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Exhibit 99.1

KINROSS GOLD CORPORATION

ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

Dated March 31, 2023

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IMPORTANT NOTICE

ABOUT INFORMATION IN THIS ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

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Unless specifically stated otherwise in this Annual Information Form:

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

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All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained or incorporated by reference in this Annual Information Form (“AIF”) including, but not limited to, any information as to the future financial or operating performance of Kinross, constitute “forward-looking information” or “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of certain securities laws, including the provisions of the Securities Act (Ontario) and the provisions for “safe harbor” under the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are based on expectations, estimates and projections as of the date of this AIF. Forward-looking statements contained in this AIF, include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to our guidance for production, cost guidance, including production costs of sales, all-in sustaining cost of sales, and capital expenditures; statements with respect to our guidance for cash flow and free cash flow; the declaration, payment and sustainability of the Company’s dividends or share repurchases; identification of additional resources and reserves; the Company’s liquidity; the identification of future mineral resources, as well as references to other possible events, the future price of gold and silver, the timing and amount of estimated future production, costs of production, operating costs; price inflation; capital expenditures, costs and timing of the development of projects and new deposits, optimization of mine plans; exploration plans; estimates and the realization of such estimates (such as mineral or gold reserves and resources or mine life), success of exploration, development and mining, currency fluctuations, capital requirements, project studies, government regulation, permit applications, restarting suspended or disrupted operations; environmental risks and proceedings; and resolution of pending litigation. The words “additional”, “advance”, “anticipate”, “assumption”, “believe”, “budget”, “consideration”, “continue”, “develop”, “enhancement”, “estimates”, “expand”, “expects”, “explore”, “extend”, “forecast”, “goal”, “focus”, “forward”, “future”, “guidance”, “indicate”, “initiative”, “intend”, “measures”, “opportunity”, “optimize”, “outlook”, “phase”, “plan”, “possible”, “potential”, “priority”, “proceeding”, “progress”, “project”, “prospect”, “prospective”, “schedule”, “seek”, “study”, “target”, or variations of or similar such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results may, could, should or will be achieved, received or taken, or will occur or result and similar such expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Kinross as of the date of such statements, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. The estimates, models and assumptions of Kinross referenced, contained or incorporated by reference in this AIF, which may prove to be incorrect, include, but are not limited to, the various assumptions set forth herein and in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as: (1) there being no significant disruptions affecting the operations of the Company, whether due to extreme weather events (including, without limitation, excessive or lack of rainfall, in particular, the potential for further production curtailments at Paracatu resulting from insufficient rainfall and the operational challenges at Fort Knox and Bald Mountain resulting from excessive rainfall, which can impact costs and/or production) and other or related natural disasters, labour disruptions (including but not limited to strikes or workforce reductions), supply disruptions, power disruptions, damage to equipment, pit wall slides or otherwise; (2) permitting, development, operations and production from the Company’s operations and development projects being consistent with Kinross’ current expectations including, without limitation: the maintenance of existing permits and approvals and the timely receipt of all permits and authorizations necessary for the operation of Tasiast; water and power supply and continued operation of the tailings reprocessing facility at Paracatu; permitting of the Great Bear project (including the consultation process with Indigenous groups), permitting and development of the Lobo-Marte project; ramp-up of production at the La Coipa project; in each case in a manner consistent with the Company’s expectations; and the successful completion of exploration consistent with the Company’s expectations at the Company’s projects; (3) political and legal developments in any jurisdiction in which the Company operates being consistent with its current expectations including, without limitation, restrictions or penalties imposed, or actions taken, by any government, including but not limited to amendments to the mining laws, and potential power rationing and

