UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
May 9, 2022
Commission File Number 1-10167
WESTPAC BANKING CORPORATION
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)
275 KENT STREET, SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES 2000, AUSTRALIA
(Address of principal executive office)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports
under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F x Form 40-F ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ¨
Incorporation by Reference
The information contained in Exhibit 1 to this Report on Form 6-K shall be incorporated by reference in the prospectuses relating to the Registrant’s securities contained in the Registrant’s Registration Statements on Form F-3 (File Nos. 333-260702 and 333-260703), as such prospectuses may be amended or supplemented from time to time.
Index to Exhibits
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
1 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 Report |
Disclosure regarding forward-looking statements
The information contained in this Report on Form 6-K contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements are statements about matters that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this Report and include statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations with respect to our business and operations, macro and micro economic and market conditions, results of operations and financial condition.
We use words such as ‘will’, ‘may’, ‘expect’, ‘indicative’, ‘intend’, ‘seek’, ‘would’, ‘should’, ‘could’, ‘continue’, ‘plan’, ‘aim’, ‘probability’, ‘risk’, ‘forecast’, ‘likely’, ‘estimate’, ‘anticipate’, ‘believe’ or other similar words to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are subject to change, certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions which are, in many instances, beyond our control and have been made based upon management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect upon us. There can be no assurance that future developments will be in accordance with our expectations or that the effect of future developments on us will be those anticipated. Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the expectations described in this Report. Factors that may impact on the forward-looking statements made include, but are not limited to, those described in the section entitled ‘Risk factors’ in Westpac’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as the ongoing impact of COVID-19. When relying on forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to us, investors and others should carefully consider such factors and other uncertainties and events. We are under no obligation, and do not intend, to update any forward-looking statements contained in this Report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this Report.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
WESTPAC BANKING CORPORATION | ||
(Registrant) | ||
Date: May 9, 2022 | By: | /s/ Yvette Adiguzel |
Yvette Adiguzel | ||
Tier One Attorney |
Exhibit 1
ASX Release 9 MAY 2022 Pillar 3 Report as at 31 March 2022 Westpac Banking Corporation (“Westpac”) today provides the attached Pillar 3 Report (March 2022). For further information: Hayden Cooper Andrew Bowden Group Head of Media Relations Head of Investor Relations 0402 393 619 0438 284 863 This document has been authorised for release by Tim Hartin, Company Secretary. Level 18, 275 Kent Street Sydney, NSW, 2000 |
Pillar 3 report Table of contents 2 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Structure of Pillar 3 report Executive summary 3 Introduction 6 Risk appetite and risk types 7 Controlling and managing risk 8 Group structure 16 Capital overview 18 Leverage ratio 23 Credit risk management 25 Credit risk exposures 35 Credit risk mitigation 59 Counterparty credit risk 61 Securitisation 64 Market risk 74 Interest rate risk in the banking book 78 Operational risk 80 Equity risk 82 Funding and liquidity risk management 84 Liquidity coverage ratio 85 Net stable funding ratio 86 Appendices Appendix I – Regulatory capital reconciliation 88 Appendix II – Entities included in regulatory consolidation 94 Appendix III – Level 3 entities’ assets and liabilities 97 Appendix IV – Regulatory expected loss 98 Appendix V – APS330 quantitative requirements 99 Glossary 102 Disclosure regarding forward-looking statements 107 In this report references to ‘Westpac’, ‘Westpac Group’, ‘the Group’, ‘we’, ‘us’ and ‘our’ are to Westpac Banking Corporation and its controlled entities (unless the context indicates otherwise). In this report, unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, references to '$', 'AUD' or 'A$' are to Australian dollars. Any discrepancies between totals and sums of components in tables contained in this report are due to rounding. In this report, unless otherwise stated, disclosures reflect the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority’s (APRA) implementation of Basel III. Information contained in or accessible through the websites mentioned in this report does not form part of this report unless we specifically state that it is incorporated by reference and forms part of this report. All references in this report to websites are inactive textual references and are for information only. |
Pillar 3 report Executive summary 4 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Risk Weighted Assets (RWA) $m 31 March 2022 30 September 2021 31 March 2021 Risk weighted assets at Level 2 Credit risk 359,673 357,295 347,127 Market risk 9,596 6,662 9,490 Operational risk 57,875 55,875 54,090 Interest rate risk in the banking book 27,710 11,446 11,998 Other 5,102 5,372 6,194 Total RWA 459,956 436,650 428,899 Total Exposure at Default 1,164,050 1,134,083 1,076,503 Total RWA increased $23.3 billion or 5.3% over the half with most of the increase in non-credit risk RWA. Non-credit risk RWA was $20.9 billion, higher from: • IRRBB RWA increased from $11.4b to $27.7b over the half (up $16.3b or 142%). Westpac currently invests its capital over a 3 year term. Due to the interest rate volatility observed over the half, in particular the more recent significant increases in two and three year market swap rates, the amount of IRRBB RWA has increased, mainly reflecting the valuation differences to capital invested over a one year term; • A $2.9 billion increase in market risk RWA mainly due to the introduction of an industry-wide overlay for updates required to market risk models which require regulatory approval; and • A $2.0 billion increase in operational risk RWA from adopting the standardised measurement approach for calculating operational risk RWA The $2.4 billion increase in credit risk RWA included: • A $5.9 billion increase from specialised lending, residential mortgages and corporate lending; • Modelling, methodology and overlay changes1, which together increased RWA by $0.7 billion partly offset by; • Foreign currency translation impacts which reduced RWA by $1.7 billion mostly from the appreciation of the A$ against the US$ and NZ$; • A $1.4 billion decrease from improved credit quality metrics with lower stressed assets across business lending and specialised lending; and • A decrease in credit RWA associated with derivative exposures (counterparty credit risk and mark-to-market related credit risk) of $1.1 billion. Additional Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital movements for First Half 2022 On 20 December 2021, we redeemed approximately $0.55 billion of Westpac Capital Notes 4 (WCN 4) that remained on issue2, which decreased Tier 1 capital by 12bps. During the half, we issued US$2.25 billion (approximately A$3.2 billion) of Tier 2 capital instruments and redeemed A$0.35 billion and JPY 8,000 billion (approximately A$0.1 billion) of Tier 2 capital instruments. The net impact was to increase the total regulatory capital ratio by 59bps. Exposure at Default Exposure at default increased $30 billion over the half, primarily due to an increase in liquid assets (increased exposure to sovereigns) of $23.2 billion and higher exposures to residential mortgages ($3.7 billion) and specialised lending ($4.1 billion). Leverage Ratio The leverage ratio represents the amount of Tier 1 capital relative to exposure3. At 31 March 2022, Westpac’s leverage ratio was 5.60%, down 39bp since 30 September 2021 due to a decrease in Tier 1 capital and higher on balance sheet exposures. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) Westpac’s average LCR for the quarter ending 31 March 2022 was 137% (31 December 2021: 142%). 1 Modelling changes included updates to model estimates for Australian retail and mortgage PD, credit card LGD and unsecured LGD. The impacts of these changes were partially offset by a reduction in RWA overlays upon implementation of updated model estimates. 2 On 15 September 2021, Westpac issued $1.75 billion of Additional Tier 1 capital (Westpac Capital Notes 8), of which approximately $1.15 billion comprised reinvestment by the holders of WCN 4. The remaining $0.55 billion of WCN 4 were redeemed on 20 December 2021. 3 As defined under Attachment D of APS110: Capital Adequacy. |
Pillar 3 report Executive summary Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 5 Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) Westpac had an NSFR of 125%1 as at 31 March 2022 (31 December 2021: 127%). 1 Calculated as total available stable funding divided by total required stable funding as at end of the quarter. |
Pillar 3 report Introduction 6 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Westpac Banking Corporation is an Authorised Deposit-taking Institution (ADI) subject to regulation by APRA. APRA has accredited Westpac to apply advanced models permitted by the Basel III global capital adequacy regime to the measurement of its regulatory capital requirements. Westpac uses the Advanced Internal Ratings- Based approach (Advanced IRB) for credit risk and the Standardised Measurement Approach (SMA) for operational risk1. In accordance with APS330 Public Disclosure, financial institutions that have received the Advanced IRB accreditation, such as Westpac, are required to disclose prudential information about their risk management practices on a semi-annual basis. A subset of this information must be disclosed quarterly. This report describes Westpac’s risk management practices and presents the prudential assessment of Westpac’s capital adequacy as at 31 March 2022. In addition to this report, the regulatory disclosures section of the Westpac website2 contains the reporting requirements for: ⚫ Capital instruments under Attachment B of APS330; and ⚫ The identification of potential Global-Systemically Important Banks (G-SIB) under Attachment H of APS330 (disclosed annually). Capital instruments disclosures are updated when: ⚫ A new capital instrument is issued that will form part of regulatory capital; or ⚫ A capital instrument is redeemed, converted into CET1 capital, written off, or its terms and conditions are changed. 1 From 1 January 2022, Westpac has adopted the Standardised Measurement Approach (SMA) to Operational Risk Capital as permitted by Prudential Standard APS115 Capital Adequacy: Standardised Measurement Approach to Operational Risk. 2 http://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/investor-centre/financial-information/regulatory-disclosures/ |
Pillar 3 report Risk appetite and risk types Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 7 Westpac’s appetite for risk is informed by our strategic objectives and business plans, regulatory rules and ratios, and the potential for adverse outcomes that result in material impacts on our customers, our staff, our reputation, our regulatory relationships and/or our financial position including the potential for capital and liquidity ratios to fall below target levels in stressed scenarios. Westpac distinguishes between different types of risk and takes an integrated approach toward identifying, assessing, and managing risks. The annual review of Westpac’s Risk Management Framework, which includes the Risk Management Strategy and Board Risk Appetite Statement, together with the establishment and monitoring of key controls through supporting frameworks and policies all play vital roles. Overview of key risk types ⚫ risk culture – the risk that our culture does not promote and reinforce behavioural expectations or structures to identify, understand, discuss and act on risks. This leads to ineffective risk management, poor risk awareness, risk-taking outside of risk appetite that is tolerated and a culture where key learnings are not integrated into Group-wide and customer outcomes, impeding continuous improvement; ⚫ strategic risk – the risk that Westpac makes inappropriate strategic choices, does not implement its strategies successfully, or does not respond effectively to changes in the operating environment; ⚫ capital adequacy risk – the risk that Westpac has an inadequate level or composition of capital to support its normal business activities and to meet its regulatory capital requirements under normal operating environments or stressed conditions; ⚫ funding and liquidity risk – the risk that Westpac cannot meet its payment obligations or that it does not have the appropriate amount, tenor and composition of funding and liquidity to support its assets; ⚫ credit risk – the risk of financial loss, including financial loss due to the impacts of climate change (e.g. physical, transition and litigation risks), where a customer or counterparty fails to meet their financial obligations to Westpac; ⚫ market risk – the risk of an adverse impact on earnings resulting from changes in the value of Westpac’s positions because of a change in financial market factors, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates, commodity prices and equity prices. This includes interest rate risk in the banking book - the risk to interest income from a mismatch between the duration of assets and liabilities that arises in the normal course of business activities; ⚫ operational risk – the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. The definition excludes strategic risk. While legal risk and regulatory risk arise through inadequate or failed processes, people, and systems or from external events, these are reflected primarily in compliance and conduct risk; ⚫ cyber risk – the risk that Westpac or its third parties’ data or technology are inappropriately accessed, manipulated, or damaged from cybersecurity threats or vulnerabilities; ⚫ compliance and conduct risk – the risk of failing to abide by compliance obligations required of us or otherwise failing to have behaviours and practices that deliver suitable, fair, and clear outcomes for our customers and that support market integrity; ⚫ reputational and sustainability risk − the risk that an action, inaction, transaction, investment, or event (including those in relation to Climate change, Environmental, Social, and Governance matters) will reduce trust in Westpac’s integrity and competence by clients, counterparties, investors, regulators, employees, or the public; and ⚫ financial crime risk – the risk that Westpac fails to prevent financial crime and comply with applicable global financial crime regulatory obligations. |
Pillar 3 report Controlling and managing risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 9 Risk management governance structure (continued) From the perspective of specific types of risk, the Board Risk Committee’s role includes: ⚫ credit risk – reviewing and approving material policies and limits supporting the Group Credit Risk Management Framework, approving credit provisioning, and monitoring the risk profile, performance, and management of our credit portfolio; ⚫ funding and liquidity risk – reviewing and approving key policies and limits supporting the Group Liquidity Risk Management Framework, including our annual funding strategy, recovery and resolution plans, liquidity targets and limits, and monitoring the liquidity position and requirements; ⚫ capital adequacy risk – reviewing and approving key policies and limits supporting the Group Capital Adequacy Risk Management Framework, overseeing and approving the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) and monitoring the associated management of this risk; ⚫ market risk – reviewing and approving key policies and limits supporting the Group Market Risk Management Framework, and reviewing and monitoring the market risk performance, exposures, and risk positions; ⚫ operational risk – reviewing and approving key policies supporting the Group Operational Risk Management Framework and monitoring the performance of operational risk management and controls; ⚫ cyber risk – reviewing and approving key policies supporting the Group Cyber Risk Management Framework and monitoring safeguards for assuring information and security; ⚫ risk culture – reviewing and approving the Risk Culture Framework and monitoring the associated measurement and management of this risk; and ⚫ reputational and sustainability risk – reviewing and approving the Group Reputation and Sustainability Risk Management Frameworks and monitoring the associated management of these risks. The Board Risk Committee also: ⚫ oversees and approves the ICAAP and in doing so reviews and recommends the target capital ranges for regulatory capital and reviews and monitors capital levels for consistency with Westpac’s risk appetite; ⚫ reviews, oversees and as appropriate, approves Westpac’s stress testing, including the material scenarios adopted and monitors material stress testing results and management responses; ⚫ provides relevant periodic assurances and reports (as appropriate) to the Board Audit Committee; ⚫ forms a view on Westpac’s risk culture and the extent to which it supports the ability of Westpac to operate consistently within the Group Risk Management Framework and Board Risk Appetite Statement and oversees the identification of, and steps taken to address, any desirable changes to risk culture; ⚫ refers or recommends to the Board and any other Board Committees (as appropriate) any matters that have come to the attention of the Board Risk Committee that are relevant for the Board or the respective Board Committee; and ⚫ in its capacity as the Westpac Group’s US Risk Committee, oversees the key risks, risk management framework and policies of Westpac’s US operations. |
