NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A. Overview and Basis of Presentation
Company and Background
VMware, Inc. (“VMware”) originally pioneered the development and application of virtualization technologies with x86 server-based computing, separating application software from the underlying hardware, and then evolved to become the private cloud and mobility management leader. Building upon that leadership, VMware is focused on becoming the multi-cloud leader. Information technology (“IT”) driven innovation continues to disrupt markets and industries. Technologies emerge faster than organizations can absorb, creating increasingly complex environments. Organizations’ IT departments and corporate divisions are working at an accelerated pace to harness new technologies, platforms and cloud models, ultimately guiding businesses and their product teams through a digital transformation. To take on these challenges, the Company is helping customers drive their multi-cloud strategy by providing the multi-cloud platform for all applications, enabling digital innovation and enterprise control.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for annual financial reporting.
On November 1, 2021, VMware’s Spin-Off from Dell Technologies Inc. (“Dell”) was completed, and, in accordance with the Separation and Distribution Agreement, effective as of April 14, 2021 (the “Separation Agreement”), upon the satisfaction of all conditions and immediately prior to the Spin-Off, VMware paid an $11.5 billion cash dividend, pro rata, to each of the holders of Class A common stock (“Class A Stock”) and Class B convertible common stock (“Class B Stock”), including Dell (the “Special Dividend”) as of October 29, 2021 (the “Record Date”). VMware funded the Special Dividend in part through the $10.0 billion of indebtedness incurred during fiscal 2022, including $6.0 billion in the senior notes that VMware issued in August 2021 and $4.0 billion in aggregate drawdowns on its senior unsecured term loan facilities on November 1, 2021. Automatically as a result of the Spin-Off, each share of Class B Stock converted into one fully paid and non-assessable share of Class A Stock.
As a result of the Spin-Off, VMware became a standalone company and entities affiliated with Michael Dell (the “MSD Stockholders”), who serves as VMware’s Chairman of the Board and chairman and chief executive officer of Dell, and entities affiliated with Silver Lake Partners (the “SLP Stockholders”), of which Egon Durban, a VMware director, is a managing partner, became owners of direct interests in VMware representing 40.4% and 10.0%, respectively, of VMware’s outstanding stock, based on the shares outstanding as of January 28, 2022. Due to the MSD Stockholders’ and SLP Stockholders’ direct ownership in both VMware and Dell, as well as Mr. Dell’s executive position with Dell, transactions with Dell continue to be considered related party transactions following the Spin-Off.
The fiscal year for VMware is the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Friday nearest to January 31 of each year. The Company refers to its fiscal years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020 as “fiscal 2022,” “fiscal 2021,” and “fiscal 2020,” respectively. Fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 were each 52-week fiscal years.
Management believes the assumptions underlying the consolidated financial statements are reasonable. However, the amounts recorded for VMware’s related party transactions with Dell and its consolidated subsidiaries may not be considered arm’s length with an unrelated third party. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements included herein may not necessarily reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows had VMware engaged in such transactions with an unrelated third party during all periods presented. Accordingly, VMware’s historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows will be in the future, if and when VMware contracts at arm’s length with unrelated third parties for products and services the Company receives from and provides to Dell.
Retrospective Combination of Historical Financial Statements
In December 2019, VMware completed the acquisition of Pivotal Software, Inc. (“Pivotal”), which was, at the time, a subsidiary of VMware’s former parent company, Dell. The purchase of the controlling interest in Pivotal from Dell was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805-50, Business Combination - Related Issues, which requires retrospective combination of entities for all periods presented, as if the combination had been in effect since the inception of common control. The consolidated financial statements of VMware, during the year ended January 31, 2020, and notes thereto were presented on a combined basis, as both
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VMware and Pivotal were under common control during the year ended January 31, 2020. Refer to Note B for more information on VMware’s acquisition of Pivotal.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VMware and subsidiaries in which VMware has a controlling financial interest. The portion of results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interests for Pivotal prior to the acquisition was included in net loss attributable to non-controlling interests on the consolidated statements of income during the year ended January 31, 2020. As part of the acquisition of Pivotal, VMware acquired the non-controlling interests in Pivotal from the holders of Pivotal Class A stock and has held 100% of the controlling financial interest in Pivotal since December 2019.
All intercompany transactions and account balances between VMware and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. Transactions with Dell and its consolidated subsidiaries are generally settled in cash and are classified on the consolidated statements of cash flows based upon the nature of the underlying transaction.
Use of Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, trade receivable valuation, marketing development funds, expected period of benefit for deferred commissions, useful lives assigned to fixed assets and intangible assets, valuation of goodwill and definite-lived intangibles, income taxes, stock-based compensation and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. To the extent the Company’s actual results differ materially from those estimates and assumptions, VMware’s future financial statements could be affected.
