School with a B.S. in finance and accounting.
Daniel M. Spinner (CAIA), Portfolio Manager (since February 2013). Mr. Spinner is a Portfolio Manager of the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management. Mr. Spinner is primarily responsible for overseeing the manager evaluation and due diligence process, monitoring investments, and evaluating potential financing opportunities. Mr. Spinner is also actively involved in investor relations and communications. Mr. Spinner is an alternative asset management industry specialist with 20 years of experience advising, financing and investing in alternative asset management firms and funds. Mr. Spinner’s experience in the CLO market dates back to the late 1990s.
Prior to joining the Adviser in February 2013, Mr. Spinner was an Investment Analyst at the 1199SEIU Benefit and Pension Funds, from June 2009 to February 2013, where he oversaw the private equity, special opportunities credit and real estate allocations. The 1199SEIU Benefit and Pension Funds are collectively among the largest Taft-Hartley plans in the United States. Prior to this, Mr. Spinner was a Managing Director at Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. focused on alternative asset managers. Prior to Bear Stearns, Mr. Spinner was the co-founder and president of Structured Capital Partners, Inc., a financial holding company formed to invest in structured credit managers. Mr. Spinner was credit trained at Chase Manhattan Bank where he began his career as an investment banker and spent seven years in the Financial Institutions Group (including at JPMorgan Securities Inc. post-merger), where he had coverage responsibility for asset management firms including CLO collateral managers. Mr. Spinner serves as a member of the board of managers and investment committee of Marble Point. Mr. Spinner earned a B.A., summa cum laude, from Gettysburg College and an M.B.A. from Columbia University.
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Control Persons
Under the 1940 Act, a control person generally is a person who beneficially owns more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or has the power to exercise control over the management or policies of such company. To the knowledge of the Fund and except as noted below, as of February 25, 2022, no persons were deemed to control the Fund.
Our Adviser has provided an initial investment in the Fund. For so long as the Adviser has a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, the Adviser may be deemed be a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act.
The Adviser’s investment team, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services, and the compensation and routine overhead expenses of such personnel allocable to such services, are provided and paid for by the Adviser. We will bear all other costs and expenses of our operations and transactions, including, but not limited to:
· | the Fund’s organizational expenses; |
· | the cost of calculating our NAV (including the cost and expenses of any independent valuation firm); |
· | debt service and other costs of borrowings or other financing arrangements; |
· | dividends on preferred stock, if any, and any expenses relating to the offering of any preferred stock; |
· | fees and expenses, including legal, consulting or other third-party professional fees and expenses, and travel expenses, incurred by the Adviser or payable to third parties in performing due diligence on prospective investments and, if necessary, enforcing our rights; |
· | amounts payable to third parties relating to, or associated with, evaluating, monitoring, making and disposing of investments; |
· | brokerage fees and commissions; |
· | federal and state registration fees and any applicable exchange listing fees; |
· | federal, state and local taxes; |
· | costs associated with offering or repurchasing our Shares and other securities (including, but not limited to, preferred stock and indebtedness), including costs related to the use of one or more dealer managers and/or underwriters; |
· | the base management fee and any incentive fee; |
· | distributions on our shares or other securities; |
· | administration fees payable to the Administrator under the Administration Agreement; |
· | direct costs and expenses of administration and operation, including printing, mailing, long distance telephone and staff, including fees payable in connection with outsourced administrative functions; |
· | transfer agent and custody fees and expenses; |
· | any fees and expenses relating to escrow agent services; |
· | Independent Trustee fees and expenses; |
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· | the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to our Shareholders, including printing costs; |
· | any applicable distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees; |
· | costs of holding shareholder meetings; |
· | litigation, indemnification and other non-recurring or extraordinary expenses; |
· | fees and expenses associated with marketing, distribution, training and investor relations efforts; |
· | dues, fees and charges of any trade association of which we are a member; |
· | fees and expenses associated with independent audits and outside legal costs; |
· | fidelity bond, Trustees and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance, and any other insurance premiums; |
· | costs associated with our reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws; and |
· | all other expenses reasonably incurred by us or the Administrator in connection with administering our business, such as the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund and allocable to the Fund under the Advisory Agreement or incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions, and our allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of our Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and their respective support staff. |
The Fund’s offering expenses may include underwriter compensation. Total underwriter compensation paid with respect to the offering will not exceed the maximum allowed under FINRA Rule 5110.
Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement
The Adviser has entered into an Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement with the Fund.
For a period of two years as of the date hereof, which can be extended by the Board of Trustees, the Adviser or an affiliate may provide expense support to the Fund in order to reduce operating expenses borne by shareholders, to the extent that it deems appropriate in order to ensure that the Fund bears an appropriate level of expenses. Expense support payments can be made in the form of paying expenses directly, reimbursing the Fund for expenses incurred and paid, or waiving a portion of or all fees due by the Fund to the Adviser or an affiliate during each quarterly calculation period.
Any expense support payment or waiver is subject to reimbursement by the Fund for three years after the date on which such expense support payment or waiver was made.
Organizational and Offering Expenses
The Fund will pay for organizational and offering (“O&O”) expenses up to a limit of 1.50% of gross proceeds raised in the offering. The Fund may pay O&O expenses in the form of direct payments to third party vendors. The Fund may also pay O&O expenses to affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Administrator in the form of reimbursement (“Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement”).
Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement will not be included in the calculation of operating expenses under the Expense Limitation Agreement.
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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
We determine the NAV per share of our Shares by dividing the value of our portfolio investments, cash and other assets (including interest accrued but not collected) less all of our liabilities (including accrued expenses, the aggregate liquidation preference of any preferred stock, borrowings and interest payables) by the total number of outstanding Shares. The most significant estimate inherent in the preparation of our financial statements is the valuation of investments and the related amounts of unrealized appreciation and depreciation of investments recorded. We are required to specifically fair value each individual investment on at least a quarterly basis (with certain exceptions for investments that represent a de minimis percentage of our portfolio, which are fair valued by the Adviser), and may fair value such investments on a more frequent basis as necessary. As the securities that we may hold generally do not have a readily available market quotation, fair value of such securities is determined in good faith by our Board of Trustees in accordance with the 1940 Act. There is no single method for determining fair value in good faith. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments we make.
We account for our investments in accordance with GAAP, and fair value our investment portfolio in accordance with the provisions of the FASB ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification, as amended, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the estimated amount that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price).
In valuing our investments in CLO equity, CLO debt and loan accumulation facilities, the Adviser may consider a variety of relevant factors, including price indications from multiple dealers, or as applicable, a third-party pricing service, recent trading prices for specific investments, recent purchases and sales known to the Adviser in similar securities and output from a third-party financial model. The third-party financial model contains detailed information on the characteristics of CLOs, including recent information about assets and liabilities, and is used to project future cash flows. Key inputs to the model, including assumptions for future loan default rates, recovery rates, prepayment rates, reinvestment rates and discount rates are determined by considering both observable and third-party market data and prevailing general market assumptions and conventions as well as those of the Adviser.
Specifically, we utilize a third-party pricing service in connection with the valuation of our investments in CLO debt. However, if pricing from such third-party pricing service is determined to be stale or otherwise not reflective of current market conditions, we may use an average of independent broker quotes to determine fair value. We engage a third-party independent valuation firm as an input to the Fund’s valuation of the fair value of its investments in CLO equity. The valuation firm’s advice is only one factor considered in the valuation of such investments, and the Board of Trustees does not rely on such advice in determining the fair value of our investments in accordance with the 1940 Act.
Our investment portfolio is valued at least each quarter, or more frequently as may be required by the 1940 Act, after the Board of Trustees has considered the recommendation(s) of the audit committee. The audit committee considers the Adviser’s recommendation of fair value as determined in accordance with our valuation policies and procedures. In support of the Board of Trustees, the audit committee reviews information compiled by the Adviser, including information derived from one or more third party models that take into account various market inputs and a report from the third-party independent valuation firm. Available information is presented to the audit committee to consider when determining that the fair value has been determined in accordance with our valuation policies and procedures and when making its recommendation to the Board of Trustees, which the Board of Trustees then considers when determining the fair value of the investment portfolio in accordance with the 1940 Act.
The Fund has the sole right to change the frequency of determination of net asset value at the Board’s discretion.
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Affiliations of the Adviser and the Administrator
Our executive officers and Trustees, and the Adviser and certain of its affiliates and their officers and employees, including the Senior Investment Team, have several conflicts of interest as a result of the other activities in which they engage. The Adviser and the Administrator are affiliated with other entities engaged in the financial services business. In particular, the Adviser and the Administrator are affiliated with Eagle Point Income Management and Stone Point, and certain members of the Adviser’s Board of Managers are principals of Stone Point. See “Management – Control Persons.” The Adviser and the Administrator are primarily owned by the Trident V Funds through intermediary holding companies. The Trident V Funds and other private equity funds managed by Stone Point invest in financial services companies. In addition, the Adviser is under common control with Marble Point, which is separately registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. Marble Point is a CLO collateral manager and manager of other investment vehicles that invest in senior secured loans, CLO securities and other related investments. Further, the Adviser and its affiliates engage and may in the future engage in a variety of business activities, including investment management, financing, broker-dealer activities and software analytics. As such, the Adviser and its affiliates may have multiple business relationships with CLO collateral managers and investment advisers that encompass a range of activities, such as investing in CLOs managed by a CLO collateral manager on behalf of the Fund, financing, or investing in other securities issued by, other vehicles managed by such CLO collateral manager or other investment adviser (or an affiliate thereof), or otherwise providing advisory, research or data services to such other person for compensation. These relationships may cause the Adviser’s, the Administrator’s and certain of their affiliates’ interests, and the interests of their officers and employees, including the Senior Investment Team, to diverge from our interests and may result in conflicts of interest that may not be foreseen, which conflicts may not be resolved in a manner that is always or exclusively in our best interest.
Other Accounts
The Adviser is responsible for the investment decisions made on our behalf. There are no restrictions on the ability of the Adviser and certain of its affiliates (including Eagle Point Income Management, Stone Point and Marble Point) to manage accounts for multiple clients, including accounts for affiliates of the Adviser or their directors, officers or employees, following the same, similar or different investment objectives, philosophies and strategies as those used by the Adviser for our account. In those situations, the Adviser and its affiliates may have conflicts of interest in allocating investment opportunities between us and any other account managed by such person. See “— Allocations of Opportunities” below. Such conflicts of interest would be expected to be heightened where the Adviser manages an account for an affiliate or its directors, officers or employees. In addition, certain of these accounts may provide for higher management fees or have incentive fees or may allow for higher expense reimbursements, all of which may contribute to a conflict of interest and create an incentive for the Adviser to favor such other accounts. Further, accounts managed by the Adviser or certain of its affiliates hold, and may in the future be allocated, certain investments in CLOs, such as debt tranches, which conflict with the positions held by other accounts in such CLOs, such as us. In these cases, when exercising the rights of each account with respect to such investments, the Adviser and/or its affiliates will have a conflict of interest as actions on behalf of one account may have an adverse effect on another account managed by the Adviser or such affiliate, including us. In such cases, such conflicts may not be resolved in a manner that is always or exclusively in our best interests.
In addition, Eagle Point Income Management, Stone Point, Marble Point and their affiliates, and the investment funds managed by Eagle Point Income Management, Stone Point, Marble Point and such affiliates, may also invest in companies that compete with the Adviser and that therefore manage other accounts and funds that compete for investment opportunities with us.
Our executive officers and Trustees, as well as other current and potential future affiliated persons, officers and employees of the Adviser and certain of its affiliates, may serve as officers, trustees or principals of, or manage the accounts for, other entities, including ECC and EIC, with investment strategies that substantially or partially overlap with the strategy that we pursue. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which obligations may not be in the best interests of us or our Shareholders.
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Further, the professional staff of the Adviser and Administrator will devote as much time to us as such professionals deem appropriate to perform their duties in accordance with the Investment Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement, respectively. However, such persons are also committed to providing investment advisory and other services for other clients including ECC and EIC, unregistered pooled investment vehicles, and separately managed accounts, and engage in other business ventures in which we have no interest. In addition, certain personnel of the Adviser also serve as members of the investment committee of Marble Point or otherwise may be involved in providing research, analysis, valuation and/or other support services to Marble Point or other affiliates of the Adviser.
Certain of the Adviser’s, the Administrator’s and their affiliates’ senior personnel and ultimate managers serve and may serve as officers, trustees, managers or principals of other entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Adviser, the Administrator, and their affiliates, or that are service providers to firms or entities such as the Adviser, the Administrator, the Fund, CLOs or other similar entities. Accordingly, such persons may have obligations to investors in those entities the fulfillment of which may not be in our best interest. In addition, certain of such persons hold direct and indirect personal investments in various companies, including certain investment advisers and other operating companies, some of which do or may provide services to the Adviser, the Administrator, us, or other accounts serviced by the Adviser, the Administrator, or their affiliates, or to any issuer in which the Fund may invest. The Fund may pay fees or other compensation to any such operating company or financial institution for services received. Further, these relationships may result in conflicts of interest that may not be foreseen or may not be resolved in a manner that is always or exclusively in our best interest.
In addition, payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion of the Administrator’s overhead. See “Management — The Administrator” above.
As a result of these separate business activities and payment structure, the Adviser and Administrator have conflicts of interest in allocating management and administrative time, services and functions among the Fund, other accounts that they provide services to, their affiliates and other business ventures or clients.
Allocations of Opportunities
As a fiduciary, the Adviser owes a duty of loyalty to its clients and must treat each client fairly. When the Adviser purchases or sells securities for more than one account, the trades must be allocated in a manner consistent with its fiduciary duties. To this end, the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management have adopted and reviewed policies and procedures pursuant to which they allocate investment opportunities appropriate for more than one client account in a manner deemed appropriate in their sole discretion to achieve a fair and equitable result over time. Pursuant to these policies and procedures, when allocating investment opportunities, the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management may take into account regulatory, tax or legal requirements applicable to an account. In allocating investment opportunities, the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management may use rotational, percentage or other allocation methods provided that doing so is consistent with the Adviser’s and Eagle Point Income Management’s internal conflict of interest and allocation policies and the requirements of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or the “Advisers Act,” the 1940 Act and other applicable laws. In addition, an account managed by the Adviser, such as us, is expected to be considered for the allocation of investment opportunities together with other accounts managed by the Adviser and affiliates of the Adviser, including Eagle Point Income Management. There is no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to any particular account equitably in the short-term or that any such account, including us, will be able to participate in all investment opportunities that are suitable for it.
Allocation of Expenses and Selection of Service Providers
From time to time, the Adviser and the Administrator will be required to determine how certain costs and expenses are to be allocated among the Fund and certain other accounts. Often, an expense is relevant only to the Fund and would be borne only by us. However, it is sometimes the case that costs and expenses are relevant to more than one account. To the extent the Fund, on the one hand, and Adviser, Administrator and/or one or more accounts, on the other hand, incur costs or expenses that are applicable to more than one of them, the Adviser and the Administrator will allocate such costs and expenses in a manner that they determine to be fair and reasonable, notwithstanding their potential interest in the outcome, and may make corrective allocations should they determine that such corrections are necessary or advisable. Further, the Adviser and the Administrator and their affiliates, and their respective personnel and the investment funds serviced by such persons, have interests in companies that provide services to asset management firms such as the Adviser, and to other businesses. Because of these relationships, such persons have a conflict of interest when considering service providers with respect to the Fund and have an incentive to select those service providers in which such persons have an interest. The selection of such a service provider may result in the Fund bearing fees and expenses paid to a service provider that is affiliated with, or otherwise has a relationship with, the Adviser, the Administrator or their affiliates.
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In addition, the Adviser and the Administrator have a conflict of interest where a service provider provides services directly to the Adviser and/or the Administrator or an affiliate thereof, and separately provides services to the Fund, in that the Adviser, the Administrator and/or an affiliate thereof may potentially obtain services at a lower cost than it otherwise could have as a result of the service provider’s work performed on behalf of, and the compensation paid to the service provider by, the Fund. In addition, the Adviser and the Administrator and their affiliates may use some of the same service providers as are retained on behalf of the Fund and, in some cases, fee rates, amounts or discounts may be offered to the Adviser, the Administrator and/or their affiliates by a third party service provider which differ from those offered to the Fund as a result of scheduled or ad hoc rate changes, differences in the scope, type or nature of the service or transaction, alternative fee arrangements and negotiation.
Leverage
We may incur leverage, directly or indirectly, through one or more special purpose vehicles, indebtedness for borrowed money, as well as leverage in the form of Derivative Transactions, shares of preferred stock, debt securities and other structures and instruments, in significant amounts and on terms that the Adviser and our Board of Trustees deem appropriate, subject to applicable limitations under the 1940 Act. Such leverage may be used for the acquisition and financing of our investments, to pay fees and expenses and for other purposes. Such leverage may be secured and/or unsecured. Any such leverage does not include leverage embedded or inherent in the CLO structures in which we invest or in derivative instruments in which we may invest. The more leverage we employ, the more likely a substantial change will occur in our NAV. Accordingly, any event that adversely affects the value of an investment would be magnified to the extent leverage is utilized. Our incentive fee structure and the formula for calculating the fee payable to the Adviser may incentivize the Adviser to pursue speculative investments and use leverage in a manner that adversely impacts our performance. The incentive fee payable to the Adviser is based on our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, as calculated in accordance with our Investment Advisory Agreement. This may encourage the Adviser to use leverage to increase the return on our investments, even when it may not be appropriate to do so, and to refrain from de-levering when it would otherwise be appropriate to do so. In addition, because our management fee is based in part on the paid-in capital of any preferred stock that we issue, we may have an incentive to incur leverage by issuing preferred stock when it is not appropriate to do so or when it is advantageous to use other forms of leverage, such as issuing debt. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would impair the value of our securities.
Valuation
Generally, there is not a public market for the CLO investments we target. As a result, we value, and our Board of Trustees reviews and determines, in good faith, in accordance with the 1940 Act, the value of, these securities based on relevant information compiled by the Adviser and third-party pricing services (when available) as described under “Determination of Net Asset Value.” Our Interested Trustees are associated with the Adviser and have an interest in the Adviser’s economic success. The participation of the Adviser’s investment professionals in our valuation process, and the interest of our Interested Trustees in the Adviser, could result in a conflict of interest as the base management fee paid to the Adviser is based, in part, on our net assets.
Co-Investments and Related Party Transactions
In the ordinary course of business, we may enter into transactions with persons who are affiliated with us by reason of being under common control of the Adviser or its affiliates, including Eagle Point Income Management and Stone Point. In order to ensure that we do not engage in any prohibited transactions with any persons affiliated with us, we have implemented certain policies and procedures whereby our executive officers screen each of our transactions for any possible affiliations between us, the Adviser and its affiliates and our employees, officers and Trustees. We will not enter into any such transactions unless and until we are satisfied that doing so is consistent with the 1940 Act, applicable SEC exemptive rules, interpretations or guidance, or the terms of the exemptive order (discussed below), as applicable. Our affiliations may require us to forgo attractive investment opportunities. For example, we may be limited in our ability to invest in CLOs managed by certain affiliates of the Adviser.
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We co-invest on a concurrent basis with other accounts managed by the Adviser and may do so with other accounts managed by certain of our Adviser’s affiliates, subject to compliance with applicable regulations and regulatory guidance and our written allocation procedures. Exemptive relief granted by the SEC to Eagle Point Credit Management and certain of its affiliates (as well as ECC) permits us to participate in certain negotiated co-investments alongside other accounts, including ECC and EIC, managed by the Adviser, or certain of its affiliates, subject to certain conditions including (i) that a majority of our Trustees who have no financial interest in the transaction and a majority of our Trustees who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of ours approve the co-investment and (ii) the price, terms and conditions of the co-investment are the same for each participant. The Adviser may determine not to allocate certain potential co-investment opportunities to the Fund after taking into account regulatory requirements or other considerations. See “— Allocations of Opportunities” above. A copy of the application for this exemptive relief, including all of the conditions, and the related order are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Stone Point-Related Investments
Portfolio companies of investment funds managed by Stone Point and other affiliates of Stone Point may engage in lending activities, which could result in us investing in CLOs that include loans underwritten by such a portfolio company or affiliate. In addition, the CLOs in which we expect to invest consist principally of senior secured loans, which in many cases may be issued to operating companies that are primarily owned by private equity funds, including funds that may be managed by Stone Point or its affiliates. In addition to the above, because portfolio companies of such investment funds engage in a wide range of businesses, such entities may engage in other activities now or in the future that create a conflict of interest for the Adviser with respect to its management of us. Any of these potential transactions and activities may result in the Adviser having a conflict of interest that may not be resolved in a manner that is always or exclusively in our best interest or in the best interest of our Shareholders.
Material Non-Public Information
By reason of the advisory and/or other activities of the Adviser and its affiliates, including Marble Point, the Adviser and its affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information or be restricted from initiating transactions in certain securities. The Adviser will not be free to divulge, or to act upon, any such confidential or material non-public information and, due to these restrictions, it may not be able to initiate a transaction for our account that it otherwise might have initiated. As a result, we may be frozen in an investment position that we otherwise might have liquidated or closed out or may not be able to acquire a position that we might otherwise have acquired.
Code of Ethics and Compliance Procedures
In order to address the conflicts of interest described above, we have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-l of the 1940 Act. Similarly, the Adviser has separately adopted the “Adviser Code of Ethics.” The Adviser Code of Ethics requires the officers and employees of the Adviser to act in the best interests of the Adviser and its client accounts (including us), act in good faith and in an ethical manner, avoid conflicts of interests with the client accounts to the extent reasonably possible and identify and manage conflicts of interest to the extent that they arise. Personnel subject to each code of ethics may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. In addition, our code of ethics and the Adviser’s Code of Ethics are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Our Trustees and officers, and the officers and employees of the Adviser, are also required to comply with applicable provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws and make prompt reports to supervisory personnel of any actual or suspected violations of law.
In addition, the Adviser has built a professional working environment, firm-wide compliance culture and compliance procedures and systems designed to protect against potential incentives that may favor one account over another. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures that address the allocation of investment opportunities, execution of portfolio transactions, personal trading by employees and other potential conflicts of interest that are designed to ensure that all client accounts are treated equitably over time.
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No Right of Redemption
No Shareholder or other person holding Shares acquired from a Shareholder has the right to require the Fund to repurchase any Shares. No public market for Shares exists, and none is expected to develop in the future. Consequently, Shareholders may not be able to liquidate their investment other than as a result of repurchases of Shares by the Fund, as described below.
Repurchases of Shares
The Fund may from time to time offer to repurchase Shares pursuant to written tenders by Shareholders. Subject to the Board’s discretion, the Fund intends to offer to repurchase Shares from Shareholders in each quarter in an amount up to 5% of the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund may extend multiple offers to repurchase Shares in a quarter in an aggregate amount of 5% of the Fund’s net asset value.
There is no minimum number of Shares which must be repurchased in any repurchase offer. The Fund has no obligation to repurchase Shares at any time; any such repurchases will only be made at such times, in such amounts and on such terms as may be determined by the Board of Trustees, in its sole discretion. In determining whether the Fund should offer to repurchase Shares, the Board of Trustees will consider the recommendations of the Adviser as to the timing and amount of such an offer, as well as a variety of operational, business and economic factors.
The Adviser currently expects that, generally, it will recommend to the Board of Trustees that the Fund offer to repurchase Shares from Shareholders quarterly, with such repurchases to be offered at the Fund’s net asset value per share as of the Valuation Date. Each repurchase offer will generally commence at least 20 business days prior to the Valuation Date. In determining whether to accept a recommendation to conduct a repurchase offer at any such time, the Board of Trustees will consider the following factors, among others:
· | the liquidity of the Fund’s assets; |
· | the investment plans and working capital and reserve requirements of the Fund; |
· | the relative economies of scale of the tenders with respect to the size of the Fund; |
· | the history of the Fund in repurchasing Shares; |
· | the ability to readily determine the Fund’s NAV per share; |
· | the existing conditions of the securities markets and the economy generally, as well as political, national or international developments or current affairs; |
· | any anticipated tax consequences to the Fund of any proposed repurchases of Shares; and |
· | the recommendations of the Adviser. |
The Fund will repurchase Shares from Shareholders pursuant to written tenders on terms and conditions that the Board of Trustees determines to be fair to the Fund and to all Shareholders. If and when the Board of Trustees determines that the Fund will repurchase Shares, notice will be provided to Shareholders describing the terms of the offer, containing information Shareholders should consider in deciding whether to participate in the repurchase opportunity and containing information on how to participate. Shareholders deciding whether to tender their Shares during the period that a repurchase offer is open may obtain the Fund’s net asset value per share by contacting the Adviser during the period. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders who tender Shares, the Fund may repurchase a pro rata portion by value of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder, extend the repurchase offer, or take any other action with respect to the repurchase offer permitted by applicable law.
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Repurchases of Shares from Shareholders by the Fund will generally be paid in cash. Repurchases will be effective after receipt and acceptance by the Fund of eligible written tenders of Shares from Shareholders by the applicable repurchase offer deadline. The Fund does not impose any charges in connection with repurchases of Shares.
Shares will be repurchased by the Fund after the Management Fee has been deducted from the Fund’s assets as of the end of the month in which the repurchase occurs — i.e., the accrued Management Fee for the month in which Fund shares are to be repurchased is deducted prior to effecting the relevant repurchase of Fund shares.
Payment for repurchased Shares may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio holdings earlier than the Adviser would otherwise have caused these holdings to be liquidated, potentially resulting in losses, and may increase the Fund’s investment related expenses as a result of higher portfolio turnover rates. The Adviser intends to take measures, subject to policies as may be established by the Board of Trustees, to attempt to avoid or minimize potential losses and expenses resulting from the repurchase of Shares.
A Shareholder tendering for repurchase only a portion of the Shareholder’s Shares will be required to maintain an account balance of at least $2,500 after giving effect to the repurchase. If a Shareholder tenders an amount that would cause the Shareholder’s account balance to fall below the required minimum, the Fund reserves the right to repurchase or redeem all of a Shareholder’s Shares at any time if the aggregate value of such Shareholder’s Shares is, at the time of such compulsory repurchase or redemption, less than the minimum initial investment applicable for the Fund. This right of the Fund to repurchase or redeem Shares compulsorily may be a factor which Shareholders may wish to consider when determining the extent of any tender for purchase by the Fund.
The Fund may also repurchase and/or redeem Shares of a Shareholder without consent or other action by the Shareholder or other person, in accordance with the terms of its Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act, including Rule 23c-2 under the 1940 Act, if the Fund determines that:
· | ownership of Shares by a Shareholder or other person is likely to cause the Fund to be in violation of, require registration of any Shares under, or subject the Fund to additional registration or regulation under, the securities, commodities or other laws of the United States or any other relevant jurisdiction; |
· | continued ownership of Shares by a Shareholder may be harmful or injurious to the business or reputation of the Fund, the Board of Trustees, the Adviser or any of their affiliates, or may subject the Fund or any Shareholder to an undue risk of adverse tax or other fiscal or regulatory consequences; |
· | any of the representations and warranties made by a Shareholder or other person in connection with the acquisition of Shares was not true when made or has ceased to be true; |
· | with respect to a Shareholder subject to Special Laws or Regulations, the Shareholder is likely to be subject to additional regulatory or compliance requirements under these Special Laws or Regulations by virtue of continuing to hold any Shares; |
· | the Shareholder’s estate submits a tender request and proof of owner’s death; |
· | the disabled Shareholder’s legal representative submits tender request and proof of qualified disability; or |
· | it would be in the best interests of the Fund for the Fund to repurchase the Shares. |
In the event that the Adviser or any of its affiliates holds Shares in the capacity of a Shareholder, the Shares may be tendered for repurchase in connection with any repurchase offer made by the Fund. Shareholders who require minimum annual distributions from a retirement account through which they hold Shares should consider the Fund’s schedule for repurchase offers and submit repurchase requests accordingly.
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Description of Capital Structure
The information contained under this heading is only a summary and is subject to the provisions contained in the Fund’s Declaration of Trust and By-Laws and applicable laws, which are on file with the SEC.
Shares of Beneficial Interest
The Fund's Declaration of Trust authorizes the Fund’s issuance of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest of each class. Shareholders are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to Shareholders of private corporations organized for profit incorporated in the State of Delaware and therefore generally will not be personally liable for the Fund’s debts or obligations.
Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, all shares, when consideration for the shares is received by the Fund, will be fully paid and nonassessable. Dividends and distributions may be paid to shareholders if, as and when authorized and declared by the Board. Except as otherwise provided by the Board, shares will have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional shares or other securities issued by the Fund, and will be transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by law or contract. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board shall have the power to cause the Fund to repurchase or redeem shares. In the event of the Fund's dissolution, after the Fund pays or adequately provides for the payment of all claims and obligations of the Fund, and upon the receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements deemed necessary by the Board, each share will be entitled to receive, according to its respective rights, a pro rata portion of the Fund's assets available for distribution for the applicable class, subject to any preferential rights of holders of the Fund's outstanding preferred shares, if any. Each whole share will be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional share will be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. However, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or otherwise determined by the Board, classes of the Fund will vote separately from each other. Shareholders shall be entitled to vote on all matters on which a vote of shareholders is required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust or a resolution of the Board. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of or removal of Trustees. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Fund shall hold shareholder meetings to the extent required by the 1940 Act, regulation, or pursuant to special meetings called by the Board or a majority of shareholders.
Preferred Stock and Other Securities
The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may, subject to the Fund's fundamental policies and restrictions and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and cause the Fund to issue securities of the Fund other than Shares (including preferred interests, debt securities or other senior securities), by action of the Board without the approval of Shareholders. The Board may determine the terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions of such securities as the Board sees fit.
Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund must, immediately after the issuance of any preferred shares, have an “asset coverage” of at least 200%. Asset coverage means the ratio by which the value of the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), bears to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness of the Fund, if any, plus the aggregate liquidation preference of the preferred shares. If the Fund seeks a rating of the preferred shares, asset coverage requirements or portfolio composition requirements, in addition to those set forth in the 1940 Act, may be imposed. The terms of the preferred shares, including their dividend rate, voting rights, liquidation preference and redemption provisions, will be determined by the Board (subject to applicable law and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust) if and when it authorizes the preferred shares. The Fund may issue preferred shares that provide for the periodic redetermination of the dividend rate at relatively short intervals through an auction or remarketing procedure, although the terms of the preferred shares may also enable the Fund to lengthen such intervals. If the dividend rate as redetermined on the Fund’s preferred shares plus the expenses of issuance approaches or exceeds the Fund's current income after expenses on the investment of proceeds from the preferred shares, the Fund’s leveraged capital structure would result in a lower rate of current income to shareholders than if the Fund were not so structured.
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, the terms of any preferred shares may entitle the holders of preferred shares to receive a preferential liquidating distribution (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus redemption premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not earned or declared and on a cumulative basis) before any distribution of assets is made to shareholders. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the preferred shareholders would not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund.
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Preferred shares could be issued with rights and preferences that would adversely affect common shareholders. Preferred shares could also be used as an anti-takeover device. Every issuance of preferred shares will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (i) immediately after issuance of preferred shares and before any distribution is made with respect to the shares and before any purchase of shares is made, the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference of such preferred shares together with the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference or aggregate value of all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of the Fund’s total assets after deducting the amount of such distribution or purchase price, as the case may be; and (ii) the holders of preferred shares, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two Trustees at all times and to elect a majority of the Trustees if distributions on such preferred shares are in arrears by two years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred shares.
Credit Facility
The Fund may enter into definitive agreements with respect to a credit facility in an aggregate amount up to 331/3% of the Fund’s total assets immediately after giving effect to the leverage. The Fund expects that such a credit facility would contain covenants that, among other things, likely will limit the Fund’s ability to pay dividends in certain circumstances, incur additional debt and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations, and may require asset coverage ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Fund may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion of its total assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Fund expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant, negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no assurance that the Fund will enter into an agreement for a credit facility on terms and conditions representative of the foregoing, or that additional material terms will not apply. In addition, if entered into, any such credit facility may in the future be replaced or refinanced by one or more credit facilities having substantially different terms.
Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
The information contained under this heading is only a summary. Please refer to the provisions in Fund's Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, which are on file with the SEC, for more information.
Limitation on Liability of Trustees and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, Trustees and officers of the Fund will not be subject in such capacity to any personal liability to the Fund or shareholders, unless the liability arises from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for the Trustee's or officer's duty.
Except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust, the Fund will indemnify and hold harmless any current or former Trustee or officer of the Fund against any liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) relating to the defense of any claim, action, suit or proceeding with which such person is involved or threatened while and with respect to acting in the capacity of a Trustee or officer of the Fund, except with respect to matters in which such person did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interest of the Fund. In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Fund will not indemnify any Trustee or officer for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties of his or her position. The Fund will provide indemnification to Trustees and officers prior to a final determination regarding entitlement to indemnification as described in the Declaration of Trust.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Fund will advance the expenses of defending any action for which indemnification is sought if the Fund receives an undertaking by the indemnitee which provides that the indemnitee will reimburse the Fund unless it is subsequently determined that the indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification.
Number of Trustees; Appointment of Trustees; Vacancies; Removal
The Declaration of Trust provides that the number of Trustees shall be no less than one (1) and no more than nine (9), as determined in writing by a majority of the Trustees then in office. As set forth in the Declaration of Trust, a Trustee’s term of office shall continue until his or her death, resignation or removal. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, individuals may be appointed by the Trustees at any time to fill vacancies on the Board by the appointment of such persons by a majority of the Trustees then in office. Each Trustee shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been appointed pursuant to the Declaration of Trust. Trustees shall be elected by the affirmative vote of a plurality of the Shares voted at a meeting of the Shareholders to the extent Shareholders are entitled to vote to elect Trustees.
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A Trustee may be removed from office for cause only, and not without cause, by action taken by a majority of the remaining Trustees or by the holders of at least a majority of the Shares then entitled to vote in an election of such Trustee. As set forth in the Declaration of Trust, a Trustee's term of office shall continue until his or her death, resignation or removal.
Action by Shareholders
Under the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, shareholder action can be taken at an annual or special meeting of shareholders or by written consent. In addition, the Fund’s Declaration of Trust prohibits derivative actions on behalf of the Fund by any person who is not a Trustee or shareholder of the Fund, except that such provision does not apply to any claims asserted under the U.S. federal securities laws including, without limitation, the 1940 Act. No shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Fund unless holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares join in the bringing of such action. The By-Laws provide that the federal or state courts in Delaware shall be the exclusive forum in which certain types of litigation may be brought. The By-Laws provide that shareholders waive any and all right to trial by jury in any claim, suit, action or proceeding.
Amendment of Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act and except as provided in the Declaration of Trust, the Board may amend the Declaration of Trust without any vote of shareholders. Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws and subject to the provisions therein, the Board has the exclusive power to amend or repeal the bylaws or adopt new bylaws.
No Appraisal Rights
In certain extraordinary transactions, some jurisdictions provide the right to dissenting shareholders to demand and receive the fair value of their shares, subject to certain procedures and requirements set forth in such statute. Those rights are commonly referred to as appraisal rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that shares shall not entitle shareholders to appraisal rights.
Control Share Acquisitions
The Fund’s By-Laws provide that a shareholder who obtains beneficial ownership of shares in a “Control Share Acquisition” shall have no voting rights with respect to such shares except to the extent authorized by shareholders of the Fund. Such authorization shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the shares of the Fund entitled to vote on the matter, excluding interested shares. Interested shares include shares held by Fund officers, Interested Trustees of the Fund, and any person who has acquired shares in a Control Share Acquisition (the “Control Share Provisions”). The By-Laws define a “Control Share Acquisition,” pursuant to various conditions and exceptions, to include an acquisition of Shares that would give the beneficial owner, upon the acquisition of such shares, the ability to exercise voting power, but for the Control Share Provisions, in the election of trustees in any of the following ranges: (i) one-tenth or more, but less than one-third of all voting power; (ii) one-third or more, but less than a majority of all voting power; or (iii) a majority of all voting power. For this purpose, all shares acquired by a person within 90 days before or after the date on which such person acquires shares that result in a Control Share Acquisition, and all shares acquired by such person pursuant to a plan to make a Control Share Acquisition, shall be deemed to have been acquired in the same Control Share Acquisition. Subject to various conditions and procedural requirements, including the delivery of a “Control Share Acquisition Statement” to the Fund setting forth certain required information, a shareholder who obtains or proposes to obtain beneficial ownership of shares in a Control Share Acquisition generally may request a vote of shareholders to approve the authorization of voting rights of such shareholder with respect to such shares at a meeting of Fund shareholders following the Control Share Acquisition.
Conflict with Applicable Laws and Regulations
The Declaration of Trust provides that if and to the extent that any provision of the Declaration of Trust conflicts with any provision of the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the Code, and the regulations thereunder, the Delaware Statutory Trust Act or with other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of the Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this Declaration of Trust or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination.
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Change of Control Provisions
The Fund’s Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of its Board. Such attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the Fund and disrupting the normal operation of the Fund.
The Declaration of Trust grants special approval rights with respect to certain matters to members of the Board who qualify as “Continuing Trustees,” which term means trustees who either (i) have been members of the Board for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the commencement of the Fund's operations, if less than 36 months) or (ii) were nominated to serve as members of the Board by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board.
The Declaration of Trust requires the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the Board and 75% of the Continuing Trustees to authorize certain Fund transactions, including the merger, consolidation, share exchange, dissolution, liquidation or termination of the Fund.
The Board may from time to time grant other voting rights to shareholders with respect to these and other matters, certain of which are required by the 1940 Act.
The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control by a third party. These provisions also provide, however, the advantage of potentially requiring persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid and facilitating the continuity of the Fund's investment objective and policies. The provisions of the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws could have the effect of discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund. The Board has considered the foregoing anti-takeover provisions and concluded that they are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
For the purposes of calculating “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” under the Declaration of Trust, each class and series of the Fund will vote together as a single class, except to the extent required by the 1940 Act or the Declaration of Trust, with respect to any class or series of shares. If a separate class vote is required, the applicable proportion of shares of the class or series, voting as a separate class or series, also will be required.
The Board has determined that provisions with respect to the Board and the shareholder voting requirements described above, which voting requirements are greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the 1940 Act, are in the best interests of shareholders generally.
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences generally applicable to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Shares, which collectively will be referred to as “stock” in this section. Unless otherwise stated, this summary deals only with our securities held as capital assets for U.S. federal tax purposes (generally, property held for investment).
As used herein, a “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of the securities that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes any of the following:
· | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; |
· | a corporation (or any other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state or other political subdivision thereof (including the District of Columbia); |
· | a trust if it (a) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations or “Treasury Regulations,” to be treated as a United States person; or |
· | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source. |
The term “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of the securities (other than a partnership or any other entity or other arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. holder.
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An individual may, subject to exceptions, be deemed to be a resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as opposed to a non-resident alien, by, among other ways, being present in the United States (i) on at least 31 days in the calendar year, and (ii) for an aggregate of at least 183 days during a three-year period ending in the current calendar year, counting for such purposes all of the days present in the current year, one-third of the days present in the immediately preceding calendar year, and one-sixth of the days present in the second preceding calendar year. Individuals who are residents for such purposes are subject to U.S. federal income tax as if they were United States citizens.
This summary does not represent a detailed description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to you, as a holder of our securities, if you are a person subject to special tax treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, including, without limitation:
· | a dealer in securities or currencies; |
· | a financial institution; |
· | a RIC; |
· | a real estate investment trust; |
· | a tax-exempt organization; |
· | an insurance company; |
· | a person holding the securities as part of a hedging, integrated, conversion or constructive sale transaction or a straddle; |
· | a trader in securities that has elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities; |
· | a person subject to alternative minimum tax; |
· | a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
· | a U.S. holder whose “functional currency” (as defined in Section 985 of the Code) is not the U.S. dollar; |
· | a CFC; |
· | a PFIC; |
· | a United States expatriate or foreign persons or entities (except to the extent set forth below); or |
· | a holder that is subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Code. |
If a partnership (including any entity classified or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds the securities, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partnership or a partner in a partnership holding our securities, you should consult your own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of an investment in our securities.
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This summary is based on the Code, Treasury Regulations, rulings and judicial decisions as of the date hereof. Those authorities may be changed, possibly on a retroactive basis, so as to result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those summarized below. This summary does not represent a detailed description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to you in light of your particular circumstances and does not address the effects of any aspects of U.S. estate or gift, or state, local or non-U.S. income, estate, or gift tax laws. It is not intended to be, and should not be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any particular purchaser of our securities. We have not sought and will not seek any ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or the “IRS.” No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax aspects set forth below. You should consult your own tax advisors concerning the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of the ownership of our securities, as well as the consequences to you arising under the laws or other guidance of any other taxing jurisdiction.
Important U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Affecting Us
We intend to be treated, and intend to qualify each tax year, as a RIC under the Code, commencing with our first tax year. Accordingly, we must satisfy certain requirements relating to sources of our income and diversification of our total derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities and currencies, or the “90% Gross Income Test.” A “qualified publicly traded partnership” is a publicly traded partnership that meets certain requirements with respect to the nature of its income. To qualify as a RIC, we must also satisfy certain requirements with respect to the diversification of our assets. We must have, at the close of each quarter of the tax year, at least 50% of the value of our total assets represented by cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities that, in respect of any one issuer, do not represent more than 5% of the value of our assets nor more than 10% of the voting securities of that issuer. In addition, at those times, not more than 25% of the value of our assets may be invested in securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, or of two or more issuers, which we control and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships, or the “Asset Diversification Tests.” If we fail to satisfy the 90% Gross Income Test, we will nevertheless be considered to have satisfied the test if (i) (a) such failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and (b) we report the failure pursuant to Treasury Regulations to be adopted, and (ii) we pay a tax equal to the excess non-qualifying income. If we fail to meet any of the Asset Diversification Tests with respect to any quarter of any tax year, we will nevertheless be considered to have satisfied the requirements for such quarter if we cure such failure within six months and either (i) such failure is de minimis or (ii) (a) such failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and (b) we report the failure under Treasury Regulations to be adopted and pay an excise tax.
As a RIC, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code) and net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital loss), if any, that we distribute in each tax year as dividends to Shareholders, provided that we distribute dividends of an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of our investment company taxable income, determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, plus 90% of our net tax-exempt interest income for such tax year, or the “90% Distribution Requirement.” We intend to distribute to our Shareholders, at least annually, substantially all of our investment company taxable income, net tax-exempt income and net capital gains. In order to avoid incurring a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax obligation, the Code requires that we distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year dividends of an amount generally at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of our ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for such calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of our capital gain net income, adjusted for certain ordinary losses and generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year (unless we have made an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code to have our required distribution from net income measured using the one-year period ending on November 30 of such calendar year) and (iii) 100% of any ordinary income and capital gain net income from prior calendar years (as previously computed) that were not paid out during such calendar years and on which we incurred no U.S. federal income tax, or the “Excise Tax Distribution Requirement.” Any dividends declared by us during October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to Shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following calendar year, will be treated for federal income tax purposes as if it had been paid by us, as well as received by our U.S. Shareholders, on December 31 of the calendar year in which the distribution was declared.
We may incur in the future the 4% federal excise tax on a portion of our income and capital gains. While we intend to distribute income and capital gains to minimize our exposure to the 4% federal excise tax, we may not be able to, or may choose not to, distribute amounts sufficient to avoid the imposition of the tax entirely. In that event, we generally will be liable for the 4% federal excise tax only on the amount by which we do not meet the excise tax avoidance requirement.
If we do not qualify as a RIC or fail to satisfy the 90% Distribution Requirement for any tax year, we would be subject to corporate income tax on our taxable income, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including distributions of net capital gains (if any), will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of individual and other non-corporate shareholders and (ii) for the dividends received deduction, or the “DRD,” in the case of certain corporate shareholders. In addition, in order to requalify for taxation as a RIC, we may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make certain distributions.
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For purposes of the 90% Gross Income Test, income that we earn from equity interests in certain entities that are not treated as corporations or as qualified publicly traded partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (e.g., certain CLOs that are treated as partnerships) will generally have the same character for us as in the hands of such an entity; consequently, we may be required to limit our equity investments in any such entities that earn fee income, rental income, or other nonqualifying income.
Some of the income and fees that we may recognize will not satisfy the 90% Gross Income Test. In order to ensure that such income and fees do not disqualify us as a RIC for a failure to satisfy such test, we may be required to recognize such income and fees indirectly through one or more entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such corporations will be subject to pay U.S. corporate income tax on their earnings, which ultimately will reduce our return on such income and fees.
We may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive cash. For example, if we hold debt instruments that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (“OID”) (which may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the origination of a loan or possibly in other circumstances), we must include in income each tax year a portion of the OID that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same tax year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as contractual PIK interest (which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term) and deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock. Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the tax year of accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our Shareholders in order to satisfy the 90% Distribution Requirement or the Excise Tax Distribution Requirement, even though we will not have received any corresponding cash amount.
We may invest (directly or indirectly through an investment in an equity interest in a CLO treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) a portion of our net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for us. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when we may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by us to the extent necessary in order to seek to ensure that we distribute sufficient income that we do not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Some of the CLOs in which we invest may constitute PFICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because we acquire interests treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in PFICs (including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in CLOs that are PFICs), we may be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by us to our Shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on us in respect of deferred taxes arising from any such excess distributions or gains. If we invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a QEF in lieu of the foregoing requirements, we will be required to include in income each tax year our proportionate share of the ordinary earnings and net capital gain of the QEF, even if such income is not distributed to us. Alternatively, we can elect to mark-to-market at the end of each tax year (as well as on certain other dates described in the Code) our shares in a PFIC; in this case, we will recognize as ordinary income any increase in the value of such shares, and as an ordinary loss any decrease in such value to the extent it does not exceed prior increases included in our ordinary income. Under either election, we may be required to recognize in a tax year taxable income in excess of our distributions from PFICs and our proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock during that tax year, and we may be required to distribute such taxable income in order to satisfy the 90% Gross Income Test, the Excise Tax Distribution Requirement or the 90% Distribution Requirement. Applicable treasury regulations generally treat our income inclusion with respect to a PFIC with respect to which we have made a qualified electing fund, or “QEF”, election, as qualifying income for purposes of determining our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC if (i) there is a current distribution out of the earnings and profits of the PFIC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. As such, we may be restricted in our ability to make QEF elections with respect to our holdings in issuers that could be treated as PFICs in order to limit our tax liability or maximize our after-tax return from these investments.
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If we hold more than 10% of the interests treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a foreign corporation that is treated as a CFC (including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in a CLO treated as CFC), we may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each tax year from such foreign corporation in an amount equal to our pro rata share of the corporation’s income for the tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains), whether or not the corporation makes an actual distribution during such tax year. This deemed distribution is required to be included in the income of a U.S. Stockholder of a CFC regardless of whether the shareholder has made a QEF election with respect to such CFC. In general, a foreign corporation will be classified as a CFC if more than 50% of the shares of the corporation, measured by reference to combined voting power or value, is owned (directly, indirectly or by attribution) by U.S. Shareholders. A “U.S. Stockholder,” for this purpose, is any U.S. person that possesses (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the combined voting power or value of all classes of shares of a corporation. If we are treated as receiving a deemed distribution from a CFC, we will be required to include such deemed distribution in our investment company taxable income regardless of whether we receive any actual distributions from such CFC, and we must distribute such income in order to satisfy the Excise Tax Distribution Requirement or the 90% Distribution Requirement. Applicable treasury regulations generally treat our income inclusion with respect to a CFC as qualifying income for purposes of determining our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC either if (i) there is a distribution out of the earnings and profits of the CFC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (ii) such inclusion is derived with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies. As such, we may limit and/or manage our holdings in issuers that could be treated as CFCs in order to limit our tax liability or maximize our after-tax return from these investments.
FATCA generally imposes a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on U.S. source periodic payments, including interest and dividends to certain non-U.S. entities, including certain non-U.S. financial institutions and investment funds, unless such non-U.S. entity complies with certain reporting requirements regarding its United States account holders and its United States owners. Most CLOs in which we invest will be treated as non-U.S. financial entities for this purpose, and therefore will be required to comply with these reporting requirements to avoid the 30% withholding. If a CLO in which we invest fails to properly comply with these reporting requirements, it could reduce the amounts available to distribute to equity and junior debt holders in such CLO, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
Under Section 988 of the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time we accrue income, expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time we actually collect such income or pay such expenses or liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, gains or losses on foreign currency forward, futures and options contracts, similar financial instruments as well as upon the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss. Any such transactions that are not directly related to our investment in securities (possibly including speculative currency positions or currency derivatives not used for hedging purposes) also could, under future Treasury Regulations, produce income not among the types of “qualifying income” for purposes of the 90% Gross Income test.
Gain or loss realized by us from the sale or exchange of warrants acquired by us as well as any loss attributable to the lapse of such warrants generally will be treated as capital gain or loss. The treatment of such gain or loss as long-term or short-term will depend on how long we held a particular warrant. Upon the exercise of a warrant acquired by us, our tax basis in the stock purchased under the warrant will equal the sum of the amount paid for the warrant plus the strike price paid on the exercise of the warrant.
Our transactions in futures contracts and options will be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect the character of our realized gains and losses realized (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital, or short-term or long-term), may accelerate recognition of income to us and may defer our losses. These rules could, therefore, affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to Shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require us to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in our portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were realized), and (b) may cause us to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the 90% Distribution Requirement for qualifying to be taxed as a RIC or the Excise Tax Distribution Requirement. We will monitor our transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in our books and records when we acquire any futures contract, option or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent our disqualification from being taxed as a RIC.
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Generally, our hedging transactions (including certain covered call options) may result in “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of our realized gains (or losses). In addition, our realized losses on positions that are part of a straddle may be deferred under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in calculating the taxable income for the taxable year in which the losses are realized. Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences to us of engaging in hedging transactions are not entirely clear. Hedging transactions may increase the amount of our realized short-term capital gain which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders.
We may make one or more of the elections available under the Code which are applicable to straddles. If we make any of the elections, the amount, character and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the election(s) made. The rules applicable under certain of the elections may operate to accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions.
Because the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions, the amount which may be distributed to shareholders, and which will be taxed to them as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased as compared to a fund that did not engage in such hedging transactions.
Certain of our investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, wash sale, short sale and other rules) that may, among other things, (i) convert dividends that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income into ordinary income, (ii) treat dividends that would otherwise be eligible for deductions available to certain U.S. corporations under the Code as ineligible for such treatment, (iii) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (iv) convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (v) convert an ordinary loss or deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (vi) cause us to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (vii) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions, and (viii) produce income that will not qualify as good income for purposes of the 90% Gross Income Test. While we may not always be successful in doing so, we will seek to avoid or minimize the adverse tax consequences of our investment practices.
We may recognize gain (but not loss) from a constructive sale of certain “appreciated financial positions” if we enter into a short sale, offsetting notional principal contract, or forward contract transaction with respect to the appreciated position or substantially identical property. Appreciated financial positions subject to this constructive sale treatment include interests (including options and forward contracts and short sales) in stock and certain other instruments. Constructive sale treatment does not apply if the transaction is closed out not later than thirty days after the end of the tax year in which the transaction was initiated, and the underlying appreciated securities position is held unhedged for at least the next sixty days after the hedging transaction is closed.
Gain or loss from a short sale of property is generally considered as capital gains or loss to the extent the property used to close the short sale constitutes a capital asset in our hands. Except with respect to certain situations where the property used to close a short sale has a long-term holding period on the date the short sale is entered into, gains on short sales generally are short-term capital gains. A loss on a short sale will be treated as a long-term capital loss if, on the date of the short sale, “substantially identical property” has been held by us for more than one year. In addition, entering into a short sale may result in suspension of the holding period of “substantially identical property” held by us.
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Gain or loss on a short sale will generally not be realized until such time as the short sale is closed. However, as described above in the discussion of constructive sales, if we holds a short sale position with respect to securities that have appreciated in value, and we then acquire property that is the same as or substantially identical to the property sold short, we generally will recognize gain on the date we acquire such property as if the short sale were closed on such date with such property. Similarly, if we hold an appreciated financial position with respect to securities and then enter into a short sale with respect to the same or substantially identical property, we generally will recognize gain as if the appreciated financial position were sold at its fair market value on the date we enter into the short sale. The subsequent holding period for any appreciated financial position that is subject to these constructive sale rules will be determined as if such position were acquired on the date of the constructive sale.
Taxation of Securityholders
Taxation of U.S. resident holders of our stock. Dividends and distributions on our shares are generally subject to federal income tax as described herein, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when our NAV reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed. Such realized gains may be required to be distributed even when our NAV also reflects unrealized losses. Certain dividends and distributions declared by us in October, November or December to shareholders of record of such month of a calendar year and paid by us in January of the following calendar year will be treated by shareholders as if received on December 31 of the calendar year in which they were declared. In addition, certain other distributions made after the close of our tax year may be “spilled back” and treated as paid by us (except for purposes of the nondeductible 4% federal excise tax) during such tax year. In such case, shareholders will be treated as having received such dividends in the tax year in which the distributions were actually made.
Shareholders receiving any distribution from us in the form of additional shares pursuant to the DRIP will be treated as receiving a taxable distribution in an amount generally equal to the cash that would have been received if they had elected to receive the distribution in cash, unless we issue new shares that are trading at or above NAV, in which case such shareholders will be treated as receiving a distribution equal to the fair market value of the shares received, determined as of the reinvestment date.
We will inform shareholders of the source and tax status of all distributions promptly after the close of each calendar year.
For federal income tax purposes, distributions paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits will, except in the case of distributions of qualified dividend income and capital gain dividends described below, be taxable as ordinary dividend income. Certain income distributions paid by us (whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of our stock) to individual taxpayers are taxed at rates applicable to net long-term capital gains. This tax treatment applies only if certain holding period requirements and other requirements are satisfied by the shareholder and the dividends are attributable to qualified dividend income received by us, and there can be no assurance as to what portion of our dividend distributions will qualify for favorable treatment. For this purpose, “qualified dividend income” means dividends received from United States corporations and “qualified foreign corporations,” provided that we satisfy certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the stock of such corporations. The maximum individual rate applicable to qualified dividend income is either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Given our investment strategies, it is not anticipated that a significant portion of our dividends will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.
Dividends distributed from our investment company taxable income which have been designated by us and received by certain of our corporate shareholders will qualify for the DRD to the extent of the amount of qualifying dividends received by us from certain domestic corporations for the tax year. A dividend received us will not be treated as a qualifying dividend (i) to the extent the stock on which the dividend is paid is considered to be “debt-financed” (generally, acquired with borrowed funds), (ii) if we fail to meet certain holding period requirements for the stock on which the dividend is paid or (iii) to the extent we are under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the DRD may be disallowed or reduced if an otherwise eligible corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to shares of our stock or by application of the Code. Given our investment strategies, it is not anticipated that a significant portion of our dividends will be eligible for the DRD.
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Capital gain dividends distributed to a shareholder are characterized as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long the shareholder has held our shares. A distribution of an amount in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated by a shareholder as a return of capital which is applied against and reduces the shareholder’s tax basis in our shares. To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds a shareholder’s tax basis in our shares, the excess will be treated by the shareholder as gain from a sale or exchange of the shares. Distributions of gains from the sale or other disposition of our investments that we owned for one year or less are characterized as ordinary income.
We may elect to retain our net capital gains or a portion thereof for investment and be subject to tax at corporate rates on the amount retained. In such case, we may designate the retained amount as undistributed net capital gains in a notice to our shareholders who will be treated as if each received a distribution of the pro rata share of such net capital gain, with the result that each shareholder will: (i) be required to report the pro rata share of such net capital gain on the applicable tax return as long-term capital gains; (ii) receive a refundable tax credit for the pro rata share of tax paid by us on the net capital gain; and (iii) increase the tax basis for the shares of our stock held by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.
The benefits of the reduced tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income may be impacted by the application of the alternative minimum tax to noncorporate shareholders.
Selling shareholders will generally recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares sold. The gain or loss will generally be a capital gain or loss. The current maximum tax rate applicable to net capital gains recognized by individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers is: (i) the same as the maximum ordinary income tax rate for gain recognized on the sale of capital assets held for one year or less; or (ii) generally 15% or 20% (depending on whether the shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts) for gains recognized on the sale of capital assets held for more than one year (as well as certain capital gain dividends).
Any loss realized upon the sale or exchange of shares of our stock with a holding period of six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received (or amounts designated as undistributed capital gains) with respect to such shares. In addition, all or a portion of a loss realized by a shareholder on a sale or other disposition of shares of our stock may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the shareholder acquires other shares of our stock (whether through the reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition of our shares. Any disallowed loss will result in an adjustment to the shareholder’s tax basis in some or all of the other shares of our stock acquired.
Certain commissions or other sales charges paid upon a purchase of our shares cannot be taken into account for purposes of determining gain or loss on a sale of such shares within 90 days after their purchase to the extent a sales charge is reduced or eliminated in a subsequent acquisition of our shares on or before January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the sale is made, pursuant to a reinvestment right. Any disregarded amounts will result in an adjustment to a shareholder’s tax basis in some or all of any other shares of our stock acquired.
If a U.S. holder acquires a note for an amount that is less than its principal amount, the amount of the difference generally will be treated as “market discount” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, unless that difference is less than a specified de minimis amount. Under the market discount rules, a U.S. holder will be required to treat any principal payment on, or any gain on the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of, a note as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount that the U.S. holder has not previously included in income and are treated as having accrued on the Note at the time of the payment or disposition. In addition, a U.S. holder may be required to defer, until the maturity of a note or its earlier sale or other disposition in a taxable transaction, the deduction of all or a portion of the interest expense on any indebtedness attributable to the note. A U.S. holder may elect, on a note-by-note basis, to deduct such deferred interest expense in a tax year prior to the tax year of disposition. If a U.S. holder makes this election, it will only apply to any note with respect to which it is made, and such election is irrevocable without the consent of the IRS. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors before making this election.
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Any market discount on a note will be considered to accrue ratably during the period from the date of acquisition to the maturity date of the note, unless a U.S. holder elects to accrue such market discount on a constant interest method. In addition, a U.S. holder may make a separate election to include market discount in income currently as it accrues, on either a ratable or constant yield method, in which case the rule described above regarding deferral of interest deductions will not apply. If a U.S. holder makes this election, it will apply to all debt instruments acquired with market discount (including, if applicable, a note) that the U.S. holder acquires on or after the first day of the first tax year to which the election applies. A U.S. holder may not revoke this election without the consent of the IRS. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors before making either such election.
If a U.S. holder acquires a note for an amount in excess of its stated principal amount, the U.S. holder will be considered to have purchased the note at a “premium.” A U.S. holder generally may elect to amortize such premium over the remaining term of the note on a constant yield method as an offset to interest when includible in taxable income under the U.S. holder’s regular accounting method. If a U.S. holder makes this election, it will apply to all debt instruments acquired with premium (including, if applicable, a note) that the U.S. holder acquires on or after the first day of the first tax year to which the election applies. A U.S. holder may not revoke this election without the consent of the IRS. If a U.S. holder does not elect to amortize premium on the note, that premium will decrease the gain or increase the loss the U.S. holder would otherwise recognize on disposition of the note.
Under recently issued treasury regulations, certain distributions reported by us as section 163(j) interest dividends may be treated as interest income by shareholders for purposes of the tax rules applicable to interest expense limitations under Code section 163(j). Such treatment by the shareholder is generally subject to holding period requirements and other potential limitations, although the holding period requirements are generally not applicable to dividends declared by money market funds and certain other funds that declare dividends daily and pay such dividends on a monthly or more frequent basis. The amount that we are eligible to report as a section 163(j) dividend for a tax year is generally limited to the excess of our business interest income over our (i) business interest expense and (ii) other deductions properly allocable to our business interest income.
Medicare Tax on Net Investment Income. A 3.8% tax is imposed under Section 1411 of the Code on the “net investment income” of certain U.S. citizens and residents and on the undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts. Among other items, net investment income generally includes payments of interest or dividends on, and net gains recognized from the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of our securities (unless the securities are held in connection with certain trades or businesses), less certain deductions. Prospective investors in our securities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of our securities.
Taxation of non-U.S. holders of our stock. Whether an investment in the shares of our stock is appropriate for a non-U.S. holder will depend upon that person’s particular circumstances. An investment in the shares by a non-U.S. holder may have adverse tax consequences. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors before investing in our stock.
Subject to the discussions below, distributions of our “investment company taxable income” to non-U.S. holders (including interest income and net short-term capital gain) are generally expected to be subject to withholding of U.S. federal taxes at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable treaty) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. If the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder, we will not be required to withhold U.S. federal tax if the non-U.S. holder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements, although the distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Special certification requirements apply to a non-U.S. holder that is a foreign partnership or a foreign trust, and such entities are urged to consult their own tax advisors. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph.
In addition, with respect to certain distributions made by RICs to non-U.S. holders, no withholding is required and the distributions generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax if (i) the distributions are properly designated in a notice timely delivered to our Shareholders as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends,” (ii) the distributions are derived from sources specified in the Code for such dividends and (iii) certain other requirements are satisfied. Nevertheless, it should be noted that in the case of shares of our stock held through an intermediary, the intermediary may have withheld U.S. federal income tax even if we designated the payment as an interest-related dividend or as a short-term capital gain dividend. Moreover, depending on the circumstances, we may designate all, some or none of our potentially eligible dividends as ineligible for this exemption from withholding.
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Actual or deemed distributions of our net long-term capital gains to a non-U.S. holder, and gains realized by a non-U.S. holder upon the sale of our stock, will not be subject to federal withholding tax and generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless, (i) the distributions or gains, as the case may be, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. holder and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States or (ii) in the case of an individual shareholder, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale or the receipt of the distributions or gains and certain other conditions are met.
If we distribute our net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions (which we may do in the future), a non-U.S. holder will be entitled to a U.S. federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the shareholder’s allocable share of the tax we pay on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. In order to obtain the refund, the non-U.S. holder would be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a U.S. federal income tax return even if the non-U.S. holder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a U.S. federal income tax return. For a corporate non-U.S. holder, distributions (both actual and deemed), and gains realized upon the sale of our stock that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate if provided for by an applicable treaty). Accordingly, investment in the shares may not be appropriate for a non-U.S. holder.
A non-U.S. holder who is a non-resident alien individual, and who is otherwise subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax, may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax on distributions unless the non-U.S. holder provides us or the distribution paying agent with an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E, or an acceptable substitute form, or otherwise meets documentary evidence requirements for establishing that it is a non-U.S. holder or otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding.
Non-U.S. holders may also be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their investment in our shares.
Non-U.S. persons should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax, and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in the shares.
Publicly Offered RIC. We will be treated as a “publicly offered regulated investment company” (within the meaning of Section 67 of the Code) if either (i) Shares and our preferred stock (if any) collectively are held by at least 500 persons at all times during a taxable year, (ii) Shares are treated as regularly traded on an established securities market or (iii) Shares are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering (within the meaning of Section 4 of the Securities Act). We cannot assure you that we will be treated as a publicly offered regulated investment company for all taxable years. If we are not treated as a publicly offered regulated investment company for any calendar year, for purposes of computing the taxable income of U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates, (i) our earnings will be computed without taking into account such U.S. shareholders’ allocable shares of the management and incentive fees paid to our Advisor and certain of our other expenses, (ii) each such U.S. shareholder will be treated as having received or accrued a dividend from us in the amount of such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses for the calendar year, (iii) each such U.S. shareholder will be treated as having paid or incurred such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses for the calendar year, and (iv) each such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses will be treated as miscellaneous itemized deductions by such U.S. shareholder. For taxable years beginning before 2026, miscellaneous itemized deductions generally are not deductible by a U.S. shareholder that is an individual, trust or estate. For taxable years beginning in 2026 or later, miscellaneous itemized deductions generally are deductible by a U.S. shareholder that is an individual, trust or estate only to the extent that the aggregate of such U.S. shareholder’s miscellaneous itemized deductions exceeds 2% of such U.S. shareholder’s adjusted gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are not deductible for purposes of the alternative minimum tax and are subject to the overall limitation on itemized deductions under Section 68 of the Code.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under applicable Treasury Regulations, if a U.S. holder recognizes a loss with respect to our securities of $2 million or more for a non-corporate U.S. holder or $10 million or more for a corporate U.S. holder in any single tax year (or a greater loss over a combination of tax years), the U.S. holder may be required to file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct U.S. holders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but, under current guidance, U.S. holders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to U.S. holders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Significant monetary penalties apply to a failure to comply with this reporting requirement. States may also have a similar reporting requirement. U.S. holders of our securities should consult their own tax advisors to determine the applicability of these Treasury Regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. A U.S. holder (other than an “exempt recipient,” including a C corporation and certain other persons who, when required, demonstrate their exempt status) may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% on, and will be subject to information reporting requirements with respect to, payments of principal or interest (including OID, if any) on, and proceeds from the sale, exchange, redemption or retirement of, our securities. In general, if a non-corporate U.S. holder subject to information reporting fails to furnish a correct taxpayer identification number or otherwise fails to comply with applicable backup withholding requirements, backup withholding at the applicable rate may apply.
If you are a non-U.S. holder, generally, the applicable withholding agent is generally required to report to the IRS and to you payments of interest, including OID (if any), on our securities and the amount of tax, if any, withheld with respect to those payments. Copies of the information returns reporting such interest payments and any withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which you reside under the provisions of a treaty or agreement. In general, backup withholding will not apply to payments of interest on your securities if you have provided to the applicable withholding agent the required certification that you are not a U.S. person and the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a U.S. person. Information reporting and, depending on the circumstances, backup withholding will apply to payment to you of the proceeds of a sale or other disposition (including a retirement or redemption) of your securities within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries, unless you certify under penalties of perjury that you are not a U.S. person or you otherwise establish an exemption, and the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a U.S. person.
You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the application of information reporting and backup withholding in your particular circumstance and the availability of and procedure for obtaining an exemption from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax, and any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
FATCA Withholding on Payments to Certain Foreign Entities. FATCA generally imposes a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends made with respect to shares of our stock to certain non-U.S. entities (including, in some circumstances, where such an entity is acting as an intermediary) that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with certain certification and information reporting requirements. FATCA withholding taxes apply to all withholdable payments without regard to whether the beneficial owner of the payment would otherwise be entitled to an exemption from withholding taxes pursuant to an applicable tax treaty with the United States or under U.S. domestic law. If FATCA withholding taxes are imposed with respect to any payments of interest or proceeds made under our debt securities, holders that are otherwise eligible for an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding taxes with respect to such interest or proceeds will be required to seek a credit or refund from the IRS in order to obtain the benefit of such exemption or reduction, if any. Securityholders may be requested to provide additional information to enable the applicable withholding agent to determine whether withholding is required. Prospective holders of in our securities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA rules for them based on their particular circumstances.
Income from Repurchases and Transfers of Shares
A repurchase or transfer of Shares by the Fund generally will be treated as a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, either as a “sale or exchange,” or, under certain circumstances, as a “dividend.” In general, the transaction should be treated as a sale or exchange of the Shares if the receipt of cash results in a meaningful reduction in the shareholder’s proportionate interest in the Fund or results in a “complete redemption” of the shareholder’s Shares, in each case applying certain constructive ownership rules in the Code. Alternatively, if a shareholder does not tender all of his or her Shares, such repurchase may not be treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the gross amount of such repurchase may constitute a dividend to the shareholder to the extent of such shareholder’s pro rata share of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.
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If the repurchase or transfer of a shareholder’s Shares qualifies for sale or exchange treatment, the shareholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount received in exchange for the repurchased or transferred Shares and the adjusted tax basis of those Shares. Such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the repurchased or transferred Shares were held by the shareholder as capital assets, and generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the repurchased or transferred Shares were held by the shareholder for more than one year, or as short-term capital gain or loss if the repurchased or transferred Shares were held by the shareholder for one year or less.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any capital loss realized by a shareholder will be disallowed to the extent the Shares repurchased or transferred by the Fund are replaced (including through reinvestment of dividends) either with Shares or substantially identical securities within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the repurchase or transfer of the Shares. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the Shares acquired. The deductibility of capital losses may be subject to statutory limitations.
If the repurchase or transfer of a shareholder’s Shares does not qualify for sale or exchange treatment, the shareholder may be treated as having received, in whole or in part, a taxable dividend, a tax-free return of capital or taxable capital gain, depending on (i) whether the Fund has sufficient earnings and profits to support a dividend and (ii) the shareholder’s tax basis in the relevant Shares. The tax basis in the Shares repurchased or transferred by the Fund, to the extent remaining after any dividend and return of capital distribution with respect to those Shares, will be transferred to any remaining Shares held by the shareholder.
The Fund generally will be required to report to the IRS and each shareholder the cost basis and holding period for each respective shareholder’s Shares repurchased or transferred by the Fund. The Fund has elected the average cost method as the default cost basis method for purposes of this requirement. If a shareholder wishes to accept the average cost method as its default cost basis calculation method in respect of Shares in its account, the shareholder does not need to take any additional action. If, however, a shareholder wishes to affirmatively elect an alternative cost basis calculation method in respect of its Shares, the shareholder must contact the Fund’s administrator to obtain and complete a cost basis election form. The cost basis method applicable to a particular stock repurchase or transfer may not be changed after the valuation date established by the Fund in respect of that repurchase or transfer. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding their cost basis reporting options and to obtain more information about how the cost basis reporting rules apply to them.
A sale of Shares, other than in the context of a repurchase or transfer of Shares by the Fund, generally will have the same tax consequences as described above in respect of a stock repurchase that qualifies for “sale or exchange” treatment.
If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to Shares in excess of certain prescribed thresholds (generally, $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder that is not an S corporation), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on an IRS Form 8886. Direct investors of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but, under current guidance, equity owners of RICs are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable as just described does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of this reporting requirement in light of their particular circumstances.
The preceding discussion of material U.S. federal income tax considerations is for general information only and is not tax advice. We urge you to consult your own tax advisor with respect to the particular tax consequences to you of an investment in our securities, including the possible effect of any pending legislation or proposed regulations.
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Employee benefit plans and other plans subject to ERISA or the Code, including corporate savings and 401(k) plans, IRAs and Keogh Plans (each, an “ERISA Plan”) may purchase Shares. ERISA imposes certain general and specific responsibilities on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an ERISA Plan, including prudence, diversification, prohibited transactions and other standards. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” of any ERISA Plan investing in the Fund for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules under Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. Thus, neither the Fund nor the Adviser will be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code with respect to the assets of any ERISA Plan that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the ERISA Plan’s investment in the Fund.
The provisions of ERISA are subject to extensive and continuing administrative and judicial interpretation and review. The discussion of ERISA contained herein is, of necessity, general and may be affected by future publication of regulations and rulings. Potential investors should consult their legal advisers regarding the consequences under ERISA of an investment in the Fund through an ERISA Plan.
General
Fund Shares can be sold directly by the Fund to (i) investors that do not transact through a broker-dealer pursuant to Rule 3a4-1 under the Exchange Act (“Direct Sales”) or (ii) through WealthForge Securities, LLC (the “Dealer Manager”), pursuant to the terms of a dealer manager agreement (the “Dealer Manager Agreement”). Direct Sales will be made at a price that is greater than or equal to net asset value and such sales are privately negotiated with each direct investor.
The Dealer Manager acts as a distributor of the Fund’s Shares on a best-efforts basis, subject to various conditions. Shares are offered for sale through the Dealer Manager at NAV plus any applicable sales load. The Dealer Manager and the Fund also may enter into agreements with Selling Agents for the sale and servicing of the Fund’s Shares. In reliance on Rule 415 of the Securities Act, the Fund intends to offer up to 94,000,000 Shares. The Dealer Manager is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of the Fund’s Shares but will use its best efforts to solicit orders for the purchase of the Shares. Shares of the Fund will not be listed on any national securities exchange, and the Dealer Manager will not act as a market marker in Fund Shares. Under the Dealer Manager Agreement, WealthForge Securities, LLC also provides certain marketing and wholesale services in consideration of its receipt of a dealer manager fee. Pursuant to the terms of the Dealer Manager Agreement, WealthForge Securities, LLC will seek to market and otherwise promote the Fund through various wholesale distribution channels.
The Fund, the Adviser or its affiliates may pay additional compensation to Selling Agents in connection with the sale of Fund Shares. In return for the additional compensation, the Fund may receive certain marketing benefits or services including access to a Selling Agents’ registered representatives, placement on a list of investment options offered by a Selling Agent, or the ability to assist in training and educating the Selling Agents. The additional compensation may differ among Selling Agents in amount or in the manner of calculation: payments of additional compensation may be fixed dollar amounts, based on the aggregate value of outstanding Shares held by Shareholders introduced by the Selling Agent, or determined in some other manner. The receipt of additional compensation by a Selling Agent may create potential conflicts of interest between an investor and its Selling Agent who is recommending the Fund over other potential investments.
The Fund has agreed to indemnify the Dealer Manager against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the Dealer Manager may be required to make because of any of those liabilities. Such agreement does not include indemnification of the Dealer Manager against liability resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Dealer Manager in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by the Dealer Manager of its obligations and duties under the Dealer Manager Agreement.
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Purchase Terms
The Fund currently offers one class of Shares.
Except as otherwise altered by the Board, the Fund intends to accept initial and additional purchases of Shares as of the first day of each calendar month (the “Acceptance Date”).
Except as otherwise permitted by the Board, initial and subsequent purchases of Shares will be payable in cash. Each initial or subsequent purchase of Shares will be payable in one installment which will generally be due (i) three business days prior to the Acceptance Date, where funds are remitted by wire transfer, or (ii) four business days prior to the Acceptance Date, where funds are remitted by check. A prospective investor must also submit a completed Investor Application (including investor certifications) at least four business days before the Acceptance Date. The Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to accept or reject any subscription to purchase Shares in the Fund at any time. Although the Fund may, in its sole discretion, elect to accept a subscription prior to receipt of cleared funds, an investor will not become a Shareholder until cleared funds have been received. In the event that cleared funds and/or a properly completed Investor Application (including investor certifications) are not received from a prospective investor prior to the cut-off dates pertaining to a particular offering, the Fund may hold the relevant funds and Investor Application for processing in the next Acceptance Date.
Pending any closing, funds received from prospective investors will be placed in an account with the escrow agent. On the date of any closing, the balance in the account with respect to each investor whose investment is accepted will be invested in the Fund on behalf of such investor.
Subscriptions will be accepted or rejected within 45 days of receipt by us and, if rejected, all funds shall be promptly returned to subscribers within such timeframe without deduction for any expenses. Shares issued pursuant to our DRIP typically will be issued on the same date that we hold our first closing of each month for the sale of shares in this offering.