Pillar 3 report Controlling and managing risk 10 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Risk management governance structure (continued) Board Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Committee (BLRCC) To assist the Board Risk Committee as it oversees: ⚫ material legal and regulatory change relevant to Westpac; and ⚫ Westpac’s management of: o material litigation (including class actions) and regulatory investigations; o compliance; o conduct risk; o financial crime risk; o customer remediation activities and customer complaints; and o such other operational risk activities as are delegated to the Board Legal, Regulatory & Compliance Committee by the Board Risk Committee. From the perspective of specific types of risk, the BLRCC role includes: ⚫ financial crime risk – reviewing and approving the Group Financial Crime Risk Management Framework and key supporting policies and standards, including receiving information regarding material breaches of Westpac’s Anti-Bribery and Corruption (ABC) Policy and monitoring Westpac’s financial crime risk performance and controls; and ⚫ compliance and conduct risk - reviewing and approving the Group Compliance and Conduct Risk Management Framework and key supporting policies and standards, and reviewing and monitoring Westpac's risk performance and controls. Board Committees with a Risk Focus Board Audit Committee (BAC) To assist the Board by overseeing the: ⚫ integrity of financial statements and financial reporting systems of Westpac and its related bodies corporate; ⚫ external audit engagement, including the external auditor’s appointment, removal and rotation of the lead audit engagement partner, and the external auditor’s qualifications, performance, independence and fees; ⚫ performance of the internal audit function; and ⚫ integrity of the Group’s corporate reporting including the Group‘s financial reporting. Board Remuneration Committee (BRC) To assist the Board by reviewing and recommending: ⚫ the Group Remuneration Policy and assessing its effectiveness; ⚫ individual remuneration levels of the Non-executive Directors, CEO, Group Executives, and other senior executives; ⚫ remuneration structures for each category of persons covered by the Group Remuneration Policy; ⚫ CEO’s goals and objectives and evaluating the CEO’s performance considering these objectives; ⚫ short and long-term variable reward plans and outcomes and adjustments to variable remuneration for Group Executives and other senior executives; and ⚫ approval of all equity-based plans. Board Technology Committee (BTC) To assist the Board as it oversees: ⚫ the implementation of the Group’s technology and data strategy; and ⚫ the delivery of major technology transformation programs. |
Pillar 3 report Controlling and managing risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 11 Risk management governance structure (continued) Executive Team Westpac Executive Team (ET) ⚫ executes the Board-approved strategy; ⚫ delivers Westpac’s various strategic and performance goals within the approved risk appetite; ⚫ endorsement of climate change and human rights position statements for approval by the Board. All other position statements on sustainability issues are approved by the CEO; and ⚫ monitors key risks within each business unit, capital adequacy, Westpac’s sustainability performance and reputation. Executive risk committees Westpac Group Executive Risk Committee (RISKCO) ⚫ facilitates the management and oversight of material risks by accountable individuals across Westpac within the context of the risk appetite approved by the Board; ⚫ oversees the effectiveness of the Risk Management Framework and the execution of the Risk Management Strategy; ⚫ reviews and monitors risk class risk management frameworks, including the Reputation and Sustainability Framework, and key supporting policies as required, as well as appropriate controls and actions; ⚫ monitors and reviews Westpac’s risk profile for all identified material risks; ⚫ sets, reinforces and promotes expectations on risk culture and values; ⚫ analyses emerging risks and oversees the adequacy of appropriate actions to address these; ⚫ reviews the outcomes of, annual stress testing, material risk models and risk measurement methodologies, including impacts on capital adequacy and the Group’s Recovery Plan; and ⚫ reviews the ICAAP before approval by the Board Risk Committee. Westpac Group Asset & Liability Committee (ALCO) ⚫ facilitates the optimisation of funding and liquidity risk-reward across Westpac; ⚫ reviews the level and quality of capital to ensure that it is commensurate with Westpac’s risk profile, business strategy and risk appetite; ⚫ oversees the Liquidity Risk Management Framework, Capital Adequacy Risk Management Framework and key supporting policies; ⚫ oversees the funding and liquidity risk profile and balance sheet risk profile; and ⚫ identifies emerging funding and liquidity risks and oversees actions to respond as appropriate. Westpac Group Credit Risk Committee (CREDCO) ⚫ reviews and oversees the Credit Risk Management Framework, Credit Risk Management Strategy, Credit Risk Appetite Statement, and key supporting policies; ⚫ oversees Westpac’s credit risk profile; ⚫ oversees the Climate Change Financial Risk Committee, which is chaired by the Group Chief Credit Officer and is responsible for the oversight of climate-related credit risk, including the potential impact on credit exposures from climate change-related transition and physical risks; and ⚫ identifies emerging credit risks, allocates responsibility for assessing impacts, and responds as appropriate. Westpac Group Market Risk Committee (MARCO) ⚫ reviews and oversees the Market Risk Management Framework and key market risk management policies; ⚫ reviews policies and limits for managing traded and non-traded market risk; |
Pillar 3 report Controlling and managing risk 12 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report and ⚫ reviews and oversees Westpac’s market risk, equity risk and insurance risk profile. |
Pillar 3 report Controlling and managing risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 13 Risk management governance structure (continued) Westpac Group Operational Risk, Compliance and Resilience Committee (ORCR) ⚫ facilitates the optimisation of operational, cyber, conduct and compliance risk across Westpac; ⚫ reviews and oversees the Operational Risk Management Framework, the Cyber Risk Management Framework and the Compliance and Conduct Risk Management Framework, and key supporting policies; ⚫ oversees Westpac’s operational risk, cyber risk and conduct and compliance risk profiles; and ⚫ identifies emerging operational, cyber, conduct and compliance risks and appropriate actions to address these. Westpac Group Remuneration Oversight Committee (ROC) ⚫ supporting the CEO, BRC and the Board by reviewing and approving remuneration frameworks, guidelines and short term variable reward plans underpinning the Board-approved Westpac Group Remuneration Policy from a Human Resources, Risk (including Compliance), Finance and Legal perspective and in line with external requirements; ⚫ assisting the BRC and the Board in fulfilling its responsibility to oversee remuneration policies and practices of Westpac in the context that these policies and practices fairly and responsibly reward individuals having regard to customer and shareholder interests, long term financial soundness and prudent risk management; ⚫ recommending to the CEO for recommendation to the BRC remuneration arrangements including remuneration review and remuneration adjustment outcomes for Responsible Persons, risk and financial control employees, Material Risk Takers and other individuals whose activities may impact the financial soundness of Westpac below the Group Executive level; and ⚫ recommending to the CEO for recommendation to the BRC the criteria and rationale for determining the total quantum of Westpac’s variable reward pool. Model Risk Committee ⚫ reviews and oversees the Group Model Risk Policy and key model risk management policies; ⚫ reviews and oversees Westpac’s model risk profile; and ⚫ reviews and oversees design quality and operating effectiveness of material models. Stress Testing Committee ⚫ reviews and oversees the Group Stress Testing Policy; ⚫ reviews and oversees the effectiveness of Westpac’s stress-testing framework; ⚫ oversees the generation and selection of stress testing scenarios; and ⚫ identifies emerging risks with respect to Westpac’s stress testing scenarios and oversees actions to address them. Westpac Group Financial Crime Risk Committee ⚫ oversees Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing, Anti- Bribery and Corruption, Sanctions and Tax Transparency within the context of the risk appetite approved by the Board; ⚫ reviews and oversees the Financial Crime Risk Management Framework, key supporting policies, programs and standards; ⚫ monitors and oversees Westpac’s financial crime risk profile; and ⚫ identifies emerging financial crime risks, and appropriate actions to address these. |
Pillar 3 report Controlling and managing risk 14 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Risk management governance structure (continued) Risk function Risk Function ⚫ promotes a strong risk culture; ⚫ owns the design and content of the Risk Management Framework; ⚫ defines the structure and coverage of risk appetite; ⚫ defines the annual Risk Management Strategy to execute the Risk Management Framework ensuring that the management of risks is in alignment with risk appetite and business strategy; ⚫ establishes risk policies, procedures and limits; ⚫ measures and reports on risk levels; and ⚫ provides oversight of and direction on the management of risks. Independent internal review Group Audit ⚫ reviews the adequacy and effectiveness of management controls over risk. Divisional business units and Functions Business Units and Functions ⚫ responsible for identifying, evaluating and managing the risks that they originate within approved risk appetite and policies; and ⚫ establish and maintain appropriate risk management and compliance controls, resources and self-assessment processes. |
Pillar 3 report Controlling and managing risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 15 Roles and responsibilities We have adopted and continue to embed a Three Lines of Defence model which enables all our people to understand their own role and responsibilities in the active management of risk. The 1st Line of Defence – manages the risks they originate The 1st Line proactively identifies, evaluates, owns, and manages the risks in their business. It also seeks to ensure that business activities are within approved risk appetite and policies. In managing its risk, the 1st Line is required to establish and maintain appropriate governance structures, controls, resources, and self-assessment processes, including issue identification, recording and escalation procedures. The 2nd Line of Defence – provides oversight, insight and control of 1st Line activities The 2nd Line sets frameworks, controls (including policies and limits), and standards for use across the Group and can require remediation or cessation of activity where these are not adhered to. Their approach is risk-based and proportionate to 1st Line activities. The 2nd Line also reviews and challenges 1st Line activities and decisions that may materially affect Westpac’s risk position, and independently evaluates the effectiveness of the 1st Line’s controls, monitoring, compliance and risk management. The 2nd Line provides insight to the 1st Line, assisting in developing, maintaining, and enhancing the Business’ approach to risk management and considers and reports the aggregated risk profile of the Group, providing end- to-end oversight of risk (whilst maintaining appropriate transparency and oversight of disaggregated risks). The 3rd Line of Defence – provides independent, objective assurance Group Audit is Westpac’s internal 3rd Line assurance function that provides the Board and Senior Executives with independent and objective evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of the Group’s governance, risk management and internal controls. |
Pillar 3 report Group Structure Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 17 Subsidiary banking entities Westpac New Zealand Limited (WNZL), a wholly owned subsidiary entity, is a registered bank incorporated in New Zealand and regulated by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ). WNZL uses the Advanced IRB approach for credit risk and the AMA for operational risk. Other subsidiary banking entities in the Group include Westpac Bank PNG-Limited and Westpac Europe Limited. For the purposes of determining Westpac’s capital adequacy subsidiary banking entities are consolidated at Level 2. Restrictions and major impediments on the transfer of funds or regulatory capital within the Group Minimum capital (‘thin capitalisation’) rules Tax legislation in most jurisdictions in which the Group operates prescribes minimum levels of capital that must be retained in that jurisdiction to avoid a portion of the interest costs incurred in the jurisdiction ceasing to be tax deductible. Capital for these purposes includes both contributed capital and non-distributed retained earnings. Westpac seeks to maintain sufficient capital/retained earnings to comply with these rules. Tax costs associated with repatriation Repatriation of retained earnings (and capital) may result in tax being payable in either the jurisdiction from which the repatriation occurs or Australia on receipt of the relevant amounts. This cost would reduce the amount actually repatriated. Intra-group exposure limits Exposures to related entities are managed within the prudential limits prescribed by APRA in APS222 Associations with Related Entities1. Westpac has an internal limit structure and approval process governing credit exposures to related entities. This limit structure and approval process, combined with APRA’s prudential limits, is designed to reduce the potential for unacceptable contagion risk. Prudential regulation of subsidiary entities On 23 March 2021, the RBNZ issued two notices to WNZL under section 95 of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1989 (NZ) requiring WNZL to supply two external reviews to the RBNZ (the Risk Governance Review and the Liquidity Review). These reviews only apply to WNZL and not to Westpac in Australia or its New Zealand branch. The Risk Governance Review related to the effectiveness of WNZL’s risk governance, with a focus on the role played by the WNZL Board. This review was undertaken by Oliver Wyman Limited (Oliver Wyman) and completed in November 2021. WNZL has a programme of work underway to address the issues raised, which is being overseen by the WNZL Board. WNZL has engaged Oliver Wyman to provide independent assurance that WNZL’s remediation has been delivered to an appropriate standard. The Liquidity Review relates to the effectiveness of WNZL’s actions to improve liquidity risk management and the associated risk culture. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu’s final report is due to the RBNZ by 13 May 2022. From 31 March 2021, the RBNZ amended WNZL’s conditions of registration, requiring WNZL to discount the value of its liquid assets by approximately 14% which at 31 March 2022 was NZ$3.1 billion. This overlay will apply until the RBNZ is satisfied that: ⚫ the RBNZ’s concerns regarding liquidity risk controls have been resolved; and ⚫ sufficient progress has been made to address risk culture issues in WNZL’s Treasury and Market and Liquidity Risk functions. 1 For the purposes of APS222, subsidiaries controlled by Westpac, other than subsidiaries that form part of the ELE, represent ‘related entities’. Prudential and internal limits apply to intra-group exposures between the ELE and related entities, both on an individual and aggregate basis. |
Pillar 3 report Leverage ratio Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 23 Leverage ratio The following table summarises Westpac’s leverage ratio. This has been determined using APRA’s definition of the leverage ratio as specified in APS110 Capital Adequacy. $ billion 31 March 2022 31 December 2021 30 September 2021 30 June 2021 Tier 1 Capital 61.7 63.6 64.0 62.2 Total Exposures 1,101.4 1,096.7 1,068.3 1,049.9 Leverage ratio 5.6% 5.8% 6.0% 5.9% Leverage ratio disclosure $m 31 March 2022 On-balance sheet exposures 1 On-balance sheet items (excluding derivatives and securities financing transactions (SFTs), but including collateral) 940,851 2 (Asset amounts deducted in determining Tier 1 capital) (15,932) 3 Total on-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives and SFTs) (sum of rows 1 and 2) 924,919 Derivative exposures 4 Replacement cost associated with all derivatives transactions (i.e. net of eligible cash variation margin) 5,591 5 Add-on amounts for potential future credit exposure (PFCE) associated with all derivatives transactions 16,236 6 199 - 7 (Deductions of receivables assets for cash variation margin provided in derivatives transactions) (6,652) 8 (Exempted central counterparty (CCP) leg of client-cleared trade exposures) - 9 Adjusted effective notional amount of written credit derivatives 1,311 10 (Adjusted effective notional offsets and add-on deductions for written credit derivatives) (1,306) 11 Total derivative exposures (sum of rows 4 to 10) 15,379 SFT exposures 12 Gross SFT assets (with no recognition of netting), after adjusting for sales accounting transactions 40,914 13 (Netted amounts of cash payables and cash receivables of gross SFT assets) - 14 Counterparty credit risk exposure for SFT assets 16,701 15 Agent transaction exposures - 16 Total SFT exposures (sum of rows 12 to 15) 57,615 Other off-balance sheet exposures 17 Off-balance sheet exposure at gross notional amount 214,923 18 (Adjustments for conversion to credit equivalent amounts) (111,444) 19 Other off-balance sheet exposures (sum of rows 17 and 18) 103,479 Capital and total exposures 20 Tier 1 Capital 61,667 21 Total exposures (sum of rows 3, 11, 16 and 19) 1,101,391 Leverage ratio % 22 Leverage ratio 5.60% Gross-up for derivatives collateral provided where deducted from the balance sheet assets pursuant to the Australian Accounting Standards |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk management Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 25 Credit risk is the potential for financial loss where a customer or counterparty fails to meet their financial obligations to Westpac. Westpac maintains a credit risk management framework and a number of supporting policies, processes and controls governing the assessment, approval and management of customer and counterparty credit risk. These incorporate the assignment of risk grades, the quantification of loss estimates in the event of default, and the segmentation of credit exposures. Structure and organisation The Chief Risk Officer (CRO) is responsible for the effectiveness of overall risk management throughout Westpac, including credit risk. The Group Chief Credit Officer is responsible for the effectiveness of credit risk management, including credit approval decisioning beyond business authority level and appointing