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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 001-39918

(208) 901-3060

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, an emerging growth company, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of May 5, 2023, the registrant had 63,165,367 common shares outstanding.

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PERPETUA RESOURCES CORP.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of “safe harbor” provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report, regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this Quarterly Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “outlook,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “can,” the negatives thereof, variations thereon and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. Forward-looking statements are based on certain estimates, beliefs, expectations and assumptions made in light of management’s experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that may be appropriate.

Forward-looking statements necessarily involve unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Due to the risks, uncertainties and assumptions inherent in forward-looking information, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects can be found in Item 1A, Risk Factors, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in Item 1A, Risk Factors and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

Statements concerning mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates may also be deemed to constitute forward-looking information to the extent that such statements involve estimates of the mineralization that may be encountered if a property is developed.

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With respect to forward-looking information contained herein, the Company has applied several material factors or assumptions including, but not limited to, certain assumptions as to production rates, operating cost, recovery and metal costs; that any additional financing needed will be available when needed on reasonable terms; that the current exploration, development, environmental and other objectives concerning the Company’s Stibnite Gold Project (the “Project” or “Stibnite Gold Project”) can be achieved and that the Company’s other corporate activities will proceed as expected; that the formal review process under the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) (including a joint review process involving the United States Forest Service (“USFS” or “Forest Service”), the State of Idaho and other agencies and regulatory bodies) as well as the environmental impact statements will proceed in a timely manner and as expected; that the progression of the litigation involving the Nez Perce Tribe will proceed in a timely manner and as expected; that the current price and demand for gold and other metals will be sustained or will improve; that general business and economic conditions will not change in a materially adverse manner and that all necessary governmental approvals for the planned exploration, development and environmental protection activities on the Project will be obtained in a timely manner and on acceptable terms; and that the continuity of economic and political conditions and operations of the Company will be sustained.

These risks are not exhaustive. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the anticipated or estimated results discussed in the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors nor can we assess the effects of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements. Our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results. You should not rely on any forward-looking statements, which represent our beliefs, assumptions and estimates only as of the dates on which they were made, as predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even though circumstances may change in the future, except as required under applicable securities laws. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

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See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Perpetua Resources Corp.

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Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the weighted average shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares for the assumed exercise of share purchase options and warrants, if dilutive. The Company’s potential dilutive shares of common stock include outstanding share purchase options, restricted share units, performance share units, deferred share units and warrants. Potentially dilutive shares as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows:

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All potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share as their exercise and conversion would be anti-dilutive.

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2.Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards did not or will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

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3.Mineral Properties and Interest

The Company’s mineral properties and interest at the Stibnite Gold Project totaled $72,519,373 and $72,519,373 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company’s subsidiaries acquired mineral rights to the Stibnite Gold Project through several transactions. All mineral and surface rights, where applicable, are held by the Company’s subsidiaries through patented and unpatented lode mining claims and mill sites, except the Cinnabar option claims which are held under an option to purchase, and all of the Stibnite Gold Project is subject to a 1.7% net smelter returns royalty upon the sale of project-related production.

Included in mineral properties and interest are annual payments made under option agreements, where the Company is entitled to continue to make annual option payments or, ultimately, purchase certain properties. Annual payments due under option agreements during 2023 are $180,000.

As of March 31, 2023, it has not yet been determined that the Project’s mining deposits can be economically and legally extracted or produced because the Project’s estimated reserves do not yet meet the definition of proven reserves under the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-K 1300.

Accordingly, development costs related to such reserves will not be capitalized unless they are incurred after such determination. Upon commencement of commercial production, capitalized costs will be amortized over their estimated useful lives or units of production, whichever is a more reliable measure.

Although the Company has taken steps to review and verify mineral rights to the properties in which it has an interest, in accordance with industry standards for properties in the exploration stage, these procedures do not guarantee the Company’s title and interests. Mineral title may be subject to unregistered prior agreements and noncompliance with regulatory requirements.