Despite having to meet the funding deadline described above, the Fund does not issue the Shares purchased (and an investor does not become a Shareholder with respect to such Shares) until the applicable purchase date, i.e., the first day of the relevant calendar month. Consequently, purchase proceeds do not represent capital of the Fund, and do not become assets of the Fund, until such date.
Any funds received in advance of the initial or subsequent purchases of Shares are placed in an account with the escrow agent (which may or may not bear interest) prior to their investment in the Fund, in accordance with Rule 15c2-4 under the 1934 Act. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase of Shares for any reason (including, without limitation, when it has reason to believe that a purchase of Shares would be unlawful). Unless otherwise required by applicable law, any amount received in advance of a purchase ultimately rejected by the Fund will be returned to the prospective investor.
The Fund has the sole right to determine and change the number and timing of closings, including the ability to change the number and timing of closings after communicating the anticipated closing timing to Selling Agents.
Sales Loads
Investors purchasing Shares may pay a sales load of up to 6.0% of the investment amount. The 6.0% sales load is comprised of up to 4.0% selling commission and up to 2.0% dealer manager fee.
In the case of fee-based or “wrap” accounts, the selling commission is waived and the total sales load equals the dealer manager fee of 2.0%. For such fee-based or “wrap” accounts, the waived selling commission will be delivered to the investor in the form of a reduction in purchase price. As a result, the Fund’s net proceeds are not affected by the sales load from sales made by the Dealer Manager to fee-based or “wrap” accounts.
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The sales load may be increased or decreased in 0.50% increments within the sales load range and resulting public offering price outlined on the table below. The sales load payable by each investor will be established and specified in the selling agreement that is executed by a Selling Agent, the Dealer Manager and the Fund. Any change in the sales load will be delivered to the investor in the form of a change in gross purchase price. As a result, the Fund’s net proceeds are not affected by the sales load from sales made by the Selling Agents.
Sales Load | Public
Offering Price (based on the NAV per share of the Fund as of the date of purchase) |
6.0% | $10.64 |
5.5% | $10.58 |
5.0% | $10.53 |
4.5% | $10.47 |
4.0% | $10.42 |
3.5% | $10.36 |
3.0% | $10.31 |
2.5% | $10.26 |
2.0% | $10.20 |
1.5% | $10.15 |
1.0% | $10.10 |
0.5% | $10.05 |
0.0% | $10.00 (Net Asset Value) |
The Fund also offers volume discounts to individual investors whose discrete purchases exceed certain thresholds. For every $500,000 of individual investor purchase volume, the total sales load will decrease by 0.5% until reaching a minimum sales load of 2.0%.
The sales load is calculated based on the gross purchase order amount and the sales load is subtracted from the gross purchase amount.
The Fund will limit underwriting compensation, which includes payments of upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees and compensation collected from any other sources, including the reimbursement of training and education expenses, in order to comply with FINRA Rule 5110.
The sales load is comprised of a selling commission and a dealer manager fee. The sales load, in its entirety, will be paid to the Dealer Manager. The Dealer Manager may reallow a portion or all of the sales load to participating broker-dealers and/or financial advisors for selling Fund Shares to their customers.
In exchange for a reallowance, the participating broker agrees to comply with one or more of the following conditions:
· | To have and use internal marketing support personnel (such as telemarketers or a marketing director) to assist the Dealer Manager’s marketing team; |
· | To have and use marketing communications vehicles such as newsletters, conference calls, webinars and mail to promote our company and this offering; |
· | To answer investors’ inquiries concerning investor statements, valuations, distribution rates, tax information, semi-annual reports, reinvestment and Share repurchase rights and procedures, and the Fund’s financial status; |
· | To assist investors with reinvestments and Share repurchases; or |
· | To facilitate training and education of the broker dealer’s registered representatives or financial advisors. |
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The Dealer Manager conducts marketing activities to offer Fund Shares for sale. The sales load may be used to pay for such marketing expenses. The Fund may also reimburse the Dealer Manager or pay for such marketing expenses directly. Marketing expenses include, but are not limited to:
· | Hosting or attending training/education seminars or meetings; |
· | Hosting or attending conferences with Selling Agents; |
· | Promotional items that do not exceed an aggregate value of $100 per annum per registered representative; |
· | Wholesaling expenses, including compensation of sales team, wholesaling activities and reimbursement to the Dealer Manager for wholesaling expenses; and |
· | Travel and entertainment related to offering Fund Shares. |
We will also reimburse the Dealer Manager for reasonable out-of-pocket due diligence expenses that are incurred by the Dealer Manager and/or participating broker-dealers, provided that such expenses are detailed on itemized invoices. Any such reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by the Adviser and its affiliates.
We may also reimburse certain offering expenses, which consist of costs incurred by the Adviser and its affiliates on our behalf for legal, accounting, printing and other offering expenses, including costs associated with technology integration between our systems and those of our participating broker-dealers, permissible due diligence reimbursements, marketing expenses, salaries and direct expenses of the Adviser’s employees, employees of its affiliates and others while engaged in registering and marketing our shares, which will include development of marketing materials and marketing presentations and training and educational meetings and generally coordinating the marketing process for us. The marketing activities carried out by the Adviser and the related expenses that may be reimbursed by the Fund could be similar to or the same as the types of marketing activities conducted by the Dealer Manager and the expenses related thereto.
The Dealer Manager and/or a Selling Agent may, at its discretion, waive all or a portion of the sales load for the purchase of Shares of the Fund by or on behalf of: (i) the Adviser or its affiliates; (ii) purchasers for whom the Dealer Manager, the Adviser or one of their affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial, or similar capacity; (iii) employees and retired employees (including spouses, children, and parents of employees and retired employees) of the Dealer Manager, the Adviser and any affiliates of the Dealer Manager or the Adviser; (iv) Trustees and retired Trustees of the Fund (including spouses, children and parents of Trustees and retired Trustees); (v) purchasers who use proceeds from an account for which the Dealer Manager, the Adviser or one of their affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial, or similar capacity, to purchase Shares of the Fund; (vi) Selling Agents and their employees (and the immediate family members of such individuals); (vii) investment advisers or financial planners that have entered into an agreement with the Dealer Manager that charge a fee for their services and that purchase Shares of the Fund for (1) their own accounts or (2) the accounts of eligible clients; (viii) clients of such investment advisers or financial planners described in (vii) above who place trades for the clients’ own accounts if such accounts are linked to the master account of the investment adviser or financial planner on the books and records of a Selling Agent; (ix) orders placed on behalf of other investment companies that the Dealer Manager, the Adviser or an affiliated company distributes; (x) orders placed on behalf of purchasers who have previously invested in the Fund or other funds advised or distributed by the Adviser, Dealer Manager and any affiliates of the Adviser or Dealer Manager; or (xi) any other eligible client of Dealer Manager, Adviser, a Selling Agent, or any affiliates of Dealer Manager, Adviser or a Selling Agent, whose financial representative has negotiated a reduction or waiver of the sales load. To receive a sales load reduction or waiver in conjunction with any of the above categories, an investor must, at the time of purchase, give the Dealer Manager sufficient information to permit the Dealer Manager to confirm that the investor qualifies for such a waiver. Notwithstanding any waiver, investors remain subject to eligibility requirements set forth in this Prospectus.
Investment Minimums
The minimum initial investment in the Fund from each investor is $2,500, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund is $500. The minimum initial and additional investments may be reduced by the Fund. The Fund may repurchase all of the Shares held by a Shareholder if the Shareholder’s account balance in the Fund, as a result of repurchase requests by the Shareholder, is less than $2,500. Investors may purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or Selling Agent that may establish different minimum investment requirements than the Fund and may also independently charge transaction fees and additional amounts (which may vary) in return for its services, which will reduce an investor’s return.
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To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. What this means to you: When you open an account, we will ask your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. If we are unable to verify your identity, we reserve the right to restrict additional transactions and/or liquidate your account at the next calculated net asset value after your account is closed (less any applicable sales/account charges and/or tax penalties) or take any other action required by law. The Fund has implemented an anti-money laundering compliance program, which includes designation of an anti-money laundering compliance officer.
Payment By Mail
To purchase Shares in this offering, you must complete and sign an Investor Application for a specific dollar amount equal to or greater than the Shares’ investment minimum and pay such amount at the time of subscription. You should make your check payable to Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund and your check and Investor Application should be mailed to:
Via Mail: Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Attn: UMB Fund Services P.O. Box 2175 Milwaukee, WI 53201 Telephone: 866-661-6615 Fax: 816-860-3140 |
Via Express/Overnight Delivery: Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Attn: UMB Fund Services 235 W. Galena St. Milwaukee, WI 53212 Telephone: 866-661-6615 Fax: 816-860-3140 |
Purchases will be effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any purchase in whole or in part. Pending acceptance of your purchase, proceeds will be deposited into an account for your benefit.
An approved trustee must process and forward to us purchases made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of investments through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, we will send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to the trustee.
Payment By Wire
To make an initial investment in the Fund, the transfer agent must receive a completed Investor Application from a Selling Agent or directly from the investor. Upon receipt of the completed account application, the transfer agent will establish an account. An investor’s bank must include both the name of the Fund and the investor’s name so that monies can be correctly applied. Detailed wire instructions will be included on the Investor Application. The Fund will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the Fund’s designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds. The bank should transmit funds by wire to:
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
Attn: UMB Bank N.A.
928 Grand Boulevard
Kansas City, MO 64106
ABA: 101000695
Account Number: 9872585429
Account Name: Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
FBO: (Insert Investor Name)
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Transfer on Death Designation
Subject to any applicable state or local laws, you have the option of placing a transfer on death, or “TOD,” designation on your Shares. A TOD designation transfers ownership of your Shares to your designated beneficiary upon your death. This designation may only be made by individuals, not entities, who are the sole or joint owners with right of survivorship of the Shares. However, this option may not be available to residents of the state of Louisiana. If you would like to place a TOD designation on your Shares you must complete a transfer on death form, which is available upon request to us, and send the transfer on death form back to us in order to effect the designation.
Supplemental Sales Material
In addition to this prospectus, we intend to use supplemental sales material in connection with the offering of our Shares, although only when accompanied by or preceded by the delivery of this prospectus, as supplemented. We will file all supplemental sales material with the SEC or FINRA prior to distributing such material. The supplemental sales material will not contain all of the information material to an investment decision and should only be reviewed after reading this prospectus.
We are offering Shares only by means of this prospectus, as the same may be supplemented and amended from time to time. The supplemental materials do not purport to be complete and should not be considered a part of or as incorporated by reference in this prospectus, or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
INVESTOR RELATIONS SERVICES
In exchange for providing investor relations services to shareholders, the Fund may retain an investor relations provider and pay for investor relations services as such services are provided. Investor relations services are non-investment advisory services and may include assisting with investor calls, investor account maintenance, operational matters pertaining to shareholder account transactions and communications with shareholders.
We intend to make regular monthly ordinary income distributions of all or a portion of our “investment company taxable income” (which generally consists of ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, and excluding any deduction for distributions paid to Shareholders) to Shareholders. We also intend to make at least annual distributions of all or a portion of our “net capital gains” (which is the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses). At times, in order to maintain a stable level of distributions, we may distribute less than all of our net investment income, distribute accumulated undistributed income or make a distribution comprised in full or in part of a return of capital in addition to current net investment income.
In addition to the regular monthly distributions, and subject to available taxable earnings of the Fund, the Fund may make periodic special distributions. A special distribution represents the excess of the Fund’s net taxable income over the Fund’s aggregate monthly distributions paid during the year.
If a record date for a particular distribution occurs before an investor’s date of settlement, such investor who purchases shares in this offering will not be entitled to receive such distribution.
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
Subject to our Board of Trustees’ discretion and applicable legal restrictions, we intend to authorize and declare ordinary cash distributions on a quarterly basis and pay such distributions on a monthly basis. We have adopted an “opt in” distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) pursuant to which shareholders may elect to have the full amount of your cash distributions reinvested in additional Shares. Shares will be issued pursuant to the DRIP at their net asset value. There is no sales load or other charge for distributions reinvestment. Participants in our DRIP are free to elect or revoke reinstatement in the DRIP within a reasonable time as specified in the plan. If shareholders elect to participate in the DRIP, distributions on Shares are automatically reinvested in additional Shares by UMB Fund Services, Inc., or the “DRIP Agent.” Holders of our Shares who receive distributions in the form of additional Shares are nonetheless required to pay applicable federal, state or local taxes on the reinvested distribution and will not receive a corresponding cash distribution with which to pay any applicable tax. Reinvested distributions increase our Shareholders’ equity on which a management fee is payable to the Adviser.
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Shares will be issued pursuant to the DRIP at their net asset value. There is no sales load or other charge for distributions reinvestment. A request must be received by the Fund before the record date to be effective for that dividend or capital gain distribution.
We and the DRIP Agent reserve the right to amend or terminate the DRIP upon written notice to each participant at least 30 days before the record date for the payment of any dividend or distribution by us.
All correspondence or additional information about the DRIP should be directed to UMB Fund Services, Inc., (866) 661-6615 or by mail: 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212.
We may, but are not obligated to, pursue a liquidity event for our Shareholders. A liquidity event could include, among other things, (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a complete portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a listing of our Shares on a national securities exchange or (3) a merger or another transaction approved by our Board of Trustees in which our Shareholders will receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company. We refer to the aforementioned scenarios as “liquidity events.” The completion of a liquidity event is in the sole discretion of our Board of Trustees, and depending upon the event, may require Shareholder approval, and there can be no assurance that a suitable transaction will be available or that market conditions will permit a liquidity event. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will complete a liquidity event. In making a determination of what type of liquidity event is in the best interest of our Shareholders, our Board of Trustees, including our Independent Trustees, may consider a variety of criteria, including, but not limited to, portfolio diversification, portfolio performance, our financial condition, potential access to capital as a listed company, market conditions for the sale of our assets or listing of our securities, internal management considerations and the potential for Shareholder liquidity.
Prior to the completion of a liquidity event, our share repurchase program may provide a limited opportunity for you to have your shares repurchased, subject to certain restrictions and limitations, at a price which may be below the purchase price you paid for the shares being repurchased. See “Repurchases of Shares” for a detailed description of our share repurchase program.
REGULATION AS A CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY
General
As a registered closed-end management investment company, we are subject to regulation under the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, unless authorized by vote of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, we may not:
· | change our classification to an open-end management investment company; |
· | alter any of our fundamental policies, which are set forth below in “— Investment Restrictions”; or |
· | change the nature of our business so as to cease to be an investment company. |
A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of such company’s voting securities present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company.
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As with other companies regulated by the 1940 Act, a registered closed-end management investment company must adhere to certain substantive regulatory requirements. A majority of our trustees must be persons who are not “interested persons” of us, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. We are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect the closed-end management investment company. Furthermore, as a registered closed-end management investment company, we are prohibited from protecting any trustee or officer against any liability to us or our Shareholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office. We may also be prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with our affiliates absent exemptive relief or other prior approval by the SEC.
Investment Restrictions
Our investment objectives and our investment policies and strategies described in this prospectus, except for the eight investment restrictions designated as fundamental policies, are not fundamental and may be changed by the board of trustees without shareholder approval. The Fund’s SAI contains a list of all of the fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies of the Fund, under the heading “Investment Objective and Policies.”
Whenever an investment policy or investment restriction set forth in this prospectus or the SAI states a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in any security or other asset or describes a policy regarding quality standards, such percentage limitation or standard shall be determined immediately after and as a result of our acquisition of such security or asset. Accordingly, any later increase or decrease resulting from a change in values, assets or other circumstances or any subsequent rating change made by a rating agency (or as determined by the Adviser if the security is not rated by a rating agency) will not compel us to dispose of such security or other asset. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we must always be in compliance with the borrowing policies set forth above or in the SAI.
Privacy Policy
We are committed to protecting your privacy. This privacy notice explains our privacy policies and those of our affiliated companies. The terms of this notice apply to both current and former Shareholders. We will safeguard, according to strict standards of security and confidentiality, all information we receive about you. With regard to this information, we maintain procedural safeguards that are reasonably designed to comply with federal standards. We have implemented procedures that are designed to restrict access to your personal information to authorized employees of the Adviser, the Administrator and their affiliates who need to know your personal information to perform their jobs, and in connection with servicing your account. Our goal is to limit the collection and use of information about you. While we may share your personal information with our affiliates in connection with servicing your account, our affiliates are not permitted to share your information with non-affiliated entities, except as permitted or required by law.
When you purchase Shares and in the course of providing you with products and services, we and certain of our service providers, such as a transfer agent, may collect personal information about you, such as your name, address, social security number or tax identification number. This information may come from sources such as account applications and other forms, from other written, electronic or verbal correspondence, from your transactions, from your brokerage or financial advisory firm, financial adviser or consultant, and/or information captured on applicable websites.
We do not disclose any personal information provided by you or gathered by us to non-affiliated third parties, except as permitted or required by law or for our everyday business purposes, such as to process transactions or service your account. For example, we may share your personal information in order to send you annual and semiannual reports, proxy statements and other information required by law, and to send you information we believe may be of interest to you. We may disclose your personal information to unaffiliated third-party financial service providers (which may include a custodian, transfer agent, accountant or financial printer) who need to know that information in order to provide services to you or to us. These companies are required to protect your information and use it solely for the purpose for which they received it or as otherwise permitted by law. We may also provide your personal information to your brokerage or financial advisory firm and/or to your financial adviser or consultant, as well as to professional advisors, such as accountants, lawyers and consultants.
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We reserve the right to disclose or report personal or account information to non-affiliated third parties in limited circumstances where we believe in good faith that disclosure is required by law, such as in accordance with a court order or at the request of government regulators or law enforcement authorities or to protect our rights or property. We may also disclose your personal information to a non-affiliated third party at your request or if you consent in writing to the disclosure.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
Each share of stock represents a proportional interest in the assets of the Fund. Each share of has one vote at shareholder meetings, with fractional shares of stock voting proportionally, on matters submitted to the vote of Shareholders. There are no cumulative voting rights. Fund Shares do not have pre-emptive or conversion or redemption provisions.
Inquiries concerning the Fund and shares of stock (including information concerning subscription and repurchase procedures) should be directed to:
Eagle
Point Institutional Income Fund
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
Attention: Investor Relations
Telephone: (866) 661-6615
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The information in this preliminary Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. The Fund may not sell these securities until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
Preliminary Statement of Additional Information Dated March 2, 2022
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
Shares of Beneficial Interest
[ ], 2022
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
600 Steamboat Road
Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
(844) 810-6501
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. This SAI relates to and should be read in conjunction with the prospectus of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the “Fund”) dated [ ], 2022. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained by contacting the Fund at the telephone number or address set forth above.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The Fund is a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund offers shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”).
Eagle Point Credit Management LLC serves as the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”). The investment objectives and principal investment strategies of the Fund, as well as the principal risks associated with the Fund’s investment strategies, are set forth in the prospectus dated [ ], 2022. Certain additional investment information is set forth below.
Fundamental Policies
The Fund’s stated fundamental policies, which may only be changed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, are listed below. As defined by the 1940 Act, the vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund” means the vote, at an annual or special meeting of the shareholders of the Fund (“Shareholders”) duly called, (a) of 66-2/3% or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (b) of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, whichever is less. The Fund may not:
(1) | borrow money, except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction; |
(2) | engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities; |
(3) | purchase or sell physical commodities or contracts for the purchase or sale of physical commodities. Physical commodities do not include futures contracts with respect to securities, securities indices, currency or other financial instruments; |
(4) | purchase or sell real estate, which term does not include securities of companies which deal in real estate or mortgages or investments secured by real estate or interests therein, except that the Fund reserves freedom of action to hold and to sell real estate acquired as a result of the Fund’s ownership of securities; |
(5) | make loans, except to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction. For purposes of this investment restriction, the purchase of debt obligations (including acquisitions of loans, loan participations or other forms of debt instruments) shall not constitute loans by the Fund; |
(6) | issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, the SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction; |
(7) | invest in any security if as a result of such investment, 25% or more of the value of the Fund’s total assets, taken at market value at the time of each investment, are in the securities of issuers in any particular industry except (a) securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities or tax-exempt securities of state and municipal governments or their political subdivisions (however, not including private purpose industrial development bonds issued on behalf of non-government issuers), or (b) as otherwise provided by the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, and as modified or supplemented from time to time by (i) the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, and (ii) any exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time. For purposes of this restriction, in the case of investments in loan participations between the Fund and a bank or other lending institution participating out the loan, the Fund will treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as “issuers.” For purposes of this restriction, an investment in a collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”), collateralized bond obligation, collateralized debt obligation or a swap or other derivative will be considered to be an investment in the industry (if any) of the underlying or reference security, instrument or asset; or |
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(8) | engage in short sales, purchases on margin, or the writing of put or call options, except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction. |
The latter part of certain of our fundamental investment restrictions (i.e., the references to “except to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, the SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction”) provides us with flexibility to change our limitations in connection with changes in applicable law, rules, regulations or exemptive relief. The language used in these restrictions provides the necessary flexibility to allow our Board of Trustees to respond efficiently to these kinds of developments without the delay and expense of a Shareholder meeting.
Whenever an investment policy or investment restriction set forth in the prospectus or this SAI states a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in any security or other asset or describes a policy regarding quality standards, such percentage limitation or standard shall be determined immediately after and as a result of our acquisition of such security or asset. Accordingly, any later increase or decrease resulting from a change in values, assets or other circumstances will not compel us to dispose of such security or other asset.
Repurchase Offers
The Adviser intends to recommend to the Board (subject to the Board’s discretion) that the Fund offer to repurchase Shares from Shareholders in each quarter in an amount up to 5% of the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund may extend multiple offers to repurchase Shares in a quarter in an aggregate amount of 5% of the Fund’s net asset value. In determining whether the Fund should repurchase Shares from Shareholders pursuant to written tenders, the Fund’s Board will consider the recommendation of the Adviser. There is no minimum number of Shares which must be repurchased in any repurchase offer. The Fund has no obligation to repurchase Shares at any time; any such repurchases will only be made at such times, in such amounts and on such terms as may be determined by the Board, in its sole discretion. The Board also will consider various factors, including, but not limited to, those listed in the prospectus, in making its determinations.
The Fund’s Board will cause the Fund to make offers to repurchase Shares from Shareholders pursuant to written tenders only on terms it determines to be fair to the Fund and to all Shareholders of the Fund. When the Fund’s Board determines that the Fund will repurchase Shares, notice will be provided to each Shareholder of the Fund describing the terms thereof, and containing information Shareholders should consider in deciding whether and how to participate in such repurchase opportunity. Shareholders who are deciding whether to tender their Shares during the period that a repurchase offer is open may ascertain an estimated net asset value of their Shares from Eagle Point Administration LLC, the administrator for the Fund, during such period. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder, extend the repurchase offer, or take any other action with respect to the repurchase offer permitted by applicable law. The Fund also has the right to repurchase all of a shareholder’s Shares at any time if the aggregate value of such shareholder’s Shares is, at the time of such compulsory repurchase, less than the minimum initial investment applicable for the Fund. The Fund may also repurchase all of a shareholder’s Shares if the shareholder’s estate submits a tender request and proof of shareholder’s death or disability before prorating other amounts tendered. In addition, the Fund has the right to repurchase Shares of shareholders if the Fund determines that the repurchase is in the best interest of the Fund or upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
B-2
Payment for repurchased Shares may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio holdings earlier than the Adviser would otherwise liquidate these holdings, potentially resulting in losses, and may increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover. The Adviser intends to take measures (subject to such policies as may be established by the Fund’s Board) to attempt to avoid or minimize potential losses and turnover resulting from the repurchase of Shares.
Mandatory Repurchases and Redemptions
As noted in the prospectus, the Fund has the right to repurchase and/or redeem Shares of a Shareholder or any person acquiring Shares from or through a Shareholder under certain circumstances, in accordance with the terms of its Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act, including Rule 23c-2 under the 1940 Act. Such repurchases and/or redemptions may be made if:
* | ownership of Shares by a Shareholder or other person will cause the Fund to be in violation of, or subject the Fund to additional registration or regulation under, the securities, commodities or other laws of the U.S. or any other relevant jurisdiction; |
* | continued ownership of such Shares may be harmful or injurious to the business or reputation of the Fund or the Adviser, or may subject the Fund or any Shareholder to an undue risk of adverse tax or other fiscal consequences; |
* | any of the representations and warranties made by a Shareholder in connection with the acquisition of Shares was not true when made or has ceased to be true; |
* | beneficial owner’s estate submits tender request and satisfactory proof of owner’s death; |
* | disabled beneficial owner’s legal representative submits tender request and satisfactory proof of qualified disability; or |
* | it would be in the best interests of the Fund. |
Our Board of Trustees is responsible for the overall management and supervision of our business and affairs, including the appointment of advisers and sub-advisers. Our Trustees may appoint officers who assist in managing our day-to-day affairs.
The Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees currently consists of six members, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of us. We refer to these Trustees as our “Independent Trustees.”
Duties of Trustees; Meetings and Committees. Under our Declaration of Trust, our Board of Trustees is responsible for managing our affairs, including the appointment of investment advisers. The Board of Trustees appoints officers who assist in managing our day-to-day affairs.
The Board of Trustees has appointed Thomas P. Majewski as Chair. The Chair presides at meetings of the Board of Trustees and may call meetings of the board and any committee whenever he deems necessary. The Chair participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board of Trustees and the identification of information to be presented to the Board of Trustees with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Trustees. The Chair also acts as a liaison with our management, officers and attorneys and the other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chair may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board of Trustees from time to time. Except for any duties specified in this prospectus or pursuant to our Declaration of Trust or bylaws, or as assigned by the Board of Trustees, the designation of a Trustee as Chair does not impose on that Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on any other Trustee, generally.
B-3
Jeffrey L. Weiss serves as Lead Independent Trustee. The Lead Independent Trustee generally acts as a liaison between the other Independent Trustees and our management, officers and attorneys between meetings of the Board of Trustees. The Lead Independent Trustee may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board of Trustees from time to time. Except for any duties specified in this prospectus or pursuant to our Declaration of Trust or bylaws, or as assigned by the Board of Trustees, the designation of a Trustee as Lead Independent Trustee does not impose on that Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on any other Trustee, generally.
The Board of Trustees believes that this leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board of Trustees to exercise informed judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees or working groups of Trustees and the full Board of Trustees in a manner that enhances effective oversight. The Board of Trustees also believes that having a majority of Independent Trustees is appropriate and in the best interest of our Shareholders. Nevertheless, the Board of Trustees also believes that having interested persons serve on the Board of Trustees brings corporate and financial viewpoints that are, in the Board of Trustees’ view, crucial elements in its decision-making process. In addition, the Board of Trustees believes that Thomas P. Majewski, Managing Partner of the Adviser, provides the Board of Trustees with the Adviser’s perspective in managing and sponsoring us. The leadership structure of the Board of Trustees may be changed, at any time and in the discretion of the Board of Trustees, including in response to changes in circumstances or our characteristics. A Trustee may be removed from office for cause only, and not without cause, by action taken by a majority of the remaining Trustees or by the holders of at least a majority of the Shares then entitled to vote in an election of such Trustee. As set forth in the Declaration of Trust, a Trustee’s term of office shall continue until his or her death, resignation or removal.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Under our Declaration of Trust, our Board of Trustees is responsible for managing our affairs, including the appointment of investment advisers. The Board of Trustees appoints officers who assist in managing our day-to-day affairs.
Audit | | Nominating |
Scott W. Appleby | | Scott W. Appleby, Chair |
Kevin F. McDonald | | Kevin F. McDonald |
Paul E. Tramontano | | Paul E. Tramontano |
Jeffrey L. Weiss, Chair | | Jeffrey L. Weiss |
Audit Committee
All of the members of the audit committee are Independent Trustees, and each member is financially literate with at least one having accounting or financial management expertise. The Board of Trustees has adopted a written charter for the audit committee. The audit committee recommends to the full Board of Trustees the independent registered public accounting firm for us, oversees the work of the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with our audit, communicates with the independent registered public accounting firm on a regular basis and provides a forum for the independent registered public accounting firm to report and discuss any matters it deems appropriate at any time. The audit committee is also responsible for establishing guidelines and making recommendations to our Board of Trustees regarding the valuation of our investments, which are considered when the Board of Trustees determines in accordance with the 1940 Act the value of our investments as described under “Determination of Net Asset Value” in the Fund’s prospectus. Jeffrey L. Weiss serves as Chair of the audit committee. The audit committee also functions as our qualified legal compliance committee and is responsible for the confidential receipt, retention and consideration of any report of evidence of (i) a material violation of applicable federal or state securities law, (ii) a material breach of fiduciary duty arising under federal or state law or (iii) a similar material violation of any federal or state law by us or any of our officers, Trustees, employees or agents that has occurred, is ongoing or is about to occur.
Nominating Committee
The nominating committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The nominating committee periodically reviews the committee structure, conducts an annual self-assessment of the Board of Trustees and makes the final selection and nomination of candidates to serve as Independent Trustees. In addition, the nominating committee makes recommendations regarding the compensation of the Fund’s Independent Trustees for approval by the Board of Trustees as there is no separate compensation committee of the Fund. The Board of Trustees nominates and selects our Interested Trustees and the officers. Scott W. Appleby serves as Chair of the nominating committee.
B-4
In reviewing a potential nominee, the nominating committee will generally apply the following criteria: (i) the nominee’s reputation for integrity, honesty and adherence to high ethical standards; (ii) the nominee’s business acumen, experience and ability to exercise sound judgment; (iii) a commitment to understand the Fund and the responsibilities of a trustee of an investment company; (iv) a commitment to regularly attend and participate in meetings of the board of trustees and its committees; (v) the ability to understand potential conflicts of interest involving management of the Fund and to act in the interests of all Shareholders; and (vi) the absence of a real or apparent conflict of interest that would impair the nominee’s ability to represent the interests of all the Shareholders and to fulfill the responsibilities of an Independent Trustee. The nominating committee does not necessarily place the same emphasis on each criteria and each nominee may not have each of these qualities.
As long as an existing Independent Trustee continues to serve on the Board, in the opinion of the nominating committee, to satisfy these criteria, we anticipate that the nominating committee would favor the re-nomination of an existing Independent Trustee rather than nominate a new candidate. Consequently, while the nominating committee will consider nominees recommended by Shareholders to serve as Independent Trustee, the nominating committee may only act upon such recommendations if there is a vacancy on the Board of Trustees or a committee and it determines that the selection of a new or additional Independent Trustee is in our best interests. In the event that a vacancy arises or a change in membership is determined to be advisable, the nominating committee will, in addition to any Shareholder recommendations, consider candidates identified by other means, including candidates proposed by members of the nominating committee. The nominating committee may retain a consultant to assist it in a search for a qualified candidate. The nominating committee has adopted procedures for the selection of Independent Trustees.
The nominating committee has not adopted a formal policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying trustee nominees. In determining whether to recommend a trustee nominee, the nominating committee considers and discusses diversity, among other factors, with a view toward the needs of the Board as a whole. The nominating committee generally conceptualizes diversity expansively to include, without limitation, concepts such as race, gender, national origin, differences of viewpoint, professional experience, education, skill and other qualities that contribute to the Board, when identifying and recommending trustee nominees. The nominating committee believes that the inclusion of diversity as one of many factors considered in selecting trustee nominees is consistent with the goal of creating a Board of Trustees that best serves the Fund’s needs and the interests of the Shareholders. The nominating committee will consider any factors that it may deem are in the best interests of the Fund and the Shareholders, which may include the individual’s professional experience, education, skills and other individual qualities or attributes.
In filling Board vacancies, the nominating committee will consider nominees properly recommended by the Fund’s shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Fund at its mailing address stated below and should be directed to the attention of the nominating committee.
Shareholders may communicate with the Trustees as a group or individually. Any such communication should be sent to the Board of Trustees or an individual Trustee c/o The Secretary of the Fund at the following address: 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830. The Secretary may determine not to forward any letter to Trustees that does not relate to the business of the Fund.
Risk Oversight. As a registered investment company, we are subject to a variety of risks, including investment risks, financial risks, compliance risks and operational risks. As part of its overall activities, the Board of Trustees oversees the management of our risk management structure by various departments of the Adviser and the administrator, as well as by our chief compliance officer. The responsibility to manage our risk management structure on a day-to-day basis is subsumed within the Adviser’s overall investment management responsibilities. The Adviser has its own, independent interest in risk management.
The Board of Trustees recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect us or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. The Board of Trustees discharges risk oversight as part of its overall activities. In addressing issues regarding our risk management between meetings, appropriate representatives of the Adviser communicate with the Chair of the Board of Trustees, the relevant committee chair or our chief compliance officer, who is directly accountable to the Board of Trustees. As appropriate, the Chair of the Board of Trustees and the committee chairs confer among themselves, with our chief compliance officer, the Adviser, other service providers and external fund counsel to identify and review risk management issues that may be placed on the Board of Trustees’ agenda and/or that of an appropriate committee for review and discussion with management.
B-5
Compliance Policies and Procedures. We have adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and prevent violation of the federal securities laws and are required to review these compliance policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation. The chief compliance officer is responsible for administering the policies and procedures.
Biographical Information about each Trustee.
Information about our Trustees is as follows:
Name, Address(1) and Age |
Position(s) Held with the Fund |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) —
During Past 5 Years |
Other Directorships(3) |
|||||
Interested Trustees | |||||||||
Thomas P. Majewski(2) Age: 47 |
Trustee, Chief Executive Officer, and Principal Executive Officer | Since inception(4) | Managing Partner of the Adviser since September 2012; Managing Partner of Eagle Point Income Management since October 2018. | Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company | |||||
James R. Matthews(5) Age: 54 |
Trustee | Since inception(4) | Managing Director of Stone Point Capital LLC. | Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company | |||||
Independent Trustees | |||||||||
Scott W. Appleby Age: 57 |
Trustee | Since inception(4) | President of Appleby Capital, Inc., a financial advisory firm, since April 2009. | Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company | |||||
Kevin F. McDonald Age: 55 |
Trustee | Since inception(4) | Chief Operating Officer of AltaRock Partners, an asset management firm, since January 2019; Director of Business Development and Investor Relations of Folger Hill Asset Management, LP from December 2014 to July 2018; Principal of Taylor Investment Advisors, LP from March 2002 to March 2017. | Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company |
B-6
Paul E. Tramontano Age: 60 |
Trustee | Since inception(4) | Senior Managing Director and Portfolio Manager at First Republic Investment Management since October 2015. | Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company | |||||
Jeffrey L. Weiss Age: 60 |
Trustee | Since inception(4) | Private Investor since June 2012; Managing Partner of Colter Lewis Investment Partners LLC since January 2018. | Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company |
(1) | The business address of each our Trustees is c/o Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830. |
(2) | Mr. Majewski is an interested Trustee due to his position as our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer, and his position with the Adviser. |
(3) | Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company are considered to be in the same fund complex as us and, as a result, each of the Trustees serves as a trustee/director of three investment companies in the same complex. |
(4) | Each Trustee holds an indefinite term until the Trustee’s resignation, removal, or death. |
(5) | Mr. Matthews is an interested Trustee due to his position with Stone Point, which is an affiliate of the Adviser. |
Other than as disclosed in the table above, none of our Trustees serves, nor have they served during the last five years, on the board of trustees/directors of another company registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), (or subject to the reporting requirements of Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act), or registered under the 1940 Act (including any other companies in a fund complex with us).
In addition to the description of each Trustees’ “Principal Occupation(s)” set forth above, the following provides further information about each Trustees’ specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led to the conclusion that they should serve as a Trustee. The information in this section should not be understood to mean that any of the Trustees is an “expert” within the meaning of the federal securities laws.
Although the nominating committee has general criteria that guides its choice of candidates to serve on the Board of Trustees (as discussed above under “— Committees of the Board of Trustees”), there are no specific required qualifications for membership on the Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees believes that the different perspectives, viewpoints, professional experience, education and individual qualities of each Trustee represent a diversity of experiences and a variety of complementary skills. When considering potential nominees to fill vacancies on the Board of Trustees, and as part of its annual self-evaluation, the Board of Trustees reviews the mix of skills and other relevant experiences of the Trustees.
Independent Trustees
Scott W. Appleby. Mr. Appleby is the President of Appleby Capital, Inc. and has more than 20 years of banking experience at Appleby Capital, Deutsche Bank, Robertson Stephens, ABN Amro and Paine Webber. As a senior equity analyst, Mr. Appleby has written on global exchanges, alternative asset managers and financial technology. Mr. Appleby was also one of the first Internet analysts and, in 1997, the first analyst to cover the electronic brokerage industry. Mr. Appleby remains an active writer and speaker on financial technology and Wall Street trends. Mr. Appleby serves on a number of private company and community boards. Mr. Appleby holds an M.B.A. from Cornell University and a B.S. from the University of Vermont.
B-7
Mr. Appleby also serves as an independent director of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company and is a member of the audit committee and the chair of the nominating committee of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company.
Kevin F. McDonald. Mr. McDonald is the Chief Operating Officer of AltaRock Partners as of January 2019. Mr. McDonald has previously served as Director of Business Development and Investor Relations of Folger Hill Asset Management, LP from December 2014 to July 2018. Mr. McDonald was also Principal of Taylor Investment Advisors, LP, which he co-founded, from 2002 to March 2017, and served as the Chief Executive Officer from 2006 to December 2014. Previously, Mr. McDonald was a Director at Larch Lane Advisors LLC from 1999 to 2001. Mr. McDonald was a Vice President in the futures and options group at JP Morgan Securities from 1994 to 1999 and served as an Assistant Treasurer and proprietary fixed-income trader at BSI Bank (subsidiary of Generali S.P.A.) from 1991 to 1994. Mr. McDonald began his career at Chemical Bank in 1989 where he was a credit analyst in the corporate finance group. Mr. McDonald holds a B.A. from the University of Virginia.
Mr. McDonald also serves as an independent director of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company and is a member of the audit committee and nominating committee of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company.
Paul E. Tramontano. Mr. Tramontano has served as a Senior Managing Director and Wealth Manager at First Republic Investment Management since October 2015. Prior to joining First Republic Investment Management, Mr. Tramontano was the founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer at Constellation Wealth Advisors LLC for eight years and was responsible for managing the firm’s East Coast operations as well as serving on both the investment and executive management committees. Prior to forming Constellation Wealth Advisors, Mr. Tramontano spent 17 years at Citi Smith Barney, most recently as a Managing Director and Senior Advisor of Citi Family Office. Mr. Tramontano holds a B.S. from Villanova University and attended the Certified Investment Management program at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania.
Mr. Tramontano also serves as an independent director of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company and is a member of the audit committee and nominating committee of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company.
Jeffrey L. Weiss. Mr. Weiss has served as the Managing Partner of Colter Lewis Investment Partners LLC since January 2018 and is also a private investor (since 2012). Mr. Weiss is a former Managing Director at Lehman Brothers and Barclays, where he also held a number of senior leadership positions. From 2008 to 2012, Mr. Weiss served as Global Head of Financial Institutions at Barclays. Prior to joining Barclays, Mr. Weiss spent 25 years with Lehman Brothers, most recently as a Managing Director. From 2005 to 2008, Mr. Weiss served on the management committee of Lehman Brothers and from 2007 to 2008 Mr. Weiss was responsible for the financial institutions group businesses at Lehman Brothers. Mr. Weiss holds a B.S. from the University of Wisconsin.
Mr. Weiss also serves as an independent director of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company and chair of the audit committee and is a member of the nominating committee of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company.
Interested Trustees
Thomas P. Majewski. Mr. Majewski is the Managing Partner and founder of the Adviser. Mr. Majewski has been involved in the formation and/or monetization of many CLO transactions across multiple market cycles. Mr. Majewski led the creation of some of the earliest refinancing CLOs, introducing techniques that are now commonplace in the market. Mr. Majewski’s experience in the CLO market dates back to the 1990s. He has spent his entire career in the structured finance and credit markets. Mr. Majewski is a member of the Adviser’s Board of Managers and the Adviser’s investment committee. Mr. Majewski is also the Managing Partner of Eagle Point Income Management.
B-8
Prior to joining the Adviser in September 2012, Mr. Majewski was a Managing Director and U.S. Head of CLO Banking at RBS Securities Inc., or “RBS,” from September 2011 through September 2012, where he was responsible for all aspects of RBS’s new-issue CLO platform. Prior to joining RBS, Mr. Majewski was the U.S. country head at AMP Capital Investors (US) Ltd. and AE Capital Advisers (US) LLC where he was responsible for investing in credit, structured products and other private assets on behalf of several Australian investors. Prior to this, Mr. Majewski was a Managing Director and head of CLO banking at Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner and Smith Inc. Mr. Majewski also has held leadership positions within the CLO groups at JPMorgan Securities Inc. and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. Mr. Majewski serves as a member of the board of managers and investment committee of Marble Point, and as a director of Marble Point Loan Financing Limited, an investment fund managed by Marble Point which is listed on the London Stock Exchange. Mr. Majewski has a B.S. from Binghamton University and has been a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).
Mr. Majewski also serves as a director and the Chief Executive Officer of Eagle Point Credit Company and Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Eagle Point Income Company.
James R. Matthews. Mr. Matthews was appointed to the Board as a representative of the Adviser and the Trident V private equity funds (the “Trident V Funds”). Mr. Matthews is currently a Managing Director of Stone Point. Mr. Matthews is a member of the Adviser’s investment committee and board of managers. He joined Stone Point in 2011 from Evercore Partners Inc., where he was a Senior Managing Director and Co-Head of Private Equity. From 2000 to 2007, Mr. Matthews was with Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, where he was a General Partner and focused on investments in the information services and business services sectors. Previously, Mr. Matthews was a General Partner of J.H. Whitney & Co. and started his career as an Analyst in the mergers and acquisitions group of Salomon Brothers Inc. Mr. Matthews is a director of various portfolio companies of the Trident funds, including Alliant Insurance Services, Inc., HireRight GIS Group Holdings LLC, Safety TopCo Holdings GP LLC (dba SambaSafety), Tree Line Direct Lending GP, LLC, Tree Line Capital Partners, LLC, and Trident AV Holdings, L.P. (dba Verisys). Mr. Matthews holds a B.S. from Boston College and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration.
Mr. Matthews also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Eagle Point Credit Company and as a director of Eagle Point Income Company.
B-9
Executive Officers
Information regarding our executive officers who are not Trustees is as follows:
Name,
Address and Age(1) | Position(s)
Held with the Fund | Term
of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal
Occupation(s) — During Past 5 Years | |||
Kenneth P. Onorio Age: 54 | Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Chief Operating Officer | Since inception | Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of Eagle Point Income Company since October 2018; Chief Financial Officer of Eagle Point Credit Company since July 2014 and Chief Operating Officer of Eagle Point Credit Company since November 2014; Chief Financial Officer of Eagle Point Income Management since October 2018 and the Adviser since July 2014; Chief Operating Officer of Eagle Point Income Management since October 2018 and the Adviser since August 2014. | |||
Nauman S. Malik Age: 41 | Chief Compliance Officer | Since inception | Chief Compliance Officer of Eagle Point Income Company since October 2018; Chief Compliance Officer of Eagle Point Credit Company since September 2015; General Counsel of Eagle Point Income Management since October 2018 and the Adviser since June 2015; Chief Compliance Officer of Eagle Point Income Management from October 2018 to March 2020 and the Adviser from September 2015 to March 2020. | |||
Courtney B. Fandrick Age: 39 | Secretary | Since inception | Secretary of Eagle Point Income Company since October 2018; Secretary of Eagle Point Credit Company since August 2015; Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser and Eagle Point Credit Management since March 2020; Deputy Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser from October 2018 to March 2020 and Eagle Point Credit Management from December 2014 to March 2020. |
(1) | The address for each of our officers is c/o Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830. All of our officers are also officers or employees of the Adviser. |
(2) | Each of our officers holds office until their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. |
Kenneth P. Onorio. Mr. Onorio has served as our Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Chief Operating Officer since inception. Mr. Onorio also serves as the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management LLC. Prior to joining Eagle Point Credit Management in 2014, Mr. Onorio was an Executive Director within Private Equity and Hedge Fund Administration at JPMorgan Alternative Investment Services from September 2008 to July 2014. During his tenure at JPMorgan, his responsibilities included managing Hedge Fund and Private Equity Fund Administration. Mr. Onorio received his B.S. from Fordham University and is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).
Mr. Onorio also serves as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company.
Nauman S. Malik. Mr. Malik has served as our Chief Compliance Officer since inception. Mr. Malik also serves as the General Counsel of the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management LLC. He was the Chief Compliance Officer of Eagle Point Income Management from October 2018 to March 2020 and Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser from September 2015 to March 2020. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Malik was a corporate attorney with Dechert LLP. Mr. Malik received his J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center and his B.S. in finance from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School.
Mr. Malik also serves as Chief Compliance Officer of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company.
Courtney B. Fandrick. Ms. Fandrick has served as our Secretary since inception. Ms. Fandrick also serves as the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser and Eagle Point Income Management. She was the Deputy Chief Compliance Officer of Eagle Point Income Management from October 2018 to March 2020 and Deputy Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser from December 2014 to March 2020. Prior to joining the Adviser in December 2014, Ms. Fandrick was Senior Compliance Associate at Bridgewater Associates, LP, an investment advisory firm. Ms. Fandrick received her B.A. in Mathematics and Statistics from Miami University and her MBA from University of Phoenix.
Ms. Fandrick also serves as Secretary of Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company.
B-10
Trustee Compensation
Our Independent Trustees are entitled to receive annual cash retainer fees and annual fees for serving as a committee chair, determined based on the Fund's net asset value attributable to the shares of beneficial interest and the paid-in, or stated, capital of the preferred shares of beneficial interest as of the beginning of each fiscal quarter. The Independent Trustees are Scott W. Appleby, Kevin F. McDonald, Paul E. Tramontano and Jeffrey L. Weiss. Amounts payable under the arrangement are determined and paid quarterly in arrears as follows:
Fund's Net Asset
Value Attributable to the Shares of Beneficial Interest and the Paid-In, or Stated, Capital of the Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest | Annual Cash Retainer | Chair
of the Audit Committee | Chair
of the Committee | |||||||||
$0 to $200 million | $ | 25,000 | $ | 5,000 | $ | 1,500 | ||||||
> $200 million | $ | 40,000 | $ | 7,500 | $ | 2,500 |
Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending Board and committee meetings.
Our Independent Trustees received the amounts set forth in the following table from us and our fund complex for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from the Fund(1) | Aggregate Compensation from the Fund Complex(2)(3) | ||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||
Scott W. Appleby | $ | – | (4) | $ | 165,000 | (5) | ||
Kevin F. McDonald | $ | – | (4) | $ | 155,000 | (5) | ||
Paul E. Tramontano | $ | – | (4) | $ | 155,000 | (5) | ||
Jeffrey L. Weiss | $ | – | (4) | $ | 177,500 | (5) | ||
Interested Trustees | ||||||||
Thomas P. Majewski | $ | – | $ | – | ||||
James R. Matthews | $ | – | $ | – |
(1) | The address for each of our officers is c/o Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830. All of our officers are also officers or employees of the Adviser. |
(2) | Each of our officers holds office until their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. |
B-11
(3) | No compensation is, or is expected to be, paid by us to trustees who are “interested persons” of us, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, or our officers. We have obtained Trustees’ and officers’ liability insurance on behalf of our Trustees and officers. |
(4) | The Fund had not commenced operations as of [ ], 2022. Under current compensation arrangements, it is estimated that the Trustees will receive the following compensation from the Fund for the current fiscal year: Mr. Appleby $25,556; Mr. McDonald $24,110; Mr. Tramontano $24,110; and Mr. Weiss $28,932. |
(5) | Amounts include compensation in respect to Eagle Point Income Company and Eagle Point Credit Company. Reflects $82,500, $77,500, $77,500, and $88,750 relating to the year ended December 31, 2020 that was payable to each of Mr. Appleby, Mr. McDonald, Mr. Tramontano and Mr. Weiss as of December 31, 2020, respectively, and paid during the year ended December 31, 2021; does not reflect $326,250 relating to the year ended December 31, 2021 that was paid during the month ended January 31, 2022, which amount was comprised of $82,500, $77,500, $77,500, and $88,750 paid to each of Mr. Appleby, Mr. McDonald, Mr. Tramontano and Mr. Weiss, respectively. |
Securities Ownership of Trustees
The following table shows the dollar range of Shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Fund as of December 31, 2021, unless otherwise noted.
Name of Trustee | Dollar Range of Shares in the Fund* | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee (including the Fund) | ||||||
Interested Trustees | ||||||||
Thomas P. Majewski | None. | Over $100,000 | ||||||
James R. Matthews | None. | None | ||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||
Scott W. Appleby | None. | Over $100,000 | ||||||
Kevin F. McDonald | None. | Over $100,000 | ||||||
Paul E. Tramontano | None. | Over $100,000 | ||||||
Jeffrey L. Weiss | None. | Over $100,000 |
* As of [ ], the Fund had not commenced operations, and therefore the Trustees did not own any Shares of the Fund.
Miscellaneous
The Trust, the Adviser and the Dealer Manager have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Act that permit personnel subject to their particular codes of ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
Approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement
The Investment Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for an initial period of two years and continue on an annual basis thereafter so long as such continuance is approved annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund; provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees by vote cast at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Investment Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty, on 60 days’ prior written notice: by the Board; by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund; or by the Adviser. The Investment Advisory Agreement also provides that it will terminate automatically in the event of its “assignment,” as defined by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.
In consideration of the management and administrative services provided by the Adviser to the Fund, the Fund pays, out of the Fund’s assets, the Adviser a management fee (the “Management Fee”) at the annual rate of 1.75% of the Fund’s Managed Assets. “Managed Assets” means our total assets (including assets attributable to our use of leverage) minus the sum of our accrued liabilities (other than liabilities incurred for the purpose of creating leverage).
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The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence in the performance of its duties or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is not liable for any loss the Fund sustains for any investment, adoption of any investment policy, or the purchase, sale or retention of any security.
A discussion of the factors considered by the Fund’s Board of Trustees in approving the Investment Advisory Agreement will be set forth in the Fund’s semi-annual report on Form N-CSR for the period ending June 30, 2022, which will be publicly filed with the SEC.
Dealer Manager
WealthForge Securities, LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) serves as a distributor of the Fund pursuant to a dealer manager agreement (“Dealer Manager Agreement”). The principal office of the Dealer Manager is located at 3015 W. Moore Street, Suite 102, Richmond, VA 23230. Under the Dealer Manager Agreement, the Dealer Manager, as agent of the Fund, agrees to use its best efforts as distributor of the Fund’s shares. The Dealer Manager Agreement continues in effect so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by the Fund’s Board, including a majority of those Trustees who are not parties to such Dealer Manager Agreement nor interested persons of any such party. Pursuant to the terms of the Dealer Manager Agreement, the Dealer Manager Agreement can be terminated by either party with 60 days’ written notice.
The Dealer Manager Agreement may be novated by the Dealer Manager to a distributor controlled by, or under common control with, the Adviser (the “Eagle Point Distributor”) so long as the Eagle Point Distributor is (i) properly registered or licensed and duly authorized to sell Shares under federal and state securities laws and regulations in all states where it offers or sells Shares, and (ii) a member in good standing of FINRA. The Dealer Manager shall novate the Dealer Manager Agreement to the Eagle Point Distributor upon written instructions from the Fund to do so.
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers
Because the portfolio managers may manage assets for other investment companies, pooled investment vehicles, and/or other accounts (including institutional clients, pension plans and certain high net worth individuals), there may be an incentive to favor one client over another resulting in conflicts of interest. For instance, the Adviser may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive additional performance-based fees on certain accounts. In those instances, the portfolio managers may have an incentive to favor the higher and/or additional performance-based fee accounts over the Fund. In addition, a conflict of interest could exist to the extent the Adviser has proprietary investments in certain accounts, where portfolio managers have personal investments in certain accounts or when certain accounts are investment options in the Adviser’s employee benefits and/or deferred compensation plans. The portfolio manager may have an incentive to favor these accounts over others. If the Adviser manages accounts that engage in short sales of securities of the type in which the Fund invests, the Adviser could be seen as harming the performance of the Fund for the benefit of the accounts engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. The Adviser has adopted trade allocation and other policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address these and other conflicts of interest.
The following table shows information regarding accounts (other than the Fund) managed by each named portfolio manager as of December 31, 2021:
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Daniel W. Ko | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in Accounts ($ million) | Number
of Accounts Subject to a Performance- Based Advisory Fee | Total Assets in Accounts Subject to a Performance- Based Advisory Fee ($ million) | ||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies | 2 | $ | 941.2 | 1 | $ | 768.0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 9 | $ | 2,376.2 | 6 | $ | 2,035.6 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts | 46 | $ | 3,986.5 | 22 | $ | 1,447.0 | ||||||||||
Daniel M. Spinner | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in Accounts ($ million) | Number
of Accounts Subject to a Performance- Based Advisory Fee | Total Assets in | ||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies | 2 | $ | 941.2 | 1 | $ | 768.0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 9 | $ | 2,376.2 | 6 | $ | 2,035.6 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts | 46 | $ | 3,986.5 | 22 | $ | 1,447.0 |
Securities Ownership of Portfolio Managers
The Fund was not in operation as of [ ], 2022. Consequently, the portfolio managers owned no securities issued by the Fund as of that date.
Compensation of Portfolio Managers
The investment professionals are paid out of the total revenues of the Adviser and certain of its affiliates, including the advisory fees earned with respect to providing advisory services to us. Professional compensation at the Adviser is structured so that key professionals benefit from strong investment performance generated on the accounts that the Adviser and such affiliates manage and from their longevity with the Adviser. Each member of the Senior Investment Team has indirect equity ownership interests in the Adviser and related long-term incentives. Members of the Senior Investment Team also receive a fixed base salary and an annual market and performance-based cash bonus. The bonus is determined by the Adviser’s Board of Managers, and is based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis of several factors, including the profitability of the Adviser and the contribution of the individual employee. Many of the factors considered by management in reaching its compensation determinations will be impacted by our long-term performance and the value of our assets as well as the portfolios managed for the Adviser’s and such affiliates’ other clients.
Adviser’s Board of Managers
The Adviser is ultimately governed through intermediary holding companies by the Adviser’s Board of Managers, which governs and oversees the overall activities of the Adviser. The Adviser’s Board of Managers is comprised of Mr. Majewski, Mr. James Carey, Mr. Scott Bronner and Mr. Matthews. The Adviser’s Board of Managers is also responsible for governance and oversight of certain affiliates of the Adviser, including Eagle Point Income Management. Mr. Majewski’s and Mr. Matthews’s biographical information is included above under “— Interested Trustees.” Biographical information regarding each other member of the Adviser’s Board of Managers is summarized below:
James D. Carey. Mr. Carey is a Senior Principal of Stone Point and a member of the investment committees of the Trident V Funds. Mr. Carey is also a member of the Adviser’s Board of Managers, Eagle Point Income Management’s investment committee, and Eagle Point Credit Management’s investment committee. Mr. Carey joined Stone Point in 1997 from Merrill Lynch & Co. Prior to joining Merrill Lynch & Co., Mr. Carey was a corporate attorney with Kelley Drye & Warren LLP. Mr. Carey is a director of a number of portfolio companies of the Trident V Funds managed by Stone Point, including Alliant Insurance Services, Inc., the holding company of Amherst Pierpont Securities LLC, Enstar Group Limited, Privilege Underwriters, Inc., HireRight and Sedgwick Claims Management Services, Inc.
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Mr. Carey holds a B.S. from Boston College, a J.D. from Boston College Law School and an M.B.A. from the Duke University Fuqua School of Business.
Scott J. Bronner. Mr. Bronner is a Managing Director at Stone Point. Mr. Bronner is also a member of the Adviser’s Board of Managers, Eagle Point Income Management’s investment committee, and Eagle Point Credit Management’s investment committee. Mr. Bronner joined Stone Point in 2009. He is a director of a number of portfolio companies of the Trident Funds managed by Stone Point. Prior to joining Stone Point, Mr. Bronner was an Analyst in the Private Equity Division at Lehman Brothers Inc.
Mr. Bronner holds a B.A. from Amherst College.
Investment Advisory Agreement
Services. Subject to the overall supervision of our Board of Trustees, the Adviser manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory and management services to, us. Under the terms of our Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser:
· | determines the composition of our portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to our portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes; |
· | identifies, evaluates and negotiates the structure of the investments we make (including performing due diligence on our prospective investments); |
· | executes, closes, services and monitors the investments we make; |
· | determines the securities and other assets that we purchase, retain or sell; and |
· | provides us with such other investment advisory, research and related services as we may from time to time reasonably require for the investment of our funds. |
The Adviser’s services under the Investment Advisory Agreement are not exclusive, and both it and its members, officers and employees are free to furnish similar services to other persons and entities so long as its services to us are not impaired.
The Investment Advisory Agreement was approved by the Board of Trustees at a virtual meeting held on January 25, 2022, and re-approved at an in-person meeting held on February 11, 2022. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ previous approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement will be included in our semi-annual report for the period ended June 30, 2022.
Duration and Termination. Unless earlier terminated as described below, the Investment Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for an initial period of two years and continue on an annual basis thereafter if approved annually by our Board of Trustees or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, including, in either case, approval by a majority of our Trustees who are not “interested persons” of any party to such agreement, as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. The Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Investment Advisory Agreement may also be terminated by our Board of Trustees or the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding voting securities without penalty upon not less than 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser and by the Adviser upon not less than 90 days’ written notice to us.
Indemnification. The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations, the Adviser and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with it are entitled to indemnification from us for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of the Adviser’s services under the Investment Advisory Agreement or otherwise as our investment adviser.
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Management Fee and Incentive Fee
We pay the Adviser a fee for its services under the Investment Advisory Agreement consisting of two components — a base management fee and an incentive fee.
Base management fee. Our Management Fee is calculated monthly and payable quarterly in arrears at an annual rate equal to 1.75% of our Managed Assets at the end of the most recently completed calendar month, provided, that, if the Fund calculates its net asset value more frequently than monthly, the base management fee shall be calculated on the same frequency as the net asset value is calculated.
Incentive fee. The incentive fee is payable quarterly in arrears and equals 20% of our “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” for the immediately preceding quarter, subject to a preferred return, or “hurdle,” of 2.00% of our NAV (8.00% annualized) and a “catch up” feature (the “Incentive Fee”). For this purpose, “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” means (a) interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees, such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus (b) our operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, expenses payable under the Administration Agreement to Eagle Point Administration, and any interest expense and/or dividends paid on any issued and outstanding debt or preferred stock, but excluding the organizational and offering expenses and the incentive fee) after giving application to any reimbursement or recoupment under any expense limitation agreement to which the Fund may be a party, as may be amended from time to time (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”). No incentive fee is payable to the Adviser on capital gains, whether realized or unrealized. In addition, the amount of the Incentive Fee is not affected by any realized or unrealized losses that we may suffer. See “Management — Management Fee and Incentive Fee” in the prospectus.
Since the Fund is newly organized, no management fees or incentive fees have been paid to the Adviser.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
We have delegated our proxy voting responsibility to the Adviser. The Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of the Adviser are set forth below. The guidelines will be reviewed periodically by the Adviser and our Independent Trustees, and, accordingly, are subject to change. For purposes of these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures described below, “we,” “our” and “us” refers to Eagle Point Credit Management.
Introduction
An investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act has a fiduciary duty to act solely in the best interests of its clients. As part of this duty, we recognize that we must vote client securities in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest and in the best interests of our clients.
These policies and procedures for voting proxies for our investment advisory clients are intended to comply with Section 206 of, and Rule 206(4)-6 under, the Advisers Act.
Proxy Policies
Based on the nature of our investment strategy, we do not expect to receive proxy proposals but may from time to time receive amendments, consents or resolutions applicable to investments held by us. It is our general policy to exercise our voting or consent authority in a manner that serves the interests of the Fund’s Shareholders. We may occasionally be subject to material conflicts of interest in voting proxies due to business or personal relationships we maintain with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes. If at any time we become aware of a material conflict of interest relating to a particular proxy proposal, our chief compliance officer will review the proposal and determine how to vote the proxy in a manner consistent with interests of the Fund’s Shareholders.
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Proxy Voting Records
Information regarding how we voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available, without charge: (1) upon request, by calling toll free (844) 810-6501; and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain information about how we voted proxies by making a written request for proxy voting information to: Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830.
Privacy Policy
We are committed to protecting your privacy. This privacy notice explains our privacy policies and those of our affiliated companies. The terms of this notice apply to both current and former Shareholders. We will safeguard, according to strict standards of security and confidentiality, all information we receive about you. With regard to this information, we maintain procedural safeguards that are reasonably designed to comply with federal standards. We have implemented procedures that are designed to restrict access to your personal information to authorized employees of the Adviser, the administrator and their affiliates who need to know your personal information to perform their jobs, and in connection with servicing your account. Our goal is to limit the collection and use of information about you. While we may share your personal information with our affiliates in connection with servicing your account, our affiliates are not permitted to share your information with non-affiliated entities, except as permitted or required by law.
When you purchase Shares and in the course of providing you with products and services, we and certain of our service providers, such as a distributor or transfer agent, may collect personal information about you, such as your name, address, social security number or tax identification number. This information may come from sources such as account applications and other forms, from other written, electronic or verbal correspondence, from your transactions, from your brokerage or financial advisory firm, financial adviser or consultant, and/or information captured on applicable websites.
We do not disclose any personal information provided by you or gathered by us to non-affiliated third parties, except as permitted or required by law or for our everyday business purposes, such as to process transactions or service your account. For example, we may share your personal information in order to send you annual and semiannual reports, proxy statements and other information required by law, and to send you information we believe may be of interest to you. We may disclose your personal information to unaffiliated third party financial service providers (which may include a custodian, transfer agent, accountant or financial printer) who need to know that information in order to provide services to you or to us. These companies are required to protect your information and use it solely for the purpose for which they received it or as otherwise permitted by law. We may also provide your personal information to your brokerage or financial advisory firm and/or to your financial adviser or consultant, as well as to professional advisors, such as accountants, lawyers and consultants.
We reserve the right to disclose or report personal or account information to non-affiliated third parties in limited circumstances where we believe in good faith that disclosure is required by law, such as in accordance with a court order or at the request of government regulators or law enforcement authorities or to protect our rights or property. We may also disclose your personal information to a non-affiliated third party at your request or if you consent in writing to the disclosure.
Third-Parties
To assist in its responsibility for voting proxies, the Adviser may from time to time retain experts in the proxy voting and corporate governance area as proxy research providers (“Research Providers”). The services provided to the Adviser by the Research Providers would include in depth research, global issuer analysis, and voting recommendations. While the Adviser may review and utilize recommendations made by the Research Providers in making proxy voting decisions, it is in no way obligated to follow any such recommendations. In addition to research, the Research Providers could provide vote execution, reporting and recordkeeping. The Board would carefully monitor and supervise the services provided by any Research Providers.
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Since we expect to acquire and dispose of most of our investments in privately negotiated transactions or in the over-the-counter markets, we generally do not expect to pay a stated brokerage commission. However, to the extent a broker-dealer is involved in a transaction, the price paid or received by us may reflect a mark-up or mark-down. Subject to policies established by our Board of Trustees, the Adviser will be primarily responsible for selecting brokers and dealers to execute transactions with respect to the publicly traded securities portion of our portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage commissions. The Adviser does not expect to execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer but will seek to obtain the best net results for us under the circumstances, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution and operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. The Adviser generally will seek reasonably competitive trade execution costs but will not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable legal requirements and consistent with Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, the Adviser may select a broker based upon brokerage or research services provided. In return for such services, we may pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
Since the Fund is newly-organized and has not yet commenced operations, it has not yet paid brokerage commissions.
The Administrator and the Administration Agreement
The Board of Trustees has appointed Eagle Point Administration LLC as our administrator (the “Administrator”). Eagle Point Administration LLC has its principal office at 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830. We have entered into the Administration Agreement, pursuant to which the Administrator furnishes us with office facilities, equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and record-keeping services at such facilities. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator performs, or arranges for the performance of, our required administrative services, which include being responsible for the financial records which we are required to maintain and preparing reports to our Shareholders. In addition, the Administrator provides us with accounting services; assists us in determining and publishing our NAV; oversees the preparation and filing of our tax returns; monitors our compliance with tax laws and regulations; and prepares, and assists us with any audits by an independent public accounting firm of, our financial statements. The Administrator is also responsible for the printing and dissemination of reports to our Shareholders and the maintenance of our website; provides support for our investor relations; generally oversees the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others; and provides such other administrative services as we may from time to time designate. Payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion of the Administrator’s overhead in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and our allocable portion of the compensation of our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer and our allocable portion of the compensation of any administrative support staff. Our allocable portion of such total compensation is based on an allocation of the time spent on us relative to other matters. To the extent the Administrator outsources any of its functions, we pay the fees on a direct basis, without profit to the Administrator. The Administrator has the ability to delegate responsibilities to sub-administrators. Certain accounting and other services have been delegated by the Administrator to UMB Fund Services, or “Sub-Administrator,” for which the fee is calculated based on our net assets (subject to a monthly minimum). The Administration Agreement may be terminated by us without penalty upon not less than 60 days’ written notice to the Administrator and by the Administrator upon not less than 90 days’ written notice to us. The Administration Agreement will remain in effect if approved by the Board of Trustees, including by a majority of our Independent Trustees, on an annual basis.
When considering the approval of the Administration Agreement, the Board of Trustees considers, among other factors, (i) the reasonableness of the compensation paid by us to the Administrator and any third-party service providers in light of the services provided, the quality of such services, any cost savings to us as a result of the arrangements and any conflicts of interest, (ii) the methodology employed by the Administrator in determining how certain expenses are allocated to the Fund, (iii) the breadth, depth and quality of such administrative services provided, (iv) certain comparative information on expenses borne by other companies for somewhat similar services known to be available and (v) the possibility of obtaining such services from a third party. The Administration Agreement was approved by the Board of Trustees in January 25, 2022.
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Limitation on Liability and Indemnification
The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator and its officers, directors, employees agents, control persons and affiliates are not liable to us or any of our Shareholders for any act or omission by it or its employees in the supervision or management of our investment activities or for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) or losses sustained by us or our Shareholders, except that the foregoing exculpation does not extend to any act or omission constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations under the Administration Agreement. The Administration Agreement also provides for indemnification by us of the Administrator’s members, directors, officers, employees, agents, control persons and affiliates for liabilities incurred by them in connection with their services to us, subject to the same limitations and to certain conditions.
Our portfolio securities are held pursuant to a custodian agreement between us and UMB Bank, N.A.. The principal business address of UMB Bank, N.A. is 928 Grand Blvd., 10th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64106.
UMB Fund Services, Inc. serves as our transfer agent, registrar, dividend disbursement agent and stockholder servicing agent, as well as agent for our DRIP. The principal business address of UMB Fund Services, Inc. is 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154, provides audit services, tax return preparation, and assistance and consultation with respect to the preparation of filings with the SEC.
WealthForge Securities, LLC acts as a distributor of the Fund’s Shares on a best efforts basis. The Dealer Manager’s principal business address is 3015 W. Moore Street, Suite 102, Richmond, VA 23230.
Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Dechert LLP, Boston, Massachusetts. Dechert LLP also represents the Adviser.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of February 25, 2022, and based on statements publicly filed with the SEC, no persons owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund, except as noted below.
Under the 1940 Act, a control person generally is a person who beneficially owns more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or has the power to exercise control over the management or policies of such company. To the knowledge of the Fund and except as noted below, as of February 25, 2022, no persons were deemed to control the Fund.
Eagle Point Credit Management LLC has provided an initial investment in the Fund. For so long as Eagle Point Credit Management LLC has a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, Eagle Point Credit Management LLC may be deemed be a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act.
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The Fund will furnish to its Shareholders as soon as practicable after the end of each taxable year such information as is necessary for such Shareholders to complete Federal and state income tax or information returns, along with any other tax information required by law. The Fund will prepare and transmit to its Shareholders, a semi-annual and an audited annual report within 60 days after the close of the period for which it is being made, or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act. Quarterly reports from the Adviser regarding the Fund’s operations during such period also will be sent to the Fund’s Shareholders.
For accounting purposes, the fiscal year of the Fund is the 12-month period ending on December 31st. The 12-month period ending November 30th of each year will be the taxable year of the Fund unless otherwise determined by the Fund.
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EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL
INCOME FUND
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
FEBRUARY 18, 2022
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Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | B-23 |
Statement of Financial Condition | B-24 |
Notes to Statement of Financial Condition | B-25 |
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KPMG LLP
345 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10154-0102
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Trustees
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of financial condition of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the Company), as of February 18, 2022 (in organization) and the related notes to statement of financial condition (collectively, the financial statement). In our opinion, the financial statement presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 18, 2022 (in organization), in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
This financial statement is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statement, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statement. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We have served as the auditor of one or more Eagle Point Credit Management, LLC advised investment companies since 2014.
New York, New York
March 1, 2022
KPMG LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee. |
B-23 |
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
FEBRUARY 18, 2022
(IN ORGANIZATION)
ASSETS | ||||
Cash | $ | 100,000 | ||
Total Assets | $ | 100,000 | ||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 5) | ||||
NET ASSETS | ||||
Paid-in capital | $ | 100,000 | ||
Total Net Assets applicable to 10,000 shares of beneficial interest outstanding | $ | 100,000 | ||
Net Asset Valuer Per Share | $ | 10.00 |
See accompanying notes to the statement of financial condition
B-24 |
Eagle Point Institutional Income
Fund
Notes to Statement of Financial Condition
February 18, 2022
1. | ORGANIZATION |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the “Fund”) was formed as a Delaware Statutory Trust on October 22, 2021, and is an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund intends to be managed by Eagle Point Credit Management LLC (the “Adviser”), which is registered as an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Fund intends to operate so as to qualify to be taxed as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), for federal income tax purposes.
The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate high current income, with a secondary objective to generate capital appreciation. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in equity and junior debt tranches of collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) that are collateralized by a portfolio consisting primarily of below investment grade U.S. senior secured loans with a large number of distinct underlying borrowers across various industry sectors. The Fund may also invest in other related securities and instruments or other securities and instruments that the Adviser believes are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, including senior debt tranches of CLOs, loan accumulation facilities and securities and instruments of corporate issuers. The CLO securities in which the Fund primarily seeks to invest are unrated or rated below investment grade and are considered speculative with respect to timely payment of interest and repayment of principal.
As of February 18, 2022, the Fund had not commenced its investing activities as the Fund was still in the process of establishing the business. The Fund has no operations to date other than matters relating to its organization and the sale and issuance of 10,000 common shares to the Adviser at a net asset value of $10.00 per share.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Accounting
The statement of financial condition of the Fund has been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and pursuant to the requirements for reporting noted in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946 Financial Services – Investment Companies. Items included in the financial statement are measured and presented in United States dollars.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of a statement of financial condition in conformity with U.S. GAAP may require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the statement of financial condition and accompanying notes as of the reporting date. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Fund has defined cash and cash equivalents as cash and short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The Fund maintains its cash in bank accounts, which, at times, may exceed federal insured limits. The Adviser monitors the performance of the financial institution where the accounts are held in order to manage any risk associated with such accounts. No cash equivalent balances were held as of February 18, 2022.
Income Taxes
The Fund intends to operate so as to qualify to be taxed as a RIC under subchapter M of the Code and, as such, to not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income and gains distributed to shareholders. To qualify for RIC tax treatment, among other requirements, the Fund is required to distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code.
B-25 |
Eagle Point Institutional Income
Fund
Notes to Statement of Financial Condition
February 18, 2022
3. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
Investment Advisory Agreement
The Fund entered into an investment advisory agreement with the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund will pay the Adviser a management fee and an incentive fee for its services.
Administration Agreement
The Fund entered into an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with Eagle Point Administration LLC (the “Administrator”), an affiliate of the Adviser. Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, the Administrator performs, or arranges for the performance of, the Fund’s required administrative services, which include being responsible for the financial records which the Fund is required to maintain and preparing reports which are disseminated to the Fund’s shareholders. In addition, the Administrator provides the Fund with accounting services, assists the Fund in determining and publishing its net asset value, oversees the preparation and filing of the Fund’s tax returns, monitors the Fund’s compliance with tax laws and regulations, and prepares and assists the Fund with any audits by an independent public accounting firm of the financial statement. The Administrator is also responsible for printing and disseminating reports to the Fund’s shareholders and maintaining the Fund’s website, providing support to investor relations, generally overseeing the payment of the Fund’s expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Fund by others, and providing such other administrative services as the Fund may designate from time to time.
To the extent the Administrator outsources any of its functions, the Fund pays the fees on a direct basis, without profit to the Administrator. Certain accounting and other administrative services have been delegated by the Administrator to UMB Fund Services, Inc. (“UMB”).
Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement
The Fund and the Adviser intend to enter into an Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) that has an initial term expiring two years after its effective date.
The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement will permit the Adviser to pay, directly or indirectly, Fund operating expenses or to waive fees due by the Fund to the Adviser or affiliates of the Adviser to the extent that it deems appropriate in effort to limit the expenses borne by the Fund. Expense payments or waivers made by the Adviser will be subject to reimbursement from the Fund for up to three years after such expense payment or waiver was made. Reimbursement must be approved by the board of trustees of the Fund.
Organizational and Offering Expenses
The Fund will pay for organizational and offering expenses up to a limit of 1.50% of gross proceeds raised from the sale and issuance of the Fund’s common shares. The Fund may pay organizational and offering expenses in the form of direct payments to third party vendors. The Fund may also pay organizational and offering expenses to affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Administrator in the form of reimbursement subject to the organizational and offering expense limit.
As of February 18, 2022, the Adviser has incurred organization and offering costs on behalf of the Fund in the amount of $88,034. These costs are not subject to reimbursement and are not reflected in the statement of financial condition of the Fund until the Fund’s registration statement is declared effective. At such time, the Adviser may seek reimbursement from organizational and offering expenses up to a limit of 1.50% of gross proceeds raised from the sale and issuance of the Fund’s common shares. Any organizational and offering expenses paid by affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Administrator on the Fund’s behalf are subject to reimbursement for up to three years after the date on which such expenses were paid.
B-26 |
Eagle Point Institutional Income
Fund
Notes to Statement of Financial Condition
February 18, 2022
4. | SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
On January 25, 2022, the Adviser purchased 10,000 shares of the Fund’s shares of beneficial interest at $10.00 per share, which represents the initial public offering price of $10.64 per share, net of the maximum upfront sales load.
5. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
The Fund is not currently subject to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, the Fund may be a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings relating to the enforcement of the Fund’s rights under contracts. While the outcome of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Fund does not expect these proceedings will have a material effect upon its financial condition or results of operations.
As of February 18, 2022, the Fund had no unfunded commitments.