Revenue Recognition
VMware derives revenue primarily from licensing software under perpetual and consumption-based contracts and related software maintenance and support, subscriptions, hosted services, training and consulting services. VMware accounts for a contract with a customer if all criteria defined by ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers are met, including that collectability of the consideration is probable. At inception of a contract with a customer, the Company evaluates whether the promised products and services represent distinct performance obligations within the context of the contract. Performance obligations that are both capable of being distinct on their own and distinct within the context of the contract are recognized on their own as distinct performance obligations. Performance obligations under which both of these two criteria are not met are recognized as a combined, single performance obligation. Determining whether the Company’s licenses, subscriptions and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or together often involves assumptions and significant judgments that can have a significant impact on the timing and amount of revenue recognized.
Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of licenses, subscriptions or services to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration VMware expects to receive in exchange for those licenses, services or subscriptions. Control of a promised license, subscription or service may be transferred to a customer either at a point in time or over time, which affects the timing of revenue recognition. VMware’s contracts with customers may include a combination of licenses, subscriptions and services that are accounted for as distinct performance obligations. Licenses that represent distinct performance obligations are recognized at a point in time when the software license keys have been made available to the customer. Licenses sold as part of the Company’s subscriptions that do not represent distinct performance obligations are recognized over time along with the associated services that form a combined performance obligation with the software. Management assesses relevant contractual terms in contracts with customers and applies significant judgment in identifying and accounting for all terms and conditions in certain contracts. Certain contracts include third-party offerings and revenue that may be recognized net of the third-party costs, based upon an assessment as to whether VMware had control of the underlying third-party offering. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes invoiced to customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
From time to time, VMware may enter into revenue and purchase contracts with the same customer within a short period of time. VMware evaluates the underlying economics and fair value of the consideration payable to the customer to determine if any portion of the consideration payable to the customer exceeds the fair value of the goods and services received and should be accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price of the revenue contract.
License Revenue
VMware generally sells its license software through distributors, resellers, system vendors, systems integrators and its direct sales force. Performance obligations related to license revenue, including the license portion of term licenses, represent functional intellectual property under which a customer has the legal right to the on-premises license. The license provides
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significant standalone functionality and is a separate performance obligation from the maintenance and support and professional services sold by VMware. On-premises license revenue is recognized at a point in time, upon delivery and transfer of control of the underlying license to the customer.
License revenue from software licenses sold to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) is recognized when the sale to the end user occurs. Revenue is recognized upon reporting by the OEMs of their sales, and for the period where information of the underlying sales has not been made available, revenue is recognized based upon estimated sales.
Subscription and SaaS Revenue
VMware’s subscription and software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) revenue consists of hosted services, consumption based licensing under VCPP offerings and certain license sales of its software platform with open source licenses or offerings under which licenses and services are accounted for as combined performance obligations.
VMware’s hosted services consist of certain software offerings sold as a service-based technology without the customer’s ability to take possession of the software over the subscription term. Hosted services are recognized as SaaS revenue over time as customers consume the services or ratably over the contract term, commencing upon provisioning of the service.
VCPP partners license on-premises software from VMware on a monthly basis under a usage-based model. Generally, contracts with VCPP partners include cancellation rights. Revenue recognition is based on fees associated with reported license consumption by the VCPP partners and includes estimates for the period when consumption information has not been made available.
Subscription sales of the Company’s software platform offering provides customers with a license to its platform over a period of time, which includes, among other items, open-source software, support, enhancements, upgrades and compatibility to certified systems, all of which are offered on an if-and-when available basis. Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the date that the Company’s platform is made available to the customer.
Subscription sales also include offerings with licenses that provide customers with access to and the right to utilize the threat intelligence capabilities and ongoing support over a period of time. VMware considers the software license and access to critical threat intelligence capabilities to be a single performance obligation. Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the date the software is delivered to the customer.
Subscription and SaaS offerings generally have a duration of one month, one-year, or three-years and are invoiced to the customers either upfront, annually, quarterly or monthly.
Services Revenue
VMware’s services revenue generally consists of software maintenance and support and professional services. Software maintenance and support offerings entitle customers to receive major and minor product upgrades, on a when-and-if-available basis, and technical support. Maintenance and support services are comprised of multiple performance obligations including updates, upgrades to licenses and technical support. While separate performance obligations are identified within maintenance and support services, the underlying performance obligations generally have a consistent continuous pattern of transfer to a customer during the term of a contract and therefore, maintenance and support services revenue is recognized ratably over the contract duration.
Professional services include design, implementation, training and consulting services. Professional services performed by VMware represent distinct performance obligations as they do not modify or customize licenses sold. These services are not highly interdependent or highly interrelated to licenses sold such that a customer would not be able to use the licenses without the professional services. Revenue from fixed fee professional services engagements is recognized based on progress made toward the total project effort, which can be reasonably estimated. As a practical expedient, VMware recognizes revenue from professional services engagements invoiced on a time and materials basis as the hours are incurred based on VMware’s right to invoice amounts for performance completed to date.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
VMware enters into revenue contracts with multiple performance obligations in which a customer may purchase combinations of licenses, maintenance and support, subscriptions, hosted services, training, consulting services and rights to future products and services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, VMware allocates total transaction value to the identified underlying performance obligations based on relative standalone selling price (“SSP”). VMware typically estimates SSP of performance obligations based on observable transactions when the obligations are sold on a standalone basis and those prices fall within a reasonable range. VMware utilizes the residual approach to estimate SSP primarily for offerings when sold to customers at highly variable pricing.