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4.Shareholders’ Equity

Share based compensation was recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as follows:

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Share purchase options

A summary of share purchase option activity within the Company’s share-based compensation plan (the “Plan”) for the year ended December 31, 2022 and three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:

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During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s total share based compensation from options was $80,320 (2022: $252,900), respectively. No options were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 nor 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the intrinsic value of share purchase options exercised was $12,470.

An analysis of outstanding share purchase options as of March 31, 2023 is as follows:

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¹   Weighted Average Exercise Price (C$)

²   Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)

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As of March 31, 2023, all unvested options are expected to vest and unvested compensation of $246,443 will be recognized. The weighted average remaining amortization period of vested options is 0.75 years. As of March 31, 2023, the intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable share purchase options is $98,834 and $83,859, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company awarded 370,039 RSUs (2022: 330,098 RSUs), with a weighted average grant date fair value of $3.42 per RSU (2022: $4.03), or approximately $1.3 million in total (2022: $1.3 million).

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has recognized $299,628 and $110,740, respectively, in compensation expense related to RSUs and expects to record an additional $1.7 million in compensation expense over the next 1.74 years. The unvested units of March 31, 2023 are scheduled to vest as follows:

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Unvested units will be forfeited by participants upon termination of employment in advance of vesting, with the exception of termination due to retirement if certain criteria are met.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has recognized $220,558 and $55,666, respectively, in compensation expense related to PSUs and MPSUs and expects to record an additional $2.7 million in compensation expense over the next 2.53 years. The unvested units of March 31, 2023 are scheduled to vest as follows:

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PSUs: These PSUs vest upon completion of the performance period and specific performance conditions set forth for each individual grant for individually defined reporting and operating measurement objectives. The Company determines the factor to be applied to that target number of PSUs, with such percentage based on level of achievement of the performance conditions. Upon the achievement of the conditions, any unvested PSUs become fully vested. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company awarded 7,500 PSUs that had a weighted average grant date fair value of 2022, or $30,225 in total. No such PSUs were awarded in the three month period ended March 31, 2023.

Market-based PSUs: During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted MPSUs where vesting is based on the Company’s cumulative total shareholder return (“TSR”) as compared to the constituents that comprise the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF (“GDXJ Index”) a group of similar junior gold mining companies, over a three year period (the “Performance Period”). The ultimate number of MPSUs that vest may range from 0% to 200% of the original target number of shares depending on the relative achievement of the TSR performance measure at the end of the Performance Period. Because the number of MPSUs that are earned will be based on the Company’s TSR over the Performance Period, the MPSUs are considered subject to a market condition. Compensation cost is recognized ratably over the Performance Period regardless as to whether the market condition is actually satisfied; however, the compensation cost will reverse if an employee terminates prior to satisfying the requisite service period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company awarded 277,535 MPSUs (2022: 249,951 MPSUs) that had a weighted grant date fair value of $5.98 (2022: $6.99) per MPSU or approximately $1.65 million (2022: $1.75 million) in total. The grant date fair value of MPSUs was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Assumptions and estimates utilized in the model include expected volatilities of the Corporation’s share price and the GDXJ Index, the Company’s risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The probabilities of the actual number of MPSUs expected to vest and resultant actual number of shares of common stock expected to be awarded are reflected in the grant date fair values of the various MPSU awards. The per MPSU grant date fair value for the market condition was based on the following variables:

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The expected volatility utilized is based on the historical volatilities of the Corporation’s common stock and the GDXJ Index in order to model the stock price movements. The volatility used was calculated over the most recent three year period. The risk-free interest rates used are based on the implied yield available on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bill with a term equivalent to the Performance Period. The expected dividend yield of zero was used since it is the mathematical equivalent to reinvesting dividends in each issuing entity over the Performance Period.

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Under the Plan, the Company may issue DSUs to non-employee directors. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, 67,075 and 62,669 shares, respectively with a fair value of $240,321 and $256,943 were granted to the non-employee directors and the related compensation expense was charged to directors’ fees in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

There was a total of 200,000 warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2023 that expire on May 9, 2023.