our most senior authorised credit officers. Authorised credit officers have delegated authority to approve credit risk exposures, including customer risk grades, other credit parameters and their ongoing review. Our largest exposures are approved by our most experienced authorised credit officers jointly with the most senior business managers. Line business management is responsible for managing credit risks originated in their business and for managing risk adjusted returns from their business credit portfolios, within the approved risk appetite, risk management framework and policies. Credit risk management framework and policies Westpac maintains a credit risk management framework and supporting policies that are designed to clearly define roles and responsibilities, acceptable practices, limits and key controls. The Credit Risk Management Framework describes the principles, methodologies, systems, roles and responsibilities, reports and controls that exist for managing credit risk in Westpac. The Credit Risk Rating System policy describes the credit risk rating system philosophy, design, key features and uses of rating outcomes. Concentration risk policies cover individual counterparties, specific industries (e.g., property) and individual countries. In addition, we have policies covering risk appetite statements, environmental, social and governance (ESG) risk, credit risks and the delegation of credit approval authorities. At the divisional level, credit manuals embed the Group’s framework requirements for application in line businesses. These manuals include policies covering the origination, evaluation, approval, documentation, settlement and on-going management of credit risks, and sector policies to guide the extension of credit where industry-specific guidelines are considered necessary. Credit approval limits govern the extension of credit and represent the formal delegation of credit approval authority to responsible individuals throughout the organisation. |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk management Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 27 Mapping of Basel categories to Westpac portfolios APS113 Capital Adequacy: Internal Ratings-Based Approach to Credit Risk, states that under the Advanced IRB approach to credit risk, an ADI must categorise banking book exposures into six broad IRB asset classes and apply the prescribed treatment for those classes to each credit exposure within them for the purposes of deriving its regulatory capital requirement. Standardised and Securitised portfolios are subject to treatment under APS112 Capital Adequacy: Standardised Approach to Credit Risk and APS120 Securitisation respectively. APS Asset Class Sub-asset class Westpac category Segmentation criteria Corporate Corporate Corporate All transaction-managed customers not elsewhere classified where annual turnover exceeds $50 million1. SME Corporate Business Lending All transaction-managed customers not elsewhere classified where annual turnover is $50 million or less. Project Finance (including Object Finance) Specialised Lending- Project Finance Applied to transaction-managed customers where the primary source of debt service, security and repayment is derived from the revenue generated by a completed project (e.g. infrastructure such as toll roads or railways). Income- producing Real Estate Specialised Lending- Property Finance Applied to transaction-managed customers where the primary source of debt service, security and repayment is derived from either the sale of a property development or income produced by one or more investment properties2. Sovereign Sovereign Applied to transaction-managed exposures backed by governments. Bank Bank Applied to transaction-managed exposures to deposit-taking institutions and foreign equivalents. Residential Mortgages Residential Mortgages Exposures secured by residential mortgages not elsewhere classified. Qualifying Revolving Retail Australian Credit Cards Program-managed credit cards with low volatility in loss rates. The New Zealand cards portfolio is not eligible for Qualifying Revolving Retail treatment and is classified in Other Retail. Other Retail Small Business Program-managed business lending exposures under $1 million where complex products are not utilised by the customer. Other Retail All other program-managed lending to retail customers, including New Zealand credit cards. 1 Includes all NZ agribusiness loans, regardless of turnover. 2 Excludes large diversified property groups and property trusts, which appear in the Corporate asset class. |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk management 28 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Mapping of Credit risk approach to Basel categories and exposure types Approach APS asset class Types of exposures Transaction-Managed Portfolios Corporate Sovereign Bank Direct lending Contingent lending Derivative counterparty Asset warehousing Underwriting Secondary market trading Foreign exchange settlement Other intra-day settlement obligations Program-Managed Portfolios Residential mortgage Mortgages Equity access loans Qualifying revolving retail Australian credit cards Other retail Personal loans Overdrafts New Zealand credit cards Auto and equipment finance Business development loans Business overdrafts Other term products Internal ratings process for transaction-managed portfolios The process for assigning and approving individual customer PDs and facility LGDs involves: ⚫ Business unit representatives recommend the CRG and facility LGDs under the guidance of criteria set out in established credit policies. Each CRG is associated with an estimated PD; ⚫ Authorised credit officers evaluate the recommendations and approve the final CRG and facility LGDs. Authorised credit officers may override line business unit recommendations; ⚫ An expert judgement decisioning process is employed to evaluate CRG and the outputs of various risk grading models are used as one of several inputs into that process; and ⚫ Authorised credit officers’ decisions are subject to reviews to ensure consistent quality and confirm compliance with approval authority. For on-going exposures to transaction-managed customers, risk grades and facility LGDs are required to be reviewed at least annually, but also whenever material changes occur. No material deviations from the reference definition of default are permitted. Internal ratings process for program-managed portfolios The process for assigning PDs, LGDs and EADs to the program-managed portfolio involves dividing the portfolio into a number of pools per product. These pools are created by analysing risk characteristics that have historically predicted that an account is likely to go into default or loss. No material deviations from the reference definition of default are permitted. Internal credit risk ratings system In addition to using the credit risk estimates as the basis for regulatory capital purposes, they are also used for the purposes described below: Economic capital - Economic capital includes both credit and non-credit components. Economic credit capital is calculated using a framework that considers estimates of PD, LGD, EAD, total committed exposure and loan tenor, as well as measures of portfolio composition not reflected in regulatory capital formulae. Provisioning - Credit provisions are held by Westpac to cover expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. Provisioning includes both individual and collective components. Individual provisions are calculated on impaired loans taking into account management’s best estimate of the present value of future cashflows. |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk management Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 29 Collective provisions are established on a portfolio basis using a framework that considers PD, LGD, EAD, total committed exposure, level of arrears, recent past experience and forward looking macro-economic forecasts. Risk-adjusted performance measurement - Business performance is measured using allocated capital, which incorporates charges for economic capital and regulatory capital, including credit capital and capital for other risk types. Pricing - Westpac prices loans to produce an acceptable return on the capital allocated to the loan. Returns include interest income and fees after expected credit losses and other costs. Credit approval - For transaction-managed facilities, approval authorities are tiered based on the CRG, with lower limits applicable for customers with a higher PD. Program-managed facilities are approved on the basis of application scorecard outcomes and product based approval authorities. Control mechanisms for the credit risk rating system include: ⚫ Westpac’s credit risk rating system is reviewed annually to confirm that the rating criteria and procedures are appropriate given the current portfolio and external conditions; ⚫ All models materially impacting the risk rating process are periodically reviewed in accordance with Westpac’s model risk policy; ⚫ Specific credit risk estimates (including PD, LGD and EAD levels) are overseen, reviewed annually and supported by the Credit Risk Estimates Committee (a sub-committee of CREDCO) for approval by General Manager, Enterprise Risk; ⚫ Credit Risk Assurance undertake an independent annual end-to-end technical and operational review of the overall process; and ⚫ CREDCO, RISKCO and BRiskC monitor the risk profile, performance and management of Westpac’s credit portfolio and the development and review of key credit risk policies. Risk reporting A comprehensive report on Westpac's credit risk portfolio is provided to CREDCO, RISKCO and BRiskC quarterly. It details the current level of impairment losses, stressed exposures, delinquency trends, provisions, impaired assets and key performance metrics. It also reports on portfolio concentrations and large exposures. Credit risk and asset quality are also reported to the Board, including details of impairment losses, stressed exposures, delinquency trends and key performance metrics. Response to COVID-19 Westpac remains focused on supporting customers, including continuing to extend the Australian Government SME Recovery Loan Scheme (SMERLS). SMERLS provides eligible companies assistance with dealing with the economic impacts of COVID-19, and may be regarded as eligible guarantees by the government for risk weighting purposes. The Australian Government announced on 13 December 2021 to expand the SMERLS under varied terms to provide support to SMEs, and to extend the scheme to 30 June 2022. Westpac has confirmed to the Australian Government Federal Treasury our participation in the scheme. Westpac’s COVID-19 customer support packages in response to the COVID-19 pandemic concluded in December 2021. |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk management Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 31 Loan impairment provisions Expected credit losses (ECL) are estimates of the cashflow shortfalls expected to result from defaults over the relevant timeframe. They are determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and taking into account the time value of money, past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. Westpac calculates provisions for ECL based on a three-stage approach: ⚫ Stage 1: 12 months ECL (performing) - For financial assets where there has been no significant increase in credit risk since origination, a provision for 12-month ECL is recognised. ⚫ Stage 2: Lifetime ECL (performing) - For financial assets where there has been a significant increase in credit risk since origination and where the asset is still performing, a provision for lifetime ECL is recognised. Determining when a financial asset has experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination is a critical accounting judgement. The determination of a significant increase in risk is driven by the change in the probability of default (PD) since origination. In determining whether a change in PD represents a significant increase in risk, relative changes in PD and absolute PD thresholds are both considered based on the portfolio of the exposure. ⚫ Stage 3: Lifetime ECL (non-performing) - For financial assets that are non-performing a provision for lifetime ECL is recognised. Indicators include a breach of contract with Westpac such as a default on interest or principal payments, a borrower experiencing significant financial difficulties. Collective and individual assessment - Financial assets that are in Stages 1 and 2 are assessed on a collective basis as are financial assets in Stage 3 below specified exposure thresholds. Those financial assets in Stage 3 above the specified exposure thresholds are assessed on an individual basis. Expected life - Lifetime ECL represents the expected credit losses that result from default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. In considering lifetime ECL, the remaining contractual life is used for non- retail portfolios. For retail portfolios lifetime ECL is calibrated to historically observed portfolio behaviour. Forward looking information - The measurement of ECL for each stage and the assessment of significant increase in credit risk considers information about past events and current conditions as well as reasonable and supportable projections of future events and economic conditions. In order to capture the asymmetry of the losses expected over the range of plausible future events and economic conditions, Westpac considers three future macroeconomic scenarios i.e. base, upside and downside scenarios. The macroeconomic variables used in these scenarios, include (but are not limited to) employment to population ratio, real gross domestic product growth rates and residential and commercial property price indices. The ECL is a weighted average of the credit losses expected under these three scenarios. The scenario weights are based on Westpac’s assessment of upside and downside risks taking into account current trends, forward looking conditions and the degree of uncertainty attached to these projections. Regulatory classification of loan impairment provisions All IAPs raised under Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) are classified as specific provisions in accordance with APS 220 Credit Risk Management. All Collectively Assessed Provisions (CAPs) raised under AAS are either classified into specific provisions or a General Reserve for Credit Loss (GRCL). |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk management 32 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Expected credit loss provision 1 31 March 2022 Total Regulatory $m IAPs CAPs Provisions Specific Provisions for impaired loans 501 293 794 for defaulted but not impaired loans - 696 696 For Stage 2 - 1,914 1,914 Total Specific Provision1 501 2,903 3,404 General Reserve for Credit Loss1 - 1,278 1,278 Total provisions for ECL 501 4,181 4,682 30 September 2021 Total Regulatory $m IAPs CAPs Provisions Specific Provisions for impaired loans 832 334 1,166 for defaulted but not impaired loans - 806 806 For Stage 2 - 1,877 1,877 Total Specific Provision1 832 3,017 3,849 General Reserve for Credit Loss1 - 1,158 1,158 Total provisions for ECL 832 4,175 5,007 31 March 2021 Total Regulatory $m IAPs CAPs Provisions Specific Provisions for impaired loans 564 410 974 for defaulted but not impaired loans NA 918 918 For Stage 2 NA 2,051 2,051 Total Specific Provision1 564 3,379 3,943 General Reserve for Credit Loss1 NA 1,565 1,565 Total provisions for ECL 564 4,944 5,508 A-IFRS Provisions A-IFRS Provisions A-IFRS Provisions 1 Provisions classified according to APRA’s letter dated 4 July 2017 “Provisions for regulatory purposes and AASB 9 financial instruments”. |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk exposures 36 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Exposure at Default by measurement method 31 March 2022 IRB Standardised Total Exposure $m Approach Approach at Default Corporate 130,511 5,063 135,574 Business lending 53,364 672 54,036 Sovereign 199,457 1,393 200,850 Bank 21,257 105 21,362 Residential mortgages 585,810 4,885 590,695 Australian credit cards 15,193 - 15,193 Other retail 10,312 1,783 12,095 Small business 29,653 - 29,653 Specialised lending 70,851 375 71,226 Securitisation 33,366 - 33,366 Total 1,149,774 14,276 1,164,050 30 September 2021 IRB Standardised Total Exposure $m Approach Approach at Default Corporate 130,245 6,839 137,084 Business lending 52,420 685 53,105 Sovereign 176,238 1,312 177,550 Bank 21,283 144 21,427 Residential mortgages 582,136 5,516 587,652 Australian credit cards 15,394 - 15,394 Other retail 11,518 1,815 13,333 Small business 30,877 - 30,877 Specialised lending 66,732 368 67,100 Securitisation 30,561 - 30,561 Total 1,117,404 16,679 1,134,083 31 March 2021 IRB Standardised Total Exposure $m Approach Approach at Default Corporate 124,567 5,113 129,680 Business lending 53,052 766 53,818 Sovereign 143,237 1,081 144,318 Bank 23,404 140 23,544 Residential mortgages 562,798 6,006 568,804 Australian credit cards 16,459 - 16,459 Other retail 12,579 1,812 14,391 Small business 31,941 - 31,941 Specialised lending 64,867 382 65,249 Securitisation 28,299 - 28,299 Total 1,061,203 15,300 1,076,503 |