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tailings facility regulations in Brazil (including those related to financial assurance requirements), potential amendments to water laws and/or other water use restrictions and regulatory actions in Chile, new dam safety regulations, potential amendments to minerals and mining laws and energy levies laws, new regulations relating to work permits, potential amendments to customs and mining laws (including but not limited to amendments to the value-added tax (“VAT”) and the potential application of the tax code in Mauritania, potential amendments to and enforcement of tax laws in Mauritania (including, but not limited to, the interpretation, implementation, application and enforcement of any such laws and amendments thereto), and the impact of any trade tariffs being consistent with Kinross’ current expectations; (4) the completion of studies, including optimization studies, improvement studies; scoping studies and preliminary economic assessments, pre-feasibility and feasibility studies, on the timelines currently expected and the results of those studies being consistent with Kinross’ current expectations; (5) the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar, Brazilian real, Chilean peso, Mauritanian ouguiya and the U.S. dollar being approximately consistent with current levels; (6) certain price assumptions for gold and silver; (7) prices for diesel, natural gas, fuel oil, electricity and other key supplies being approximately consistent with the Company’s expectations; (8) attributable production and cost of sales forecasts for the Company meeting expectations; (9) the accuracy of: the current mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates of the Company and Kinross’ analysis thereof being consistent with expectations (including but not limited to ore tonnage and ore grade estimates), future mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates being consistent with preliminary work undertaken by the Company, mine plans for the Company’s current and future mining operations, and the Company’s internal models; (10) labour and materials costs increasing on a basis consistent with Kinross’ current expectations; (11) the terms and conditions of the legal and fiscal stability agreements for Tasiast being interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with their intent and Kinross’ expectations and without material amendment or formal dispute (including without limitation the application of tax, customs and duties exemptions and royalties); (12) asset impairment potential; (13) the regulatory and legislative regime regarding mining, electricity production and transmission (including rules related to power tariffs) in Brazil being consistent with Kinross’ current expectations; (14) access to capital markets, including but not limited to maintaining our current credit ratings consistent with the Company’s current expectations; (15) potential direct or indirect operational impacts resulting from infectious diseases or pandemics such as COVID-19; (16) changes in national and local government legislation or other government actions; (17) litigation, regulatory proceedings and audits, and the potential ramifications thereof, being concluded in a manner consistent with the Corporation’s expectations (including without limitation litigation in Chile relating to the alleged damage of wetlands and the scope of any remediation plan or other environmental obligations arising therefrom); (18) the Company’s financial results, cash flows and future prospects being consistent with Company expectations in amounts sufficient to permit sustained share repurchases and dividend payments; (19) the impacts of detected pit wall instability at Round Mountain and Bald Mountain being consistent with the Company’s expectations; (20) the Company’s estimates regarding the timing of completion of the Tasiast 24k project; and (21) that deferred payments in respect of the Russia or Ghana divestitures will be paid and, in the event any deferred payment is not paid, the applicable security packages will be realized and enforceable in a manner consistent with the Company’s expectations. Known and unknown factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to: the inaccuracy of any of the foregoing assumptions; fluctuations in the currency markets; fluctuations in the spot and forward price of gold or certain other commodities (such as fuel and electricity); price inflation of goods and services; changes in the discount rates applied to calculate the present value of net future cash flows based on country-specific real weighted average cost of capital; changes in the market valuations of peer group gold producers and the Company, and the resulting impact on market price to net asset value multiples; changes in various market variables, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, gold or silver prices and lease rates, or global fuel prices, that could impact the mark-to-market value of outstanding derivative instruments and ongoing payments/receipts under any financial obligations; risks arising from holding derivative instruments (such as credit risk, market liquidity risk and mark-to-market risk); changes in national and local government legislation, taxation (including but not limited to income tax, advance income tax, stamp tax, withholding tax, capital tax, tariffs, value-added or sales tax, capital outflow tax, capital gains tax, windfall or windfall profits tax, production royalties, excise tax, customs/import or export taxes/duties, asset taxes, asset transfer tax, property use or other real estate tax, together with any related fine, penalty, surcharge, or interest imposed in connection with such taxes), controls, policies and regulations; the security of personnel and assets; political or economic developments in Canada, the United States, Chile, Brazil, Mauritania or other countries in which Kinross does business or may carry on business; business opportunities that may be presented to, or pursued by, us; our ability to successfully integrate acquisitions and complete divestitures; operating or technical difficulties in connection with mining, development or refining activities; employee relations; litigation or other claims against, or regulatory investigations and/or any enforcement actions, administrative orders or sanctions in respect of the Company (and/or its directors, officers, or employees) including, but not limited to, securities class action litigation in Canada and/or the United States, environmental litigation or regulatory proceedings or any investigations, enforcement actions and/or sanctions under any applicable anti-corruption, international sanctions and/or anti-money laundering laws and regulations in Canada, the United States or any other applicable jurisdiction; the speculative nature of gold exploration and development including, but not limited to, the risks of obtaining necessary licenses and permits; diminishing quantities or grades of reserves; adverse changes in our credit ratings; and contests over title to properties, particularly title to undeveloped properties. In addition, there are risks and hazards associated with the