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5.Environmental Reclamation Liability

On January 15, 2021, the Company agreed to an Administrative Settlement and Order on Consent (“ASAOC”). The Company has accounted for its obligation under the ASAOC as an environmental reclamation liability. The aggregate cost of the obligation was estimated to be approximately $7,473,805. Upon the signing of the ASAOC, the Company recorded an immediate expense of $7,473,805 and a corresponding environmental reclamation liability. The provision for the liability associated with the terms of the ASAOC is based on cost estimates developed with the use of engineering consultants, independent contractor quotes and the Company’s internal development team. The timing of cash flows is based on the latest schedule for early action items. The estimated environmental reclamation liability may be subject to change based on changes to cost estimates and is adjusted for actual work performed. On April 13, 2023, after conducting a competitive bidding process, the Company announced it selected Iron Woman Construction and Environmental Services to conduct certain environmental improvements pursuant to the Company’s obligations under the ASAOC. The contract terms, together with scope changes, inflation and increased estimates for fuel usage related to the restoration activities, resulted in an increase to the Company’s forecasted amounts for ASAOC restoration activities and are additions during the period ended March 31, 2023. Movements in the environmental reclamation liability during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows:

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In 2021, the Company provided $7.5 million in financial assurance for Phase 1 projects under the ASAOC. The Company paid $3.0 million in cash collateral for a surety bond related to the ASAOC statement of work in early 2021.

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6.Commitments and Contingencies

The Company currently holds mining claims on which it has an annual assessment obligation of $275,220 to maintain the claims in good standing. The Company is committed to these payments indefinitely. Related to the mining claims assessments is a $335,000 bond related to the Company’s exploration activities.

Upon formation of the Stibnite Foundation on February 26, 2019, the Company became contractually liable for certain future payments to the Stibnite Foundation based on several triggering events, including receipt of a Final Record of Decision issued by the USFS, receipt of all permits and approvals necessary for commencement of construction, commercial production, and of the final reclamation phase. These payments could begin as early as the first half of 2024 based on the current permitting schedule and range from $0.1 million to $1 million (upon commencement of final reclamation phase) in cash and 150,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock. During commercial production, the Company will make payments to the Stibnite Foundation equal to 1% of Total Comprehensive Income less debt repayments, or a minimum of $0.5 million each year.

The Stibnite Foundation will support projects that benefit the communities surrounding the Stibnite Gold Project and was created through the establishment of the Community Agreement between Perpetua Resources Idaho, Inc. and eight communities and counties throughout the West Central Mountains region of Idaho.

The Company is obligated to make option payments on mineral properties in order to maintain an option to purchase these properties. As of March 31, 2023, the option payments due on these properties in 2023 are $180,000, which will be paid this year. The agreements include options to extend.

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2023 and the date of this report.

e.Legal Update

The Corporation and its subsidiaries are a party to an ongoing legal proceeding with the Nez Perce Tribe for alleged violations of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”) related to historical mining activities. In August 2019, the Nez Perce Tribe filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Idaho. The Corporation promptly filed a motion to dismiss and, in the alternative, a motion to stay the litigation. Both motions were denied. Subsequently, the Corporation filed an answer denying liability which, later, the court allowed the Corporation to amend and file a third-party complaint against the Forest Service. The Corporation also filed a separate CWA citizen suit against the United States Forest Service (“USFS” or “Forest Service”) alleging that several of the point source discharges, as alleged by the Nez Perce Tribe in its complaint, were occurring on lands owned and controlled by the United States. Pursuant to the terms of the voluntary ASAOC executed with the U.S. EPA and the United States Department of Agriculture, the Corporation agreed to dismiss its pending actions against the Forest Service without prejudice. The remaining parties to the ongoing legal proceeding agreed to stay the litigation and explore Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”) options through court-ordered mediation. The stay has been extended on subsequent occasions, and a request to extend the stay through June 30, 2023 was requested jointly by the Company and the Nez Perce Tribe during a February 21, 2023 status conference and subsequently ordered by the court on the same day.