Pillar 3 report Credit risk mitigation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 59 This section describes the way in which Westpac reduces its credit risk by using financial collateral, guarantees or credit derivatives for the Corporate, Sovereign and Bank asset classes. Approach Westpac recognises credit risk mitigation only when formal legal documentation is held that establishes Westpac’s direct, irrevocable and unconditional recourse to the collateral or to an unrelated credit risk mitigation provider. Minimum standards for recognising credit risk mitigation are set out in Westpac's credit rules and policies. All proposals for recognising risk mitigation require approval by an authorised credit officer. Authorised credit officer approval is also required for existing risk mitigation to be discontinued or withdrawn. The amount of credit risk mitigation recognised is the face value of the mitigation instrument, adjusted by the application of discounts for any maturity and/or currency mismatch with the underlying obligation, so that a discounted amount is recognised when calculating the residual exposure after mitigation. For regulatory capital purposes: ⚫ exposures secured by eligible financial collateral, either cash or certain government or semi-government securities, or where protection is bought via credit linked notes, provided proceeds are invested in eligible financial collateral, are included at the gross value, with risk weighted assets for the portion thus secured calculated by applying a 5% LGD1; ⚫ exposures mitigated by eligible guarantees, standby letters of credit or similar instruments, where Westpac has direct recourse to an unrelated third party, or credit protection bought via credit default swaps where Westpac is entitled to recover either full principal or credit losses on occurrence of defined credit events, are treated under double default rules where the protection provider is rated A-/A3 or better. The Group Chief Credit Officer has the authority to approve exceptions to the A-/A3 minimum; and ⚫ exposures mitigated by guarantees, letters of credit, credit default swaps or similar instruments, which are not eligible for double default treatment are treated under the substitution approach. When Westpac uses credit risk mitigation techniques to reduce counterparty exposure, limits are applied to both gross (i.e. pre-mitigation) and net exposure. Furthermore, exposure is recorded against the provider of any credit risk mitigation and a limit framework prevents excessive concentration to such counterparties. Netting Risk reduction by way of current account set-offs is recognised for exposures to creditworthy customers domiciled in Australia and New Zealand only. Customers are required to enter into formal agreements giving Westpac the unfettered right to set-off gross credit and debit balances in their nominated accounts to determine Westpac’s net exposure within each of these two jurisdictions. Cross-border set-offs are not permitted. Close-out netting is undertaken for off-balance sheet financial market transactions with counterparties with whom Westpac has entered into master netting agreements which allow such netting in specified jurisdictions. Close-out netting effectively aggregates pre-settlement risk exposure at time of default, thus reducing overall exposure. Collateral valuation and management Westpac revalues financial markets and associated collateral positions on a daily basis to monitor the net risk position, and has formal processes in place so that calls for collateral top-up or exposure reduction are made promptly. An independent operational unit has responsibility for monitoring these positions. The collateralisation arrangements are documented via the Credit Support Annex of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master agreement for derivatives transactions and Global Master Repurchase Agreement (GMRA) for repurchase transactions and Clearing Agreements for cleared trades. 1 Excludes collateralised derivative transactions. |
Pillar 3 report Counterparty credit risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 61 This section describes Westpac’s exposure to credit risk arising from derivative and treasury products. Approach Westpac actively assesses and manages the derivative and treasury credit risk (known collectively as counterparty credit risk) arising from its derivatives business. Westpac’s process for managing counterparty credit risk is based on its assessment of the potential future credit risk Westpac is exposed to when dealing in derivatives products and securities financing transactions. Westpac quantifies this risk through a daily simulation of future market price and rate shocks and converts the effect of these shocks on the mark-to-market value of Westpac’s positions to a credit exposure using Westpac’s Derivative Risk Equivalent (DRE) methodology. Exposures are loaded into Westpac’s credit limit management system where they are checked against pre-settlement risk limits that are set at the counterparty level. Limit excesses are reported to credit managers and actioned within strict timeframes. Structure and organisation The Financial Markets Credit management team is charged with managing the counterparty credit exposure arising from derivatives and treasury products. Market related credit risk There are two components to the regulatory capital requirements for credit risk arising from derivative products: ⚫ capital to absorb losses arising from the default of derivative counterparties; and ⚫ capital to absorb losses arising from mark-to-market valuation movements resulting from changes in the credit quality of derivative counterparties. These valuation movements are referred to as credit valuation adjustments (CVA) and this risk is sometimes labelled as CVA risk. Westpac refers to this requirement as mark-to-market related credit risk. Risk mitigation Mitigation is achieved in a number of ways: ⚫ the limit system monitors for excesses of the pre-defined limits, with any excesses being notified to authorised credit officers; ⚫ Westpac has netting agreements with counterparties to allow the exposure across a portfolio of trades with the same counterparty to be netted; ⚫ Westpac has collateral agreements with its largest counterparties. The market value of the counterparty’s portfolio is used to recalculate the credit position at each end of day, with collateral being called for when certain pre-set limits are met or exceeded. Westpac exchanges Initial Margin with eligible counterparties for eligible products as protection against potential future exposure to changes in market value; ⚫ Westpac has initial margin agreements with qualifying counterparties subject to relevant international regulations. The exchange of initial margin for eligible products covers the potential future exposure that could arise from changes in the market value of derivative transactions over the close-out period in the event of a counterparty default; ⚫ credit derivatives are used to mitigate credit exposure against certain counterparties; and ⚫ regular marking to market and settling of the foreign exchange components of foreign exchange reset contracts. Counterparty derivative exposures and limits The risk management methodology for counterparty derivatives exposures is similar to the credit methodology for transaction-managed loans. The main difference is in the estimation of the exposure for derivatives which is based on the DRE methodology. DRE is a credit exposure measure for derivative trades which is calibrated to a ‘loan- equivalent’ exposure. Counterparty credit limits are approved on an uncommitted and unadvised basis by authorised credit officers. This follows an evaluation of each counterparty’s credit worthiness and establishing an agreed credit risk appetite for the nature and extent of prospective business. |
Pillar 3 report Counterparty credit risk 62 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Wrong-way risk exposures Westpac defines wrong-way risk as exposure to a counterparty which is adversely correlated with the credit quality of that counterparty. With respect to credit derivatives, wrong-way risk refers to credit protection purchased from a counterparty highly correlated to the reference obligation. Wrong-way risk exposures using credit derivatives are controlled by only buying protection from highly rated counterparties. These transactions are assessed by an authorised credit officer who has the right to decline any transaction where they feel there is an unacceptably high correlation between the ability to perform under the trade and the performance of the underlying counterparty. Consequences of a downgrade in Westpac’s credit rating A downgrade in Westpac’s credit rating can have an impact on Westpac’s collateral agreements. Where an outright threshold and minimum transfer amount are agreed, there will not be any impact on the amount of collateral posted by Westpac in the event of a credit rating downgrade. Where the threshold and minimum transfer amount are tiered according to credit rating, the impact of Westpac being downgraded below its current credit rating would be: for a one notch downgrade, postings of $22 million; while for a two notch downgrade, postings would be $61 million1. Counterparty credit risk summary 31 March 30 September 31 March $m 2022 2021 2021 Gross positive fair value 19,124 20,563 23,141 Netting and collateral benefits (13,138) (13,043) (14,978) including cash collateral held 5,170 861 875 Replacement cost 5,986 7,520 8,163 Potential future exposure 10,824 9,930 9,853 Impact of scaling factor of 1.4 and incurred credit value adjustment 6,566 6,863 7,036 Net derivatives credit exposure under SA-CCR 23,376 24,313 25,052 Exposure type Interest rate contracts 5,805 8,940 8,930 Foreign exchange contracts 16,639 14,495 15,590 Equity contracts - 1 5 Credit derivatives 20 7 5 Commodity contracts 912 870 521 Other --- Total 23,376 24,313 25,052 Credit derivative transactions that create exposures to counterparty credit risk 31 March 2022 Intermediation activities Credit derivatives products used ($m) Bought Sold Bought Sold Credit Default Swaps 2 19 -- Total Return Swaps ---- Credit options ---- Credit linked notes ---- Collateralised Loan Obligations ---- Other ---- Total 2 19 -- 30 September 2021 Intermediation activities Credit derivatives products used ($m) Bought Sold Bought Sold Credit Default Swaps - 7 -- Total Return Swaps ---- Credit options ---- Credit linked notes ---- Collateralised Loan Obligations ---- Other ---- Total - 7 -- Westpac Portfolio Westpac Portfolio 1 Credit rating downgrade postings are cumulative. |
Pillar 3 report Counterparty credit risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 63 31 March 2021 Westpac Portfolio Intermediation activities Credit derivatives products used ($m) Bought Sold Bought Sold Credit Default Swaps - 5 -- Total Return Swaps ---- Credit options ---- Credit linked notes ---- Collateralised Loan Obligations ---- Other ---- Total - 5 -- |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation 64 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report A securitisation is a financial structure where the cash flow from a pool of assets is used to service obligations to at least two different tranches or classes of creditors (typically holders of debt securities), with each class or tranche reflecting a different degree of credit risk (i.e. one class of creditors is entitled to receive payments from the pool before another class of creditors). Securitisation transactions are generally grouped into two broad categories: ⚫ traditional or true sale securitisations, which involve the transfer of ownership of the underlying asset pool to a third party; and ⚫ synthetic transactions, where the ownership of the underlying asset pool remains with the originator and only the credit risk of the pool is transferred to a third party, using credit derivatives or guarantees. Covered bond transactions, in which bonds issued by Westpac are guaranteed by assets held in a special purpose vehicle, are not considered to be securitisation transactions. Approach Westpac’s involvement in securitisation activities ranges from a seller of its own assets to an investor in third-party transactions and includes the arranging of transactions, the provision of securitisation services and the provision of funding for clients, including clients requiring access to capital markets. Securitisation of Westpac originated assets - Securitisation is used by Westpac as a funding and liquidity management tool, and may also be used as a capital management tool. It allows Westpac the ability to liquefy a pool of assets and increase Westpac’s wholesale funding capacity. Westpac may provide arm’s length facilities and services to the securitisation vehicles. These typically include the provision of liquidity, redraw facilities and derivative contracts. Westpac has entered into self securitisation transactions for funding and liquidity purposes. These are the same as traditional securitisations, except that Westpac is the holder of all classes of notes issued. The senior notes qualify as eligible collateral with the RBA, and are pledged against the Term Funding Facility provided by the RBA and may also be used to pledge against the Committed Liquidity Facility and meet APRA’s contingent liquidity requirements1. These ‘self securitisations’ do not change risk weighted assets2. No securitisation transactions for Westpac originated assets are classified as a resecuritisation. Securitisation in the management of Westpac’s credit portfolio - Westpac uses securitisation, including portfolio credit default swaps, to manage its corporate and institutional loan and counterparty credit risk portfolios. Single name credit default swaps are not treated as securitisations but as credit risk mitigation facilities. Transactions are entered into to manage counterparty credit risk or concentration risks. Westpac also invests in securitisation exposures. Provision of securitisation services, including funding and arranging asset backed bond issues – Westpac provides services to clients wishing to access asset-backed financing through securitisation. Those services include the provision of warehouse and term funding of securitised assets and arranging asset backed bond issues. Securitisation facilities provided by Westpac include resecuritisation exposures which are securitisation exposures in which the risk associated with an underlying pool of exposures is tranched and at least one of the underlying exposures is itself a securitisation exposure. Westpac also buys and sells securitisation exposures in the secondary market to facilitate portfolio management activity by its institutional customers who hold asset backed bonds. Westpac’s role in the securitisation process Securitisation activity Role played by Westpac Securitisation of Westpac originated assets ⚫ Arranger ⚫ Asset originator ⚫ Bond distributor ⚫ Facility provider ⚫ Note holder ⚫ Trust manager ⚫ Swap provider ⚫ Servicer Securitisation in the management of Westpac’s credit portfolio ⚫ Hedger - protection purchaser ⚫ Investor - protection seller ⚫ Investor - purchaser of securitisation exposures 1 APS210 updated contingent liquidity guidance requires from 1 March 2022, self securitisations to cover 30% of AUD net cash outflows 2 The credit exposures of the underlying loans are measured in accordance with APS113. |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 65 Provision of securitisation services including funding and arranging asset backed bond issues ⚫ Arranger ⚫ Bond distributor ⚫ Credit enhancement provider ⚫ Funder ⚫ Liquidity facility provider ⚫ Swap counterparty servicer ⚫ Market maker and broker for distributed bonds Key Objectives Securitisation of Westpac originated assets - The securitisation of Westpac's own assets provides funding diversity, and is a core tool of liquidity management. Securitisation in the management of Westpac’s credit portfolio - Westpac acts as principal in transactions and will buy and sell protection in order to meet its portfolio management objectives. Westpac also purchases securitisation exposures in order to earn income. All securitisation activity must follow Westpac’s credit policies and approval processes. Provision of securitisation services including funding and arranging asset backed bond issues - Westpac receives market-based fees in return for its services as servicer, swap counterparty, arranger and facility provider and program fees, interest margins and bond distribution fees on warehouse and term funding facilities. Westpac facilitates portfolio management activity by its institutional customers by buying and selling securitisation exposures in the secondary market and is compensated through an interest margin and bid-offer spread on the transactions. Structure and organisation Securitisation of Westpac originated assets - Westpac’s Treasury operations are responsible for all Westpac originated securitisation activity including funding and liquidity management. Securitisation in the management of Westpac’s credit portfolio - Westpac’s exposure arising from securitisation, including portfolio hedging, is managed by Westpac Institutional Bank (WIB) and integrated within Westpac’s standard risk reporting and management systems. Provision of securitisation services including funding and arranging asset backed bond issues - These services are provided by WIB and include the provision of liquidity, credit enhancement, funding and derivative facilities, servicer and arranger services, and market-making and broking of asset-backed bonds. Risk reporting Credit exposure - Funding, liquidity, credit enhancement and redraw facilities, swap arrangements and counterparty exposures are captured and monitored in key source systems along with other facilities/derivatives entered into by Westpac. Operational risk exposure - The operational risk review process for Westpac includes the identification of risks, controls and key performance indicators in relation to all securitisation activity and services provided by Westpac or any of its subsidiaries. Market risk exposure - Exposures arising from transactions with the securitisation conduit and other counterparties are captured as part of Westpac’s traded and non-traded market risk reporting and limit management framework. Liquidity risk exposure - Exposure to, and the impact of, securitisation transactions are managed under the Liquidity Risk Management Framework and are integrated into routine reporting for capital and liquidity positions, net interest margin analysis, balance sheet forecasting and funding scenario testing. The annual funding plan incorporates consideration of overall liquidity risk limits and the securitisation of Westpac originated assets. Risk mitigation Securitisation of Westpac originated assets - The interest rate and basis risks generated by Westpac’s hedging arrangements to each securitisation trust are captured and managed within Westpac’s asset and liability management framework. The liquidity risk generated by Westpac’s liquidity and redraw facilities to each securitisation trust is captured and managed in accordance with Westpac’s liquidity management policies along with all other contingent liquidity facilities. Securitisation in the management of Westpac’s credit portfolio - Transactions are approved in accordance with Westpac’s credit risk mitigation approach (see pages 58 and 59). |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation 66 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Provision of securitisation services including funding and arranging asset backed bond issues - All securitisation transactions are approved within the context of a securitisation credit policy that sets detailed transaction-specific guidelines that regulate servicer counterparty risk appetite, transaction tenor, asset class, third party credit support and portfolio quality. This policy is applied in conjunction with other credit and market risk policies that governs the provision of derivative and other services that support securitisation transactions. In particular, credit hedging transactions are subject to Westpac’s credit risk mitigation approach (see pages 58 and 59). Any interest rate or currency hedging is subject to counterparty credit risk management (see pages 60 and 61) and market