6. | SUBSEQUENT EVENTS |
Management of the Fund has evaluated the need for disclosures and/or adjustments resulting from subsequent events through February 28, 2022, the date the statement of financial condition of the Fund was available to be issued. Management has determined that there are no events that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the Fund's statement of financial condition and related notes through this date.
B-27 |
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits
Financial Statements
Part A: To be filed by amendment.
Part B: Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Financial statements indicating that the Registrant has met the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are included in Part B of this Registrant Statement.
Exhibits
(a)(1) | Certificate of Trust dated October 22, 2021 (incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, SEC File No. 333-261444, filed December 1, 2021). |
(a)(2) | Amendment to Certificate of Trust dated October 22, 2021 (incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, SEC File No. 333-261444, filed December 1, 2021). |
(a)(3) | Initial Declaration of Trust dated October 22, 2021 (incorporated by reference from Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, SEC File No. 333-261444, filed December 1, 2021). |
(a)(4) | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust dated January 25, 2022 (filed herewith). |
(b) | By-laws dated January 25, 2022 (filed herewith). |
(c) | Not applicable. |
(d) | Not applicable. |
(e) | Distribution Reinvestment Plan (filed herewith). |
(f) | Not applicable. |
(g) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Eagle Point Credit Management LLC (filed herewith). |
(h)(1) | Form of Dealer Manager Agreement (filed herewith). |
(i) | Not applicable. |
(j)(1) | Custody Agreement with UMB Bank, N.A. (filed herewith). |
(j)(2) | Foreign Custody Manager Agreement with UMB Bank, N.A. (filed herewith). |
(k)(1) | Form of Transfer Agent Agreement with UMB Fund Services (filed herewith). |
(k)(2) | Administration Agreement with Eagle Point Administration LLC (filed herewith). |
(k)(3) | Form of Sub-Administration Agreement with UMB Fund Services (filed herewith). |
(k)(4) | Form of Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (filed herewith). |
(k)(5) | Form of Offering and Organizational Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement (filed herewith) |
(k)(6) | Form of Trademark License Agreement with Eagle Point Credit Management LLC (filed herewith) |
(k)(7) | Form of Indemnification Agreement for Trustees and Officers (filed herewith) |
(l) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (filed herewith). |
(m) | Not applicable. |
(n) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith). |
(o) | Not applicable. |
(p) | Form of Investor Application (filed herewith). |
(q) | Not applicable. |
(r)(1) | Code of Ethics of Registrant (filed herewith). |
(r)(2) | Code of Ethics of Eagle Point Credit Management LLC (filed herewith). |
(s)(1) | Powers of Attorney (filed herewith) |
(s)(2) | Filing Fee Table (filed herewith). |
Item 26. Marketing Arrangements
The information contained under the heading “Plan of Distribution” in the prospectus that forms a part of this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
All figures are estimates:
Non-Cash/Training and Education | $ | 2,000,000 | ||
SEC registration fee | $ | 92,700 | ||
FINRA filing fee | $ | 150,500 | ||
Legal | $ | 1,000,000 | ||
Printing | $ | 350,000 | ||
Accounting | $ | 500,000 | ||
Other | $ | 1,000,000 | ||
Advertising and Sales | $ | 2,000,000 | ||
Literature | $ | 650,000 | ||
Due Diligence | $ | 650,000 | ||
Transfer Agent and Escrow Agent | $ | 1,000,000 | ||
Total Fees | $ | 9,393,200 |
Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant
None
Item 29. Number of Holders of Securities
Set forth below is the number of record holders as of February 25, 2022 of the securities of the Fund.
Title of Class | Number of Record Holders | |
Shares of Beneficial Interest | 1 |
Item 30. Indemnification
Sections 7 and 8 of the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust, provides for indemnification of the Trustees, officers and agents of the Trust, subject to certain limitations. The Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(4).
The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser will not be liable for or any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Investment Adviser or from reckless disregard by the Investment Adviser of its obligations or duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. The Investment Advisory Agreement will be incorporated by reference as Exhibit (g) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement.
The Dealer Manager Agreement between the Registrant and WealthForge Securities, LLC provides that the Registrant will indemnify WealthForge Securities, LLC against certain liabilities. The Dealer Manager Agreement will be incorporated by reference as Exhibit (h)(1) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement.
The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and trustees. The indemnification agreements are intended to provide the Registrant’s officers and trustees the maximum indemnification permitted under Delaware law and the 1940 Act. Each indemnification agreement provides that the Registrant shall indemnify the trustee who is a party to the agreement (an “Indemnitee”), including the advancement of legal expenses, if, by reason of his or her corporate status, the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to or a witness in any threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, other than a proceeding by or in the right of the Registrant.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
A description of any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which the Adviser, and each managing director, director or executive officer of the Adviser, is or has been during the past two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in Part A of this Registration Statement in the sections entitled “Management.” Additional information regarding the Adviser and its officers and directors is set forth in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 801-77721), under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records
All accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules thereunder are maintained at the offices of:
(1) | the Registrant, Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830; | |
(2) | the Transfer Agent, UMB Fund Services, Inc., 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212; | |
(3) | the Custodian, UMB Bank, N.A., 928 Grand Blvd., 10th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64106; and | |
(4) | the Adviser, Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, CT 06830. |
Item 33. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 34. Undertakings
(1) | Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its Shares until it amends the prospectus filed herewith if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement, or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus. |
(2) | Not applicable. |
(3) | Registrant undertakes: |
(a) to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement:
(1) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(2) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
(3) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
(b) that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;
(c) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;
(d) that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(1) not applicable;
(2) if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C [17 CFR 230.430C]: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use; and
(e) that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities:
The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
(1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act;
(2) free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;
(3) the portion of any other free writing prospectus or advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.482] relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
(4) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(4) | Not Applicable. |
(5) | Not Applicable. |
(6) | Not Applicable. |
(7) | The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any prospectus or Statement of Additional Information. |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to its Registration Statement on Form N-2 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Township of Greenwich, in the State of Connecticut, on the 2nd day of March, 2022.
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | ||
By: | /s/ Thomas P. Majewski | |
Thomas P. Majewski | ||
Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to its Registration Statement on Form N-2 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | ​ | Title | ​ | Date |
/s/ Thomas P. Majewski | ​ | Chair of the Board of Trustees, Chief Executive Officer, and Principal Executive Officer | ​ | March 2, 2022 |
Thomas P. Majewski | ||||
/s/ Kenneth P. Onorio ​ | ​ | Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Chief Operating Officer | ​ | March 2, 2022 |
Kenneth P. Onorio | ||||
* ​ | ​ | Trustee | ​ | March 2, 2022 |
James R. Matthews | ||||
* ​ | ​ | Trustee | ​ | March 2, 2022 |
Scott W. Appleby | ||||
* ​ | ​ | Trustee | ​ | March 2, 2022 |
Kevin F. McDonald | ||||
* ​ | ​ | Trustee | ​ | March 2, 2022 |
Paul E. Tramontano | ||||
* ​ | ​ | Trustee | ​ | March 2, 2022 |
Jeffrey L. Weiss |
* By: | /s/ Thomas P. Majewski | |
| Name: Thomas P. Majewski | |
| Title: Attorney-in-fact (Pursuant to Powers of Attorney filed herewith) |
EXHIBIT INDEX
(a)(4) | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust dated January 25, 2022 |
(b) | By-laws dated January 25, 2022 |
(e) | Distribution Reinvestment Plan |
(g) | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Eagle Point Credit Management LLC |
(h)(1) | Form of Dealer Manager Agreement |
(j)(1) | Custody Agreement with UMB Bank, N.A. |
(j)(2) | Foreign Custody Manager Agreement with UMB Bank, N.A. |
(k)(1) | Form of Transfer Agent Agreement with UMB Fund Services |
(k)(2) | Administration Agreement with Eagle Point Administration LLC |
(k)(3) | Form of Sub-Administration Agreement with UMB Fund Services |
(k)(4) | Form of Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement |
(k)(5) | Form of Offering and Organizational Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement |
(k)(6) | Form of Trademark License Agreement with Eagle Point Credit Management LLC |
(k)(7) | Form of Indemnification Agreement for Trustees and Officers |
(l) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel |
(n) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
(p) | Form of Investor Application |
(r)(1) | Code of Ethics of Registrant |
(r)(2) | Code of Ethics of Eagle Point Credit Management LLC |
(s)(1) | Powers of Attorney |
(s)(2) | Filing Fee Table |
Exhibit (a)(4)
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
AMENDED AND RESTATED DECLARATION OF TRUST
Dated as of January 25, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||
ARTICLE I | THE TRUST | |
1.1. | Name | 1 |
1.2 | Trust Purpose | 1 |
1.3. | Definitions | 1 |
ARTICLE II | TRUSTEES | |
2.1. | Number | 3 |
2.2. | Term and Election | 3 |
2.3. | Resignation and Removal | 3 |
2.4. | Vacancies | 4 |
2.5. | Meetings | 4 |
2.6. | Trustee Action by Written Consent | 5 |
2.7. | Officers | 5 |
2.8. | Chairman | 5 |
ARTICLE III | POWERS AND DUTIES OF TRUSTEES | |
3.1. | General | 5 |
3.2. | Investments | 5 |
3.3. | Issuance and Repurchase of Shares | 6 |
3.4. | Borrow Money or Utilize Leverage | 6 |
3.5. | Delegation; Committees | 6 |
3.6. | Collection and Payment | 6 |
3.7. | Expenses | 6 |
3.8. | Bylaws | 7 |
3.9. | Miscellaneous Powers | 7 |
3.10. | Further Powers | 7 |
3.11. | Sole Discretion; Good Faith | 7 |
ARTICLE IV | ADVISORY, MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS | |
4.1. | Advisory and Management Arrangements | 7 |
4.2. | Distribution Arrangements | 8 |
4.3. | Parties to Contract | 8 |
ARTICLE V | LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION | |
5.1. | No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc. | 8 |
5.2. | Mandatory Indemnification | 9 |
5.3. | No Bond Required of Trustees | 10 |
5.4. | No Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc. | 10 |
5.5. | Reliance on Experts, etc. | 10 |
ARTICLE VI |
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
|
|
6.1. | Beneficial Interest | 10 |
6.2. | Other Securities | 10 |
6.3. | Rights of Shareholders | 11 |
6.4. | Exchange Privilege | 11 |
6.5. | Trust Only | 11 |
6.6. | Issuance of Shares | 11 |
6.7. | Register of Shares | 11 |
6.8. | Transfer Agent and Registrar | 11 |
6.9. | Transfer of Shares | 12 |
6.10. | Notices | 12 |
6.11. | Derivative Actions | 12 |
ARTICLE VII | DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | |
7.1. | Net Asset Value | 13 |
7.2. | Distributions to Shareholders | 13 |
7.3. | Power to Modify Foregoing Procedures | 13 |
ARTICLE VIII | CUSTODIANS | |
8.1. | Appointment and Duties | 14 |
8.2. | Central Certificate System | 14 |
ARTICLE IX | REPURCHASES OF SHARES | |
9.1. | Repurchase of Shares | 14 |
9.2. | Disclosure of Holding | 14 |
ARTICLE X | SHAREHOLDERS | |
10.1. | Meetings of Shareholders | 15 |
10.2. | Voting | 15 |
10.3. | Notice of Meeting and Record Date | 15 |
10.4. | Quorum and Required Vote | 16 |
10.5. | Proxies, etc. | 16 |
10.6. | Reports | 16 |
10.7. | Inspection of Records | 16 |
10.8. | Shareholder Action by Written Consent | 17 |
ii
10.9. | Delivery by Electronic Transmission or Otherwise | 17 |
ARTICLE XI | DURATION; TERMINATION OF TRUST; AMENDMENT; ETC. | |
11.1. | Duration | 17 |
11.2. | Termination | 17 |
11.3. | Amendment Procedure | 18 |
11.4. | Subsidiaries | 18 |
11.5. | Extraordinary Transactions | 18 |
ARTICLE XII |
MISCELLANEOUS |
|
12.1. | Filing | 19 |
12.2. | Resident Agent | 19 |
12.3. | Governing Law | 19 |
12.4. | Exclusive Delaware Jurisdiction | 20 |
12.5. | Counterparts | 20 |
12.6. | Reliance by Third Parties | 20 |
12.7. | Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation | 20 |
iii
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
AMENDED AND RESTATED DECLARATION OF TRUST
AMENDED AND RESTATED DECLARATION OF TRUST (“Declaration”) made as of the 25th day of January 2022, by the Trustee hereunder, and by the Shareholders as hereinafter provided.
WHEREAS, the Trust has been formed to carry on business as set forth more particularly hereinafter;
WHEREAS, the Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of its Shares all in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
WHEREAS, this Declaration amends and restates in its entirety that certain Declaration of Trust dated as of October 22, 2021;
WHEREAS, the Trustee has agreed to manage all property coming into his hands as Trustee of a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth; and
WHEREAS, the parties hereto intend that the Trust shall constitute a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and that this Declaration and the Bylaws shall constitute the governing instrument of the Trust.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustee hereby declares that he will hold all cash, securities, and other assets which he may from time to time acquire in any manner as Trustee hereunder IN TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions for the benefit of the Shareholders from time to time of Shares as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I
THE TRUST
1.1. Name. This Trust shall be known as the “Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund” and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name or names as they may from time to time determine. Any name change shall become effective upon the execution by a majority of the then Trustees of an instrument setting forth the new name and the filing of a certificate of amendment pursuant to Section 3810(b) of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act. Any such instrument shall not require the approval of the Shareholders, but shall have the status of an amendment to this Declaration.
1.2. Trust Purpose. The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on the business of a closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. In furtherance of the foregoing, it shall be the purpose of the Trust to do everything necessary, suitable, convenient or proper for the conduct, promotion and attainment of any businesses and purposes which at any time may be incidental or may appear conducive or expedient for the accomplishment of the business of a closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act and which may be engaged in or carried on by a trust organized under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, and in connection therewith the Trust shall have the power and authority to engage in the foregoing and may exercise all of the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware upon a Delaware statutory trust.
1.3. Definitions. As used in this Declaration, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
(a) The “1940 Act” refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and exemptions granted therefrom, as amended from time to time.
1
(b) The terms “Affiliated Person,” “Assignment,” “Interested Person” and “Principal Underwriter” shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act.
(c) “Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Trust, as amended from time to time by the Trustees.
(d) “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
(e) “Commission” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(f) “Continuing Trustees” shall mean trustees who either (i) have been members of the Board of Trustees for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the commencement of the Fund’s operations, if less than 36 months) or (ii) were nominated to serve as members of the Board of Trustees by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board of Trustees.
(g) “Declaration” shall mean this Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, as amended, supplemented or amended and restated from time to time.
(h) “Delaware General Corporation Law” means the Delaware General Corporation Law, 8 Del. C. § 100, et. seq., as amended from time to time.
(i) “Delaware Statutory Trust Act” shall mean the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C. § 3801, et. seq., as such Act may be amended from time to time.
(j) “Exchange Listing” shall mean the quotation or listing of the Trust’s securities on a national securities exchange.
(k) “Fiscal Year” means each period commencing on January 1 of each year and ending on December 31 of that year (or on the date of a final distribution made in accordance with Section 11.2 of this Declaration), unless the Trustees designate another fiscal year for the Trust.
(l) “Fundamental Policies” shall mean the investment policies and restrictions as set forth from time to time in any Registration Statement of the Trust filed with the Commission and designated as fundamental policies therein, as they may be amended from time to time in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
(m) “Majority Shareholder Vote” shall mean “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust voted on any matter to be voted on by the Shareholders with all shares entitled to vote voting together as a single class.
(n) “Person” shall mean and include individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, associations, joint ventures and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.
(o) “Prospectus” shall mean the Prospectus of the Trust, if any, as in effect from time to time under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(p) “Shareholders” shall mean as of any particular time the holders of record of outstanding Shares at such time.
(q) “Shares” shall mean the transferable units of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares.
2
(r) “Trust” shall mean the statutory trust governed by this Declaration and the Bylaws, as amended from time to time, inclusive of each such amendment.
(s) “Trust Property” shall mean as of any particular time any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which at such time is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust or the Trustees in such capacity.
(t) “Trustees” shall mean the signatory to this Declaration, so long as he shall continue in office in accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who at the time in question have been duly elected or appointed and have qualified as trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof and are then in office.
ARTICLE II
TRUSTEES
2.1. Number. As of the date hereof, the number of Trustees shall be six (6) and such Trustees shall be the signatories hereto. Thereafter, the number of Trustees shall be determined by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office, provided that the number of Trustees shall be no less than one (1) and no more than nine (9). No reduction in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his or her term. Trustees need not own Shares and may succeed themselves in office.
2.2. Term and Election. Prior to an Exchange Listing of any class of the Trust’s Shares, if any, the term of office of a Trustee shall continue until death, resignation or removal of a Trustee. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Trustees at any time may appoint individuals to fill vacancies on the Board of Trustees. Each Trustee elected shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, effective upon and following the occurrence of an Exchange Listing of any class of the Trust’s Shares, if any: the Board of Trustees shall be divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II and Class III, as nearly equal in number as possible, and the term of office of Trustees of one class shall expire at each annual meeting of Shareholders, and in all cases as to each Trustee such term shall extend until his or her successor shall be elected and shall qualify or until his or earlier resignation, removal from office, death or incapacity, except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions of the Board of Trustees providing for any series of preferred shares with respect to any Trustees elected (or to be elected) by the holders of such series and except as otherwise required by applicable law. Trustees already in office shall be assigned to each class at the time such classification becomes effective, in accordance with a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Trustees. Class I Trustees shall initially serve for a term expiring at the first annual meeting of shareholders following the time at which the initial classification of the Board of Trustees becomes effective, Class II Trustees shall initially serve for a term expiring at the second annual meeting of shareholders following the time at which the initial classification of the Board of Trustees becomes effective and Class III Trustees shall initially serve for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of shareholders following the time at which the initial classification of the Board of Trustees becomes effective. At each annual meeting of shareholders commencing with the first annual meeting of shareholders following the time at which the initial classification of the Board of Trustees becomes effective, the Trustees of the class to be elected at each annual meeting of shareholders shall be elected for a three-year term. If the total number of such Trustees is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of Trustees in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any such additional Trustees of any class elected to fill a newly created Trusteeship resulting from an increase in such class shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of that class, but in no case shall a decrease in the total number of Trustees remove or shorten the term of any incumbent Trustee.
2.3. Resignation and Removal. Any of the Trustees may resign from office (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in writing signed by such Trustee and delivered or mailed to the Trustees or the Chairman (if any), the Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary and such resignation shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later date according to the terms of the instrument. Any of the Trustees may be removed (provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such removal shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof) for cause only, and not without cause, and only by action taken by a majority of the remaining Trustees (or in the case of the removal of a Trustee that is not an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act a majority of the remaining Trustees that are not “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act) or by the holders of at least a majority of the Shares then entitled to vote in an election of such Trustee. Upon the resignation or removal of a Trustee, each such resigning or removed Trustee shall execute and deliver such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require for the purpose of conveying to the Trust or the remaining Trustees any Trust Property held in the name of such resigning or removed Trustee. Upon the incapacity or death of any Trustee, such Trustee’s legal representative shall execute and deliver on such Trustee’s behalf such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require as provided in the preceding sentence. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning and no Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following the effective date of his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of a removal.
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2.4. Vacancies. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by appointing any individual as they may determine in their sole discretion, consistent with the limitations under the 1940 Act, by a majority of the Trustees then in office or may leave such vacancy unfilled or may reduce the number of Trustees; provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such reduction shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof. Any vacancy created by an increase in Trustees may be filled by the appointment of an individual made by a majority of the Trustees then in office. The Trustees may appoint a new Trustee as provided above in anticipation of a vacancy expected to occur because of the retirement, resignation or removal of a Trustee, or an increase in the number of Trustees, provided that such appointment shall become effective only at or after the expected vacancy occurs. No vacancy shall operate to annul this Declaration or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration. Whenever a vacancy in the number of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided herein, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration.
2.5. Meetings. Meetings of the Trustees shall be held from time to time upon the call of the Chairman, if any, or the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary or any three Trustees. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at a time and place fixed by the Bylaws or by resolution or consent of the Trustees. Notice of any other meeting shall be given by the Secretary and shall be delivered to the Trustees orally or via electronic transmission not less than 24 hours, or in writing not less than 72 hours, before the meeting, but may be waived in writing by any Trustee either before or after such meeting. The attendance of a Trustee at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except where a Trustee attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been properly called or convened. Any time there is more than one Trustee, a quorum for all meetings of the Trustees shall be a majority of the Trustees. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration and except as required under the 1940 Act, any action of the Trustees may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the Trustees present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent of a majority of the Trustees.
Any committee of the Trustees, including an executive committee, if any, may act with or without a meeting. A quorum for all meetings of any such committee shall be one-third, but not less than two, of the members thereof. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration, any action of any such committee may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the members present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent of all of the members.
With respect to actions of the Trustees and any committee of the Trustees, Trustees who are Interested Persons in any action to be taken may be counted for quorum purposes under this Section and shall be entitled to vote to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
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All or any one or more Trustees may participate in a meeting of the Trustees or any committee thereof by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other; participation in a meeting pursuant to any such communications system shall constitute presence in person at such meeting except as otherwise may be provided by law.
2.6. Trustee Action by Written Consent. Any action which may be taken by Trustees by vote may be taken without a meeting if that number of the Trustees, or members of a committee, as the case may be, required for approval of such action at a meeting of the Trustees or of such committee consent to the action in writing or by electronic transmission and the written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Trustees. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Trustees.
2.7. Officers. The Trustees shall elect a Principal Executive Officer, a Chief Executive Officer, a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer, a Principal Accounting Officer, a Chief Operating Officer, and a Chief Compliance Officer and may also elect such other officers or assistant officers as may be elected or authorized by the Trustees. Officers shall serve at the pleasure of the Trustees or until their successors are elected. The Trustees may elect or appoint or may authorize the Chairman, if any, or Chief Executive Officer to appoint such other officers or agents with such powers as the Trustees may deem to be advisable. The Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and Chief Financial Officer may, but need not, be a Trustee. All officers shall owe to the Trust and its Shareholders the same fiduciary duties (and only such fiduciary duties) as owed by officers of corporations to such corporations and their stockholders under the Delaware General Corporation Law; provided, however, such fiduciary duties shall not be deemed to control to the extent that the express terms of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, this Declaration or the Bylaws conflict with or are inconsistent with such fiduciary duties in which case the express terms of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, this Declaration or the Bylaws shall control.
2.8. Chairman. The Trustees may designate a Chairman and a Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees, who shall have such powers and duties as determined by the Board of Trustees from time to time.
ARTICLE III
POWERS AND DUTIES OF TRUSTEES
3.1. General. The Trustees shall manage or direct the management of the Trust Property and the business of the Trust with such powers of delegation as may be permitted by this Declaration. The Trustees shall owe to the Trust and its Shareholders the same fiduciary duties (and only such fiduciary duties) as owed by directors of corporations to such corporations and their stockholders under the Delaware General Corporation Law; provided, however, such fiduciary duties shall not be deemed to control to the extent that the express terms of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, this Declaration or the Bylaws conflict with or are inconsistent with such fiduciary duties in which case the express terms of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, this Declaration or the Bylaws shall control. The Trustees may perform such acts as in their sole discretion are proper for conducting the business of the Trust. The enumeration of any specific power herein shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid power. Such powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of or resort to any court.
3.2. Investments. The Trustees shall have power, subject to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the Trust, to:
(a) manage, conduct, operate and carry on the business of an investment company; and
(b) subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute or otherwise deal in or dispose of any and all sorts of property, tangible or intangible, including but not limited to securities of any type whatsoever, whether equity or non-equity, of any issuer, evidences of indebtedness of any Person and any other rights, interests, instruments or property of any sort and to exercise any and all rights, powers and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including, without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers and privileges in respect of any of said investments. The Trustees shall not be limited by any law limiting the investments which may be made by fiduciaries.
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3.3. Issuance and Repurchase of Shares. The Trustees shall have the power to cause the Trust to issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, dispose of, transfer, and otherwise deal in, Shares, including Shares in fractional denominations, and to apply to any such repurchase, redemption, retirement, cancellation or acquisition of Shares any funds or property. The Trustees may establish, from time to time, a program or programs by which the Trust voluntarily repurchases Shares from the Shareholders; provided, however, that such repurchases do not impair the capital or operations of the Trust whether capital or surplus or otherwise. Subject to the further provisions of this Article III, any restriction set forth in the Bylaws and any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act or any applicable exemptive relief issued by the Commission, the Trustees shall have full power and authority, in their sole discretion, and without obtaining any authorization or vote of the Shareholders of any class of Shares of the Trust (each, a “Class”) to: (i) divide the beneficial interest in each Class into Shares as the Trustees shall determine; (ii) establish, designate, redesignate, classify, reclassify and change in any manner any Class and fix such preferences, voting powers, rights, duties and privileges and business purpose of each Class as the Trustees may from time to time determine, which preferences, voting powers, rights, duties and privileges may be different from any existing Class; provided, however, that the Trustees may not reclassify or change outstanding Shares in a manner materially adverse to Shareholders of such Shares, without obtaining the authorization or vote of the Class of Shareholders that would be materially adversely affected; (iii) divide or combine the Shares of any Class into a greater or lesser number without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the Shares of such Class in the assets held with respect to that Class; (iv) change the name of any Class; (v) dissolve and terminate any one or more Classes; and (vi) take such other action with respect to the Classes as the Trustees may deem desirable.
3.4. Borrow Money or Utilize Leverage. Subject to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the Trust, the Trustees shall have the power to cause the Trust to borrow money or otherwise obtain credit or utilize leverage to the maximum extent permitted by law or regulation as such may be needed from time to time and to secure the same by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the assets of the Trust, including the lending of portfolio securities, and to endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of any obligation, contract or engagement of any other Person, firm, association or corporation.
3.5. Delegation; Committees. The Trustees shall have the power to delegate from time to time to such of their number or to officers, employees or agents of the Trust the doing of such things, including any matters set forth in this Declaration, and the execution of such instruments either in the name of the Trust or the names of the Trustees or otherwise as the Trustees may deem expedient. The Trustees may designate one or more committees which shall have all or such lesser portion of the authority of the entire Board of Trustees as the Trustees shall determine from time to time except to the extent action by the entire Board of Trustees or particular Trustees is required by the 1940 Act.
3.6. Collection and Payment. The Trustees shall have power to collect all property due to the Trust; to pay all claims, including taxes, against the Trust Property or the Trust, the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to prosecute, defend, compromise or abandon any claims relating to the Trust Property or the Trust, or the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to foreclose any security interest securing any obligations, by virtue of which any property is owed to the Trust; and to enter into releases, agreements and other instruments.
3.7. Expenses. The Trustees shall have power to incur and pay out of the assets or income of the Trust any expenses which in the opinion of the Trustees are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the purposes of this Declaration, and the business of the Trust, and to pay reasonable compensation from the funds of the Trust to themselves as Trustees. The Trustees shall fix the compensation of all officers, employees and Trustees. The Trustees may pay themselves such compensation for special services, including legal, underwriting, syndicating and brokerage services, as they in good faith may deem reasonable and reimbursement for expenses reasonably incurred by themselves on behalf of the Trust.
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3.8. Bylaws. The Trustees shall have the exclusive authority to adopt and from time to time amend or repeal Bylaws for the conduct of the business of the Trust.
3.9. Miscellaneous Powers. Without limiting the general or further powers of the Trustees, they shall have the power to: (a) employ or contract with such Persons as the Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of the Trust; (b) enter into joint ventures, partnerships and any other combinations or associations; (c) purchase, and pay for out of Trust Property, insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, investment advisors, distributors, selected dealers or independent contractors of the Trust against all claims arising by reason of holding any such position or by reason of any action taken or omitted by any such Person in such capacity, whether or not constituting negligence, or whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability; (d) establish pension, profit-sharing, share purchase, and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans for any Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust; (e) make donations, irrespective of benefit to the Trust, for charitable, religious, educational, scientific, civic or similar purposes; (f) to the extent permitted by law, indemnify any Person with whom the Trust has dealings, including without limitation any advisor, administrator, manager, transfer agent, custodian, distributor or selected dealer, or any other Person as the Trustees may see fit to such extent as the Trustees shall determine; (g) guarantee indebtedness or contractual obligations of others; and (h) determine and change the fiscal year of the Trust and the method in which its accounts shall be kept on behalf of the Trust.
3.10. Further Powers. The Trustees shall have the power to conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its operations in any and all of its branches and maintain offices both within and without the State of Delaware, in any and all states of the United States of America, in the District of Columbia, and in any and all commonwealths, territories, dependencies, colonies, possessions, agencies or instrumentalities of the United States of America and of foreign governments, and to do all such other things and execute all such instruments as they deem necessary, proper or desirable in order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things are not herein specifically mentioned. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees. The Trustees will not be required to obtain any court order to deal with the Trust Property.
3.11. Sole Discretion; Good Faith. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration or otherwise applicable law, whenever in this Declaration the Trustees are permitted or required to make a decision: (i) in their “discretion” or under a grant of similar authority, the Trustees shall be entitled to consider such interests and factors as they desire, including their own interest, and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, shall have no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of or factors affecting the Trust or any other Person; or (ii) in their “good faith” or under another express standard, the Trustees shall act under such express standard and shall not be subject to any other or different standard.
ARTICLE IV
ADVISORY, MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
4.1. Advisory and Management Arrangements. Subject to the requirements of applicable law as in effect from time to time, the Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into advisory, administration or management contracts (including, in each case, one or more sub-advisory, sub-administration or sub-management contracts) whereby the other party to any such contract shall undertake to furnish such advisory, administrative and management services with respect to the Trust as the Trustees shall from time to time consider desirable and all upon such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Declaration, the Trustees may authorize any advisor, administrator or manager (subject to such general or specific instructions as the Trustees may from time to time adopt) to exercise any of the powers of the Trustees, including to effect investment transactions with respect to the assets on behalf of the Trust to the full extent of the power of the Trustees to effect such transactions or may authorize any officer, employee or Trustee to effect such transactions pursuant to recommendations of any such advisor, administrator or manager (and all without further action by the Trustees). Any such investment transaction shall be deemed to have been authorized by all of the Trustees.
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4.2. Distribution Arrangements. Subject to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Trustees may retain underwriters and/or selling agents to sell Shares and other securities of the Trust. The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more contracts, providing for the sale of securities of the Trust, whereby the Trust may either agree to sell such securities to the other party to the contract or appoint such other party its sales agent for such securities. In either case, the contract shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or the Bylaws; and such contract may also provide for the repurchase or sale of securities of the Trust by such other party as principal or as agent of the Trust and may provide that such other party may enter into selected dealer agreements with registered securities dealers and brokers and servicing and similar agreements with Persons who are not registered securities dealers to further the purposes of the distribution or repurchase of the securities of the Trust.
4.3. Parties to Contract. Any contract of the character described in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 of this Article IV or in Article VIII hereof may be entered into with any Person, although one or more of the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or rendered voidable by reason of the existence of any such relationship, nor shall any Person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under or by reason of said contract or accountable for any profit realized directly or indirectly therefrom, provided that the contract when entered into was reasonable and fair and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or the Bylaws. The same Person may be the other party to contracts entered into pursuant to Sections 4.1 and 4.2 above or Article VIII, and any individual may be financially interested or otherwise affiliated with Persons who are parties to any or all of the contracts mentioned in this Section 4.3.
ARTICLE V
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
5.1. No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc. No Shareholder of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust. Shareholders shall have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to stockholders of a private corporation for profit incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law. No Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person, save only liability to the Trust or its Shareholders arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for his duty to such Person; and, subject to the foregoing exception, all such Persons shall look solely to the Trust Property for satisfaction of claims of any nature arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust. If any Shareholder, Trustee or officer, as such, of the Trust, is made a party to any suit or proceeding to enforce any such liability, subject to the foregoing exception, he shall not, on account thereof, be held to any personal liability. Any repeal or modification of this Section 5.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Trustee or officer of the Trust existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or modification.
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5.2. Mandatory Indemnification.
(a) To the fullest extent permitted by law but subject to the limitations expressly provided in this Declaration, the Trust hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each person who at any time serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust (each such person being an “indemnitee”) against any and all, losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties, interest, settlements or other amounts arising from any and all threatened, pending or completed, claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, and whether formal or informal and including appeals, in which any indemnitee may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth in this Article V by reason of his having acted in any such capacity, except however, that no indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to any person or any expense of such indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence, or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his position. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any claim, demand, action, suit or other proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by any indemnitee, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the commencement of such claim, demand, action, suit or other proceeding (or part thereof) by such indemnitee was authorized by a majority of the Trustees in their sole discretion or was instituted by the indemnitee to enforce his or her rights to indemnification hereunder in a case in which the indemnitee is found to be entitled to such indemnification. The rights to indemnification set forth in this Declaration shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Trustee or officer of the Trust and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives. No amendment or restatement of this Declaration or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate any of the benefits provided to any person who at any time is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust or otherwise entitled to indemnification hereunder in respect of any act or omission that occurred prior to such amendment, restatement or repeal.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no indemnification shall be made hereunder unless there has been a determination (i) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the issue of entitlement to indemnification hereunder was brought that such indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder or, (ii) in the absence of such a decision, by (1) a majority vote of a quorum of those Trustees who are neither Interested Persons of the Trust nor parties to the proceeding (“Disinterested Non-Party Trustees”), that the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder, or (2) if such quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable, if such majority so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion concludes that the indemnitee should be entitled to indemnification hereunder. All determinations to make advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized and made in accordance with the immediately succeeding paragraph (c) below.
(c) To the fullest extent permitted by law, and without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, the Trust shall make advance payments (which shall be unsecured and interest free) in connection with expenses (including legal fees and expenses) incurred by any indemnitee in appearing at, participating in or defending any claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Trust receives a written undertaking by the indemnitee to repay the Trust such amounts if it ultimately shall be determined that the indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification as authorized by this Section 5.2. The Trust shall have no obligation to advance any amounts in connection with any claim, demand, action, suit or other proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by an indemnitee unless such commencement was (1) authorized by a majority of the Trustees in their sole discretion or (2) instituted by the indemnitee to enforce his or her rights to indemnification hereunder.
(d) The rights accruing to any indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude or restrict any other right (including any right of indemnification or advancement) which any indemnitee or any other person may have or hereafter acquire under this Declaration, the Bylaws of the Trust, any statute, agreement, vote of Shareholders or Trustees who are not Interested Persons or any other right to which he or she may be lawfully entitled.
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(e) Subject to any limitations provided by the 1940 Act and this Declaration, the Trust shall have the power and authority to indemnify and provide for the advance payment of expenses to employees, agents and other Persons providing services to the Trust or serving in any capacity at the request of the Trust or provide for the advance payment of expenses for such Persons, provided that such indemnification has been approved by a majority of the Trustees.
5.3. No Bond Required of Trustees. No Trustee shall, as such, be obligated to give any bond or other security for the performance of any of his duties hereunder.
5.4. No Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or other Person dealing with the Trustees or with any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction purporting to be made by the Trustees or by said officer, employee or agent or be liable for the application of money or property paid, loaned, or delivered to or on the order of the Trustees or of said officer, employee or agent. Every obligation, contract, undertaking, instrument, certificate, Share, other security of the Trust, and every other act or thing whatsoever executed in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively taken to have been executed or done by the executors thereof only in their capacity as Trustees under this Declaration or in their capacity as officers, employees or agents of the Trust. The Trustees may maintain insurance for the protection of the Trust Property, the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents in such amount as the Trustees shall deem adequate to cover possible tort liability and such other insurance as the Trustees in their sole judgment shall deem advisable or is required by the 1940 Act.
5.5. Reliance on Experts, etc. Each Trustee and officer or employee of the Trust shall, in the performance of its duties, be fully and completely justified and protected with regard to any act or any failure to act resulting from reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Trust, upon an opinion of counsel, or upon reports made to the Trust by any of the Trust’s officers or employees or by any advisor, administrator, manager, distributor, selected dealer, accountant, appraiser or other expert or consultant selected with reasonable care by the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel or expert may also be a Trustee.
ARTICLE VI
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
6.1. Beneficial Interest. The beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided into an unlimited number of transferable shares of beneficial interest. Such Shares of beneficial interest shall have no par value unless the Trustees otherwise determine. Shares may be issued in different classes and/or series of beneficial interests. All Shares issued in accordance with the terms hereof, including, without limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend or distribution in Shares or a split of Shares, shall be fully paid and nonassessable when the consideration determined by the Trustees (if any) therefor shall have been received by the Trust.
6.2. Other Securities. The Trustees may, subject to the Fundamental Policies and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and cause the Trust to issue such other securities of the Trust as they determine to be necessary, desirable or appropriate, having such terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the Trustees see fit, including preferred shares, debt securities or other senior securities. The Trustees are also authorized to take such actions and retain such any peron as they see fit to offer and sell such securities. To the extent that the Trustees authorize and issue preferred shares of any class or series, they are hereby authorized and empowered to amend or supplement this Declaration as they deem necessary or appropriate, including to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act or requirements imposed by the rating agencies or other Persons, all without the approval of Shareholders. In addition, any such supplement or amendment may set forth the rights, powers, preferences and privileges of such preferred shares and any such supplement or amendment shall operate either as additions to or modifications of the rights, powers, preferences and privileges of any such preferred shares under this Declaration. To the extent the provisions set forth in such supplement or amendment conflict with the provisions of this Declaration with respect to any such rights, powers and privileges of the preferred shares, such amendment or supplement shall control. Except as contemplated by the immediately preceding sentence, this Declaration shall control as to the Trust generally and the rights, powers, preferences and privileges of the other Shareholders of the Trust. The Trustees are also authorized to take such actions and retain such persons as they see fit to offer and sell such securities.
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6.3. Rights of Shareholders. The Shares shall be personal property giving only the rights in this Declaration specifically set forth. The ownership of the Trust Property of every description and the right to conduct any business herein before described are vested exclusively in the Trustees on behalf of the Trust, and the Shareholders shall have no interest therein other than the beneficial interest conferred by their Shares, and they shall have no right to call for any partition or division of any property, profits, rights or interests of the Trust nor can they be called upon to share or, subject to the right of the Trustees to charge certain expenses directly to Shareholders, assume any losses of the Trust or suffer an assessment of any kind by virtue of their ownership of Shares. The Shares shall not entitle the holder to preference, preemptive, appraisal, redemption or conversion rights.
6.4. Exchange Privilege. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act and provisions of this Declaration, the Trustees shall have the power and authority to provide that the Shareholders of any Class shall have the right to exchange such Shares for Shares of one or more other Classes.
6.5. Trust Only. It is the intention of the Trustees to create only the relationship of Trustee and beneficiary between the Trustees and each Shareholder from time to time. It is not the intention of the Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association, corporation, bailment or any form of legal relationship other than a Delaware statutory trust. Nothing in this Declaration shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.
6.6. Issuance of Shares. The Trustees, in their discretion, may from time to time without vote of the Shareholders issue Shares including preferred shares that may have been established pursuant to Section 6.2, in addition to the then issued and outstanding Shares and Shares held in the treasury, to such party or parties and for such amount and type of consideration, including cash or property, at such time or times, and on such terms as the Trustees may determine, and may in such manner acquire other assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to, and in connection with the assumption of, liabilities) and businesses. The Trustees may from time to time, without a vote of the Shareholders, divide, reclassify or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such Shares. Issuances and redemptions of Shares may be made in whole Shares and/or 1/1,000ths of a Share or multiples thereof as the Trustees may determine.
6.7. Register of Shares. A register shall be kept at the offices of the Trust or any transfer agent duly appointed by the Trustees under the direction of the Trustees which shall contain the names and addresses of the Shareholders and the number of Shares held by them respectively and a record of all transfers thereof. Separate registers shall be established and maintained for each class or series of Shares. Each such register shall be conclusive as to who are the holders of the Shares of the applicable class or series of Shares and who shall be entitled to receive dividends or distributions or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the rights of Shareholders. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution, nor to have notice given to him as herein provided, until he has given his address to a transfer agent or such other officer or agent of the Trustees as shall keep the register for entry thereon. It is not contemplated that certificates will be issued for the Shares; however, the Trustees, in their discretion, may authorize the issuance of share certificates and promulgate appropriate fees therefore and rules and regulations as to their use.
6.8. Transfer Agent and Registrar. The Trustees shall have power to employ a transfer agent or transfer agents, and a registrar or registrars, with respect to the Shares. The transfer agent or transfer agents may keep the applicable register and record therein, the original issues and transfers, if any, of the said Shares. Any such transfer agents and/or registrars shall perform the duties usually performed by transfer agents and registrars of certificates of stock in a corporation, as modified by the Trustees.
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6.9. Transfer of Shares. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, Shares shall be transferable on the records of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or by its agent thereto duly authorized in writing, upon delivery to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together with such evidence of the genuineness of each such execution and authorization and of other matters (including compliance with any securities laws and contractual restrictions) as may reasonably be required. Upon such delivery the transfer shall be recorded on the applicable register of the Trust. Until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of such Shares for all purposes hereof and neither the Trustees nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be affected by any notice of the proposed transfer. Each Shareholder will indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Trustees and any Affiliated Person of the Trust or the Trustees against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including legal or other expenses incurred in investigating or defending against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses or any judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement), joint or several, to which these Persons may become subject by reason of or arising from (1) any transfer made by the Shareholder in violation of this Section 6.9 and (2) any misrepresentation by the transferring Shareholder or substituted Shareholder in connection with the transfer.
Any person becoming entitled to any Shares in consequence of the death, bankruptcy, or incompetence of any Shareholder, or otherwise by operation of law, shall be recorded on the applicable register of Shares as the holder of such Shares upon production of the proper evidence thereof to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust, but until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of such for all purposes hereof, and neither the Trustees nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer or agent of the Trust shall be affected by any notice of such death, bankruptcy or incompetence, or other operation of law.
6.10. Notices. Any and all notices to which any Shareholder hereunder may be entitled and any and all communications shall be deemed duly served or given if mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to any Shareholder of record at his last known address as recorded on the applicable register of the Trust.
6.11. Derivative Actions.
(a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action.
(b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (i) the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if, and only if, a majority of the Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Statutory Trust Act); and (ii) unless a demand is not required under clause (i) of this paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.11, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand.
(c) This Section 6.11 shall not apply to any claims brought under federal securities law, or the rules and regulations thereunder.
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ARTICLE VII
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
7.1. Net Asset Value. The net asset value of each outstanding Share shall be determined at such time or times on such days as the Trustees may determine, in accordance with the 1940 Act. The method of determination of net asset value shall be determined by the Trustees and shall be as set forth in the Registration Statement or as may otherwise be determined by the Trustees. The power and duty to make the net asset value calculations may be delegated by the Trustees and shall be as generally set forth in the Registration Statement or as may otherwise be determined by the Trustees.
7.2. Distributions to Shareholders.
(a) The Trustees may from time to time distribute ratably among the Shareholders of any Class, or any series of any such Class, in accordance with the number of outstanding full and fractional Shares of such Class or any series of such Class, such proportion of the net profits, surplus (including paid-in surplus), capital, or assets held by the Trustees as they may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in accordance with this Declaration. Any such distribution may be made in cash or property (including without limitation any type of obligations of the Trust or any assets thereof) or Shares of any Class or series or any combination thereof, and the Trustees may distribute ratably among the Shareholders of any Class of shares or series of any such Class, in accordance with the number of outstanding full and fractional Shares of such Class or any series of such Class, additional Shares of any Class or series in such manner, at such times, and on such terms as the Trustees may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in accordance with this Declaration.
(b) Distributions pursuant to this Section 7.2 may be among the Shareholders of record of the applicable Class or series of Shares at the time of declaring a distribution or among the Shareholders of record at such later date as the Trustees shall determine and specify.
(c) The Trustees may always retain from the net profits such amount as they may deem necessary to pay the debts or expenses of the Trust or to meet obligations of the Trust, or as they otherwise may deem desirable to use in the conduct of its affairs or to retain for future requirements or extensions of the business.
(d) Inasmuch as the computation of net income and gains for Federal income tax purposes may vary from the computation thereof on the books, the above provisions shall be interpreted to give the Trustees the power in their discretion to distribute for any fiscal year as ordinary dividends and as capital gains distributions, respectively, additional amounts sufficient to enable the Trust to avoid or reduce liability for taxes.
7.3. Power to Modify Foregoing Procedures. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing provisions of this Article VII, the Trustees may prescribe, in their absolute discretion except as may be required by the 1940 Act, such other bases and times for determining the net asset value of the Trust’s Shares or net income, or the declaration and payment of dividends and distributions as they may deem necessary or desirable for any reason, including to enable the Trust to comply with any provision of the Code, the 1940 Act, any securities exchange or association registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or any order of exemption issued by the Commission, all as in effect now or hereafter amended or modified.
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ARTICLE VIII
CUSTODIANS
8.1. Appointment and Duties. The Trustees shall at all times employ a custodian or custodians, meeting the qualifications for custodians for portfolio securities of investment companies contained in the 1940 Act, as custodian with respect to the assets of the Trust. Any custodian shall have authority as agent of the Trust as determined by the custodian agreement or agreements, but subject to such restrictions, limitations and other requirements, if any, as may be contained in the Bylaws of the Trust and the 1940 Act, including without limitation authority:
(1) to hold the securities owned by the Trust and deliver the same upon written order;
(2) to receive any receipt for any moneys due to the Trust and deposit the same in its own banking department (if a bank) or elsewhere as the Trustees may direct;
(3) to disburse such funds upon orders or vouchers;
(4) if authorized by the Trustees, to keep the books and accounts of the Trust and furnish clerical and accounting services; and
(5) if authorized to do so by the Trustees, to compute the net income or net asset value of the Trust; all upon such basis of compensation as may be agreed upon between the Trustees and the custodian.
The Trustees may also authorize each custodian to employ one or more sub-custodians from time to time to perform such of the acts and services of the custodian and upon such terms and conditions, as may be agreed upon between the custodian and such sub-custodian and approved by the Trustees, provided that in every case such sub-custodian shall meet the qualifications for custodians contained in the 1940 Act.
8.2. Central Certificate System. Subject to such rules, regulations and orders as the Commission may adopt, the Trustees may direct the custodian to deposit all or any part of the securities owned by the Trust in a system for the central handling of securities established by a national securities exchange or a national securities association registered with the Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or such other Person as may be permitted by the Commission, or otherwise in accordance with the 1940 Act, pursuant to which system all securities of any particular Class of any issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and may be transferred or pledged by bookkeeping entry without physical delivery of such securities, provided that all such deposits shall be subject to withdrawal only upon the order of the Trust.
ARTICLE IX
REPURCHASES OF SHARES
9.1. Repurchase of Shares. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, no Shareholder or other Person holding Shares will have the right to withdraw or tender Shares to the Trust for repurchase. The Trustees may, from time to time, in their complete and exclusive discretion and on terms and conditions as they may determine, cause the Trust to repurchase Shares in accordance with written tenders. In determining whether to cause the Trust to repurchase Shares, pursuant to written tenders, the Trustees may consider such factors as the Trustees deem appropriate at such time. Additionally, the Trust shall offer to repurchase Shares from time to time as may be required by applicable law and/or specified in the Registration Statement.
9.2. Disclosure of Holding. The holders of Shares or other securities of the Trust shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares or other securities of the Trust as the Trustees deem necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code, the 1940 Act or other applicable laws or regulations, or to comply with the requirements of any other taxing or regulatory authority.
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ARTICLE X
SHAREHOLDERS
10.1. Meetings of Shareholders. The Trust will not hold annual Shareholder meetings unless required by the 1940 Act, the provisions of this Declaration, the Bylaws or any other applicable law, rule or regulation. A special meeting of Shareholders may be called at any time by a majority of the Trustees or the Chief Executive Officer and shall be called by the trustees for any proper purpose upon written request of Shareholders of the Trust holding in the aggregate at least a majority of the outstanding Shares, such request specifying the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is to be called. Any shareholder meeting, including a special meeting, shall be held within or without the State of Delaware on such day and at such time as the Trustees shall designate or may be held virtually. Special meetings of Shareholders shall be held, notice of such meetings shall be delivered and waiver of notice shall occur according to the provisions of the Trust’s Bylaws. Any action that may be taken at a meeting of Shareholders may be taken without a meeting according to the procedures set forth in the Bylaws or in this Declaration. In the event of a Shareholder meeting requested by Shareholders of the Trust, the Secretary shall inform the requesting shareholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing or delivering the notice of the meeting (including the Trust’s proxy materials). The Secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting upon Shareholder request, and such meeting shall not be held, unless the Secretary receives payment of such reasonably estimated cost prior to the preparation and mailing or delivery of such notice of the meeting.
10.2. Voting. Shareholders shall have no power to vote on any matter except matters on which a vote of Shareholders is required by the 1940 Act, this Declaration or resolution of the Trustees. This Declaration expressly provides that no matter for which voting, consent or other approval is required by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act in the absence of the contrary provision in the Declaration shall require any vote. Except as otherwise provided herein, any matter required to be submitted to Shareholders and affecting one or more Classes or series of shares shall require approval by the required vote of all the affected Classes and series of shares voting together as a single Class; provided, however, that as to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any Class or series of shares is required by the 1940 Act, such requirement as to a separate vote by that Class or series of shares shall apply in addition to a vote of all the affected Classes and series voting together as a single Class. Shareholders of a particular Class or series of shares shall not be entitled to vote on any matter that affects only one or more other Classes or series of shares. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election or removal of Trustees.
10.3. Notice of Meeting and Record Date. Special meetings of Shareholders shall be held, notice of such meetings shall be delivered, and waiver of notice shall occur according to the provisions of the Trust’s Bylaws, including via electronic transmission to a Shareholder at his or her address as it is registered with the Trust. Any action that may be taken at a meeting of Shareholders may be taken without a meeting according to the procedures set forth in the Bylaws or in this Declaration. For purposes of determining the Shareholders who are entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting the Trustees may, without closing the transfer books, fix a date not more than one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to the date of such meeting of Shareholders as a record date for the determination of the Persons to be treated as Shareholders of record for such purposes. Any meeting of Shareholders, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned for any lawful purpose by the Chairman, the Trustees (or their designees) or a majority of the votes properly cast upon the question of adjourning a meeting. Any adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned one or more times without further notice not later than one hundred and twenty (120) days after the record date. For the purposes of determining the Shareholders who are entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting the Trustees may, without closing the transfer books, fix a date not more than one hundred and twenty (120) days nor less than 10 days prior to the date of such meeting of Shareholders as a record date for the determination of the Persons to be treated as Shareholders of record for such purposes.
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10.4. Quorum and Required Vote.
(a) Except as otherwise provided from time to time in the Bylaws, the presence in person or by proxy of Shares entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast shall constitute a quorum at such meeting of the Shareholders for purposes of conducting business on such matter. The absence from any meeting, in person or by proxy, of a quorum of Shareholders for action upon any given matter shall not prevent action at such meeting upon any other matter or matters which may properly come before the meeting, if there shall be present thereat, in person or by proxy, a quorum of Shareholders in respect of such other matters.
(b) Subject to any provision of applicable law, this Declaration or a resolution of the Trustees specifying a greater or a lesser vote requirement for the transaction of any item of business at any meeting of Shareholders, (i) the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the Shareholders with respect to such matter, and (ii) where a separate vote of one or more classes or series of Shares is required on any matter, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares of such class or series of Shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall be the act of Shareholders of such class or series with respect to such matter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Trustees shall be elected by the affirmative vote of a plurality of the Shares voted at a meeting of the Shareholders to the extent Shareholders are entitled to vote to elect Trustees.
10.5. Proxies, etc. At any meeting of Shareholders, any holder of Shares entitled to vote thereat may vote by properly executed or authorized proxy, provided that no proxy shall be voted at any meeting unless it shall have been placed on file with the Secretary, or with such other officer or agent of the Trust as the Secretary may direct, for verification prior to the time at which such vote shall be taken. Pursuant to a resolution of a majority of the Trustees, proxies may be solicited in the name of one or more Trustees or one or more of the officers or employees of the Trust. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Only Shareholders of record shall be entitled to vote. Each full Share shall be entitled to one vote and fractional Shares shall be entitled to a vote of such fraction. When any Share is held jointly by several persons, any one of them may vote at any meeting in person or by proxy in respect of such Share, but if more than one of them shall be present at such meeting in person or by proxy, and such joint owners or their proxies so present disagree as to any vote to be cast, such vote shall not be received in respect of such Share. A proxy purporting to be executed or authorized by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. If the holder of any such Share is a minor or a person of unsound mind, and subject to guardianship or to the legal control of any other person as regards the charge or management of such Share, he may vote by his guardian or such other person appointed or having such control, and such vote may be given in person or by proxy.
10.6. Reports. The Trustees shall as long as the Trust continues operations cause to be prepared at least annually and more frequently to the extent and in the form required by law, regulation or any exchange on which Trust Shares are listed a report of operations containing a balance sheet and statement of income and undistributed income of the Trust prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and an opinion of an independent public accountant on such financial statements. Copies of such reports shall be transmitted to all Shareholders of record within the time required by the 1940 Act, and in any event within a reasonable period preceding the meeting of Shareholders. The Trustees shall, as long as the Trust continues operations, in addition, furnish to the Shareholders at least semi-annually to the extent required by law, interim reports containing an unaudited balance sheet of the Trust as of the end of such period and an unaudited statement of income and surplus for the period from the beginning of the current fiscal year to the end of such period.
10.7. Inspection of Records. The records of the Trust shall be open to inspection by Shareholders to the same extent as is permitted stockholders of a corporation formed under the Delaware General Corporation Law.
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10.8. Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Shareholders may be taken without a meeting, without a prior notice and without a vote if the consent, setting forth the action to be taken is given in writing or by electronic transmission by the Shareholders having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all Shareholders entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.
10.9. Delivery by Electronic Transmission or Otherwise. Notwithstanding any provision in this Declaration to the contrary, any notice, proxy, vote, consent, report, instrument or writing of any kind or any signature referenced in, or contemplated by, this Declaration or the Bylaws may, in the sole discretion of the Trustees, be given, granted or otherwise delivered by electronic transmission (within the meaning of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act), including via the internet, or in any other manner permitted by applicable law.
ARTICLE XI
DURATION; TERMINATION OF TRUST; AMENDMENT; ETC.
11.1. Duration. Subject to possible termination in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.2 hereof, the Trust created hereby shall have perpetual existence.
11.2. Termination.
(a) The Trust may be dissolved only upon approval of not less than a majority of the Trustees. Upon the dissolution of the Trust:
(i) The Trust shall carry on no business except for the purpose of winding up its affairs.
(ii) The Trustees shall proceed to wind up the affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Trustees under this Declaration shall continue until the affairs of the Trust shall have been wound up, including the power to fulfill or discharge the contracts of the Trust, collect its assets, sell, convey, assign, exchange, merge where the Trust is not the survivor, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining Trust Property to one or more Persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part in cash, securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities, and do all other acts appropriate to liquidate its business; provided that any sale, conveyance, assignment, exchange, merger in which the Trust is not the survivor, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all the Trust Property of the Trust shall require approval of the principal terms of the transaction and the nature and amount of the consideration by Shareholders.
(iii) After paying or adequately providing for the payment of all claims and obligations of the Trust in accordance with Section 3808 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements, as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the remaining Trust Property, in cash or in kind or partly each, among the Shareholders according to their respective rights.
(b) After the winding up and liquidation of the Trust, including the distribution to the Shareholders of any assets of the Trust, a majority of the Trustees shall execute and lodge among the records of the Trust an instrument in writing setting forth the fact of such termination and shall execute and file a certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Upon termination of the Trust, the Trustees shall thereupon be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder, and the rights and interests of all Shareholders shall thereupon cease.
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11.3. Amendment Procedure.
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this Section 11.3, the Trustees may, without Shareholder vote, amend or otherwise supplement this Declaration. Shareholders shall have the right to vote: (i) on any amendment which would eliminate their right to vote granted in this Declaration, (ii) on any amendment to this Section 11.3(a), (iii) on any amendment that would adversely affect the powers, preferences or special rights of the Shares as determined by the Trustees in good faith and (iv) on any amendment submitted to them by the Trustees.
(b) An amendment duly adopted by the requisite vote of the Board of Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders as aforesaid, shall become effective at the time of such adoption or at such other time as may be designated by the Board of Trustees or Shareholders, as the case may be. A certification in recordable form signed by a majority of the Trustees setting forth an amendment and reciting that it was duly adopted by the Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders as aforesaid, or a copy of the Declaration, as amended, in recordable form, and executed by a majority of the Trustees, shall be conclusive evidence of such amendment when lodged among the records of the Trust or at such other time designated by the Board.
11.4. Subsidiaries. Without approval or vote by Shareholders, the Trustees may cause to be organized or assist in organizing one or more corporations, trusts, limited liability companies, partnerships, associations or other organizations to take over all of the Trust Property or to carry on any business in which the Trust shall directly or indirectly have any interest and to sell, convey, and transfer all or a portion of the Trust Property to any such corporation, trust, limited liability company, association or organization in exchange for the shares or securities thereof, or otherwise, and to lend money to, subscribe for the shares or securities of and enter into any contracts with any such corporation, trust, limited liability company, partnership, association or organization, or any corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, association or organization in which the Trust holds or is about to acquire shares or any other interests.
11.5 Extraordinary Transactions.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this Section 11.5 the affirmative vote or consent of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Trustees of the Trust and at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares outstanding and entitled to vote thereon shall be necessary to authorize any of the following actions:
(i) The merger, conversion, consolidation, or share exchange or sale of exchange of all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust.
(ii) Any Shareholder proposal as to specific investment decisions made or to be made with respect to the assets of the Trust or a series or class of Shares.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in paragraph (a) of this Section 11.5, so long as each action is approved by both a majority of the entire Board of Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees, and so long as all other conditions and requirements, if any, provided for in the Bylaws and applicable law have been satisfied, then no vote or consent of the Shares outstanding shall be required to approve any of the actions listed in paragraph (a)(i) of this Section 11.5 unless otherwise required by applicable law.
(c) Any amendment to this Declaration to make Shares of the Trust “redeemable securities” and any other proposal to convert the Trust from a “closed-end company” to an “open-end company” (as defined in the 1940 Act) each must be approved by (i) the affirmative vote of shareholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter prior to an Exchange Listing; and (ii) the affirmative vote of shareholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter upon and following the occurrence of an Exchange Listing.
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ARTICLE XII
MISCELLANEOUS
12.1. Filing.
(a) This Declaration and any amendment or supplement hereto shall be filed in such places as may be required or as the Trustees deem appropriate. Each amendment or supplement shall be accompanied by a certificate signed and acknowledged by a Trustee or Secretary of the Trust stating that such action was duly taken in a manner provided herein and shall, upon insertion in the Trust’s minute book, be conclusive evidence of all amendments contained therein. A restated Declaration, containing the original Declaration and all amendments and supplements theretofore made, may be executed from time to time by a majority of the Trustees and shall, upon insertion in the Trust’s minute book, be conclusive evidence of all amendments and supplements contained therein and may thereafter be referred to in lieu of the original Declaration and the various amendments and supplements thereto.
12.2. Resident Agent. The Trust shall maintain a resident agent in the State of Delaware, which agent shall initially be Corporation Service Company. The Trustees may designate a successor resident agent, provided, however, that such appointment shall not become effective until written notice thereof and any required filing is delivered to the office of the Secretary of the State.
12.3. Governing Law. The trust set forth in this instrument is made in the State of Delaware, and the Trust and this Declaration, and the rights and obligations of the Trustees and Shareholders hereunder, are to be governed by and construed and administered according to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and the laws of said State; provided, however, that there shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees or this Declaration (a) the provisions of Sections 3540 and 3561 of Title 12 of the Delaware Code or (b) any provisions of the laws (statutory or common) of the State of Delaware (other than the Delaware Statutory Trust Act) pertaining to trusts which relate to or regulate: (i) the filing with any court or governmental body or agency of trustee accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges, (ii) affirmative requirements to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (iii) the necessity for obtaining court or other governmental approval concerning the acquisition, holding or disposition of real or personal property, (iv) fees or other sums payable to trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (v) the allocation of receipts and expenditures to income or principal, (vi) restrictions or limitations on the permissible nature, amount or concentration of trust investments or requirements relating to the titling, storage or other manner of holding of trust assets, or (vii) the establishment of fiduciary or other standards or responsibilities or limitations on the acts or powers of trustees, which are inconsistent with the limitations or liabilities or authorities and powers of the Trustees set forth or referenced in this Declaration. The Trust shall be of the type commonly called a “statutory trust”, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a trust under Delaware law. The Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or privileges afforded to trusts or actions that may be engaged in by trusts under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein to any such power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust may not exercise such power or privilege or take such actions.
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12.4. Exclusive Delaware Jurisdiction. Each Trustee, each officer and each Person legally or beneficially owning a Share or an interest in a Share (whether through a broker, dealer, bank, trust company or clearing corporation or an agent of any of the foregoing or otherwise), to the fullest extent permitted by law, including Section 3804(e) of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, (i) irrevocably agrees that, except for any claims, suits, actions or proceedings arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and the 1940 Act (collectively, the “federal securities laws”), any claims, suits, actions or proceedings asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs (or similar) doctrine or arising out of or relating in any way to the Trust, the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, this Declaration or the Bylaws (including, without limitation, any claims, suits, actions or proceedings to interpret, apply or enforce (A) the provisions of this Declaration or the Bylaws, or (B) the duties (including fiduciary duties), obligations or liabilities of the Trust to the Shareholders or the Trustees, or of officers or the Trustees to the Trust, to the Shareholders or each other, or (C) the rights or powers of, or restrictions on, the Trust, the officers, the Trustees or the Shareholders, or (D) any provision of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act or other laws of the State of Delaware pertaining to trusts made applicable to the Trust pursuant to Section 3809 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, or (E) any other instrument, document, agreement or certificate contemplated by any provision of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, the Declaration or the Bylaws relating in any way to the Trust (regardless, in each case, of whether such claims, suits, actions or proceedings (x) sound in contract, tort, fraud or otherwise, (y) are based on common law, statutory, equitable, legal or other grounds, or (z) are derivative or direct claims)), shall be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, any other court in the State of Delaware with subject matter jurisdiction, (ii) irrevocably agrees that any claims, suits, actions or proceedings arising under the federal securities laws shall be exclusively brought in the federal district courts of the United States of America, (iii) irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in connection with any such claim, suit, action or proceeding, (iv) irrevocably agrees not to, and waives any right to, assert in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding that (A) it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such courts or any other court to which proceedings in such courts may be appealed, (B) such claim, suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, or (C) the venue of such claim, suit, action or proceeding is improper, (v) consents to process being served in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding by mailing, certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy thereof to such party at the address in effect for notices hereunder, and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof; provided, nothing in clause (v) hereof shall affect or limit any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law, and (vi) irrevocably waives any and all right to trial by jury in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 12.4, the Trust may, at its sole discretion, select and/or consent to an alternative forum for any claims, suits, actions or proceedings relating in any way to the Trust.
12.5. Counterparts. This Declaration may be simultaneously executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts, together, shall constitute one and the same instrument, which shall be sufficiently evidenced by any such original counterpart.
12.6. Reliance by Third Parties. Any certificate executed by an individual who, according to the records of the Trust, or of any recording office in which this Declaration may be recorded, appears to be a Trustee hereunder, certifying to: (a) the number or identity of Trustees or Shareholders, (b) the name of the Trust, (c) the due authorization of the execution of any instrument or writing, (d) the form of any vote passed at a meeting of Trustees or Shareholders, (e) the fact that the number of Trustees or Shareholders present at any meeting or executing any written instrument satisfies the requirements of this Declaration, (f) the form of any Bylaws adopted by or the identity of any officers elected by the Trustees, or (g) the existence of any fact or facts which in any manner relate to the affairs of the Trust, shall be conclusive evidence as to the matters so certified in favor of any person dealing with the Trustees and their successors.
12.7. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation.
(a) The provisions of this Declaration are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, if applicable, with the regulated investment company provisions of the Code (if applicable) or with other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of this Declaration; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this Declaration or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination.
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(b) If any provision of this Declaration shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Declaration in any jurisdiction.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Declaration to be executed as of the day and year first above written.
By: | /s/ Scott W. Appleby | |
Scott W. Appleby | ||
Trustee | ||
By: | /s/ Kevin F. McDonald | |
Kevin F. McDonald | ||
Trustee | ||
By: | /s/ Paul E. Tramontano | |
Paul E. Tramontano | ||
Trustee | ||
By: | /s/ Jeffrey L. Weiss | |
Jeffrey L. Weiss | ||
Trustee | ||
By: | /s/ Thomas P. Majewski | |
Thomas P. Majewski | ||
Trustee | ||
By: | /s/ James R. Matthews | |
James R. Matthews | ||
Trustee |
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Exhibit (b)
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
BYLAWS
Dated as of January 25, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ARTICLE I SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS | 1 |
1.1. | Chairman | 1 |
1.2. | Proxies; Voting | 1 |
1.3. | Notice of Meeting and Fixing Record Dates | 1 |
1.4. | Inspectors of Election | 2 |
1.5. | Records at Shareholder Meetings | 2 |
1.6. | Postponement, Adjournment and Change of Place of Meetings | 2 |
1.7. | Meetings by Remote Communication | 3 |
ARTICLE II TRUSTEES | 3 |
2.1. | Annual and Regular Meetings | 3 |
2.2. | Chairman; Records | 3 |
ARTICLE III OFFICERS | 3 |
3.1. | Officers of the Trust | 3 |
3.2. | Election and Tenure | 4 |
3.3. | Removal and Resignation of Officers | 4 |
3.4. | Bonds and Surety | 4 |
3.5. | Chief Executive Officer and Vice Presidents | 4 |
3.6. | Secretary | 5 |
3.7. | Chief Financial Officer | 5 |
3.8. | Chief Compliance Officer | 5 |
3.9. | Other Officers and Duties | 5 |
ARTICLE IV MISCELLANEOUS | 6 |
4.1. | Depositories | 6 |
4.2. | Signatures | 6 |
4.3. | Seal | 6 |
ARTICLE V SHARE TRANSFERS | 6 |
5.1. | Transfer Agents, Registrars and the Like | 6 |
5.2. | Transfer of Shares | 6 |
5.3. | Registered Shareholders | 6 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
ARTICLE VI CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITIONS | 7 |
6.1. | Definitions | 7 |
6.2. | Delivery of Control Share Acquisition Statement | 9 |
6.3. | Meeting of Shareholders | 10 |
6.4. | Authorization of Voting Rights | 11 |
6.5. | No Appraisal Rights | 12 |
6.6. | Persons Required to Provide Information | 12 |
6.7. | Interpretation | 12 |
6.8. | Amendment | 12 |
ARTICLE VII AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS | 13 |
7.1. | Amendment and Repeal of Bylaws | 13 |
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EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
BYLAWS
These Bylaws are made and adopted pursuant to Section 3.8 of the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the “Trust”), dated as of January 25, 2022, as from time to time amended (the “Declaration”). All words and terms capitalized in these Bylaws shall have the meaning or meanings set forth for such words or terms in the Declaration.
ARTICLE I
SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS
1.1. Chairman. The Chairman of the Board of Trustees, if any, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the shareholders of the Trust (“Shareholders”); in the Chairman’s absence, the Trustee or Trustees present at each meeting may elect a temporary chairman for the meeting, who may be one of themselves.
1.2. Proxies; Voting. Shareholders may vote either in person or by duly executed proxy and each full Share represented at the meeting shall have one vote and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a vote of such fraction, all as provided in Article X of the Declaration.
1.3. Notice of Meeting and Fixing Record Dates. Notice of all meetings of Shareholders, stating the time, place (including that the meeting will be held by remote communication, as applicable) and purposes of the meeting, shall be sent or otherwise given to each Shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat at its registered address, not less than ten (10) nor more than one hundred and twenty (120) days before the date of the meeting. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders who are entitled to notice of or to vote or act at any meeting, including any adjournment thereof, or who are entitled to participate in any dividends, or for any other proper purpose, the Trustees may from time to time, without closing the transfer books, fix a record date in the manner provided in Section 10.3 of the Declaration. If the Trustees do not prior to any meeting of Shareholders so fix a record date or close the transfer books, then the date of mailing of notice of the meeting or the date upon which the dividend resolution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date. Notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be deemed waived by any Shareholder who attends the meeting in person or by proxy or who before or after the meeting submits a signed waiver of notice that is filed with the records of the meeting.
1.4. Inspectors of Election. In advance of any meeting of Shareholders, the Trustees may appoint Inspectors of Election to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If Inspectors of Election are not so appointed, the person acting as chairman at any meeting of Shareholders may, and on the request of any Shareholder or Shareholder proxy shall, appoint Inspectors of Election of the meeting. The number of Inspectors of Election shall be either one or three. If appointed at the meeting on the request of one or more Shareholders or proxies, a majority of the Trust’s shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) present shall determine whether one or three Inspectors of Election are to be appointed, but failure to allow such determination by the Shareholders shall not affect the validity of the appointment of Inspectors of Election. In case any person appointed as Inspector of Election fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Trustees in advance of the convening of the meeting or at the meeting by the person acting as chairman. The Inspectors of Election shall determine the number of Shares outstanding, the Shares represented at the meeting and the voting power of each Share, the existence of a quorum, the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies, shall receive votes, ballots or consents, shall hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote, shall count and tabulate all votes or consents, determine the results, and do such other acts as may be proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all Shareholders. If there are three Inspectors of Election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority is effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of all. On request of the person acting as chairman of the meeting, or of any Shareholder or Shareholder proxy, the Inspectors of Election shall make a report in writing of any challenge or question or matter determined by them and shall execute a certificate of any facts found by them.
1.5. Records at Shareholder Meetings. At each meeting of the Shareholders, there shall be made available for inspection at a convenient time and place during normal business hours, if requested by Shareholders, the minutes of the last previous meeting of Shareholders of the Trust and a list of the Shareholders of the Trust, as of the record date of the meeting or the date of closing of transfer books, as the case may be. Such list of Shareholders shall contain the name and the address of each Shareholder in alphabetical order and the number of Shares owned by such Shareholder. Shareholders shall have such other rights and procedures of inspection of the books and records of the Trust as are granted to stockholders of a Delaware business corporation.
1.6. Postponement, Adjournment and Change of Place of Meetings. Prior to the date upon which any meeting of Shareholders is to be held, the Board of Trustees may, in its sole discretion, which may be delegated to the officers of the Trust, postpone or change the place of such meeting (including by specifying that the meeting will be held by remote communication) one or more times for any reason by giving notice to each Shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting so postponed or changed of the place (including that the meeting will be held by remote communication, as applicable), date and hour at which such meeting will be held. Such notice shall be given not fewer than two (2) days before the date of such meeting and otherwise in accordance with Section 1.3. Any Shareholders’ meeting may be adjourned by the chairman of the meeting one or more times for any reason, including the failure of a quorum to be present at the meeting with respect to any proposal or the failure of any proposal to receive sufficient votes for approval. No Shareholder vote shall be required for any adjournment. A Shareholders’ meeting may be adjourned by the chairman of the meeting as to one or more proposals regardless of whether action has been taken on other matters. No notice of adjournment of a meeting to another time or place need be given to Shareholders if such time and place are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken or notice is given to persons present at the meeting. Any adjourned meeting may be held at such time and place (including that the meeting will be held by remote communication, as applicable) as determined by the Board of Trustees or by the chairman of the meeting or the officers of the Trust or other authorized persons pursuant to delegated authority from the Trustees in the sole discretion of such Trustees, chairman, officers or authorized persons and announced at the meeting. Any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting may be transacted at any adjourned meeting. If, after a postponement or adjournment, a new record date is fixed for the postponed or adjourned meeting, the Secretary shall give notice of the postponed or adjourned meeting to Shareholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If a quorum is present with respect to any one or more proposals, the chairman of the meeting may, but shall not be required to, cause a vote to be taken with respect to any such proposal or proposals which vote can be certified as final and effective notwithstanding the adjournment of the meeting with respect to any other proposal or proposals.
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1.7. Meetings by Remote Communication. The Trustees may, in their sole discretion, determine that a meeting of Shareholders may be held solely by means of remote communication. If authorized by the Trustees, in their sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Trustees may adopt, Shareholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of Shareholders may, by means of remote communication: (a) participate in a meeting of Shareholders; and (b) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of Shareholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that: (i) the Trust shall implement such measures as the Trustees deem to be reasonable (A) to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a Shareholder or proxyholder; and (B) to provide such Shareholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the Shareholders; and (ii) if any Shareholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Trust.
ARTICLE II
TRUSTEES
2.1. Annual and Regular Meetings. Meetings of the Trustees shall be held from time to time upon the call of the Chairman, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary or any three Trustees. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice and shall generally be held quarterly. Except as may be required by applicable law, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of Trustees need be stated in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting, and no notice need be given of action proposed to be taken by unanimous written consent.
2.2. Chairman; Records. The Chairman, if any, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the Trustees; in the absence of a Chairman, the Trustees present shall elect one Trustee to act as chairman of the meeting. The results of all actions taken at a meeting of the Trustees, or by unanimous written consent of the Trustees, shall be recorded by the Secretary or such other person as the Board of Trustees or Secretary may from time to time designate.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
3.1. Officers of the Trust. The officers of the Trust shall consist of a Principal Executive Officer, a Chief Executive Officer, a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer, a Principal Accounting Officer, a Chief Operating Officer and a Chief Compliance Officer and may also include such other officers or assistant officers as may be elected or authorized by the Trustees. Any two or more of the offices may be held by the same person, except that the same person may not be both Chief Executive Officer and Secretary. No officer of the Trust need be a Trustee.
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3.2. Election and Tenure. At the initial organization meeting, the Trustees shall elect the Principal Executive Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary, Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Compliance Officer and such other officers as the Trustees shall deem necessary or appropriate in order to carry out the business of the Trust. Such officers shall serve at the pleasure of the Trustees or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. The Trustees may fill any vacancy in office or add any additional officers at any time.
3.3. Removal and Resignation of Officers. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by action of a majority of the Trustees. This provision shall not prevent the making of a contract of employment for a definite term with any officer and shall have no effect upon any cause of action which any officer may have as a result of removal in breach of a contract of employment. Any officer may resign at any time by notice in writing signed by such officer and delivered or mailed to the Chairman, if any, Chief Executive Officer or Secretary, and such resignation shall take effect immediately upon receipt by the Chairman, if any, Chief Executive Officer or Secretary, or at a later date according to the terms of such notice in writing.
3.4. Bonds and Surety. Any officer may be required by the Trustees to be bonded for the faithful performance of such officer’s duties in such amount and with such sureties as the Trustees may determine.