The voluntary CERCLA ASAOC entered into by the Corporation, the U.S. EPA, and the United States Department of Agriculture requires numerous early cleanup actions to occur over the next several years at the Stibnite Gold Project site (the “Stibnite Site”). Perpetua Resources Idaho, Inc. is presently developing and executing the Phase 1 early cleanup actions (known under CERCLA as “time critical removal actions”) that, after final work plan approval by the federal agencies, are being constructed to efficiently improve water quality in a number of areas on the Stibnite Site. Construction of time critical removal actions began in the summer of 2022, and significant progress was achieved to complete the voluntary Phase 1 Stibnite Site cleanup during the limited work season. Other longer-term proposed actions relating to Project operations are being evaluated through the NEPA process.

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7.Government Grants

In September 2022, the Company was awarded two separate funding grants from the U.S. Department of Defense (“DOD”) Defense Logistics Agency (“DLA”) totaling $200,000 to study the domestic production of military-grade antimony trisulfide. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $74,998 was recognized as grant income for these grants.   The Company anticipates recognizing $50,000 of additional grant income over the next nine months.

On December 16, 2022, the Company entered into an undefinitized Technology Investment Agreement (“TIA”) with the DOD - Air Force Research Laboratory for an award of up to $24,800,000 under Title III of the Defense Production Act (“DPA”). The funding objective of the TIA is to complete environmental and engineering studies necessary to obtain a Final Environmental Impact Statement, a Final Record of Decision, and other ancillary permits to sustain the domestic production of antimony trisulfide capability for defense energetic materials at the Stibnite Gold Project. Proceeds from the grant will be used primarily to reimburse the Company for certain costs incurred over the next 24 months related to environmental baseline data monitoring, environmental and technical studies and other activities related to advancing the Company’s construction readiness and the permitting process for the Stibnite Gold Project. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $3,206,713 was recognized as grant income related to the TIA. The Company anticipates recognizing approximately $12,000,000 of additional grant income over the next nine months.

Accounting for these DOD grants does not fall under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as the DOD does not meet the definition of a customer under this standard. The DOD grant proceeds, which will be used to reimburse expenses incurred, meet the definition of grants related to expenses as the primary purpose for the payments is to fund research and development on trisulfides and the advancement of the Company’s Stibnite Gold Project.

A total of $3,281,711 grant income was recognized within other income (expense) on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2023.  No grant income was recognized during the same period in 2022. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, grant receivable was $1,172,050 and $50,000, respectively, and is included in receivables on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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The SDEIS public review period closed on January 10, 2023. Following completion of the comment period and analysis, the USFS updated the permitting schedule for the Project with a FEIS and DROD expected by the end of 2023 and a final ROD anticipated in early 2024. To finalize the FEIS and DROD by the end of 2023, the USFS is preparing responses to the letters received on the SDEIS and coordinating with state and federal agencies to conclude remaining environmental modeling and impact analysis. The publication of the permitting schedule does not indicate any commitments on the part of the USFS regarding the content or timing of a final decision. In developing the FEIS, the USFS may select various actions based on each of the alternatives analyzed in the SDEIS. Furthermore, the USFS is not bound by the permitting schedule and anticipated milestones may be delayed materially or not be satisfied.

Department of Defense Funding

In September 2022, Perpetua Resources was awarded two funding grants from the U.S. Department of Defense (“DOD”) Defense Logistics Agency to study the domestic production of military-grade antimony trisulfide, an essential component in ammunition and dozens of other defense materials.  Perpetua Resources expects to receive up to $200,000 in total to evaluate whether antimony from the Stibnite Gold Project can meet military specifications (“Mil-Spec”) to help secure America’s defense and commercial ammunition supply chain while also evaluating alternate methods for purifying antimony trisulfide. Perpetua Resources submitted two proposals to DLA’s “Production of Energetic Materials and Associated Precursors” Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) grant solicitation. As described in the grant’s objective, the program is focused on reducing “foreign reliance and single points of failure for the domestic manufacturing of energetic materials” through the development of a domestic source. After a competitive review process, Perpetua Resources was awarded SBIR Phase 1 funding of $100,000 for both programs. After the completion of the proposed programs, Phase 2 funding could be made available for more advanced stage pilot-scale testing within the next year. Together, the Phase 1 and Phase 2 programs could confirm the Project’s ability to provide the domestic antimony source needed to meet the defense procurement demand and support commercial markets. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $74,998 was recognized as grant income for these grants. The Company anticipates recognizing $50,000 of additional grant income over the next nine months.