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business of gold exploration, development and mining, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected formations, pressures, cave-ins, flooding and gold bullion losses (and the risk of inadequate insurance, or the inability to obtain insurance, to cover these risks). Many of these uncertainties and contingencies can directly or indirectly affect, and could cause, Kinross’ actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, Kinross, including but not limited to resulting in an impairment charge on goodwill and/or assets. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Forward-looking statements are provided for the purpose of providing information about management’s expectations and plans relating to the future. All of the forward-looking statements made in this AIF, including but not limited to the “Risk Factors” section hereof, are qualified by this cautionary statement and those made in our other filings with the securities regulators of Canada and the United States including, but not limited to, the cautionary statements made in the “Risk Analysis” section of our MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2022. These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the factors that could affect Kinross. Kinross disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements or to explain any material difference between subsequent actual events and such forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable law.

CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Kinross Gold Corporation was initially created in May 1993 by the amalgamation of CMP Resources Ltd., Plexus Resources Corporation, and 1021105 Ontario Corp. In December 2000, Kinross amalgamated with LT Acquisition Inc.; in January 2005, Kinross amalgamated with its wholly-owned subsidiary, TVX Gold Inc. (“TVX”); in January 2006, it amalgamated with its wholly-owned subsidiary, Echo Bay Mines Ltd. (“Echo Bay”); and in January 2011, it amalgamated with Underworld Resources Inc. Kinross is the continuing entity resulting from these amalgamations. Kinross is governed by the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) and its registered and principal offices are located at 25 York Street, 17^th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2V5.

Each of Kinross’ mining operations is a separate business unit. Operations are overseen by a general manager, employed by Kinross or the applicable foreign subsidiary, who reports to the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. Global exploration strategies, corporate financing, tax, additional technical support services, hedging and acquisition strategies are managed centrally. Execution of site/regional operations and exploration strategies is managed locally. Kinross’ enterprise risk management programs are subject to overview by its Audit and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors (as defined below).

A significant portion of Kinross’ business is carried on through subsidiaries. A chart showing the names of the significant subsidiaries of Kinross, as of December 31, 2022, is set out below. All subsidiaries are 100% owned (directly or indirectly) unless otherwise noted.

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Subsidiary Governance and Internal Controls

Kinross has systems of governance, internal control over financial consolidation and reporting, and disclosure controls and procedures that apply at all levels of the Company and its subsidiaries, including those that operate in emerging markets. These systems are overseen by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) and are implemented by the Company’s senior management, and the senior management of its subsidiaries. The relevant features of these systems include:

Control over Subsidiaries. All of the Company’s subsidiaries are wholly-owned or controlled unless otherwise noted. Operations are overseen by a general manager employed by Kinross or the applicable foreign subsidiary, who reports to the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. Each of the subsidiaries legally owns or controls its operating assets, and the subsidiaries’ operational decisions are localized. Kinross, as the ultimate sole shareholder, has internal policies and systems in place which provide it with visibility into the operations of its subsidiaries, including its subsidiaries operating in emerging markets, and the Company’s management team is responsible for monitoring the activities of the subsidiaries.

Further, the board of directors (or similar governing body) of each subsidiary is appointed by the shareholders of such subsidiary. Directors (or those holding similar positions) may be replaced at any time by a written resolution of the shareholders (or equivalent corporate action under applicable law). Through its corporate structure, Kinross has the power to directly or indirectly appoint and replace the board members of each wholly owned subsidiary¹, including those operating in emerging markets. The boards of directors (or similar governing bodies under applicable law) of Kinross’ subsidiaries (including those operating in emerging markets) act with regard to their respective fiduciary duties in the interests of the respective subsidiaries and in accordance with applicable corporate procedures, and are also accountable to Kinross and its Board of Directors and senior management.