3.5. Chief Executive Officer and Vice Presidents. The Chief Executive Officer shall be a principal executive officer of the Trust and, subject to the control of the Trustees, shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business of the Trust and of its employees and shall exercise such general powers of management as are usually vested in the office of Chief Executive Officer of a corporation. Subject to direction of the Trustees, the Chief Executive Officer shall have power in the name and on behalf of the Trust to execute any and all loans, documents, contracts, agreements, deeds, mortgages, registration statements, applications, requests, filings and other instruments in writing, and to employ and discharge employees and agents of the Trust. Unless otherwise directed by the Trustees, the Chief Executive Officer shall have full authority and power, on behalf of all of the Trustees, to attend and to act and to vote, on behalf of the Trust at any meetings of business organizations in which the Trust holds an interest, or to confer such powers upon any other persons, by executing any proxies duly authorizing such persons. The Chief Executive Officer shall have such further authorities and duties as the Trustees shall from time to time determine. In the absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer, the Vice-Presidents in order of their rank as fixed by the Trustees or, if more than one and not ranked, the Vice-President designated by the Trustees, shall perform all of the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all of the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer. Subject to the direction of the Trustees, and of the Chief Executive Officer, each Vice-President shall have the power in the name and on behalf of the Trust to execute any and all instruments in writing, and, in addition, shall have such other duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the Chief Executive Officer.
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3.6. Secretary. The Secretary shall maintain the minutes of all meetings of, and record all votes of, Shareholders, Trustees and any committee of the Trustees. The Secretary shall be custodian of the seal of the Trust, if any, and the Secretary (and any other person so authorized by the Trustees) shall affix the seal, or if permitted, facsimile thereof, to any instrument executed by the Trust which would be sealed by a Delaware business corporation executing the same or a similar instrument and shall attest the seal and the signature or signatures of the officer or officers executing such instrument on behalf of the Trust. The Secretary shall also perform any other duties commonly incident to such office in a Delaware business corporation, and shall have such other authorities and duties as the Trustees shall from time to time determine.
3.7. Chief Financial Officer. Except as otherwise directed by the Trustees, the Chief Financial Officer shall be responsible for the general supervision of the monies, funds, securities, notes receivable and other valuable papers and documents of the Trust, and shall have and exercise, under the supervision of the Trustees and the Chief Executive Officer, all powers and duties normally incident to the office in a Delaware business corporation. The Chief Financial Officer may endorse for deposit or collection all notes, checks and other instruments payable to the Trust or to its order. The Chief Financial Officer shall deposit all funds of the Trust in such depositories as the Trustees shall designate. The Chief Financial Officer shall be responsible for such disbursement of the funds of the Trust as may be ordered by the Trustees or the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep accurate account of the books of the Trust’s transactions which shall be the property of the Trust, and which together with all other property of the Trust in the Chief Financial Officer’s possession, shall be subject at all times to the inspection and control of the Trustees. The Chief Financial Officer shall have such other duties and authorities as the Trustees shall from time to time determine. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, the Trustees may authorize any adviser, administrator, manager or transfer agent to maintain bank accounts and deposit and disburse funds of any class of securities of the Trust on behalf of such class.
3.8. Chief Compliance Officer. The Trustees shall designate a Chief Compliance Officer to the extent required by, and consistent with the requirements of, the 1940 Act. The Chief Compliance Officer, subject to the direction of and reporting to the Board of Trustees, shall be responsible for the oversight of the Trust’s compliance with the Federal securities laws and other applicable regulatory requirements. The designation, compensation and removal of the Chief Compliance Officer must be approved by the Trustees, including a majority of the trustees who are not Interested Persons of the Trust. The Chief Compliance Officer shall perform such executive, supervisory and management functions and duties as the Trustees may assign to him or her from time to time.
3.9. Other Officers and Duties. The Trustees may elect such other officers and assistant officers as they shall from time to time determine to be necessary or desirable in order to conduct the business of the Trust. Assistant officers shall act generally in the absence of the officer whom they assist and shall assist that officer in the duties of the office. Each officer, employee and agent of the Trust shall have such other duties and authority as may be conferred upon such person by the Trustees or delegated to such person by the Chief Executive Officer.
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ARTICLE IV
MISCELLANEOUS
4.1. Depositories. In accordance with Section 8.1 of the Declaration, the funds of the Trust shall be deposited in such custodians as the Trustees shall designate and shall be drawn out on checks, drafts or other orders signed by such officer, officers, agent or agents (including the adviser, administrator or manager), as the Trustees may from time to time authorize.
4.2. Signatures. All contracts and other instruments shall be executed on behalf of the Trust by its properly authorized officers, agent or agents, as provided in the Declaration or these Bylaws or as the Trustees may provide from time to time by resolution.
4.3. Seal. The Trust is not required to have any seal, and the adoption or use of a seal shall be purely ornamental and be of no legal effect. The seal, if any, of the Trust may be affixed to any instrument, and the seal and its attestation may be lithographed, engraved or otherwise printed on any document with the same force and effect as if it had been imprinted and affixed manually in the same manner and with the same force and effect as if done by a Delaware business corporation. The presence or absence of a seal shall have no effect on the validity, enforceability or binding nature of any document or instrument that is otherwise duly authorized, executed and delivered.
ARTICLE V
SHARE TRANSFERS
5.1. Transfer Agents, Registrars and the Like. As provided in Section 6.8 of the Declaration, the Trustees shall have authority to employ and compensate such transfer agents and registrars with respect to the Shares as the Trustees shall deem necessary or desirable. In addition, the Trustees shall have power to employ and compensate such dividend disbursing agents, warrant agents and agents for the reinvestment of dividends as they shall deem necessary or desirable. Any of such agents shall have such power and authority as is delegated to any of them by the Trustees.
5.2. Transfer of Shares. The Shares shall be subject to the limitations on transfer as provided in Section 6.9 of the Declaration. The Trust, or its transfer agents, shall be authorized to refuse any transfer unless and until presentation of proper evidence as may be reasonably required to show that the requested transfer is proper.
5.3. Registered Shareholders. The Trust may deem and treat the holder of record of any Shares as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes and shall not be required to take any notice of any right or claim of right of any other person.
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ARTICLE VI
CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITIONS
6.1. Definitions. As used in this Article VI, the following terms have the meanings specified below:
(a) “Associate” shall mean, with respect to any Person (as defined below), (i) any Person who directly or indirectly controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person, “control,” as used in this subsection meaning the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; (ii) any Person who is acting or intends to act jointly or in concert with such Person in connection with a Control Share Acquisition (as defined below); (iii) any corporation or organization of which such Person is an officer, director or partner or in which such Person performs a similar function; (iv) any direct or indirect beneficial owner of ten percent (10%) or more of any class of equity securities of such Person; (v) any trust or estate in which such Person has a beneficial interest not represented by transferable shares or as to which such Person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity; and (vi) any relative or spouse of such Person, or any relative of such spouse, any one of whom has the same residence as such Person.
(b) “Beneficial ownership” shall mean the sole or shared power to dispose or direct the disposition of Shares or the sole or shared power to vote or to direct the voting of Shares, whether such power is direct or indirect or through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise. A Person shall not be deemed to be a beneficial owner of Shares as to which such Person may exercise voting power solely by virtue of a revocable proxy conferring the right to vote. A member of a national securities exchange shall not be deemed to be a beneficial owner of Shares held directly or indirectly by it on behalf of another Person solely because such member is the record holder of such securities and, pursuant to the rules of such exchange, may direct the vote of such shares, without instruction, on other than contested matters or matters that may affect substantially the rights or privileges of the holders of the Shares to be voted but is otherwise precluded by the rules of such exchange from voting without instructions.
(c) (1) “Control Share Acquisition” shall mean the acquisition by any Person of Beneficial Ownership of Shares which, but for the provisions of this Article VI, would have voting rights and which, when added to all other Shares beneficially owned by such Person (including Shares otherwise included in the categories enumerated in Section 6.1(c)(3) of this Article VI below), would entitle such Person, upon acquisition of such Shares, to vote or direct the voting of Shares having voting power in the election of Trustees (except for any elections of Trustees by holders of preferred shares voting as a separate class) within any of the following ranges of such voting power:
(i) | one-tenth or more but less than one-third of all voting power; |
(ii) | one-third or more but less than a majority of all voting power; or |
(iii) | a majority or more of all voting power. |
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(2) All Shares the Beneficial Ownership of which is acquired by such Person within ninety days before or after the date on which such Person makes an acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of Shares which results in such Control Share Acquisition, and all Shares acquired by such Person pursuant to a plan to make a Control Share Acquisition, shall be deemed to have been acquired in the same Control Share Acquisition for purposes of this Article VI.
(3) Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1(c)(2) of this Article VI, a Control Share Acquisition shall not include the acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of Shares acquired:
(i) by a sole initial shareholder prior to the Trust’s commencement of investment operations;
(ii) by will or pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution;
(iii) pursuant to the satisfaction of a pledge or other security interest created in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing the provisions of this Article VI;
(iv) pursuant to a tender offer, merger or consolidation, but only if such tender offer, merger or consolidation is pursuant to an agreement of merger or consolidation to which the Trust is a party; and
(v) directly from the Trust or a wholly-owned subsidiary thereof.
(4) The acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of Shares does not constitute a Control Share Acquisition if the acquisition is made by or from:
(i) a Person whose voting rights with respect to Shares were previously authorized by the Shareholders of the Trust in compliance with this Article VI, unless such acquisition, when added to all other Shares beneficially owned by the Person making such acquisition, would entitle such acquiring Person to vote or direct the voting of Shares having voting power in the election of Trustees in excess of the range of voting power within which all Shares beneficially owned by such Person whose voting rights were previously so authorized had voting power immediately following such authorization; or
(ii) a Person whose previous acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of Shares would have constituted a Control Share Acquisition but for the provisions of Section 6.1(c)(3) of this Article VI, unless such later acquisition, when added to all other Shares beneficially owned by the Person making such acquisition, would entitle such acquiring Person to vote or direct the voting of Shares having voting power in the election of Trustees in excess of the range of voting power within which the Person who made such previous acquisition could exercise voting power immediately following such previous acquisition.
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(d) “Control Share Acquisition Statement” shall mean a statement satisfying the requirements of Section 6.2 of this Article VI below.
(e) “Interested Shares” shall mean Shares that are beneficially owned by:
(1) any Person who has acquired Beneficial Ownership of Shares in a Control Share Acquisition;
(2) any officer of the Trust; or
(3) any Trustee of the Trust who is an Interested Person of the Trust.
For the avoidance of doubt, any Person whose voting rights in connection with a Control Share Acquisition are subject to a Shareholder vote at a meeting of Shareholders pursuant to Section 6.3 of this Article VI shall be deemed to hold Interested Shares with respect to any Shareholder vote at such meeting on voting rights in connection with a Control Share Acquisition by any other Person.
(f) “Person” shall mean and include individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, associations, joint ventures and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof and any Associate of such Person.
6.2. Delivery of Control Share Acquisition Statement. Any Person who has made a Control Share Acquisition or has made a bona fide written offer to make a Control Share Acquisition may deliver to the Trust, personally or by registered or certified mail at its principal executive office, a Control Share Acquisition Statement which shall contain the following: the identity of such Person and any Associate of such Person who intends to acquire or has acquired Beneficial Ownership of Shares;
(a) a statement that such Control Share Acquisition Statement is being made and delivered pursuant to the provisions of this Article VI;
(b) the number and class or series of Shares of the Trust beneficially owned by such Person and each Associate of such Person prior to the Control Share Acquisition;
(c) the number and class or series of Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired by such Person pursuant to the Control Share Acquisition and the range of voting power to which the Control Share Acquisition is or, if consummated, would be subject pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.1(c)(2) of this Article VI; and
(d) a description of the terms and conditions of the proposed or completed Control Share Acquisition, including but not limited to the prices paid by such Person in the Control Share Acquisition and the dates upon which the Shares were acquired.
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6.3. Meeting of Shareholders.
(a) If the Person delivering the Control Share Acquisition Statement so demands in writing contemporaneously with the delivery of such Control Share Acquisition Statement, the Trustees, within ten (10) days after the receipt of the demand, shall call a special meeting of Shareholders for the purpose of considering whether voting rights of such Person shall be authorized for the Shares acquired or to be acquired in the Control Share Acquisition. The demand shall not be effective unless accompanied by an undertaking by such Person to pay the Trust’s reasonable expenses in connection with the special meeting but not including the expenses of the Trust incurred in opposing a vote to authorize voting rights of such Person for the Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired in the Control Share Acquisition. The Trustees may require the Person making the demand to give bond, with sufficient surety, or may require such Person to deposit cash in escrow to reasonably assure the Trust that this undertaking will be satisfied. As promptly as reasonably practicable after the Trustees have called the special meeting of Shareholders, the Trust shall give written notice of the special meeting to Shareholders. Such notice shall be given not less than twenty (20) days before the date of the special meeting. Unless the Person delivering the Control Share Acquisition Statement and the Trust shall agree in writing to a later date, the special meeting of Shareholders shall be held not more than fifty (50) days after the receipt by the Trust of the demand. If the Person delivering the Control Share Acquisition Statement so requests in the demand, the special meeting of Shareholders shall be held no sooner than thirty (30) days after receipt by the Trust of the demand.
(1) A demand delivered pursuant to Section 6.3(a) of this Article VI shall not be considered a notice of Shareholder proposal for purposes of the Declaration or any other Article of these By-Laws and shall not be subject to the informational requirements or deadlines associated therewith and shall not be considered a special meeting request for purposes of the Declaration or any other Article of these By-Laws and shall not be subject to the informational requirements or deadlines associated therewith.
(2) For the avoidance of doubt, a demand delivered pursuant to this Section 6.3(a) of this Article VI shall be limited to the consideration of the voting rights of the Person making or proposing to make the Control Share Acquisition to be authorized for only those Shares acquired within the range of voting power to which the Control Share Acquisition is subject pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.1(c)(1) of this Article VI, and any Shares acquired in excess of such range shall constitute a separate Control Share Acquisition with respect to the next range of voting power and, therefore, shall be treated separately for purposes of applying the provisions of this Article VI.
(b) If no demand respecting a special meeting of Shareholders is made in accordance with Section 6.3(a) of this Article VI, consideration of the authorization of the voting rights of the Person making or proposing to make the Control Share Acquisition for the Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired in the Control Share Acquisition may, in the sole discretion of the Board of Trustees, be presented at any meeting of Shareholders notice of which has not been given prior to the receipt by the Trust of the Control Share Acquisition Statement. The Trust shall provide the Person making or proposing to make the Control Share Acquisition for the Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired in the Control Share Acquisition with written notice of the proposal not less than twenty (20) days before the date on which notice of such meeting is given.
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(c) The notice to Shareholders of any annual or special meeting at which the authorization of voting rights of the Person making or proposing to make the Control Share Acquisition for the Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired in the Control Share Acquisition is to be considered shall be directed to all Shareholders as of the record date set for such meeting. Such notice shall include or be accompanied by a copy of the Control Share Acquisition Statement received by the Trust pursuant to this Section 6.3 of this Article VI and such other information as the Trust deems appropriate.
(d) A Person whose voting rights with respect to Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired in a Control Share Acquisition are considered at a meeting of Shareholders with respect to one of the three ranges of voting power specified in Section 6.1(c)(1) of this Article VI above and not approved may not demand Shareholder consideration of its voting rights in connection with Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired in a Control Share Acquisition with respect to the same range of voting power at any subsequent Shareholder meeting held within two calendar years of the initial meeting at which such Person’s voting rights were considered with respect to such range. For the avoidance of doubt, such Person shall not have voting rights with respect to such Shares acquired in such Control Share Acquisition except to the extent approved at a future meeting held after the expiration of such two-year period and, after the expiration of such two-year period, such Person may deliver a Control Share Acquisition Statement (in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Article VI above) with respect to such Shares (and/or any other Shares acquired or proposed to be acquired in a Control Share Acquisition with respect to the same range of voting power) and may demand Shareholder consideration of the voting rights to be authorized for such Person with respect to such Shares (in accordance with Section 6.3(a) of this Article VI above).
6.4. Authorization of Voting Rights.
(a) The beneficial owner of Shares of the Trust acquired in any Control Share Acquisition shall have only such voting rights with respect to such Shares as are authorized pursuant to this Section 6.4 of Article VI.
(b) The beneficial owner of Shares acquired in a Control Share Acquisition shall have the same voting rights with respect to those Shares as the beneficial owners of all other Shares of the Trust only to the extent authorized by vote of Shareholders at a meeting of Shareholders. Such authorization shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of all of the Shares entitled to vote on this matter, excluding Interested Shares. Interested Shares shall be disregarded for determining a quorum and shall not be entitled to vote with respect to such authorization.
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(c) If voting rights of the beneficial owners of Shares acquired in a Control Share Acquisition are not authorized pursuant to Section 6.4(b) of this Article VI:
(1) such beneficial owner shall not be “entitled to vote” such Shares and such Shares held by such beneficial owner shall not be “entitled to vote” on any matters within the meaning of Article X of the Declaration and Article I of these By-Laws;
(2) such beneficial owner shall be entitled to vote such Shares in connection with any matter with respect to which the Declaration requires action by or approval or affirmative vote of a percentage of outstanding Shares; provided that action or approval with respect to any such matter shall also require the action by or approval or affirmative vote of the same percentage of the outstanding Shares, excluding such Shares held by such beneficial owner, which Shares for the purpose of such vote such beneficial owner shall not be entitled to vote and shall not be considered “outstanding;”
(3) the beneficial owner of such Shares shall not otherwise have voting rights with respect to such Shares with respect to any matter pursuant to the Declaration or these By-Laws; and
(4) if such Shares held by such beneficial owner shall not be entitled to vote on a matter pursuant to this Section 6.4(c) of Article VI, such Shares shall not be considered “present” or “entitled to vote” for purposes of determining quorum pursuant to Article X of the Declaration and Article I of these By-Laws.
(d) Such Shares may be voted upon transfer of Beneficial Ownership of such Shares to another Person unless such transfer constitutes a Control Share Acquisition by the acquirer, in which event the ability of the acquirer to vote such Shares shall be subject to the provisions of this Article VI.
6.5. No Appraisal Rights. No holder of Shares of any class or series shall have appraisal rights with respect to their Shares as a result of any Control Share Acquisition or the authorization of voting rights with respect to any Control Share Acquisition.
6.6. Persons Required to Provide Information. Each Person who owns Shares of the Trust either beneficially or of record shall provide to the Trust such information as the Trust may request as is necessary for the Trust to apply the provisions in this Article VI.
6.7. Interpretation. The Trustees may adopt policies, procedures or resolutions to supply any omission, cure any ambiguity or correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provisions contained in this Article VI. Any interpretation of any term or provision contained in this Article VI made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive and binding upon all Shareholders.
6.8. Amendment. Except pursuant to Section 6.7 of this Article VI, any waiver, amendment, repeal or modification of, or adoption of any provision inconsistent with, this Article VI (or any provision hereof) shall not waive, amend, repeal or modify the application of this Article VI to any Control Share Acquisition that occurred prior to the time of such waiver, amendment, repeal, modification or adoption.
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ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
7.1. Amendment and Repeal of Bylaws. In accordance with Section 3.8 of the Declaration, the Trustees shall have the exclusive power to amend or repeal these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws at any time. Action by the Trustees with respect to the Bylaws shall be taken by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees. The Trustees shall in no event adopt Bylaws which are in conflict with the Declaration, and any apparent inconsistency shall be construed in favor of the related provisions in the Declaration.
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Exhibit (e)
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
Introduction
This Distribution Reinvestment Plan (“Plan”) for Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the “Fund”) permits a holder of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest (each, a “Common Share” and, collectively “Common Shares”) to elect to participate in the Plan (i.e., “opt-in”) (each, a “Participant” and collectively, “Participants”). For any Participant, dividends and/or distributions on such Shareholder’s Common Shares will be reinvested by UMB Fund Services (“Dividend Disbursing Agent”), as agent for Shareholders in administering the Plan, in additional Common Shares, as set forth below. Participation in the Plan is completely voluntary, and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by notice if received and processed by the Dividend Disbursing Agent prior to the dividend record rate; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution. Some brokers may automatically elect to receive cash on a Shareholder’s behalf and may re-invest that cash in additional Common Shares. If a Shareholder wishes for all dividends declared on its Common Shares to be automatically reinvested pursuant to the Plan, such Shareholder should complete and submit the opt-in Plan request form.
Plan Details
1. The Dividend Disbursing Agent will reinvest Common Shares into the account of each Participant in the Plan in the same name in which such Participant is registered. Whenever the Fund declares a dividend or other distribution (together, a “Dividend”) payable in cash, non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and Participants will receive the equivalent in Common Shares. The Common Shares will be acquired by the Dividend Disbursing Agent for the Participants' accounts through receipt of additional unissued but authorized Common Shares from the Fund (“Newly Issued Common Shares”). Participants may elect to reinvest Dividends in Common Shares or receive Dividends in cash.
2. Newly Issued Common Shares will be issued at their net asset value (“NAV”) determined on the valuation date fixed by the Board of Trustees of Fund for such distribution. It is contemplated that the Fund will pay monthly dividends. No upfront sales load will be payable with respect to Common Shares purchased pursuant to the Plan. Participants in the Plan may purchase fractional Common Shares so that 100% of the Dividends will be used to acquire Common Shares.
3. The Dividend Disbursing Agent maintains all Participants’ accounts in the Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by Participants for tax records. Common Shares in the account of each Participant will be held by the Dividend Disbursing Agent on behalf of the Participant, and each shareholder proxy will include those shares purchased or received pursuant to the Plan.
4. In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Dividend Disbursing Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified from time to time by the record shareholder’s name and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Plan.
5. There will be no charges with respect to Common Shares issued directly by the Fund. The automatic reinvestment of Dividends will not relieve Participants of any Federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such dividends.
6. The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan. There is no direct service charge to Participants with regard to purchases in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the Participants.
7. All correspondence or questions concerning the Plan should be directed to the Dividend Disbursing Agent. Opt-in and opt-out forms will be provided by the Dividend Disbursing Agent or the Fund.
Exhibit (g)
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
This Investment Advisory Agreement is hereby made as of the 11th day of February, 2022 (the “Agreement”), between Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (together with the successors thereto, the “Fund”), and Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Adviser”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Fund is a newly formed statutory trust that intends to operate as a closed-end management investment company;
WHEREAS, the Fund filed a registration statement on Form N-2 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on December 1, 2021 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) to register its shares of beneficial interest (the “Shares”), for issuance in a public offering (the “Offering”);
WHEREAS, the Adviser is engaged in rendering investment advisory services and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”); and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain the Adviser to provide investment advisory services to the Fund, and the Adviser is willing to provide or procure such services, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, mutually agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
APPOINTMENT
The Fund hereby appoints the Adviser to act as investment adviser to the Fund for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement. The Adviser hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to provide the advisory services herein described, for the compensation herein provided.
ARTICLE II
SERVICES OF THE ADVISER
1. Advisory Duties of the Adviser. Subject to the supervision of the board of trustees of the Fund (the “Board of Trustees”), the Adviser shall act as the investment adviser to the Fund and shall manage the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the Fund (a) in accordance with the investment objective, policies and restrictions that are set forth in the Fund’s filings with the SEC, as the same may be amended from time to time, (b) in accordance with the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act and all other applicable federal and state law, and (c) in accordance with the Fund’s certificate of trust, amended and restated declaration of trust and bylaws (collectively, the “organizational documents”), each as amended or restated from time to time. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Adviser shall, during the term and subject to the provisions of this Agreement, (i) determine the composition of the portfolio of the Fund, the nature and timing of the changes therein and the manner of implementing such changes; (ii) identify, evaluate and negotiate the structure of the investments made by the Fund (including performing due diligence on prospective investments); (iii) execute, close, service and monitor the Fund’s investments; (iv) determine the securities and other assets that the Fund will purchase, retain or sell; and (v) provide the Fund with such other investment advisory, research and related services as the Fund may, from time to time, reasonably require for the investment of its funds. The Adviser shall have the power and authority on behalf of the Fund to effectuate its investment decisions for the Fund, including the execution and delivery of all documents relating to the Fund’s investments and the placement of orders for other purchase or sale transactions on behalf of the Fund, subject to the oversight and approval of the Board of Trustees. In the event that the Fund determines to acquire debt financing or to refinance existing debt financing, the Adviser shall arrange for such financing on the Fund’s behalf, subject to the oversight and approval of the Board of Trustees. If it is necessary or convenient for the Adviser to make investments on behalf of the Fund through a subsidiary or special purpose vehicle or otherwise form such subsidiary or special purpose vehicle, the Adviser shall have authority to create or arrange for the creation of such subsidiary or special purpose vehicle, and to make such investments through such subsidiary or special purpose vehicle, in accordance with the 1940 Act.
2. Subadvisers. Subject to the prior approval of a majority of the members of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Board of Trustees who are not “interested persons” and, to the extent required by applicable law, by the shareholders of the Fund, the Adviser may, through a subadvisory agreement or other arrangement, delegate to a subadviser any of the duties enumerated in this Agreement, including the management of all or a portion of the assets being managed hereby. Subject to the prior approval of a majority of the members of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the members of the Board of Trustees who are not “interested persons” and, to the extent required by applicable law, by the shareholders of the Fund, the Adviser may adjust such duties, the portion of assets being managed, and the fees to be paid by the Adviser; provided that, in each case, the Adviser shall continue to oversee the services provided by such company or employees and any such delegation shall not relieve the Adviser of any of its obligations hereunder.
3. Books and Records. The Adviser agrees to maintain, in the form and for the period required by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act or such longer period as the Fund may direct, all records relating to the services rendered by the Adviser under this Agreement and the Fund’s investments made by the Adviser as are required by Section 31 under the 1940 Act, and rules and regulations thereunder, and by other applicable legal provisions, including the Advisers Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Commodities Exchange Act, and the respective rules and regulations thereunder, and the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures, and to preserve such records for the periods and in the manner required by that Section, and those rules, regulations, legal provisions and compliance policies and procedures. In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, any records required to be maintained and preserved pursuant to the provisions of Rule 31a-1 and Rule 31a-2 promulgated under the 1940 Act which are prepared or maintained by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund are the property of the Fund and shall be surrendered promptly to the Fund on request.
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4. Brokerage Commissions. The Adviser is hereby authorized, to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by law, to cause the Fund to pay a member of a national securities exchange, broker or dealer an amount of commission or other compensation for effecting a securities transaction in excess of the amount of commission or other compensation another member of such exchange, broker or dealer would have charged for effecting such transaction if the Adviser determines, in good faith and taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, and operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities, that the amount of such commission or other compensation is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such member, broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or its overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund’s portfolio, and constitutes the best net result for the Fund.
5. Proxy Voting. The Adviser shall be responsible for voting any proxies solicited by an issuer of securities held by the Fund in the best interest of the Fund and in accordance with the Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures, as any such proxy voting policies and procedures may be amended from time to time. The Fund has been provided with a copy of the Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and has been informed as to how it can obtain further information from the Adviser regarding proxy voting activities undertaken on behalf of the Fund. The Adviser shall be responsible for reporting the Fund’s proxy voting activities, as required, through periodic filings on Form N-PX.
6. Advisory Services Not Exclusive. The Adviser’s services to the Fund pursuant to this Agreement are not exclusive, and it is understood that the Adviser may render investment advice, management and services to other persons (including other investment companies) and engage in other activities, so long as its services under this Agreement are not impaired by such other activities. It is understood and agreed that officers or directors of the Adviser are not prohibited from engaging in any other business activity or from rendering services to any other person, or from serving as partners, officers, trustees or directors of any other firm, trust or corporation, including other investment companies. Whenever the Fund and one or more other funds, accounts or investment companies advised by the Adviser have available funds for investment, and the responsibility for the management of all of the assets of the Fund has not been delegated to a subadviser, investments suitable and appropriate for each entity shall be allocated in accordance with procedures believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each entity over time to the extent permitted by applicable law. Similarly, opportunities to sell securities shall be allocated in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each entity over time to the extent permitted by applicable law. The Fund recognizes that in some cases this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position that may be acquired by or disposed of for the Fund.
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ARTICLE III
EXPENSES
1. Expenses Borne by Adviser. All investment professionals of the Adviser and their respective staffs, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services hereunder, and the compensation and routine overhead expenses of such personnel allocable to such services, shall be provided and paid for by the Adviser and not by the Fund.
2. Expenses Borne by the Fund. The Fund shall bear all other costs and expenses of its operations and transactions, including, without limitation, those relating to: (a) the Fund’s organizational expenses; (b) calculating the Fund’s net asset value (including the cost and expenses of any independent valuation firm); (c) debt service and other costs of borrowings or other financing arrangements; (d) fees and expenses, including legal, consulting or other professional fees and expenses and travel expenses, incurred by the Adviser or payable to third parties in performing due diligence on prospective investments and, if necessary, enforcing the Fund’s rights; (e) amounts payable to third parties relating to, or associated with, evaluating, making and disposing of investments; (f) brokerage fees and commissions; (g) federal and state registration fees; (h) any applicable exchange listing fees; (i) federal, state and local taxes; (j) costs of offerings or repurchases of the Shares and other securities, including costs related to the use of one or more dealer managers and/or underwriters; (k) the base management fee and any incentive fee; (l) distributions on the Shares or other securities; (m) administration fees payable to an administrator (the “Administrator”) under an administration agreement (as may be amended or restated from time to time) (the “Administration Agreement”); (n) any fees and expenses relating to transfer agent, custodial, and escrow agent services; (o) independent trustee fees and expenses; (p) the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to the Fund’s shareholders, including printing costs; (q) costs of holding shareholder meetings; (r) litigation, indemnification and other non-recurring or extraordinary expenses; (s) fees and expenses associated with marketing and investor relations efforts; (t) any applicable distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees; (u) dues, fees and charges of any trade association of which the Fund is a member; (v) direct costs and expenses of administration and operation, including printing, mailing, long distance telephone and staff, including fees payable in connection with outsourced administration functions; (w) fees and expenses associated with independent audits and outside legal costs; (x) the Fund’s fidelity bond; (y) trustees and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance, and any other insurance premiums; (z) costs associated with the Fund’s reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws; and (aa) all other expenses reasonably incurred by the Fund or the Administrator in connection with administering the Fund’s business, such as the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions, and the Fund’s allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of the Fund’s chief compliance officer, chief financial officer, chief operating officer and their respective support staff.
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ARTICLE IV
COMPENSATION
Effective commencing on the date that the Fund’s Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, the Fund agrees to pay, and the Adviser agrees to accept, as compensation for the investment advisory and management services provided by the Adviser hereunder, a fee consisting of two components: a base management fee (the “Base Management Fee”) and an incentive fee (the “Incentive Fee”), each as hereinafter set forth. The Fund shall make any payments due hereunder to the Adviser or to the Adviser’s designee as the Adviser may otherwise direct. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Adviser may elect to defer all or a portion of its fees hereunder for a specified period of time.
1. Base Management Fee. The Base Management Fee shall be calculated monthly and payable quarterly in arrears at an annual rate equal to 1.75% of the Fund’s Managed Assets at the end of the most recently completed calendar month, provided, that, if the Fund calculates its net asset value more frequently than monthly, the Base Management Fee shall be calculated on the same frequency as the net asset value is calculated. For this purpose, “Managed Assets” means the Fund’s total assets (including assets attributable to the Fund’s use of leverage) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities incurred for the purpose of creating leverage). The Base Management Fee for any partial calculation period shall be appropriately pro-rated (based on the number of days actually elapsed at the end of such calculation period relative to the total number of days in such calculation period).
2. Incentive Fee. The Incentive Fee shall be payable quarterly in arrears based on the Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income of the Fund or each class of Shares of the Fund (to the extent that the Fund offers multiple classes of Shares) (“Class”), based on such Class’s net asset value relative to the Fund as a whole, for the immediately preceding calendar quarter, subject to a “hurdle” and a “catch up” feature. For this purpose, “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” means (a) interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees, such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees) accrued during the calendar quarter (or, if applicable, a Class’s allocable share of such income), minus (b) the Fund’s operating expenses for the quarter (including the Base Management Fee, expenses payable under the Administration Agreement, any interest expense and/or dividends paid on any issued and outstanding debt or preferred stock and, if applicable, any fees payable for distribution and/or shareholder servicing agreements, but excluding organizational and offering expenses and the Incentive Fee) (or, if applicable, a Class’s allocable share of such operating expenses) after giving application to any reimbursement or recoupment under any expense limitation agreement to which the Fund may be a party, as may be amended from time to time (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”). Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments payment-in-kind interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that the Fund has not yet received in cash. Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not include any realized or unrealized capital gains or realized or unrealized losses.
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of the Fund’s or Class’s, as applicable, net assets at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, shall be compared to a “hurdle rate” of 2.00% (8.00% annualized) of the Fund’s or Class’s, as applicable, net asset value per quarter. The Fund shall pay the Adviser an Incentive Fee with respect to the Fund’s or Class’s, as applicable, Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income in each calendar quarter as follows: (1) no Incentive Fee in any calendar quarter in which the Fund’s or Class’s, as applicable, Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed 2.00% of the Fund’s net asset value; (2) 100% of the Fund’s or Class’s, as applicable, Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.50% of the Fund’s net asset value in any calendar quarter; and (3) 20% of the amount of the Fund’s or Class’s, as applicable, Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds 2.50% of the Fund’s net asset value in any calendar quarter.
3. Effective Date of Fee Calculation. The effective date of this Article IV shall be the date the Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC.
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ARTICLE V
ADDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE FUND
1. Documents. The Fund has delivered, or shall deliver, to the Adviser copies of each of the following documents and shall deliver to it all future amendments and supplements thereto, if any:
(a) The Fund’s certificate of trust, as filed with the Secretary of the State of Delaware;
(b) The Fund’s amended and restated declaration of trust;
(c) The Fund’s by-laws;
(d) Certified resolutions of the Board of Trustees authorizing the appointment of the Adviser and approving the form of this Agreement;
(e) the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC and all amendments thereto;
(f) Notification of Registration of the Fund under the 1940 Act on Form N-8A as filed with the SEC and all amendments thereto; and
(g) The form of Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the Fund pursuant to which the Fund’s Shares are offered for sale to the public.
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ARTICLE VI.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION
To the full extent permitted by applicable law, the Adviser (and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with any such person or entity or with the Adviser) shall not be liable to the Fund for any action taken or omitted to be taken by the Adviser (and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with any such person or entity or with the Adviser) in connection with the performance of any of its duties or obligations under this Agreement or otherwise as an investment adviser of the Fund, except to the extent specified in Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act concerning loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty (as the same is finally determined by judicial proceedings) with respect to the receipt of compensation for services, and the Fund shall indemnify, defend and protect the Adviser (and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with any such person or entity or with the Adviser, each of whom shall be deemed a third party beneficiary hereof) (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) and hold them harmless from and against all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) incurred by the Indemnified Parties in or by reason of any pending, threatened or completed action, suit, investigation or other proceeding (including an action or suit by or in the right of the Fund or its security holders) arising out of or otherwise based upon the performance of any of the Adviser’s duties or obligations under this Agreement or otherwise as an investment adviser of the Fund. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence of this Article VI to the contrary, nothing contained herein shall protect or be deemed to protect the Indemnified Parties against or entitle or be deemed to entitle the Indemnified Parties to indemnification in respect of, any liability to the Fund or its security holders to which the Indemnified Parties would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard in the performance of the Adviser’s duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of the Adviser’s duties and obligations under this Agreement (as the same shall be determined in accordance with the 1940 Act and any interpretations or guidance by the SEC or its staff thereunder). Nothing in this Agreement shall in any way constitute a waiver or limitation by the Fund of any rights or remedies which may not be so limited or waived in accordance with applicable law.
ARTICLE VII.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Covenants of the Adviser. The Adviser hereby covenants that it is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. The Adviser hereby agrees that its activities shall at all times comply in all material respects with all applicable federal and state laws governing its operations and investments.
2. Adviser Personnel. The Adviser shall authorize and permit any of its directors, officers and employees who may be elected or appointed as trustees or officers of the Fund to serve in the capacities in which they are elected or appointed. Services to be furnished by the Adviser under this Agreement may be furnished through the medium of any of such trustees, officers or employees. The Adviser shall make its directors, officers and employees available to attend meetings of the Board of Trustees as may be reasonably requested by the Board of Trustees from time to time. The Adviser shall prepare and provide such reports on the Fund and its operations as may be reasonably requested by the Board of Trustees from time to time.
3. Independent Contractor. Except as otherwise provided herein or authorized by the Board of Trustees from time to time, the Adviser shall for all purposes herein be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall have no authority to act for or represent the Fund in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Fund.
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4. Effectiveness, Duration and Termination. This Agreement shall become effective as of the first date above written. This Agreement shall remain in effect for two years, and thereafter shall continue automatically for successive annual periods; provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (a) the vote of the Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act) and (b) the vote of a majority of the Fund’s trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of any such party, in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
This Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by (x) (i) the Board of Trustees or (ii) a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act), in each case upon not less than 60 days’ written notice or (y) the Adviser upon not less than 90 days’ written notice. This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as such term is defined for purposes of Section 15(a)(4) of the 1940 Act). The provisions of Article VI of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect, and the Adviser shall remain entitled to the benefits thereof, notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement. Further, notwithstanding the termination or expiration of this Agreement as aforesaid, the Adviser shall be entitled to any amounts owed under Article IV through the date of termination or expiration, and Article VI shall continue in force and effect and apply to the Indemnified Parties as and to the extent applicable.
5. Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by mutual consent, but the consent of the Fund must be obtained in accordance with the 1940 Act, including, if applicable, pursuant to a vote of the Board of Trustees, the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act), or the vote of a majority of the Fund’s trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of any such party.
6. Notice. Any notice or other communication required to be given pursuant to this Agreement shall be given in writing, addressed and delivered or mailed to the other party at its principal office.
8. Entire Agreement; Governing Law. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and arrangements with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York and the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. To the extent the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.
Eagle point Institutional Income Fund | ||
By: | /s/ Thomas P. Majewski | |
Name: | Thomas P. Majewski | |
Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
EAGLE POINT CREDIT MANAGEMENT LLC | ||
By: | /s/ Thomas P. Majewski | |
Name: | Thomas P. Majewski | |
Title: | Managing Partner |
[Signature Page to Investment Advisory Agreement of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund]
Exhibit (h)(1)
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
Shares of Beneficial Interest, no par value per share
DEALER MANAGER AGREEMENT
[•], 2022
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company (the “Fund”), has registered for public sale (the “Offering”) shares of beneficial interest, no par value per share, to be issued and sold to the public on a “best efforts” basis (the “Offered Shares”) through WealthForge Securities, LLC, as the managing dealer (the “Dealer Manager”) and the broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries participating in the offering (the “Participating Broker-Dealers”). The Offered Shares will be sold at the offering price, as more fully described in its registration statement on Form N-2 filed by the Fund (File No. 333-261444) (as may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Registration Statement”), which includes the Fund’s prospectus, as amended or supplemented from time to time. Terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, as that term is defined in Section 1.1 below.
The Fund has entered into an investment advisory agreement, dated as of [•] (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”), with Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company registered as an investment adviser (the “Adviser”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Advisers Act”).
The Fund hereby enters into this agreement (this “Agreement”) with the Dealer Manager, as follows:
1. Representations and Warranties of the Fund.
The Fund hereby represents and warrants to the Dealer Manager and each Participating Broker-Dealer with whom the Dealer Manager and the Fund have entered into or will enter into a Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement (the “Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement”) in substantially the form attached as Exhibit A to this Agreement (or such other form as shall be approved in writing by the Fund) that, as of the date hereof and at all times during the Offering (provided that, to the extent such representations and warranties are given only as of a specified date or dates, the Fund only makes such representations and warranties as of such date or dates):
1.1 The Fund has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) the Registration Statement for the registration of the Offered Shares in accordance in all material respects with applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”). As used in this Agreement, the term “Effective Date” means the applicable date upon which the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto is or first became effective; the term “Prospectus” means the prospectus in the form constituting a part of the Registration Statement on the Effective Date, as well as in the form filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424 after the Registration Statement becomes effective, except that the term “Prospectus” shall also include any amendment or supplement thereto; and the term “Filing Date” means the applicable date upon which the initial Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto is filed with the SEC. As of the date hereof, the SEC has not issued any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and no notices have been received by the Fund to the effect that any proceeding for that purpose has been instituted or is pending before or threatened by the SEC under the Securities Act.
1.2 The Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and any further amendments or supplements thereto, will, as of the applicable Effective Date, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations; the Registration Statement does not, and any amendments thereto will not, in each case as of the applicable Effective Date, contain an untrue statement of material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; provided, however, that the Fund makes no warranty or representation with respect to any statement contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Fund by the Dealer Manager or any Participating Broker-Dealer expressly for use in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto.
1.3 The Investment Advisory Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund.
1.4 The Fund is a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with full power and authority to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions contemplated hereby; this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Dealer Manager, is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Fund enforceable against the Fund in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, and by general equitable principles, and except to the extent that the enforceability of the indemnity and/or contribution provisions contained in Section 6 of this Agreement may be limited under applicable securities laws.
1.5 The Fund has qualified to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business, as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, requires such qualification, except where the failure to do so would not have a material adverse effect on the condition or results, financial or otherwise, of operations of the Fund (a “Fund Material Adverse Effect”). The Adviser has qualified to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business, as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, requires such qualification, except where the failure to do so would not have a material adverse effect on the condition or results, financial or otherwise, of operations or cash flows of the Adviser or would materially and adversely affect the regulatory status of the Adviser such that the Adviser would be prevented from carrying out its obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement (an “Adviser Material Adverse Effect” and each of an Adviser Material Adverse Effect and a Fund Material Adverse Effect, as applicable to the Fund or the Adviser, a “Material Adverse Effect”).
1.6 The Offered Shares conform in all material respects to the description of the Offered Shares contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The authorized Offered Shares as of the date hereof are as set forth in the Prospectus under the caption “Description of Capital Structure.” As of the date hereof, all the issued and outstanding Offered Shares of the Fund are fully paid and non-assessable.
1.7 The Fund is not in violation of its declaration of trust or its bylaws and the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the issuance, sale and delivery of the Offered Shares, the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated and compliance with the terms of this Agreement by the Fund will not violate the terms of or constitute a default under: (a) its declaration of trust or bylaws; or (b) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease or other material agreement to which the Fund is a party; or (c) any law, rule or regulation applicable to the Fund; or (d) any writ, injunction or decree of any government, governmental instrumentality or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Fund except, in the cases of clauses (b), (c) and (d), for such violations or defaults that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
1.8 Upon the commencement of the Offering, the Fund will be a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company.
1.9 The terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, including compensation terms, comply in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act.
1.10 The approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement by the board of trustees of the Fund has been made in accordance with the requirements of Section 15 of the Investment Company Act, as may be modified by applicable SEC staff guidance.
1.11 The Fund’s current business operations and investments and contemplated business operations and investments are in compliance in all material respects with the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, except as will not result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect.
1.12 The provisions of the declaration of trust and bylaws of the Fund and the investment objectives, policies and restrictions described in the Prospectus are not inconsistent with the requirements of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder.
1.13 Except as have been obtained or waived, no material consent, approval, authorization or other order of any governmental authority is required in connection with the execution or delivery by the Fund of this Agreement or the issuance and sale by the Fund of the Offered Shares, except (a) registration of the Offered Shares under the Securities Act; (b) any necessary qualification under the securities or blue sky laws of the jurisdictions in which the Offered Shares are being offered by the Dealer Manager and the Participating Broker-Dealers; and (c) any necessary qualification under the conduct rules set forth in the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) rulebook (the “FINRA Rules”).
1.14 There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Fund, threatened against either the Fund or the Adviser at law or in equity or before or by any federal or state commission, regulatory body, or administrative agency or other governmental body, domestic or foreign, which would have a Material Adverse Effect.
1.15 The issuance and sale of the Offered Shares have been duly authorized by the Fund, and, when issued and duly delivered against payment therefor as contemplated by this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, and the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares by the Fund are not subject to preemptive or other similar rights arising by operation of law, under the declaration of trust or bylaws of the Fund or under any agreement to which the Fund is a party or otherwise.
1.16 The Fund has entered into an escrow agreement (the “Escrow Agreement”) with UMB Bank, N.A. as escrow agent (the “Escrow Agent”) and the Dealer Manager, in the form included as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, which provides for the establishment of an escrow account into which subscribers’ funds will be deposited pursuant to the subscription procedures described in Section 14 below (the “Escrow Account”).
1.17 The financial statement of the Fund included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related notes, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund, as of the date specified, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis and in conformity with Regulation S-X of the SEC, except as described in the notes thereto. No additional financial statements are required to be included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
1.18 KPMG LLP, whose report on the financial statement of the Fund included in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, are, and during the period covered by the report included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, were independent registered public accountants as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
1.19 Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, there has not been any event or development which could reasonably be seen as having a Material Adverse Effect.
1.20 There are no contracts or other documents required by the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations to be described in or incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been accurately described in all material respects in the Prospectus or incorporated or filed as required.
1.21 The Fund has, and, to the knowledge of the Fund, all of the Fund’s trustees or officers in their capacities as such have, complied in all material respects with any applicable provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith.
1.22 Neither the Fund nor, to the knowledge of the Fund, any trustee, officer, employee or affiliate of the Fund is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.
2. Representations and Warranties of Dealer Manager.
The Dealer Manager represents and warrants that:
2.1 The Dealer Manager is a duly organized Virginia limited liability company in good standing and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement.
2.2 This Agreement, when executed by Dealer Manager, is duly authorized and is a valid and binding agreement of Dealer Manager, enforceable in accordance with its terms
2.3 The consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement will not result in a breach or violation of any order, rule or regulation directed to Dealer Manager by any court, FINRA or any federal or state regulatory body or administrative agency having jurisdiction over Dealer Manager or its affiliates.
2.4 Dealer Manager is, and during the Term of this Agreement will remain, duly registered as a broker-dealer pursuant to the provisions of the Exchange Act, a member in good standing with FINRA, and a broker or dealer duly registered as a broker-dealer in any state where offers are made by Dealer Manager. Dealer Manager will comply with all applicable laws, regulations, requirements and rules of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, applicable state law and FINRA. Dealer Manager has all required licenses and permits to carry out the Offering as described in this Agreement.
2.5 Dealer Manager is, and during the Term of this Agreement will remain, properly licensed with FINRA to sell the Offered Shares. There is no provision in the Dealer Manager’s FINRA membership agreement that would restrict the ability of the Dealer Manager to carry out the Offering as described in this Agreement.
2.6 Dealer Manager has reasonable grounds to believe, based on information made available to it by the Fund, that all material facts are adequately and accurately disclosed in the Fund’s Registration Statement.
2.7 This Agreement, or any supplement or amendment hereto, may be filed by the Fund with the SEC or FINRA, if such filing should be required, and may be filed with, and may be subject to the approval of any applicable federal and applicable state securities regulatory agencies, if required.
2.8 No agreement will be made by Dealer Manager with any person permitting the resale, repurchase or distribution of the Offered Shares purchased by such person, unless authorized by the Fund.
2.9 Dealer Manager has established and implemented anti-money-laundering compliance programs, in accordance with FINRA Rule 3310 and Section 352 of the Money Laundering Abatement Act and Section 326 of the Patriot Act of 2001.
2.10 As of any applicable date, that none of (i) Dealer Manager, (ii) any general partner or managing member of Dealer Manager, (iii) any director, executive officer, other officer participating in an Offering, general partner or managing member of Dealer Manager or (iv) any person that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of Investors in connection with the sale of securities:
2.10.1 Has been convicted, within 10 years of any applicable date of any felony or misdemeanor that was:
(a) | In connection with the purchase or sale of any security; | |
(b) | Involving the making of any false filing with the SEC or FINRA; or | |
(c) | Arising out of the conduct of the business of an underwriter, broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, investment adviser or paid solicitor of purchasers of securities. | |
2.10.2 Is subject to any order, judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, entered within 5 years before any applicable date, that, as of such applicable date, restrains or enjoins such person from engaging or continuing in any conduct or practice:
(a) | In connection with the purchase or sale of any security; |
(b) | Involving the making of any false filing with the SEC or FINRA; or |
(c) | Arising out of the conduct of the business of an underwriter, broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, investment adviser or paid solicitor of purchasers of securities. |
2.10.3 Is subject to a final order of a state securities commission (or an agency or officer of a state performing like functions), a state authority that supervises or examines banks, savings associations or credit unions, a state insurance commission (or an agency or officer of a state performing like functions), an appropriate federal banking agency, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission or the National Credit Union Administration that:
(a) | As of any applicable date, bars the person from: |
(1) | Association with an entity regulated by such commission, authority, agency or officer; |
(2) | Engaging in the business of securities, insurance or banking; or |
(3) | Engaging in savings association or credit union activities; or |
(b) | Constitutes a final order based on a violation of any law or regulation that prohibits fraudulent, manipulative or deceptive conduct entered within 10 years before any applicable date. |
2.10.4 Is subject to an order of the SEC pursuant to sections 15(b) or 15B(c) of the Exchange Act or section 203(e) or (f) of the Investment Advisers Act that, as of any applicable date:
(a) | Suspends or revokes such person’s registration as a broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer or investment advisor; |
(b) | Places limitations on the activities, functions or operations of such person; or |
(c) | Bars such person from being associated with any entity or from participating in the offering of any penny stock. |
2.10.5 Is subject to any order of the SEC entered within 5 years before any applicable date, that, as of such applicable date, orders the person to cease and desist from committing or causing a violation or future violation of:
(a) | Any scienter-based anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws including, without limitation, section 17(a)(1) of the Securities Act, section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and 17 CFR 240.10b-5, section 15(c)(1) of the Exchange Act and section 206(1) of the Investment Advisers Act, or any other rule or regulation thereunder; or |
(b) | Section 5 of the Securities Act. |
2.10.6 Is suspended or expelled from membership in, or suspended or barred from association with, a member of a registered national securities exchange or a registered national or affiliated securities association for any act or omission to act constituting conduct inconsistent with just and equitable principles of trade.
2.10.7 Has filed (as a registrant or issuer), was named as a distributor or underwriter in, or was otherwise involved in, any registration statement or offering statement filed with the SEC that, within 5 years of any applicable date, was the subject of a refusal order, stop order or order suspending an offering exemption or, is, as of any applicable date, the subject of an investigation or proceeding to determine whether a stop order or suspension order should be issued.
2.10.8 Is subject to a United States Postal Service false representation order entered within 5 years before any applicable date, or is, as of any applicable date, subject to a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction with respect to conduct alleged by the United States Postal Service to constitute a scheme or device for obtaining money or property through the mail by means of false representations.
2.10.9 The Dealer Manager agrees to immediately notify the Issuer if there is a violation or potential violation of the representations set forth in this Section 5.9 during the Term.
2.11 The representations and warranties made in this Section 2 are and shall be continuing representations and warranties throughout the term. In the event that any of these representations or warranties becomes untrue, Dealer Manager will immediately notify the Fund in writing of the fact which makes the representation or warranty untrue.
3. Covenants of the Fund.
The Fund hereby covenants and agrees with the Dealer Manager that:
3.1 The Fund will: (a) reasonably promptly advise the Dealer Manager (i) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus, and (ii) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective; provided, however, that verbal or written notification (which may include email) to Dealer Manager of the availability of such filing or declaration of effectiveness on the SEC’s EDGAR system, concurrent with or reasonably promptly following such filing or declaration of effectiveness, shall be deemed to be notification for the purpose of this section; (b) timely file every amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that may be required by the SEC or under the Securities Act; and (c) promptly notify the Dealer Manager if at any time the SEC shall issue any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, and, to the extent the Fund determines that such action is in its best interest, the Fund will use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible time.
3.2 In addition to and apart from the Prospectus, the Dealer Manager intends to furnish to all appropriate regulatory agencies and use printed sales literature or other materials in connection with the Offering prepared by the Fund, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager. As used herein, “Authorized Sales Materials” shall mean such printed sales literature or other materials prepared by the Fund, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager, provided that the use of said sales literature and other materials has been approved for use by the Fund in writing and all appropriate regulatory agencies.
3.3 The Fund will, at no expense to the Dealer Manager, furnish the Dealer Manager with such number of printed, or electronic, copies of the Registration Statement, including all amendments and exhibits thereto, as the Dealer Manager may reasonably request. The Fund will similarly furnish to the Dealer Manager and Participating Broker-Dealers designated by the Dealer Manager as many copies as the Dealer Manager may reasonably request in connection with the Offering of the Offered Shares of (a) the Prospectus in preliminary and final form and every form of supplement to the Prospectus or post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement; and (b) the Authorized Sales Materials.
3.4 In consideration of the rights granted to the Dealer Manager, the Dealer Manager agrees to use its best efforts to solicit orders for the sale of the Shares at the public offering price and will undertake such advertising and promotion as it believes is reasonable in connection with such solicitation. The Dealer Manager shall review and file such materials with FINRA or state regulators to the extent required by the rules of FINRA or such applicable states, respectively. This shall not prevent the Dealer Manager from entering into like arrangements (including arrangements involving the payment of underwriting commissions) with other issuers. The Dealer Manager will act only on its own behalf as principal should it choose to enter into selling agreements with Participating Broker-Dealers.
3.5 If at any time when a Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act any event occurs as a result of which, in the opinion of the Fund, the Prospectus would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading, the Fund will promptly notify the Dealer Manager thereof (unless the information shall have been received from the Dealer Manager) and the Dealer Manager and the Participating Broker-Dealers shall suspend the offering and sale of the Offered Shares in accordance with Section 5.3 hereof until such time as the Fund, in its sole discretion (a) instructs the Dealer Manager to resume the offering and sale of the Offered Shares and (b) has prepared any required supplement to the Prospectus or post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement as shall be necessary to correct such statement or omission and to comply with the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act.
3.6 The Fund will apply the proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares as stated in the Prospectus.
3.7 The Fund will engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Offered Shares.
3.8 The Fund will operate in a manner so as to enable the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; provided, however, that at the discretion of the Fund’s board of trustees, it may elect to not be so treated.
4. Payment of Expenses and Fees.
The Fund agrees to pay all costs and expenses incident to any offering, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, including expenses, fees and taxes in connection with: (a) the registration fee, the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement (including without limitation financial statements, exhibits, schedules and consents), the Prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto, and the printing and furnishing of copies of each thereof to the Dealer Manager and to Participating Broker-Dealers (including costs of mailing and shipment); (b) the preparation, issuance and delivery of certificates, if any, for the Offered Shares, including any stock or other transfer taxes or duties payable upon the sale of the Offered Shares; (c) all fees and expenses of the Fund’s legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm; (d) the qualification of the Offered Shares for offering and sale under state laws in the states, including the Qualified Jurisdictions, that the Fund shall designate as appropriate; (e) filing for review by FINRA of all necessary documents and information relating to the Offering and the Offered Shares (including the reasonable legal fees and filing fees and other disbursements of counsel relating thereto); (f) the fees and expenses of any transfer agent or registrar for the Offered Shares and miscellaneous expenses referred to in the Registration Statement; (g) all costs and expenses incident to the travel and accommodation of the Fund’s or Dealer Manager’s employees in making road show presentations with respect to the offering of the Offered Shares; and (h) the performance of the Fund’s other obligations hereunder.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund shall not make any payments pursuant to this Agreement to the extent such payments would result in the Fund’s organizational and offering expenses exceeding the limitations stated in the Registration Statement or to the extent underwriting compensation would exceed the amount permitted by FINRA Rule 5110, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.
5. Obligations and Compensation of Dealer Manager.
The Dealer Manager hereby represents and warrants to, and covenants and agrees with the Fund (provided that, to the extent representations and warranties of the Fund are given only as of a specified date or dates, the Dealer Manager only makes such representations and warranties as of such date or dates), as follows:
5.1 The Fund hereby appoints the Dealer Manager as its agent and distributor to solicit and to cause Participating Broker-Dealers to solicit subscriptions for the Offered Shares at the subscription price to be paid in accordance with, and otherwise upon the other terms and conditions set forth in, the Prospectus, Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement and the Investor Application, and the Dealer Manager agrees to use its best efforts to procure subscribers for the Offered Shares. It is expressly understood between the Dealer Manager and the Fund that the Adviser and Dealer Manager may cooperate with respect to the offering and sale of the Offered Shares with other broker dealers who are registered as broker dealers with the SEC, members of FINRA and duly licensed by the appropriate regulatory agency of each jurisdiction in which they will conduct offers and sales of the Offered Shares, or with broker dealers exempt from all such registration requirements. Such other participating broker dealers may be retained by the Dealer Manager as brokers on terms and conditions identical or similar to this Agreement and shall receive such rates of compensation as are agreed to between the Dealer Manager and the respective other participating broker dealers and as are in accordance with the terms of the Registration Statement.
5.2 The Dealer Manager represents to the Fund that (i) it is a member of FINRA in good standing, (ii) it and its employees and representatives are properly registered and licensed as required by any applicable law, rule, or regulation to act under this Agreement, and (iii) it has established and implemented anti-money laundering compliance programs in accordance with applicable law, including applicable FINRA rules, SEC rules and regulations (“Commission Rules”) and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act) of 2001, as amended by the USA Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”), specifically including, but not limited to, Section 352 of the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001 (the “Money Laundering Abatement Act” and together with the USA PATRIOT Act, the “AML Rules”) reasonably expected to detect and cause the reporting of suspicious transactions in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares. In addition, the Dealer Manager represents that it has established and implemented a program for compliance with Executive Order 13224 and all regulations and programs administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control regulations (“OFAC Program”) and will continue to maintain its OFAC Program during the term of this Agreement.
The Dealer Manager further represents that it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and OFAC requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act, and the Dealer Manager hereby agrees, upon request of the Fund, to provide an annual certification to the Fund that, as of the date of such certification (i) its AML Program and its OFAC Program are consistent with the AML Rules and OFAC requirements, (ii) it has continued to implement its AML Program and its OFAC Program, and (iii) it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and OFAC requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act.
5.3 With respect to its participation and the participation by each Participating Broker-Dealer in the offer and sale of the Offered Shares (including, without limitation, any resales and transfers of Offered Shares), the Dealer Manager agrees, and, by virtue of entering into the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement, each Participating Broker-Dealer shall have agreed, to comply and shall comply with all the applicable requirements under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, conduct rules of FINRA or its predecessor, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (specifically including, but not in any way limited to FINRA Rules 2040, 2231, 5110 and 5141 therein (each, as may be amended from time to time), and any other applicable foreign, state or local securities or other laws or rules of FINRA or any other applicable self-regulatory agency in offering and selling the Offered Shares. The Dealer Manager agrees, and each Participating Broker-Dealer shall have agreed, to comply and shall comply with any applicable requirements with respect to its and each Participating Broker-Dealer’s participation in any resales or transfers of the Offered Shares. Such compliance includes submitting initial filings and all subsequent responses required through FINRA’s Public Offering System on behalf of the Fund. In addition, the Dealer Manager agrees, and each Participating Broker-Dealer shall have agreed, that should it or they assist with the resale or transfer of the Offered Shares, it and each Participating Broker-Dealer will fully comply with all applicable FINRA or Commission Rules or any other applicable Federal or state laws.
5.4 The Dealer Manager shall cause the Offered Shares to be offered and sold only in the Qualified Jurisdictions, and in such additional jurisdictions as may be added thereto in which the offering and sale of Offered Shares has been authorized by appropriate state regulatory authorities. The Dealer Manager shall ensure that no Offered Shares are offered or sold for the account of the Fund in any other jurisdictions. The Dealer Manager shall use and distribute in conjunction with the offer and sale of any Offered Shares only the Prospectus and the Authorized Sales Materials. The Authorized Sales Materials may only be furnished to prospective investors if accompanied or preceded by the Prospectus. The Dealer Manager represents and warrants to the Fund that it will not use any sales literature not authorized and approved by the Fund or use any “broker-dealer use only” or “advisor use only” materials with members of the public in connection with offers or sales or the Offered Shares. The Dealer Manager agrees, and will cause the Participating Broker-Dealers to each agree, to suspend or terminate offering and sale of the Offered Shares upon request of the Fund at any time and to resume offering and sale of the Offered Shares upon subsequent request of the Fund.
5.5 In consideration for the services rendered by the Dealer Manager, the Fund agrees that it will pay to the Dealer Manager the compensation set forth in Exhibit B with respect to a sale of Offered Shares by a Participating Broker-Dealer through a Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement. In accordance with the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement, the Dealer Manager will reallow all or a portion of the distribution and/or service fees, upfront selling commissions (the “Up-Front Selling Commissions”) and dealer manager fees (the “Dealer Manager Fees” and, together with the Up-Front Selling Commissions, the “Selling Commissions”) to Participating Broker-Dealers. For these purposes, a “sale of Offered Shares” shall occur following the release from escrow of the Offering proceeds, and, if and only if, a transaction has closed with securities purchased pursuant to all applicable offering and subscription documents, and the Fund has thereafter distributed the Selling Commission to the Dealer Manager in connection with such transaction. See Schedule 1 of the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement for further details regarding the Selling Commissions. Any amounts of Selling Commissions not reallowed to the extent provided in the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement shall be retained by the Dealer Manager. The Dealer Manager is responsible for making reallowance payments to Participating Broker-Dealers. The Fund may sell shares directly in its sole discretion and no compensation shall be payable or owing to the Dealer Manager in connection with such direct sales. In connection with purchases of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan or direct sales as described in the Plan of Distribution, the Up-Front Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees will not be paid.
5.6 The Dealer Manager represents and warrants to the Fund that, to the extent required by a Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement, Dealer Manager or its affiliates will compensate such Participating Broker-Dealer in accordance with the Fund’s Prospectus and the applicable Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement.
5.7 The Fund shall pay the Dealer Manager, or through the Dealer Manager, the Participating Broker-Dealers, for due diligence or review fees charged in connection with conducting due diligence required to carry out responsibilities under this Dealer Manager Agreement or the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement. The Fund shall reimburse the Dealer Manager or Participating Broker-Dealers for reasonable out-of-pocket due diligence expenses incurred by the Dealer Manager or such Participating Broker-Dealer. Such due diligence expenses may include reasonable travel, lodging, meals and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Dealer Manager or any Participating Broker-Dealer and their personnel when visiting the Fund’s offices to verify information relating to the Fund or Offered Shares. The Fund shall also reimburse the Dealer Manager for filing fees in connection with FINRA filings made on behalf of the Fund. The Dealer Manager or any Participating Broker-Dealer shall provide to the Fund a detailed and itemized invoice for any such due diligence or filing expenses.
5.8 In no event shall the total aggregate underwriting compensation payable to the Dealer Manager and any Participating Broker-Dealer participating in the Offering, including, but not limited to, Dealer Manager Fee and the Selling Commissions, exceed such amount permitted by FINRA Rule 5110, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.
5.9 The Dealer Manager represents and warrants to the Fund and each person that signs the Registration Statement that the information regarding the Offering in the Prospectus and all other information furnished to the Fund by the Dealer Manager in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
5.10 The Dealer Manager represents and warrants to the Fund that it will not represent or imply that the Escrow Agent has investigated the desirability or advisability of investment in the Fund, or has approved, endorsed or passed upon the merits of the Offered Shares or the Fund, nor will the Dealer Manager use the name of said Escrow Agent in any manner whatsoever in connection with the offer or sale of the Offered Shares other than by acknowledgment that it has agreed to serve as escrow agent.
5.11 The Dealer Manager shall provide to the Fund timely copies of all correspondence with FINRA (through FINRA’s Public Offering System, email or other forms of communication) on behalf of the Fund.
6. Indemnification.
6.1 For the purposes of this Section 6, an entity’s “Indemnified Parties” shall include such entity’s officers, trustees, directors, employees, members, partners, agents and representatives, and each person, if any, who controls such entity within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act.
6.2 The Fund will indemnify, defend (subject to Section 6.6) and hold harmless the Participating Broker-Dealers and the Dealer Manager, and their respective Indemnified Parties, from and against any losses, claims (including the reasonable cost of investigation), damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Participating Broker-Dealers or Dealer Manager, or their respective Indemnified Parties, may become subject, under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) in whole or in part, any material inaccuracy in a representation or warranty contained herein by the Fund, any material breach of a covenant contained herein by the Fund, or any material failure by the Fund to perform its obligations hereunder or to comply with state or federal securities laws applicable to the Offering, (b) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in the Prospectus or any supplement thereto or (ii) in any Authorized Sales Materials, or (c) the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus as necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the Fund will reimburse each Participating Broker-Dealer or Dealer Manager, and/or their respective Indemnified Parties, for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Participating Broker-Dealer or Dealer Manager, and/or their respective Indemnified Parties, in connection with investigating or defending such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however, that the Fund will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of, or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished either (x) to the Fund by the Dealer Manager or (y) to the Fund or Dealer Manager by or on behalf of any Participating Broker-Dealer expressly for use in the Registration Statement or any such post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus or any such supplement thereto. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Fund may otherwise have.
6.3 The Dealer Manager will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Fund , their respective Indemnified Parties and each person who has signed the Registration Statement, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which any of the aforesaid parties may become subject, under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims (including the reasonable cost of investigation), damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) in whole or in part, any material inaccuracy in a representation or warranty contained herein by the Dealer Manager, any material breach of a covenant contained herein by the Dealer Manager or any material failure by the Dealer Manager to perform its obligations hereunder, (b) any untrue statement or any alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in the Prospectus or any supplement thereto or (ii) in any Authorized Sales Materials, (c) the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus as necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that in each case described in clauses (b) and (c), to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Fund by the Dealer Manager specifically for use with reference to the Dealer Manager in the preparation of the Registration Statement or any such post-effective amendments thereof or the Prospectus or any such supplement thereto, (d) any use of sales literature by the Dealer Manager not authorized or approved by the Fund or any use of “broker-dealer use only” or “advisor use only” materials with members of the public concerning the Offered Shares by the Dealer Manager, (e) any untrue statement made by the Dealer Manager or its representatives or agents or omission to state a fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares, (f) any material violation by the Dealer Manager of this Agreement, (g) any failure by the Dealer Manager to comply with applicable laws governing money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable FINRA Rules, SEC Rules and the USA PATRIOT Act, or (h) any other failure by the Dealer Manager to comply with applicable FINRA or Commission Rules. The Dealer Manager will reimburse the aforesaid parties in connection with investigation or defense of such loss, claim, damage, liability or action. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Dealer Manager may otherwise have.
6.4 Each Participating Broker-Dealer severally will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Fund, the Dealer Manager, each of their respective Indemnified Parties and each person who signs the Registration Statement, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Fund, the Dealer Manager, any of their respective Indemnified Parties or any person who signed the Registration Statement, may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims (including the reasonable cost of investigation), damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) in whole or in part, any material inaccuracy in a representation or warranty by the Participating Broker-Dealer, any material breach of a covenant by the Participating Broker-Dealer or any material failure by the Participating Broker-Dealer to perform its obligations hereunder or under the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement, (b) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or the Prospectus or any supplement thereto or (ii) in any Authorized Sales Materials, (c) the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus or necessary to make statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that in each case described in clauses (b) and (c), to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Fund or the Dealer Manager by the Participating Broker-Dealer specifically for use with reference to the Participating Broker-Dealer in the Registration Statement or any such post-effective amendments thereof or the Prospectus or any such supplement thereto, (d) any use of sales literature by the Participating Broker-Dealer not authorized or approved by the Fund or use of “broker-dealer use only” or “advisor use only” materials with members of the public concerning the Offered Shares by such Participating Broker-Dealer or Participating Broker-Dealer’s representatives or agents, (e) any untrue statement made by such Participating Broker-Dealer or its representatives or agents or omission to state a fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares, (f) any failure by the Participating Broker-Dealer to comply with [Section VII or Section X of the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement] or any other material violation of the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement, (g) any failure of the Participating Broker-Dealer to comply with applicable laws governing money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable FINRA Rules, Commission Rules and the USA PATRIOT Act, or (h) any other failure by the Participating Broker-Dealer to comply with applicable FINRA or Commission Rules or any other applicable Federal or state laws, including its failure to ensure the appropriate FINRA licensing credentials for its representatives. Each Participating Broker-Dealer will reimburse the aforesaid parties in connection with investigation or defense of such loss, claim, damage, liability or action. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Participating Broker-Dealer may otherwise have.
6.5 Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 6 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 6, notify in writing the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof but failure to so notify the indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability which the indemnifying party may have hereunder or otherwise, except to the extent that such failure materially prejudices the indemnifying party’s rights. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notifies an indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled, to the extent it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to participate in the defense thereof, with separate counsel. Such participation shall not relieve such indemnifying party of the obligation to reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable legal and other expenses (subject to Section 6.6) incurred by such indemnified party in defending itself, except for such expenses incurred after the indemnifying party has deposited funds sufficient to effect the settlement, with prejudice, of the claim in respect of which indemnity is sought. Alternatively, at its sole option, the indemnifying party, jointly with any other indemnifying parties similarly notified, may assume the defense thereof. In any action or proceeding the defense of which the indemnifying party assumes, the indemnified party will have the right to participate in such litigation and to retain its own counsel at such indemnified party’s own expense. Any such indemnifying party shall not be liable to any such indemnified party on account of any settlement of any claim or action effected without the prior written consent of such indemnifying party, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
6.6 An indemnifying party under Section 6 of this Agreement shall be obligated to reimburse an indemnified party for reasonable legal and other expenses as follows:
(a) In the case of the Fund indemnifying the Dealer Manager, the advancement of funds of the Fund to the Dealer Manager for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought shall be permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Fund; (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder of the Fund or the legal action is initiated by a stockholder of the Fund acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; and (iii) the Dealer Manager undertakes to repay the advanced funds to the Fund, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases which the Dealer Manager is found not to be entitled to indemnification.
(b) In any case of indemnification other than that described in Section 6.6(a) above, the indemnifying party shall pay all reasonable legal fees and expenses of the indemnified party in the defense of such claims or actions; provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be obligated to pay legal expenses and fees to more than one law firm in connection with the defense of similar claims arising out of the same alleged acts or omissions giving rise to such claims notwithstanding that such actions or claims are alleged or brought by one or more parties against more than one indemnified party (including other participating broker-dealers that sign other participating broker-dealer or similar agreements). If such claims or actions are alleged or brought against more than one indemnified party, then the indemnifying party shall only be obliged to reimburse the reasonable expenses and fees of the one law firm that has been selected by a majority of the indemnified parties against which such action is finally brought unless the indemnifying party has assumed the defense in which case it shall only be required to provide reimbursement as set forth in Section 6.5; and in the event a majority of such indemnified parties is unable to agree on which law firm for which expenses or fees will be reimbursable by the indemnifying party, then payment shall be made to the first law firm of record representing an indemnified party against the action or claim. Such law firm shall be paid only to the extent of services performed by such law firm and no reimbursement shall be payable to such law firm on account of legal services performed by another law firm. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent such law firm is not located in the same jurisdiction as any legal proceeding subject to such indemnity, the indemnifying party shall also cover reasonable local counsel fees of one other law firm in each jurisdiction where the litigation is pending, it being understood that the responsibilities of such local counsel shall be minimal and not overlap with that of the lead law firm, and that such responsibilities shall consist primarily of matters such lead law firm is unable to undertake on a cost-efficient basis.
6.7 The indemnity agreements contained in this Section 6 shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of: (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Participating Broker-Dealer, or any person controlling any Participating Broker-Dealer, or by or on behalf of the Fund, the Dealer Manager or any officer, trustee or director thereof, or by or on behalf of the Fund or the Dealer Manager; (b) delivery of any Offered Shares and payment therefor; and (c) any termination of this Agreement or any Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement (with respect to acts that occurred prior to the time of such termination). A successor of any Participating Broker-Dealer or of any of the parties to this Agreement, as the case may be, shall be entitled to the benefits of the indemnity agreements contained in this Section 6.
6.8 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 6, no party shall be entitled to indemnification or contribution under this Agreement in violation of Section 17(i) of the Investment Company Act.
7. Survival of Provisions.
The respective agreements, representations and warranties of the Fund and the Dealer Manager set forth in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect until terminated regardless of: (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Dealer Manager or any Participating Broker-Dealer or any person controlling the Dealer Manager or any Participating Broker-Dealer or by or on behalf of the Fund or any person controlling the Fund; and (b) the delivery of payment for the Offered Shares. Following the termination of this Agreement, this Agreement will become void and there will be no liability of any party to any other party hereto, except for obligations under Sections 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 16, all of which will survive the termination of this Agreement.
8. Applicable Law; Venue.
THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT, ACTING FOR THEMSELVES AND FOR THEIR RESPECTIVE SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS, WITHOUT REGARD TO DOMICILE, CITIZENSHIP OR RESIDENCE, EXPRESSLY AND IRREVOCABLY SUBMIT TO, AS THE EXCLUSIVE FORUM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ALL DISPUTES ARISING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, THE JURISDICTION OF ANY UNITED STATES FEDERAL OR STATE COURT THAT IS LOCATED IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, COUNTY OF NEW YORK. EACH OF THE PARTIES WAIVES ANY CLAIMS OF INCONVENIENT FORUM OR VENUE.
This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim or dispute of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement, directly or indirectly, shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts formed and to be formed entirely within the State of New York, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles and rules thereof, to the extent such principles would require or permit the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.
9. Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts. Each counterpart, when executed and delivered, shall be an original contract, but all counterparts, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same Agreement.
10. Entire Agreement.
This Agreement and the Exhibits attached hereto constitute the entire agreement among the parties and supersede any prior understanding, whether written or oral, prior to the date hereof with respect to the Offering.
11. Successors, Assignment, Amendment and Novation.
11.1 This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Dealer Manager, the Fund, and their respective successors and permitted assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the Participating Broker-Dealers to the extent set forth in Sections 1 and 6 hereof. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give to any other person any right, remedy or claim, except as otherwise specifically provided herein.
11.2 This Agreement may be amended only by the written agreement of the Dealer Manager and the Fund.
11.3 Neither the Fund nor the Dealer Manager may assign or transfer any of such party’s rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Dealer Manager, on the one hand, or the Fund, on the other hand.