In December 2022, Perpetua Resources was awarded a TIA of up to $24.8 million under Title III of the DPA. The funding objective of the TIA, issued by the Air Force Research Laboratory, is to complete environmental and engineering studies necessary to obtain a FEIS, a Final Record of Decision, and other ancillary permits to sustain the domestic production of antimony trisulfide capability for defense energetic materials. The DPA funding allows the Company to advance the construction readiness of the Stibnite Gold Project while the Company continues through the ongoing permitting process, led by the USFS. Under the funding agreement, Perpetua Resources may request reimbursement for certain costs incurred over 24 months related to environmental baseline data monitoring, environmental and technical studies and other activities related to advancing Perpetua’s construction readiness and permitting process for the Stibnite Gold Project. The DPA funding does not interrupt the ongoing NEPA review process. The TIA is subject to negotiation of a definitized agreement with the DOD. Until the agreement is definitized, the maximum funding available under the TIA is capped at $18,600,000, 75% of the not-to-exceed amount. Perpetua Resources expects to enter into a definitized agreement in the first half of 2023. However, there is no assurance that Perpetua Resources will be able to finalize the definitized agreement on the expected timeline or at all. The TIA contains customary terms and conditions for technology investment agreements, including ongoing reporting obligations. Perpetua Resources is evaluating other U.S. government funding opportunities, including programs available through the DOD. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $3,206,713 was recognized as grant income related to the TIA. The Company anticipates recognizing approximately $12,000,000 of additional grant income over the next nine months. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company was reimbursed $2,059,661 for certain costs incurred.

Inflation

The U.S. inflation rate has been steadily increasing throughout 2022 and into 2023. These inflationary pressures have resulted in and may result in additional increases to the costs of our goods, services and personnel, which in turn cause our capital expenditures and labor costs to rise, including the estimated costs to complete the ASAOC environmental reclamation work. In particular, on April 13, 2023, after conducting a competitive bidding process, the Company announced it selected Iron Woman Construction and Environmental Services to conduct certain environmental improvements pursuant to the Company’s obligations under the ASAOC. The bid, together with scope changes, inflation and increased estimates for fuel usage related to the restoration activities, resulted in an increase to the Company’s forecasted amounts for ASAOC restoration activities as of May 12, 2023. Sustained levels of high inflation have likewise caused the U.S. Federal Reserve and other central banks to increase interest rates, which could have the effects of raising the cost of capital and depressing economic growth, either of which—or the combination thereof—could adversely affect our business.

Liquidity

The Company’s latest liquidity forecast indicates that available cash resources are expected to be exhausted in the first quarter of 2024 due to the increases to anticipated costs for the Company’s ASAOC obligations in 2023 described above. Although the Company’s current capital resources and liquidity include up to $24.8 million in funding awarded in December 2022 under the TIA

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pursuant to Title III of the DPA, such funding is available only for the specified costs described above and, notably, is not available to fund the Company’s costs under its ASAOC obligations and certain corporate expenses. Although we expect the DPA funding to provide the Company with sufficient liquidity to complete permitting and early restoration activities on the current timeline as well as additional liquidity to begin advancing construction readiness into 2024, due to increasing costs of the ASAOC restoration obligations resulting in part from rising inflation, and other corporate expenses, we do not expect the Company will have sufficient assets to discharge its liabilities as they become due for at least 12 months from the date hereof. Absent additional financing, the Company would no longer be able to meet its ongoing obligations or progress critical permitting efforts. The Company continues to explore various funding opportunities, which may include the issuance of additional equity, new debt, or project specific debt; government funding; and/or other financing opportunities. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for more information.

The forward‐looking information contained in this section is subject to the risk factors and assumptions contained in the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section.