risk management (see pages 73 and 74) policies and processes. Regulatory capital approaches The regulatory capital treatment of all securitisation exposures is measured in accordance with APS120. APS120 specifies that securitisation exposures held in the trading book are subject to the requirements of Prudential Standard APS 116 Capital Adequacy: Market Risk. Under APS120 the approaches employed include the External Rating Based Approach (ERBA) and the Supervisory Formula Approach (SFA). Under the ERBA, APRA provides risk-weights that are matched to external credit ratings and takes into account tranche maturity and tranche thickness. The SFA applicable to unrated exposures dynamically looks at the type and performance of underlying asset pools funded by the securitisation exposure as well as the structural features of the transaction to determine capital requirements. The Internal Assessment Approach (IAA) is not permitted under APS120. Securitisation of Westpac originated assets - The assets sold by Westpac to a securitisation trust are excluded from Westpac’s calculation of credit risk weighted assets if capital relief is sought and the requirements of APS120 are satisfied1. In instances where insufficient risk transfer is achieved by the transaction for regulatory purposes, the capital calculation is performed on the underlying asset pool while the facilities provided to such securitisation vehicles do not attract regulatory capital charges. Securitisation in the management of Westpac’s credit portfolio - Securitisation exposures are assessed using either the ERBA or SFA approaches. Provision of securitisation services including funding - Westpac uses the ERBA and the SFA methodology when determining regulatory capital requirements for warehouse and term funding facilities related to securitised assets on Westpac’s balance sheet. The External Credit Assessment Institutions that can be used by Westpac for securitisations are Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch. Westpac’s accounting policies for securitisation activities Securitisation of Westpac originated assets - The assets sold by Westpac to a securitisation trust remain on Westpac’s balance sheet for accounting purposes. Securitisation in the management of Westpac’s credit portfolio - For risk mitigation using synthetic securitisation, the underlying assets remain on Westpac's balance sheet for accounting purposes. The accounting treatment of the assets will depend on their nature. They could include loans and receivables, available for sale securities or derivatives. The most common form of synthetic securitisation is via a credit default swap, which is treated as a derivative and recognised in the profit and loss statement at fair value. For investment in securitisation exposures, if the instrument has been designated on initial recognition at fair value (including instruments containing a credit default swap), the exposure will be measured at fair value through the Income Statement. All other investments in securitisation exposures will be classified as available-for-sale (AFS) and measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (within the AFS securities reserve). Provision of securitisation services including funding and arranging asset backed bond issues - Fee income from these services is recognised on an accrual basis. Liquidity and funding facilities are treated as commitments to provide finance, with fee and margin income recognised on an accrual basis. Warehouse and term funding facilities are treated as loans. 1 Including the requirements to achieve capital relief. |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 67 Banking book summary of assets securitised by Westpac This table shows outstanding banking book securitisation assets and assets intended to be securitised12for Westpac originated assets by underlying asset type. It includes the amount of impaired and past due assets, along with any losses recognised by Westpac during the current period. Securitised assets are held in securitisation trusts. Trusts which meet requirements to achieve capital relief do not form part of the Level 2 consolidated group. Self securitisation trusts remain consolidated at Level 2 and the assets transferred to these trusts are risk weighted in accordance with APS113. Assets Westpac 31 March 2022 Traditional Synthetic intended to be Impaired Past due recognised $m Securitisation2 Securitisation securitised loans assets losses Residential mortgages 144,276 -- 35 927 1 Credit cards ------ Auto and equipment finance 571 -- 12 -- Business lending ------ Investments in ABS ------ Other ------ Total 144,847 -- 47 927 1 Assets Westpac 30 September 2021 Traditional Synthetic intended to be Impaired Past due recognised $m Securitisation2 Securitisation securitised loans assets losses Residential mortgages 141,414 -- 41 1,075 - Credit cards ------ Auto and equipment finance 861 -- 13 -- Business lending ------ Investments in ABS ------ Other ------ Total 142,275 -- 54 1,075 - Assets Westpac 31 March 2021 Traditional Synthetic intended to be Impaired Past due recognised $m Securitisation2 Securitisation securitised loans assets losses Residential mortgages 137,681 -- 42 1,068 - Credit cards ------ Auto and equipment finance 1,483 -- 34 -- Business lending ------ Investments in ABS ------ Other ------ Total 139,164 -- 76 1,068 - Total outstanding securitised by ADI Total outstanding securitised by ADI Total outstanding securitised by ADI Banking book summary of total Westpac sponsored third party assets securitised This table represents banking book third party assets where Westpac acts as a sponsor. $m 31 March 2022 30 September 2021 31 March 2021 Residential mortgages 151 111 95 Credit cards --- Auto and equipment finance --- Business lending --- Investments in ABS --- Other --- Total 151 111 95 1 Represents securitisation activity from the end of the reporting period to the disclosure date of this report. 2 Includes self-securitisation assets of $138,937 million as at 31 March 2022 ($136,266 million as at 30 September 2021 and ($131,646 million as at 31 March 2021). |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation 68 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Banking book summary of securitisation activity by asset type This table shows assets transferred into securitisation schemes by underlying asset type (ADI originated) for the relevant period. For the 6 months ended 31 March 2022 Amount Recognised gain or $m securitised loss on sale Residential mortgages 23,921 - Credit cards -- Auto and equipment finance -- Business lending -- Investments in ABS -- Other -- Total 23,921 - For the 12 months ended 30 September 2021 Amount Recognised gain or $m securitised loss on sale Residential mortgages 35,124 - Credit cards -- Auto and equipment finance 325 - Business lending -- Investments in ABS -- Other -- Total 35,449 - For the 6 months ended 31 March 2021 Amount Recognised gain or $m securitised loss on sale Residential mortgages 9,925 - Credit cards -- Auto and equipment finance 325 - Business lending -- Investments in ABS -- Other -- Total 10,250 - |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 69 Banking book summary of on and off-balance sheet securitisation by exposure type 31 March 2022 Off-balance Total Exposure $m Securitisation retained Securitisation purchased sheet at Default Securities - 7,590 37 7,627 Liquidity facilities -- 295 295 Funding facilities 3,132 - 1,868 5,001 Underwriting facilities ---- Lending facilities 1,930 - 371 2,301 Warehouse facilities 12,091 - 6,051 18,142 Total 17,154 7,590 8,623 33,366 30 September 2021 Off-balance Total Exposure $m Securitisation retained Securitisation purchased sheet at Default Securities - 8,025 38 8,063 Liquidity facilities -- 251 251 Funding facilities 3,870 - 1,466 5,336 Underwriting facilities ---- Lending facilities 791 - 328 1,119 Warehouse facilities 10,742 - 5,050 15,793 Total 15,404 8,025 7,133 30,561 31 March 2021 Off-balance Total Exposure $m Securitisation retained Securitisation purchased sheet at Default Securities - 7,303 37 7,340 Liquidity facilities -- 273 273 Funding facilities 2,951 - 1,451 4,402 Underwriting facilities ---- Lending facilities 625 - 540 1,165 Warehouse facilities 9,265 - 5,854 15,119 Total 12,841 7,303 8,155 28,299 On balance sheet On balance sheet On balance sheet |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 71 Trading book summary of assets securitised by Westpac As at 31 March 2022 there was nil in outstanding securitisation exposures for Westpac originated assets held in the trading book (nil as at 30 September 2021). Trading book summary of total Westpac sponsored third party assets securitised There are no third party assets held in the trading book where Westpac is responsible for the establishment of the securitisation program and subsequent management as at 31 March 2022 (nil as at 30 September 2021). Trading book summary of securitisation activity by asset type There is no originated securitisation activity in the trading book for the 6 months to 31 March 2022 (nil for the 12 months to 30 September 2021). Trading book aggregated amount of exposure securitised by Westpac and subject to APS116 Capital Adequacy: Market Risk As at 31 March 2022 there is no Westpac originated outstanding securitisation exposure held in the trading book subject to APS116 Capital Adequacy: Market Risk (nil as at 30 September 2021). |
Pillar 3 report Securitisation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 73 Trading book securitisation exposure deducted from capital There is no trading book capital deduction for 31 March 2022 (nil for 30 September 2021). Trading book securitisation subject to early amortisation treatment There is no securitisation exposure in the trading book that is subject to early amortisation treatment for 31 March 2022 (nil for 30 September 2021). Trading book resecuritisation exposure subject to CRM Westpac has no resecuritisation exposure subject to CRM at 31 March 2022 (nil for 30 September 2021). Trading book resecuritisation by guarantor creditworthiness Westpac has no third party guarantors providing guarantees for securitised assets, principal or interest repayments for 31 March 2022 (nil for 30 September 2021). |
Pillar 3 report Market risk 74 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Westpac’s exposure to market risk arises out of its Financial Markets and Treasury trading activities. This is quantified for regulatory capital purposes using both the standard method and the internal model approach, details of which are provided below. Approach Financial Markets’ trading activity includes dealings that encompass book running and distribution activity. The types of market risk arising from these activities include interest rate, foreign exchange, commodity, equity price, credit spread and volatility risk. Treasury’s trading activity includes the management of interest rate, foreign exchange and credit spread risks associated with the wholesale funding book, liquid asset portfolios and foreign exchange repatriations. Treasury also manages banking book risk which is discussed in the Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book section. Trading activities are managed within a BRiskC approved market risk framework that incorporates BRiskC approved value at risk (VaR) and stressed value at risk (SVaR) limits. VaR and SVaR are the primary mechanisms for measuring and managing market risk. Market risk is managed using VaR, SVaR and structural risk limits (including volume limits and basis point value limits) in conjunction with scenario analysis and stress testing. Market risk limits are allocated to business management based upon Westpac’s risk appetite and business strategies, in addition to the consideration of market liquidity and concentration risk. Trades are fair valued daily using rates that have been captured from an independent market data source that has been approved by the Revaluation Committee (RC). Where there is no source of independent rates, data will either be derived using a methodology approved by the RC or sourced from dealer contributions. Rates that are dealer-sourced or have limited independent sources are reviewed at least on a monthly basis. The RC meets monthly to review the results of independent price verification performed by the Finance valuation function. In addition, valuation adjustments may be made as deductions from Common Equity Tier 1 Capital for exposures which are not captured through the fair valuation framework. VaR and SVaR limits Market risk arising from trading book activities is primarily measured using VaR based on an historical simulation methodology. Westpac estimates VaR as the potential loss in earnings from adverse market movements and is calculated to a 99% confidence level using the most recent 12 months of historical market data. SVaR is an additional VaR measure which uses 12 months of historical market data that includes a period of significant financial stress. VaR and SVaR take account of all material market variables that may cause a change in the value of the trading portfolio, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, price changes, volatility, and the correlation between these variables. The BRiskC approved market risk VaR and SVaR limits for trading activities include separate VaR and SVaR sub- limits for the trading activities of Financial Markets and Treasury. Backtesting Daily backtesting of VaR results is performed to ensure that model integrity is maintained. A review of both the actual and potential profit and loss outcomes is also undertaken to monitor any skew created by the historical data. Stress testing Daily stress testing against pre-determined scenarios is carried out to analyse potential losses beyond the 99% confidence level. An escalation framework around selective stress tests is approved by the Head of Market Risk and Treasury Risk. Profit and loss notification framework The BRiskC has approved a profit and loss notification framework. Included in this framework are levels of escalation in accordance with the size of the profit or loss. Triggers are applied to both a 1-day and a rolling 20- day cumulative total. |
Pillar 3 report Market risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 75 Risk reporting Daily monitoring of current exposure and limit utilisation is conducted independently by risk managers in the Market Risk and Treasury Risk teams, who monitor market risk exposures against VaR, SVaR and structural limits. Daily VaR and SVaR position reports are produced by risk type, by product lines and by geographic region. These are supplemented by structural risk reporting, advice of profit and loss trigger levels and stress test escalation trigger points. Model accreditation has been granted by APRA for the use of an internal model for the determination of regulatory capital for the key classes of interest rate (general market), foreign exchange, commodity and equity risks (including equity specific risk). Under the model, regulatory capital is derived from both the current VaR window (based upon the most recent 12 months of historical market data) and a SVaR window (12 months of market data that includes a period of significant financial stress), where these VaR measures are calculated over a 10-day time horizon to a 99th percentile, one-tailed confidence interval. Specific risk refers to the variations in individual security prices that cannot be explained by general market movements, and event and default risk. Interest rate specific risk capital (specific issuer risk) is calculated using the Standard method and is added to the VaR regulatory capital measure. Westpac currently holds an industry-wide capital overlay which was introduced during 1Q22 and relates to APRA’s revised risks-not-in-VaR framework. This overlay will be applied until the Group’s revised framework is approved by APRA. Risk mitigation Market risk positions are managed by the trading desks consistent with delegated trading and product authorities. Risks are consolidated into portfolios based on product and risk type. Risk management is carried out by qualified personnel with varying levels of seniority commensurate with the nature and scale of market risks under management. The following controls allow monitoring by management: ⚫ trading authorities and responsibilities are clearly delineated at all levels; ⚫ a structured system of limits and reporting of risk exposures, including stress testing; ⚫ surveillance of dealing room conduct; ⚫ all new products and significant product variations undergo a rigorous approval process to identify business risks prior to launch; ⚫ models that are used to determine risk or profit and loss for Westpac’s accounts are independently reviewed; ⚫ duties are segregated so that employees involved in the origination, processing and valuation of transactions operate under separate reporting lines, minimising the opportunity for collusion; and ⚫ legal personnel review documentation for compliance with relevant laws and regulations. In addition, Group Audit independently reviews compliance with policies, procedures and limits. Market risk regulatory capital and risk weighted assets The Internal model approach uses VaR and Stressed VaR, while the Standard approach is used for interest rate specific risk. $m 31 March 2022 30 September 2021 31 March 2021 Internal model approach 665 472 680 Standard approach 103 61 79 Total capital required 768 533 759 Risk weighted assets 9,596 6,662 9,490 |
Pillar 3 report Market risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 77 31 March 2021 $m High Low Average Period end Interest rate risk 76.5 35.1 58.7 59.8 Foreign exchange risk 10.3 0.9 3.9 3.3 Equity risk 3.5 0.1 0.4 1.0 Commodity risk 3.5 0.6 1.5 1.7 Other market risks 15.2 11.2 12.5 13.9 Diversification benefit NA NA (105.6) (20.7) Net market risk1 80.8 35.6 62.4 59.0 For the 6 months ended Back-testing results1 The following graph gives a comparison of actual profit and loss to VaR over the 6 months ended 31 March 2022. Each point on the graph represents 1 day’s trading profit or loss. This result is placed on the graph relative to the associated VaR utilisation. The downward sloping line represents the point where a loss is equal to VaR utilisation. 1 The net market risk measure reflects the aggregate diversified risk position for the period. Therefore, individual risk factors will not sum to this total. |