With respect to the bank accounts of subsidiaries, Kinross has internal controls that require each of the Company’s subsidiaries to notify the Company’s treasury team before opening or closing any bank accounts. Kinross’ treasury team is also responsible for generally monitoring the activity within all such bank accounts on an ongoing basis via a web-based global treasury management system and/or web-based account access provided by the applicable financial institution to the extent available.

Strategic Direction. While the operations of each of the Company’s subsidiaries are managed locally, certain exploration strategies, external corporate financing, tax governance, additional technical support services, hedging and acquisition strategies are established centrally by the Company’s management, and, on consideration, implemented accordingly by senior management of applicable subsidiaries under the oversight of their respective boards of directors. Each operating subsidiary is responsible for the development and execution of its own risk management programs based on the enterprise risk management process established by the Company. The subsidiaries report a summary of their respective risk registers to the Company’s management on a quarterly basis which is then aggregated and summarized for reporting to the Audit and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors.

Financial Reporting. Kinross prepares its consolidated financial statements and the financial information presented in its Management’s Discussion & Analysis (“MD&A”) on a quarterly and annual basis in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”), which includes financial information and disclosures from its subsidiaries. The Company has internal controls over the preparation of its financial statements and other financial disclosures to provide reasonable assurance that its financial reporting is reliable and that the quarterly and annual financial statements and the financial information presented in its MD&A are being prepared in accordance with IFRS and applicable securities laws. These internal controls include the following:

¹ Kinross has the power to appoint and replace two of the three members of the Management Committee at Peak Gold, LLC. Our joint venture partner Contango ORE, Inc. has the power to appoint and replace the third member of the Management Committee.

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Pursuant to regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and those of the Canadian Securities Administrators, Kinross’ management evaluates the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. This evaluation is done under the supervision of, and with the participation of, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

These systems of corporate governance, internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures are designed to enable, among other things, Kinross to have access to all material information about its subsidiaries, including those operating in emerging markets.

Fund Transfers from the Company’s Subsidiaries

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have a long history of operating in emerging markets. As noted in the Three-Year History section in this AIF, other than the period between March 2022 and the date of the divestiture of Kinross' Russian operations in June 2022, Kinross has not had any material issues with respect to transferring funds from, to or within emerging markets. Sanctions imposed by the United States, Canada and the European Union in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and counter sanctions enacted by the Russian Federation, prevented certain of the Company’s subsidiaries from transferring funds out of the Russian Federation and placed limitations on the Company’s ability to transfer funds into the Russian Federation after February 2022 in order to remain compliant with all applicable laws. In all other countries that Kinross operates in, funds are transferred to, from or among Kinross’ subsidiaries pursuant to a variety of methods which include the following: chargeback of costs undertaken on behalf of the subsidiaries via intercompany invoices; advances and repayment of intercompany loans and related interest expenses; capital contributions; equity purchases; returns of capital and dividend declaration/payment by the subsidiaries. The method of transfer is dependent on the operational, financing or

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other arrangement established amongst Kinross and/or its applicable subsidiaries. All fund transfers from Kinross’ subsidiaries are in compliance with applicable law.

Records Management of the Company’s Subsidiaries

As required by applicable law, original copies of all corporate records are required to be maintained in the language of, and stored at the offices of, each subsidiary in the jurisdiction of incorporation. However, where practical, a duplicate set of corporate records for certain subsidiaries is maintained at Kinross’ head office in Toronto. Kinross also maintains a web-based global entity management system for recording such corporate information and documents which is regularly monitored and updated by Kinross’ corporate secretarial team and/or the regional legal teams.

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

Overview

Kinross is principally engaged in the mining and processing of gold and, as a by-product, silver ore and the exploration for, and the acquisition of, gold bearing properties in the Americas, West Africa and worldwide. The principal products of Kinross are gold and silver produced in the form of doré that is shipped to refineries for final processing.

Kinross’ strategy is to increase shareholder value through increases in precious metal reserves, net asset value, production, long-term cash flow and earnings per share. Kinross’ strategy also consists of optimizing the performance, and therefore, the value, of existing operations, investing in quality exploration and development projects and acquiring new potentially accretive properties and projects.