11.4 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Dealer Manager shall effect a novation of this Agreement (the “Novation”) to substitute a broker-dealer that is owned by the Adviser or an affiliate of Adviser (the “Eagle Point Dealer Manager”) for the Dealer Manager as a party to this Agreement upon a written instruction from the Fund to do so (“Novation Instruction”). Upon receipt of the Novation Instruction from the Fund, the Dealer Manager shall novate this Agreement to the Eagle Point Dealer Manager within sixty (60) days and shall use its commercial best efforts to assist the Fund and the Eagle Point Dealer Manager in connection with the Novation. Upon the effectuation of the Novation, (i) the Fund shall release the Dealer Manager from all of its duties and obligations under the Agreement, (ii) the Dealer Manager shall assign all rights and obligations under this Agreement to the Eagle Point Dealer Manager, and (iii) the Eagle Point Dealer Manager shall assume all rights, duties and obligations of the Dealer Manager under this Agreement. In addition, upon the effectuation of the Novation, all Participating Broker-Dealer Agreements shall be automatically novated to substitute the Eagle Point Dealer Manager for the Dealer Manager as a party to the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreements. Eagle Point Dealer Manager shall be (a) properly registered or licensed and duly authorized to sell the Offered Shares under federal and state securities laws and regulations in all states where the Fund offers or sells Offered Shares, and (b) a member in good standing of FINRA.
12. Term and Termination.
12.1 This Agreement may be terminated by the Dealer Manager, on the one hand, or the Fund, on the other, in the event that (a) the Fund, on the one hand, or the Dealer Manager, on the other, shall have materially failed to comply with any of the material provisions of this Agreement or (b) the Fund, on the one hand, or the Dealer Manager, on the other, materially breaches any of its representations and warranties contained in this Agreement and, in the case of the Fund, such breach or breaches, individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect; provided, however, that no party may terminate this Agreement under this sentence unless such failure(s) or breach(es) under clause (a) or (b) above is or are not cured within thirty (30) days after such party has delivered notice of intent to terminate under this Section 12.1.
12.2 Notwithstanding Section 12.1, this Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Fund’s trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Fund and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Fund’s distribution plan or this Agreement or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Dealer Manager; and upon the applicability of Rule 12b-1 to the Fund, this Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Investment Company Act).
12.3 The Dealer Manager, upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, shall (i) promptly deposit any and all funds, if any, in its possession which were received from investors for the sale of Offered Shares into the appropriate account designated by the Fund, (ii) promptly deliver to the Fund all records and documents in its possession which relate to the Offering and are not designated as dealer copies, (iii) provide a list of all purchasers and broker-dealers with whom the Dealer Manager has initiated oral or written discussions regarding the Offering, and (iv) notify Participating Broker-Dealers of such termination. The Dealer Manager, at its sole expense, may make and retain copies of all such records and documents but shall keep all such information confidential. The Dealer Manager shall use its best efforts to cooperate with the Fund to accomplish an orderly transfer of management of the Offering to a party designated by the Fund.
12.4 In addition to any other obligations of the Company that survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the Fund shall pay to the Dealer Manager all compensation to which the Dealer Manager is or becomes entitled under Section 5 at such time as such compensation becomes payable.
13. Confirmation.
The Fund hereby agrees and assumes, or will arrange for a party designated by it to assume, the duty to confirm, on its behalf and on behalf of Participating Broker-Dealers, all orders for purchase of Offered Shares accepted by the Fund. Such confirmations will comply with the rules of the SEC and FINRA and will comply with applicable laws of such other jurisdictions to the extent the Fund is advised of such laws in writing by the Dealer Manager.
14. Submission of Orders.
14.1 Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares will be required to complete and execute an Investor Application and to deliver to the Participating Broker-Dealer or Dealer Manager, as the case may be (the “Processing Broker-Dealer”), such completed Investor Application, together with a check, draft, wire or money order (hereinafter referred to as a “Subscription Payment”) for the purchase price of the Offered Shares, except for Offered Shares purchased through the networking system of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”), to the extent applicable. To the extent applicable, Offered Shares purchased through the networking system of NSCC will be governed by applicable NSCC rules and procedures, and any agreement or other arrangement between the Fund, Dealer Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer relating to networking. The Dealer Manager shall ensure that any Participating Broker-Dealer shall only offer to sell and accept Investor Applications and Subscription Payments for Offered Shares in accordance with the offering terms and conditions as set forth in the Prospectus. There shall be a minimum initial purchase by any one purchaser of $2,500 (except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus, or in any letter or memorandum from the Fund to the Dealer Manager). Additional purchases of Offered Shares shall be in increments of $500 per transaction, except for purchases made pursuant to the DRIP, as described in the Prospectus. Any minimum purchase amount may be waived in the sole discretion of the Fund. Persons who purchase Offered Shares shall make their Subscription Payments payable to “Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund.”
The Fund will sell the Offered Shares on a continuous basis at prices and in accordance with the offering terms and conditions set forth in and subject to any adjustment described or otherwise provided in the Prospectus. Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of Offered Shares and, as a result, may receive fractional Offered Shares.
The Processing Broker-Dealer receiving an Investor Application and Subscription Payment not conforming to the foregoing instructions, or for a sale of Offered Shares not meeting the offering terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus, shall return such Investor Application and Subscription Payment directly to such subscriber not later than the end of the second business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer of such materials. Investor Applications and Subscription Payments received by the Processing Broker-Dealer which conform to the foregoing instructions shall be transmitted for deposit pursuant to one of the methods described in this Section 14. Transmittal of received investor funds will be made in accordance with the following procedures.
14.2 If the Processing Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at the same location at which Investor Applications and Subscription Payments are received from subscribers, then, by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer, the Processing Broker-Dealer will transmit the Investor Applications and Subscription Payment for deposit to the Fund or its designated agent.
14.3 If the Processing Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at a different location (the “Final Review Office”), Investor Applications and Subscription Payments will be transmitted by the Processing Broker-Dealer to the Final Review Office by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer. The Final Review Office will in turn by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Final Review Office, transmit such Investor Applications and Subscription Payment for deposit to the Fund or its designated agent.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Offered Shares to be purchased by a custodial account, the Processing Broker-Dealer shall cause the custodian of such account to deliver a completed Investor Application and Subscription Payment for such account directly for deposit to the Fund or its designated agent. The Processing Broker-Dealer shall furnish to the Escrow Agent, the Fund or its designated agent, as applicable, with each delivery of Subscription Payments a list of the subscribers showing the name, U.S. address, tax identification number, state of residence, amount of Offered Shares subscribed for and the amount of money paid.
15. Suitability of Investors; Compliance with Privacy Laws.
15.1 The Dealer Manager will offer Offered Shares, and in its agreements with Participating Broker-Dealers will require that the Participating Broker-Dealers offer Offered Shares, only to those persons who meet the suitability standards set forth in the Prospectus (if any) or in any suitability letter or memorandum sent by the Fund and will only make offers to persons in the jurisdictions in which it is advised in writing that the Offered Shares are qualified for sale or that such qualification is not required. Notwithstanding the qualification of the Offered Shares for sale in any respective jurisdiction (or the exemption therefrom), the Dealer Manager represents, warrants and covenants that it will not offer Offered Shares and will not permit any of its registered representatives to offer Offered Shares in any jurisdiction unless both the Dealer Manager and such registered representative are duly licensed to transact securities business in such jurisdiction. In offering Offered Shares, the Dealer Manager will comply, and in its agreements with Participating Broker-Dealers, the Dealer Manager will require that the Participating Broker-Dealers comply, with the provisions of the FINRA Rules, as well as all other applicable rules and regulations relating to suitability of investors.
The Dealer Manager further represents, warrants and covenants that neither the Dealer Manager, nor any person associated with the Dealer Manager, shall offer or sell Offered Shares in any jurisdiction except to investors who satisfy the investor suitability standards and minimum investment requirements under the applicable provisions described in the Prospectus, including minimum income and net worth standards (if any). The Dealer Manager agrees to ensure that, in recommending the purchase, sale or exchange of Offered Shares to an investor, the Dealer Manager, or a person associated with the Dealer Manager, shall have reasonable grounds to believe, on the basis of information obtained from the investor (and thereafter maintained in the manner and for the period required by the SEC, any state securities commission, FINRA or the Fund) concerning his or her age, investment objectives, other investments, financial situation and needs and any other information known to the Dealer Manager, or person associated with the Dealer Manager, that (i) the investor can reasonably benefit from an investment in the Offered Shares based on the investor’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure, (ii) the investor is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the investor’s overall financial situation and (iii) the investor has an apparent understanding of (A) the fundamental risks of the investment, (B) the risk that the investor may lose his or her entire investment in the Offered Shares, (C) the lack of liquidity of the Offered Shares, (D) the background and qualifications of the Adviser or the persons responsible for directing and managing the Fund and (E) the tax consequences of an investment in the Offered Shares. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, the suitability standards must be met by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the Offered Shares or by the beneficiary of such fiduciary account. The Dealer Manager further represents, warrants and covenants that the Dealer Manager, or a person associated with the Dealer Manager, will make every reasonable effort to determine the suitability and appropriateness of an investment in Offered Shares of each proposed investor by reviewing documents and records disclosing the basis upon which the determination as to suitability was reached as to each purchaser of Offered Shares pursuant to a subscription solicited by the Dealer Manager, whether such documents and records relate to accounts which have been closed, accounts which are currently maintained or accounts hereafter established. The Dealer Manager agrees to retain such documents and records in the Dealer Manager’s records for a period of six years from the date of the applicable sale of Offered Shares and to make such documents and records available to (i) the Fund upon request and (ii) representatives of the SEC, FINRA and applicable state securities administrators upon the Dealer Manager’s receipt of an appropriate document subpoena or other appropriate request for documents from any such agency. The Dealer Manager shall not purchase any Offered Shares for a discretionary account without obtaining the prior written approval of the Dealer Manager’s customer and his or her signature on an Investor Application.
15.2 The Dealer Manager agrees, and in its agreements with Participating Broker-Dealers the Dealer Manager will require that the Participating Broker-Dealers to agree, (a) to abide by and comply with (i) the privacy standards and requirements of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“GLB Act”) and Regulation S-P, (ii) the privacy standards and requirements of any other applicable Federal or state law and (iii) its own internal privacy policies and procedures, each as may be amended from time to time; (b) to refrain from the use or disclosure of non-public personal information (as defined under the GLB Act) of all customers who have opted out of such disclosures except as necessary to service the customers or as otherwise necessary or required by applicable law; and (c) to determine which customers have opted out of the disclosure of non-public personal information by periodically reviewing and, if necessary, retrieving a list of such customers (the “List”) as provided by each to identify customers that have exercised their opt-out rights.
In the event the Dealer Manager uses or discloses non-public personal information of any customer for purposes other than servicing the customer, or as otherwise required by applicable law, the Dealer Manager will consult the List to determine whether the affected customer has exercised his or her opt-out rights. The Dealer Manager understands that it is prohibited from using or disclosing any non-public personal information of any customer that is identified on the List as having opted out of such disclosures.
16. Notices.
Any notice, approval, request, authorization, direction or other communication under this Agreement shall be deemed given (a) when delivered personally, (b) on the first business day after delivery to a national overnight courier service, (c) upon receipt of confirmation if sent via facsimile or (d) on the fifth business day after deposited in the U.S. mail, properly addressed and stamped with the required postage, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, in each case to the intended recipient at the address set forth below:
If to the Fund: | Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202 | ||
Greenwich, CT 06830 | ||
Attention: Legal | ||
If to the Dealer Manager: | WealthForge Securities, LLC | |
3015 W. Moore Street, Suite 102 | ||
Richmond, VA 23230 | ||
Facsimile: 804-308-0437 | ||
Attention: Legal |
Any party may change its address specified above by giving the other party notice of such change in accordance with this Section 16.
17. No Partnership.
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed or interpreted to constitute the Dealer Manager as an employee, agent or representative of, or in association with or in partnership with, the Fund; instead, this Agreement shall only constitute the Dealer Manager as a dealer authorized to sell the Offered Shares according to the terms set forth in the registration statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented and in this Agreement.
18. Severability.
The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the other provisions hereof, and this Agreement shall be construed in all respects as if such invalid or unenforceable provision was omitted.
[The remainder of the page is intentionally left blank.]
If the foregoing correctly sets forth our understanding, please indicate your acceptance thereof in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter and your acceptance shall constitute a binding agreement between us as of the date first above written.
Very truly yours, | ||
“FUND” | ||
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | ||
By: | /s/ | |
Name: | ||
Title: |
Accepted and agreed as of the date first above written:
“DEALER MANAGER” | ||
WEALTHFORGE SECURITIES, LLC | ||
By: | /s/ | |
Name: | ||
Title: |
EXHIBIT A
FORM OF PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER AGREEMENT
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
Shares of Beneficial Interest, no par value per share
PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER AGREEMENT
[•], 2022
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Subject to the terms described herein below, WealthForge Securities, LLC, as the managing dealer (the “Dealer Manager”) for Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company (the “Fund”), invites you (“Participating Broker-Dealer”) to participate in the distribution, on a “best efforts” basis, shares of beneficial interest of the Fund, no par value per share (the “Offered Shares”) (such offering, the “Offering”), to be issued and sold to the public on a “best efforts” basis. The Offered Shares will be sold at the offering price as set forth in Section III hereof, which may be subject to change as set forth in the registration statement on Form N-2 filed by the Fund (File No. 333-261444), which includes the Fund’s prospectus, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”).
I. Dealer Manager Agreement
Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is the investment adviser of the Fund (the “Adviser”). The Dealer Manager has entered into a dealer manager agreement with the Fund dated [•] (the “Dealer Manager Agreement”). Upon effectiveness of this Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement (this “Agreement”) pursuant to Section XIV below, you will become one of the Participating Broker-Dealers referred to in the Dealer Manager Agreement and will be entitled and subject to the representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Dealer Manager Agreement relating to the rights and obligations of a Participating Broker-Dealer, including, but not limited to, the provisions of Sections 3.5 and 5.3 regarding suspension of offers and sales of Offered Shares, Section 5.1 regarding solicitation of subscriptions of Offered Shares, Section 5.2 regarding regulatory compliance, Section 6, wherein each of the Participating Broker-Dealers severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Fund, the Adviser, the Dealer Manager and their respective officers, trustees, directors, employees, members, partners, agents and representatives, and each person, if any, who controls such entity within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or Section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Section 14 regarding submission of subscriptions for Offered Shares, and Section 15 regarding suitability of investors and compliance procedures for offers and sales of Offered Shares. Except as otherwise set forth herein, capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Dealer Manager Agreement. The Offered Shares are offered solely through broker-dealers who are members in good standing of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
Participating Broker-Dealer hereby agrees to use its best efforts to sell the Offered Shares for cash on the terms and conditions stated in the Prospectus. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed or construed to make Participating Broker-Dealer an employee, agent, representative, or partner of the Dealer Manager or the Fund, and Participating Broker-Dealer is not authorized to act for the Dealer Manager or the Fund or to make any representations on their behalf except as set forth in the Prospectus and any printed sales literature or other materials prepared by the Fund, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager, provided that the use of said sales literature and other materials has been approved for use by the Fund in writing and all appropriate regulatory agencies (the “Authorized Sales Materials”). In the event that the Fund uses printed materials in connection with the Offering prepared by the Fund, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager intended for “broker-dealer use only,” Participating Broker-Dealer shall use such “broker-dealer use only” materials in accordance with Section VII below.
II. Submission of Orders
Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering will be required to complete and execute an Investor Application and to deliver to Participating Broker-Dealer such completed Investor Application, together with a check, draft or wire (hereinafter referred to as a “Subscription Payment”) for the purchase price of the Offered Shares, except for accounts opened or maintained pursuant to the networking system of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”), to the extent applicable. Accounts opened or maintained pursuant to the networking system of NSCC will be governed by applicable NSCC rules and procedures, and any agreement or other arrangement with the Dealer Manager relating to networking. There shall be a minimum initial purchase by any one purchaser of $2,500 (except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus, or in any letter or memorandum from the Fund to the Dealer Manager). Additional purchases of Offered Shares shall be in increments of $500 per transaction, except for purchases made pursuant to the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRIP”), as described in the Prospectus. Any minimum purchase amount may be waived in the sole discretion of the Fund. Persons who purchase Offered Shares shall make their Subscription Payments payable to “UMB Bank, N.A., as EA for Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund.”
The Participating Broker-Dealer receiving an Investor Application and Subscription Payment not conforming to the foregoing instructions or for a sale of Offered Shares not meeting the offering terms and conditions of the Prospectus, shall return such Investor Application and Subscription Payment to such subscriber not later than the end of the second business day following receipt by the Participating Broker-Dealer of such materials. Investor Applications and Subscription Payments received by the Participating Broker-Dealer which conform to the foregoing instructions shall be transmitted for deposit pursuant to one of the methods described in this Section II.
(a) If the Participating Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at the same location at which Investor Applications and Subscription Payments are received from subscribers, then, by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Participating Broker-Dealer, the Participating Broker-Dealer will transmit the Investor Applications and Subscription Payment for deposit to the Fund or its designated escrow agent.
(b) If the Participating Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at a different location (the “Final Review Office”), Investor Applications and Subscription Payments will be transmitted by the Participating Broker-Dealer to the Final Review Office by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Participating Broker-Dealer. The Final Review Office will, in turn, by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Final Review Office, transmit such Investor Applications and Subscription Payment for deposit to the Fund or its designated escrow agent.
Participating Broker-Dealer understands that the Fund reserves the unconditional right to reject any order, in whole or in part, for any or no reason.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Offered Shares to be purchased by a custodial account, the Participating Broker-Dealer shall cause the custodian of such account to deliver a completed Investor Application and Subscription Payment for such account directly for deposit to the Fund or its designated escrow agent. The Participating Broker-Dealer shall furnish with each delivery of Subscription Payments a list of the subscribers showing the name, U.S. address, tax identification number, state of residence, dollar amount of Offered Shares subscribed for, and the amount of money paid.
III. Pricing
Except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus, the Offered Shares shall be offered to the public at an offering price (the “Offering Price”) and in accordance with the offering terms and conditions as set forth in the Prospectus and payable in cash. Except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or in any letter or memorandum sent to Participating Broker-Dealer by the Fund or Dealer Manager, a minimum initial purchase of $2,500 in Offered Shares is required. Minimum subsequent purchases of Offered Shares shall be $500 per transaction. The Fund will sell the Offered Shares on a continuous basis at the Offering Price per Offered Share, subject to the adjustments described in or otherwise provided in the Prospectus. Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares using an Investor Application in the Offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of Offered Shares and, as a result, may receive fractional Offered Shares.
For stockholders of the Fund who elect to participate in the DRIP, the cash otherwise distributable to them will be invested in additional shares of the Offered Shares. No selling commissions or dealer manager fees (as defined below) will be paid with respect to shares issued under the DRIP. The Fund will pay the plan administrator’s fees under the DRIP.
The Offered Shares are non-assessable. Participating Broker-Dealer hereby agrees to place any order for the full purchase price except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus.
IV. Participating Broker-Dealer’s Compensation
Except as described in the Prospectus, the up-front sales load applicable to the Offered Shares sold by Participating Broker-Dealer is as provided in Schedule 1. The up-front sales load provided in Schedule 1 includes an up-front selling commission (the “Up-Front Selling Commissions”) and dealer manager fee (the “Dealer Manager Fees” and, together with the Up-Front Selling Commissions, the “Selling Commissions”) which the Dealer Manager may reallow. For purposes of Schedule 1, a “sale of Offered Shares” shall occur following the release from escrow of the Offering proceeds, and if and only if a transaction has closed with a securities purchaser pursuant to all applicable offering and subscription documents and the Fund has thereafter distributed the Up-Front Selling Commission to the Dealer Manager in connection with such transaction.
The Dealer Manager will reallow all or a portion of the distribution and/or service fees, Up-Front Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees to Participating Broker-Dealer as is provided in Schedule 1 in its sole discretion as an upfront marketing support fee, provided that Participating Broker-Dealer has agreed to provide marketing and due diligence services as set forth in Schedule 1.
See Schedule 1 for further details regarding the Selling Commissions.
Participating Broker-Dealer hereby waives any and all rights to receive payment of the Selling Commissions due until such time as the Dealer Manager is in receipt of such Selling Commissions from the Fund. Participating Broker-Dealer affirms that the Dealer Manager’s liability for Selling Commissions payable is limited solely to the proceeds received associated therewith.
Participating Broker-Dealer acknowledges and agrees that no commissions, payments or amount whatsoever will be paid to Participating Broker-Dealer in respect of the purchase of Offered Shares by a Participating Broker-Dealer (or its registered representative), in its individual capacity, or by a retirement plan of such Participating Broker-Dealer (or its registered representative), or by an officer, trustee, director or employee of the Fund, the Adviser or their respective affiliates.
The parties hereby agree that the foregoing underwriting compensation, including the Selling Commissions, are not in excess of the usual and customary distributors’ or sellers’ commission received in the sale of securities similar to the Offered Shares, that Participating Broker-Dealer’s interest in the offering is limited to such compensation from the Dealer Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer’s indemnity referred to in Section 6 of the Dealer Manager Agreement, and that the Fund is not liable or responsible for the direct payment of such Selling Commissions to Participating Broker-Dealer. In addition, as set forth in the Prospectus, the Fund may reimburse Participating Broker-Dealers for reasonable out-of-pocket due diligence expenses incurred by such Participating Broker-Dealers. Participating Broker-Dealer shall provide a detailed and itemized invoice for any such due diligence expenses.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary above, the parties agree that Participating Broker-Dealer shall not be entitled to receive Selling Commissions with respect to advisory program clients (“Consulting Clients”); however, for the avoidance of doubt, the parties hereto agree that Participating Broker-Dealer shall be entitled to receive any applicable service fees with respect to Consulting Clients.
Participating Broker-Dealer shall have the right to rebate to Consulting Clients any service or distribution fees received in connect with a Consulting Client, it being understood that Participating Broker-Dealer will receive separate compensation directly from such Consulting Clients.
V. Payment
Payments of any Selling Commissions will be made by the Dealer Manager (or by the Fund as the agent of the Dealer Manager, as provided in the Dealer Manager Agreement) to Participating Broker-Dealer within thirty (30) days of the receipt by the Dealer Manager of the gross Selling Commission from the Fund.
Participating Broker-Dealer, in its sole discretion, may authorize Dealer Manager (or by the Fund as the agent of the Dealer Manager, as provided in the Dealer Manager Agreement) to deposit Selling Commissions and other payments due to it pursuant to this Agreement directly to its bank account. If Participating Broker-Dealer so elects, Participating Broker-Dealer shall provide such deposit authorization and instructions in Schedule 2 to this Agreement.
VI. Right to Reject Orders or Cancel Sales
All orders, whether initial or additional, are subject to acceptance by and shall only become effective upon confirmation by the Fund, which reserves the right to reject any order, in whole or in part, for any or no reason. Orders not accompanied by an Investor Application and executed signature page thereto and the required Subscription Payment for the Offered Shares may be rejected. Issuance and delivery of the Offered Shares will be made only after actual receipt of payment therefor. If any Subscription Payment is not paid upon presentment, or if the Fund is not in actual receipt of clearinghouse funds or cash, certified or cashier’s check or the equivalent in payment for the Offered Shares within fifteen (15) days of sale, the Fund reserves the right to cancel the sale without notice. In the event an order is rejected, canceled or rescinded for any reason, Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to return to the Dealer Manager within thirty (30) days thereafter any Selling Commission theretofore paid with respect to such order, and, if Participating Broker-Dealer fails to so return any such Selling Commission, the Dealer Manager shall have the right to offset amounts owed against future Selling Commissions due and otherwise payable to Participating Broker-Dealer.
VII. Prospectus and Authorized Sales Materials
Participating Broker-Dealer is not authorized or permitted to give, and will not give, any information or make any representation (written or oral) concerning the Offered Shares except as set forth in the Prospectus and the Authorized Sales Materials. The Dealer Manager will supply Participating Broker-Dealer with reasonable quantities of the Prospectus, any supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus, as well as any Authorized Sales Materials, for delivery to investors, and Participating Broker-Dealer will deliver a copy of the Prospectus and all supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus to each investor to whom an offer is made prior to or simultaneously with the first solicitation of an offer to sell the Offered Shares to an investor. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees that it will not send or give any supplements to the Prospectus, any amended Prospectus or any Authorized Sales Materials to that investor unless it has previously sent or given a Prospectus and all supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus to that investor or has simultaneously sent or given a Prospectus and all supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus with such Prospectus supplement, amended Prospectus or Authorized Sales Materials. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees that it will not show or give to any investor or prospective investor or reproduce any material or writing which is supplied to it by the Dealer Manager and marked “broker-dealer use only” or otherwise bearing a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the offer or sale of Offered Shares to members of the public. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees that it will not use in connection with the offer or sale of Offered Shares any materials or writings which have not been previously approved by the Fund in writing other than the Prospectus and the Authorized Sales Materials. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to furnish a copy of any revised preliminary Prospectus to each person to whom it has furnished a copy of any previous preliminary Prospectus, and further agrees that it will itself mail or otherwise deliver all preliminary and final Prospectuses required for compliance with the provisions of Rule 15c2-8 under the Exchange Act. Regardless of the termination of this Agreement, Participating Broker-Dealer will deliver a Prospectus in transactions in the Offered Shares for a period of ninety (90) days from the Effective Date of the Registration Statement or such longer period as may be required by the Exchange Act. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to comply with all the applicable requirements under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, conduct rules of FINRA or its predecessor, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., and any other foreign, state or local securities or other laws or rules of FINRA or any other applicable self-regulatory agency in offering and selling Offered Shares.
VIII. License and Association Membership
Participating Broker-Dealer’s acceptance of this Agreement constitutes a representation to the Fund and the Dealer Manager that Participating Broker-Dealer is a properly registered or licensed broker-dealer, duly authorized to sell Offered Shares under federal and state securities laws and regulations in all states where it offers or sells Offered Shares, and that it is a member in good standing of FINRA. Participating Broker-Dealer represents and warrants that it is currently licensed as a broker-dealer in the jurisdictions identified on Schedule 3 to this Agreement. Participating Broker-Dealer represents and warrants that it is its sole responsibility to ensure that its representatives are properly registered and licensed as required by any applicable law, rule or regulation. This Agreement shall automatically terminate if Participating Broker-Dealer ceases to be a member in good standing of FINRA or with the securities commission of the state in which Participating Broker-Dealer’s principal office is located. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to notify the Dealer Manager immediately if Participating Broker-Dealer ceases to be a member in good standing of FINRA or with the securities commission of any state in which Participating Broker-Dealer is currently registered or licensed, or in the case of a foreign dealer, so to conform. Participating Broker-Dealer also hereby agrees to abide by the conduct rules set forth in the FINRA rulebook (“FINRA Rules”), including, without limitation, FINRA Rules 2040, 2231, 5110 and 5141.
IX. Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Programs
Participating Broker-Dealer’s acceptance of this Dealer Agreement constitutes a representation to the Fund and the Dealer Manager that Participating Broker-Dealer has established and implemented an anti-money laundering compliance program (“AML Program”) in accordance with applicable law, including the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (the “USA PATRIOT Act”), Section 352 of the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001 (the “Money Laundering Abatement Act”) and the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (each as may be amended from time to time , and implementing regulations thereunder promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, FINRA, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) Rules (the “Commission Rules”) (collectively, the “AML Rules”) reasonably expected to detect and cause the reporting of suspicious transactions in connection with the sale of Offered Shares. In addition, Participating Broker-Dealer represents that it has established and implemented a program for compliance with Executive Order 13224 and all regulations and programs administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, or the Department of State (such regulations and program, “Sanctions,” and such program as established by the Participating Broker-Dealer, “OFAC Program”) and will continue to maintain its OFAC Program during the term of this Agreement. Upon request by the Dealer Manager at any time, Participating Broker-Dealer hereby agrees to (i) furnish a written copy of its AML Program and OFAC Program to the Dealer Manager for review, and (ii) furnish a copy of the findings and any remedial actions taken in connection with Participating Broker-Dealer’s most recent independent testing of its AML Program and/or its OFAC Program.
The parties acknowledge that for the purposes of AML Rules, the investors who purchase Offered Shares through Participating Broker-Dealer are “customers” of Participating Broker-Dealer and not the Dealer Manager. Nonetheless, to the extent that the Dealer Manager deems it prudent, Participating Broker-Dealer shall cooperate with the Dealer Manager’s reasonable requests for information, records and data related to the Fund’s stockholders introduced to, and serviced by, Participating Broker-Dealer (the “Customers”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Participating Broker-Dealer shall not be required to provide to the Dealer Manager any documentation that, in Participating Broker-Dealer’s reasonable judgment, would cause Participating Broker-Dealer to lose the benefit of attorney-client privilege or other privilege which it may be entitled to assert relating to the discoverability of documents in any civil or criminal proceedings. Participating Broker-Dealer hereby represents that it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and all OFAC requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Due Diligence requirements under 31 C.F.R. § 1023.210(b)(5) and the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act. Participating Broker-Dealer hereby agrees, upon request by the Dealer Manager to (A) provide an annual certification to Dealer Manager that, as of the date of such certification (i) its AML Program and its OFAC Program are consistent with the AML Rules and Sanctions requirements; (ii) it has continued to implement its AML Program and its OFAC Program, and (iii) it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and Sanctions requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act and beneficial ownership requirements under 31 C.F.R. § 1010.220; and (B) perform and carry out, on behalf of both the Dealer Manager and the Fund, the Customer Identification Program requirements in accordance with Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act and applicable SEC and Treasury Department Rules thereunder.
X. Limitation of Offer; Suitability
Participating Broker-Dealer will offer Offered Shares only to persons who meet the respective suitability standards for the Offered Shares as set forth in the Prospectus and in accordance with the offering and conditions contained therein, or in any suitability letter or memorandum sent to it by the Fund or the Dealer Manager and will only make offers to persons in the jurisdictions in which it is advised in writing that the Offered Shares are qualified for sale or that such qualification is not required. Offered Shares are available for purchase by persons meeting the suitability standards described in the Prospectus. Notwithstanding the qualification of the Offered Shares for sale in any respective jurisdiction (or the exemption therefrom), Participating Broker-Dealer represents, warrants and covenants that it will not offer Offered Shares and will not permit any of its registered representatives to offer Offered Shares in any jurisdiction unless both Participating Broker-Dealer and such registered representative are duly licensed to transact securities business in such jurisdiction. In offering Offered Shares, Participating Broker-Dealer will comply with the provisions of FINRA Rules, as well as all other applicable rules and regulations relating to suitability of investors.
Participating Broker-Dealer further represents, warrants and covenants that neither Participating Broker-Dealer, nor any person associated with Participating Broker-Dealer, shall offer or sell Offered Shares in any jurisdiction except to investors who satisfy the investor suitability standards and minimum investment requirements under the most restrictive of the following: (a) applicable provisions described in the Prospectus, including minimum income and net worth standards; (b) applicable laws of the jurisdiction of which such investor is a resident; or (c) applicable FINRA Rules. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to ensure that, in recommending the purchase, sale or exchange of Offered Shares to an investor, Participating Broker-Dealer, or a person associated with Participating Broker-Dealer, shall have reasonable grounds to believe, on the basis of information obtained from the investor (and thereafter maintained in the manner and for the period required by the SEC, any state securities commission, FINRA or the Fund) concerning his or her age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, other investments, financial situation and needs, and any other information known to Participating Broker-Dealer, or person associated with Participating Broker-Dealer, that (i) the investor can reasonably benefit from an investment in the Offered Shares based on the investor’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure, (ii) the investor is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the investor’s overall financial situation, and (iii) the investor has an apparent understanding of (A) the fundamental risks of the investment, (B) the risk that the investor may lose his or her entire investment in the Offered Shares, (C) the lack of liquidity of the Offered Shares, (D) the background and qualifications of the Adviser or the persons responsible for directing and managing the Fund, and (E) the tax consequences of an investment in the Offered Shares, provided, however, that for institutional accounts within the meaning of FINRA Rule 2111, the Participating Broker-Dealer will ensure compliance with the requirements of Rule 2111 and any applicable state law with respect to institutional accounts. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, the suitability standards must be met by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the Offered Shares or by the beneficiary of such fiduciary account. Participating Broker-Dealer further represents, warrants and covenants that Participating Broker-Dealer, or a person associated with Participating Broker-Dealer, will make every reasonable effort to determine the suitability and appropriateness of an investment in Offered Shares of each proposed investor by reviewing documents and records disclosing the basis upon which the determination as to suitability was reached as to each purchaser of Offered Shares pursuant to a subscription solicited by Participating Broker-Dealer, whether such documents and records relate to accounts which have been closed, accounts which are currently maintained, or accounts hereafter established. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to retain such documents and records in Participating Broker-Dealer’s records for a period of six years from the date of the applicable sale of Offered Shares, to otherwise comply with the record keeping requirements provided in Section XII below and to make such documents and records available to (i) the Dealer Manager and the Fund upon request, and (ii) representatives of the SEC, FINRA and applicable state securities administrators upon Participating Broker-Dealer’s receipt of an appropriate document subpoena or other appropriate request for documents from any such agency. Participating Broker-Dealer further represents, warrants and covenants that it will notify Dealer Manager in writing if an investment in the Offered Shares becomes no longer suitable or appropriate for a proposed investor prior to the acceptance of the order by the Fund. Participating Broker-Dealer shall not purchase any Offered Shares for a discretionary account without obtaining the prior written approval of Participating Broker-Dealer’s customer and his or her signature on an Investor Application.
XI. Due Diligence; Adequate Disclosure
Prior to offering the Offered Shares for sale, Participating Broker-Dealer shall have conducted an inquiry (the “Diligence Review”) such that Participating Broker-Dealer has reasonable grounds to believe, based on information made available to Participating Broker-Dealer by the Fund or the Dealer Manager through the Prospectus or other materials, that all material facts are adequately and accurately disclosed and provide a basis for evaluating a purchase of Offered Shares. In determining the adequacy of disclosed facts pursuant to the foregoing, Participating Broker-Dealer may obtain, upon request, information on material facts relating at a minimum to the following: (i) items of compensation; (ii) tax aspects; (iii) financial stability and experience of the Fund and its Adviser; (iv) conflicts and risk factors; and (v) other pertinent reports. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Participating Broker-Dealer may rely upon the results of an inquiry conducted by an independent third party retained for that purpose or another Participating Broker-Dealer, provided that: (i) such Participating Broker-Dealer has reasonable grounds to believe that such inquiry was conducted with due care by said independent third party or such other Participating Broker-Dealer; (ii) the results of the inquiry were provided to Participating Broker-Dealer with the consent of the other Participating Broker-Dealer conducting or directing the inquiry; and (iii) no Participating Broker-Dealer that participated in the inquiry is an affiliate of the Fund or its Adviser. Prior to the sale of the Offered Shares, Participating Broker-Dealer shall inform each prospective purchaser of Offered Shares of pertinent facts relating to the Offered Shares including specifically the lack of liquidity and lack of marketability of the Offered Shares during the term of the investment but shall not, in any event, make any representation on behalf of the Fund or the Adviser except as set forth in the Prospectus and any Authorized Sales Materials.
XII. Compliance with Record Keeping Requirements
Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to comply with the record keeping requirements of the Exchange Act, including but not limited to, Rules 17a-3 and 17a-4 promulgated under the Exchange Act. Participating Broker-Dealer further agrees to keep such records with respect to each customer who purchases Offered Shares, his or her suitability and the amount of Offered Shares sold, and to retain such records for such period of time as may be required by the SEC, any state securities commission, FINRA or the Fund.
XIII. Customer Complaints
Each party hereby agrees to provide to the other party copies of any written or otherwise documented customer complaints received by such party relating in any way to the Offering (including, but not limited to, the manner in which the Offered Shares are offered by the Dealer Manager or Participating Broker-Dealer), the Offered Shares or the Fund in the case of the Dealer Manager, and only in such cases as such complaints relate to the Participating Broker-Dealer, in the case of the Participating Broker-Dealer.
XIV. Effective Date
This Agreement will become effective upon the last date it is signed by either party hereto. Upon effectiveness of this Agreement, all offers and sales of Offered Shares by Participating Broker-Dealer will be made pursuant to this Agreement exclusively and not through any prior agreement between Participating Broker-Dealer and the Dealer Manager, if any.
XV. Termination; Survival; Amendment
Participating Broker-Dealer will immediately suspend or terminate its offer and sale of Offered Shares upon the request of the Fund or the Dealer Manager at any time and will resume its offer and sale of Offered Shares hereunder upon subsequent request of the Fund or the Dealer Manager. Any party may terminate this Agreement by written notice, which termination shall be effective 48 hours after such notice is given. This Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Fund’s trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Fund and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Fund’s distribution plan or this Agreement or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or the affected Offered Shares, on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Dealer Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer. This Agreement and the exhibits and schedules hereto are the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, if any, between the parties hereto.
This Agreement may be amended at any time by the Dealer Manager by written notice to Participating Broker-Dealer, and any such amendment shall be deemed accepted by Participating Broker-Dealer upon placing an order for sale of Offered Shares after it has received such notice.
The respective agreements and obligations of Participating Broker-Dealer and the Dealer Manager set forth in Articles I, IV, V, VII, VIII, X, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXIV and XXV of this Agreement and Section 5 of the Dealer Manager Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of this Agreement.
Notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement or the payment of any amount to Participating Broker-Dealer, Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to pay Participating Broker-Dealer’s proportionate share of any claim, demand or liability asserted against Participating Broker-Dealer and the other Participating Broker-Dealers on the basis that the Participating Broker-Dealers or any of them constitute an association, unincorporated business or other separate entity, including in each case Participating Broker-Dealer’s proportionate share of any expenses incurred in defending against any such claim, demand or liability.
XVI. Privacy Laws
The Dealer Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer (each referred to individually in this section as a “party”) agree as follows:
(a) Each party agrees to abide by and comply with (i) the privacy standards and requirements of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“GLB Act”) and Regulation S-P; (ii) the privacy standards and requirements of any other applicable Federal or state law; and (iii) its own internal privacy policies and procedures, each as may be amended from time to time;
(b) Each party agrees to refrain from the use or disclosure of non-public personal information (as defined under the GLB Act) of all customers who have opted out of such disclosures except as necessary to service the customers or as otherwise necessary or required by applicable law; and
(c) Each party shall be responsible for determining which customers have opted out of the disclosure of non-public personal information by periodically reviewing and, if necessary, retrieving a list of such customers (the “List”) as provided by each to identify customers that have exercised their opt-out rights. In the event either party uses or discloses non-public personal information of any customer for purposes other than servicing the customer, or as otherwise required by applicable law, that party will consult the List to determine whether the affected customer has exercised his or her opt-out rights. Each party understands that each is prohibited from using or disclosing any non-public personal information of any customer that is identified on the List as having opted out of such disclosures.
XVII. Electronic Signatures and Electronic Delivery of Documents
If Participating Broker-Dealer has adopted or adopts a process by which persons may authorize certain account-related transactions and/or requests, in whole or in part, by “Electronic Signature” (as such term is defined by the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq., the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, as promulgated by the Uniform Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Law in July 1999 and as adopted by the relevant jurisdiction(s) where Participating Broker-Dealer is licensed, and applicable rules, regulations and/or guidance relating to the use of electronic signatures issued by the SEC and FINRA (collectively, “Electronic Signature Law”)), to the extent the Fund allows the use of Electronic Signature, in whole or in part, Participating Broker-Dealer represents that: (i) each Electronic Signature will be genuine; (ii) each Electronic Signature will represent the signature of the person required to sign the Investor Application or other form to which such Electronic Signature is affixed; and (iii) Participating Broker-Dealer will comply with the terms outlined in the Electronic Signature Use Rules of Engagement attached as Exhibit A hereto. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to the Electronic Signature Use Indemnity Agreement attached as Exhibit B hereto.
If Participating Broker-Dealer intends to use electronic delivery to distribute the Prospectus or other documents related to the Fund to any person, Participating Broker-Dealer will comply with all applicable rules, regulations and/or guidance relating to the electronic delivery of documents issued by the SEC, FINRA and state securities administrators and any other laws or regulations related to the electronic delivery of prospectuses. In particular, and without limitation, Participating Broker-Dealer shall comply with the prospectus delivery and completion of sale timing requirements for Offered Shares as set forth in applicable Statements of Policy adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association.
XVIII. Notice
All notices will be in writing and will be duly given when mailed to:
If to the Fund: | Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202 | ||
Greenwich, CT 06830 | ||
Attention: Legal | ||
If to the Dealer Manager: | WealthForge Securities, LLC | |
3015 W. Moore Street, Suite 102 | ||
Richmond, VA 23230 | ||
Facsimile: 804-308-0437 | ||
Attention: Legal |
and to Participating Broker-Dealer when mailed to the address specified by Participating Broker-Dealer below.
XIX. Applicable Law and Venue
This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim or dispute of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement, directly or indirectly, shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts formed and to be formed entirely within the State of New York, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles and rules thereof, to the extent such principles would require or permit the application of the laws of another jurisdiction; provided, however, that the governing law for causes of action for violations of federal or state securities law shall be governed by the applicable federal or state securities law.
XX. Successors, Assigns and Novation
Participating Broker-Dealer or Dealer Manager shall not assign this Agreement or any right, interest or benefit under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Fund. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Dealer Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
This Agreement may be assigned without prior consent (but upon written notice by assigning party to Fund and Dealer Manager) by either party to any company (i) that acquires all or substantially all of that party’s assets, or into which the party is merged or otherwise reorganized, or (ii) that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such party.
Notwithstanding the above, upon the applicability of Rule 12b-1 to the Fund, this Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Investment Company Act).
If the Dealer Manager effects a novation of the Dealer Manager Agreement, this Agreement shall be novated to substitute a broker-dealer that is owned by the Adviser or an affiliate of Adviser (the “Eagle Point Dealer Manager”) for the Dealer Manager as a party to this Agreement (the “Novation”), with such Novation effective upon written notice to Participating Broker-Dealer. Upon the effectuation of the Novation, (i) the Dealer Manager is released from all of its duties and obligations under the Agreement, (ii) all rights and obligations under this Agreement of the Dealer Manager are assigned to the Eagle Point Dealer Manager, and (iii) the Eagle Point Dealer Manager assumes all rights, duties and obligations of the Dealer Manager under this Agreement.
This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns.
XXI. Arbitration
All disputes arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, including without limitation, its existence, validity, interpretation, performance, breach or termination, and any provisions of the Dealer Manager Agreement incorporated into this Agreement, shall be submitted to, and fully and finally resolved by, binding arbitration, conducted on a confidential basis, under the then current commercial arbitration rules of the American Arbitration Association, except to the extent a claim is required to be arbitrated as specified in FINRA rules in which case the FINRA rules of arbitration will apply, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (including the governing law provisions of this section) and pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. §§ 1–16). All arbitration proceedings, and all documents, pleadings and transcripts associated therewith, shall be kept strictly confidential by all parties, their counsel and other advisors, employees, experts and all others under their reasonable control. Unless the parties otherwise agree, each party shall appoint one arbitrator and the two party-appointed arbitrators shall appoint the third arbitrator, who shall also be the chair of the arbitration panel (the “Arbitrator). The parties will request that the Arbitrator issue written findings of fact and conclusions of law. The Arbitrator shall not be empowered to make any award or render any judgment for punitive damages, and the Arbitrator shall be required to follow applicable law in construing this Agreement, making awards, and rendering judgments. The decision of the Arbitrator shall be final and binding, and judgment upon any arbitration award may be entered in any appropriate state or federal court within the County of New York, State of New York or any other court having competent jurisdiction. All arbitration hearings will be held (i) for claims required to be arbitrated as specified in FINRA rules, at the New York FINRA District Office, (ii) in all other cases, in New York, NY, or (iii) in either case, at another mutually agreed upon site. In the event that a third party brings an action or other proceeding against either party to this Agreement (a “Third Party Action”), then the party to this Agreement against which or whom such Third Party Action is brought or asserted, may in such Third Party Action, litigate any related claim which it may have against the other party to this Agreement, including, without limitation, by way of a claim, indemnity, cross-claim, counterclaim, interpleader or other third party action without being obligate to arbitrate the same as otherwise provided in this Section XXI, except to the extent otherwise required in the FINRA rules regarding arbitration. In any such case, the matter which is the subject of such Third Party Action (including any related claims, indemnity, cross-claim, counterclaim, interpleader or other third party action, which either party hereto may have against the other) shall not be subject to arbitration, but shall be resolved exclusively within such Third Party Action. Notwithstanding anything set forth herein to the contrary, no party will be prevented from immediately seeking provisional remedies in courts of competent jurisdiction, including but not limited to, temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions in aid of arbitration, but such remedies will not be sought as a means to avoid or stay arbitration. In the event a court grants provisional remedies, the duration thereof shall last no longer than the Arbitrator (upon constitution of the arbitration panel) deems necessary to review such provisional remedies and render its own decision. Except as provided otherwise in Section 6 of the Dealer Manager Agreement, in any action or arbitration to enforce the provisions of this Agreement or to secure damages for its breach, the prevailing party shall recover its costs and reasonable attorney’s fees. Each party to this Agreement hereby waives a trial by jury in any legal action or proceeding relating to this Agreement.
XXII. Severability
The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the other provisions hereof, and this Agreement shall be construed in all respects as if such invalid or unenforceable provision was omitted.
XXIII. Counterparts
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts. Each counterpart, when executed and delivered, shall be an original contract, but all counterparts, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement. This Agreement will become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties, which delivery may be made by exchange of copies of the signature page by facsimile or electronic transmission.
XXIV. No Partnership
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed or interpreted to constitute Participating Broker-Dealer as an employee, agent or representative of, or in association with or in partnership with, the Dealer Manager, the Fund, the Adviser or the other Participating Broker-Dealers; instead, this Agreement shall only constitute Participating Broker-Dealer as a dealer authorized by the Dealer Manager to sell the Offered Shares according to the terms set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented and in this Agreement.
XXV. Confidentiality
Dealer Manager, the Fund, the Adviser or one of their affiliates or employees, agents or advisers (“Representatives”) (all such entities and persons, each an “Eagle Point Entity”, and collectively, the “Eagle Point Entities”) may have provided and will furnish to Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives with certain information that is either non-public, confidential or proprietary in nature in order to enable Participating Broker-Dealer to perform a diligence review. This information furnished to Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives, including the terms and conditions of any agreements entered into between Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates and any Eagle Point Entity, together with analyses, compilations, forecasts, studies or other documents prepared by Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives which contain or otherwise reflect such information is hereinafter referred to as the “Information.” The term Information shall not include such portions of the Information which (i) are or become generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives in violation of this Agreement, or (ii) become available to Participating Broker-Dealer on a non-confidential basis from a source other than an Eagle Point Entity that has a bona fide right to such Information and which is not subject to any obligation to keep such Information confidential. In consideration of the Eagle Point Entities furnishing Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives with the Information, Participating Broker-Dealer agrees that:
(a) The Information will be kept confidential and shall not, without an Eagle Point Entity’s prior written consent, be disseminated or disclosed by Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives, in any manner whatsoever, in whole or in part, and shall not be used by Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives, other than in connection with performing the diligence review contemplated by Section XI of this Agreement. Moreover, Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to reveal the Information only to such of its affiliates or Representatives who need to know the Information for the purpose of performing the diligence review contemplated by Section XI of this Agreement, who are informed by Participating Broker-Dealer of the confidential nature of the Information and who agree to act in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Section XXV.
(b) All copies of the Information will be returned to the Eagle Point Entities or destroyed upon an Eagle Point Entity’s request.
(c) In the event that Participating Broker-Dealer or any of its affiliates or Representatives are requested or required (by oral questions, depositions, interrogatories, requests for information or documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other process) to disclose any of the Information, Participating Broker-Dealer will provide the Eagle Point Entities with prompt written notice so that any of the Eagle Point Entities may seek a protective order, other appropriate remedy or waive compliance with the provisions of this Agreement. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained, or that an Eagle Point Entity waives compliance with the provisions of this Agreement, Participating Broker-Dealer shall disclose such Information without liability hereunder; provided, however, that Participating Broker-Dealer will furnish only that portion of the Information which, in the opinion of its counsel, Participating Broker-Dealer is compelled to disclose and will not oppose any action by an Eagle Point Entity to obtain reliable assurance that confidential treatment will be accorded the Information. Participating Broker-Dealer further agrees to exercise its reasonable efforts to otherwise preserve the confidentiality of the Information. Upon reasonable notice, Participating Broker-Dealer further agrees to cooperate with the Eagle Point Entities in obtaining a protective order or other appropriate remedy.
(d) In no event shall any of the Eagle Point Entities be liable for any losses, damages, claims or expenses incurred or actions undertaken by Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives as a result of their receipt of the Information or their use thereof. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees that the Information is and shall remain the property of the Eagle Point Entities and that none of the Eagle Point Entities has granted Participating Broker-Dealer or its affiliates or Representatives any license, copyright, or similar right with respect to any of the Information.
(e) Participating Broker-Dealer hereby acknowledges that Participating Broker-Dealer is aware, and that Participating Broker-Dealer will advise its affiliates or Representatives who have been provided with Information, that the United States securities laws prohibit any person who has received from an issuer material, non-public information from purchasing or selling securities of such issuer or from communicating such information to any other person under circumstances in which it is reasonably foreseeable that such person is likely to purchase or sell such securities. Participating Broker-Dealer further acknowledges that some or all of the Information is or may be price-sensitive information and that the use of such Information may be regulated or prohibited by applicable legislation relating to insider dealing and Participating Broker-Dealer undertakes, on behalf of itself and its Representatives, not to use any Information for any unlawful purpose.
(f) The Eagle Point Entities has the right to enforce this Section XXV as a third-party beneficiary.
[Signatures Appear on Following Pages]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on its behalf by its duly authorized agent.
“DEALER MANAGER” WealthForge Securities, LLC | ||
By: | [ ] | |
[ ] |
We have read the foregoing Agreement and we hereby accept and agree to the terms and conditions therein set forth. We hereby represent that the jurisdictions identified below represent a true and correct list of all jurisdictions in which we are registered or licensed as a broker or dealer and are fully authorized to sell securities, and we agree to advise you of any change in such list during the term of this Agreement.
1. | Identity of Participating Broker-Dealer: | |||
Full Legal Name: | ||||
(to be completed by Participating Broker-Dealer) | ||||
Type of Entity: | ||||
(to be completed by Participating Broker-Dealer) | ||||
Organized in the State of: | ||||
(to be completed by Participating Broker-Dealer) | ||||
Tax Identification Number: | ||||
(to be completed by Participating Broker-Dealer) | ||||
FINRA/CRD Number: | ||||
(to be completed by Participating Broker-Dealer) | ||||
2. | Any notice under this Agreement will be deemed given pursuant to Section XVIII hereof when delivered to Participating Broker-Dealer as follows: |
Company Name: | |||
Attention to: | (Name) | ||
(Title) | |||
Street Address: |
City, State and Zip Code: |
Telephone No.: | |||
Facsimile No.: | |||
Email Address: |
Accepted and agreed as of the date below:
“PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER” | |||
(Print Name of Participating Broker-Dealer) | |||
By: | |||
Name: | |||
Title: | |||
Date: |
“FUND” Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
|||
By: | |||
Name: | |||
Title: | |||
Date: |
SCHEDULE 1
TO
PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
WEALTHFORGE SECURITIES, LLC (“DEALER MANAGER”)
Check the applicable row on the table below for sales of the Offered Shares under this Agreement.
Selected by Participating Broker-Dealer (X) | Sales Load | Upfront Selling Commission (1) | Dealer Manager Fee (1), (2) | Public Offering Price (based on the NAV per share of the Fund as of the date of purchase) | ||||
[ ] | 6.0% | 4.0% | 2.0% | $10.64 | ||||
[ ] | 5.5% | 3.5% | 2.0% | $10.58 | ||||
[ ] | 5.0% | 3.0% | 2.0% | $10.53 | ||||
[ ] | 4.5% | 2.5% | 2.0% | $10.47 | ||||
[ ] | 4.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | $10.42 | ||||
[ ] | 3.5% | 1.5% | 2.0% | $10.36 | ||||
[ ] | 3.0% | 1.0% | 2.0% | $10.31 | ||||
[ ] | 2.5% | 0.5% | 2.0% | $10.26 | ||||
[ ] | 2.0% | 0.0% | 2.0% | $10.20 | ||||
[ ] | 1.5% | 0.0% | 1.5% | $10.15 | ||||
[ ] | 1.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% | $10.10 | ||||
[ ] | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.5% | $10.05 | ||||
[ ] | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | $10.00 (Net Asset Value) |
(1) Paid on Shares sold in the Offering, excluding Shares sold pursuant to the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan, as provided in this Agreement and in the Prospectus. Percentages are based on offering price per share.
(2) Eligibility to receive a reallowance of the Upfront Selling Commission or the Dealer Manager Fee is conditioned upon the Participating Broker-Dealer’s compliance with one or more of the following conditions. Any determination regarding the Participating Broker-Dealer’s compliance with the listed conditions will be made by the Dealer Manager, in its sole discretion.
• | The Participating Broker-Dealer has and uses internal marketing support personnel (such as telemarketers, or a marketing director) to assist the Dealer Manager’s marketing team; |
• | The Participating Broker-Dealer has and uses internal marketing communications vehicles, such as newsletters, conference calls, discs and internal mail to promote the Fund and the Offering; |
• | The Participating Broker-Dealer will answer investors’ inquiries concerning quarterly statements, valuations, distribution rates, tax information, annual reports, reinvestment rights and procedures, and the financial status of the Fund; |
• | The Participating Broker-Dealer will assist investors with reinvestments; |
• | The Participating Broker-Dealer will maintain the technology necessary to adequately service the Fund’s investors as otherwise associated with the Offering; and |
• | The Participating Broker-Dealer will provide other services requested by investors from time to time. |
Broker-Dealer Reallowance: ____________% on price paid per share on all sales under this Agreement.
SCHEDULE 2
TO
PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
WEALTHFORGE SECURITIES, LLC (“DEALER MANAGER”)
NAME OF ISSUER: | Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
NAME OF PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER: | |
SCHEDULE TO AGREEMENT DATED: |
Participating Broker-Dealer hereby authorizes the Dealer Manager or its agent to deposit Selling Commissions and other payments due to it pursuant to this Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement to its bank account specified below. This authority will remain in force until Participating Broker-Dealer notifies the Dealer Manager in writing to cancel it. In the event that the Dealer Manager deposits funds erroneously into Participating Broker-Dealer’s account, the Dealer Manager is authorized to debit the account with no prior notice to Participating Broker-Dealer for an amount not to exceed the amount of the erroneous deposit. Instructions provided pursuant to this Schedule 2 will supersede the instructions provided by Participating Broker-Dealer with respect to all other funds sponsored by EAGLE POINT CREDIT MANAGEMENT LLC (“EAGLE POINT”).
¨ ACH | ¨ Wire | |||
Bank Name: | ||||
Bank Address: | ||||
Bank Routing Number: | ||||
Account Number: |
“PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER” (Print Name of Participating Broker-Dealer/Beneficiary) |
||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: | ||
Date: |
SCHEDULE 3
TO
PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
WEALTHFORGE SECURITIES, LLC
Participating Broker-Dealer represents and warrants that it is currently licensed as a broker-dealer in the following jurisdictions:
¨ | Alabama | ¨ | Nebraska | |||
¨ | Alaska | ¨ | Nevada | |||
¨ | Arizona | ¨ | New Hampshire | |||
¨ | Arkansas | ¨ | New Jersey | |||
¨ | California | ¨ | New Mexico | |||
¨ | Colorado | ¨ | New York | |||
¨ | Connecticut | ¨ | North Carolina | |||
¨ | Delaware | ¨ | North Dakota | |||
¨ | District of Columbia | ¨ | Ohio | |||
¨ | Florida | ¨ | Oklahoma | |||
¨ | Georgia | ¨ | Oregon | |||
¨ | Hawaii | ¨ | Pennsylvania | |||
¨ | Idaho | ¨ | Puerto Rico | |||
¨ | Illinois | ¨ | Rhode Island | |||
¨ | Indiana | ¨ | South Carolina | |||
¨ | Iowa | ¨ | South Dakota | |||
¨ | Kansas | ¨ | Tennessee | |||
¨ | Kentucky | ¨ | Texas | |||
¨ | Louisiana | ¨ | Utah | |||
¨ | Maine | ¨ | Vermont | |||
¨ | Maryland | ¨ | Virginia | |||
¨ | Massachusetts | ¨ | Washington | |||
¨ | Michigan | ¨ | West Virginia | |||
¨ | Minnesota | ¨ | Wisconsin | |||
¨ | Mississippi | ¨ | Wyoming | |||
¨ | Missouri | |||||
¨ | Montana |
EXHIBIT A
ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE USE RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
In consideration of the Fund allowing Participating Broker-Dealer and Participating Broker-Dealer’s clients to authorize certain account-related transactions and/or requests, in whole or in part, by Electronic Signature (as such term is defined in Section XVII hereof), and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Participating Broker-Dealer does hereby, for itself and its successors and permitted assigns, covenant and agree:
1. | That Participating Broker-Dealer has selected an appropriate electronic signature technology that: (a) adheres to applicable Electronic Signature Law; (b) provides a visible indication that an Electronic Signature was affixed to the relevant document and displays the date on which such Electronic Signature was affixed thereto; (c) employs an authentication process to establish signer credentials (the “Authentication Process”); (d) prevents the Electronic Signature from repudiation; (e) protects the signed record from undetected and unauthorized alteration after signing; and (f) utilizes a password protected, encrypted interface to provide client access to documents to be signed electronically or which have previously been signed electronically. The Authentication Process will comply with the Customer Identification Program requirements of the USA Patriot Act. |
2. | That (a) Participating Broker-Dealer shall advise clients that participation in the Electronic Signature program is optional; (b) clients must expressly opt into the Electronic Signature program to participate; (c) any client that fails to make an election will execute paper subscription documents; (d) clients may terminate their participation in the Electronic Signature program at any time; (e) clients that elect to participate in the Electronic Signature program will have the ability to elect to receive the Prospectus and other materials electronically or in paper form; (f) the same investment opportunities will be available to the client, regardless of whether the client participates in the Electronic Signature program; (g) the use of Electronic Signatures will not affect the Participating Broker-Dealer’s obligation to make the suitability determinations that are required under the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement and the Dealer Manager Agreement; and (h) Participating Broker-Dealer maintains and will comply with written policies and procedures covering its use of Electronic Signatures. |
3. | That Participating Broker-Dealer will maintain a copy (the “Record”) of each Electronic Signature used to execute a transaction and/or request for the life of the account and a minimum of seven years after the account is closed, or for such longer period as any law, rule or regulation may require. Participating Broker-Dealer will provide such Record to the Fund and/or the Dealer Manager upon request. Supporting documentation for the use of any Electronic Signature will be maintained and available to the Fund and/or the Dealer Manager upon request. Participating Broker-Dealer will maintain all Records in accordance with applicable recordkeeping obligations under state and federal securities laws and regulations and all applicable FINRA rules and regulations. |
4. | Electronic Signature may only be used to the extent permitted by the Fund. |
5. | That the consent of Participating Broker-Dealer’s client will be obtained for the use of Electronic Signature prior to delivery of any Electronic Signature to the Dealer Manager or the Fund. For each transaction and/or request submitted, the signer must be informed that an Electronic Signature is being created. If a party must sign a single document in more than one place, a separate signature or expression of intent to sign will be obtained for each location where a signature is required. If multiple documents are to be signed, a separate signature or expression of intent to sign will be obtained for each document. |
6. | That, if Electronic Signature credentials may be used multiple times, Participating Broker-Dealer will use a procedure to identify and de-activate expired, withdrawn or compromised credentials. Participating Broker-Dealer will establish procedures for removing Electronic Signature credentials when a client no longer wishes to participate in the use of Electronic Signature. |
7. | Participating Broker-Dealer may not limit its clients to the use of Electronic Signature or electronic delivery of documents only. Participating Broker-Dealer will allow its clients to elect to sign any document with a manual signature. Participating Broker-Dealer will allow its clients to elect to receive any document in paper format. Participating Broker-Dealer may not charge its clients different fees or expenses based on their clients election to participate, or not to participate, in the Electronic Signature program. |
EXHIBIT B
ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE USE INDEMNITY AGREEMENT
The Participating Broker-Dealer has adopted a process by which clients may authorize certain account-related transactions or requests, in whole or in part, evidenced by Electronic Signature (as such term is defined in Section XVII hereof). In consideration of the Fund allowing Participating Broker-Dealer and its clients to certain account-related transactions and/or requests, in whole or in part, by Electronic Signature, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Participating Broker-Dealer does hereby, for itself and its successors and permitted assigns, covenant and agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Fund, the Dealer Manager, each of their affiliates and each of their and their affiliates’ officers, directors, trustees, agents and employees, in whatever capacity they may act, from and against any and all claims (whether groundless or otherwise), losses, liabilities, damages and expenses, including, but not limited to, costs, disbursements and reasonable counsel fees (whether incurred in connection with such claims, losses, liabilities, damages and expenses or in connection with the enforcement of any rights hereunder), arising out of or in connection with the Participating Broker-Dealer’s representations or covenants set forth in Section XVII hereof or the representations described below.
The Participating Broker-Dealer represents that it will comply with the terms outlined in the Electronic Signature Use Rules of Engagement attached hereto as Exhibit A. Participating Broker-Dealer represents that the Fund may accept any Electronic Signature without any responsibility to verify or authenticate that it is the signature of Participating Broker-Dealer’s client given with such client’s prior authorization and consent. Participating Broker-Dealer represents that the Fund may act in accordance with the instructions authorized by Electronic Signature without any responsibility to verify that Participating Broker-Dealer’s client intended to give the Electronic Signature for the purpose of authorizing the instruction, transaction or request and that Participating Broker-Dealer’s client received all disclosures required by applicable Electronic Signature Law. Participating Broker-Dealer agrees to provide a copy of each Electronic Signature and further evidence supporting any Electronic Signature upon request by the Fund.
EXHIBIT B
COMPENSATION
The Fund agrees that it will pay to the Dealer Manager a portion of the sales load as specified in the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement and in the Prospectus (which is comprised of an Up-Front Selling Commission of up to 4.0% and Dealer Manager Fee of up to 2.0% (as a percent of the price per share)). Under no circumstances will the Up-Front Selling Commission and the Dealer Manager Fee exceed 6.0%. In accordance with the Participating Broker-Dealer Agreement, the Dealer Manager may reallow all or a portion of the distribution and/or service fees, Up-Front Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees to Participating Broker-Dealers.
Exhibit (j)(1)
CUSTODY AGREEMENT
Dated February 4, 2022
Between
UMB BANK, N.A.
and
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
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CUSTODY AGREEMENT
This agreement made as of the date first set forth above between UMB Bank, n.a., a national banking association with its principal place of business located in Kansas City, Missouri (hereinafter "Custodian") and Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Fund").
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Fund is registered as a closed-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“the 1940 Act”); and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to appoint Custodian as its custodian for the custody of Assets (as hereinafter defined) owned by such Fund, which Assets are to be held in such accounts as such Fund may establish from time to time; and
WHEREAS, Custodian is willing to accept such appointment on the terms and conditions hereof.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, mutually covenant and agree as follows:
1. APPOINTMENT OF CUSTODIAN.
The Fund hereby constitutes and appoints the Custodian as custodian of Assets belonging to each such Fund which have been or may be from time to time delivered to and accepted by the Custodian. Custodian accepts such appointment as a custodian and agrees to perform the duties and responsibilities of Custodian as set forth herein on the conditions set forth herein. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Assets” shall include Securities, monies, and other property held by the Custodian for the benefit of a Fund. “Security” or “Securities” shall mean stocks, bonds, rights, warrants, certificates, instruments, loan agreements, obligations and other evidence of indebtedness and all other investments which have been or may from time to time be delivered to and accepted by the Custodian. For the avoidance of doubt, “Securities” shall include, for purposes of the Fund’s investments in underlying investment companies, the completed subscription agreements (or any document, however titled, containing factual information regarding the Fund and Fund representations and warranties necessary to make the investment, which shall be defined herein as a “Subscription Agreement”), pertaining to such underlying investment company. Custodian shall have no obligation to treat a Subscription Agreement as a Security until the Fund delivers such completed Subscription Agreement to the Custodian. “Securities” need not be certificated and may consist of contractual rights in respect of Securities (e.g., participation agreements) (“Uncertificated Securities and Contract Rights”).
2. INSTRUCTIONS.
(a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means:
(i) | a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; |
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(ii) | a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; |
(iii) | a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; |
(iv) | a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or |
(v) | other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. |
Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.
(b) “Special Instructions,” as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of a Fund , which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto.
(c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and the Fund.
(d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions.
(e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete.
(f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian.
(g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), the Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.
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3. DELIVERY OF CORPORATE AND OTHER DOCUMENTS.
Each of the parties to this Agreement represents that its execution does not violate any of the provisions of its respective charter, articles of incorporation, partnership agreement, declaration of trust, articles of association or bylaws, that all required corporate or organizational action to authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement has been taken, and that the person signing this Agreement is authorized to bind such party.
The Fund agrees to provide the Custodian, upon request, documentation regarding the Fund, including, by way of example: certificates of incorporation or trust, by-laws, resolutions, registration statements, W-9s and other tax-related documentation, compliance policies and procedures and other compliance documents, etc.
In addition, the Fund has delivered or will promptly deliver to the Custodian, copies of the Resolution(s) of its Board of Directors or Trustees and all amendments or supplements thereto, properly certified or authenticated, designating certain officers or employees of each such Fund who will have continuing authority to certify to the Custodian: (a) the names, titles, signatures and scope of authority of all persons authorized to give Instructions or any other notice, request, direction, instruction, certificate or instrument on behalf of the Fund, and (b) the names, titles and signatures of those persons authorized to countersign or confirm Special Instructions on behalf of the Fund (in both cases collectively, the "Authorized Persons" and individually, an "Authorized Person"). Such Resolutions and certificates may be accepted and relied upon by the Custodian as conclusive evidence of the facts set forth therein and shall be considered to be in full force and effect until delivery to the Custodian of a similar Resolution or certificate to the contrary; provided, however, that the Custodian may rely upon any written designation furnished by the Treasurer or other officer of the Fund designating persons authorized to countersign or confirm Special Instructions (as provided in Section 2(b)). Upon delivery of a certificate which deletes or does not include the name(s) of a person previously authorized to give Instructions or to countersign or confirm Special Instructions, such person shall no longer be considered an Authorized Person authorized to give Instructions or to countersign or confirm Special Instructions. Unless the certificate specifically requires that the approval of anyone else will first have been obtained, the Custodian will be under no obligation to inquire into the right of the person giving such Instructions or Special Instructions to do so. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, no Instructions or Special Instructions received by the Custodian from a Fund will be deemed to authorize or permit any director, trustee, officer, employee, or agent of such Fund to withdraw any of the Assets of such Fund upon the mere receipt of such authorization, Special Instructions or Instructions from such director, trustee, officer, employee or agent.
The Fund further agrees to promptly provide the Custodian completed Subscription Agreements and any other applicable documentation for the Fund’s investment in any underlying investment companies. Such investments will only be Securities, and therefore Assets of the Fund, upon receipt by the Custodian of completed Subscription Agreements for the Fund. The Fund undertakes to work with Custodian to ensure that quarterly confirmations, and any documentation representing changes to the Fund’s holding in such investment (such as related to an “add-on” purchase), are provided to Custodian as soon as practicably possible.
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4. POWERS AND DUTIES OF CUSTODIAN AND DOMESTIC SUBCUSTODIAN.
Except for Assets held by any Foreign Subcustodian, Special Subcustodian or Eligible Securities Depository appointed pursuant to Sections 5(b), (c), or (f) of this Agreement, the Custodian shall have and perform the powers and duties hereinafter set forth in this Section 4. For purposes of this Section 4 all references to powers and duties of the "Custodian" shall also refer to any Domestic Subcustodian appointed pursuant to Section 5(a).
(a) Safekeeping.
The Custodian will keep safely the Assets of the Fund which are delivered to and accepted by it from time to time (other than Uncertificated Securities and Contract Rights). The Custodian shall notify a Fund if it is unwilling or unable to accept custody of any asset of such Fund. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any property of a Fund held by a Fund and not delivered to the Custodian or for any pre-existing faults or defects in Assets that are delivered to the Custodian.
(b) Manner of Holding Securities.
(1) The Custodian shall at all times hold Securities of the Fund either: (i) by physical possession of the share certificates, completed Subscription Agreements, or other instruments representing such Securities, in registered or bearer form; in the vault of the Custodian, Domestic Subcustodian, a Special Custodian, depository or agent of the Custodian; or in an account maintained by the Custodian or agent at a Securities System (as hereinafter defined); or (ii) in book-entry form by a Securities System in accordance with the provisions of sub-paragraph (3) below.
(2) The Custodian may hold registrable portfolio Securities which have been delivered to it in physical form, by registering the same in the name of the appropriate Fund or its nominee, or in the name of the Custodian or its nominee, for whose actions such Fund and Custodian, respectively, shall be fully responsible. Upon the receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall hold such Securities in street certificate form, so called, with or without any indication of representative capacity. However, unless it receives Instructions to the contrary, the Custodian will register all such portfolio Securities in the name of the Custodian's authorized nominee. All such Securities shall be held in an account of the Custodian containing only assets of the appropriate Fund or only assets held by the Custodian for the benefit of customers, provided that the records of the Custodian shall indicate at all times the Fund or other customer for which such Securities are held in such accounts and the respective interests therein.
(3) The Custodian may deposit and/or maintain domestic Securities owned by a Fund in, and the Fund hereby approves use of: (a) The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation; (b) any other clearing agency registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which acts as a securities depository; and (c) a Federal Reserve Bank or other entity authorized to operate the federal book-entry system described in the regulations of the Department of the Treasury or book-entry systems operated pursuant to comparable regulations of other federal agencies. Upon the receipt of Special Instructions, the Custodian may deposit and/or maintain domestic Securities owned by a Fund in any other domestic clearing agency that may otherwise be authorized by the SEC to serve in the capacity of depository or clearing agent for the Securities or other assets of investment companies and that acts as a Securities depository. Each of the foregoing shall be referred to in this Agreement as a "Securities System", and all such Securities Systems shall be listed on the attached Appendix A. Use of a Securities System shall be in accordance with applicable Federal Reserve Board and SEC rules and regulations, if any, and subject to the following provisions:
(i) The Custodian may deposit the Securities directly or through one or more agents or Subcustodians which are also qualified to act as custodians for investment companies.
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(ii) Securities held in a Securities System shall be subject to any agreements or rules effective between the Securities System and the Custodian or a Subcustodian, as the case may be.
(iii) Any Securities deposited or maintained in a Securities System shall be held in an account ("Account") of the Custodian or a Subcustodian in the Securities System that includes only assets held by the Custodian or a Subcustodian as a custodian or otherwise for customers.
(iv) The books and records of the Custodian shall at all times identify those Securities belonging to the Fund which are maintained in a Securities System.
(v) The Custodian shall pay for Securities purchased for the account of a Fund only upon (a) receipt of advice from the Securities System that such Securities have been transferred to the Account of the Custodian in accordance with the rules of the Securities System, and (b) the making of an entry on the records of the Custodian to reflect such payment and transfer for the account of such Fund. The Custodian shall transfer Securities sold for the account of a Fund only upon (a) receipt of advice from the Securities System that payment for such Securities has been transferred to the Account of the Custodian in accordance with the rules of the Securities System, and (b) the making of an entry on the records of the Custodian to reflect such transfer and payment for the account of such Fund. Copies of all advices from the Securities System relating to transfers of Securities for the account of a Fund shall be maintained for such Fund by the Custodian. Such copies may be maintained by the Custodian in electronic form. The Custodian shall make available to the Fund or its agent on the next business day, by Electronic Communication, facsimile, or other means reasonably acceptable to both parties, daily transaction activity that shall include each day’s transactions for the account of such Fund.
(vi) The Custodian shall, if requested by a Fund pursuant to Instructions, provide such Fund with reports obtained by the Custodian or any Subcustodian with respect to a Securities System's accounting system, internal accounting control and procedures for safeguarding Securities deposited in the Securities System.
(4) The Custodian shall not be required to credit or deposit Uncertificated Securities and Contract Rights on behalf of the Fund but shall instead maintain a record (in book-entry form or in such other form as it shall deem necessary or desirable) of such Uncertificated Securities and Contract Rights owned by the Fund containing such information as the Fund and the Custodian may reasonably agree, provided that the Fund shall have furnished to the Custodian such documents evidencing the Fund’s investment in each such Uncertificated Security or rights under each such Contract Right, together with a description of the material terms of any such Uncertificated Security or Contract Right as requested by the Custodian (collectively, such documents and information are referred to herein as the “Investment Documents”) . The Custodian’s sole duties as it relates to such Uncertificated Securities and Contract Rights of the Company shall be to (i) maintain a record of such Uncertificated Securities and Contract Rights (based on the information provided to the Custodian pursuant to the preceding sentence) (the “Recordkeeping Duties”) and (ii) to retain and hold the Investment Documents in respect of each Uncertificated Security and Contract Right held by a Company as a document custodian (the “Document Custody Duties”) and in a manner consistent with the manner in which the Custodian holds all other Assets of the Company.
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(c) Free Delivery of Assets.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement and except as provided in Section 3 hereof, the Custodian, upon receipt of Special Instructions, will undertake to make free delivery of Assets, provided such Assets are on hand and available, in connection with a Fund's transactions and to transfer such Assets to such broker, dealer, Subcustodian, bank, agent, Securities System or otherwise as specified in such Special Instructions.
(d) Exchange of Securities.
Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian will exchange Securities held by it for a Fund for other Securities or cash paid in connection with any reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, conversion, or similar event, and will deposit any such Securities in accordance with the terms of any reorganization or protective plan.
Unless otherwise directed by Instructions, the Custodian is authorized to exchange Securities held by it in temporary form for Securities in definitive form, to surrender Securities for transfer into a name or nominee name as permitted in Section 4(b)(2), to effect an exchange of shares in a stock split or when the par value of the stock is changed, to sell any fractional shares, and, upon receiving payment therefor, to surrender bonds or other Securities held by it at maturity or call.
(e) Purchases of Assets.
(1) Securities Purchases. In accordance with Instructions, the Custodian shall, with respect to a purchase of Securities, pay for such Securities out of monies held for a Fund's account for which the purchase was made, but only insofar as monies are available therein for such purpose, and receive the Securities so purchased. Unless the Custodian has received Special Instructions to the contrary, such payment will be made only upon delivery of such Securities to the Custodian, a clearing corporation of a national securities exchange of which the Custodian is a member, or a Securities System in accordance with the provisions of Section 4(b)(3) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) in connection with a repurchase agreement, the Custodian may release funds to a Securities System prior to the receipt of advice from the Securities System that the Securities underlying such repurchase agreement have been transferred by book-entry into the Account maintained with such Securities System by the Custodian, provided that the Custodian's instructions to the Securities System require that the Securities System may make payment of such funds to the other party to the repurchase agreement only upon transfer by book-entry of the Securities underlying the repurchase agreement into such Account; (ii) in the case of options, Interest Bearing Deposits, currency deposits and other deposits, and foreign exchange transactions, pursuant to Sections 4(g), 4(k), and 4(l) hereof, the Custodian may make payment therefor before receipt of an advice of transaction; and (iii) the Custodian may make payment for Securities or other Assets prior to delivery thereof in accordance with Instructions, applicable laws, generally accepted trade practices, or the terms of the instrument representing such Security or other Asset, including, but not limited to, Securities and other Assets as to which payment for the Security and receipt of the instrument evidencing the Security are under generally accepted trade practices or the terms of the instrument representing the Security expected to take place in different locations or through separate parties.