Pillar 3 report Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB) Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 78 Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB) is the risk to interest income arising predominately from a mismatch between the duration of assets and liabilities that arises through the course of banking activities. Approach The banking book activities that give rise to market risk include lending activities, balance sheet funding and capital management. Interest rate risk, basis risk, currency risk and funding and liquidity risk are inherent in these activities. Treasury’s Asset & Liability Management (ALM) unit is responsible for managing market risk arising from Westpac’s banking book activity. All material regions, business lines and legal entities are included in Westpac’s IRRBB framework. Model accreditation has been granted by APRA for the use of an internal model for the determination of IRRBB regulatory capital. Under the model, regulatory capital is primarily derived from a VaR measure using 6 years of historical data with a scaled 1 year, 99th percentile, one-tailed confidence interval. Asset and liability management The ALM unit manages the structural interest rate mismatch associated with the transfer priced balance sheet, including the investment of Westpac’s capital to its agreed benchmark duration. A key risk management objective is to achieve reasonable stability of Net Interest Income (NII) over time. These activities are performed under the oversight of ALCO and the Treasury Risk team. During periods of significant interest rate volatility the change in value of capital hedges may result in material contributions to IRRBB regulatory capital in the form of embedded losses or gains. Net Interest Income sensitivity NII sensitivity is managed in terms of the net interest income-at-risk (NaR) modelled over a set time horizon using defined scenarios for movements in wholesale market interest rates. The NII measurement framework combines the underlying statement of financial position data with assumptions about runoff and new business, expected repricing behaviour and changes in wholesale market interest rates. The interest rate scenarios modelled include those projected using 100 and 200 basis point shifts up and down from current market yield curves. A comparison between the NII outcomes from these modelled scenarios indicates the sensitivity to interest rate changes. On and off-balance sheet instruments are then used to manage this interest rate risk. NaR limit The BRiskC has approved a NaR limit. This limit is managed by the Group Treasurer and is expressed as a defined basis point shock over a one year risk horizon. This limit is monitored by the Treasury Risk team. VaR limit The BRiskC has also approved an interest rate VaR limit for ALM activities. This limit is managed by the Group Treasurer and monitored by the Treasury Risk team. This internal VaR measure uses 1 year of historical data with a 1 day, 99th percentile, one-tailed confidence interval. Additionally, the BRiskC and the Treasury Risk team set structural risk limits to prevent undue concentration of risk. Structural foreign exchange rate risk Structural foreign exchange rate risk results from the generation of foreign currency denominated earnings and from Westpac's capital deployed in offshore branches and subsidiaries, where it is denominated in currencies other than Australian dollars. The Australian dollar equivalent of offshore earnings and capital is subject to change as exchange rates fluctuate, which could introduce significant variability to Westpac's reported financial results. ALCO provides oversight of the appropriateness of foreign exchange hedges on earnings and capital. Risk reporting Interest rate risk in the banking book risk measurement systems include front office product systems, which capture all treasury funding and derivative transactions; the transfer pricing system, which captures all retail and other business transactions; and the asset and liability management risk system, which calculates ALM VaR and NaR. Daily monitoring of market risk exposure against VaR and structural risk limits is conducted independently by the Treasury Risk team, with NaR monitored on a monthly basis. Management reports detailing structural positions and VaR are produced and distributed daily for use by dealers and management across all stakeholder groups. Quarterly reports are produced for the senior management market risk forums of RISKCO and BRiskC to provide transparency of material market risks and issues. |
Pillar 3 report Operational risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 80 Operational risk is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. This definition includes legal and regulatory risk but excludes strategic risk. Westpac’s operational risk definition is aligned to APS115 Capital Adequacy: Standardised Measurement Approaches to Operational Risk (SMA). Approach Westpac has transitioned to SMA in accordance with APS115. Westpac’s operational risk is measured and managed in accordance with the policies and processes defined in its Operational Risk Management Framework. Westpac’s Operational Risk Management Framework The Operational Risk Management Framework outlines our approach to the: ⚫ identification, measurement and management of operational risks that may impede Westpac’s ability to achieve its strategic objectives and vision; ⚫ identification and escalation of operational risk incidents to mitigate potential financial loss, regulatory impacts and reputational damage that may impact shareholders, the community, and employees; and ⚫ calculation of operational risk capital. The key components of Westpac’s operational risk management framework are listed below: Governance - The governance structure provides clearly defined roles and responsibilities for overseeing and reviewing operational risk exposure and its management. The Board and BRiskC are supported by committees, including RISKCO, that monitor the Group’s operational risk profile and the effectiveness of operational risk management practices, including operational risk capital. Risk and Control Assessment (RCA) - The RCA process provides a structured and consistent approach for the Business to develop risk profiles and thereby supports them in implementing appropriate actions where the risk is outside the defined Risk Appetite. Issue and Action Management - The Issue and Action Management process encompasses the identification and management of issues, which relate to control deficiencies or gaps, to ensure that they are effectively addressed through action plans. Key Indicators (KIs) - are objective measures used by management to monitor the current risk and control environment, inform the assessment of risk and to assist in prompting management action when the metrics indicate that the level of risk is increasing. Incident Management – The Incident Management process assists in implementing consistent identification, recording, escalation and rectification of incidents and related losses in a transparent and practical way. This assists the Group to comply with all legal and regulatory obligations and licensing conditions (including reporting material regulatory breaches to regulatory authorities). Data - The framework includes principles and processes to ensure the integrity of operational risk data used to support management decision-making and calculate and allocate capital. The principles apply to the governance, input and capture, reconciliation, and validation, reporting and storage of operational risk data. Operational risk data is subject to independent validation on a regular basis. Scenario Analysis - is used to provide a forward looking-view and facilitate a structured and consistent approach to assess the impacts of severe but plausible loss events on the Group’s objectives and operations. Scenario Analysis is also an input to the calculation of operational risk economic capital. Reporting - Regular reporting of operational risk information to governance bodies and senior management is used to support timely and proactive management of operational risk and enable transparent and formal oversight of the risk and control environment. |
Pillar 3 report Operational risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 81 SMA capital overview From 1 January 2022, Westpac adopted the Standardised Measurement Approach (SMA) to Operational Risk Capital as permitted by Prudential Standard APS115 Capital Adequacy: Standardised Measurement Approach. Westpac had agreed with APRA in June 2018 to apply an SMA capital overlay to the previously utilised Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) calculation. The overlay broadly aligned Westpac’s operational risk capital requirement to an estimate of the SMA. The transition to the final APS 115 SMA calculation resulted in the offset of the overlay and a minor increase to Westpac’s operational risk capital requirement of $132m (~3%) compared to 31 December 2021. The Culture, Governance & Accountability Review and AUSTRAC related overlays will continue to apply as they did under the AMA. As previously disclosed, in September 2021 Westpac identified a breach of APS 115 requirements under the previous AMA model. Their root causes have been investigated and are being remediated under the Group’s CORE (Customer Outcomes and Risk Excellence) program. Expected loss offsets and risk mitigation No adjustments or deductions are currently made to Westpac’s measurement of operational risk regulatory capital for the mitigating impacts of insurance or expected operational risk losses. Operational Risk regulatory capital and risk weighted assets1 $m 31 March 2022 30 September 2021 31 March 2021 Model based capital 3,6291 2,705 2,562 Standardised approach overlay N/A 765 765 Culture, Governance & Accountability Review overlay 500 500 500 AUSTRAC related overlay 500 500 500 Total capital required 4,629 4,470 4,327 Risk weighted assets 57,875 55,875 54,090 1 Model based capital has increased due to the transition from AMA to SMA. Under AMA Westpac held an overlay of $765m to broadly align the Operational Risk capital requirement to an estimate of SMA. |
Pillar 3 report Equity risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 82 Equity risk is defined as the potential for financial loss arising from movements in equity values. The disclosures in this section exclude investments in equities made by Westpac subsidiaries outside the regulatory Level 2 group. Structure and organisation Portfolio and transactional limits for Westpac’s direct equity investments are governed by various supporting policies and delegated approval limits. Where appropriate, the BRiskC (under delegation from the Westpac Board) will consider and approve risks beyond management’s approval authority. Approach Westpac has established a comprehensive set of policies defining the management of equity risk. These policies are reviewed and approved periodically (in most cases annually). Risk mitigation Westpac does not use financial instruments to mitigate its exposure to equities in the banking book. Banking book positions Hybrid equity underwriting and equity warehousing risk - As a financial intermediary Westpac underwrites listed and unlisted hybrid equity securities. Investment securities - Westpac undertakes, as part of the ordinary course of business, certain investments in strategic equity holdings and over time the nature of underlying investments will vary. Measurement of equity securities - Equity securities are generally carried at their fair value. Fair value for equities that have a quoted market price (in an active market) is determined based upon current bid prices. If a market for a financial asset is not active, fair value is determined based upon a valuation technique. This includes the use of recent arms-length transactions, discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models and other valuation techniques commonly used by market participants to price similar instruments. In the event that the fair value of an unlisted security cannot be measured reliably, these investments are measured at cost. Where the investment is held for long term strategic purposes, these investments are accounted for either at fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), fair values through profit and loss, or equity accounted for and recognised as a share in associates. Other related matters ⚫ Fair value should not differ to the listed stock price. Should a listed stock price not be available, fair value is estimated using the valuation techniques referred to above. The book value of certain unlisted investments for which active markets do not exist are measured at cost because cost is considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair value. ⚫ The equity method of accounting is used for investments in Associates. Associates are entities in which the Group has significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies. Risk reporting Westpac manages equity risk in two ways, VaR limits and investment limits: ⚫ A VaR limit (in conjunction with structural limits) is used to manage traded equity. This limit is a sub-limit of the overall VaR limit for Financial Markets trading activities. Equity trading activity is overseen by the independent Market Risk function applying the same controls used for monitoring other trading book activities in Financial Markets and Treasury; and ⚫ Investment exposures are reported annually to MARCO. |
Pillar 3 report Equity risk Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 83 Book value of equity exposures 31 March 30 September 31 March $m 2022 2021 2021 Listed equity exposures (publicly traded) - 3 40 Unlisted equity exposures (privately traded) 161 160 122 Total book value of equity exposures 161 163 162 Gains/losses 31 March 30 September 31 March $m 2022 2021 2021 Cumulative realised gains (losses) -- 32 Total unrealised gains (losses) through profit & loss (1) 5 - Total unrealised gains (losses) through equity --- Total latent revaluation gains (losses) --- |
Pillar 3 report Funding and liquidity risk management Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 84 Funding and liquidity risk is the risk that Westpac cannot meet its payment obligations or that it does not have the appropriate amount, tenor and composition of funding and liquidity to support its assets. Approach Funding and liquidity risk is measured and managed in accordance with the policies and processes defined in the Board-approved Liquidity Risk Management Framework which is part of the Westpac Board-approved Risk Management Strategy. Responsibility for managing Westpac’s liquidity and funding positions in accordance with the Liquidity Risk Management Framework is delegated to Treasury, under the oversight of ALCO and Treasury Risk. Liquidity Risk Management Framework The Liquidity Risk Management Framework sets out Westpac’s funding and liquidity risk appetite, roles and responsibilities of key people managing funding and liquidity risk within Westpac, risk reporting and control processes and limits and targets used to manage Westpac’s balance sheet. Key components of Westpac’s approach to liquidity risk management are listed below. Funding strategy Treasury undertakes an annual funding review that outlines Westpac’s balance sheet funding strategy over a three year period. This review encompasses trends in global markets, peer analysis, wholesale funding capacity, expected funding requirements and a funding risk analysis. This strategy is continuously reviewed to take account of changing market conditions, investor sentiment and estimations of asset and liability growth rates. Westpac monitors the composition and stability of its funding so that it remains within its funding risk appetite. This includes compliance with both the LCR and NSFR. Liquid asset holdings Westpac holds a portfolio of liquid assets for several purposes, including as a buffer against unforeseen funding requirements. The level of liquid assets held takes into account the liquidity requirements of Westpac’s balance sheet under normal and stress conditions. Liquidity modelling In managing liquidity for Westpac, Treasury utilises balance sheet forecasts and the maturity profile of Westpac’s wholesale funding portfolio to project liquidity outcomes. Local liquidity limits are also used by Westpac in applicable jurisdictions to ensure liquidity is managed efficiently and prudently. In addition, Westpac conducts regular stress testing to assess its ability to meet cash flow obligations under a range of market conditions and scenarios. These scenarios inform liquidity limits and strategic planning. Liquidity transfer pricing Westpac has a liquidity transfer pricing framework which allocates liquidity costs across Westpac. Contingency planning Treasury maintains a contingent funding plan that outlines the steps that should be taken by Westpac in the event of an emerging ‘funding crisis’. The plan is aligned with Westpac’s broader Liquidity Crisis Management Policy which is approved annually by the Board. Liquidity reporting Daily liquidity risk reports are reviewed by the Group’s Treasury and Treasury Risk teams. Liquidity reports are presented to ALCO monthly and to the Board quarterly. Committed Liquidity Facility In September 2021, APRA announced it expects Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions (ADIs) subject to the LCR to reduce their Committed Liquidity Facility (CLF) usage to zero by the end of 2022, subject to financial market conditions. |
Pillar 3 report Appendix I | Regulatory capital reconciliation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 89 $m 31 March 2022 Capital Disclosure Template Reference Table a Deferred Tax Assets Total Deferred Tax Assets per level 2 Regulatory Balance Sheet 1,812 Add: Held for sale deferred tax assets (per Level 2) - Deferred tax asset adjustment before applying prescribed thresholds 1,812 Row 26e Less: Amounts below prescribed threshold - risk weighted (1,812) Row 75 Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Deferred Tax Asset - Row 21 / 25 $m 31 March 2022 Capital Disclosure Template Reference Table b Goodwill and other intangible assets Total Goodwill and Intangibles Assets per level 2 Regulatory Balance Sheet 10,058 Less: Capitalised Software Disclosed Under Intangibles (1,914) Row 9 Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Goodwill 8,144 Row 8 $m 31 March 2022 Capital Disclosure Template Reference Table c Equity Investments Significant Investment in financial entities 1 Equity Investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries 1,541 Total Significant Investment in financial entities 1,542 Row 73 Non-significant Investment in financial entities 115 Row 72 Total Investments in financial institutions 1,657 Row 26d Investment in commercial entities 45 Row 26g Total Equity Investments before applying prescribed threshold 1,702 Less: Amounts below prescribed threshold (1,702) Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Equity Investments - Row 18/ 19/ 23 $m 31 March 2022 Capital Disclosure Template Reference Table d Additional Tier 1 Capital Total Loan Capital per Level 2 Regulatory Balance Sheet 29,036 Less: Tier 2 Capital Instruments Reported Below (19,552) Add: Capitalised Issue Costs for Additional Tier 1 Capital Instruments 1 53 Less: Fair Value Adjustment2 29 Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Tier 1 Capital 9,566 Row 36 Additional Tier 1 Capital included in Regulatory Capital Westpac Capital Notes 2 1,311 Westpac Capital Notes 5 1,690 Westpac Capital Notes 6 1,423 SEC Registered Capital Securities 1,669 Westpac Capital Notes 7 1,723 Westpac Capital Notes 8 1,750 Total Basel III complying instruments 9,566 Row 30 Total Basel III non complying instruments - Row 33 Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Additional Tier 1 Capital Instruments 9,566 Row 36 12 1 Unamortised issue costs relating to capital instruments are netted off against each instrument in the Balance Sheet. For regulatory capital purposes, these capital instruments are shown gross of unamortised issue costs. The unamortised issue costs are deducted from CET1 as part of capitalised expenses in Row 26f in the capital disclosure template. 2 For regulatory capital purposes, APRA requires these instruments to be included as if they were unhedged. |