Kinross’ operations and mineral reserves are impacted by, among other things, changes in metal prices. The average gold price for 2022 based on the London Bullion Market Association PM Benchmark was $1,800.00 per ounce ($1,799.00 per ounce during 2021). Kinross used a gold price of $1,400.00 per ounce at the end of 2022 to estimate mineral reserves.

Kinross’ estimated proven and probable mineral reserves as at December 31, 2022, was 25.5 Moz. of gold and 36.1 Moz. of silver.

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Three-Year History

On September 30, 2020, Kinross announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire a 70% interest in the Peak project in Alaska from Royal Gold, Inc. and Contango ORE, Inc. (“Contango”) for total cash consideration of $93.7 million. Going forward the Company, in consultation with the local community, has agreed to change the name to the Manh Choh project. Kinross has broad authority to construct and operate the Manh Choh project, with Contango retaining a 30% non-operating minority interest in the project.

On June 1, 2021, Kinross redeemed all of its outstanding 5.125% Senior Notes due September 1, 2021, which had an aggregate principal amount of $500.0 million.

On June 16, 2021, Kinross announced the temporary suspension of mill operations at its Tasiast mine in Mauritania due to a fire that occurred on June 15, 2021. On November 10, 2021, Kinross announced that mill operations had re-started at its Tasiast mine at costs below original estimates. Kinross has received a total of $167.1 million in insurance recoveries as of March 31, 2023 in respect of the fire.

On July 15, 2021, Kinross announced it had signed a definitive agreement with the Government of Mauritania ("Government") with respect to its Tasiast mine and the primary exploitation permit held by Tasiast Mauritanie Limited S.A. ("TMLSA"), which includes the following key terms: (i) the continuation of tax exemptions on fuel duties², (ii) the repayment by the Government to Kinross of approximately $40 million in outstanding VAT refunds³, (iii) the payment by the Company to the Government of $10 million to resolve disputed matters², (iv) the introduction of an updated escalating royalty structure² tied to the gold price that aligns with current Mauritanian mining legislation and is comparable to other royalties in the region, and (v) the nomination of two observers by the Government to the Board of Directors of the Kinross subsidiary operating the Tasiast mine. Tasiast Sud is not included in this simplified agreement and is not part of the 24k expansion project.

On December 8, 2021, Kinross announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with Great Bear Resources Ltd. (“Great Bear”) to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Great Bear through a plan of arrangement (the “Arrangement”) and the acquisition was officially completed on February 24, 2022. Kinross agreed to an upfront payment of approximately $1.4 billion (C$1.8 billion), representing C$29.00 per Great Bear common share paid through a combination of cash and Kinross common shares. The arrangement also includes payment of contingent consideration in the form of a contingent value right that may be exchanged for 0.1330 of a Kinross common share per Great Bear common share, representing further potential consideration of approximately $46.0 million (C$58.2 million). The contingent consideration has a ten-year term and will be payable in connection with Kinross’ public announcement of commercial production at the Great Bear project, provided that at least 8.5 million gold ounces of mineral reserves and measured and indicated mineral resources are disclosed.

On March 7, 2022, Kinross entered into a new $1.0 billion term loan that will mature on March 7, 2025, has no mandatory amortization payments, and has a flexible repayment schedule. Kinross used the proceeds from such term loan to repay amounts drawn under its $1.5 billion revolving credit facility in connection with the closing of its acquisition of Great Bear Resources Ltd.

On April 5, 2022, Kinross announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with the Highland Gold Mining group of companies ("Highland Gold") and its affiliates to sell 100% of its Russian assets for total consideration of $680.0 million in cash. Following a review of the transaction by the Russian Sub-commission of the Control of Foreign Investments, which approved the transaction for a purchase price not exceeding $340.0 million, the parties adjusted the total consideration to $340.0 million in cash, with $300.0 million due on closing and $40.0 million due on the one year-anniversary of closing the transaction. The transaction closed on June 15, 2022.

On April 25, 2022, Kinross announced that it had entered into a sale agreement with Asante Gold Corporation ("Asante") to sell its 90% interest in the Chirano mine in Ghana for a total consideration of $225.0 million in cash and shares. The transaction closed on August 10, 2022. In accordance with the sale agreement, the Company received $60.0 million in cash and 34,962,584 Asante shares on closing, with the remaining cash consideration to be paid across several payments due between February and May 2023 totaling $55.0 million plus interest, and $36.9 million due on each of the one-year and two-year anniversaries of closing.