(2) Other Assets Purchased. Upon receipt of Instructions and except as otherwise provided herein, the Custodian shall pay for and receive other Assets for the account of a Fund as provided in Instructions.
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(f) Sales of Assets.
(1) Securities Sold. In accordance with Instructions, the Custodian shall, with respect to a sale, deliver or cause to be delivered the Securities thus designated as sold to the broker or other person specified in the Instructions relating to such sale. Unless the Custodian has received Special Instructions to the contrary, such delivery shall be made only upon receipt of payment therefor in the form of: (a) cash, certified check, bank cashier's check, bank credit, or bank wire transfer; (b) credit to the account of the Custodian with a clearing corporation of a national securities exchange of which the Custodian is a member; or (c) credit to the Account of the Custodian with a Securities System, in accordance with the provisions of Section 4(b)(3) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Custodian may deliver Securities and other Assets prior to receipt of payment for such Securities in accordance with Instructions, applicable laws, generally accepted trade practices, or the terms of the instrument representing such Security or other Asset. For example, Securities held in physical form may be delivered and paid for in accordance with "street delivery custom" to a broker or its clearing agent, against delivery to the Custodian of a receipt for such Securities, provided that the Custodian shall have taken reasonable steps to ensure prompt collection of the payment for, or return of, such Securities by the broker or its clearing agent, and provided further that the Custodian shall not be responsible for the selection of or the failure or inability to perform of such broker or its clearing agent or for any related loss arising from delivery or custody of such Securities prior to receiving payment therefor.
(2) Other Assets Sold. Upon receipt of Instructions and except as otherwise provided herein, the Custodian shall receive payment for and deliver other Assets for the account of a Fund as provided in Instructions.
(g) Options.
(1) Upon receipt of Instructions relating to the purchase of an option or sale of a covered call option, the Custodian shall: (a) receive and retain Instructions or other documents, to the extent they are provided to the Custodian, evidencing the purchase or writing of the option by a Fund; (b) if the transaction involves the sale of a covered call option, deposit and maintain in a segregated account the Securities (either physically or by book-entry in a Securities System) subject to the covered call option written on behalf of such Fund; and (c) pay, release and/or transfer such Securities, cash or other Assets in accordance with any notices or other communications evidencing the expiration, termination or exercise of such options which are furnished to the Custodian by the Options Clearing Corporation (the "OCC"), the securities or options exchanges on which such options were traded, or such other organization as may be responsible for handling such option transactions.
(2) Upon receipt of Instructions relating to the sale of a naked option (including stock index and commodity options), the Custodian, the appropriate Fund and the broker-dealer shall enter into an agreement to comply with the rules of the OCC or of any registered national securities exchange or similar organizations(s). Pursuant to that agreement and such Fund's Instructions, the Custodian shall: (a) receive and retain Instructions or other documents, if any, evidencing the writing of the option; (b) deposit and maintain in a segregated account, Securities (either physically or by book-entry in a Securities System), cash and/or other Assets; and (c) pay, release and/or transfer such Securities, cash or other Assets in accordance with any such agreement and with any notices or other communications evidencing the expiration, termination or exercise of such option which are furnished to the Custodian by the OCC, the securities or options exchanges on which such options were traded, or such other organization as may be responsible for handling such option transactions. The appropriate Fund and the broker-dealer shall be responsible for determining the quality and quantity of assets held in any segregated account established in compliance with applicable margin maintenance requirements and the performance of other terms of any option contract.
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(h) Segregated Accounts.
Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall establish and maintain on its books a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of a Fund, into which account or accounts may be transferred Assets of such Fund, including Securities maintained by the Custodian in a Securities System pursuant to Paragraph (b)(3) of this Section 4, said account or accounts to be maintained (i) for the purposes set forth in Sections 4(g) and 4(m) and (ii) for the purpose of compliance by such Fund with the procedures required by SEC Investment Company Act Release Number 10666 or any subsequent release or releases relating to the maintenance of segregated accounts by registered investment companies, or (iii) for such other purposes as may be set forth, from time to time, in Special Instructions. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the determination of the type or amount of Assets to be held in any segregated account referred to in this paragraph, or for compliance by the Fund with required procedures noted in (ii) above.
(i) Depositary Receipts.
Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall surrender or cause to be surrendered Securities to the depository used for such Securities by an issuer of American Depositary Receipts or International Depositary Receipts (hereinafter referred to, collectively, as "ADRs"), against a written receipt therefor adequately describing such Securities and written evidence satisfactory to the organization surrendering the same that the depository has acknowledged receipt of instructions to issue ADRs with respect to such Securities in the name of the Custodian or a nominee of the Custodian, for delivery in accordance with such instructions.
Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall surrender or cause to be surrendered ADRs to the issuer thereof, against a written receipt therefor adequately describing the ADRs surrendered and written evidence satisfactory to the organization surrendering the same that the issuer of the ADRs has acknowledged receipt of instructions to cause its depository to deliver the Securities underlying such ADRs in accordance with such instructions.
(j) Corporate Actions, Put Bonds, Called Bonds, Etc.
Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall: (a) deliver warrants, puts, calls, rights or similar Securities to the issuer or trustee thereof (or to the agent of such issuer or trustee) for the purpose of exercise or sale, provided that the new Securities, cash or other Assets, if any, acquired as a result of such actions are to be delivered to the Custodian; and (b) deposit Securities upon invitations for tenders thereof, provided that the consideration for such Securities is to be paid or delivered to the Custodian, or the tendered Securities are to be returned to the Custodian.
Unless otherwise directed to the contrary in Instructions, the Custodian shall comply with the terms of all mandatory or compulsory exchanges, calls, tenders, redemptions, or similar rights of security ownership of which the Custodian receives notice through data services or publications to which it normally subscribes, and shall promptly notify the appropriate Fund of such action.
The Fund agrees that if it gives an Instruction for the performance of an act on the last permissible date of a period established by the Custodian or any optional offer or on the last permissible date for the performance of such act, the Fund shall hold the Custodian harmless from any adverse consequences in connection with acting upon or failing to act upon such Instructions.
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If a Fund wishes to receive periodic corporate action notices of exchanges, calls, tenders, redemptions and other similar notices pertaining to Securities and to provide Instructions with respect to such Securities via the internet, the Custodian and such Fund may enter into a Supplement to this Agreement whereby such Fund will be able to participate in the Custodian’s Electronic Corporate Action Notification Service.
(k) Interest Bearing Deposits.
Upon receipt of Instructions directing the Custodian to purchase interest bearing fixed-term certificates of deposit or call deposits (hereinafter referred to, collectively, as "Interest Bearing Deposits") for the account of a Fund, the Custodian shall purchase such Interest Bearing Deposits with such banks or trust companies, including the Custodian, any Subcustodian or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Custodian (hereinafter referred to as "Banking Institutions"), and in such amounts as such Fund may direct pursuant to Instructions. Such Interest Bearing Deposits shall be denominated in U.S. dollars. Interest Bearing Deposits issued by the Custodian shall be in the name of the Fund. Interest Bearing Deposits issued by another Banking Institution may be in the name of the Fund or the Custodian or in the name of the Custodian for its customers generally. The responsibilities of the Custodian to a Fund for Interest Bearing Deposits issued by the Custodian shall be that of a U.S. bank for a similar deposit. With respect to Interest Bearing Deposits issued by any other Banking Institution, (a) the Custodian shall be responsible for the collection of income and the transmission of cash to and from such accounts; and (b) the Custodian shall have no duty with respect to the selection of the Banking Institution or for the failure of such Banking Institution to pay upon demand.
(l) Foreign Exchange Transactions.
(l) The Fund may appoint the Custodian as its agent in the execution of all currency exchange transactions. If requested, the Custodian agrees to provide exchange rate and U.S. Dollar information, in writing, or by other means agreeable to both parties, to the Fund.
(2) Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall settle foreign exchange contracts or options to purchase and sell foreign currencies for spot and future delivery on behalf of and for the account of a Fund with such currency brokers or Banking Institutions as such Fund may determine and direct pursuant to Instructions. If, in its Instructions, a Fund does not direct the Custodian to utilize a particular currency broker or Banking Institution, the Custodian is authorized to select such currency broker or Banking Institution as it deems appropriate to execute the Fund's foreign currency transaction. It is understood that all such transactions shall be undertaken by the Custodian as agent for the Fund.
(3) The Fund accepts full responsibility for its use of third party foreign exchange brokers and for execution of said foreign exchange contracts and understands that the Fund shall be responsible for any and all costs and interest charges which may be incurred as a result of the failure or delay of its third party broker to deliver foreign exchange. The Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability with respect to the selection of the currency brokers or Banking Institutions with which a Fund deals or the performance or non-performance of such brokers or Banking Institutions.
(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, upon receipt of Instructions the Custodian may, in connection with a foreign exchange contract, make free outgoing payments of cash in the form of U.S. Dollars or foreign currency prior to receipt of confirmation of such foreign exchange contract or confirmation that the countervalue currency completing such contract has been delivered or received.
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(m) Pledges or Loans of Securities.
(1) Upon receipt of Instructions from a Fund, the Custodian will release or cause to be released Securities held in custody to the pledgees designated in such Instructions by way of pledge or hypothecation to secure loans incurred by such Fund with various lenders including but not limited to UMB Bank, n.a.; provided, however, that the Securities shall be released only upon payment to the Custodian of the monies borrowed, except that in cases where additional collateral is required to secure existing borrowings, further Securities may be released or delivered, or caused to be released or delivered for that purpose upon receipt of Instructions. Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian will pay, but only from funds available for such purpose, any such loan upon re-delivery to it of the Securities pledged or hypothecated therefor and upon surrender of the note or notes evidencing such loan. In lieu of delivering collateral to a pledgee, the Custodian, on the receipt of Instructions, shall transfer the pledged Securities to a segregated account for the benefit of the pledgee.
(2) Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian will release securities to a securities lending agent appointed by the Fund and designated in such Instructions. The Custodian shall act upon Instructions from the Fund and/or such agent in order to effect securities lending transactions on behalf of the Fund. For its services in facilitating a Fund’s securities lending activities through such agent, the Custodian may receive from the agent a portion of the agent’s securities lending revenue or a fee directly from the Fund. The Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any losses arising in connection with the agent’s actions or omissions, including but not limited to the delivery of Securities prior to the receipt of collateral, in the absence of negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Custodian.
(n) Stock Dividends, Rights, Etc.
The Custodian shall receive and collect all stock dividends, rights, and other items of like nature and, upon receipt of Instructions, take action with respect to the same as directed in such Instructions.
(o) Routine Dealings.
The Custodian will, in general, attend to all routine and operational matters in accordance with industry standards in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer, or other dealings with Securities or other property of the Fund, except as may be otherwise provided in this Agreement or directed from time to time by Instructions from any particular Fund. The Custodian may also make payments to itself or others from the Assets for disbursements and out-of-pocket expenses incidental to handling Securities or other similar items relating to its duties under this Agreement, provided that all such payments shall be accounted for to the appropriate Fund.
(p) Collections.
The Custodian shall (a) collect amounts due and payable to the Fund with respect to Securities and other Assets; (b) promptly credit to the account of the Fund all income and other payments relating to Securities and other Assets held by the Custodian hereunder upon Custodian's receipt of such income or payments or as otherwise agreed in writing by the Custodian and any particular Fund; (c) promptly endorse and deliver any instruments required to effect such collection; and (d) promptly execute ownership and other certificates, affidavits and other documents for all federal, state, local and foreign tax purposes in connection with receipt of income or other payments with respect to Securities and other Assets, or in connection with the transfer of such Securities or other Assets; provided, however, that with respect to Securities registered in so-called street name, or physical Securities with variable interest rates, the Custodian shall use its best efforts to collect amounts due and payable to any such Fund. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the collection of amounts due and payable with respect to Securities or other Assets that are in default.
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Any advance credit of cash or Securities expected to be received shall be subject to actual collection and may, when the Custodian determines collection unlikely, be reversed by the Custodian.
(q) Dividends, Distributions and Redemptions.
To enable the Fund to pay dividends or other distributions to shareholders of each such Fund and to make payment to shareholders who have requested repurchase or redemption of their shares of each such Fund (collectively, the "Shares"), the Custodian shall release cash or Securities insofar as available. In the case of cash, the Custodian shall, upon the receipt of Instructions, transfer such funds by check or wire transfer to any account at any bank or trust company designated by each such Fund in such Instructions. In the case of Securities, the Custodian shall, upon the receipt of Special Instructions, make such transfer to any entity or account designated by each such Fund in such Special Instructions.
(r) Proceeds from Shares Sold.
The Custodian shall receive funds representing cash payments received for shares issued or sold from time to time by the Fund, and shall credit such funds to the account of the appropriate Fund. The Custodian shall notify the appropriate Fund of Custodian's receipt of cash in payment for shares issued by such Fund by facsimile transmission or in such other manner as such Fund and the Custodian shall agree. Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall: (a) deliver all federal funds received by the Custodian in payment for shares as may be set forth in such Instructions and at a time agreed upon between the Custodian and such Fund; and (b) make federal funds available to a Fund as of specified times agreed upon from time to time by such Fund and the Custodian, in the amount of checks received in payment for shares which are deposited to the accounts of such Fund.
(s) Proxies and Notices; Compliance with the Shareholders Communication Act of 1985.
The Custodian shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the appropriate Fund, or its designated agent or proxy service provider, all forms of proxies, all notices of meetings, and any other notices or announcements affecting or relating to Securities owned by such Fund that are received by the Custodian and, upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall execute and deliver, or cause a Subcustodian or nominee to execute and deliver such proxies or other authorizations as may be required. Except as directed pursuant to Instructions, the Custodian shall not vote upon any such Securities, or execute any proxy to vote thereon, or give any consent or take any other action with respect thereto.
The Custodian will not release the identity of any Fund to an issuer which requests such information pursuant to the Shareholder Communications Act of 1985 for the specific purpose of direct communications between such issuer and any such Fund unless a particular Fund directs the Custodian otherwise pursuant to Instructions.
(t) Books and Records.
The Custodian shall maintain such records relating to its activities under this Agreement as are required to be maintained by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act and to preserve them for the periods prescribed in Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act. These records shall be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents (including independent public accountants) of the appropriate Fund during normal business hours of the Custodian.
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The Custodian shall provide accountings relating to its activities under this Agreement as shall be agreed upon by the Fund and the Custodian.
(u) Opinion of Fund's Independent Certified Public Accountants.
The Custodian shall take all reasonable action as the Fund may request to obtain from year to year favorable opinions from each such Fund's independent certified public accountants with respect to the Custodian's activities hereunder and in connection with the preparation of each such Fund's periodic reports to the SEC and with respect to any other requirements of the SEC.
(v) Reports by Independent Certified Public Accountants.
At the request of a Fund, the Custodian shall deliver to such Fund a written report, which may be in electronic form, prepared by the Custodian's independent certified public accountants with respect to the services provided by the Custodian under this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Custodian's accounting system, internal accounting control, financial strength and procedures for safeguarding cash, Securities and other Assets, including cash, Securities and other Assets deposited and/or maintained in a Securities System or with a Subcustodian. Such report shall be of sufficient scope and in sufficient detail as may reasonably be required by such Fund and as may reasonably be obtained by the Custodian.
(w) Bills and Other Disbursements.
Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall pay, or cause to be paid, all bills, statements, or other obligations of a Fund.
(x) Precious Metals
A Fund may, upon Special Instructions, direct the Custodian to appoint, or instruct the Domestic Subcustodian to appoint, a depository for the safekeeping and storage of gold, silver, platinum and other precious metals (“Precious Metals”) on behalf of such Fund.
(y) Sweep or Automated Cash Management.
Upon receipt of Instructions, the Custodian shall invest any otherwise uninvested cash of any Fund held by the Custodian in a money market mutual fund, a cash deposit product, or other cash investment vehicle made available by the Custodian from time to time, in accordance with the directions contained in such Instructions. A fee may be charged or a spread may be received by the Custodian for investing the Fund’s otherwise uninvested cash in the available cash investment vehicles or products.
The Custodian shall have no responsibility to determine whether any purchases of money market mutual fund shares or any other cash investment vehicle or cash deposit product by or on behalf of the Fund under the terms of this section will cause any Fund to exceed the limitations contained in the 1940 Act on ownership of shares of another registered investment company or any other asset or portfolio restrictions or limitations contained in applicable laws or regulations or the Fund’s prospectus. The Fund agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Custodian from all losses, damages and expenses (including attorney’s fees) suffered or incurred by the Custodian as a result of a violation by such Fund of the limitations on ownership of shares of another registered investment company or any other cash investment vehicle or cash deposit product.
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5. SUBCUSTODIANS.
From time to time, in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Agreement, (i) the Custodian may appoint one or more Domestic Subcustodians, Foreign Subcustodians, Special Subcustodians or Interim Subcustodians (each as hereinafter defined) to act on behalf of the Fund; and (ii) the Custodian may be directed, pursuant to an agreement between a Fund and the Custodian (“Delegation Agreement”), to appoint a Domestic Subcustodian to perform the duties of the Foreign Custody Manager (as such term is defined in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act) (“Approved Foreign Custody Manager”) for such Fund so long as such Domestic Subcustodian is so eligible under the 1940 Act. Such Delegation Agreement shall provide that the appointment of any Domestic Subcustodian as the Approved Foreign Custody Manager must be governed by a written agreement between the Custodian and the Domestic Subcustodian, which provides for compliance with Rule 17f-5. The Approved Foreign Custody Manager may then appoint a Foreign Subcustodian or Interim Subcustodian in accordance with this Section 5. For purposes of this Agreement, all Domestic Subcustodians, Special Subcustodians, Foreign Subcustodians and Interim Subcustodians shall be referred to collectively as “Subcustodians.”
(a) Domestic Subcustodians.
The Custodian may, at any time and from time to time, appoint any bank as defined in Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act or any trust company or other entity, any of which meets the requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, to act for the Custodian on behalf of the Fund as a subcustodian for purposes of holding Assets of such Fund(s) and performing other functions of the Custodian within the United States (a "Domestic Subcustodian"). The Fund shall approve in writing the appointment of the proposed Domestic Subcustodian; and the Custodian's appointment of any such Domestic Subcustodian shall not be effective without such prior written approval of the Fund(s). Each such duly approved Domestic Subcustodian shall be reflected on Appendix A hereto.
(b) Foreign Subcustodians.
(1) Foreign Subcustodians. The Approved Foreign Custody Manager may appoint any entity meeting the requirements of an Eligible Foreign Custodian, as such term is defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(1) under the 1940 Act, and which term shall also include a bank that qualifies to serve as a custodian of assets of investment companies under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act or by SEC order is exempt therefrom (each a “Foreign Subcustodian” in the context of either a subcustodian or a sub-subcustodian), provided that the Approved Foreign Custody Manager’s appointments of such Foreign Subcustodians shall at all times be governed by an agreement that complies with Rule 17f-5.
(2) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Approved Foreign Custody Manager determines that it will not provide delegation services (i) in a country in which a Fund has directed that the Fund invest in a security or other Asset or (ii) with respect to a specific Foreign Subcustodian which the Fund has directed be used, the Custodian shall, or shall cause the Approved Foreign Custody Manager to, promptly notify the Fund in writing by facsimile transmission, Electronic Communication, or otherwise of the unavailability of the Approved Foreign Custody Manager’s delegation services in such country. The Custodian and the Approved Foreign Custody Manager (or Domestic Subcustodian) as applicable, shall be entitled to rely on and shall have no liability or responsibility for following such direction from the Fund as a Special Instruction and shall have no duties or liabilities under this Agreement save those that it may undertake specifically in writing with respect to each particular instance. Upon the receipt of such Special Instructions, the Custodian may, in it absolute discretion, designate, or cause the Approved Foreign Custody Manager to designate, an entity (defined herein as “Interim Subcustodian”) designated by the Fund in such Special Instructions, to hold such security or other Asset. In such event, the Fund represents and warrants that it has made a determination that the arrangement with such Interim Subcustodian satisfies the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder (including Rule 17f-5, if applicable). It is further understood that where the Approved Foreign Custody Manager and the Custodian do not agree to provide fully to the Fund the services under this Agreement and the Delegation Agreement with respect to a particular country or specific Foreign Subcustodian, the Fund may delegate such services to another delegate pursuant to Rule 17f-5.
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(c) Special Subcustodians.
Upon receipt of Special Instructions, the Custodian shall, on behalf of a Fund, appoint one or more banks, trust companies or other entities designated in such Special Instructions to act for the Custodian on behalf of such Fund as a subcustodian for purposes of: (i) effecting third-party repurchase transactions with banks, brokers, dealers or other entities through the use of a common custodian or subcustodian; (ii) providing depository and clearing agency services with respect to certain variable rate demand note Securities, (iii) providing depository and clearing agency services with respect to dollar denominated Securities; and (iv) effecting any other transactions designated by such Fund in such Special Instructions. Each such designated subcustodian (hereinafter referred to as a "Special Subcustodian") shall be listed on Appendix A attached hereto, as it may be amended from time to time. In connection with the appointment of any Special Subcustodian, the Custodian may enter into a subcustodian agreement with the Special Subcustodian.
(d) Termination of a Subcustodian.
The Custodian may, at any time in its discretion upon notification to the appropriate Fund(s), terminate any Subcustodian of such Fund(s) in accordance with the termination provisions under the applicable subcustodian agreement, and upon the receipt of Special Instructions, the Custodian shall terminate any Subcustodian in accordance with the termination provisions under the applicable subcustodian agreement.
(e) Information Regarding Foreign Subcustodians.
Upon request of a Fund, the Custodian shall deliver, or cause any Approved Foreign Custody Manager to deliver, to the Fund a letter or list stating: (i) the identity of each Foreign Subcustodian then acting on behalf of the Custodian; (ii) the Eligible Securities Depositories (as defined in Section 5(f)) in each foreign market through which each Foreign Subcustodian is then holding cash, securities and other Assets of the Fund; and (iii) such other information as may be requested by the Fund to ensure compliance with rules and regulations under the 1940 Act.
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(f) Eligible Securities Depositories.
(1) The Custodian or the Domestic Subcustodian may place and maintain a Fund’s Foreign Assets with an Eligible Securities Depository (as defined in Rule 17f-7, which term shall include any other securities depository for which the SEC by exemptive order has permitted registered investment companies to maintain their assets).
(2) Upon the request of a Fund, the Custodian shall direct the Domestic Subcustodian to provide to the Fund (including the Fund’s board of directors or trustees) and/or the Fund’s adviser or other agent an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining the Fund’s Foreign Assets with such Eligible Securities Depository utilized directly or indirectly by the Custodian or the Domestic Subcustodian as of the date hereof (or, in the case of an Eligible Securities Depository not so utilized as of the date hereof, prior to the placement of the Fund’s Foreign Assets at such depository) and at which any Foreign Assets of the Fund are held or are expected to be held. The Custodian shall direct the Domestic Subcustodian to monitor the custody risks associated with maintaining the Fund’s Foreign Assets at each such Eligible Securities Depository on a continuing basis and shall promptly notify the Fund or its adviser of any material changes in such risks through the Approved Foreign Custody Manager’s letter, market alerts or other periodic correspondence.
(3) The Custodian shall direct the Domestic Subcustodian to determine the eligibility under Rule 17f-7 of each foreign securities depository before maintaining the Fund’s Foreign Assets therewith and shall promptly advise the Fund if any Eligible Securities Depository ceases to be so eligible. Notwithstanding Subsection 17(c) hereof, Eligible Securities Depositories may, subject to Rule 17f-7, be added to or deleted from such list from time to time.
(4) Withdrawal of Assets. If an arrangement with an Eligible Securities Depository no longer meets the requirements of Rule 17f-7, the Custodian shall direct the Domestic Subcustodian to withdraw the Fund’s Foreign Assets from such depository as soon as reasonably practicable.
(5) Standard of Care. In fulfilling its responsibilities under this Section 5(f), the Custodian will exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence.
6. STANDARD OF CARE.
(a) General Standard of Care.
The Custodian shall exercise due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards in discharging its duties hereunder. The Custodian shall be liable to a Fund for all losses, damages and reasonable costs and expenses suffered or incurred by such Fund resulting from the negligence or willful misconduct of the Custodian; provided, however, in no event shall the Custodian be liable for unreasonable attorneys’ fees or for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages arising under or in connection with this Agreement.
(b) Actions Prohibited by Applicable Law, Etc.
In no event shall the Custodian incur liability hereunder if the Custodian or any Subcustodian or Securities System, or any Subcustodian, Eligible Securities Depository utilized by any such Subcustodian, or any nominee of the Custodian or any Subcustodian (individually, a “Person”) is prevented, forbidden or delayed from performing, or omits to perform, any act or thing which this Agreement provides shall be performed or omitted to be performed, by reason of: (i) any provision of any present or future law or regulation or order of the United States of America, or any state thereof, or of any foreign country, or political subdivision thereof or of any court of competent jurisdiction (and neither the Custodian nor any other Person shall be obligated to take any action contrary thereto); or (ii) any “Force Majeure,” which for purposes of this Agreement, shall mean any circumstance or event which is beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian, a Subcustodian or any agent of the Custodian or a Subcustodian and which adversely affects the performance by the Custodian of its obligations hereunder, by the Subcustodian of its obligations under its subcustodian agreement or by any other agent of the Custodian or the Subcustodian, unless in each case, such delay or nonperformance is caused by the negligence or willful misconduct of the Custodian. Such Force Majeure events may include any event caused by, arising out of or involving (a) an act of God, (b) accident, fire, water damage or explosion, (c) any computer, system outage or downtime or other equipment failure or malfunction caused by any computer virus or any other reason or the malfunction or failure of any communications medium (provided that Custodian has adopted commercially reasonable cybersecurity systems, policies and procedures), (d) any interruption of the power supply or other utility service, (e) any strike or other work stoppage, whether partial or total, (f) any delay or disruption resulting from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk (as defined below), (g) any disruption of, or suspension of trading in, the securities, commodities or foreign exchange markets, whether or not resulting from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk, (h) any encumbrance on the transferability of cash, currency or a currency position on the actual settlement date of a foreign exchange transaction, whether or not resulting from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk, or (i) any other cause similarly beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian.
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Subject to the Custodian’s general standard of care set forth in Subsection 6(a) hereof and the requirements of Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and Rules 17f-5 and 17f-7 thereunder, the Custodian shall not incur liability hereunder if any Person is prevented, forbidden or delayed from performing, or omits to perform, any act or thing which this Agreement provides shall be performed or omitted to be performed by reason of any (i) “Sovereign Risk,” which for the purpose of this Agreement shall mean, in respect of any jurisdiction, including but not limited to the United States of America, where investments are acquired or held under this Agreement, (a) any act of war, terrorism, riot, insurrection or civil commotion, (b) the imposition of any investment, repatriation or exchange control restrictions by any governmental authority, (c) the confiscation, expropriation or nationalization of any investments by any governmental authority, whether de facto or de jure, (d) any devaluation or revaluation of the currency, (e) the imposition of taxes, levies or other charges affecting investments, (f) any change in the applicable law, or (g) any other economic, systemic or political risk incurred or experienced that is not directly related to the economic or financial conditions of the Eligible Foreign Custodian, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or the Delegation Agreement, or (ii) “Country Risk,” which for the purpose of this Agreement shall mean, with respect to the acquisition, ownership, settlement or custody of investments in a jurisdiction, all risks relating to, or arising in consequence of, systemic and markets factors affecting the acquisition, payment for or ownership of investments, including (a) the prevalence of crime and corruption in such jurisdiction, (b) the inaccuracy or unreliability of business and financial information (unrelated to the Approved Foreign Custody Manager’s duties imposed by Rule 17f-5(c) under the 1940 Act or to the duties imposed on the Custodian by Rule 17f-7 under the 1940 Act), (c) the instability or volatility of banking and financial systems, or the absence or inadequacy of an infrastructure to support such systems, (d) custody and settlement infrastructure of the market in which such investments are transacted and held, (e) the acts, omissions and operation of any Eligible Securities Depository, it being understood that this provision shall not excuse the Custodian’s performance under the express terms of this Agreement, (f) the risk of the bankruptcy or insolvency of banking agents, counterparties to cash and securities transactions, registrars or transfer agents, (g) the existence of market conditions which prevent the orderly execution or settlement of transactions or which affect the value of assets, and (h) the laws relating to the safekeeping and recovery of a Fund’s Foreign Assets held in custody pursuant to the terms of this Agreement; provided, however, that, in compliance with Rule 17f-5, neither Sovereign Risk nor Country Risk shall include the custody risk of a particular Eligible Foreign Custodian of a Fund’s Foreign Assets.
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(c) Liability for Past Records.
Neither the Custodian nor any Domestic Subcustodian shall have any liability in respect of any loss, damage or expense suffered by a Fund, insofar as such loss, damage or expense arises from the performance of the Custodian or any Domestic Subcustodian in reliance upon records that were maintained for such Fund by entities other than the Custodian or any Domestic Subcustodian prior to the Custodian's employment hereunder.
(d) Advice of Counsel.
The Custodian and all Domestic Subcustodians shall be entitled to receive and act upon advice of counsel of its own choosing on all matters. The Custodian and all Domestic Subcustodians shall be without liability for any actions taken or omitted in good faith pursuant to the advice of counsel.
(e) Advice of the Fund and Others.
The Custodian and any Domestic Subcustodian may rely upon the advice of any Fund and upon statements of such Fund's accountants and other persons believed by it in good faith to be expert in matters upon which they are consulted, and neither the Custodian nor any Domestic Subcustodian shall be liable for any actions taken or omitted, in good faith, pursuant to such advice or statements.
(f) Information Services.
The Custodian may rely upon information received from issuers of Securities or agents of such issuers, information received from Subcustodians or depositories, information from data reporting services that provide detail on corporate actions and other securities information, and other commercially reasonable industry sources; and, provided the Custodian has acted in accordance with the standard of care set forth in Section 6 (a), the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of relying upon such information sources, including but not limited to errors in any such information.
(g) Instructions Appearing to be Genuine.
The Custodian and all Domestic Subcustodians shall be fully protected and indemnified in acting as a custodian hereunder upon any Resolutions of the Board of Directors or Trustees, Instructions, Special Instructions, advice, notice, request, consent, certificate, instrument or paper appearing to it to be genuine and to have been properly executed and shall, unless otherwise specifically provided herein, be entitled to receive as conclusive proof of any fact or matter required to be ascertained from any Fund hereunder a certificate signed by any officer of such Fund authorized to countersign or confirm Special Instructions. The Custodian shall have no liability for any losses, damages or expenses incurred by a Fund arising from the use of a non-secure form of email or other non-secure electronic system or process.
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(h) No Investment Advice.
The Custodian shall have no duty to assess the risks inherent in Securities or other Assets or to provide investment advice, accounting or other valuation services regarding any such Securities or other Assets.
(i) Exceptions from Liability.
Without limiting the generality of any other provisions hereof, neither the Custodian nor any Domestic Subcustodian shall be under any duty or obligation to inquire into, nor be liable for:
(i) the validity of the issue of any Securities purchased by or for any Fund, the legality of the purchase thereof or evidence of ownership required to be received by any such Fund, or the propriety of the decision to purchase or amount paid therefor;
(ii) the legality of the sale, transfer or movement of any Securities by or for any Fund, or the propriety of the amount for which the same were sold; or
(iii) any other expenditures, encumbrances of Securities, borrowings or similar actions with respect to any Fund's Assets;
and may, until notified to the contrary, presume that all Instructions or Special Instructions received by it are not in conflict with or in any way contrary to any provisions of any such Fund's Declaration of Trust, Partnership Agreement, Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws or votes or proceedings of the shareholders, trustees, partners or directors of any such Fund, or any such Fund's currently effective Registration Statement on file with the SEC.
7. LIABILITY OF THE CUSTODIAN FOR ACTIONS OF OTHERS.
(a) Domestic Subcustodians
Except as provided in Section 7(d), the Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of any Domestic Subcustodian to the same extent as if such actions or omissions were performed by the Custodian itself.
(b) Liability for Acts and Omissions of Foreign Subcustodians.
The Custodian shall be liable to a Fund for any loss or damage to such Fund caused by or resulting from the acts or omissions of any Foreign Subcustodian to the extent that, under the terms set forth in the subcustodian agreement between the Custodian or a Domestic Subcustodian and such Foreign Subcustodian, the Foreign Subcustodian has failed to perform in accordance with the standard of conduct imposed under such subcustodian agreement and the Custodian or Domestic Subcustodian recovers from the Foreign Subcustodian under the applicable subcustodian agreement.
(c) Securities Systems, Interim Subcustodians, Special Subcustodians, Eligible Securities Depositories.
The Custodian shall not be liable to any Fund for any loss, damage or expense suffered or incurred by such Fund resulting from or occasioned by the actions or omissions of a Securities System, Interim Subcustodian, Special Subcustodian, or Eligible Securities Depository unless such loss, damage or expense is caused by, or results from, the negligence or willful misconduct of the Custodian.
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(d) Failure of Third Parties.
The Custodian shall not be liable for any loss, damage or expense suffered or incurred by any Fund resulting from or occasioned by the actions, omissions, neglects, defaults, insolvency or other failure of any (i) issuer of any Securities or of any agent of such issuer; (ii) any counterparty with respect to any Security or other Asset, including any issuer of any option, futures, derivatives or commodities contract; (iii) investment adviser or other agent of a Fund; or (iv) any broker, bank, trust company or any other person with whom the Custodian may deal (other than any of such entities acting as a Subcustodian, Securities System or Eligible Securities Depository, for whose actions the liability of the Custodian is set out elsewhere in this Agreement); or (v) any agent or depository (including but not limited to a securities lending agent or precious metals depository) with whom the Custodian may deal at the direction of, and behalf of, a Fund; unless such loss, damage or expense is caused by, or results from, the negligence or willful misconduct of the Custodian or the Custodian’s breach of the terms of any contract between the Fund and the Custodian.
8. INDEMNIFICATION.
(a) Indemnification by Fund.
Subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, the Fund agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Custodian and its nominees from all losses, damages and expenses (including attorneys' fees) suffered or incurred by the Custodian or its nominee caused by or arising from actions taken by the Custodian, its employees or agents in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement, including, but not limited to, any indemnification obligations undertaken by the Custodian under any relevant subcustodian agreement; provided, however, that such indemnity shall not apply to the extent the Custodian is liable under Sections 6 or 7 hereof.
If any Fund requires the Custodian to take any action with respect to Securities, which action involves the payment of money or which may, in the opinion of the Custodian, result in the Custodian or its nominee assigned to such Fund being liable for the payment of money or incurring liability of some other form, such Fund, as a prerequisite to requiring the Custodian to take such action, shall provide indemnity to the Custodian in an amount and form satisfactory to it.
(b) Indemnification by Custodian.
Subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, the Custodian agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Fund from all losses, damages and expenses (with the exception of those damages and expenses referenced in Section 6(a)) suffered or incurred by each such Fund caused by the negligence or willful misconduct of the Custodian.
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9. ADVANCES.
In the event that the Custodian or any Subcustodian, Securities System, or Eligible Securities Depository acting either directly or indirectly under agreement with the Custodian (each of which for purposes of this Section 9 shall be referred to as "Custodian"), makes any payment or transfer of funds on behalf of any Fund as to which there would be, at the close of business on the date of such payment or transfer, insufficient funds held by the Custodian on behalf of any such Fund, the Custodian may, in its discretion without further Instructions, provide an advance ("Advance") to any such Fund in an amount sufficient to allow the completion of the transaction by reason of which such payment or transfer of funds is to be made. In addition, in the event the Custodian is directed by Instructions to make any payment or transfer of funds on behalf of any Fund as to which it is subsequently determined that such Fund has overdrawn its cash account with the Custodian as of the close of business on the date of such payment or transfer, said overdraft shall constitute an Advance. Any Advance shall be payable by the Fund on behalf of which the Advance was made on demand by Custodian, unless otherwise agreed by such Fund and the Custodian, and shall accrue interest from the date of the Advance to the date of payment by such Fund to the Custodian at a rate determined from time to time by the Custodian. It is understood that any transaction in respect of which the Custodian shall have made an Advance, including but not limited to a foreign exchange contract or transaction in respect of which the Custodian is not acting as a principal, is for the account of and at the risk of the Fund on behalf of which the Advance was made, and not, by reason of such Advance, deemed to be a transaction undertaken by the Custodian for its own account and risk. The Custodian and the Fund which are parties to this Agreement acknowledge that the purpose of Advances is to finance temporarily the purchase or sale of Securities for prompt delivery in accordance with the settlement terms of such transactions or to meet emergency expenses not reasonably foreseeable by a Fund. The Custodian shall promptly notify the appropriate Fund of any Advance. Such notification may be communicated by telephone, Electronic Communication or facsimile transmission or in such other manner as the Custodian may choose. Nothing herein shall be deemed to create an obligation on the part of the Custodian to advance monies to a Fund.
10. SECURITY INTEREST.
To secure the due and prompt payment of all Advances, together with any taxes, charges, fees, expenses, assessments, obligations, claims or liabilities incurred by the Custodian in connection with its or their performance of any duties under this Agreement (collectively, “Liabilities”), except for any Liabilities arising from or the Custodian’s negligence or willful misconduct, the Fund grants to the Custodian a security interest in all of the Fund’s Securities and other Assets now or hereafter in the possession of the Custodian and all proceeds thereof (collectively, the “Collateral”) . A Fund shall promptly reimburse the Custodian for any and all such Liabilities. In the event that a Fund fails to satisfy any of the Liabilities as and when due and payable, the Custodian shall have in respect of the Collateral, in addition to all other rights and remedies arising hereunder or under local law, the rights and remedies of a secured party under the Uniform Commercial Code. Without prejudice to the Custodian’s rights under applicable law, the Custodian shall be entitled, without notice to the Fund, to withhold delivery of any Collateral, sell, set-off, or otherwise realize upon or dispose of any such Collateral and to apply the money or other proceeds and any other monies credited to the Fund in satisfaction of the Liabilities. This includes, but is not limited to, any interest on any such unpaid Liability as the Custodian deems reasonable, and all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees) incurred by the Custodian in connection with the sale, set-off or other disposition of such Collateral.
11. COMPENSATION.
The Fund will pay to the Custodian such compensation as is set forth on Schedule A hereto, or as otherwise agreed to in writing by the Custodian and each such Fund from time to time. In addition, the Fund shall reimburse the Custodian for all out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Custodian in connection with this Agreement, but excluding salaries and usual overhead expenses. Such compensation, and expenses shall be billed to each such Fund and paid in cash to the Custodian.
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12. POWERS OF ATTORNEY.
Upon request, the Fund shall deliver to the Custodian such proxies, powers of attorney or other instruments as may be reasonable and necessary or desirable in connection with the performance by the Custodian or any Subcustodian of their respective obligations under this Agreement or any applicable subcustodian agreement.
13. TAX LAWS.
The Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any obligations now or hereafter imposed on a Fund or on the Custodian as custodian for such Fund by the tax law of any country or of any state or political subdivision thereof. The Fund agrees to indemnify the Custodian for and against any such obligations including taxes, tax reclaims, withholding and reporting requirements, claims for exemption or refund, additions for late payment, interest, penalties and other expenses (including legal expenses) that may be assessed against the Fund or the Custodian as custodian of a Fund.
14. TERM AND ASSIGNMENT.
This Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to each Fund for a one-year period beginning on the date of this Agreement (the “Initial Term”). Thereafter, if not terminated as provided herein, the Agreement shall continue automatically in effect as to each Fund for successive one-year periods (each a “Renewal Term”).
In the event this Agreement is terminated by the Fund prior to the end of the Initial Term of any subsequent Renewal Term, the Fund shall be obligated to pay the Custodian the remaining balance of the fees payable to the Custodian under this Agreement through the end of the Initial Term or Renewal Term, as applicable. Either party may terminate this Agreement at the end of the Initial Term or at the end of any successive Renewal Term (the “Termination Date”) by giving the other party a written notice not less than ninety (90) days’ prior to the end of the respective term. Upon termination of this Agreement, the appropriate Fund shall pay to the Custodian such fees as may be due the Custodian hereunder as well as its reimbursable disbursements, costs and expenses paid or incurred. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Custodian shall deliver, at the terminating party's expense, all Assets held by it hereunder to a successor custodian designated by the Fund or, if a successor custodian is not designated, then to the appropriate Fund or as otherwise designated by such Fund by Special Instructions. Upon such delivery, the Custodian shall have no further obligations or liabilities under this Agreement except as to the final resolution of matters relating to activity occurring prior to the effective date of termination. In the event that for any reason Securities or other Assets remain in the possession of the Custodian after the date such termination shall take effect, the Custodian shall be entitled to compensation at the same rates as agreed to by the Custodian and the Fund during the term of this Agreement as set forth in Section 11.
This Agreement may not be assigned by the Custodian or any Fund without the respective consent of the other.
15. ADDITIONAL FUNDS.
[RESERVED]
16. NOTICES.
As to the Fund, notices, requests, instructions and other writings delivered to 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, Attn: Kenneth Onorio postage prepaid, or to such other address as the Fund may have designated to the Custodian in writing, shall be deemed to have been properly delivered or given to a Fund.
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Notices, requests, instructions and other writings delivered to the Custodian at its office at 928 Grand Blvd., 10th Floor, Attn: Amy Small, Kansas City, Missouri 64106, postage prepaid, or to such other addresses as the Custodian may have designated to the Fund in writing, shall be deemed to have been properly delivered or given to the Custodian hereunder; provided, however, that procedures for the delivery of Instructions and Special Instructions shall be governed by Section 2(c) hereof.
17. CONFIDENTIALITY.
The parties agree that all Information, books and records provided by the Custodian or the Fund to each other in connection with this Agreement, and all information provided by either party pertaining to its business or operations, is “Confidential Information.” All Confidential Information shall be used by the party receiving such information only for the purpose of providing or obtaining services under this Agreement and, except as may be required to carry out the terms of this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any other party without the express consent of the party providing such Confidential Information. The foregoing limitations shall not apply to any information that is available to the general public other than as a result of a breach of this Agreement, or that is required to be disclosed by or to any entity having regulatory authority over a party hereto or any auditor of a party hereto or that is required to be disclosed as a result of a subpoena or other judicial process, or otherwise by applicable laws.
18. ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE.
The Fund represents and warrants that it has established and shall maintain policies and procedures designed to meet the requirements imposed by the USA PATRIOT Act, including policies and procedures designed to detect and prevent money laundering, including those required by the USA PATRIOT Act. The Fund agrees to provide to the Custodian, from time to time upon the request of the Custodian, certifications regarding its compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act and other anti-money laundering laws with respect to the Fund. The Fund acknowledges that, because the Custodian will not have information regarding the shareholders of the Fund, the Custodian will not assume responsibility for customer identification and verification and other CIP requirements in regard to such shareholders.
19. MISCELLANEOUS.
(a) This Agreement is executed and delivered in the State of Missouri and shall be governed by the laws of such state.
(b) All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the respective successors and assigns of the parties hereto.
(c) No provisions of this Agreement may be amended, modified or waived in any manner except in writing, properly executed by both parties hereto; provided, however, Appendix A may be amended from time to time as Domestic Subcustodians, Securities Systems, and Special Subcustodians are approved or terminated according to the terms of this Agreement.
(d) The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only, and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
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(e) This Agreement shall be effective as of the date of execution hereof.
(f) This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
(g) If any part, term or provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, in conflict with any law or otherwise invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, the remaining portion or portions shall be considered severable and shall not be affected, and the rights and obligations of the parties shall be construed and enforced as if this Agreement did not contain the particular part, term or provision held to be illegal or invalid.
(h) Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Delegation Agreement (if applicable), as amended from time to time, constitute the entire understanding and agreement of the parties thereto with respect to the subject matter therein and accordingly, supersedes as of the effective date of this Agreement any custodian agreement heretofore in effect between the Fund and the Custodian.
(i) The rights and obligations contained in Sections 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 17 of this Agreement shall continue, notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement, in order to fulfill the intention of the parties as described in such Sections.
[Signature page to follow.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Custody Agreement to be executed by their respective duly authorized officers.
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | |||
Attest: | By: | /s/ Kenneth Onorio | |
Name: | Kenneth Onorio | ||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | ||
Date: | 2/4/2022 | ||
UMB BANK, N.A. | |||
Attest: | By: | /s/ Amy Small | |
Name: | Amy Small | ||
Title: | Senior Vice President | ||
Date: | 2/4/2022 |
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APPENDIX A
CUSTODY AGREEMENT
The following Subcustodians and Securities Systems are approved for use in connection with the Custody Agreement dated February 4, 2022.
SECURITIES SYSTEMS:
Depository Trust Company
Federal Book Entry
SPECIAL SUBCUSTODIANS:
DOMESTIC SUBCUSTODIANS:
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (Foreign Securities Only)
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | UMB BANK, N.A. | |||
By: | /s/ Kenneth Onorio | By: | /s/ Amy Small | |
Name: | Kenneth Onorio | Name: | Amy Small | |
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | Title: | Senior Vice President | |
Date: | 2/4/2022 | Date: | 2/4/2022 |
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Exhibit (j)(2)
RULE 17f-5 DELEGATION AGREEMENT
By its execution of this Delegation Agreement by and between UMB Bank, n.a. (the Custodian), a national banking association, with its principal office in Kansas City, Missouri, and Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (the Fund), the Funds hereby direct the Custodian to appoint Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., a limited partnership formed under the laws of the State of New York, as the Approved Foreign Custody Manager (the Delegate) under the terms of the Custody Agreement between the Fund and the Custodian to perform certain functions with respect to the custody of the Fund’s Assets (as defined in Section 13 of this Delegation Agreement) outside the United States of America.
WHEREAS, the Delegate has agreed to provide global custody services to the Custodian on behalf of the Fund through a Custodian Agreement; and
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the Fund and Custodian agree as follows. Capitalized terms shall have the meaning indicated in Section 13 of this Delegation Agreement unless otherwise indicated.
1. Maintenance of Fund’s Assets Abroad. The Fund, acting through its Board of Directors or Trustees (the Board), or its duly authorized representative, hereby instructs the Custodian to enter into a written agreement with the Delegate to place and maintain the Fund’s Assets outside the United States in accordance with instructions received from the Fund’s investment adviser. (An investment adviser may include any duly authorized sub-adviser to the Fund.) Such instruction shall represent a Special Instruction under the terms of the Custody Agreement between the Fund and the Custodian (the Custody Agreement). The Fund acknowledges that: (a) the Custodian shall direct the Delegate to perform services hereunder only with respect to the countries where the Delegate provides custodial services to the Fund as indicated on the Delegate Global Custody Network Listing; (b) depending on conditions in the particular country, advance notice may be required before the Delegate, upon the Custodian’s direction, shall be able to perform its duties in or with respect to such country (such advance notice to be reasonable in light of the specific facts and circumstances attendant to performance of duties in such country); and (c) nothing in this Delegation Agreement shall require the Custodian to direct the Delegate to provide delegated or custodial services in any country, and there may from time to time be countries as to which the Delegate determines it will not provide delegation services.
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2. Delegation. Pursuant to the provisions of Rule 17f-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), and on behalf of and at the direction of the Fund, the Fund’s Board hereby directs the Custodian, and the Custodian hereby agrees, to appoint the Delegate to perform only those duties set forth in this Delegation Agreement concerning the safekeeping of the Fund’s Assets in each of the countries as to which Custodian has reported to the Fund that the Custodian shall have appointed the Delegate to act pursuant to Rule 17f-5. The Custodian is hereby authorized to take such actions, and to direct the Delegate to take such actions, on behalf of or in the name of the Fund as are reasonably required to discharge its duties under this Delegation Agreement, including, without limitation, to cause the Fund’s Assets to be placed with a particular Eligible Foreign Custodian in accordance herewith. The Fund confirms that its Board or investment adviser has considered and accepted the Sovereign Risk and prevailing Country Risk as part of its continuing investment decision process.
3. Selection of Eligible Foreign Custodian and Contract Administration. The Custodian shall direct the Delegate pursuant to a written agreement to perform the following duties with respect to the selection of Eligible Foreign Custodians and administration of certain contracts governing the Fund’s foreign custodial arrangements:
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(a) Selection of Eligible Foreign Custodian. The Delegate shall place and maintain the Fund’s Assets with an Eligible Foreign Custodian; provided that, the Delegate shall be required to determine that the Fund’s Assets will be subject to reasonable care based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including without limitation:
(i) The Eligible Foreign Custodian's practices, procedures, and internal controls, including, but not limited to, the physical protections available for certificated securities (if applicable), the controls and procedures for dealing with any Eligible Securities Depository, the method of keeping custodial records, and the security and data protection practices;
(ii) Whether the Eligible Foreign Custodian has the requisite financial strength to provide reasonable care for the Fund’s Assets;
(iii) The Eligible Foreign Custodian's general reputation and standing; and
(iv) Whether the Fund will have jurisdiction over and be able to enforce judgments against the Eligible Foreign Custodian, such as by virtue of the existence of any offices of such Eligible Foreign Custodian in the United States or such Eligible Foreign Custodian's appointment of an agent for service of process in the United States or consent to jurisdiction in the United States.
The Delegate shall be required to make the foregoing determination consistent with the standard of care set forth in Section 8 of this Delegation Agreement.
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(b) Contract Administration. The Custodian shall require that the Delegate cause that the foreign custody arrangements with an Eligible Foreign Custodian be governed by a written contract that the Delegate has determined will provide reasonable care for the Fund’s Assets based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of the Fund’s Assets as specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1). Each such contract shall, except as set forth in the last paragraph of this subsection (b), include provisions that provide:
(i) For indemnification or insurance arrangements (or any combination of the foregoing) such that the Fund will be adequately protected against the risk of loss of assets held in accordance with such contract;
(ii) That the Fund’s Assets will not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of the Eligible Foreign Custodian or its creditors, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration or, in the case of cash deposits, liens or rights in favor of creditors of such Custodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws;
(iii) That beneficial ownership of the Fund’s Assets will be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration;
(iv) That adequate records will be maintained identifying the Fund’s Assets as belonging to the Fund or as being held by a third party for the benefit of the Fund;
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(v) That the Fund's independent public accountants will be given access to those records described in (iv) above or confirmation of the contents of such records; and
(vi) That the Fund will receive sufficient and timely periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of the Fund’s Assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from the Fund's account or a third party account containing foreign assets held for the benefit of the Fund.
The Custodian may permit in its agreement with the Delegate that such contract may contain, in lieu of any or all of the provisions specified in this Section 3(b), such other provisions that the Delegate determines will provide, in their entirety, the same or a greater level of care and protection for the Fund’s Assets as the specified provisions, in their entirety.
(c) Limitation to Delegated Selection. Notwithstanding anything in this Delegation Agreement to the contrary, the agreement between the Custodian and the Delegate may provide that the duties under this Section 3 shall apply only to Eligible Foreign Custodians selected by the Delegate and shall not apply to any Eligible Foreign Custodian that the Delegate is directed to use pursuant to Section 7 of this Delegation Agreement.
4. Monitoring. The Custodian shall enter into an agreement with the Delegate that requires the Delegate to establish a system to monitor the appropriateness of maintaining the Fund’s Assets with each Eligible Foreign Custodian that has been selected by the Delegate pursuant to Section 3 of this Delegation Agreement. The Custodian shall direct the Delegate to monitor the continuing appropriateness of placement of the Fund’s Assets in accordance with the criteria established under Section 3(a) of this Delegation Agreement and such Eligible Foreign Custodian’s actual performance in accordance with the written contract as provided in Section 3(b) of this Delegation Agreement. The Custodian shall direct the Delegate to monitor the continuing appropriateness of the contract governing the Fund's arrangements in accordance with the criteria established under Section 3(b) of this Delegation Agreement.
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5. Reporting. The Custodian shall enter into an agreement with the Delegate providing that, initially, prior to the placement of the Fund’s Assets with any Eligible Foreign Custodian, and thereafter, at least annually and at such other times as the Board deems reasonable and appropriate based on the circumstances of the Fund’s arrangements, the Delegate shall provide to the Board of the Fund, or to the Custodian for prompt provision to such Board, written reports specifying placement of the Fund’s Assets with each Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Delegate pursuant to Section 3 of this Delegation Agreement and shall promptly report as to any material changes to such foreign custody arrangements. Such reporting will include the appropriateness of maintaining the Fund’s Assets with a particular custodian under paragraph (c)(1) of Rule 17f-5 and the performance of the contract under paragraph (c)(2) of Rule 17f-5. The agreement may provide that the Delegate will prepare such a report with respect to any Eligible Foreign Custodian that the Delegate has been instructed to use pursuant to Section 7 hereunder only to the extent specifically agreed with respect to the particular situation.
6. Withdrawal of Fund Assets. The Custodian shall enter into an agreement with the Delegate providing that, if the Delegate determines that an arrangement with a specific Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Delegate consistent with Section 3 of this Delegation Agreement no longer meets the requirements of said Section, the Delegate shall give the Custodian prompt notice of such determination and upon instructions the Delegate shall withdraw the Fund’s Assets from the non-complying arrangement as soon as reasonably practicable. The Delegate shall use good faith to notify the Custodian as to any facts known to the Delegate, considering whether such withdrawal would require liquidation of any of the Fund’s Assets or would materially impair the liquidity, value or other investment characteristics of the Fund’s Assets. Any such instructions from the Fund or the Fund's investment adviser to the Custodian regarding liquidation or withdrawal shall be in the form of Special Instructions.
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7. Direction as to Eligible Foreign Custodian. Notwithstanding this Delegation Agreement, the Fund, acting through its Board, its investment adviser or its other authorized representative, may instruct the Custodian to direct the Delegate to place and maintain the Fund’s Assets in a particular country or with a particular Eligible Foreign Custodian, including without limitation with respect to investment in countries as to which the Delegate reasonably determines that it will not provide delegation services. In the event that the Delegate determines that it will provide delegation services in such country or with such Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Custodian will comply with the provisions otherwise set forth in this Delegation Agreement. In the event that the Delegate reasonably determines that it will not provide delegation services in such country or with such Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Custodian and Delegate shall be entitled to rely on any such instruction as a Special Instruction and shall have no duties or liabilities under this Delegation Agreement with respect to such arrangement save those that it may undertake specifically in writing with respect to each particular instance; provided that this Delegation Agreement and the Custodian Agreement shall not constitute the Custodian or the Delegate as the exclusive delegate of any of the Fund for purposes of Rule 17f-5 and, particularly where Custodian does not agree to provide fully the services under this Delegation Agreement and the Custody Agreement to the Fund with respect to a particular country, the Fund may delegate such services to another delegate pursuant to Rule 17f-5.
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8. Standard of Care. In carrying out its duties under this Delegation Agreement, the Custodian agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for safekeeping the Fund’s Assets would exercise. In addition, the Custodian will enter into a written agreement with the Delegate providing that, in carrying out its duties under its agreement with the Custodian, the Delegate will exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for safekeeping of the Fund’s Assets would exercise.
9. Liability of the Custodian for Actions of Other Persons. The Custodian shall be liable for the actions or omissions of the Delegate or any Eligible Foreign Custodian as set forth in the Custody Agreement between the Custodian and the Fund, except as provided in Section 7 hereunder.
10. Representations. The Custodian hereby represents and warrants that it is a U.S. Bank and that this Delegation Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Custodian and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Custodian enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy laws and any other similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally and by equitable principles. The Custodian will enter into an agreement with the Delegate in which the Delegate will represent and warrant that it is a U.S. Bank and that the agreement between the Custodian and the Delegate has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Delegate and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Delegate enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy laws and any other similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally and by equitable principles.
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The Fund hereby represents and warrants that its Board has determined that it is reasonable to rely on the Custodian to direct the Delegate to perform the delegated responsibilities provided for herein and that this Delegation Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Fund enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy laws and any other similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally and by equitable principles.
11. Effectiveness; termination. This Delegation Agreement shall be effective as of February 4, 2022. This Delegation Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by written notice from the terminating party to the non-terminating party. Such termination shall be effective on the 60th day following the date on which the non-terminating party shall receive the foregoing notice. The foregoing to the contrary notwithstanding, this Delegation Agreement shall be deemed to have been terminated concurrently with the termination of the Custody Agreement. The Custodian shall terminate its agreement with the Delegate pursuant to this Delegation Agreement concurrently with any termination of this Delegation Agreement.
12. Notices. Notices and other communications under this Delegation Agreement are to be made in accordance with the arrangements designated for such purpose under the Custody Agreement unless otherwise indicated in a writing referencing this Delegation Agreement and executed by both parties.
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13. Definitions. Capitalized terms in this Delegation Agreement have the following meanings:
a. Country Risk - shall mean, with respect to the acquisition, ownership, settlement or custody of investments in a jurisdiction, all risks relating to, or arising in consequence of, systemic and market factors affecting the acquisition, payment for or ownership of investments including (a) the prevalence of crime and corruption except for crime or corruption by the Eligible Foreign Custodian or its employees, directors or officers for which the liability of the Custodian, the Delegate or the Approved Foreign Custody Manager is not predicated upon recovery of such damages from the Eligible Foreign Custodian as set forth in the Global Custody Network Listing, (b) the inaccuracy or unreliability of business and financial information (unrelated to the Custodian’s duties imposed by Rule 17f-5(c) under the 1940 Act or to the duties imposed upon it by Rule 17f-7 under the 1940 Act), (c) the instability or volatility of banking and financial systems, or the absence or inadequacy of an infrastructure to support such systems, (d) custody and settlement infrastructure of the market in which such investments are transacted and held, (e) the acts, omissions and operation of any Eligible Securities Depository, it being understood that this provision shall not excuse the Custodian’s performance under the express terms of this Agreement and its liability therefore, (f) the risk of the bankruptcy or insolvency of banking agents, counterparties to cash and securities transactions, registrars or transfer agents, (g) the existence of market conditions which prevent the orderly execution or settlement of transactions or which affect the value of assets, and (h) the laws relating to the safekeeping and recovery of the Fund’s Assets held in custody pursuant to the terms of the Custody Agreement; provided, however, that, in compliance with Rule 17f-5, neither Sovereign Risk nor Country Risk shall include the custody risk of a particular Eligible Foreign Custodian of the Fund’s Assets.
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b. Eligible Foreign Custodian - shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 17f-5(a)(1) and shall also include a bank that qualifies to serve as a custodian of assets of investment companies under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act.
c. Fund’s Assets - shall mean any of the Fund's investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States, and such cash and cash equivalents as are reasonably necessary to effect the Fund's transactions in such investments.
d. Special Instructions - shall have the meaning set forth in the Custody Agreement.
e. Eligible Securities Depository - shall have the meaning for an “Eligible Securities Depository” as set forth in Rule 17f-7.
f. Sovereign Risk - shall mean, in respect of any jurisdiction, including the United States of America, where investments are acquired or held hereunder or under the Custody Agreement, (a) any act of war, terrorism, riot, insurrection or civil commotion, (b) the imposition of any investment, repatriation or exchange control restrictions by any governmental authority, (c) the confiscation, expropriation or nationalization of any investments by any governmental authority, whether de facto or de jure, (d) any devaluation or revaluation of the currency, (e) the imposition of taxes, levies or other charges affecting investments, (f) any change in the applicable law, or (g) any other economic or political risk incurred or experienced that is not directly related to the economic or financial conditions of the Eligible Foreign Custodian, except as otherwise provided in this Delegation Agreement or the Custody Agreement.
g. U. S. Bank – shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 17f-5(a)(7) under the 1940 Act.
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14. Governing Law and Jurisdiction. This Delegation Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Missouri. The parties hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal courts sitting in the State of Missouri.
15. Fees. The Custodian shall perform its functions under this Delegation Agreement for the compensation determined under the Custody Agreement. Neither the Custodian nor the Delegate shall receive separate compensation from the Fund for the performance of the duties and services set forth in this Delegation Agreement.
16. Integration. This Delegation Agreement supplements and/or amends the Custody Agreement with respect to the selection and monitoring of Eligible Foreign Custodians, the administration of contracts with Eligible Foreign Custodians, the withdrawal of assets from Eligible Foreign Custodians and the issuance of reports in connection with such duties; provided that, in the event that there are any inconsistencies between the Delegation Agreement and the Custody Agreement, the provisions of the Delegation Agreement shall govern for the purpose of compliance with Rule 17f-5. The terms of the Custody Agreement shall apply generally as to matters not expressly covered in this Delegation Agreement, including dealings with the Eligible Foreign Custodians in the course of discharge of the Custodian’s obligations under the Custody Agreement, and the Custodian’s obligation to indemnify the Fund as set forth in the Custody Agreement, and the Fund’s obligation to indemnify the Custodian as set forth in the Custody Agreement, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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17. Termination of Previously Existing Delegation Agreement. It is hereby agreed to by the parties that any previously existing Rule 17f-5 Delegation Agreement in place between the parties is terminated as of the Effective Date of this Delegation Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Delegation Agreement to be duly executed.
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | UMB Bank, n.a. | |||
By: | /s/ Kenneth Onorio | By: | /s/ Amy Small | |
Name: | Kenneth Onorio | Name: | Amy Small | |
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | Title: | Senior Vice President | |
Effective Date: February 4, 2022 |
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Exhibit (k)(1)
TRANSFER AGENCY AND SERVICE AGREEMENT
THIS TRANSFER AGENCY AND SERVICE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is made as of this ___ day of _________________, 2022, by and between Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Fund”), and UMB Fund Services, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation, its successors and assigns (the “Transfer Agent”).
WHEREAS, the Fund is a closed-end fund registered under the 1940 Act (as defined below) and authorized to issue Shares; and
WHEREAS, the Fund and Transfer Agent desire to enter into an agreement pursuant to which Transfer Agent shall provide Services to the Fund.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and agreements contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby agree as follows:
1. Definitions In addition to any terms defined in the body of this Agreement, the following capitalized terms shall have the meanings set forth hereinafter whenever they appear in this Agreement:
“1933 Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“1934 Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“1940 Act” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
“Authorized Person” shall mean any individual who is authorized to provide Transfer Agent with Instructions on behalf of the Fund, whose name shall be certified to Transfer Agent from time to time pursuant to Section 3(b) of this Agreement. Any officer of the Fund shall be considered an Authorized Person (unless such authority is limited in a writing from the Fund and received by Transfer Agent) and has the authority to appoint additional Authorized Persons, to limit or revoke the authority of any previously designated Authorized Person, and to certify to Transfer Agent the names of the Authorized Persons from time to time.
“Board” shall mean the Board of Trustees of the Fund.
“Commission” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Custodian” shall mean the financial institution appointed as custodian under the terms and conditions of a custody agreement between the financial institution and the Fund, or its successor.
“Declaration of Trust” shall mean the Declaration of Trust or other similar operational document of the Fund, as the case may be, as the same may be amended from time to time.
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“Fund Business Day” shall mean each day on which the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. is open for trading.
“Investment Adviser” shall mean the investment adviser or investment advisers to the Fund and includes all sub-advisers or persons performing similar services.
“Instructions” shall mean an oral communication from an Authorized Person or a written communication signed by an Authorized Person and actually received by Transfer Agent. Instructions shall include manually executed originals, telefacsimile transmissions of manually executed originals or electronic communications.
“Offering Price” shall mean the price per share that the Shares will be offered for sale to the public calculated in accordance with the Fund’s then current Prospectus.
“Prospectus” shall mean the current prospectus and statement of additional information with respect to a Fund (including any applicable amendments and supplements thereto) actually received by Transfer Agent from the Fund with respect to which the Fund has indicated a Registration Statement has become effective under the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act.
“Registration Statement” shall mean any registration statement on Form N-2 at any time now or hereafter filed with the Commission with respect to any of the Shares and any amendments and supplements thereto which at any time shall have been or will be filed with the Commission.
“Services” shall mean the transfer agency and dividend disbursement services described on Schedule B hereto and such additional services as may be agreed to by the parties from time to time and set forth in an amendment to Schedule B.
“Shares” shall mean such shares of beneficial interest, or class thereof, of the Fund as may be issued from time to time.
“Shareholder” shall mean a record owner of Shares of the Fund.
2. Appointment and Services
(a) The Fund hereby appoints Transfer Agent as transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent of all Shares and hereby authorizes Transfer Agent to provide Services during the term of this Agreement and on the terms set forth herein. Subject to the direction and control of the Board and utilizing information provided by the Fund and its current and prior agents and service providers, Transfer Agent will provide the Services in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Transfer Agent shall not be required to provide any Services or information that it believes, in its sole discretion, to represent dishonest, unethical or illegal activity. In no event shall Transfer Agent provide any investment advice or recommendations to any party in connection with its Services hereunder.
(b) Transfer Agent may from time to time, in its discretion, appoint one or more other parties to carry out some or all of its duties under this Agreement, provided that Transfer Agent shall remain responsible to the Fund for all such delegated responsibilities in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, in the same manner and to the same extent as if Transfer Agent were itself providing such Services.
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(c) Transfer Agent’s duties shall be confined to those expressly set forth herein, and no implied duties are assumed by or may be asserted against Transfer Agent hereunder. The Services do not include correcting, verifying or addressing any prior actions or inactions of the Fund or by any other current or prior agent or service provider. To the extent that Transfer Agent agrees to take such actions, those actions shall be deemed part of the Services.
(d) Transfer Agent shall not be responsible for the payment of any original issue or other taxes required to be paid by the Fund in connection with the issuance of any Shares in accordance with this Agreement.
(e) Processing and Procedures
(i) Transfer Agent agrees to accept purchase orders and repurchase requests with respect to the Shares of the Fund via postal mail, telephone, electronic delivery or personal delivery on each Fund Business Day in accordance with the Fund’s Prospectus; provided, however, that Transfer Agent shall only accept purchase orders from jurisdictions in which the Shares are qualified for sale, as indicated from time to time by the Fund or pursuant to an Instruction. Transfer Agent shall, as of each date requested by an Authorized Person, , issue to the accounts specified in a purchase order in proper form and accepted by the Fund the appropriate number of full and fractional Shares based on the net asset value (“NAV”) per Share of the Fund specified in a communication received on such date from or on behalf of the Fund. Transfer Agent shall redeem from accounts any Shares tendered for repurchase in accordance with procedures stated in the Fund’s Prospectus or pursuant to an Instruction. Transfer Agent shall not be required to issue any Shares after it has received from an Authorized Person or from an appropriate federal or state authority written notification that the sale of Shares has been suspended or discontinued, and Transfer Agent shall be entitled to rely upon such written notification. Payment for Shares shall be in the form of a check, wire transfer, Automated Clearing House transfer (“ACH”) or such other methods to which the parties shall mutually agree.
(ii) Upon receipt of a repurchase request and monies paid to it by the Custodian in connection with a repurchase of Shares, Transfer Agent shall cancel the repurchased Shares and after making appropriate deduction for any withholding of taxes required of it by applicable federal law, make payment in accordance with the Fund’s repurchase and payment procedures described in the Prospectus.
(iii) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, Transfer Agent will exchange, transfer or repurchase Shares upon presentation to Transfer Agent of instructions endorsed for exchange, transfer or repurchase, accompanied by such documents as Transfer Agent deems necessary to evidence the authority of the person making such exchange, transfer or repurchase. Transfer Agent reserves the right to refuse to exchange, transfer or repurchase Shares until it is satisfied that the endorsement or instructions are valid and genuine. For that purpose, it will require, unless otherwise instructed by an Authorized Person or except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, a Medallion signature guarantee by an “Eligible Guarantor Institution” as that term is defined by Commission in Rule 17Ad-15. Transfer Agent also reserves the right to refuse to exchange, transfer or repurchase Shares until it is satisfied that the requested exchange, transfer or repurchase is legally authorized, and it shall incur no liability for the refusal, in good faith, to make exchanges, transfers or repurchases which Transfer Agent, in its judgment, deems improper or unauthorized, or until it is satisfied that there is no reasonable basis to any claims adverse to such exchange, transfer or repurchase. Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Agreement to the contrary, Transfer Agent shall not be required or expected to require, as a condition to any exchange, transfer or repurchase of any Shares pursuant to an electronic data transmission, any documents to evidence the authority of the person requesting the exchange, transfer or repurchase and/or the payment of any stock transfer taxes, and shall be fully protected in acting in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Section 3(e).
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(iv) In connection with each purchase and each repurchase of Shares, Transfer Agent shall send such statements as are prescribed by the federal securities laws applicable to transfer agents or as described in the Prospectus. It is understood that certificates for Shares have not been and will not be offered by the Fund or made available to Shareholders.
(v) Transfer Agent and the Fund shall establish procedures for effecting purchase, repurchase, exchange or transfer transactions accepted from Shareholders by telephone or other methods consistent with the terms of the Prospectus. Transfer Agent may establish such additional procedures, rules and requirements governing the purchase, repurchase, exchange or transfer of Shares, as it may deem advisable and consistent with the Prospectus and industry practice. Transfer Agent shall not be liable, and shall be held harmless by the Fund, for its actions or omissions which are consistent with the forgoing procedures.
(f) Dividends and Distributions
(i) When a dividend or distribution has been declared, the Fund shall give or cause to be given to Transfer Agent a copy of a resolution of the Board that either:
(A) sets forth the date of the declaration of a dividend or distribution, the date of accrual or payment, as the case may be, thereof, the record date as of which Shareholders entitled to payment or accrual, as the case may be, shall be determined, the amount per Share of such dividend or distribution, the payment date on which all previously accrued and unpaid dividends are to be paid, and the total amount, if any, payable to Transfer Agent on such payment date; or
(B) authorizes the declaration of dividends and distributions on a daily or other periodic basis and further authorizes Transfer Agent to rely on a certificate of an Authorized Person setting forth the information described in subparagraph (A) above.
(ii) In connection with a reinvestment of a dividend or distribution of Shares of a Fund, Transfer Agent shall as of each Fund Business Day, as specified in a certificate or resolution described in subparagraph (i), issue Shares of the Fund based on the NAV per Share of the Fund specified in a communication received from or on behalf of the Fund on such Fund Business Day.
(iii) Upon the mail date specified in such certificate or resolution, as the case may be, the Fund shall, in the case of a cash dividend or distribution, cause the Custodian to deposit in an account in the name of Transfer Agent on behalf of a Fund, an amount of cash sufficient for Transfer Agent to make the payment, as of the mail date specified in such certificate or resolution, as the case may be, to the Shareholders who were of record on the record date. Transfer Agent will, upon receipt of any such cash, make payment of such cash dividends or distributions to the Shareholders as of the record date. Transfer Agent shall not be liable for any improper payments made in accordance with a certificate or resolution described in the preceding paragraph. If Transfer Agent does not receive from the Custodian sufficient cash to make payments of any cash dividend or distribution to all Shareholders of a Fund as of the record date, Transfer Agent shall, upon notifying the Fund, withhold payment to such Shareholders until sufficient cash is provided to Transfer Agent.
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(iv) It is understood that Transfer Agent in its capacity as transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent shall in no way be responsible for the determination of the rate or form of dividends or capital gain distributions due to the Shareholders pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. It is further understood that Transfer Agent shall file with the Internal Revenue Service and Shareholders such appropriate federal tax forms concerning the payment of dividend and capital gain distributions but shall in no way be responsible for the collection or withholding of taxes due on such dividends or distributions due to shareholders, except and only to the extent, required by applicable federal law.
(g) Records
(i) Transfer Agent shall keep those records specified in Schedule D hereto in the form and manner, and for such period, as it may deem advisable but not inconsistent with the rules and regulations of appropriate government authorities, in particular Rules 31a-2 and 31a-3 under the 1940 Act. Transfer Agent shall destroy records only at the direction of the Fund, and any such destruction shall comply with the provisions of Section 248.30(b) of Regulation S-P (17 CFR 248.1-248.30). Transfer Agent may deliver to the Fund from time to time at Transfer Agent’s discretion, for safekeeping or disposition by Transfer Agent in accordance with law, such records, papers and documents accumulated in the execution of its duties as transfer agent, as Transfer Agent may deem expedient, other than those which Transfer Agent is itself required to maintain pursuant to applicable laws and regulations. The Fund shall assume all responsibility for any failure thereafter to produce any record, paper, or other document so returned, if and when required. To the extent required by Section 31 of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, the records specified in Schedule D hereto maintained by Transfer Agent, which have not been previously delivered to the Fund pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, shall be considered to be the property of the Fund, shall be made available upon request for inspection by the trustees, officers, employees, and auditors of the Fund. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, Transfer Agent shall be permitted to maintain copies of any such records, papers and documents to the extent necessary to comply with the recordkeeping requirements of federal and state securities laws, tax laws and other applicable laws.
(h) Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) Services
(i) Background In order to assist its transfer agency clients with their AML responsibilities under the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, the customer identification program rules jointly adopted by the Commission and the U.S. Treasury Department and other applicable regulations adopted thereunder (the “AML Laws”), Transfer Agent offers various tools designed to: (a) aid in the detection and reporting of potential money laundering activity by monitoring certain aspects of Shareholder activity; and (b) assist in the verification of persons opening accounts with the Fund and determine whether such persons appear on any list of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations (“AML Monitoring Activities”). In connection with the AML Monitoring Activities, Transfer Agent may encounter Shareholder activity that would require it to file a Suspicious Activity Report (“SAR”) with the Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”), as required by 31 CFR 103.15(a)(2) (“Suspicious Activity”). The Fund has, after review, selected various procedures and tools offered by Transfer Agent to comply with its AML and customer identification program obligations under the AML Laws (the “AML Procedures”), and desires to implement the AML Procedures as part of its overall AML program and, subject to the terms of the AML Laws, delegate to Transfer Agent the day-to-day operation of the AML Procedures on behalf of the Fund.
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(ii) Delegation The Fund acknowledges that it has had an opportunity to review, consider and select the AML Procedures and the Fund has determined that the AML Procedures, as part of the Fund’s overall AML program, are reasonably designed to prevent the Fund from being used for money laundering or the financing of terrorist activities and to achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of the AML Laws. Based on this determination, the Fund hereby instructs and directs Transfer Agent to implement the AML Procedures on its behalf, as such may be amended or revised from time to time. The customer identification verification component of the AML Procedures applies only to Shareholders who are residents of the United States. The Fund hereby also delegates to Transfer Agent the authority to report Suspicious Activity to FinCEN.
(iii) SAR Filing Procedures
(A) When Transfer Agent observes any Suspicious Activity, Transfer Agent shall prepare a draft of a SAR on Form SAR-SF, and shall send a copy to the Fund’s AML officer for review. Transfer Agent shall complete each SAR in accordance with the procedures set forth in 31 CFR §103.15(a)(3), with the intent to satisfy the reporting obligation of both Transfer Agent and the Fund. Accordingly, the SAR shall include the name of both Transfer Agent and the Fund, and shall include the words, “joint filing” in the narrative section.