Pillar 3 report Appendix I | Regulatory capital reconciliation 90 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report $m 31 March 2022 Capital Disclosure Template Reference Table e Tier 2 Capital Total Tier 2 Capital per Level 2 Regulatory Balance Sheet 19,552 Add: Capitalised Issue Costs for Tier 2 Capital Instruments 1 50 Less: Fair Value Adjustment2 1,016 Less: Cumulative amortisation of Tier 2 Capital Instruments - Less: Basel III transitional adjustment (471) Row 56c Provisions 158 Row 50 / 76 Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Tier 2 20,305 Row 51 Tier 2 Capital included in Regulatory Capital SDG325 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 321 USD100 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 133 JPY20,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 219 JPY10,200 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 112 JPY10,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 109 AUD175 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 175 USD1,500 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 2,001 JPY13,500 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 148 JPY12,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 131 HKD 600 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 102 AUD350 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 350 AUD185 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 185 AUD250 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 250 AUD130 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 130 AUD725 million Westpac Subordinated Notes II 725 USD1,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,329 USD1,250 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,666 AUD1,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,000 USD1,500 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 2,001 USD1,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,329 USD1,500 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 2,001 AUD1,250 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,250 EUR1,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,485 USD1,000 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,329 USD1,250 million Westpac Subordinated Notes 1,666 Total Basel III complying instruments 20,147 Row 46 Total Basel III non complying instruments Less: Basel III transitional adjustment Row 85 Total Basel III non complying instruments after transitional adjustment - Row 47 Provisions 158 Row 50 / 76 Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Tier 2 Capital Instruments 20,305 Row 51 $m 31 March 2022 Capital Disclosure Template Reference Table f Treasury Shares and RSP Treasury Shares Total treasury shares per Level 2 Regulatory Balance Sheet (651) Less: Treasury Shares not included for Level 2 Regulatory Capital (57) Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Treasury Shares (708) Row 26a $m 31 March 2022 Capital Disclosure Template Reference Table g Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (and other reserves) Total reserves per Level 2 Regulatory Balance Sheet 2,651 Less: Share Based Payment Reserve not included within capital (41) Total per Capital Disclosure Template - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (and other reserves) 2,610 Row 3 1 1 For regulatory capital purposes, APRA requires these instruments to be included as if they were unhedged. |
Pillar 3 report Appendix I | Regulatory capital reconciliation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 93 $m 31 March 2022 Table Reference Capital ratios and buffers 61 Common Equity Tier 1 (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets) 11.3% 62 Tier 1 (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets) 13.4% 63 Total capital (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets) 17.7% 64 Buffer requirement (minimum CET1 requirement of 4.5% plus capital conservation buffer of 2.5% plus any countercyclical buffer requirements expressed as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)1 8.0% 65 of which: capital conservation buffer requirement1 3.5% 66 of which: ADI-specific countercyclical buffer requirements 0.0% 67 of which: G-SIB buffer requirement (not applicable) NA 68 Common Equity Tier 1 available to meet buffers (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets) 11.3% National minima (if different from Basel III) 69 National Common Equity Tier 1 minimum ratio (if different from Basel III minimum) 4.5% 70 National Tier 1 minimum ratio (if different from Basel III minimum) 6.0% 71 National total capital minimum ratio (if different from Basel III minimum) 8.0% Amount below thresholds for deductions (not risk-weighted) 72 Non-significant investments in the capital of other financial entities 115 Table c 73 Significant investments in the ordinary shares of financial entities 1,542 Table c 74 Mortgage servicing rights (net of related tax liability) - 75 Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liability) 1,812 Table a Applicable caps on the inclusion of provisions in Tier 2 76 Provisions eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 in respect of exposures subject to standardised approach (prior to application of cap) 56 Table e 77 Cap on inclusion of provisions in Tier 2 under standardised approach 164 78 Provisions eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 in respect of exposures subject to internal ratings-based approach (prior to application of cap) 102 Table e 79 Cap for inclusion of provisions in Tier 2 under internal ratings-based approach 2,040 Capital instruments subject to phase-out arrangements (only applicable between 1 Jan 2018 and 1 Jan 2022) 80 Current cap on CET1 instruments subject to phase out arrangements NA 81 Amount excluded from CET1 due to cap (excess over cap after redemptions and maturities) NA 82 Current cap on AT1 instruments subject to phase out arrangements NA 83 Amount excluded from AT1 instruments due to cap (excess over cap after redemptions and maturities) NA 84 Current cap on T2 instruments subject to phase out arrangements NA 85 Amount excluded from T2 due to cap (excess over cap after redemptions and maturities) NA Table e Countercyclical buffer12 The table below details Westpac’s countercyclical buffer requirement. Mar-22 Exposure at default Risk Weighted Assets2 Jurisdictional buffer ADI-specific buffer Hong Kong 680 320 1.00% 0.00087% Luxembourg 16 6 0.50% 0.00001% Norway 1 1 1.00% 0.00000% Other 1,163,354 365,313 0.00% 0.00000% Total 1,164,050 365,641 0.00089% Total Risk Weighted Assets 459,956 Countercyclical capital buffer 4 1 Includes 1% Domestic Systemically Important Bank (D-SIB) requirement. 2 Represents total private sector (excludes Banks and Sovereigns) credit and specific market risk weighted assets. |
Pillar 3 report Appendix II | Entities included in regulatory consolidation 94 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report This appendix lists all subsidiaries controlled by Westpac according to their level of regulatory consolidation. Level 1 Entities The following controlled entities have been approved by APRA for inclusion in the Westpac ADI’s ‘Extended Licensed Entity’ (ELE) for the purposes of measuring capital adequacy at Level 1: Westpac Banking Corporation Value Nominees Pty Limited 1925 (Commercial) Pty Limited Westpac Administration 2 Pty Limited 1925 (Industrial) Pty Limited Westpac Administration Pty Limited Bill Acceptance Corporation Pty Limited Westpac Debt Securities Pty Limited Capital Finance Australia Limited Westpac Direct Equity Investments Pty Limited CBA Pty Limited Westpac Financial Holdings Pty Limited Challenge Limited Westpac Investment Vehicle Pty Limited Mortgage Management Pty Limited Westpac Leasing Nominees-Vic.-Pty Limited Partnership Pacific Pty Limited Westpac New Zealand Group Limited Partnership Pacific Securities Pty Limited Westpac Overseas Holdings No. 2 Pty Limited Pashley Investments Pty Limited Westpac Properties Limited Sallmoor Pty Limited Westpac Securitisation Holdings Pty Limited Sixty Martin Place (Holdings) Pty Limited Westpac Structured Products Limited St.George Business Finance Pty Limited Westpac TPS Trust St.George Finance Holdings Limited Westpac Unit Trust St.George Security Holdings Pty Limited Level 2 Entities The following controlled entities are included in the Level 2 consolidation (along with the ELE entities) for the purposes of measuring capital adequacy: 1925 Advances Pty Limited Hastings Management Pty Limited Altitude Administration Pty Limited MoneyBrilliant Pty Ltd Altitude Rewards Pty Limited Net Nominees Limited Aotearoa Financial Services Limited Number 120 Limited Belliston Pty Limited Qvalent Pty Limited BT (Queensland) Pty Limited RAMS Financial Group Pty Limited BT Australia Pty Limited RMS Warehouse Trust 2007-1 BT Financial Group (NZ) Limited Series 2008-1M WST Trust BT Financial Group Pty Limited Series 2013-1 WST Trust BT Securities Limited Series 2013-2 WST Trust Capital Corporate Finance Pty Limited Series 2014-1 WST Trust Capital Motor Finance Pty Limited Series 2014-2 WST Trust Crusade ABS Series 2017-1P Trust Series 2015-1 WST Trust Crusade ABS Series 2018-1P Trust Series 2019-1 WST Trust Crusade Trust No.2P of 2008 Series 2020-1 WST Trust Danaby Pty Limited Series 2021-1 WST Trust General Credits Pty Limited St.George Finance Limited |
Pillar 3 report Appendix II | Entities included in regulatory consolidation Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 95 Level 2 Entities (Continued) St.George Motor Finance Limited Westpac Financial Services Group-NZ-Limited The Home Mortgage Company Limited Westpac Global Capital Markets Pty Limited W2 Investments Pty Limited Westpac Group Investment-NZ-Limited Westpac (NZ) Investments Limited Westpac Holdings-NZ-Limited Westpac Administration 3 Pty Limited Westpac Investment Capital Corporation Westpac Administration 4 Pty Limited Westpac Investment Vehicle No.2 Pty Limited Westpac Altitude Rewards Trust Westpac Investment Vehicle No.3 Pty Limited Westpac Americas Inc. Westpac New Zealand Limited Westpac Asian Lending Pty Limited Westpac Notice Saver PIE Fund Westpac Bank-PNG-Limited Westpac NZ Covered Bond Holdings Limited Westpac Capital Markets Holding Corp. Westpac NZ Covered Bond Limited Westpac Capital Markets LLC Westpac NZ Operations Limited Westpac Capital-NZ-Limited Westpac NZ Securitisation Holdings Limited Westpac Cash PIE Fund Westpac NZ Securitisation Limited Westpac Covered Bond Trust Westpac NZ Securitisation No.2 Limited Westpac Digital Partnerships Pty Ltd Westpac Overseas Holdings Pty Limited Westpac Equity Holdings Pty Limited Westpac Securities Limited Westpac Equity Investments NZ Limited Westpac Securities NZ Limited Westpac Europe GmbH Westpac Securitisation Management Pty Limited Westpac Europe Limited Westpac Singapore Limited Westpac Finance (HK) Limited Westpac Syndications Management Pty Limited Westpac Financial Consultants Pty Limited Westpac Term PIE Fund Westpac Financial Services Group Limited Westpac USA Inc. |
Pillar 3 report Appendix II | Entities included in regulatory consolidation 96 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Level 3 Entities The following controlled entities are excluded from the Level 2 consolidation but form part of the conglomerate group at Level 3: Advance Asset Management Limited Reinventure Fund II I.L.P Asgard Capital Management Limited Reinventure Fund III I.L.P Asgard Wealth Solutions Limited Reinventure Special Purpose Investment Unit Trust BT Funds Management (NZ) Limited Securitor Financial Group Pty Limited BT Funds Management Limited Sydney Capital Corporation Inc. BT Funds Management No.2 Limited Waratah Receivables Corporation Pty Limited BT Portfolio Services Limited Waratah Securities Australia Limited GIS Private Nominees Pty Limited Westpac Financial Services Limited Hastings Funds Management Pty Limited Westpac Life Insurance Services Limited Hyde Potts Insurance Services Pte. Limited Westpac New Zealand Staff Superannuation Scheme Trustee Limited Magnitude Group Pty Limited Westpac Nominees-NZ-Limited Pendal Short Term Income Fund Westpac RE Limited Red Bird Ventures Limited Westpac Securities Administration Limited Reinventure Fund, I.L.P. Westpac Superannuation Nominees-NZ-Limited |
Pillar 3 report Appendix III | Level 3 entities’ assets and liabilities Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 97 The following legal entities are excluded from the regulatory scope of consolidation. The total assets and liabilities should not be aggregated because some of the entities are holding companies for other entities in the table shown below. 31 March 2022 $m Total Assets a) Securitisation Sydney Capital Corporation Inc. - - Waratah Receivables Corporation Pty Limited - - Waratah Securities Australia Limited - - b) Insurance, funds management and other Advance Asset Management Limited 59 33 Asgard Capital Management Limited 37 16 Asgard Wealth Solutions Limited 30 6 BT Funds Management (NZ) Limited 61 17 BT Funds Management Limited 504 386 BT Funds Management No.2 Limited 12 2 BT Portfolio Services Limited 117 58 GIS Private Nominees Pty Limited 11 2 Hastings Funds Management Pty Limited - - Hyde Potts Insurance Services Pte. Limited 20 3 Magnitude Group Pty Limited 3 - Pendal Short Term Income Fund 284 284 Red Bird Ventures Limited 9 6 Reinventure Fund II I.L.P 76 - Reinventure Fund III I.L.P 126 - Reinventure Fund, I.L.P. 67 11 Reinventure Special Purpose Investment Unit Trust 62 - Securitor Financial Group Pty Limited 3 - Westpac Financial Services Limited 43 24 Westpac Life Insurance Services Limited 3,095 1,029 Westpac New Zealand Staff Superannuation Scheme Trustee Limited - - Westpac Nominees-NZ-Limited 4 - Westpac RE Limited 9 1 Westpac Securities Administration Limited 7 - Westpac Superannuation Nominees-NZ-Limited - - Liabilities (excluding equity) |
Pillar 3 report Appendix IV | Regulatory expected loss 98 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Capital deduction for regulatory expected loss2 For capital adequacy purposes APRA requires the amount of regulatory expected credit losses in excess of eligible provisions to be deducted from capital. The following table shows how the deduction is calculated. 31 March 30 September 31 March $m 2022 2021 2021 Provisions associated with eligible portfolios Total provisions for impairment charges 4,682 5,007 5,508 plus general reserve for credit losses adjustment - - - plus provisions associated with partial write-offs 304 40 20 less ineligible provisions1 (101) (104) (106) Total eligible provisions 4,885 4,943 5,422 Regulatory expected downturn loss 4,947 5,168 5,419 Excess/(shortfall) in eligible provisions compared to regulatory expected downturn loss (62) (225) 3 Common equity Tier 1 capital deduction for regulatory expected downturn loss in excess of eligible provisions2 (164) (225) (93) 1 Provisions associated with portfolios subject to the Basel standardised approach to credit risk are not eligible. 2 Regulatory expected loss is calculated for portfolios subject to the Basel advanced IRB approach to credit risk. The comparison between regulatory expected loss and eligible provisions is performed separately for defaulted and non-defaulted exposures. As at 31 March 2022, there was $164 million excess of regulatory expected loss compared to eligible provisions for defaulted exposures (30 September 2021: $129 million). |
Pillar 3 report Appendix V | APS330 quantitative requirements Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 99 The following table cross-references the quantitative disclosure requirements given by Attachments A, C, D and E of APS330 to the quantitative disclosures made in this report. The continuous reporting requirements for capital instruments under Attachment B are satisfied separately and can be found on the regulatory disclosures section on the Westpac website1. In addition to this report, the regulatory disclosures section of the Westpac website contains the reporting requirements for: ⚫ Capital instruments under Attachment B of APS330; and ⚫ The identification of potential Global-Systemically Important Banks (G-SIB) under Attachment H of APS330 (disclosed annually). APS330 reference Westpac disclosure Page General Requirements Paragraph 12 (a) (c) to (d) Balance Sheet Reconciliation 88 Paragraph 13 Level 3 entities’ assets and liabilities 97 Paragraph 49 Summary leverage ratio 23 Attachment A: Table 1: Capital disclosure template Capital disclosure template 89 Attachment C: Table 3: Capital adequacy (a) to (e) Capital requirements 21 (f) Westpac’s capital adequacy ratios 20 Capital adequacy ratios of major subsidiary banks 20 Table 4: Credit risk (a) Exposure at Default by major type 35 (b) Impaired and past due loans by portfolio 42 (c) General reserve for credit losses 32 Table 5: Securitisation exposures (a) Banking book summary of securitisation activity by asset type 68 (b) Banking book summary of on and off-balance sheet securitisation by exposure type 69 (c) Trading book summary of on and off-balance sheet securitisation by exposure type 72 Attachment D: Table 6: Capital adequacy (b) to (f) Capital requirements 21 (g) Westpac’s capital adequacy ratios 20 Capital adequacy ratios of major subsidiary banks 20 Table 7: Credit risk - general disclosures (b) Exposure at Default by major type 35 (c) Exposure at Default by geography 40 (d) Exposure at Default by industry classification 37 (e) Exposure at Default by residual contractual maturity 41 (f) Impaired and past due loans by industry classification 43 (g) Impaired and past due loans by geography 44 (h) Movement in provisions for impairment charges 33 (h) Loan impairment provisions 32 (i) Exposure at Default by measurement method 36 (j) General reserve for credit losses 32 Table 8: Credit risk - disclosures for portfolios subject to the standardised approach and supervisory risk-weights in the IRB approaches (formerly Table 5) (b) Portfolios subject to the standardised approach 45 Property finance 46 Project finance 47 1 http://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/investor-centre/financial-information/regulatory-disclosures/ |