Net Loss

Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $4.6 million compared with a net loss of $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This $1.6 million decrease compared to the prior year period was primarily attributable to a $3.3 million increase in grant income offset by increases of $1.1 million and $1.1 million in exploration and environmental liability expense, respectively. As noted above, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s main focus was the continued evaluation and advancement of the Stibnite Gold Project.

Corporate Salaries and Benefits

This expense results from salaries and benefits of the employees that are not directly related to the exploration and evaluation of the Stibnite Gold Project, primarily corporate employees. Salaries and benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were 29% higher than the 2022 comparative period due to higher share-based compensation.

Directors’ Fees

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with each role. Directors’ fees are inclusive of cash fees and share-based compensation (deferred share units). This expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 16% lower than the 2022 comparative period due to lower share-based compensation.

Exploration

This expense relates to all exploration and evaluation expenditures related to the Stibnite Gold Project, including labor, drilling, field operations, engineering, permitting, environmental, legal and sustainability costs. The Company’s exploration expenses of $5.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $1.1 million, or 25%, higher than the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily due to a $0.7 million increase in permitting, a $0.2 million increase in consulting and labor cost, and a $0.2 million increase in engineering. Additional details of expenditures incurred are as follows:

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Environmental Liability Expense

This expense relates to the ASAOC signed in January 2021 to voluntarily address environmental conditions at the abandoned mine site. Cost estimates were developed with the use of engineering consultants, independent contractor quotes and the Company’s internal development team, and the timing of cash flows is based on the current schedule for early action items. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the total cost estimate to complete Phase 1 early cleanup actions increased $1.1 million over the same period in 2022 driven by scope changes and inflation for the remaining work to be performed.  As of March 31, 2023, the estimate for the remaining environmental liability was $11.6 million.

General and Administrative

This expense is predominantly insurance policies for the U.S. offices.  This expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 26% lower than the 2022 comparative period primarily due to lower insurance premiums.

Professional Fees

This expense relates to the legal, accounting and consulting costs of the Corporation. This expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 63% lower than the 2022 comparative period primarily due to a decrease in legal fees. During the first quarter 2022, higher legal fees were incurred to support the Company’s transition to a U.S. Domestic Issuer.

Shareholder and Regulatory

This expense relates to marketing, licenses and fees, and shareholder communications. This expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 5% lower than the 2022 comparative period primarily due to lower marketing expenses.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Derivative

The Corporation issued 200,000 warrants in a financing transaction in May 2013, with an exercise price denominated in Canadian dollars. The Company determined that warrants with an exercise price denominated in a currency that is different from the entity’s functional currency should be classified as a derivative and carried at their fair value. Any changes in their fair value from period to period have been recorded as a gain or loss. There are no circumstances under which Perpetua Resources will be required to pay cash upon exercise or expiry of the warrants or finder’s options.  The warrants expired in May 2023.

Foreign Exchange Loss

Changes in foreign exchange are driven by the change in value of the Canadian Dollar compared to the U.S. Dollar and the impact the change has on transactions associated with the Corporation’s Canadian dollar denominated balances.  The impact was less in

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the three months periods ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 primarily due to less cash being held in Canadian currency during the 2023 period.

Grant Income

This income results from funding grants awarded to the Company from the DOD to study the domestic production of military-grade antimony trisulfide and to complete environmental and engineering studies necessary to obtain a FEIS, a ROD, and other ancillary permits to sustain the domestic production of antimony trisulfide capability for defense energetic materials. Grant income increased $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared the previous year as the grants were awarded in September 2022 and December 2022. No grant income was recognized during the same period in 2022.

Interest Income

This income results from interest received on the Company’s cash balances. Interest income increased $131,021 in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 as a result of higher interest rates in the first three months of 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital resources of Perpetua Resources consist primarily of cash and liquid short-term investments. As of March 31, 2023, Perpetua Resources had cash and cash equivalents totaling approximately $18.6 million, approximately $2.0 million in other current assets and $2.7 million in trade and other payables. As of April 30, 2023, Perpetua Resources had cash and cash equivalents totaling approximately $17.9 million.