² The fuel tax exemption and updated royalty structure were effective on July 1, 2020

³ The VAT refund payments are scheduled over a five-year period.

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On August 4, 2022, the Company amended its $1.5 billion revolving credit facility to extend the maturity by one year to August 4, 2027.

On September 19, 2022, Kinross announced an enhanced share buyback program. In 2023 and 2024, Kinross expects to allocate 75% of its excess cash (in this case, defined as free cash flow⁴ after paying interest and dividends) to share buybacks but such buybacks will only take place if the Company's net leverage ratio is below 1.7:1, which was the ratio at the time of the announcement. On September 29, 2022, Kinross received approval from the Toronto Stock Exchange to increase its normal course issuer bid ("NCIB") program. Under the amended NCIB program, the Company is authorized to purchase up to 10% of the Company's public float, during the period starting on August 3, 2022 and ending on August 2, 2023.

In addition, as of December 31, 2022, Kinross held a 100% interest in the Fort Knox mine in Alaska, United States, a 100% interest in the Round Mountain mine in Nevada, United States, a 100% interest in the Bald Mountain mine in Nevada, United States, a 100% interest in the La Coipa mine in Chile, a 100% interest in the Lobo-Marte project in Chile, a 100% interest in the Maricunga property in Chile, a 70% interest in the Manh Choh project in Alaska, a 100% interest in the Great Bear project in Ontario, Canada and other mining properties in various stages of exploration, development, reclamation, and closure.

Employees

At December 31, 2022, Kinross and its subsidiaries employed approximately 6,400 employees. In Brazil, a new collective agreement for Paracatu was signed on April 4, 2022 and expires on January 31, 2024. In Chile, there is currently a collective agreement in place for La Coipa, which was signed on October 3, 2022 and expires on December 31, 2025. In Mauritania, a new collective agreement was signed in Q4 2022 and is valid until December 31, 2025 after which it will automatically renew for a second 3 year term unless one of the parties provides notice of non-renewal. All of Kinross’ employees in the United States, Canada, Spain and the Netherlands are non-unionized.

Competitive Conditions

The precious metal mineral exploration and mining business is a competitive business. Kinross competes with numerous other companies and individuals in the search for and the acquisition of attractive precious metal mineral properties. The ability of Kinross to replace or increase its mineral reserves and mineral resources in the future will depend not only on its ability to develop its present properties, but also on its ability to select and acquire suitable producing properties or prospects for precious metal development or mineral exploration.

⁴ Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure and may not be comparable to similar measures used by other issuers. For further details, including quantitative reconciliation, see Section 11 - Supplemental Information of Kinross’ MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is incorporated by reference herein and as filed on the company’s website at www.kinross.com, on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

⁵ The Paracatu and Tasiast properties are subject to various royalties (see “Kinross Material Properties” – “Paracatu, Brazil” and “Tasiast, Mauritania”).

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Environmental Protection

Kinross’ projects, exploration, activities, mining and processing operations are subject to the federal, state, provincial, regional and local environmental laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which Kinross’ activities and facilities are located. For example, in the United States, Kinross is subject to a number of such laws and regulations including, without limitation: the Clean Air Act; the Clean Water Act; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act; the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act; the Endangered Species Act; the Federal Land Policy and Management Act; the National Environmental Policy Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and related state laws.

Kinross is subject to similar laws in other jurisdictions in which it operates. In all jurisdictions in which Kinross operates, environmental licenses, permits and other regulatory approvals are required to engage in projects, exploration, mining and processing, and mine closure activities. Regulatory approval of a detailed plan of operations and an environmental impact assessment is required prior to initiating mining or processing activities or for any substantive change to previously approved plans. In all jurisdictions in which Kinross operates, specific statutory and regulatory requirements must be met throughout the life of the mining or processing operations in regard to air quality, water quality, fisheries, wildlife and biodiversity protection, archaeological and cultural resources, solid and hazardous waste management and disposal, the management and transportation of hazardous chemicals, toxic substances, noise, community right-to-know, land use, and reclamation. Except as may be otherwise disclosed herein, Kinross is currently in compliance, in all material respects, with all material applicable environmental laws and regulations. Details and quantification of the Company’s reclamation and remediation obligations are set out in Note 13 of the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2022.

