As previously announced, on July 11, 2022, the Board of Directors of Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s authorized, issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a ratio of one (1) share of common stock for every ten (10) shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Company filed a Certificate of Change (the “Certificate of Change”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to effectuate the Reverse Stock Split on July 21, 2022. The Reverse Stock Split was effective as of 12:01 a.m. (Eastern Time) on July 25, 2022 (the “Effective Time”) and the Company’s common stock began trading on the NYSE American on a post-split basis when the market opened on July 25, 2022.

Pursuant to the laws of the State of Nevada, the Company’s state of incorporation, the Company’s Board of Directors has the authority to effect a reverse stock split without shareholder approval if the number of authorized shares of common stock and the number of outstanding shares of common stock are proportionally reduced.

Split Adjustment; Treatment of Fractional Shares

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, each ten (10) shares of common stock outstanding will automatically combine into one (1) new share of common stock without any action on the part of the holders, and the number of outstanding shares common stock will be reduced from 158,437,840 shares to 15,843,784 shares (subject to rounding of fractional shares).

No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who otherwise would be entitled to receive fractional shares because they hold a number of pre-reverse stock split shares of the Company’s common stock not evenly divisible by 10, will, in lieu of a fractional share, automatically be entitled to receive an additional fractional share of the Company’s common stock to round up to the next whole number. The Company will issue one whole share of the post-Reverse Stock Split common stock to any stockholder who otherwise would have received a fractional share as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. As a result, no fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split and no cash or other consideration will be paid in connection with any fractional shares that would otherwise have resulted from the Reverse Stock Split.

NYSE American Compliance

The Reverse Stock Split is being effected to meet the per share price requirements of the NYSE American, the Company’s current listing exchange. If the Company’s common stock were to fall below $0.20 per share on a 30-trading-day average, it may become subject to the continued listing evaluation and follow-up proceedings set forth in Section 1009 of the NYSE American Company Guide, which could, among other things, result in noncompliance with certain NYSE American continued listing standards.

Certificated and Non-Certificated Shares

The Company’s transfer agent, Equiniti Trust Company (“Equiniti”), is also acting as the exchange agent for the Reverse Stock Split, will send instructions to stockholders of record who hold stock certificates regarding the exchange of their old certificates for new certificates, should they wish to do so. Equiniti will issue a new stock certificate reflecting the Reverse Stock Split to each requesting stockholder. Stockholders who hold their shares in brokerage accounts or “street name” are not required to take action to effect the exchange of their share, as the effect of the Reverse Stock Split will automatically be reflected in their brokerage accounts.

All book-entry or other electronic positions representing issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock will be automatically adjusted. Those stockholders holding common stock in “street name” will receive instructions from their brokers.

Capitalization; Adjustment of Outstanding Securities

The Reverse Stock Split did not alter the par value of the Company’s common stock or modify any voting rights or other terms of the common stock.

In addition, pursuant to their terms, a proportionate adjustment will be made to the per share exercise price and number of shares issuable under all of the Company’s outstanding shares of preferred stock and stock options and warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and the number of shares authorized and reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans will be reduced proportionately.

Trading Symbol; New CUSIP

After the Reverse Stock Split, the trading symbol for the Company’s common stock will continue to be “SYN.” The new CUSIP number for the Company’s common stock following the Reverse Stock Split is 87164U409.

Certificate of Change

The above description of the Certificate of Change and the Reverse Stock Split is a summary of the material terms thereof and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Certificate of Change, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.1, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on July 21, 2022 (effective as of July 25, 2022).