(B) The Fund’s AML officer shall review the SAR and provide comments, if any, to Transfer Agent within a time frame sufficient to permit Transfer Agent to file the SAR in accordance with the deadline set forth in 31 CFR §103.15(b)(3). Upon receipt of final approval from the Fund’s AML officer, Transfer Agent (or its affiliate) shall file the SAR in accordance with the procedures set forth in 31 CFR §103.15(b).
(C) Transfer Agent shall provide to the Fund a copy of each SAR filed, together with supporting documentation. In addition, Transfer Agent shall maintain a copy of the same for a period of at least five (5) years from the date of the SAR filing.
(D) Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent either party from making a determination that such party has an obligation under the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 to file a SAR relating to any Suspicious Activity, and from making such filing independent of the other party hereto.
(iv) Amendment to Procedures It is contemplated that the AML Procedures will be amended from time to time by the parties as directed by the Fund as additional regulations are adopted and/or regulatory guidance is provided relating to the Fund’s AML responsibilities.
(v) Reporting Transfer Agent agrees to provide to the Fund: (i) prompt notification of any transaction or combination of transactions that Transfer Agent believes, based on the AML Procedures, evidence potential money laundering activity in connection with the Fund or any Shareholder; (ii) prompt notification of any true and complete match of a Shareholder(s) to the names included on the Office of Foreign Asset Controls (OFAC) list or any Section 314(a) search list; (iii) any reports received by Transfer Agent from any government agency or applicable industry self-regulatory organization pertaining to Transfer Agent’s AML Monitoring Activities; (iv) any action taken in response to AML violations as described above; and, (v) quarterly reports of its monitoring and verification activities on behalf of the Fund. Transfer Agent shall provide such other reports on the verification activities conducted at the direction of the Fund as may be agreed to from time to time by Transfer Agent and the Fund’s AML officer.
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(vi) Inspection The Fund hereby directs, and Transfer Agent agrees to: (1) permit federal regulators access to such information and records maintained by Transfer Agent and relating to Transfer Agent’s implementation of the AML Procedures on behalf of the Fund, as they may request; and, (2) permit such federal regulators to inspect Transfer Agent’s implementation of the AML Procedures on behalf of the Fund.
(vii) Disclosure Obligations Regarding SARs Neither Transfer Agent nor the Fund shall disclose any SAR filed or the information included in a SAR to any third party other than affiliates of Transfer Agent or the Fund on a need to know basis and in accordance with applicable law, rule, regulation and interpretation, that would disclose that a SAR has been filed.
3. Representations and Deliveries
(a) The Fund shall deliver or cause the following documents to be delivered to Transfer Agent:
(1) A copy of the Declaration of Trust and By-laws and all amendments thereto, certified by the Secretary of the Fund;
(2) Copies of the Fund’s Registration Statement, as of the date of this Agreement, together with any applications filed in connection therewith;
(3) A certificate signed by the President and Secretary of the Fund specifying the number of authorized Shares and the number of such authorized Shares issued and currently outstanding, if any, the validity of the authorized and outstanding Shares, whether such Shares are fully paid and non-assessable, and the status of the Shares under the 1933 Act and any other applicable federal law or regulation;
(4) A certified copy of the resolutions of the Board appointing Transfer Agent and authorizing the execution of this Agreement on behalf of the Fund;
(5) A certificate containing the names of the initial Authorized Persons in a form acceptable to Transfer Agent. Any officer of the Fund shall be considered an Authorized Person (unless such authority is limited in a writing from the Fund and received by Transfer Agent) and has the authority to appoint additional Authorized Persons, to limit or revoke the authority of any previously designated Authorized Person, and to certify to Transfer Agent the names of the Authorized Persons from time to time. The certificate required by this paragraph shall be signed by an officer of the Fund and designate the names of the Fund’s initial Authorized Persons;
(6) Prior written notice of any increase or decrease in the total number of Shares authorized to be issued, or the issuance of any additional Shares of a Fund pursuant to stock dividends, stock splits, recapitalizations, capital adjustments or similar transactions, and to deliver to Transfer Agent such documents, certificates, reports and legal opinions as it may reasonably request; and
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(7) All other documents, records and information that Transfer Agent may reasonably request in order for Transfer Agent to perform the Services hereunder.
(b) The Fund represents and warrants to Transfer Agent that:
(1) It is a statutory trust duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware; it is empowered under applicable laws and by its Declaration of Trust and By-laws to enter into and perform this Agreement; and all requisite corporate proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement.
(2) Any officer of the Fund has the authority to appoint additional Authorized Persons, to limit or revoke the authority of any previously designated Authorized Person, and to certify to Transfer Agent the names of such Authorized Persons.
(3) It is duly registered as a closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act.
(4) A Registration Statement under the 1933 Act will be effective before the Fund will issue Shares and will remain effective during such period as the Fund is offering Shares for sale. Additionally, appropriate state securities laws filings will be made before Shares are issued in any jurisdiction and such filings will continue to be made, with respect to Shares of the Fund being offered for sale.
(5) All outstanding Shares are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and when Shares are hereafter issued in accordance with the terms of the Declaration of Trust and the Fund’s Prospectus, such Shares shall be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
(6) It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its Declaration of Trust, By-laws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement.
(c) During the term of this Agreement the Fund shall have the ongoing obligation to provide Transfer Agent with a copy of the Fund’s currently effective Prospectus as soon as they become effective. For purposes of this Agreement, Transfer Agent shall not be deemed to have notice of any information contained in any such Prospectus until a reasonable time after it is actually received by Transfer Agent.
(d) The Board and the Investment Adviser have and retain primary responsibility for all compliance matters relating to the Fund and the Fund including but not limited to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the policies and limitations of the Fund as set forth in the Prospectus. Transfer Agent’s Services hereunder shall not relieve the Board and the Investment Adviser of their primary day-to-day responsibility for assuring such compliance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Transfer Agent will be responsible for its own compliance with such statutes insofar as such statutes are applicable to the Services it has agreed to provide hereunder, and will promptly notify the Fund if it becomes aware of any material non-compliance which relates to the Fund. The Transfer Agent shall provide the Fund with quarterly and annual certifications (on a calendar basis) with respect to the design and operational effectiveness of its compliance and procedures.
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(e) The Fund agrees to take or cause to be taken all requisite steps to qualify the Shares for sale in all states in which the Shares shall at the time be offered for sale and require qualification. If the Fund receives notice of any stop order or other proceeding in any such state affecting such qualification or the sale of Shares, or of any stop order or other proceeding under the federal securities laws affecting the sale of Shares, the Fund will give prompt notice thereof to Transfer Agent.
(f) The Fund agrees that it shall advise Transfer Agent in writing at least thirty (30) days prior to affecting any change in any Prospectus which would increase or alter the duties and obligations of Transfer Agent hereunder, and shall proceed with such change only if it shall have received the written consent of Transfer Agent thereto, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
(g) Fund Instructions
(i) The Fund shall cause the Fund’s officers, trustees, Investment Adviser, legal counsel, independent accountants, administrator, fund accountant, Custodian and other service providers and agents, past or present, to cooperate with Transfer Agent and to provide Transfer Agent with such information, documents and communications as necessary and/or appropriate or as requested by Transfer Agent, in order to enable Transfer Agent to perform the Services. In connection with the performance of the Services, Transfer Agent shall (without investigation or verification) be entitled, and is hereby instructed to, rely upon any and all Instructions, communications, information or documents provided to Transfer Agent by a representative of the Fund or by any of the aforementioned persons. Transfer Agent shall be entitled to rely on any document that it reasonably believes to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party. Fees charged by such persons shall be an expense of the Fund. Transfer Agent shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any trustee, officer, agent, representative or employee of the Fund, Investment Adviser, Authorized Person or service provider until receipt of written notice thereof from the Fund.
(ii) The Fund shall provide Transfer Agent with an updated certificate evidencing the appointment, removal or change of authority of any Authorized Person, it being understood Transfer Agent shall not be held to have notice of any change in the authority of any Authorized Person until receipt of written notice thereof from the Fund.
(iii) Transfer Agent, its officers, agents or employees shall accept Instructions given to them by any person representing or acting on behalf of the Fund only if such representative is an Authorized Person. The Fund agrees that when oral Instructions are given, it shall, upon the request of Transfer Agent, confirm such Instructions in writing.
(iv) At any time, Transfer Agent may request Instructions from the Fund with respect to any matter arising in connection with this Agreement. If such Instructions are not received within a reasonable time, then Transfer Agent may seek advice from legal counsel for the Fund at the expense of the Fund, or its own legal counsel at its own expense, and it shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in good faith in accordance with such Instructions or in accordance with advice of counsel.
(h) Transfer Agent represents and warrants to the Fund that:
(i) It is a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Wisconsin; it is empowered under applicable law and by its Articles of Incorporation and By-laws to enter into and perform this Agreement; and all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement.
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(ii) It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its operating documents or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement.
(iii) Transfer Agent shall maintain a disaster recovery and business continuity plan and adequate and reliable computer and other equipment necessary and appropriate to carry out its obligations under this Agreement, including commercially reasonable cybersecurity systems, policies and procedures designed to prevent the unauthorized or inadvertent disclosure of Fund information (including information pertaining to Fund investors). Upon the Fund’s reasonable request, the Transfer Agent shall provide supplemental information concerning the aspects of the foregoing that are relevant to the Services.
(iv) It is duly registered as a transfer agent under Section 17A of the 1934 Act to the extent required.
4. Fees and Expenses
(a) As compensation for the performance of the Services, the Fund agrees to pay Transfer Agent the fees set forth on Schedule C hereto. Fees shall be adjusted in accordance with Schedule C or as otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties from time to time. Fees shall be earned and paid monthly in an amount equal to at least 1/12th of the applicable annual fee. Basis point fees and minimum annual fees apply separately to the Fund. The parties may amend this Agreement to include fees for any additional services requested by the Fund, or enhancements to current Services. The Fund agrees to pay Transfer Agent’s then current rate for Services added to, or for any enhancements to existing Services set forth on Schedule B after the execution of this Agreement In addition, to the extent that Transfer Agent corrects, verifies or addresses any prior actions or inactions by any Fund or by any prior agent or service provider, Transfer Agent shall be entitled to additional fees as provided in Schedule C. In the event of any disagreement between this Agreement and Schedule C, the terms of Schedule C shall control.
(b) For the purpose of determining fees payable to Transfer Agent, NAV shall be computed in a manner which is consistent with that disclosed in the Prospectus. The fee for the period from the day of the month this Agreement is entered into until the end of that month shall be pro-rated according to the proportion that such period bears to the full monthly period. Upon any termination of this Agreement before the end of any month, the fee for such part of a month shall be pro-rated according to the proportion which such period bears to the full monthly period and shall be payable upon the date of termination of this Agreement. Should this Agreement be terminated or the Fund or any Fund(s) be liquidated, merged with or acquired by another fund or investment company, any accrued fees shall be immediately payable.
(c) Transfer Agent will bear all expenses incurred by it in connection with its performance of Services, except as otherwise provided herein. Transfer Agent shall not be required to pay or finance any costs and expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, including, but not limited to: taxes; interest; brokerage fees and commissions; salaries, fees and expenses of officers and trustees; Commission fees and state Blue Sky fees; advisory fees; charges of custodians, administrators, fund accountants, dividend disbursing and accounting services agents and other service providers; security pricing services; insurance premiums; outside auditing and legal expenses; costs of organization and maintenance of corporate existence; taxes and fees payable to federal, state and other governmental agencies; preparation, typesetting, printing, proofing and mailing of Prospectuses, statements of additional information, supplements, notices, forms and applications and proxy materials for regulatory purposes and for distribution to current Shareholders; preparation, typesetting, printing, proofing and mailing and other costs of Shareholder reports; expenses in connection with the electronic transmission of documents and information including electronic filings with the Commission and the states; research and statistical data services; expenses incidental to holding meetings of the Fund’s Shareholders and Trustees; fees and expenses associated with internet, e-mail and other related activities; and extraordinary expenses. Expenses incurred for distribution of Shares, including the typesetting, printing, proofing and mailing of Prospectuses for persons who are not Shareholders, will be borne by the Investment Adviser, except for such expenses permitted to be paid under a distribution plan adopted in accordance with applicable laws.
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(d) The Fund also agrees to promptly reimburse Transfer Agent for all out-of-pocket expenses or disbursements incurred by Transfer Agent in connection with the performance of Services under this Agreement. Out-of-pocket expenses shall include, but not be limited to, those items specified on Schedule C hereto. If requested by Transfer Agent, out-of-pocket expenses are payable in advance. Payment of postage expenses, if prepayment is requested, is due at least seven (7) days prior to the anticipated mail date. In the event Transfer Agent requests advance payment, Transfer Agent shall not be obligated to incur such expenses or perform the related Service(s) until payment is received.
(e) The Fund agrees to pay all amounts due hereunder within forty-five (45) days of the date reflected on the invoice for such Services (the “Due Date”). Except as provided in Schedule C, Transfer Agent shall bill Service fees monthly, and out-of-pocket expenses as incurred (unless prepayment is requested by Transfer Agent). Transfer Agent may, at its option, arrange to have various service providers submit invoices directly to the Fund for payment of reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses.
(f) The Fund is aware that its failure to remit to Transfer Agent all amounts due on or before the Due Date will cause Transfer Agent to incur costs not contemplated by this Agreement, including, but not limited to carrying, processing and accounting charges. Accordingly, in the event that Transfer Agent does not receive any amounts due hereunder by the Due Date, the Fund agrees to pay a late charge on the overdue amount equal to one and one percent (1.5%) per month or the maximum amount permitted by law, whichever is less. In addition, the Fund shall pay Transfer Agent’s reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs if any amounts due Transfer Agent in the event that an attorney is engaged to assist in the collection of amounts due. The parties hereby agree that such late charge represents a fair and reasonable computation of the costs incurred by reason of the Fund’s late payment. Acceptance of such late charge shall in no event constitute a waiver by Transfer Agent of the Fund’s default or prevent Transfer Agent from exercising any other rights and remedies available to it.
(g) In the event that any charges are disputed, the Fund shall, on or before the Due Date, pay all undisputed amounts due hereunder and notify Transfer Agent in writing of any disputed charges for out-of-pocket expenses which it is disputing in good faith. Payment for such disputed charges shall be due on or before the close of the fifth (5th) Fund Business Day after the day on which Transfer Agent provides documentation which an objective observer would agree reasonably supports the disputed charges (the “Revised Due Date”). Late charges shall not begin to accrue as to charges disputed in good faith until the first day after the Revised Due Date.
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(h) The Fund acknowledges that the fees charged by Transfer Agent under this Agreement reflect the allocation of risk between the parties, including the exclusion of remedies and limitations of liability in Sections 2, 3 and 6. Modifying the allocation of risk from what is stated herein would affect the fees that Transfer Agent charges. Accordingly, in consideration of those fees, the Fund agrees to the stated allocation of risk.
5. Confidential Information
Transfer Agent agrees on behalf of itself and its employees to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund all records and other information relative to the Fund’ Shareholders, not to use such information other than in the performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, and not to disclose such information except: (i) when requested to divulge such information by duly-constituted authorities or court process; (ii) when requested by a Shareholder or Shareholder’s agent with respect to information concerning an account as to which such Shareholder has either a legal or beneficial interest; (iii) when requested by the Fund, a Fund, the Shareholder, the Shareholder’s agent or the dealer of record with respect to such account; (iv) to seek to prevent fraud and/or money laundering by providing certain shareholder information to other financial institutions; (v) to an affiliate, as defined by Section 248.3(a) of Regulation S-P; or, (vi) pursuant to any other exception permitted by Sections 248.14 and 248.15 of Regulation S-P in the ordinary course of business to carry out the activities covered by the exception under which Transfer Agent received the information. In case of any requests or demands for inspection of the records of the Fund, Transfer Agent will endeavor to notify the Fund promptly and to secure instructions from a representative of the Fund as to such inspection. Records and information which have become known to the public through no wrongful act of Transfer Agent or any of its employees, agents or representatives, and information which was already in the possession of Transfer Agent prior to receipt thereof, shall not be subject to this section. Any party appointed pursuant to Section 2(b) above shall be required to observe the confidentiality obligations contained herein. Transfer Agent will implement and maintain such appropriate security measures as are necessary for the protection of confidential shareholder information. The obligations of the parties under Section 5 shall indefinitely survive the termination of this Agreement.
6. Limitation of Liability In addition to the limitations of liability contained in Sections 2 and 3 of this Agreement:
(a) Transfer Agent shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund or the Fund in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates, except for a loss resulting from Transfer Agent’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under this Agreement. Furthermore, Transfer Agent shall not be liable for: (1) any action taken or omitted to be taken in accordance with or in reliance upon Instructions, communications, data, documents or information (without investigation or verification) received by Transfer Agent from an officer or representative of the Fund or from any Authorized Person; or, (2) any action taken, or omission by, a Fund, the Fund, Investment Adviser, any Authorized Person or any past or current service provider (not including Transfer Agent).
(b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Transfer Agent will be excused from its obligation to perform any Service or obligation required of it hereunder for the duration that such performance is prevented by events beyond its reasonable control and shall not be liable for any default, damage, loss of data or documents, errors, delay or any other loss whatsoever caused thereby. Transfer Agent will, however, take all reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions for any period that such interruption continues beyond its reasonable control.
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(c) In no event and under no circumstances shall the Indemnified Parties (as defined below) be liable to anyone, including, without limitation, the other party, under any theory of tort, contract, strict liability or other legal or equitable theory for lost profits, exemplary, punitive, special, indirect or consequential damages for any act or failure to act under any provision of this Agreement regardless of whether such damages were foreseeable and even if advised of the possibility thereof.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, Transfer Agent shall have no duty or obligation under this Agreement to inquire into, and shall not be liable for:
(i) the legality of the issue or sale of any Shares, the sufficiency of the amount to be received therefor, or the authority of the Fund, as the case may be, to request such sale or issuance;
(ii) the legality of a transfer, exchange, purchase or repurchase of any Shares, the propriety of the amount to be paid therefor, or the authority of the Fund, as the case may be, to request such transfer, exchange or repurchase;
(iii) the legality of the declaration of any dividend by the Fund, or the legality of the issue of any Shares in payment of any stock dividend;
(iv) the legality of any recapitalization or readjustment of Shares;
(v) Transfer Agent’s acting upon telephone or electronic instructions relating to the purchase, transfer, exchange or repurchase of Shares received by Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures established in writing by Transfer Agent and the Fund; or
(vi) the offer or sale of Shares in violation of any requirement under the securities laws or regulations of any jurisdiction that such Shares be qualified for sale in such state or in violation of any stop order or determination or ruling by any state with respect to the offer or sale of such Shares in such state.
(e) Transfer Agent may, in effecting transfers and repurchases of Shares, rely upon those provisions of the Uniform Act for the Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers (or such other statutes which protect it and the Fund in not requiring complete fiduciary documentation) and shall not be responsible for any act done or omitted by it in good faith in reliance upon such laws. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision contained in this Agreement to the contrary, Transfer Agent shall be fully protected by the Fund in not requiring any instruments, documents, assurances, endorsements or guarantees, including, without limitation, any Medallion signature guarantees, in connection with a repurchase, exchange or transfer of Shares whenever Transfer Agent reasonably believes that requiring the same would be inconsistent with the transfer, exchange and repurchase procedures described in the Prospectus.
(f) The obligations of the parties under Section 6 shall indefinitely survive the termination of this Agreement.
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7. Indemnification
(a) The Fund agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Transfer Agent, its employees, agents, officers, directors, shareholders, affiliates and nominees (collectively, “Indemnified Parties”) from and against any and all claims, demands, actions and suits, and any and all judgments, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees and other expenses of every nature and character (“Losses”) which may be asserted against or incurred by any Indemnified Party or for which any Indemnified Party may be held liable (a “Claim”), arising out of or in any way relating to any of the following:
(i) any action or omission of Transfer Agent except to the extent a Claim resulted from Transfer Agent’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties hereunder;
(ii) Transfer Agent’s reliance on, implementation of, or use of Instructions, communications, data, documents or information (without investigation or verification) received by Transfer Agent from an officer or representative of the Fund, any Authorized Person or any past or current service provider (not including Transfer Agent);
(iii) any action taken, or omission by, a Fund, the Fund, Investment Adviser, any Authorized Person or any past or current service provider (not including Transfer Agent);
(iv) the Fund’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, or any Claim that arises out of the Fund’s gross negligence or misconduct or breach of any representation or warranty of the Fund made herein;
(v) the legality of the issue or sale of any Shares, the sufficiency of the amount received therefore, or the authority of the Fund, as the case may be, to have requested such sale or issuance;
(vi) the legality of the declaration of any dividend by the Fund, or the legality of the issue of any Shares in payment of any stock dividend;
(vii) the legality of any recapitalization or readjustment of Shares;
(viii) Transfer Agent’s acting upon telephone or electronic instructions relating to the purchase, transfer, exchange or repurchase of Shares received by Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures established by Transfer Agent and the Fund;
(ix) the acceptance, processing and/or negotiation of a fraudulent payment for the purchase of Shares unless the result of Transfer Agent’s or its affiliates’ willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under this Agreement. In the absence of a finding to the contrary, the acceptance, processing and/or negotiation of a fraudulent payment for the purchase, repurchase, transfer or exchange of Shares shall be presumed not to have been the result of Transfer Agent’s or its affiliates’ willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence; and
(x) the offer or sale of Shares in violation of any requirement under the securities laws or regulations of any state or other jurisdiction that such Shares be qualified for sale in such state or in violation of any stop order or determination or ruling by any state with respect to the offer or sale of such Shares in such state.
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(b) Promptly after receipt by Transfer Agent of notice of the commencement of an investigation, action, claim or proceeding, Transfer Agent shall, if a claim for indemnification in respect thereof is made under this section, notify the Fund in writing of the commencement thereof, although the failure to do so shall not prevent recovery by Transfer Agent or any Indemnified Party. The Fund shall be entitled to participate at its own expense in the defense or, if it so elects, to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any such Loss, but if the Fund elects to assume the defense, such defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by the Fund and approved by Transfer Agent, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. In the event the Fund elects to assume the defense of any such suit and retain such counsel and notifies Transfer Agent of such election, the indemnified defendant or defendants in such suit shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel retained by them subsequent to the receipt of the Fund’s election. If the Fund does not elect to assume the defense of any such suit, or in case Transfer Agent does not, in the exercise of reasonable judgment, approve of counsel chosen by the Fund, or in case there is a conflict of interest between the Fund and Transfer Agent or any Indemnified Party, the Fund will reimburse the Indemnified Party or Parties named as defendant or defendants in such suit, for the fees and expenses of any counsel retained by Transfer Agent and them. The Fund’s indemnification agreement contained in this Section 7 and the Fund’s representations and warranties in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of Transfer Agent and each Indemnified Party, and shall survive the delivery of any Shares and the termination of this Agreement. This agreement of indemnity will inure exclusively to Transfer Agent’s benefit, to the benefit of each Indemnified Party and their estates and successors. The Fund agrees to promptly notify Transfer Agent of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against the Fund or any of its officers or directors in connection with the issue and sale of any of the Shares.
(c) The obligations of the parties under Section 7 shall indefinitely survive the termination of this Agreement.
8. Term
(a) This Agreement shall become effective with respect to the Fund as of the date hereof. Unless sooner terminated as provided herein, this Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to the Fund for a three-year period beginning on the date of this Agreement (the “Initial Term”). Thereafter, if not terminated as provided herein, the Agreement shall continue automatically in effect as to the Fund for successive one-year periods (each a “Renewal Term”).
(b) In the event this Agreement is terminated by the Fund prior to the end of the Initial Term or any subsequent Renewal Term, the Fund shall be obligated to pay Transfer Agent the remaining balance of the fees payable to Transfer Agent under this Agreement through the end of the Initial Term or Renewal Term, as applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may terminate this Agreement at the end of the Initial Term or at the end of any successive Renewal Term (the “Termination Date”) by giving the other party a written notice not less than ninety (90) days’ prior to the end of the respective term. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon the termination of the Agreement as provided herein or the liquidation, merger or acquisition of a Fund or the Fund, Transfer Agent shall deliver the records of the Fund to the Fund or its successor service provider at the expense of the Fund in a form that is consistent with Transfer Agent’s applicable license agreements, and thereafter the Fund or its designee shall be solely responsible for preserving the records for the periods required by all applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Fund shall be responsible for all documented expenses associated with the movement (or duplication) of records and materials and conversion thereof to a successor service provider, including all reasonable trailing expenses incurred by Transfer Agent. In addition, in the event of termination of this Agreement, or the proposed liquidation, merger or acquisition of the Fund or a Fund(s), and Transfer Agent’s agreement to provide additional Services in connection therewith, Transfer Agent shall provide such Services and be entitled to such compensation as the parties may mutually agree. Transfer Agent shall not reduce the level of service provided to the Fund prior to termination following notice of termination by the Fund.
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(c) In the event such notice is given by the Fund pursuant to subparagraph (b), it shall be accompanied by a copy of a resolution of the Board certified by the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, electing to terminate this Agreement and, if applicable designating the successor transfer agent or transfer agents. In the event such notice is given by Transfer Agent, the Fund shall on or before the termination date, deliver to Transfer Agent a copy of a resolution of its Board certified by the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary designating a successor transfer agent or transfer agents. In the absence of such designation by the Fund, the Fund shall be deemed to be its own transfer agent as of the termination date and Transfer Agent shall thereby be relieved of all duties and responsibilities pursuant to this Agreement.
9. Miscellaneous
(a) Any notice required or permitted to be given by either party to the other under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given when received by the other party. Such notices shall be sent to the addresses listed below, or to such other location as either party may from time to time designate in writing:
(b) Except as provided to the contrary herein, this Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner except by a written agreement executed by both parties with the formality of this Agreement.
(c) This Agreement shall be governed by Wisconsin law, excluding the laws on conflicts of laws. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of Wisconsin, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control, and nothing herein shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the 1940 Act or any rule or order of the Commission thereunder. Any provision of this Agreement which is determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. In such case, the parties shall in good faith modify or substitute such provision consistent with the original intent of the parties.
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(d) This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original agreement but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. The facsimile signature of any party to this Agreement shall constitute the valid and binding execution hereof by such party.
(e) The services of Transfer Agent hereunder are not deemed exclusive. Transfer Agent may render transfer agency and dividend disbursement services and any other services to others, including other investment companies.
(f) The captions in the Agreement are included for convenience of reference only, and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
(g) This Agreement is executed by the Fund with respect to each of the Fund and the obligations hereunder are not binding upon any of the trustees, officers or Shareholders individually but are binding only upon the Fund to which such obligations pertain and the assets and property of the Fund. All obligations of the Fund under this Agreement shall apply only on a Fund-by-Fund basis, and the assets of one Fund shall not be liable for the obligations of another Fund. The Declaration of Trust is on file with the State of Delaware.
(h) This Agreement and the Schedules incorporated hereto constitute the full and complete understanding and agreement of Transfer Agent and the Fund and supersedes all prior negotiations, understandings and agreements with respect to transfer agency and dividend disbursement services.
(i) Except as specifically provided herein, this Agreement does not in any way affect any other agreements entered into among the parties hereto and any actions taken or omitted by any party hereunder shall not affect any rights or obligations of any other party hereunder.
(j) Transfer Agent shall retain all right, title and interest in any and all computer programs, screen formats, report formats, procedures, data bases, interactive design techniques, derivative works, inventions, discoveries, patentable or copyrightable matters, concepts, expertise, trade secrets, trademarks and other related legal rights provided, developed or utilized by Transfer Agent in connection with the Services provided by Transfer Agent to the Fund hereunder.
(k) This Agreement shall extend to and shall be binding upon the parties hereto, and their respective successors and assigns. This Agreement shall not be assignable by either party without the written consent of the other party, provided; however, that Transfer Agent may, in its sole discretion and upon advance written notice to the Fund, assign all its right, title and interest in this Agreement to an affiliate, parent or subsidiary, or to the purchaser of substantially all of its business.
(l) The person signing below represents and warrants that he/she is duly authorized to execute this Agreement on behalf of the Fund.
[Signature page to follow.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by a duly authorized officer as of the day, month and year first above written.
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | ||
(the “Fund”) | ||
By: | ||
Name: Kenneth Onorio | ||
Title: Chief Financial Officer | ||
Date: | ||
UMB FUND SERVICES, INC. | ||
(“Transfer Agent”) | ||
By: | ||
Name: Maureen A. Quill | ||
Title: Executive Vice President | ||
Date: |
18
Schedule A
to the
Transfer Agency and Service Agreement
by and between
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
and
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
[RESERVED]
19
Schedule B
to the
Transfer Agency and Service Agreement
by and between
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
and
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
SERVICES
In addition to, or in connection with, the Services set forth in Section 2 of the Agreement and subject to the direction of, and utilizing information provided by, the Fund, Investment Adviser, and the Fund’s agents, Transfer Agent will provide the following Services:
Transfer Agency/Investor Servicing
1. | Process Investor Subscriptions |
a. | Monitor and receive subscription documents from investors. |
b. | Review subscription documents for completeness. |
c. | Obtain investor demographic information. |
d. | Receive subscription money and match to subscription document. |
e. | Maintain, monitor, and reconcile DDA and escrow accounts. |
f. | Obtain appropriate approvals and transfer money to the trading account. |
g. | Provide good-order, pending wire, pending sub-docs reports. |
2. | Process Investor Repurchases/Redemptions |
a. | Monitor and receive repurchase request. |
b. | Calculate repurchase fee as appropriate. |
c. | Monitor tender cap and apply if applicable. |
d. | Calculate holdback percentage as appropriate. |
e. | Receive money from the trading account. |
f. | Obtain approvals and distribute money as appropriate. |
g. | Retain holdback according to Fund documents and distribute as appropriate. |
h. | Provide repurchase and holdback reports. |
3. | Generate investor statements and confirmations. |
4. | Receive and respond to investor inquiries by telephone, mail, or email. |
5. | File IRS Forms 1099, 5498, 1042, 1042-S, and 945 with shareholders and/or the IRS. |
Tax Preparation, Compliance and Reporting – 1099
1. | Prepare income tax and excise tax provisions. Calculate required income and excise dividend and capital gains distribution amounts subject to review and approval by the Fund’s officers and their independent accountants. |
2. | Include the appropriate tax adjustment for wash sales, identified by third-party services, for inclusion in income tax and excise tax provisions and tax returns. |
3. | Include the appropriate tax adjustments for Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) holdings, identified by third-party services or provided by the Investment Adviser, in tax work schedules. Assist the Investment Adviser in determining either the marked-to-market or Qualified Electing Fund (QEF) election. If the QEF election is chosen, the Investment Adviser will work with the underlying PFIC to procure and provide the required QEF Statement to the Fund, as well as an estimate for the excise tax calculation and the distribution. |
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4. | Prepare for review by the Fund’s independent accountants the financial statement book/tax differences (e.g., capital accounts) and footnote disclosures. |
5. | Assist the Funds in monitoring and maintaining documentation associated with ASC 740-10 (Financial Interpretation Number 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes). |
6. | Assist the Fund’s independent accountants in the preparation and filing, for execution by the Fund’s officers, of all federal income and excise tax returns and the Fund’s State of Organization’s income tax returns (and such other required tax filings as may be agreed to by the parties) other than those required to be made by the Fund’s custodian or Transfer Agent, subject to review, approval and signature by the Fund’s officers and the Fund’s independent accountants. |
7. | Prepare analysis in determining qualified dividend income amounts for notification to shareholders and prepare ICI Primary and Secondary Layouts for shareholder reporting. |
8. | Prepare forms 1099-MISC Miscellaneous Income for board members and other required Fund vendors. |
USA PATRIOT Act (AML)
1. | Conduct AML screening for new domestic investors, which shall include initial comparison of investor information against Identity Chek, OFAC and other watch lists; provide Fund with any exceptions. Systematically compare updates against investor name for each update of the OFAC list. |
2. | File Suspicious Activity Reports, if any, with the appropriate Reporting Authorities. |
3. | Provide AML certification report upon request. |
Internet Services
Provide and maintain web portal for investors to access account information.
DTCC AIP
Support Fund data transmission through DTCC AIP. UMB will administer DTCC AIP through Fund’s DTCC AIP membership.
1. | Submit Security General Profiles for each fund/class to the DTCC to obtain the NSCC Security Issue Number. |
2. | Submit Security General Profile and Contact files for each fund/class to each broker-dealer/custodian. |
3. | Classify each applicable investor with a custodian. |
4. | As appropriate send data files of the fund to the DTCC. |
21
Schedule C
to the
Transfer Agency and Service Agreement
by and between
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
and
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
[RESERVED]
22
Schedule D
to the
Transfer Agency and Service Agreement
by and between
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
and
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
RECORDS MAINTAINED BY TRANSFER AGENT
§ | Account applications |
§ | Checks including check registers, reconciliation records, any adjustment records and tax withholding documentation |
§ | Indemnity bonds for replacement of lost or missing checks |
§ | Liquidation, repurchase, withdrawal and transfer requests including signature guarantees and any supporting documentation |
§ | Shareholder correspondence |
§ | Shareholder transaction records |
§ | Share transaction history of the Fund |
23
Exhibit (k)(2)
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT
This Administration Agreement is hereby made as of the [____] day of [____] [____] (the “Agreement”), between Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (together with any successor thereto, the “Fund”), and Eagle Point Administration LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Administrator”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Fund is a newly formed Delaware statutory trust that intends to operate as a closed-end management investment company;
WHEREAS, the Fund filed a registration statement on Form N-2 on December 1, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as may be amended from time to time (the “Registration Statement”), under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), to register its shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) for issuance in a public offering (the “Offering”); and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain the Administrator to provide administrative services to the Fund, and the Administrator is willing to provide or procure such services, on the terms and conditions hereafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, mutually agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
APPOINTMENT
The Fund hereby appoints the Administrator to act as administrator to the Fund for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement. The Administrator hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to provide the administrative services herein described, for the compensation herein provided.
ARTICLE II
SERVICES OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1. Administrative Services. Subject to the supervision and the overall control of the board of trustees of the Fund (the “Board of Trustees”), the Administrator shall act as administrator of the Fund, and furnish, or arrange for others to furnish, the administrative services, personnel and facilities necessary for the operation of the Fund, for the period and on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrator shall provide the Fund with office facilities, equipment, clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services at such facilities and such other services as the Administrator, subject to review by the Board of Trustees, shall from time to time determine to be necessary or useful to perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Administrator shall also, on behalf of the Fund, conduct relations with custodians, depositories, transfer agents, dividend disbursing agents, other shareholder servicing agents, escrow agents, accountants, attorneys, underwriters, brokers and dealers, dealer managers, corporate fiduciaries, insurers, banks, regulators and other persons in any other capacity deemed to be necessary or desirable. The Administrator shall make reports to the Board of Trustees of its performance of obligations hereunder and furnish advice and recommendations with respect to such other aspects of the business and affairs of the Fund as it shall determine to be desirable; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to require the Administrator to, and the Administrator shall not, provide any advice or recommendation relating to the securities, instruments and other assets that the Fund should purchase, retain or sell or any other investment advisory services to the Fund. The Administrator shall be responsible for the financial and other records that the Fund is required to maintain and shall prepare reports to shareholders, and reports and other materials filed with the SEC. The Administrator shall provide the Fund with accounting services; shall assist the Fund in determining and publishing the Fund’s net asset value; shall oversee the preparation and filing of the Fund’s tax returns; shall coordinate the preparation and filing of tender offers on behalf of the Fund; shall monitor the Fund’s compliance with tax and other applicable laws and regulations; and shall prepare, and assist the Fund with any audits by an independent public accounting firm of, the Fund’s financial statements. The Administrator shall also be responsible for the printing and dissemination of reports to shareholders of the Fund and the maintenance of the Fund’s website; shall provide support for the Fund’s investor relations; shall generally oversee the payment of the Fund’s expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Fund by others; and shall provide such other administrative services as the Fund may from time to time designate.
2. Books and Records. The Administrator agrees to maintain and keep all books, accounts and other records of the Fund that relate to activities performed by the Administrator hereunder and, if required by the 1940 Act, will maintain and keep such books, accounts and records in accordance with the 1940 Act. In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, the Administrator agrees that all records which it maintains for the Fund shall at all times remain the property of the Fund, shall be readily accessible during normal business hours, and shall be promptly surrendered upon the termination of the Agreement or otherwise on written request. The Administrator further agrees that all records which it maintains for the Fund pursuant to Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act shall be preserved for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act unless any such records are earlier surrendered as provided above. Records shall be surrendered in usable machine-readable form. The Administrator shall have the right to retain copies of such records subject to observance of its confidentiality obligations under this Agreement.
3. Confidentiality. The parties hereto agree that each shall treat confidentially all information provided by each party to the other regarding its business and operations. All confidential information provided by a party hereto, including nonpublic personal information pursuant to Regulation S-P of the SEC, shall be used by any other party hereto solely for the purpose of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement and, except as may be required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any third party, without the prior consent of such providing party. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available other than through a breach of this Agreement, or that is required to be disclosed by any regulatory authority, any authority or legal counsel of the parties hereto, by judicial or administrative process, or otherwise by applicable law or regulation.
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4. Administrative Services Not Exclusive. The services of the Administrator to the Fund are not to be deemed to be exclusive, and the Administrator and each affiliate thereof is free to render services to others. It is understood that trustees, officers, employees and shareholders of the Fund are or may become interested in the Administrator and its affiliates, as directors, officers, members, managers, employees, partners, shareholders or otherwise, and that the Administrator and directors, officers, members, managers, employees, partners and shareholders of the Administrator and its affiliates are or may become similarly interested in the Fund as shareholders or otherwise.
ARTICLE III
COMPENSATION; ALLOCATION OF COSTS AND EXPENSES
1. Compensation. In full consideration of the provision of the services of the Administrator, the Fund shall reimburse the Administrator for the costs and expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations and providing personnel (for the avoidance of doubt, including salaries and related payroll expenses) and facilities hereunder.
2. Allocation of Costs and Expenses. The Fund shall bear all other costs and expenses of its operations and transactions and not specifically assumed by the Adviser pursuant to that certain Investment Advisory Agreement, dated as of [____], [____], by and between the Fund and the Adviser, as the same may be amended or restated from time to time (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”), including, without limitation, those relating to: (a) the Fund’s organizational expenses; (b) calculating the Fund’s net asset value (including the costs and expenses of any independent valuation firm); (c) debt service and other costs of borrowings or other financing arrangements; (d) fees and expenses, including legal, consulting or other professional fees and expenses and travel expenses, incurred by the Adviser or payable to third parties in performing due diligence on prospective investments, monitoring the Fund’s investments and, if necessary, enforcing the Fund’s rights; (e) amounts payable to third parties relating to, or associated with, evaluating, making and disposing of investments; (f) brokerage fees and commissions; (g) federal and state registration fees; (h) any applicable exchange listing fees; (i) federal, state and local taxes; (j) costs of offerings or repurchases of the Shares and other securities, including costs related to the use of one or more dealer managers and/or underwriters; (k) the base management fee and any incentive fee payable under the Investment Advisory Agreement; (l) distributions on the Shares or other securities; (m) administration fees payable to the Administrator under this Agreement; (n) any fees and expenses relating to transfer agent, custodial, and escrow agent services; (o) independent trustee fees and expenses; (p) the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to the Fund’s shareholders, including printing costs; (q) the costs of holding shareholder meetings; (r) litigation, indemnification and other non-recurring or extraordinary expenses; (s) fees and expenses associated with marketing and investor relations efforts; (t) any applicable distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees; (u) dues, fees and charges of any trade association of which the Fund is a member; (v) direct costs and expenses of administration and operation, including printing, mailing, long distance telephone and staff, including fees payable in connection with outsourced administration functions; (w) fees and expenses associated with independent audits and outside legal costs; (x) the Fund’s fidelity bond; (y) trustees and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance, and any other insurance premiums; (z) costs associated with the Fund’s reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws; and (aa) all other expenses reasonably incurred by the Fund or the Administrator in connection with administering the Fund’s business, such as the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under this Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions, and the Fund’s allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of the Fund’s chief compliance officer, chief financial officer, chief operating officer and their respective support staff. To the extent the Administrator outsources any of its functions, including to any sub-administrator, the Fund shall pay the fees associated with such functions on a direct basis, without profit to the Administrator.
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ARTICLE IV
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION
To the full extent permitted by applicable law, the Administrator (and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members, and any other person or entity affiliated with any such person or entity or with the Administrator, including without limitation, its members) shall not be liable to the Fund or its shareholders for any act or omission by the Administrator (and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members, and any other person or entity affiliated with any such person or entity or with the Administrator, including without limitation its members) in connection with the performance of any of its duties or obligations under this Agreement or otherwise acting as administrator for the Fund, and the Fund shall indemnify, defend and protect the Administrator (and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members, and any other person or entity affiliated with any such person or entity or with the Administrator, including without limitation, the Adviser, each of whom shall be deemed a third-party beneficiary hereof) (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) and hold them harmless from and against all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) incurred by the Indemnified Parties in or by reason of any pending, threatened or completed action, suit, investigation or other proceeding (including an action or suit by or in the right of the Fund or its security holders) arising out of or otherwise based upon the performance of any of the Administrator’s duties or obligations under this Agreement or otherwise as administrator for the Fund. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence of this Article IV to the contrary, nothing contained herein shall protect or be deemed to protect the Indemnified Parties against or entitle or be deemed to entitle the Indemnified Parties to indemnification in respect of, any liability to the Fund or its security holders to which the Indemnified Parties would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations in the performance of the Administrator’s duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of the Administrator’s duties and obligations under this Agreement (to the extent applicable, as the same shall be determined in accordance with the 1940 Act and any interpretations or guidance by the SEC or its staff thereunder).
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ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Administrator Personnel. The Administrator shall authorize and permit any of its directors, officers or employees who may be elected or appointed as trustees or officers of the Fund to serve in the capacities in which they are elected or appointed. Services to be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be furnished through the medium of any of such trustees, officers or employees. The Administrator shall make its directors, officers and employees available to attend meetings of the Board of Trustees as may be reasonably requested by the Board of Trustees from time to time. The Administrator shall prepare and provide such reports on the Fund and its operations as may be reasonably requested by the Board of Trustees from time to time.
2. Independent Contractor. Except as otherwise provided herein or authorized by the Board of Trustees from time to time, the Administrator shall for all purposes herein be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall have no authority to act for or represent the Fund in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Fund.
3. Effectiveness, Duration and Termination. This Agreement shall become effective as of the first date above written. This Agreement shall remain in effect for two years, and thereafter shall continue automatically for successive annual periods; provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (a) the vote of the Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund and (b) the vote of a majority of the Fund’s trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of any such party. This Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Fund upon not less than 60 days’ written notice or by the Administrator upon not less than 90 days’ written notice.
4. Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by mutual consent of the Fund and the Administrator.
5. Notice. Any notice or other communication required to be given pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed duly given if delivered or mailed by registered mail, postage prepaid, to the other party at its principal office.
6. Entire Agreement; Governing Law. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and arrangements with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York and the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. To the extent the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.
Eagle point INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | |||
By: | /s/ Thomas P. Majewski | ||
Name: | Thomas P. Majewski | ||
Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
EAGLE POINT ADMINISTRATION LLC | |||
By: | Eagle Point Holdings LP, | ||
its sole member | |||
By: | Eagle Point Holdings GP LLC, | ||
its general partner |
By: | /s/ Thomas P. Majewski | ||
Name: | Thomas P. Majewski | ||
Title: | Manager |
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Exhibit (k)(3)
FORM OF SUB-ADMINISTRATION AND FUND ACCOUNTING AGREEMENT
THIS SUB-ADMINISTRATION AND FUND ACCOUNTING AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is made as of this ___ day of ____________, 2022, by and between Eagle Point Administration LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Administrator”), Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware (the “Investment Adviser”), Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Fund”), and UMB Fund Services, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation, its successors and assigns (the “Sub-Administrator”).
WHEREAS, the Administrator serves as administrator to the Fund;
WHEREAS, the Fund is a closed-end fund registered under the 1940 Act (as defined below) and is authorized to issue Shares;
WHEREAS, the Administrator wishes to delegate certain of its responsibilities in respect of the Fund to the Sub-Administrator; and
WHEREAS, the Administrator, the Fund and the Sub-Administrator desire to enter into an agreement pursuant to which the Sub-Administrator shall provide Services (as defined below) on behalf of the Fund.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and agreements herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby agree as follows:
1. Definitions In addition to any terms defined in the body of this Agreement, the following capitalized terms shall have the meanings set forth hereinafter whenever they appear in this Agreement:
“1933 Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“1940 Act” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
“Authorized Person” shall mean any individual who is authorized to provide Sub-Administrator with Instructions and requests on behalf of the Fund, whose name shall be certified to Sub-Administrator from time to time pursuant to this Agreement. Any officer of the Fund authorized by the Board to be an Authorized Person shall be considered an Authorized Person (unless such authority is limited in a writing from the Fund and received by Sub-Administrator) and has the authority to appoint additional Authorized Persons, to limit or revoke the authority of any previously designated Authorized Person, and to certify to Sub-Administrator the names of the Authorized Persons from time to time.
“Board” shall mean the Board of Trustees of the Fund.
“By-Laws” shall mean the Fund’s By-Laws, including any amendments made thereto.
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“Client” shall mean, collectively, the Fund, Investment Adviser, and Administrator.
“Commission” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Declaration of Trust” shall mean the Declaration of Trust or other similar operational document of the Trust, as the case may be, as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Instructions” shall mean an oral communication from an Authorized Person or a written communication signed by an Authorized Person and actually received by Sub-Administrator. Instructions shall include manually executed originals, telefacsimile transmissions of manually executed originals or electronic communications.
“Prospectus” shall mean the current prospectus and statement of additional information with respect to a Fund (including any applicable amendments and supplements thereto) actually received by Sub-Administrator from the Fund with respect to which the Fund has indicated a Registration Statement has become effective under the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act.
“Registration Statement” shall mean any registration statement on Form N-2 at any time now or hereafter filed with the Commission with respect to any of the Shares and any amendments and supplements thereto which at any time shall have been or will be filed with the Commission.
“Services” shall mean the sub-administration and fund accounting services described on Schedule B hereto and such additional services as may be agreed to by the parties from time to time and set forth in an amendment to Schedule B.
“Shares” shall mean such shares of beneficial interest, or class thereof, of the Fund as may be issued from time to time.
“Shareholder” shall mean a record owner of Shares of the Fund.
2. Appointment and Services
(a) The Client hereby appoints Sub-Administrator as administrator and fund accountant of the Fund and hereby authorizes Sub-Administrator to provide Services during the term of this Agreement and on the terms set forth herein. Subject to the oversight of the Board and utilizing information provided by the Client and its current and prior agents and service providers, Sub-Administrator will provide the Services in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Sub-Administrator shall not be required to provide any Services or information that it believes, in its sole, reasonable discretion, to represent dishonest, unethical or illegal activity. In no event shall Sub-Administrator provide any investment advice or recommendations to any party in connection with its Services hereunder.
(b) Sub-Administrator may from time to time, in its reasonable discretion and at its own expense, appoint one or more other parties to carry out some or all of its responsibilities under this Agreement, provided that Sub-Administrator shall remain responsible to the Client for all such delegated responsibilities in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, in the same manner and to the same extent as if Sub-Administrator were itself providing such Services.
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(c) Sub-Administrator’s duties shall be confined to those expressly set forth herein, and no implied duties are assumed by or may be asserted against Sub-Administrator hereunder. The Services do not include correcting, verifying or addressing any prior actions or inactions of the Fund or by any other current or prior agent or service provider. To the extent Sub-Administrator agrees to take such actions, those actions taken shall be deemed part of the Services.
(d) It is understood that in determining security valuations, Sub-Administrator may employ one or more pricing services, as directed by the Client, to determine valuations of portfolio securities for purposes of calculating net asset values of the Fund. The Client shall identify to Sub-Administrator the pricing service(s) to be utilized, if any. If requested by the Fund, the Sub-Administrator shall price the securities and other holdings of the Fund for which market quotations or prices are available by the use of such pricing service(s).
For those securities where prices are not provided by the pricing service(s) utilized by Sub-Administrator, the Fund shall approve, in good faith, the procedures for determining the fair value of the securities. The Administrator shall initially determine or obtain the valuation of the securities in accordance with those procedures and shall deliver to Sub-Administrator the resulting prices for use in its calculation of net asset values. When security valuations are so provided, the following provisions will also apply:
(i) Valued securities are typically complicated financial instruments. There are many methodologies (including computer-based analytical modeling and individual security valuations) available to generate approximations of the market value of such securities and there is significant professional disagreement about which method is best. No evaluation method, including those used by Sub-Administrator and its suppliers, may consistently generate approximations that correspond to actual “Traded” prices of the securities.
(ii) Methodologies used to provide the pricing portion of certain data may rely on valuations, however, the Fund acknowledges that there may be errors or defects in the software, databases, or methodologies generating the valuations that may cause resultant valuations to be inappropriate for use in certain applications.
The Fund assumes all responsibility for edit checking, external verification of valuations, and ultimately the appropriateness of using data containing valuations, regardless of any efforts made by Sub-Administrator and its suppliers in this regard.
(e) Subject to the terms of Section 8, and where applicable, the Sub-Administrator further agrees to preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act the records described in Schedule B which are maintained by Sub-Administrator for the Fund. To the extent required by Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, Sub-Administrator hereby agrees that all records which it maintains for the Fund hereunder are the property of the Fund and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Fund any of such records upon the Client’s request.
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(f) Any resolution passed by the Board that affects accounting practices and procedures under this Agreement shall be effective upon written receipt of notice and acceptance by Sub-Administrator.
(g) Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to appoint Sub-Administrator and its officers, directors and employees as the Fund’s attorney, form an attorney-client relationship or require the provision of legal advice. The Client acknowledges that Sub-Administrator’s in-house attorneys exclusively represent Sub-Administrator and the Fund’s legal counsel will provide independent judgment on the Fund’s behalf. Because no attorney-client relationship exists between Sub-Administrator’s in-house attorneys and the Fund, any information provided to the Sub-Administrator’s in-house attorneys may not be privileged and may be subject to compulsory disclosure under certain circumstances, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 5. Sub-Administrator represents that it will maintain the confidentiality of information disclosed to its in-house attorneys on a best efforts basis.
3. Representations and Deliveries
(a) The Client shall deliver or cause the following documents to be delivered to Sub-Administrator:
(i) A copy of the Declaration of Trust and By-laws and all amendments thereto, certified by a duly authorized person of the Fund;
(ii) Copies of the Fund’s Registration Statement, as of the date of this Agreement, together with any applications filed in connection therewith;
(iii) All other documents, records and information that Sub-Administrator may reasonably request in order for Sub-Administrator to perform the Services hereunder.
(b) The Fund represents and warrants to Sub-Administrator that:
(i) It is a statutory trust duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware; it is empowered under applicable laws and by its Declaration of Trust and By-laws to enter into and perform this Agreement; and all requisite corporate proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement.
(ii) It is duly registered as a closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act.
(iii) A Registration Statement under the 1933 Act will be effective before the Fund will issue Shares and will remain effective during such period as the Fund is offering Shares for sale. Additionally, appropriate state securities laws filings will be made before Shares are issued in any jurisdiction and such filings will continue to be made, with respect to Shares of the Funds being offered for sale.
(iv) It will conduct its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained (or will timely obtain) all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its Declaration of Trust, By-laws or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement.
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(c) The Fund shall cause the Fund’s officers and trustees, and shall use its best efforts to cause the Fund’s Investment Adviser, Administrator, legal counsel, independent accountants, transfer agent, custodian, distributor and other service providers and agents, past or present, to cooperate with Sub-Administrator and to provide Sub-Administrator with such information, documents and communications relating to the Funds and the Fund as necessary and/or appropriate or as reasonably requested by Sub-Administrator, in order to enable Sub-Administrator to perform the Services. In connection with the performance of the Services, Sub-Administrator shall (without investigation or verification) be entitled and is hereby instructed to, rely upon any and all Instructions, communications, information or documents provided to Sub-Administrator by a representative of the Funds or by any of the aforementioned persons. Sub-Administrator shall be entitled to rely on any document that it reasonably believes to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party. Fees charged by such persons shall be an expense of the Fund. Sub-Administrator shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any trustee, officer, agent, representative or employee of the Fund, Investment Adviser or service provider until receipt of written notice thereof from the Fund.
(d) The Board, the Investment Adviser and the Administrator have and retain primary responsibility for all compliance matters relating to the Fund including but not limited to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the policies and limitations of the Fund relating to the portfolio investments as set forth in the Prospectus. Sub-Administrator’s monitoring and other functions hereunder shall not relieve the Board, the Investment Adviser or the Administrator of their primary day-to-day responsibility for assuring such compliance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sub-Administrator will be responsible for its own compliance with such statutes insofar as such statutes are applicable to the Services it has agreed to provide hereunder, and will promptly notify the Fund if it becomes aware of any non-compliance which relates to the Fund. The Sub-Administrator shall provide the Fund with quarterly and annual certifications (on a calendar basis) with respect to the design and operational effectiveness of its compliance and procedures.
(e) The Client will notify Sub-Administrator of any discrepancy between Sub-Administrator and the Fund, including, but not limited to, failing to account for a security position in a Fund’s portfolio, upon the later to occur of: (i) three (3) business days after receipt of any reports rendered by Sub-Administrator to the Fund; (ii) three (3) business days after discovery of any error or omission not covered in the balancing or control procedure; or (iii) three (3) business days after receiving notice from any Shareholder regarding any such discrepancy.
(f) The Fund agrees that it shall advise Sub-Administrator in writing at least thirty (30) days prior to affecting any change in any Prospectus which would materially increase or alter the duties and obligations of Sub-Administrator hereunder, and shall proceed with such change only if it shall have received the written consent of Sub-Administrator thereto.
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(g) Sub-Administrator represents and warrants to the Client that:
(i) It is a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Wisconsin; it is empowered under applicable law and by its Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws to enter into and perform this Agreement; and all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement.
(ii) It is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, both state and federal, and has obtained (or will timely obtain) all regulatory approvals necessary to carry on its business as now conducted; there is no statute, rule, regulation, order or judgment binding on it and no provision of its operating documents or any contract binding it or affecting its property which would prohibit its execution or performance of this Agreement. Its execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement will not conflict with or violate (a) any provision of the organizational or governance documents of Sub-Administrator or (b) any law applicable to Sub-Administrator.
(iii) Sub-Administrator shall maintain a disaster recovery and business continuity plan and adequate and reliable computer and other equipment necessary and appropriate to carry out its obligations under this Agreement, including commercially reasonable cybersecurity systems, policies and procedures designed to prevent the unauthorized or inadvertent disclosure of Fund information. Upon the Client’s reasonable request, Sub-Administrator shall provide supplemental information concerning the aspects of the foregoing that are relevant to the Services.
(iv) It has and will continue to have access to the necessary facilities, equipment and personnel to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement in accordance with industry standards.
(h) The Sub-Administrator shall act as liaison with the Fund’s independent public accountants, to the extent requested by the Administrator, and shall provide account analyses, fiscal year summaries, and other audit-related schedules. The Sub-Administrator shall take all reasonable action in the performance of its duties under this Agreement to assure that the necessary information is made available to such auditors and accountants in a timely fashion for the expression of their opinion, as required by the Fund.
(i) The Sub-Administrator agrees to comply (and to the extent the Sub-Administrator takes or is required to take action on behalf of the Fund hereunder shall cause the Fund to comply) with all applicable law, as well as all investment restrictions, policies and procedures adopted by the Fund. Except as set forth in this Agreement, the Sub-Administrator assumes no responsibility for such compliance by the Fund. The Sub-Administrator shall maintain at all times a program reasonably designed to prevent violations of the federal securities laws (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act) with respect to the Services provided.
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4. Fees and Expenses
(a) As compensation for the performance of the Services, the Client agrees to pay Sub-Administrator the fees set forth on Schedule C hereto. Fees shall be adjusted in accordance with Schedule C or as otherwise agreed to by the parties from time to time. Fees shall be earned and paid monthly in an amount equal to at least 1/12th of the applicable annual fee. Basis point fees and minimum annual fees apply separately. The parties may amend this Agreement to include fees for any additional services requested by the Client, or enhancements to current Services. The Client agrees to pay Sub-Administrator’s rate (as the parties may agree to in writing from time to time) for Services added to, or for any enhancements to existing Services set forth on, Schedule B after the execution of this Agreement (as the parties may agree to in writing from time to time). In addition, to the extent that Sub-Administrator corrects, verifies or addresses any prior actions or inactions by the Fund or by any prior service provider, Sub-Administrator shall be entitled to additional fees as provided in Schedule C. In the event of any disagreement between this Agreement and Schedule C related to fees, the terms of Schedule C shall control.
(b) For the purpose of determining fees payable to Sub-Administrator, net asset value shall be computed in a manner which is consistent with that disclosed in the Prospectus. The fee for the period from the day of the month this Agreement is entered into until the end of that month shall be pro-rated according to the proportion that such period bears to the full monthly period. Upon any termination of this Agreement before the end of any month, the fee for such part of a month shall be pro-rated according to the proportion which such period bears to the full monthly period and shall be payable upon the date of termination of this Agreement. Should this Agreement be terminated (other than for cause on the part of the Sub-Administrator) or the Fund be liquidated, merged with or acquired by another fund or investment company, any accrued fees shall be immediately payable.
(c) Sub-Administrator will bear all expenses incurred by it in connection with its performance of Services, except as otherwise provided herein. Sub-Administrator shall not be required to pay or finance any costs and expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, including, but not limited to: taxes; interest; brokerage fees and commissions; salaries, fees and expenses of officers and trustees; Commission fees and state Blue Sky fees; advisory fees; charges of custodians, transfer agents, dividend disbursing and accounting services agents and other service providers; security pricing services; insurance premiums; outside auditing and legal expenses; costs of organization and maintenance of corporate existence; taxes and fees payable to federal, state and other governmental agencies; preparation, typesetting, printing, proofing and mailing of Prospectuses, statements of additional information, supplements, notices, forms and applications and proxy materials for regulatory purposes and for distribution to current Shareholders; preparation, typesetting, printing, proofing and mailing and other costs of Shareholder reports; expenses in connection with the electronic transmission of documents and information including electronic filings with the Commission and the states; research and statistical data services; expenses incidental to holding meetings of the Fund’s Shareholders and Trustees; fees and expenses associated with internet, e-mail and other related activities; and extraordinary expenses. Expenses incurred for distribution of Shares, including the typesetting, printing, proofing and mailing of Prospectuses for persons who are not Shareholders, will be borne by the Fund, except for such expenses permitted to be paid under a distribution plan adopted in accordance with applicable laws. Sub-Administrator shall not be required to pay any Blue Sky fees or take any related Blue Sky actions unless and until it has received the amount of such fees from the Fund.
(d) The Client also agrees to promptly reimburse Sub-Administrator for all out-of-pocket expenses or disbursements reasonably incurred by Sub-Administrator in connection with the performance of Services under this Agreement. Out-of-pocket expenses shall include, but not be limited to, those items specified on Schedule C hereto. If reasonably requested by Sub-Administrator, out-of-pocket expenses are payable in advance. Payment of postage expenses, if prepayment is reasonably requested, is due at least seven (7) days prior to the anticipated mail date. In the event Sub-Administrator reasonably requests advance payment, Sub-Administrator shall not be obligated to incur such expenses or perform the related Service(s) until payment is received.
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(e) The Client agrees to pay all amounts due hereunder within forty-five (45) days of receipt of each invoice (the “Due Date”). Except as provided in Schedule C, Sub-Administrator shall bill Service fees monthly, and out-of-pocket expenses as incurred (unless prepayment is requested by Sub-Administrator). Sub-Administrator may, at its option, arrange to have various service providers submit invoices directly to the Client for payment of reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses.
(f) The Client is aware that its failure to remit to Sub-Administrator all amounts due on or before the Due Date may cause Sub-Administrator to incur costs not contemplated by this Agreement, including, but not limited to carrying, processing and accounting charges. Accordingly, in the event that Sub-Administrator does not receive any amounts due hereunder by the Due Date, the Client agrees to pay a late charge on the overdue amount equal to one and one-half percent (1.5%) per month or the maximum amount permitted by law, whichever is less. In addition, the Client shall pay Sub-Administrator’s reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs if any amounts due Sub-Administrator in the event that an attorney is engaged to assist in the collection of amounts due. Acceptance of such late charge shall in no event constitute a waiver by Sub-Administrator of the Client’s default or prevent Sub-Administrator from exercising any other rights and remedies available to it.
(g) In the event that any charges are disputed, the Client shall, on or before the Due Date, pay all undisputed amounts due hereunder and notify the Sub-Administrator in writing of any disputed charges for out-of-pocket expenses which it is disputing in good faith. Payment for such disputed charges shall be due on or before the close of the fifth (5th) business day after the day on which Sub-Administrator provides documentation which the parties hereto agree that an objective observer would agree reasonably supports the disputed charges (the “Revised Due Date”). Late charges shall not begin to accrue as to charges disputed in good faith until the first day after the Revised Due Date.
(h) The Client acknowledges that the fees charged by Sub-Administrator under this Agreement reflect the allocation of risk between the parties, including the exclusion of remedies and limitations of liability in Section 6. Modifying the allocation of risk from what is stated herein would affect the fees that Sub-Administrator charges. Accordingly, in consideration of those fees, the Fund agrees to the stated allocation of risk.
5. Confidential Information
(a) Sub-Administrator agrees on behalf of itself its and its affiliates, partners, employees, directors and agents to treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund all records and other information relative to the Fund’s portfolio holdings, not to use such information other than in the performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, and not to disclose such information except: (i) when requested to divulge such information by duly-constituted authorities or court process; (ii) to an affiliate, as defined by Section 248.3(a) of Regulation S-P; or, (iii) pursuant to any other exception permitted by Sections 248.14 and 248.15 of Regulation S-P in the ordinary course of business to carry out the activities covered by the exception under which Sub-Administrator received the information. In case of any requests or demands for inspection of the records of the Fund, Sub-Administrator will endeavor to notify the Client promptly and to secure instructions from a representative of the Client as to such inspection. Records and information which have become known to the public through no wrongful act of Sub-Administrator or any of its employees, agents or representatives, and information which was already in the possession of Sub-Administrator prior to receipt thereof, shall not be subject to this Section. Any party appointed pursuant to Section 2(b) above shall be required to observe the confidentiality obligations contained herein.
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(b) In connection with Sub-Administrator’s provision of the Services, the Client may have access to and become acquainted with confidential proprietary information of Sub-Administrator, including, but not limited to (a) client identities and relationships, compilations of information, records and specifications; (b) data or information that is competitively sensitive material, and not generally by the public; (c) confidential or proprietary concepts, documentation, reports, or data; (d) information regarding Sub-Administrator’s information security program; and (e) anything designated as confidential (collectively, “Sub-Administrator Confidential Information”). Neither the Client, nor any of its respective officers, employees or agents shall disclose any of the Sub-Administrator Confidential Information, directly or indirectly, or use the Sub-Administrator Confidential Information in any way, for its own benefit or for the benefit of others, either during the term of this Agreement or at any time thereafter, except as required in the course of performing the duties of each party under this Agreement. The term “Sub-Administrator Confidential Information” does not include information that (a) becomes or has been generally available to the public other than as a result of disclosure by the Client; (b) was available to the Client on a non-confidential basis prior to its disclosure by Sub-Administrator or any of its affiliates; or (c) is independently developed or becomes available to Client on a non-confidential basis from a source other than Sub-Administrator or its affiliates. The Client represents and warrants that it shall take and maintain adequate physical, electronic and procedural safeguards in connection with any use, storage, transmission, duplication or other process involving or derived from the Sub-Administrator Confidential Information whether such storage, transmission, duplication or other process is by physical or electronic medium (including use of the Internet).
(c) The provisions of this Section 5 will survive termination of this Agreement and will inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and assigns.
6. Limitation of Liability
(a) The Sub-Administrator shall exercise due care and reasonable care in good faith and in accordance with reasonable commercial standards in discharging its duties hereunder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Sub-Administrator shall be liable to Client for all losses, damages and reasonable costs and expenses suffered or incurred by Client resulting from the bad faith, gross negligence, fraud, reckless disregard in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement, uncured material breach of this Agreement or willful misconduct of the Sub-Administrator (the “Standard of Care”). Subject to the foregoing, Sub-Administrator shall not be liable for: (i) any action reasonably taken or omitted to be taken in accordance with or in reasonable reliance upon Instructions, communications, data, documents or information (without investigation or verification) received by the Sub-Administrator from an officer or representative of the Client, or from any Authorized Person; (ii) any action taken or omission by Client any Authorized Person or any past or current service provider; or, (iii) its reliance on the security valuations without investigation or verification provided by pricing service(s), the Client or its representatives.
9
(b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each party hereto will be excused from its obligation to perform any Service or obligation required of it hereunder for the duration that such performance is prevented by events beyond its reasonable control and shall not be liable for any default, damage, loss of data or documents, errors, delay or any other loss whatsoever caused thereby. Sub-Administrator will, however, take all reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions for any period that such interruption continues beyond its reasonable control.
(c) In no event and under no circumstances shall the Indemnified Parties (as defined below) be liable to anyone, including, without limitation, the other party, under any theory of tort, contract, strict liability or other legal or equitable theory for lost profits, exemplary, punitive, special, indirect or consequential damages for any act or failure to act under any provision of this Agreement regardless of whether such damages were foreseeable and even if advised of the possibility thereof.
(d) The obligations of the parties under Section 6 shall indefinitely survive the termination of this Agreement.
7. Indemnification
(a) The Client agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Sub-Administrator, and its nominees (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) from and against any and all claims, demands, actions and suits, and from and against any and all judgments, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, charges, fees, penalties, and other expenses (excluding attorney’s fees) of every nature and character (“Losses”) which may be asserted against or incurred by any Indemnified Party or for which any Indemnified Party may be held liable (a “Claim”), arising out of or in any way relating to any of the following, except, in each case, to the extent a Claim resulted from Sub-Administrator’s breach of the Standard of Care:
(i) any action or omission of Sub-Administrator;
(ii) Sub-Administrator’s reasonable reliance on, implementation of or use of, Instructions, communications, data, documents or information (without investigation or verification) received by Sub-Administrator from an officer or representative of the Fund, or from any Authorized Person;
(iii) any action taken, or omission by, Client, any Authorized Person or any past or current service provider (not including Sub-Administrator);
(iv) any Claim that arises out of the Client’s gross negligence or misconduct or breach of any representation or warranty of the Client made herein; and
(v) its reliance on the security valuations without investigation or verification provided by pricing service(s), the Client or its representatives.
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(b) Promptly after receipt by Sub-Administrator of notice of the commencement of an investigation, action, claim or proceeding, Sub-Administrator shall, if a claim for indemnification in respect thereof is made under this Section, notify the Client in writing of the commencement thereof, although the failure to do so shall not prevent recovery by Sub-Administrator or any Indemnified Party. The Client shall be entitled to participate at its own expense in the defense or, if it so elects, to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any such Loss, but if the Client elects to assume the defense, such defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by the Client and approved by Sub-Administrator, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. In the event the Client elects to assume the defense of any such suit and retain such counsel and notifies Sub-Administrator of such election, the indemnified defendant or defendants in such suit shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel retained by them subsequent to the receipt of the Client’s election. If the Client does not elect to assume the defense of any such suit, or in case Sub-Administrator does not, in the exercise of reasonable judgment, approve of counsel chosen by the Client, or in case there is a conflict of interest between the Client and Sub-Administrator or any Indemnified Party, the Client will reimburse the Indemnified Party or Parties named as defendant or defendants in such suit, for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel retained by Sub-Administrator and them. The Client’s indemnification agreement contained in this Section 7 and the Client’s representations and warranties in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of Sub-Administrator and each Indemnified Party, and shall survive the delivery of any Shares and the termination of this Agreement. This agreement of indemnity will inure exclusively to Sub-Administrator’s benefit, to the benefit of each Indemnified Party and their estates and successors. The Client agrees to promptly notify Sub-Administrator of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against the Client or any of its officers or directors in connection with the issue and sale of any of the Shares.
(c) The obligations of the parties under this Section 7 shall indefinitely survive the termination of this Agreement.
8. Term
(a) This Agreement shall become effective as of the date hereof. This Agreement shall continue in effect for a [ ]-year period beginning on the date of this Agreement (the “Initial Term”). Thereafter, if not terminated as provided herein, the Agreement shall continue automatically in effect for successive [ ]-year periods (each a “Renewal Term”).
(b) In the event this Agreement is terminated by the Client prior to the end of the Initial Term or any subsequent Renewal Term, the Client shall be obligated to pay Sub-Administrator the remaining balance of the fees payable to Sub-Administrator under this Agreement through the end of the Initial Term or Renewal Term, as applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may terminate this Agreement at the end of the Initial Term or at the end of any successive Renewal Term (the “Termination Date”) by giving the other party a written notice not less than [ ] days’ prior to the end of the respective term. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon the termination of the Agreement as provided herein or the liquidation, merger or acquisition of the Fund, Sub-Administrator shall deliver the records of the Fund to the Client or a successor service provider at the expense of the Client in a form that is consistent with Sub-Administrator’s applicable license agreements, and thereafter the Client or its designee shall be solely responsible for preserving the records for the periods required by all applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Client shall be responsible for all documented expenses associated with the movement (or duplication) of records and materials and conversion thereof to a successor service provider, including all reasonable trailing expenses incurred by Sub-Administrator. In addition, in the event of termination of this Agreement, or the proposed liquidation, merger or acquisition of the Fund, and Sub-Administrator’s agreement to provide additional Services in connection therewith, Sub-Administrator shall provide such Services and be entitled to such compensation as the parties may mutually agree. Sub-Administrator shall not reduce the level of service provided to the Client prior to termination following notice of termination by the Client.
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9. Power of Attorney
The Fund hereby grants to Sub-Administrator the limited power of attorney on behalf of the Funds to sign Blue Sky forms and related documents in connection with the performance of Services under this Agreement.
10. Miscellaneous
(a) Any notice required or permitted to be given by either party to the other under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given when received by the other party as set forth below. Such notices shall be sent to the addresses listed below, or to such other location as either party may from time to time designate in writing:
If to Sub-Administrator: | UMB Fund Services, Inc. | |
235 West Galena Street | ||
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 | ||
Attention: Legal Department | ||
Email: UMBFS-legal@umb.com | ||
If to the Client: | Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202 | ||
Greenwich, CT 06830 | ||
Attention: Kenneth Onorio, CFO | ||
Email: konorio@eaglepointcredit.com | ||
Cc: Compliance@eaglepointcredit.com |
If notice is sent by electronic delivery or facsimile, it shall be deemed to have been given immediately (contingent upon confirmed receipt by the intended recipient). If notice is sent by first-class mail, it shall be deemed to have been given five days after it has been mailed. If notice is sent by messenger, it shall be deemed to have been given on the day it is delivered.
(b) Except as provided to the contrary herein, this Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner except by a written agreement executed by both parties with the formality of this Agreement.
12
(c) This Agreement shall be governed by Wisconsin law, excluding the laws on conflicts of laws. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of Wisconsin, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control, and nothing herein shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the 1940 Act or any rule or order of the Commission thereunder. Any provision of this Agreement which is determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. In such case, the parties shall in good faith modify or substitute such provision consistent with the original intent of the parties.
(d) This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original agreement but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. The facsimile signature of any party to this Agreement shall constitute the valid and binding execution hereof by such party.
(e) The services of Sub-Administrator hereunder are not deemed to be exclusive. Sub-Administrator may render sub-administration and fund accounting services and any other services to others, including other investment companies.
(f) The captions in the Agreement are included for convenience of reference only, and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
(g) This Agreement is executed by the Client with respect to the Fund and the obligations hereunder are not binding upon any of the trustees, officers or Shareholders individually but are binding only upon the Client, including the Fund to which such obligations pertain and the assets and property of such Fund. To the extent that other funds are added as party to this Agreement in the future, all obligations of each fund under this Agreement shall apply only on a fund-by-fund basis, and the assets of one fund shall not be liable for the obligations of another fund. The Fund’s Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of State of Delaware.
(h) This Agreement and the Schedules incorporated herein constitute the full and complete understanding and agreement of Sub-Administrator and the Client and supersedes all prior negotiations, understandings and agreements with respect to sub-administration and fund accounting.
(i) Except as specifically provided herein, this Agreement does not in any way affect any other agreements entered into among the parties hereto and any actions taken or omitted by any party hereunder shall not affect any rights or obligations of any other party hereunder.
(j) Sub-Administrator shall retain all right, title and interest in any and all computer programs, screen formats, report formats, procedures, data bases, interactive design techniques, derivative works, inventions, discoveries, patentable or copyrightable matters, concepts, expertise, trade secrets, trademarks and other related legal rights provided, developed or utilized by Sub-Administrator in connection with the Services provided by Sub-Administrator to the Client hereunder.
(k) This Agreement shall extend to and shall be binding upon the parties hereto, and their respective successors and assigns. This Agreement shall not be assignable by either party without the written consent of the other party.
(l) The person signing below represents and warrants that he/she is duly authorized to execute this Agreement on behalf of the party on whose behalf such person is signing.
[Signature page to follow.]
13
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by a duly authorized person as of the day, month and year first above written.