As part of Kinross’ Corporate Responsibility Management System, Kinross has implemented corporate environmental governance programs including:

POLICY - The Corporate Safety & Sustainability Policy sets the overall expectations for maintaining environmental compliance, managing our environmental footprint, and systematic monitoring of our environmental performance. The policy assigns accountabilities to implement those expectations, which apply to all stages of exploration, development, operation and closure.

STANDARDS – Corporate environmental management standards provide a clear bottom line for all Kinross activities in all jurisdictions in which we carry on business. Where legal requirements are unclear, Kinross’ environmental management standards provide direction regarding performance expectations and minimum design and operating requirements.

An example of this is Kinross’ adoption of the standards outlined in the International Cyanide Management Code for the Manufacture, Transport and Use of Cyanide in the Production of Gold (the “Cyanide Code”). Kinross is a signatory to the Cyanide Code, which is administered by the International Cyanide Management Institute (the “ICMI”). The ICMI is an independent body that was established by a multi-stakeholder group under the guidance of the United Nations Environmental Program. The ICMI established operating standards for cyanide manufacturers, transporters and mines and provides for third party certification of facilities’ compliance with the Cyanide Code. All Kinross operations have either already been certified as compliant with the Cyanide Code or are in the process of being certified.

AUDITS – Safety & sustainability audits are conducted at all operations and at selected residual properties on a triennial basis. The audit program assesses compliance with applicable legal requirements, measures effectiveness of management systems, and includes procedures to ensure timely follow-up on audit findings. Audit topics for detailed review are based on site-specific risks.

METRICS - Kinross has identified operational parameters that are key indicators of environmental performance, and measures these indicators on a regular basis. The Company tracks an index of these key performance indicators and sets performance targets to encourage continuous environmental improvement. Many of these figures are made available externally and follow the Global Reporting Initiative and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board's expected reporting standards, and fulfill Kinross' commitment as a participant in the UN Global Compact.

ENGINEERING - To effectively manage environmental risk, programs are in place to assess the management and stability of tailings and other engineered facilities. They include water balance accounting, to assure sufficient storage capacity, and effective operational procedures. Every Kinross operation has a tailings or heap management plan in place, and tailings facilities are the subject of periodic review by independent experts. In addition, Kinross performs periodic assessments of engineered systems to assure adequate systems are in place to minimize or eliminate environmental risks.

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RECLAMATION - Kinross recognizes its responsibility to manage the environmental change associated with its operations, and requires all sites to develop and maintain reclamation and closure plans to address the Company’s reclamation and closure obligations in accordance with applicable local regulations and Kinross’ corporate environmental management standards.

The results of these programs have been recognized by others within and outside the mining industry. Examples of significant recognition of Kinross’ efforts are listed on Kinross’ website at www.kinross.com.

Operations

Kinross’ total gold equivalent production from continuing operations⁶ in 2022 was derived from the mines in the Americas (72%) and West Africa (28%). The following shows the location of Kinross’ properties as of the date hereof.

Included in gold equivalent production and sales is silver production and sales, as applicable, converted into gold production using a ratio of the average spot market prices of gold and silver for each of the three comparative years. The ratios were 82:90:1 in 2022, 71.51:1 in 2021 and 86.32:1 in 2020.

⁶ Results from continuing operations for 2022 exclude the Company's Russian and Ghanaian operations due to the divestiture of these operations and their classification as discontinued as at December 31, 2022.

⁷ Results from continuing operations for 2022, along with 2021 and 2020 comparative figures exclude the Company’s Russian and Ghanaian operations due to the divestiture of these operations and their classification as discontinued as at December 31, 2022.