In August 2021, the Corporation completed a public offering for total gross proceeds of $57.5 million to be used to continue permitting, early restoration and field operations, engineering and design and general corporate purposes. In December 2022, the Corporation was awarded a TIA of up to $24.8 million under Title III of the DPA. The TIA is subject to negotiation of a definitized agreement with the DOD. Until the agreement is definitized, the maximum funding available under the TIA is capped at $18.6 million, 75% of the not-to-exceed amount. Perpetua Resources expects to enter into a definitized agreement in the first half of 2023. Under the funding agreement, Perpetua Resources may request reimbursement for certain costs incurred over 24 months related to environmental baseline data monitoring, environmental and technical studies and other activities related to advancing Perpetua’s construction readiness and permitting process for the Stibnite Gold Project. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $3.2 million was recognized as grant income related to the TIA. The Company anticipates recognizing approximately $12.0 million of additional grant income over the next 9 months. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company was reimbursed $2.1 million for certain costs incurred and received reimbursement of an additional $1.1 million in April 2023 with respect to expenses incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Perpetua Resources’ current liquidity needs relate to its plans to:

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Although the Company’s current capital resources and liquidity include up to $24.8 million in funding awarded in December 2022 under the TIA pursuant to Title III of the DPA, such funding is available only for the specified costs described above and, notably, is not available to fund the Company’s costs under its ASAOC obligations and certain corporate expenses. Although we expect the DPA funding to provide the Company with sufficient liquidity to complete permitting and early restoration activities on the current timeline as well as additional liquidity to begin advancing construction readiness into 2024, due to increasing costs of the ASAOC restoration obligations resulting in part from rising inflation, and other corporate expenses, we do not expect the Company will have sufficient assets to discharge its liabilities as they become due for at least 12 months from the date hereof.

The Company’s latest liquidity forecast indicates that available cash resources for expenses not eligible for reimbursement under the DPA funding are expected to be exhausted in the first quarter of 2024. Absent additional financing, the Company would no

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longer be able to meet its ongoing obligations or progress critical permitting efforts. The Company continues to explore various funding opportunities, which may include the issuance of additional equity, new debt, or project specific debt; government funding; and/or other financing opportunities. On May 12, 2023, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. as sales agent (the “Agent”). Pursuant to the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement, the Company may sell from time to time through the Agent (the “ATM Offering”) the Company’s common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $20,000,000. The Company plans to use the net proceeds from the ATM Offering, after deducting the Agent’s commissions and the Company’s offering expenses, for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, general corporate, legal and ASAOC expenses. Sales under the program are subject to certain conditions, including market conditions, and there is no assurance that the Company will be able to raise funds under the program, at acceptable share prices or at all.

We believe our plans outlined above to obtain sufficient funding will be successful although there is no certainty that these plans will result in needed liquidity for a reasonable period of time. However, our expectation of incurring significant ASAOC and other costs in the foreseeable future that are not eligible for DPA funding reimbursement and the need for additional funding to further support the development of our planned operations, raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The future receipt of potential funding from equity, debt, pursuit of additional government funding opportunities and/or other means cannot be considered probable at this time because these plans are not entirely within our control as of the date hereof.

These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business and do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above.

Our anticipated expenditures for the fiscal year 2023 are approximately $36.3 million, of which approximately $16.3 million are expected to be funded from the DPA reimbursements and the remainder from cash on hand. These expenditures include an estimated $11.4 million to fund permitting of the Stibnite Gold Project, $8.8 million for general corporate purposes and administrative costs, $3.5 million for engineering and design work and $12.6 million to advance early restoration under the ASAOC and continue field operations. These costs are subject to change due to cost over-runs, delays or other unbudgeted events, such as effects of inflation.

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of exploration, permitting, development, construction, or production at the Project. The cost and terms of such financing may significantly reduce the expected benefits from development of the Project and/or render such development uneconomic. There can be no assurance that additional capital or other types of financing will be available when needed or that, if available, the terms of such financing will be favorable. Our failure to obtain financing could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy and results of operations and financial condition.

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