Pillar 3 report Appendix V | APS330 quantitative requirements 100 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report APS330 reference Westpac disclosure Page Table 9: Credit risk - disclosures for portfolios subject to IRB approaches (d) Corporate portfolio by external credit rating 48 Business lending portfolio by external credit rating 49 Sovereign portfolio by external credit rating 50 Bank portfolio by external credit rating 51 Residential mortgages portfolio by PD band 52 Australian credit cards portfolio by PD band 53 Other retail portfolio by PD band 54 Small business portfolio by PD band 55 (e) Actual losses 56 (f) Comparison of regulatory expected and actual loss rates 57 Table 10: Credit risk mitigation disclosures (b) to (c) Total exposure covered by collateral, credit derivatives and guarantees 60 Table 11: General disclosure for exposures related to counterparty credit risk (b) Counterparty credit risk summary 62 (c) Credit derivative transactions that create exposures to counterparty credit risk 62 Table 12: Securitisation exposures Banking Book (g) part i and (h) to (i) Summary of assets securitised by Westpac 67 (g) part ii Summary of total Westpac sponsored third party assets securitised 67 (j) Summary of securitisation activity by asset type 68 (k) Summary of on and off-balance sheet securitisation by exposure type 69 (l) part i Securitisation exposure by risk weight band 70 (l) part ii Securitisation exposures deducted from capital 70 (m) Securitisation subject to early amortisation treatment 70 (n) part i Resecuritisation exposure subject to credit risk mitigation 70 (n) part ii Resecuritisation exposure to guarantors 70 Trading Book (o) part i and (p) Summary of assets securitised by Westpac 71 (o) part ii Summary of total Westpac sponsored third party assets securitised 71 (q) Summary of securitisation activity by asset type 71 (r) Aggregate amount of exposures securitised by Westpac and subject to APS116 Capital Adequacy: Market Risk 71 (s) Summary of on and off-balance sheet securitisation by exposure type 72 (t) part i Securitisation exposure retained or purchase subject to specific risk 72 (t) part ii Securitisation exposure subject to APS120 for Specific risk by risk weight band 72 (u) part i Capital requirements for securitisation exposure subject to internal models approach (IMA) by risk classification 72 (u) part ii Capital requirements for securitisation regulatory capital approaches by risk weight band 72 (u) part iii Securitisation exposures deducted from capital 73 (v) Securitisation subject to early amortisation treatment 73 (w) part i Aggregate resecuritisation exposures retain or purchased subject to credit risk mitigation 73 (w) part ii Resecuritisation exposure to guarantors credit worthiness 73 |
Pillar 3 report Appendix V | APS330 quantitative requirements Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 101 APS330 reference Westpac disclosure Page Table 13: Market risk - disclosures for ADIs using the standard method (b) Market Risk regulatory capital and risk weighted assets 75 Table 14: Market risk - disclosures for ADIs using the IMA for trading portfolios (d) VaR and Stressed VaR by risk type 76 Table 16: Equities - disclosures for banking book positions (b) to (c) Book value of listed equity exposures by industry classification / Book value of unlisted equity exposures by industry classification 83 (d) to (e) Gains/losses 83 (f) Capital requirement1 N/A Table 17: Interest rate risk in the banking book (b) Change in economic value of sudden upward and downward movement in interest rates 79 (b) Capital requirement 79 Attachment E Table 18: Leverage ratio disclosure template Leverage ratio disclosure 23 Table 19: Summary comparison of accounting assets vs leverage ratio exposure measure Summary comparison of accounting assets vs leverage ratio exposure measure 24 Attachment F Table 20: Liquidity Coverage Ratio disclosure template Liquidity Coverage Ratio disclosure 85 Table 21: Net Stable Funding Ratio template Net Stable Funding Ratio disclosure 86 Attachment G2 Table 21: Remuneration disclosure requirements (g) Governance structure NA (h) Quantitative Disclosures NA (i) Deferred remuneration NA (j) to (k) Total value of remuneration awards for the current financial year for senior managers and material risk takers NA 1 Equity exposures are not risk weighted at Level 2. 2 Remuneration disclosure is an annual reporting requirement under APS330. |
Pillar 3 report Glossary Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 103 Term Description Defaulted not impaired Includes facilities where: ⚫ contractual payments of interest and/or principal are 90 or more calendar days overdue, including overdrafts or other revolving facilities that remain continuously outside approved limits by material amounts for 90 or more calendar days (including accounts for customers who have been granted hardship assistance); or ⚫ an order has been sought for the customer’s bankruptcy or similar legal action has been instituted, which may avoid or delay repayment of its credit obligations; and ⚫ the estimated net realisable value of assets/security to which Westpac has recourse is sufficient to cover repayment of all principal and interest, or where there are otherwise reasonable grounds to expect payment in full and interest is being taken to profit on an accrual basis. These facilities, while in default, are not treated as impaired for accounting purposes. Double default rules Double default applies to exposures where a particular obligor’s exposure has been hedged by the purchase of credit protection from a counterparty and loss will only occur if both obligor and counterparty default. In this instance, capital can be reduced. Exposure at default (EAD) EAD is calculated at facility level and includes outstandings as well as the proportion of committed undrawn that is expected to be drawn in the event of a future default. Extended licensed entity (ELE) An extended licensed entity (ELE) comprises an ADI and any subsidiaries of the ADI that have been approved by APRA as being part of a single ‘stand- alone’ entity. External credit assessment institution (ECAI) ECAI is an external institution recognised by APRA (directly or indirectly) to provide credit assessment in determining the risk-weights on financial institutions’ rated credit exposures (including securitisation exposures). Geography Geographic segmentation of exposures is based on the location of the office in which these items were booked. High-quality liquid assets (HQLA) Assets which meet APRA’s criteria for inclusion as HQLA in the numerator of the LCR. Impaired exposures Includes exposures that have deteriorated to the point where full collection of interest and principal is in doubt, based on an assessment of the customer’s outlook, cashflow, and the net realisation of value of assets to which recourse is held: ⚫ facilities 90 days or more past due, and full recovery is in doubt: exposures where contractual payments are 90 or more days in arrears and the net realisable value of assets to which recourse is held may not be sufficient to allow full collection of interest and principal, including overdrafts or other revolving facilities that remain continuously outside approved limits by material amounts for 90 or more calendar days; ⚫ non-accrual facilities: exposures with individually assessed impairment provisions held against them, excluding restructured loans; ⚫ restructured facilities: exposures where the original contractual terms have been formally modified to provide for concessions of interest or principal for reasons related to the financial difficulties of the customer; ⚫ other assets acquired through security enforcement (includes other real estate owned): includes the value of any other assets acquired as full or partial settlement of outstanding obligations through the enforcement of security arrangements; and ⚫ any other facilities where the full collection of interest and principal is in doubt. |
Pillar 3 report Glossary 104 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Term Description Industry Exposures to businesses, government and other financial institutions are classified into industry clusters based upon groups of related ANZSIC codes. Companies that operate in multiple industries are classified according to their primary industry. Consumer customers as classified as “retail” and not further broken down. Interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) The risk to current and future year interest income arising from a mismatch between the duration of assets and liabilities that arises in the normal course of banking activities. Internal ratings-based approach (IRB & Advanced IRB) These approaches allow banks to use internal estimates of the risks of their loans as inputs into the determination of the amount of credit risk capital needed to support the organisation. In the Advanced IRB approach, banks must supply their own estimates for all three credit parameters – Probability of Default, Loss Given Default and Exposure at Default. Leverage ratio The leverage ratio is defined by APRA as Tier 1 capital divided by the “Exposure measure” and is expressed as a percentage. “Exposure measure” includes on-balance sheet exposures, derivatives exposures, securities financing transaction (SFT) exposures, and other off-balance sheet exposures. Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) An APRA requirement to maintain an adequate level of unencumbered high quality liquid assets, to meet liquidity needs for a 30 calendar day period under an APRA-defined severe stress scenario. Absent a situation of financial stress, the value of the LCR must not be less than 100%. LCR is calculated as the percentage ratio of stock of HQLA, CLF and qualifying Reserve Bank of New Zealand securities over the total net cash out flows in a modelled 30 day defined stressed scenario. Loss given default (LGD) The LGD represents an estimate of the expected severity of a loss to Westpac should a customer default occur during a severe economic downturn. Westpac assigns LGD to each credit facility, assuming an event of default has occurred and taking into account a conservative estimate of the net realisable value of assets to which Westpac has recourse and over which it has security. LGDs also reflect the seniority of exposure in the customer’s capital and debt structure. Maturity The maturity date used is drawn from the contractual maturity date of the customer loans. Mark-to-market related credit risk The risk of mark-to-market losses related to deterioration in the credit quality of a derivative counterparty also referred to as credit valuation adjustment (CVA) risk. Monte Carlo simulation A method of random sampling to achieve numerical solutions to mathematical problems. Net cash outflows Total expected cash outflows minus total expected cash inflows in the specified LCR stress scenario calculated in accordance with APRA’s liquidity standard. Net interest income at risk (NaR) BRiskC approved limit expressed as a defined basis point shock in interest rates over a one year risk horizon. Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) The NSFR is defined as the ratio of the amount of available stable funding (ASF) to the amount of required stable funding (RSF) defined by APRA. The amount of ASF is the portion of an ADI’s capital and liabilities expected to be a reliable source of funds over a one year time horizon. The amount of RSF is a function of the liquidity characteristics and residual maturities of an ADI’s assets and off-balance sheet activities. ADI’s must maintain an NSFR of at least 100%. Off-balance sheet exposure Credit exposures arising from facilities that are not recorded on Westpac's balance sheet (under accounting methodology). Undrawn commitments and the expected future exposure calculated for Westpac's derivative products are included in off-balance sheet exposure. |
Pillar 3 report Glossary Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 105 Term Description On balance sheet exposure Credit exposures arising from facilities that are recorded on Westpac's balance sheet (under accounting methodology). Potential future credit exposure (PFCE) The PFCE for each transaction is calculated by multiplying the effective notional principal amount by a credit conversion factor specified in APS112. Probability of default (PD) Probability of default is a through-the-cycle assessment of the likelihood of a customer defaulting on its financial obligations within one year. Resecuritisation A resecuritisation exposure is a securitisation exposure in which the risk associated with an underlying pool of exposures is tranched and at least one of the underlying exposures is a securitisation exposure. In addition, an exposure to one or more resecuritisation exposures is a resecuritisation exposure; Risk weighted assets (RWA) Assets (both on and off-balance sheet) are risk weighted according to each asset's inherent potential for default and what the likely losses would be in case of default. In the case of non-asset backed risks (i.e. market and operational risk), RWA is determined by multiplying the capital requirements for those risks by 12.5. Securitisation purchased The purchase of third party securitisation exposure, for example residential mortgage backed securities. Securitisation retained Securitisation exposures arising through Westpac originated assets or generated by Westpac third party securitisation activity. Securities financing transactions (SFT) APRA defines SFTs as “transactions such as repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and security lending and borrowing, and margin lending transactions, where the value of the transactions depends on the market valuation of securities and the transactions are typically subject to margin agreements.” Sponsor An ADI would generally be considered a sponsor if it, in fact or substance, manages or advises the securitisation program, places securities into the market, or provide liquidity and/or credit enhancements. Standard model The standard model for Market risk applies supervisory risk weights to trading positions. Stressed VaR (SVaR) Stressed VaR uses the approved VaR model but applies a period of significant market stress. Market risk capital is estimated by adding Stressed VaR to regular VaR. Substitution approach Substitutions refers to the rules governing the circumstances when capital can be reduced because an obligor’s exposure has been hedged by the purchase of credit protection from a counterparty and the counterparty’s PD is used in place of the obligors’ PD. Supervisory Formula Approach (SFA) The SFA applicable to unrated exposures dynamically looks at the type and performance of underlying asset pools funded by the securitisation exposure as well as the structural features of the transaction to determine capital requirements Tier 2 capital Includes other capital elements, which, to varying degrees, fall short of the quality of Tier 1 capital but still contribute to the overall strength of an entity as a gone concern capital. |
Pillar 3 report Glossary 106 | Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report Term Description Trading book Trading book activity represents dealings that encompass book running and distribution activity. The types of market risk arising from trading activity include interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, commodity risk, equity price risk, credit spread risk and volatility risk. Financial Markets and Treasury are responsible for managing market risk arising from Westpac’s trading activity. Value at risk (VaR) VaR is the potential loss in earnings from adverse market movements and is calculated over a one-day time horizon at a 99% confidence level using a minimum of one year of historical rate data. VaR takes account of all material market variables that may cause a change in the value of the trading portfolio and the banking book including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, price changes, volatility, and the correlation among these variables. Exchange rates The following exchange rates were used in the Westpac Pillar 3 report, and reflect spot rates for the period end. $ 31 March 2022 30 September 2021 31 March 2021 USD 0.7481 0.7205 0.7596 GBP 0.5704 0.5359 0.5536 NZD 1.0760 1.0477 1.0892 EUR 0.6704 0.6211 0.6487 |
Pillar 3 report Disclosure regarding forward-looking statements Westpac Group March 2022 Pillar 3 report | 107 The information contained in this report contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements are statements about matters that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this report and include statements regarding Westpac’s intent, belief or current expectations with respect to its business and operations, macro and micro economic and market conditions, results of operations and financial condition. Words such as ‘will’, ‘may’, ‘expect’, ‘indicative’, ‘intend’, ‘seek’, ‘would’, ‘should’, ‘could’, ‘continue’, ‘plan’, ‘aim’, ‘probability’, ‘risk’, ‘forecast’, ‘likely’, ‘estimate’, ‘anticipate’, ‘believe’ or other similar words are used to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect Westpac’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to change, certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions which are, in many instances, beyond Westpac’s control and have been made based upon management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect upon Westpac. There can be no assurance that future developments will be in accordance with Westpac’s expectations or that the effect of future developments on Westpac will be those anticipated. Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the expectations described in this report. Factors that may impact on the forward-looking statements made include, but are not limited to, those described in the section entitled ‘Risk factors’ in the Directors’ report included in Westpac’s 2022 Interim Financial Results Announcement, as well as the ongoing impact of COVID-19. When relying on forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to Westpac, investors and others should carefully consider such factors and other uncertainties and events. Westpac is under no obligation, and does not intend, to update any forward-looking statements contained in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this report. |