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The following table sets forth the total gold equivalent production from continuing operations⁷ (in ounces) during the last three years:

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Marketing

Gold is a metal that is traded on world markets, with benchmark prices generally based on the London market. Gold has two principal uses: product fabrication and bullion investment. Fabricated gold has a wide variety of end uses, including jewelry manufacture (the largest fabrication component), electronics, dentistry, industrial and decorative uses, medals, medallions, and official coins. Gold bullion is held primarily as a store of value and a safeguard against devaluation of paper assets denominated in fiat currencies. Kinross sells all of its refined gold to banks, and refiners. In 2022, sales from continuing operations⁷ to its top five customers totaled $534.9 million, $521.8 million, $443.4 million, $411.6 million and $401.3 million, respectively, for an aggregate of $2,313.0 million. In 2021, sales from continuing operations⁷ to its top five customers totaled $397.8 million, $350.7 million, $292.8 million, $278.9 million and $271.2 million respectively, for an aggregate of $1,591.4 million. Due to the size of the bullion market and the above ground inventory of bullion, activities by Kinross will generally not influence gold prices. Kinross believes that the loss of any of these customers would have no material adverse impact on Kinross because of the active worldwide market for gold.

The following table sets forth for the years indicated the high and low London Bullion Market Association PM benchmark prices for gold:

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Kinross Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources

Throughout this AIF mineral resources are presented exclusive of mineral reserves.

Definitions

The estimated mineral reserves and mineral resources for Kinross’ properties have been calculated in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (“CIM”) – Definitions Adopted by CIM Council on May 10, 2014 (the “CIM Standards”) which are incorporated in the Canadian Securities Administrators’ National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. The following definitions are reproduced from the CIM Standards:

A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade or quality, continuity and other geological characteristics of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge, including sampling.

An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. Geological evidence is sufficient to imply but not verify geological and grade or quality continuity. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to an Indicated Mineral Resource and must not be converted to a Mineral Reserve. It is reasonably expected that the majority of Inferred Mineral Resources could be upgraded to Indicated Mineral Resources with continued exploration.

An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics are estimated with sufficient confidence to allow the application of Modifying Factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from adequately detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing and is sufficient to assume geological and grade or quality continuity between points of observation. An Indicated Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to a Measured Mineral Resource and may only be converted to a Probable Mineral Reserve.

A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics are estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the application of Modifying Factors to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing and is sufficient to confirm geological and grade or quality continuity between points of observation. A Measured Mineral Resource has a higher level of confidence than that applying to either an Indicated Mineral Resource or an Inferred Mineral Resource. It may be converted to a Proven Mineral Reserve or to a Probable Mineral Reserve.

A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses, which may occur when the material is mined or extracted and is defined by studies at Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility level as appropriate that include application of Modifying Factors. Such studies demonstrate that, at the time of reporting, extraction could reasonably be justified. The reference point at which Mineral Reserves are defined, usually the point where the ore is delivered to the processing plant, must be stated. It is important that, in all situations where the reference point is different, such as for a saleable product, a clarifying statement is included to ensure that the reader is fully informed as to what is being reported. The public disclosure of a Mineral Reserve must be demonstrated by a Pre-Feasibility Study or Feasibility Study.

A Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of an Indicated Mineral Reserve, and in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource. The confidence in the Modifying Factors applying to a Probable Mineral Reserve is lower than that applying to a Proven Mineral Reserve. The qualified person(s) may elect to convert Measured Mineral Resources to Probable Mineral Reserves if the confidence in the Modifying Factors is lower than that applied to a Proven Mineral Reserve. Probable Mineral Reserve estimates must be demonstrated to be economic, at the time of reporting, by at least a Pre-Feasibility Study.

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A Proven Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource. A Proven Mineral Reserve implies a high degree of confidence in the Modifying Factors. Application of the Proven Mineral Reserve category implies that the qualified person has the highest degree of confidence in the estimate with the consequent expectation in the minds of the readers of the report. The term should be restricted to that part of the deposit where production planning is taking place and for which any variation in the estimate would not significantly affect the potential economic viability of the deposit. Proven Mineral Reserve estimates must be demonstrated to be economic, at the time of reporting, by at least a Pre-Feasibility Study. Within the CIM Standards, the term Proved Mineral Reserve is an equivalent term to a Proven Mineral Reserve.

Modifying Factors are considerations used to convert Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves. These include, but are not restricted to, mining, processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors.

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Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource Estimates

The following tables set forth the estimated mineral reserves and mineral resources attributable to interests held by Kinross for each of its properties:

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