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | ||
(the “Fund”) | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: | ||
Date: | ||
EAGLE POINT CREDIT MANAGEMENT LLC | ||
(the “Fund”) | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: | ||
Date: | ||
EAGLE POINT ADMINISTRATION LLC | ||
(the “Fund”) | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: | ||
Date: | ||
UMB FUND SERVICES, INC. | ||
(“Sub-Administrator”) | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: | ||
Date: |
14
Schedule A
to the
Sub-Administration and Fund Accounting Agreement
among
Eagle Point Administration LLC, Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, Eagle Point Institutional
Income Fund
and
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
[RESERVED]
15
Schedule B
to the
Sub-Administration and Fund Accounting Agreement
by and between
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
and
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
SERVICES
Subject to the oversight of, and utilizing information provided by the Client and their respective agents, the Sub-Administrator will provide the following services:
Fund Accounting
1. | Establish, maintain and review the administrative and procedural processes. |
2. | Establish, maintain and review the general ledgers. |
3. | Assess management and incentive fees, calculate net asset values and effect all appropriate allocations, including new issue carve-outs, in accordance with the Fund’s operating documents as provided to the Sub-Administrator. |
4. | Coordinate, execute and give third-party approval for all cash movements in accordance with the Funds’ offering documents. Perform cash reconciliations daily. |
5. | Receive and record all underlying investment transactions, including capital commitments, capital calls, draw-downs and distributions, and reconcile cash and investments to all custodian and bank accounts daily. |
6. | Perform position reconciliations between the Fund and UMB. |
7. | Receive and record all underlying investment valuations and other pertinent information. |
8. | Determine and periodically monitor the Fund’s income and expense accruals. |
9. | Generate the financial reporting package as of each period-end including the Statements of Financial Position, Profit and Loss, Changes in Capital and Changes in Investor’s Capital. |
10. | Create and maintain Sub-Administrator Website portal for the Fund. Includes access to details of investment and investor subscription and redemption activity, month-end balances, financial packages, investor capital statements, tax information, and fund-level information such as fund documents, fund annual audit reports, and fund communication letters. |
16
Regulatory Administration
Subject to the direction of and utilizing information provided by the Client and its agents, the Sub-Administrator will provide the services listed below. The Sub-Administrator’s provision of these services shall not relieve the Fund and the Fund’s Investment Adviser of their primary day-to-day responsibility for assuring such compliance. The Sub-Administrator’s ability to provide information regarding compliance with respect to applicable rules and regulations may be limited by the characteristics of the Fund’s investments. The Sub-Administrator shall perform the following duties on behalf of the Fund:
1. | General Fund Management |
a. | Provide appropriate personnel, office facilities, information technology, record keeping and other resources as necessary for the Sub-Administrator to perform its duties and responsibilities under this agreement; |
b. | Act as liaison among all Fund service providers. |
2. | Financial Reporting and Audits |
a. | Prepare quarterly, semi-annual and annual schedules and financial statements including schedule of investments and the related statements of operations, assets and liabilities, changes in net assets and cash flow (if required), and financial highlights to each financial statement; |
b. | Draft footnotes to financial statements for approval by the Funds’ officers and independent accountants; |
c. | Provide facilities, information and personnel as necessary to accommodate annual audits with the Funds’ independent accountants or examinations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. |
3. | Expenses |
a. | Prepare annual Fund-level and class-level budgets and update on a periodic basis; |
b. | Coordinate the payment of expenses; |
c. | Establish accruals and provide to the Funds’ Fund Accountant; |
d. | Provide expense summary reporting as reasonably requested by the Fund. |
4. | Filings |
a. | Provide the following for Form N-2 filings and required updates: |
i. | Preparation of expense table; |
ii. | Performance information; |
iii. | Preparation of shareholder expense transaction and annual fund operating expense examples; and |
iv. | Investment Advisor and trustee fee data. |
5. | Other |
a. | Calculate dividend and capital gain distributions, subject to review and approval by the Funds’ officers and independent accountants; |
b. | Calculate standard performance, as defined by Rule 482 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as requested by the Fund; |
c. | Report performance and other portfolio information to outside reporting agencies as directed by the Investment Adviser; |
d. |
e. | Provide periodic updates on recent accounting, tax and regulatory events affecting the Funds and/or Investment Adviser; |
f. | Assist the Funds during SEC audits, including providing applicable documents from the SEC’s document request list; |
Legal Administration
Subject to review by Fund counsel:
1. | Filings |
a. | For closed-end funds, prepare and file periodic tender offers. |
17
Schedule C
to the
Sub-Administration and Fund Accounting Agreement
by and between
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
and
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
FEES*
[RESERVED]
18
Exhibit (k)(4)
FORM OF EXPENSE LIMITATION AND REIMBURSEMENT AGREEMENT
This Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made this [ ] day of [ ], 2022, by and between Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Fund”), and Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Adviser”).
WHEREAS, the Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that is registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);
WHEREAS, the Fund has retained the Adviser to furnish investment advisory services to the Fund on the terms and conditions set forth in the investment advisory agreement, dated [ ], entered between the Fund and the Adviser, as may be amended or restated (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, the Fund and the Adviser have determined that it may be appropriate and in the best interests of the Fund for the Adviser to pay certain expenses of the Fund.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Expense Limitation and Reimbursement
(a) | For a period of two years after the date of this Agreement, which such period can be extended by the Board of Trustees of the Fund, the Adviser or any affiliate of the Adviser may provide expense support to the Fund in order to reduce the operating expenses borne by the Fund’s shareholders, to the extent the Fund’s base investment advisory fees (excluding incentive fees) incurred in connection with the Investment Advisory Agreement and ordinary operating expenses exceed 6.00% per annum of the Fund’s average net assets, as measured at the end of each fiscal quarter (the “Expense Cap”) (each, an “Expense” and any payment of an Expense an “Expense Limitation Payment” or “Reimbursement,” as applicable). In connection with any Expense Limitation Payment, the Adviser may deliver a notice in the form of Appendix A to this Agreement. The Adviser may pay Expenses directly, reimburse the Fund for such Expenses incurred and paid, or waive a portion of all fees due to the Adviser under the Investment Advisory Agreement or an affiliate during each quarterly calculation period. | |
(b) | Any Expense Limitation Payment or waiver is subject to Reimbursement by the Fund for three years after the date on which such Expense Limitation Payment or waiver was made. Reimbursement can only be made if the Fund is able to make the Expense Limitation Payment without exceeding the Expense Cap at the time of such Reimbursement. Reimbursement must be approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund. |
2. Termination and Survival
(a) | This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of this Agreement. |
(b) | This Agreement may be terminated, without the payment of any penalty, by the Fund or the Adviser at any time, with or without notice. | |
(c) | This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of (i) the termination by the Fund of the Investment Advisory Agreement; (ii) the Board of Trustees of the Fund makes a determination to dissolve or liquidate the Fund; or (iii) upon a quotation or listing of the Fund’s securities on a national securities exchange (including through an initial public offering) or a sale of all or substantially all of the Fund’s assets to, or a merger or other liquidity transaction with, an entity in which the Fund’s shareholders receive shares of a publicly-traded company which continues to be managed by the Adviser or an affiliate thereof. |
(d) | Sections 2 and 3 of this Agreement shall survive any termination of this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, Section 1 of this Agreement shall survive any termination of this Agreement with respect to any Expense Limitation Payments that have not been reimbursed by the Fund to the Adviser. |
3. Miscellaneous
(a) | The captions of this Agreement are included for convenience only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. | |
(b) | This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and arrangements with respect to the subject matter hereof. | |
(c) | Notwithstanding the place where this Agreement may be executed by any of the parties hereto, this Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. For so long as the Fund is a registered investment company under the 1940 Act, this Agreement shall also be construed in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. In such case, to the extent the applicable laws of the State of New York or any of the provisions herein conflict with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. Further, nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to require the Fund to take any action contrary to the Fund’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust or By-Laws, as each may be amended or restated, or to relieve or deprive the Board of Trustees of the Fund of its responsibility for and control of the conduct of the affairs of the Fund. | |
(d) | If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable. | |
(e) | The Fund shall not assign this Agreement or any right, interest or benefit under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Adviser. | |
(f) | This Agreement may be amended in writing by mutual consent of the parties. This Agreement may be executed by the parties on any number of counterparts, delivery of which may occur by facsimile or as an attachment to an electronic communication, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first written above.
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | ||
By: | ||
Name: | [___] | |
Title: | [___] | |
EAGLE POINT CREDIT MANAGEMENT LLC | ||
By: | ||
Name: | [____] | |
Title: | [____] |
[Signature Page to Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement]
Appendix A
Form of Notice of Expense Limitation Payment or Reimbursement
¨ Expense Limitation Payment
Expense Limitation Payment Effective Date: | ||
Expense Limitation Payment Amount: |
All Expense Limitation Payments are subject to reimbursement pursuant to the terms of the Agreement.
¨ Reimbursement Payment
Reimbursement Effective Date: |
Reimbursement Amount: |
Exhibit (k)(5)
FORM OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND OFFERING EXPENSE SUPPORT AND REIMBURSEMENT AGREEMENT
This Organizational and Offering Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made this [ ] day of [ ], 2022, by and between Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Fund”), and Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Adviser”).
WHEREAS, the Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that is registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);
WHEREAS, the Fund has retained the Adviser to furnish investment advisory services to the Fund on the terms and conditions set forth in the investment advisory agreement, dated [ ], entered between the Fund and the Adviser, as may be amended or restated (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, the Fund and the Adviser have determined that it may be appropriate and in the best interests of the Fund for the Adviser to pay certain expenses of the Fund.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Adviser Expense Payments to the Fund
(a) | Pursuant to the Fund’s registration statement on Form N-2, the Fund will pay for organizational and offering (“O&O”) expenses up to a limit of 1.50% of gross proceeds raised in the Fund’s offering of its shares of beneficial interest. Subject to this limit, the Fund may pay O&O expenses directly or in the form of reimbursement to affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Administrator that have paid Fund O&O expenses on its behalf (such reimbursement by the Fund is herein referred to as an “Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement”). In connection with any Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement, the Adviser may deliver a notice in the form of Appendix A to this Agreement. |
(b) | Any O&O expenses subject to Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement are reimbursable by the Fund up to three years after the date on which such O&O expenses were paid on the Fund’s behalf. Reimbursement can only be made if the Fund is able to make the Affiliate O&O Expense Reimbursement without exceeding the 1.50% limit described in Section 1(a), above, at the time of such reimbursement. Reimbursement must be approved by the Board of Trustees of the Fund. |
2. Termination and Survival
(a) | This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of this Agreement. |
(b) | This Agreement may be terminated, without the payment of any penalty, by the Fund or the Adviser at any time, with or without notice. |
(c) | This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of (i) the termination by the Fund of the Investment Advisory Agreement; (ii) the Board of Trustees of the Fund makes a determination to dissolve or liquidate the Fund; or (iii) upon a quotation or listing of the Fund’s securities on a national securities exchange (including through an initial public offering) or a sale of all or substantially all of the Fund’s assets to, or a merger or other liquidity transaction with, an entity in which the Fund’s shareholders receive shares of a publicly-traded company which continues to be managed by the Adviser or an affiliate thereof. |
(d) | Sections 2 and 3 of this Agreement shall survive any termination of this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, Section 1 of this Agreement shall survive any termination of this Agreement with respect to any O&O expenses that have not been reimbursed by the Fund to the Adviser. |
3. Miscellaneous
(a) | The captions of this Agreement are included for convenience only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. |
(b) | This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and arrangements with respect to the subject matter hereof. |
(c) | Notwithstanding the place where this Agreement may be executed by any of the parties hereto, this Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. For so long as the Fund is a registered investment company under the 1940 Act, this Agreement shall also be construed in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. In such case, to the extent the applicable laws of the State of New York or any of the provisions herein conflict with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. Further, nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to require the Fund to take any action contrary to the Fund’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust or By-Laws, as each may be amended or restated, or to relieve or deprive the Board of Trustees of the Fund of its responsibility for and control of the conduct of the affairs of the Fund. |
(d) | If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby and, to this extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to be severable. |
(e) | The Fund shall not assign this Agreement or any right, interest or benefit under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Adviser. |
(f) | This Agreement may be amended in writing by mutual consent of the parties. This Agreement may be executed by the parties on any number of counterparts, delivery of which may occur by facsimile or as an attachment to an electronic communication, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first written above.
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | ||
By: | ||
Name: | [___] | |
Title: | [___] | |
EAGLE POINT CREDIT MANAGEMENT LLC | ||
By: | ||
Name: | [____] | |
Title: | [____] |
[Signature Page to Organizational and Offering Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement]
Appendix A
Form of Notice of Reimbursement
Description of O&O Expense (Type of expense, date incurred, relevant party(ies), etc.):
Reimbursement Effective Date: |
Reimbursement Amount: |
Exhibit (k)(6)
FORM OF LICENSE AGREEMENT
This LICENSE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and effective as of the [____] day of [____], [____] (the “Effective Date”), by and between Eagle Point Credit Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Licensor”), and Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (together with any successor thereto, “Licensee”) (each a “party,” and collectively, the “parties”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Licensee is a newly organized, externally managed investment company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);
WHEREAS, Licensor has used the mark “Eagle Point” and the Eagle Point logo (each, a “Licensed Mark” and together, the “Licensed Marks”) in the United States of America (the “Territory”) in connection with the investment management and investment advisory services that Licensor provides;
WHEREAS, Licensee has entered into an investment advisory agreement dated [___] [___], [___] with Licensor (the “Advisory Agreement”), wherein Licensee has engaged Licensor to act as the investment adviser to Licensee;
WHEREAS, Licensee desires to use the Licensed Marks as part of its name and in connection with the operation of its business, and Licensor is willing to grant Licensee a license to use the Licensed Marks, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
ARTICLE
1.
LICENSE GRANT
1.1. License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Licensor hereby grants to Licensee, and Licensee hereby accepts from Licensor, a personal, non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use the Licensed Marks solely and exclusively as a component of Licensee’s own name and in connection with marketing the investment management, investment consultation and investment advisory services that Licensor may provide to Licensee. During the term of this Agreement, Licensee shall use the Licensed Marks only to the extent permitted under this License, and except as provided above, neither Licensee nor any affiliate, owner, member, manager, director, officer, employee or agent thereof shall otherwise use the Licensed Marks or any derivative thereof in the Territory without the prior express written consent of Licensor, which consent Licensor may grant or withhold in its sole and absolute discretion, and shall not use the Licensed Marks for any purpose outside the Territory. All rights not expressly granted to Licensee hereunder shall remain the exclusive property of Licensor.
1.2. Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude Licensor or any of its successors or assigns from using or permitting other entities to use the Licensed Marks, whether or not such entity directly or indirectly competes or conflicts with Licensee’s business in any manner.
ARTICLE
2.
COMPLIANCE
2.1. Quality Control. In order to preserve the inherent value of the Licensed Marks, Licensee agrees to use reasonable efforts to ensure that it maintains the quality of Licensee’s business and the operation thereof equal to the standards prevailing in the operation of Licensee’s business as applicable to Licensee from time to time. Licensee further agrees to use the Licensed Marks in accordance with such quality standards as may be reasonably established by Licensor and communicated to Licensee from time to time in writing, or as may be agreed to by Licensor and Licensee from time to time in writing.
2.2. Compliance With Laws. Licensee agrees that the business operated by it in connection with the Licensed Marks shall comply with all laws, rules, regulations and requirements of any governmental body in the Territory or elsewhere as may be applicable to the operation, marketing, and promotion of the business and shall notify Licensor of any action that must be taken by Licensee to comply with such laws, rules, regulations or requirements.
2.3. Notification of Infringement. Each party shall immediately notify the other party and provide to the other party all relevant background facts upon becoming aware of: (a) any registrations of, or applications for registration of, marks in the Territory that do or may conflict with Licensor’s rights in the Licensed Marks or the rights granted to Licensee under this Agreement, (b) any infringements or misuse of the Licensed Marks in the Territory by any third party (“Third Party Infringement”) or (c) any claim that Licensee’s use of the Licensed Marks infringes the intellectual property rights of any third party in the Territory (“Third Party Claim”). Licensor shall have the exclusive right, but not the obligation, to prosecute, defend and/or settle, in its sole discretion, all actions, proceedings and claims involving any Third Party Infringement or Third Party Claim, and to take any other action that it deems necessary or proper for the protection and preservation of its rights in the Licensed Marks. Licensee shall cooperate with Licensor in the prosecution, defense or settlement of such actions, proceedings or claims.
ARTICLE
3.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1. Licensee accepts this license on an “as is” basis. Licensee acknowledges that Licensor makes no explicit or implicit representation or warranty as to the registrability, validity, enforceability or ownership of the Licensed Marks, or as to Licensee’s ability to use the Licensed Marks without infringing or otherwise violating the rights of others, and Licensor has no obligation to indemnify Licensee with respect to any claims arising from Licensee’s use of the Licensed Marks, including, without limitation, any Third Party Claim.
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3.2. Mutual Representations. Each party hereby represents and warrants to the other party as follows:
(a) Due Authorization. Such party is a limited liability company duly formed and in good standing as of the Effective Date in its jurisdiction of formation, and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by such party have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of such party.
(b) Due Execution. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by such party and, upon due authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement by the other party, constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such party, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms.
(c) No Conflict. Such party’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement do not: (i) violate, conflict with or result in the breach of any provision of the certificate of formation or limited liability company operating agreement (or similar organizational documents) of such party; (ii) conflict with or violate any governmental order applicable to such party or any of its assets, properties or businesses; or (iii) conflict with, result in any breach of, constitute a default (or event which with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would become a default) under, require any consent under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration, suspension, revocation or cancellation of any contract, agreement, lease, sublease, license, permit, franchise or other instrument or arrangement to which it is a party.
ARTICLE
4.
TERM AND TERMINATION
4.1. Term. This Agreement shall expire if Licensor or one of its affiliates ceases to serve as investment adviser to Licensee. This Agreement shall be terminable by Licensor, at any time and in its sole discretion, in the event that Licensor or Licensee receives notice of any Third Party Claim arising out of Licensee’s use of the Licensed Marks; by Licensor or Licensee upon sixty (60) days’ prior written notice to the other party; or by Licensor at any time in the event Licensee assigns or attempts to assign or sublicense this Agreement or any of Licensee’s rights or duties hereunder without the prior written consent of Licensor.
4.2. Upon Termination. Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, all rights granted to Licensee under this Agreement with respect to the Licensed Marks shall cease, and Licensee shall cease using the Licensed Marks as promptly as practicable, making all reasonable efforts to remove “Eagle Point” from its name, including calling special meetings of members or stockholders, as necessary and applicable. For twenty-four (24) months following termination of this Agreement, Licensee shall specify on all public-facing materials in a prominent place and in prominent typeface that Licensee is no longer operating under the Licensed Marks, is no longer associated with Licensor, or such other notice as may be deemed necessary by Licensor in its sole discretion, including with respect to its prosecution, defense, and/or settlement of any Third Party Claim.
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ARTICLE
5.
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1. Third Party Beneficiaries. Nothing in this Agreement, either express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any third party any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.
5.2. Assignment. Licensee shall not sublicense, assign, pledge, grant or otherwise encumber or transfer to any third party all or any part of its rights or duties under this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Licensor, which consent Licensor may grant or withhold in its sole and absolute discretion. Any purported transfer without such consent shall be void ab initio.
5.3. Independent Contractor. Neither party shall have, or shall represent that it has, any power, right or authority to bind the other party to any obligation or liability, or to assume or create any obligation or liability on behalf of the other party.
5.4. Notices. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given or made (and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made upon receipt) by delivery in person, by overnight courier service (with signature required), by facsimile or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective parties at the following addresses (or such other address as the parties may provide to each other by written notice):
If to Licensor:
Eagle Point Credit Management LLC 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202 Greenwich, CT 06830 Tel. No.: (202) 340-8500 Attn: [___] |
If to Licensee:
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202 Greenwich, CT 06830 Tel. No.: (202) 340-8500 Attn: [___]
|
5.5. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. The parties unconditionally and irrevocably consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located in the State of New York and waive any objection with respect thereto, for the purpose of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
5.6. Amendment. This Agreement may not be amended or modified except by an instrument in writing signed by each party hereto.
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5.7. No Waiver. The failure of either party to enforce at any time for any period the provisions of, or any rights deriving from, this Agreement shall not be construed to be a waiver of such provisions or rights or the right of such party thereafter to enforce such provisions, and no waiver shall be binding unless executed in writing by all parties hereto.
5.8. Severability. If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any law or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
5.9. Headings. The descriptive headings contained in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
5.10. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which when executed shall be deemed to be an original instrument and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
5.11. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, between the parties with respect to such subject matter.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each party has caused this Agreement to be executed as of the Effective Date by its duly authorized officer.
LICENSOR: | ||
EAGLE POINT CREDIT MANAGEMENT LLC | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: | ||
LICENSEE: | ||
EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: |
[Signature Page to License Agreement]
Exhibit (k)(7)
January __, 2022
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
Dear [·]:
In connection with your service as [officer][member of the Board of Trustees] Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (together with any successor thereto, the “Fund”), and as permitted by the Fund’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (as further amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Operating Agreement”), and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, we hereby agree, effective as of the date hereof, to indemnify and hold you harmless, to the full extent permitted by applicable Delaware law on the date hereof, from and against any and all losses, claims, actions, damages, liabilities, costs, charges and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) incurred by you by reason of, or arising out of, any pending, threatened or completed action, suit, investigation or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Fund), or any act or omission or alleged act done or omitted in connection with or otherwise based upon the performance or execution of your duties as an individual who is a present or former trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Fund and who is made a party to a proceeding by reason of service in that capacity or an individual who, while a trustee or officer of the Fund and at the request of the Fund, serves or has served as a trustee, officer, employee or agent of another company, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise (including employee benefit plans) and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of service in that capacity. You shall not be entitled to indemnification, however, for any liability to the Fund or its members to which you would otherwise be subject by reason of your willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or by reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of your office.
Promptly after receipt by you of notice of any complaint or the commencement of any action or proceeding against you with respect to which indemnification is being sought hereunder, you shall notify us in writing of such complaint or of the commencement of such action or proceeding. However, failure to provide such notice shall relieve us from any liability which we may have hereunder only if and to the extent that such failure results in the forfeiture by us of substantial rights and defenses, and shall not in any event relieve us from any other obligation or liability that we may have to you otherwise than under this letter agreement. If we so elect or are requested by you, we shall assume the conduct of the defense of such action or proceeding, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to you and the payment of the reasonable fees and disbursements of such counsel. In the event, however, you reasonably determine in your judgment that having common counsel would present such counsel with a conflict of interest or if the defendants in, or targets of, any such action or proceeding include both you and us, and you reasonably conclude that there may be legal defenses available to you or other indemnified persons that are different from or in addition to those available to us, or if we fail to assume the defense of the action or proceeding or to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to you, in either case in a timely manner, then you may employ separate counsel to represent or defend you in any such action or proceeding, and we shall pay the reasonable fees and disbursements of such counsel; provided, however, that we shall not be required to pay the fees and disbursements of more than one separate counsel (in addition to local counsel) for all indemnified persons in any jurisdiction in any single action or proceeding. In any action or proceeding the defense of which we assume, you shall have the right to participate in such litigation and to retain your own counsel at your own expense. We further agree that we shall not, without your prior written consent, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not you are an actual or potential party to such claim, action, suit or proceeding), unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of you and each other indemnified person hereunder from all liability arising out of such claim, action, suit or proceeding.
Subject to applicable law, we further agree that we shall promptly advance or reimburse you hereunder for all expenses (including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel) as they are incurred by you in connection with investigating, preparing for or defending, or providing evidence in, any pending or threatened action, claim, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification may be sought hereunder, whether or not in connection with pending or threatened litigation in which you are a party, and in enforcing this agreement. You agree to repay any and all of the amounts advanced or reimbursed to you under this agreement if it is finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that you are not entitled under this agreement to indemnification with respect to such expenses.
In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for herein is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable to you in whole or in part, it is agreed that, in such event, the Fund shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, contribute to the payment of your costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, in an amount that is just and equitable in the circumstances, taking into account, among other things, contributions by other trustees and officers of the Fund or others pursuant to indemnification agreements or otherwise; provided that, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such contribution shall not be required where such holding by the court is due to (a) the failure to meet the standard of conduct set forth herein or (b) any limitation on indemnification set forth herein.
In the event of any payment by the Fund under this agreement, the Fund shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of your rights of recovery with respect to any insurance policy, shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Fund to bring suit to enforce such rights in accordance with the terms of such insurance policy. The Fund shall pay or reimburse all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by you in connection with such subrogation.
Our indemnity, reimbursement and other obligations under this letter agreement shall be in addition to any rights that you may have at common law or otherwise and shall be binding on our successors and assigns.
This letter agreement and all disputes arising from or relating to performance under this letter agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware. Each of the parties to this letter agreement hereby submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Delaware in connection with such disputes. If the Operating Agreement is amended or applicable Delaware law changes after adoption of this agreement to expand further the indemnification permitted to trustees or officers, then the Fund shall indemnify you to the fullest extent permitted by the Operating Agreement or applicable Delaware law, as so amended or otherwise changed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnification permitted to trustees or officers shall not exceed the limitations on indemnification under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Signed for and on behalf of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
By: | Thomas P. Majewski |
Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
AGREED AND ACKNOWLEDGED: | |
Name: |
Exhibit (l)
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1095
Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036-6797 +1 212 698 3500 Main +1 212 698 3599 Fax www.dechert.com |
March 2, 2022
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund
600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202
Greenwich, CT 06830
Re: Registration Statement on Form N-2
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Fund”), in connection with the preparation and filing of a Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-261444) as originally filed on December 1, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and as subsequently amended, including on or about the date hereof (the “Registration Statement”) relating to the proposed issuance of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”).
In rendering the opinion expressed below, we have examined and relied on originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, corporate records and other instruments and such agreements, certificates and receipts of public officials, certificates of officers or other representatives of the Fund and others, and such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for rendering this opinion, including the following documents:
(i) | the Registration Statement; |
(ii) | the Certificate of Trust of the Fund; |
(iii) | the Amendment to Certificate of Trust; |
(iv) | the Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of the Fund; |
(v) | the By-Laws of the Fund; |
(vi) | resolutions of the board of trustees of the Fund relating to, among other things, the authorization and issuance of the Shares; and |
(vii) | a Certificate of Good Standing issued by the Delaware Secretary of State. |
As to the facts upon which this opinion is based, we have relied, to the extent we deem proper, upon certificates of public officials and certificates and written statements of officers, trustees, employees and representatives of the Fund.
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Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund March 2, 2022 Page 2 |
In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as original documents and the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies. In addition, we have assumed (i) the legal capacity of natural persons and (ii) the legal power and authority of all persons signing on behalf of the parties to all documents (other than the Fund).
On the basis of the foregoing and subject to the assumptions and qualifications set forth in this letter, we are of the opinion that when the Shares are issued and sold in the manner described in the Registration Statement, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The opinion expressed herein is limited to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and judicial interpretations thereof.
We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to the date of this opinion.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the caption “Legal Counsel” in the Statement of Additional Information forming a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Dechert LLP
Dechert LLP
Exhibit (n)
KPMG LLP
345 Park Avenue
New York, NY
10154-0102
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the use of our report dated March 1, 2022 with respect to the statement of financial condition of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, as of February 18, 2022, and the related notes to statement of financial condition (collectively, the financial statements), included herein and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the statement of additional information.
New York, New York
March 1, 2022
KPMG LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee. |
Exhibit (p)
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
|
Investor Application | |
All Investors Must Complete This Form | |
FORM OF INVESTOR APPLICATION
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (referred to herein as the “Fund” or “EPIIF”)
1. Investment Amount, Investment/Purchase Type and Delivery Instructions
Investment amount $ | ||||||
INVESTMENT TYPE (select one)
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¨ Initial Investment ($2,500 minimum investment amount) | ¨ Additional Purchase ($500 minimum investment amount) | |
ACCOUNT TYPE (select one)
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¨ Brokerage Account | ¨ Advisory Account* | |
¨ Registered Investment Advisor (unaffiliated) |
*Not all B/Ds are eligible. To confirm eligibility for EPIIF, call/email your B/D or EPIIF Call Center | |
¨ Other (discuss with your B/D or EPIIF contact if applicable) |
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DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS (select one)
*Cash, money order, or counter checks, third party checks and traveler’s checks will NOT be accepted.
If a check received from an investor is returned for insufficient funds or otherwise not honored, the Fund, or its agent, may return the check with no attempt to redeposit. In such event, any issuance of the shares or declaration of distributions on shares may be rescinded by the Fund. The Fund may reject any application, in whole or in part, in its sole discretion.
To ensure the fastest possible processing of this Investor Application, all relevant information must be completed. Each application will be accepted or rejected as soon as reasonably possible. However, the Fund has up to 30 days to accept or reject each application from the date the application is received by the Fund’s Processing Agent. Investors will receive a confirmation of their purchase.
Custodial accounts, forward Investor Application to the custodian.
By Mail - Make checks payable to “Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund” or to the custodian of record for qualified plan or brokerage account investments.
¨ | By Wire Transfer: Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Attn: UMB Bank N.A. 928 Grand Boulevard Kansas City, MO 64106 ABA: 101000695 Account Number: 9872585429 Account Name: Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund FBO: (Insert Investor Name) |
¨ | Standard Mail: Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Attn: UMB Fund Services P.O. Box 2175 Milwaukee, WI 53201 Telephone: 866-661-6615 Fax: 816-860-3140 |
¨ | Overnight Mail: Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Attn: UMB Fund Services 235 W. Galena St. Milwaukee, WI 53212 Telephone: 866-661-6615 Fax: 816-860-3140 |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
|
Investor Application | |
All Investors Must Complete This Form | |
2. Form of Ownership (select one)
NON-QUALIFIED ACCOUNT |
QUALIFIED PLAN ACCOUNT |
3. Investor Information
Section A: Individual and Joint Registrations (includes IRA and Minor Accounts)
Investor’s/Minor’s SSN | Date of Birth |
Investor’s/Minor’s Name (first, middle, last) |
Joint Investor’s/Responsible Person SSN | Date of Birth |
Joint Investor’s/Responsible Person Name (first, middle, last) |
Section B: Revocable or Grantor Trust
Tax Identification Number | Date of Trust |
Trust Title |
Trustee |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Eagle Point Institutional
Income Fund Investor Application All Investors Must Complete This Form |
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Social Security Number |
Date of Birth
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Additional Trustee (if applicable)
| |
Social Security Number |
Date of Birth
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Section C: Entity including Statutory Trust ¨
Tax Identification Number
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Entity Name
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Symbol and Exchange: If not publicly traded, please complete the Certification of Beneficial Ownership (request from B/D or EPIIF contact)
PRIMARY ADDRESS (Cannot be a P.O. box)
Street Address | ||||
(You must include a permanent street address even if your mailing address is a P.O. Box) | (city/state) | (ZIP) |
Email Address |
Phone |
OPTIONAL MAILING ADDRESS
P.O. Box | Street Address | |||||
(city/state) | (ZIP) |
CITIZENSHIP (select one)
¨ U.S. Citizen | ¨ Resident Alien | ¨ U.S. Citizen Residing Outside USA | ||||
(country) | (country) |
Name | ||||
Tax ID Number (if applicable)
|
||||
Custodian/Brokerage Acct. Number
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Street Address | ||||
(city/state) | (ZIP) |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
|
Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Investor Application All Investors Must Complete This Form |
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Non-U.S. investors must submit the appropriate IRS Form W-8.
4. Distribution Instructions (select one of the following four options)
¨ | Reinvest in Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
(Refer to the prospectus for terms of the Distribution Reinvestment Plan) | ||
If you participate in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan or make subsequent purchases of shares of the Fund, and you can no longer make the representations or warranties set forth in this section, you are expected to promptly notify your broker dealer, financial advisor or investment advisor in writing of the change and to terminate your participation in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan.
| ||
¨ | Electronic Deposit*: | |
*Attach a voided check or instructions from your financial institution. | ||
(A deposit ticket does not contain the required ACH information) |
¨ Checking | ¨ Savings | ¨ Brokerage Account |
Name of Financial Institution | ||
ABA Routing Number
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Account Number | |
The Fund is authorized to deposit distributions to the checking, savings or brokerage account indicated above. This authority will remain in force until the Fund is notified otherwise in writing. If the Fund erroneously deposits funds into the account, the Fund is authorized to debit the account for an amount not to exceed the amount of the erroneous deposit.
¨ | Mail a check to Investor/Trustee Optional Mailing Address entered in Section 3 | |
(Cash distributions for custodial and brokerage accounts will be sent to the custodian of record) | ||
¨ | Mail a check to Brokerage Account |
Name of Financial Institution | ||
FBO |
Account Number |
U.S. Street Address | ||||
(You must include a permanent U.S. street address even if your mailing address is a P.O. Box) | (city/state) | (ZIP) |
5. Electronic Delivery Form (optional)
By signing below, I (we) confirm that, to the extent possible, I (we) would like to receive stockholder communications electronically (including, but not limited to, proxy materials, annual and quarterly reports, investor communications, account statements, tax forms and other required reports) and consent to stop delivery of the paper versions. I (we) acknowledge that I (we) will not receive paper copies of stockholder communications unless (i) I (we) change or revoke my (our) election at any time by notifying the Fund at the number below, (ii) my (our) consent is terminated by an invalid email address; or (iii) I (we) specifically request a paper copy of a particular stockholder communication, which I (we) have the right to do at any time.
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Investor Application All Investors Must Complete This Form |
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I (we) further agree that by consenting to electronic delivery for one product, the delivery preferences for my other investment products or share classes serviced by UMB Fund Services, Inc. will also be affected and changed to electronic delivery. I (we) have provided a valid email address and if that email address changes, I (we) will send a notice of the new address by contacting Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund’s Call Center. I (we) understand that any changes to my (our) election may take up to 30 days to take effect and that I (we) have the right to request a paper copy of any electronic communication by contacting Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund’s Call Center.
The electronic delivery service is free; however, I (we) may incur certain costs, such as usage charges from an Internet service provider, printing costs, software download costs or other costs associated with access to electronic communications. I (we) understand this electronic delivery program may be changed or discontinued and that the terms of this agreement may be amended at any time. I (we) understand that there are possible risks associated with electronic delivery such as emails not transmitting, links failing to function properly and system failures of online service providers, and that there is no warranty or guarantee given concerning the transmissions of email, the availability of the website, or information on it, other than as required by law.
Signature of Investor/Trustee OR Custodian | Date (mm/dd/yyyy) |
Email Address (please print) | |
Signature of Joint Investor/Trustee OR Custodian | Date (mm/dd/yyyy) |
Email Address (please print) |
6. Important Information Rights, Certifications and Authorizations |
In order to induce the Fund to accept this application, I (we) hereby represent and warrant as follows*:
* | A power of attorney may not be granted to any person to make such representations on behalf of investor(s). Only fiduciaries such as trustees, guardians, conservators, custodians and personal representatives may make such representations on behalf of investor(s). |
Each investor must initial the following representations: | Primary Investor Initials | Co-Investor Initials | |
a) | I/we have received the prospectus (as amended or supplemented) for the Fund at least four business days prior to the date hereof: | ¨ | ¨ |
b) | I (we) acknowledge that shares of this offering are illiquid and appropriate only as a long-term investment: | ¨ | ¨ |
c) | I (we) represent that I am (we are) either purchasing the shares for my (our) own account, or if I am (we are) purchasing shares on behalf of a trust or other entity of which I am (we are) a trustee or authorized agent, I (we) have due authority to execute this investor application and do hereby legally bind the trust or other entity of which I am (we are) trustee or authorized agent: | ¨ | ¨ |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund | |
Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Investor Application All Investors Must Complete This Form |
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Substitute IRS Form W-9 Certification:
Under penalties of perjury, I certify that:
(1) | The number shown on this investor application is my correct taxpayer identification number; and |
(2) | I am not subject to backup withholding because (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am no longer subject to backup withholding, and |
(3) | I am a U.S. citizen or other U.S. person (defined in IRS Form W-9 instructions); and |
(4) | I certify I am not subject to FATCA withholding. |
CERTIFICATION INSTRUCTIONS YOU MUST CROSS OUT CERTIFICATION (2) IF YOU HAVE BEEN NOTIFIED BY THE IRS THAT YOU ARE CURRENTLY SUBJECT TO BACKUP WITHHOLDING BECAUSE YOU HAVE FAILED TO REPORT ALL INTEREST AND DIVIDENDS ON YOUR TAX RETURN.
The IRS does not require your consent to any provision of this document other than the certifications required to avoid backup withholding.
By signing below, you also acknowledge:
• | You should not expect to be able to sell your shares regardless of how we perform. |
• | The Fund may, but is not required to, offer to repurchase a limited number of shares and/or you may be able to sell your shares. In either case it is possible you will receive less than your initial purchase price. |
• | Our shares are not listed on any securities exchange and we do not expect a secondary market in the shares to develop. |
• | You should consider that you may not have access to the money you invest for an indefinite period of time. |
• | Because you will be unable to sell your shares (except pursuant to any periodic Fund repurchases), you may be unable to reduce your exposure in any market downturn. |
• | The Fund may pay distributions from sources other than earnings which may affect future distributions. |
• | The amount of distributions, if any, are uncertain and at the discretion of the Fund’s board of trustees. |
• | An investment in our shares is not suitable for you if you need short-term liquidity. |
• | Our distributions may be funded from unlimited amounts of offering proceeds or borrowings, which may constitute a return of capital and reduce the amount of capital available to us for investment. Any capital returned to stockholders through distributions will be distributed after payment of fees and expenses. |
• | Our distributions to stockholders may be funded in significant part from the reimbursement of certain expenses, including through the waiver of certain investment advisory fees, that will be subject to repayment to our investment adviser. Significant portions of these distributions may not be based on our investment performance and such waivers and reimbursements may not continue in the future. The repayment of any amounts owed will reduce our net investment income, which may result in reduced future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled. |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
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Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Investor Application All Investors Must Complete This Form |
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Each investor must sign: (Custodians must sign on a custodial account)
Signature of Investor/Trustee or Custodian | Date (mm/dd/yyyy) | |
Signature of Joint Investor/Trustee or Custodian | Date (mm/dd/yyyy) |
7. Financial Advisor or Investor Representative Information and Signature
The financial advisor or investor representative (each, an “Investor Representative”) signing below hereby warrants that he/she is duly licensed and may lawfully sell shares in the state designated as the investor’s legal residence or is exempt from such licensing.
Name of Participating Broker/Dealer or Financial Institution |
Name of Financial Advisor(s)/Investor Representative(s) |
Branch ID Rep/Advisor Number/Team ID |
Mailing Address | ||||||
(street) | (city/state) | (ZIP) |
Office Telephone | ||||
Cell Phone |
Fax |
Email Address |
8. Financial Representation
The undersigned confirms by its signature that it (i) has reasonable grounds to believe that the information and representations concerning the investor(s) identified herein are true, correct and complete in all respects; (ii) has verified that the form of ownership selected is accurate and, if other than individual ownership, has verified that the individual executing on behalf of the investor(s) is properly authorized and identified; (iii) has discussed such investors’ prospective purchase of shares with such investor(s); (iv) has advised such investor(s) of all pertinent facts with regard to the liquidity and marketability of the shares; (v) has delivered the prospectus and related amendments and supplements, if any, to such investor(s); (vi) no sale of shares shall be completed until at least five business days after the date the investor(s) receives a copy of the prospectus, as amended or supplemented; and (vii) has reasonable grounds to believe that the purchase of shares is a suitable investment for such investor(s), that such investor(s) meets the Suitability Standards applicable to such investor(s) set forth in the prospectus (as amended or supplemented as of the date hereof), and that such investor is in a financial position to enable such investor to realize the benefits of such an investment and to suffer any loss that may occur with respect thereto. The above-identified entity, acting in its capacity as agent, financial advisor or investor representative, has performed functions required by federal and state securities laws and, as applicable, FINRA rules and regulations, including, but not limited to Know Your Customer, Suitability and PATRIOT Act (AML, Customer Identification) as required by its relationship with the investor(s) identified on this document. By checking the Net of Commission Purchase, Wrap Fee Agreement or Registered Investment Advisor box in Section 1, you affirm that in accordance with the prospectus (i) this investment meets applicable qualifying criteria, and (ii) fees due are reduced or waived as disclosed therein.
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
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Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund Investor Application All Investors Must Complete This Form |
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THIS INVESTOR APPLICATION AND ALL RIGHTS HEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE.
I understand this Investment Application is for the offering of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund.
Signature of Financial Advisor/Investor Representative | Date (mm/dd/yyyy) |
Signature of Broker Dealer / Investor Representative Home Office (If Required) | Date (mm/dd/yyyy) |
Signature of Investor/Trustee or Custodian | Date (mm/dd/yyyy) |
Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund |
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Telephone 1-866-661-6615 • Fax 1-816-860-3140 • Email EPIIF@eaglepointcredit.com | [A-1] |
Exhibit (r)(1)
Rule 17j-1 Code of Ethics
OF EAGLE POINT CREDIT COMPANY INC., eAGLE POINT INCOME COMPANY Inc.
AND EAGLE POINT INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUND
Last Approved: February 2022
In accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“Investment Company Act”), this Code of Ethics (“Code”) has been adopted by the Board of Directors/Trustees (the “Board”) of Eagle Point Credit Company Inc., Eagle Point Income Company Inc., and Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, each a closed-end, externally managed investment companies (together with any successor thereto, the “Companies”).
A separate Code of Ethics that is compliant with both Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, governs Eagle Point Credit Company Inc., Eagle Point Income Company Inc., Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund, and the Companies’ investment adviser (the “Adviser”). Directors/Trustees, officers and employees of the Adviser are considered “access persons” for purposes of the Adviser’s Code of Ethics and may be considered Access Persons of the Companies. This Code contains several carve outs from its requirements for Access Persons of the Companies that are also access persons of the Adviser.
This Code is designed to ensure that those individuals with access to information regarding the portfolio securities activities of the Companies do not intentionally use that information for their personal benefit and to the detriment of the Companies. It is not the intention of this Code to prohibit personal securities activities by Access Persons.
1. | DEFINITIONS |
Capitalized terms used in and not otherwise defined in this Code are defined below.
(A) | “Access Person” includes: |
(1) | Any directors/trustees and officers of the Companies; | |
(2) | Each employee (if any) of the Companies (or of any company in a Control relationship with the Companies) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding, the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Companies, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and | |
(3) | Any natural person in a Control relationship with the Companies who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Companies with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Companies. |
A list of the Company’s Access Persons will be maintained by the Company’s CCO.
(B) | “Automatic Investment Plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule or allocation, including a dividend reinvestment plan. |
(C) | “Beneficial ownership” means any interest in a security for which an Access Person or any member of his or her immediate family sharing the same household can directly or indirectly receive a monetary (“pecuniary”) benefit. The term shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, a person will generally be considered the beneficial owner of a security if that person has the right to enjoy a direct or indirect economic benefit from the ownership of the security. For example, a person is normally regarded as the beneficial owner of securities held in (a) the name of his or her spouse, domestic partner, minor children, or other relatives living in his or her household, (b) a trust, estate, or other account in which he or she has a present or future interest in the income, principal or right to obtain title to the securities, or (c) the name of another person or entity by reason of any contract, understanding, relationship, agreement or other arrangement whereby he or she obtains benefits substantially equivalent to those of ownership. |
(D) | “CCO” means the person or persons designated by the Board to fulfill the responsibilities assigned to the CCO hereunder. |
(E) | “Control” has the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act, which presumes that a person who owns beneficially, either directly or through a controlled company, more than 25% of the voting securities of a company, controls that company. |
(F) | “Covered Security” means any “security” as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act (a broad definition that includes any interest or instrument commonly known as a security),1 but excluding: |
(1) | Direct obligations of the U.S. Government; | |
(2) | Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; and | |
(3) | Shares of open-end investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act (other than exchange traded funds)2 that are not advised by the Adviser. |
A purchase or sale of a Covered Security includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security. Shares of exchange traded funds, whether registered as open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts, are deemed to be Covered Securities.
(G) | “IPO” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. |
(H) | “Investment Personnel” or “Investment Person” of the Companies or the Adviser means: |
(1) | Any employee of the Companies (or of any company in a Control relationship with the Companies) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Companies; or | |
(2) | Any natural person who controls the Companies and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Companies regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Companies. |
(I) | “Limited Offering” means an offering or a private placement of securities that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506 under the Securities Act. |
1 | “Security” as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act includes any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities, or any put, call, straddle, option or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency. “Security” also includes shares of closed-end investment companies, shares of exchange traded funds (as defined in footnote 2), various derivative instruments, limited partnership interests and private placement of common or preferred stocks or debt instruments. |
2 | “Exchange traded funds,” or “ETFs,” are registered investment companies that operate pursuant to an order from the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) exempting the ETF from certain provisions of the Investment Company Act so that the ETF may issue securities that trade in a secondary market, and which are redeemable only in large aggregations called creation units. An ETF registers with the SEC under the Investment Company Act either as an open-end management investment company or as a unit investment trust. |
(I) | “Security Held or to be Acquired by the Company” means (1) any Covered Security or (2) any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Covered Security that, in either case, within the most recent 15 days is or has been held by the Companies or is being considered by the Companies or its Adviser for purchase by the Companies. |
2. | GENERAL PRINCIPLES |
Rule 17j-1(b) makes it unlawful for any affiliated person3 of or principal underwriter for the Companies, or any affiliated person of an investment adviser or principal underwriter for the Companies, in connection with the purchase and sale, directly or indirectly, by such person of a Security Held or to be Acquired by the Companies to:
(A) | Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Companies; |
(B) | Make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Companies or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Companies, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
(C) | Engage in any act, practice or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Companies; or |
(D) | Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Companies. |
No Access Person shall engage in any act, practice or course of conduct that would violate the provisions of Rule 17j-1(b) set forth above. The interests of the Companies and their shareholders and investors are paramount and come before the interests of any Access Person. Personal investing activities of all Access Persons must be conducted in a manner that avoids actual or potential conflicts of interest with the Companies and their shareholders. Access Persons shall not use their positions, or any investment opportunities presented by virtue of such positions, to the detriment of the Companies and its shareholders.
3. | SUBSTANTIVE RESTRICTIONS |
The following substantive restrictions are imposed on personal trading activities:
(A) | Investments in IPOs and Limited Offerings.4 Investment Personnel are generally prohibited from participating in IPOs and Limited Offerings. However, an Investment Person may participate in an IPO or a Limited Offering if he or she obtains written approval from the CCO before directly or indirectly acquiring Beneficial Ownership in any securities in an IPO or Limited Offering. The CCO may approve the participation of an Investment Person in an IPO or Limited Offering if he or she determines that it is clear that, in view of the nature of the security, the nature of the offering, the market for such security, and other factors deemed relevant, such participation by the Investment Person will not create a material conflict with the Companies. A record of any decision to permit investment by an Investment Person in an IPO or Limited Offering, including the reasons for the decision, shall be kept in accordance with the requirements of Section 7(F), below. |
(B) | Disgorgement. Any profits derived from securities transactions in violation of paragraph (A) shall be forfeited and paid to the Companies for the benefit of their respective shareholders. |
3 | An “affiliated person” of a company is broadly defined by Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act to include any person that owns 5% or more of the company’s outstanding voting securities, any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with the company, and any officer, director/trustee, partner or employee of the company. |
4 | Any Investment Personnel of the Company otherwise subject to a code of ethics compliant with Rule 17j-1 adopted by the Adviser or a principal underwriter of the Company need not comply with this provision of this Code. |
4. | REPORTING REQUIREMENTS |
To enable the Companies to determine with reasonable assurance whether the provisions of Rule 17j-1(a) and this Code are being observed by its Access Persons, the following reporting requirements apply, except as noted in Section 4(D) below.
Any report required to be submitted pursuant to this Section 4 may contain a statement that the report will not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the securities to which the report relates.
Reports under this Code shall not relieve any Access Person from responsibility to report other information required to be reported by law or to comply with other applicable requirements of the federal and state securities laws and other laws.
The Companies may require Access Persons to comply with their reporting requirements using an on-line, secure third-party platform.
The Code of Ethics of the Adviser requires disclosure by Access Persons (as defined therein), but no duplicative disclosure is required by this Code.
(A) | Initial Holdings Report. Within 10 days after a person becomes an Access Person, he or she shall disclose in writing, in a form acceptable to the CCO, all direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interests of such Access Person in Covered Securities (“Initial Holdings Report”). Information to be reported must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to an individual becoming an Access Person and is to include: |
(1) | The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership when the person became an Access Person; | |
(2) | The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and | |
(3) | The date the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
(B) | Quarterly Transaction Report. Each Access Person shall report in writing to the CCO within 30 days of the end of each calendar quarter in a form acceptable to the CCO (“Quarterly Transaction Report”): |
(1) | With respect to any transaction during the quarter in a Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership: |
(i) | The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved; | |
(ii) | The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); | |
(iii) | The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected; | |
(iv) | The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and | |
(v) | The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
(2) | With respect to any account established by the Access Person in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person: |
(i) | The name of the broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person established the account; | |
(ii) | The date the account was established; and | |
(iii) | The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
(C) | Annual Holdings Report. Each Access Person shall report annually, no later than January 31 of each year, the following information, which must be current as of December 31 of the prior calendar year (“Annual Holdings Report”): |
(1) | The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; | |
(2) | The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and | |
(3) | The date the report is submitted. |
(D) | Exceptions from Reporting Requirements. |
(1) | A person need not submit reports pursuant to this Section 4 with respect to transactions effected for, and Covered Securities held in, any account over which the person has no direct or indirect influence or control. |
(2) | An Access Person need not make a Quarterly Transaction Report with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan. |
(3) | Any Access Person of the Companies that is also an “access person” of the Adviser or a principal underwriter to the Companies (as that term is defined in Rule 17j-1) need not submit reports pursuant to this Section 4 provided that such person is otherwise subject to a code of ethics compliant with the terms of Rule 17j-1 adopted by the Adviser or the principal underwriter of the Companies, as applicable. |
(4) | An Independent Director/Trustee of the Companies (i.e., a director/trustee who is not an “interested person” of the Companies as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act), and who would be required to make a report solely by reason of being a director/trustee of the Companies, need not make: |
(i) | An Initial Holdings Report or an Annual Holdings Report; and | |
(ii) | A Quarterly Transaction Report unless the director/trustee knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a director/trustee of the Companies, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the director/trustee’s transaction in a Covered Security, the Companies purchased or sold such Covered Security or the Companies considered purchasing or selling the Covered Security. |
(5) | An Access Person need not make a Quarterly Transaction Report if the report would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirmations or account statements received by the Companies with respect to the Access Person provided such broker trade confirmations or account statements are received by the due date required for a Quarterly Transaction Report and broker trade confirmations or account statements contain all of the information required to be included in the Quarterly Transaction Report. |
5. | COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES |
(A) | Notification to Access Persons: The CCO shall notify each Access Person that he or she is subject to this reporting requirement, of his or her classification as “Access Person” and/or “Investment Personnel” under this Code, and shall deliver a copy of this Code to each Access Person. |
(B) | Review of Reports. The CCO (or his designee) shall review any reports received pursuant to this Code within 30 days of their submission. |
6. | REPORT TO THE BOARD |
The Company’s CCO shall report to the Board at each meeting regarding the following matters (to the extent not previously reported to the Board):
(A) | Issues arising under this Code, including but not limited to material violations of this Code, violations that are material in the aggregate, and any sanctions imposed. |
(B) | With respect to any transaction not required to be reported to the Board by the operation of Section 6(A) that the Company’s CCO believes nonetheless may evidence violation of this policy. |
(C) | The Board shall consider reports made hereunder and upon discovering that a violation of this Code has occurred, the Board may impose such sanctions, in addition to any disgorgement required pursuant to Section 3(B) hereof, as they deem appropriate, including, among other things, a letter of sanction, suspension, or termination of the employment of the violator. |
The Companies’ CCO shall report to the Board on an annual basis concerning existing personal investing procedures, violations during the prior year and any recommended changes in existing restrictions or procedures.
The Board shall review this Code and the operation of these policies at least once a year.
7. | RECORDKEEPING |
The Companies shall maintain the following records at its principal office:
(A) | This Code and any related procedures, and any Code that has been in effect during the past five years shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; |
(B) | A record of any violation of the Code and of any action taken as a result of the violation, to be maintained in an easily accessible place for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs; |
(C) | A copy of each report under this Code by (or duplicate brokerage statements and/or confirmations for the account of) an Access Person, to be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place; |
(D) | A record of all persons, currently or within the past five years, who are or were required to make or to review reports made pursuant to Section 4, to be maintained in an easily accessible place; |
(E) | A copy of each report by the Companies CCO to the Board, to be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place; and |
(F) | A record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve an acquisition by an Investment Person of securities offered in an IPO or in a Limited Offering, to be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted. |
8. | APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS |
This Code and any material changes to this Code must be approved by the Companies Board. Each such approval must be based on a determination that this Code contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from engaging in any conduct prohibited by Rule 17j-1. Before approving this Code or any amendment thereto, the Board must receive a certification from the relevant entity that it has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent its Access Persons from violating this Code. Before initially retaining any investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter for the Companies, the Companies’ Board must approve the Code of Ethics of such investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter for the Companies (unless the entity is not required by Rule 17j-1 to adopt a Code of Ethics), and must approve any material change to that Code of Ethics within six months after the adoption of the change. For the avoidance of doubt, the Companies’ officers may make such non-material changes to this Code as they may determine necessary or appropriate, provided that the amended Code shall be reviewed with the Board at the next regularly scheduled meeting.
* * *
Exhibit (r)(2)
EAGLE POINT CREDIT
MANAGEMENT LLC
EAGLE POINT INCOME
MANAGEMENT LLC
Code of Ethics
November 2021
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 3 | ||
General | 3 | ||
To Whom Does the Code of Ethics Apply? | 3 | ||
Standards of Conduct | 3 | ||
Initial and Annual Attestation | 4 | ||
Violations | 4 | ||
Considerations Relating to Eagle Point Credit Company Inc. & Eagle Point Income Company Inc. | 4 | ||
PERSONAL TRADING | 5 | ||
Access Persons | 5 | ||
Background: “Securities”, “Beneficial Ownership” and “Securities Accounts” | 5 | ||
Exempt Securities: Securities Not Subject to Certain Personal Investment Transaction Policies | 6 | ||
Restrictions on Personal Trading Activities | 6 | ||
General Restrictions | 6 | ||
Trading in Eagle Point Credit Company Inc. (“ECC”) and Eagle Point Income Company Inc. (“EPIC”) | 7 | ||
Avoidance of Speculative Transactions | 7 | ||
Pre-clearance Requirement | 7 | ||
General | 7 | ||
Pre-Clearance Procedures | 8 | ||
Reporting of Accounts and Transactions, and Periodic Attestations | 8 | ||
Initial Holdings and Securities Accounts Report | 9 | ||
Regular Securities Transaction and Holdings Reports and New Securities Account Report | 9 | ||
Quarterly Attestations | 9 | ||
Annual Holdings Attestation | 10 | ||
Recordkeeping | 10 |
2
INTRODUCTION
General
In compliance with Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, and in accordance with Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act, Eagle Point Credit Management LLC and Eagle Point Income Management LLC (jointly, “Eagle Point”) have adopted this Code of Ethics in order to establish the standard of conduct expected of all Supervised Persons in light of Eagle Point’s duties to its clients. It also establishes reporting and other requirements for personal securities transactions. The CCO may designate such deputy compliance officers as the CCO may deem necessary or appropriate to fulfill the responsibilities of the CCO under this Code of Ethics.
Capitalized terms not defined in this Code of Ethics shall have the meanings given to them in Eagle Point’s Compliance Manual.
To Whom Does The Code Of Ethics Apply?
This Code of Ethics is intended to guide and facilitate Eagle Point and its “Supervised Persons” in complying with applicable law relating to Eagle Point’s fiduciary duties. Eagle Point treats its Board of Managers, members of its Investment Committee, and employees as “Supervised Persons.” Unless otherwise provided in this Code of Ethics, the policies and procedures contained in this Code of Ethics apply to each Supervised Person. As discussed in the Compliance Manual, the CCO will determine whether an independent contractor or consultant providing services to Eagle Point will be treated as a Supervised Person and/or Access Person (as defined in the Code of Ethics) depending on the role of, and services to be provided by, that person.
When a reference to “you” or “your” is used in this Code of Ethics, it refers to a Supervised Person or Access Person (as described below), as applicable.
Standards Of Conduct
Supervised Persons must act at all times in accordance with Eagle Point’s fiduciary duty. Each Supervised Person should (i) at all times place the interests of the Accounts before his or her own interests, (ii) act with honesty and integrity with respect to Clients, clients and Fund investors, (iii) never take inappropriate advantage of his or her position for his or her personal benefit, (iv) make full and fair disclosure of all material facts, particularly where Eagle Point’s or Supervised Person’s interests may conflict with the those of the Accounts, and (v) have a reasonable, independent basis for his or her investment advice. All Supervised Persons are expected to comply with all applicable federal securities laws. Adherence to this Code, both letter and spirit, is a condition of employment with Eagle Point.
In particular, neither Eagle Point nor Supervised Person, with respect to carrying out his duties at Eagle Point, shall (i) employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud; (ii) make any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; (iii) engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit; or (iv) engage in any manipulative practice with respect.
Although this Code of Ethics sets forth several specific guidelines and procedures, any Supervised Person who has a question about a specific conflict of interest, potential conflict of interest or any other situation, whether it appears in compliance with the letter of the law, this Code of Ethics, the Compliance Manual or the RIC Manual, should consult with Compliance.
All Supervised Persons are expected to be familiar and comply with the laws and regulations applicable to their day-to-day responsibilities, including U.S. federal securities laws and regulations. If a Supervised Person has any question with respect to any such law or regulation, he or she should consult this Code of Ethics, the Compliance Manual, RIC Manual or Compliance.
3
Initial And Annual Attestation
On initial receipt of this Code of Ethics and any amendment hereto, and on an annual basis, Supervised Persons will be required to attest that they have read, understand and complied with this Code of Ethics.
Compliance is responsible for distributing copies of this Code of Ethics, and any amendments hereto, to each Supervised Person.
Violations
Compliance with this Code of Ethics is important and taken seriously by Eagle Point. As such, all Supervised Persons must promptly report any violation (or potential violation) of this Code of Ethics (or any applicable law or regulation) to Compliance as soon as they become aware of such violation. Timely reporting of any violation (or potential violation) is an essential element of Eagle Point’s compliance program.
It is Eagle Point’s policy not to retaliate for good faith reporting of violations of the Code of Ethics. Further, Eagle Point will address all reports and inquiries confidentially to the greatest extent possible under the circumstances.
Sanctions. Failure to exercise good judgement, as well as compliance with the express provisions of the Code of Ethics is taken seriously, and may result in a sanction including a fine, censure, restriction of activities or termination of employment.
Considerations Relating To Eagle Point Credit Company Inc. & Eagle Point Income Company Inc.
As an investment adviser to a registered investment companies, and in accordance with Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act, at least annually, Eagle Point must (i) report material violations of this Code of Ethics (and procedures or sanctions imposed in response to such violations) to the Board of Directors of Eagle Point Credit Company Inc. and Eagle Point Income Company Inc. (the “Board of Directors”), and (ii) certify to the Board of Directors that Eagle Point has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Code of Ethics.
In addition, Eagle Point must notify the Board of any material changes to this Code of Ethics within six months after the adoption of any such material change.
[Personal Trading Policy Follows.]
4
PERSONAL TRADING
Access Persons
Under Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, a Supervised Person is an “Access Person” if he or she fits into one of the following categories:
· | A Supervised Person who has access to non-public information regarding Clients’ purchases or sales of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of ECC or EPIC; |
· | A Supervised Person who is involved in making securities recommendations to Clients; or |
· | A Supervised Person who has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic. |
Eagle Point takes the position that each of its Supervised Persons is an Access Person and therefore the restrictions on personal investment transactions apply to Eagle Point’s Board of Managers, members of the Investment Committee, and Eagle Point’s officers and other employees. The CCO will determine whether an independent contractor or consultant providing services to Eagle Point will be treated as an Access Person depending on the role of, and services to be provided by, that person.
Background: “Securities”, “Beneficial Ownership” And “Securities Accounts”
In order to avoid actual and perceived conflicts of interests with the Accounts relating to personal trading by Access Persons, Eagle Point has adopted a strict personal securities transactions policy. This policy governs (1) any investment in “Securities” in which an Access Person has direct or indirect “beneficial ownership”, except that certain types of Securities are excepted from the reporting requirements of this policy (see “Exempt Securities: Securities not Subject to Certain of the Personal Investment Transaction Policies” below), and (2) each “Securities Account” in which an Access Person has direct or indirect beneficial ownership.
“Securities”. A “security” for this purpose includes any interest or instrument commonly known as a security, including stocks, bonds, options, warrants, financial commodities, futures, other directive products and interests in privately placed offerings, limited partnerships and other entities. This policy also encompasses Initial Public Offerings (“IPOs”).
“Beneficial Ownership”. The concept of “beneficial ownership” is broad and generally means any interest in securities where a person directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise have or share a direct or indirect “pecuniary interest” in such securities. While the definition of “pecuniary interest”, in turn, is complex, an Access Person generally has a pecuniary interest in securities if such Access Person has the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the securities.
Some common examples of indirect beneficial ownership include securities held in an account (even if not in the Access Person’s name) over which an Access Person has direct or indirect influence or control (or shares similar authority)—such accounts typically include those of an Access Person’s immediate family members and those of other persons who share the same household. Such accounts and related transactions are subject to the personal trading section of this Code of Ethics (including the pre-clearance requirements). Because the concept of “beneficial ownership” can be complex, if you have any question about whether or not you have direct or indirect beneficial ownership in a securities account, please consult Compliance.
“Securities Account”. A “Securities Account” for purposes of this policy is any account that holds, or could hold, any type of security reportable under this policy as well as any account that holds, or could hold, Exempt Securities (as defined below) (with the exception of checking and savings accounts that can only hold cash or cash equivalents). Typically, Securities Accounts include brokerage accounts, IRAs, Roth IRAs, trust accounts, college savings 529 accounts, and 401k accounts (and other similar retirement plan accounts).
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Exempt Securities: Securities Not Subject To Certain Personal Investment Transaction Policies1
The following securities and any associated transactions are exempt from certain of the pre-clearance and reporting requirements of this policy (“Exempt Securities”):
· | Direct obligations of the U.S. Government (i.e., U.S. Treasury securities) |
· | Bank certificates of deposit |
· | Bankers’ acceptances |
· | Commercial paper |
· | High quality short-term debt obligations, including repurchase agreements |
· | Shares issued by U.S. money market funds |
· | Shares issued by U.S. open-end registered investment companies (“mutual funds”), other than mutual funds managed by certain affiliates of Eagle Point |
· | Shares issued by U.S. unit investments trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more mutual funds (“unit trusts”), other than mutual funds managed by certain affiliates of Eagle Point |
· | Securities purchased through an automatic investment plan (e.g., a dividend reinvestment plan)2 |
· | Activity in accounts limited to open end investment activity such as 529 plans or certain 401K plans, including the Eagle Point 401K plan. |
Additionally, transactions in exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) are exempt from the pre-clearance requirement of this policy.3
Restrictions On Personal Trading Activities
Your personal Securities transactions must be conducted in such a manner to avoid any actual, potential or perceived conflict of interest or any abuse of your position of trust and responsibility at Eagle Point. Therefore, in addition to the pre-clearance requirements described below, Eagle Point has adopted additional restrictions and guidelines with respect to the personal trading activities of its Access Persons to address and mitigate such potential for conflicts of interest between Eagle Point and its Clients.
General Restrictions
No Access Person may:
· | Purchase any Security for a Securities Account, that Eagle Point intends to purchase on behalf of a Client, other than by investing in a pooled vehicle managed by Eagle Point in accordance with the provisions of this Code of Ethics—in this respect, Eagle Point has a general prohibition against “front-running” client activity; |
1 | Cash (in any currency) is not reportable, which includes crypto currencies held directly. However, crypto currency that is a token/coin or held via a fund which invests in such currencies is considered a security and therefore is subject to the personal trading rules outlined in this policy. |
2 | An “automatic investment plan” is a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a pre-determined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan. While transactions in such securities are excepted from the pre-clearance and the transaction reporting requirements of this policy, the resulting securities held by an Access Person must be reported as part of such person’s annual holdings report. |
3 | For the avoidance of doubt, shares of closed end funds, which may be registered investment companies, are subject to the personal investment transaction policies set forth herein. As such, transactions in such securities must be pre-cleared and reported. |
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· | Enter into a short sale transaction or purchase a put option on any Security of an issuer for which a Client holds a long position; or |
· | Engage in any other act, practice or course of business in connection with the purchase or sale of any Securities which violates any of the U.S. federal securities laws designed to prevent fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative acts (e.g., executing a Securities transaction for a Client Account for the purpose of benefitting the Access Person’s Securities Account). |
Trading in Eagle Point Credit Company Inc. (“ECC”) and Eagle Point Income Company Inc. (“EPIC”)
As detailed in Exhibit J (Insider Trading Policy) of the RIC Manual, Access Persons may generally only trade in securities issued by ECC and EPIC during a designated “window period” and with explicit approval from Compliance prior to trading. Short-selling and margining (borrowing against) securities issued by ECC and EPIC is prohibited.
Significantly, however, even during a “window period,” an Access Person may not engage in transactions involving securities issued by ECC or EPIC if he or she is in possession of material nonpublic information relating to ECC or EPIC on the trade date.
No trades in ECC or EPIC securities including changes to your DRIP election may be undertaken after the end of, or during a suspension of, a “window period” unless otherwise approved by ECC or EPIC’s CCO.
Avoidance of Speculative Transactions
Certain types of transactions, as well as the timing of trading, may raise an inference of the improper use of inside information or otherwise raise concerns regarding potential material conflicts of interest for the firm. In order to avoid even the appearance of impropriety, Eagle Point discourages trades by Access Persons that are of a short-term, speculative nature rather than for investment purposes.
Eagle Point may require an Access Person to reverse the transaction and may require the Access Person to disgorge any resulting profits at the discretion of the CCO.
Pre-clearance Requirement
General
ACCESS PERSONS ARE REQUIRED TO PRE-CLEAR ALL PERSONAL TRADING |
IN SECURITIES (OTHER THAN EXEMPT SECURITIES). |
Pre-clearance requests are currently required to be submitted through ComplianceAlpha or its successor entities or systems (referred to collectively as, “ComplianceAlpha”) with the exception of investments made by an Access Person in a private fund managed by Eagle Point or its direct or indirect subsidiaries.
ComplianceAlpha is Eagle Point’s compliance platform which administers the firm’s personal trading activity. If you have any questions on utilizing ComplianceAlpha for purposes of the pre-clearance and reporting requirements described herein, please contact Compliance.
Restricted Securities List
The CCO (or designee) is responsible for maintaining a confidential list of securities that are restricted from being traded in a Securities Account unless expressly approved by the CCO (or designee) (such securities, “Restricted Securities”). Generally, this is a list of names where Eagle Point personnel (or affiliate personnel– see Shared Space Policy) have accessed private information though a third party deal site, have been wall crossed or otherwise. The CCO (or designee) will update the Restricted Securities List on an ad hoc basis as and when appropriate, and will review such list on a quarterly basis. The Restricted Securities List is maintained within ComplianceAlpha and is kept confidential.
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Pre-Clearance Procedures
General. Except as otherwise expressly noted in this Code of Ethics, Access Persons that wish to trade a Security (other than an Exempt Security) must submit their trading request via ComplianceAlpha and obtain approval prior to commencing a transaction. ComplianceAlpha will respond with an approval, provided that the Security is not subject to restriction. The approval will generally be valid until the date specified in the approval response, which is generally the close of trading the next business day.
In the event a trade is requested with respect to a security on the Restricted List, the request will be escalated to Compliance. The CCO (or designee) will review the exception and provide subsequent approval or denial of the request.
Transactions in Managed Accounts. Transactions in a Securities Account in which an Access Person has direct or indirect beneficial ownership but for which the Access Person has no trading discretion or investment control are not subject to pre-clearance.4 Compliance generally requires Access Persons to submit a representation letter from the financial institution that exercises trading discretion and investment control over the managed account to this effect. It should be noted that the existence of such accounts and their holdings must still be reported to Compliance pursuant to the reporting requirements described in this policy.
Periodically, Compliance will request an Access Person that maintains a managed account to make, or the relevant financial institution to make, an attestation or representation confirming that the initial representations obtained by Eagle Point in respect of the applicable account remain accurate. If there are any changes to the representations or attestations made by the relevant financial institution or the relevant Access Person, the Access Person must promptly report such changes to Compliance and make the corresponding change in ComplianceAlpha.
Private Placements and IPOs. All investments in privately placed securities (e.g., interests in a private fund) or IPOs require the prior approval of the CCO (or designee). All such requests must be submitted via ComplianceAlpha except for direct investments in private funds managed by Eagle Point or its direct or indirect subsidiaries. In the event a trade is requested with respect to a privately placed security or an IPO, the request will be escalated to Compliance. The CCO (or designee) will review the request and approve or deny the request.
With respect to an investment in a private fund managed by Eagle Point or one of its direct or indirect subsidiaries, Access Persons should note that all such investments also require the pre-approval of the CCO (or designee). In such cases, the acceptance of the investment by the applicable private fund, general partner or similar person shall generally evidence the CCO’s approval and the request for such investment need not be submitted via ComplianceAlpha.
Post-Transaction Approval is not Permitted. If Eagle Point determines that an Access Person has completed a trade before obtaining required approval hereunder, or after any approval expires, the Access Person will be deemed to be in violation of policy.
Reporting Of Accounts And Transactions, And Periodic Attestations
Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act requires Access Persons to make certain reports of (1) their personal transactions in Securities and (2) their Securities Accounts (and the holdings therein), each on a periodic basis. While Compliance facilities such reporting via ComplianceAlpha, the obligation to make such report falls squarely on each Access Person. Accordingly, if Eagle Point’s systems are not available to you in connection with the reporting requirements described herein, you are still obligated to make such required reports to Compliance on a timely basis.
4 | However, please note that such accounts are still subject to the restrictions detailed in this policy and the RIC Manual with respect to transactions in securities issued by ECC and EPIC. Managed Accounts are subject to this limitation. |
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Initial Holdings and Securities Accounts Report
A newly designated Access Person is responsible for (1) providing a list of all of his or her Securities Accounts in which he or she has direct or indirect beneficial ownership and (2) generating an initial holdings report listing each Security (other than Exempt Securities) held in such accounts. These reports must be submitted to Compliance. A new Access Person must provide this initial holdings and Securities Account report to Compliance within ten (10) business days of commencing employment or, if later, being designated as an Access Person.
Regular Securities Transaction and Holdings Reports and New Securities Account Report
Generally, Access Persons are required to have the applicable broker send copies of duplicate statements/trade confirmations directly to Eagle Point (or to a third party designated by Eagle Point) for all Securities Accounts that can hold non-Exempt Securities via ComplianceAlpha. Compliance will assist Access Persons in setting up this reporting.
It is important that Access Persons keep their reporting obligations up to date. For example, an Access Person must advise Compliance of any new Securities Account promptly after opening the account and update ComplianceAlpha by reporting the new account and providing the relevant position and transaction reporting.
Quarterly Attestations
Each quarter, Access Persons are required to confirm, among other things, that their Securities Accounts and transactions listed in ComplianceAlpha are accurately reported for the applicable reporting period. These attestations must be submitted regardless of whether an Access Person has engaged in any Securities transactions during the applicable calendar quarter and help ensure the completeness of this information as maintained on the ComplianceAlpha platform.
Quarterly attestations must be completed by the date specified by Compliance, which date shall not be more than 30 calendar days after each calendar quarter end (unless such 30th day is not a business day, in which case such date will be no later than the next succeeding business day).
Accounts. Each Access Person must ensure that all Securities Accounts are reflected in ComplianceAlpha. In the event a Securities Account is not listed in ComplianceAlpha when making an attestation as to the completeness of the list of Securities Accounts listed in ComplianceAlpha, an Access Person may add the account directly within ComplianceAlpha prior to completing the attestation. If an Access Person has terminated or moved a Securities Account, such activity should be reflected in ComplianceAlpha.
On an ongoing basis, it is the responsibility of each Access Person to actively monitor his or her listed Securities Accounts and alert Compliance of any changes thereto.
Transactions. Each Access Person must ensure that securities transactions in Securities Accounts are reflected in ComplianceAlpha (other than those in Exempt Securities). Each Access Person is required to review his or her quarterly transactions in ComplianceAlpha and attest that all such transactions in his or her Securities Accounts are correctly reflected.
In the event a Securities transaction that should be reported is not listed in ComplianceAlpha when making an attestation as to the completeness of the list of transactions listed in ComplianceAlpha, an Access Person has the ability to add the transaction directly within ComplianceAlpha prior to completing the attestation.
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Annual Holdings Attestation
All Access Persons are also required to confirm that all of their Securities holdings listed in ComplianceAlpha are accurately listed and complete as of December 31 of each year. This annual attestation relates to all Securities (other than Exempt Securities) in which an Access Person has direct or indirect beneficial ownership.
Annual attestations must be completed by the date specified by Compliance, which date shall not be more than 45 calendar days after each calendar year end.
In the event a Securities holding that should be reported is not listed in ComplianceAlpha when making an attestation as to the completeness of the list of Securities held by an Access Person as listed in ComplianceAlpha, the Access Person has the ability to add the holding directly within ComplianceAlpha prior to completing the attestation.
Recordkeeping
Compliance is responsible for maintaining required records with respect to Access Person reporting under this Code of Ethics, as well as records with respect to any exceptions under this Code of Ethics. Compliance may utilize ComplianceAlpha (or another third party platform) or its own systems to capture and maintain such records.
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Exhibit (s)(1)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENT, each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Thomas P. Majewski, Kenneth P. Onorio and Nauman S. Malik (with full power to each of them to act alone) as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the registration statement on Form N-2 of Eagle Point Institutional Income Fund (File No. 333-261444), including any and all pre-effective amendments and/or post-effective amendments or supplements thereto, and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory authority, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Signature | Title | |
/s/Thomas P. Majewski | Trustee, Chief Executive Officer | |
Thomas P. Majewski |
(Principal Executive Officer)
| |
/s/Kenneth P. Onorio | Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Chief | |
Kenneth P. Onorio | Operating Officer | |
/s/Scott W. Appleby | Trustee | |
Scott W. Appleby | ||
/s/Kevin F. McDonald | Trustee | |
Kevin F. McDonald | ||
/s/Paul E. Tramontano | Trustee | |
Paul E. Tramontano | ||
/s/Jeffrey L. Weiss | Trustee | |
Jeffrey L. Weiss | ||
/s/James R. Matthews | Trustee | |
James R. Matthews |
Dated: January 25, 2022
Exhibit (s)(2)
EX-FILING FEES
Calculation of Filing Fee Tables
Form
N-2
(Form Type)
Eagle
Point Institutional Income Fund
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Table 1: Newly Registered Securities
Security Type | Security Class Title | Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule | Amount Registered | Proposed Maximum Offering (1) | Maximum Aggregate Offering (1) | Fee Rate | Amount of Registration Fee (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fees to Be Paid | Equity | Common shares of beneficial interest | 457(a) | 93,906,000 shares | $ | 10.64 | $ | 999,000,000 | .0000927 | $ | 92,607.30 | |||||||||||||||||
Fees Previously Paid | Equity | Common shares of beneficial interest | 457(a) | 94,000 shares | $ | 10.64 | $ | 1,000,000 | .0000927 | $ | 92.70 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Offering Amount | $ | 1,000,000,000 | $ | 92,700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total fee to Be Paid | $ | 92,607.30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Fees Previously Paid | $ | 92.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Fee Due | $ | 92,607.30 |
(1) | Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933 solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee. |
(2) | The registrant previously paid $92.70 in connection with the registrant’s registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-261444) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 1, 2021. The registrant paid the remaining $92,607.30 in connection with the filing hereof. |