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Rebates and Marketing Development Funds
Rebates, which are offered to certain channel partners and represent a form of variable consideration, are accounted for as a reduction to the transaction price on eligible contracts.
Rebates are determined based on eligible sales during the quarter or based on actual achievement to quarterly target sales. The reduction of the aggregate transaction price against eligible contracts is allocated to the applicable performance obligations. The difference between the estimated rebates recognized and the actual amounts paid has not been material to date.
Certain channel partners are also reimbursed for direct costs related to marketing or other services that are defined under the terms of the marketing development programs. Estimated reimbursements for marketing development funds are accounted for as consideration payable to a customer, reducing the transaction price of the underlying contracts. The most likely amount method is used to estimate the marketing fund reimbursements at the end of the quarter and the reduction of transaction price is allocated to the applicable performance obligations. The difference between the estimated reimbursement and the actual amount paid to channel partners has not been material to date.
Returns Reserves
With limited exceptions, VMware’s return policy does not allow product returns for a refund. VMware estimates and records reserves for product returns at the time of sale based on historical return rates. Amounts are recorded as a reduction of revenue or unearned revenue. Returns reserves were not material for all periods presented.
Deferred Commissions
Sales commissions, including the employer portion of payroll taxes, earned by VMware’s sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract and are deferred and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit. The expected period of benefit is generally determined using the contract term or underlying technology life, if renewals are expected and the renewal commissions are not commensurate with the initial commissions. Sales commissions related to software maintenance and support renewals are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual renewal period.
Foreign Currency Remeasurement and Translation
The United States (“U.S.”) dollar is the functional currency of VMware’s foreign subsidiaries during the year ended January 28, 2022. During the year ended January 31, 2020, the U.S. dollar was the functional currency for the majority of VMware’s foreign subsidiaries, except for certain Pivotal foreign subsidiaries, many of which were wound down during fiscal 2021. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. VMware records net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions as a component of foreign currency exchange gains and losses in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income. These gains and losses are net of those recognized on foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) not designated as hedges that VMware enters into to partially mitigate its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash equivalents consist of money market funds and time deposits with maturities of 90 days or less from date of purchase.
Cash balances that are restricted pursuant to the terms of various agreements are classified as restricted cash and included in other current assets and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note I for more information.
Investments in Equity Securities
VMware holds equity securities in publicly and privately held companies. VMware elected to measure securities in privately held companies at cost less impairment, if any, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the same issuer. VMware’s securities in publicly held companies are measured at fair value using quoted prices for identical assets in an active market. All gains and losses on these securities, whether realized or unrealized, are recognized in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
Allowance for Credit Losses
VMware maintains an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses on uncollectible accounts receivable. VMware determines the allowance based on various factors such as historical experience, the age of the receivable and current economic conditions that may affect customers’ ability to pay. The allowance for credit losses was not significant as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net is recorded at cost. Depreciation commences upon placing the asset in service and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets, as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Buildings | | Term of underlying land lease | |
Land improvements | | 15 years | | |
Furniture and fixtures | | 7 years | | |
Equipment | | 3 to 6 years | | |
Software | | 3 to 8 years | | |
Leasehold improvements | | 20 years, not to exceed the shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term | | |
Upon retirement or disposition, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed with any gain or loss recognized on the consolidated statements of income. Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the economic life of the underlying assets are expensed as incurred.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
Costs associated with internal-use software, including those used to provide hosted services, during the application development stage are capitalized. Capitalization of costs begins when the preliminary project stage is completed, management has committed to funding the project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Capitalization ceases, and depreciation begins, at the point when the project is substantially complete and is ready for its intended purpose. The capitalized amounts are included in property and equipment, net on the consolidated balance sheets.
Development costs of software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when technological feasibility for the product has been established and ending when the product is available for general release. During the years presented, software development costs incurred for products during the time period between reaching technological feasibility and general release were not material and accordingly were expensed as incurred.
Business Combinations
For business combinations, with the exception of acquisitions of entities under common control, VMware recognizes the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interests in an acquiree, which are measured based on the acquisition date fair value. Goodwill is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net amounts of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.
VMware uses significant estimates and assumptions to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related useful lives of the acquired assets, when applicable, as of the acquisition date.
When those estimates are provisional, VMware refines them as necessary during the measurement period. The measurement period is the period after the acquisition date, not to exceed one year, in which VMware may gather and analyze the necessary information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date to adjust the provisional amounts recognized. Measurement period adjustments are recorded during the period in which the adjustment amount is determined. All other adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of income.
Acquisitions of entities under common control requires retrospective combination of entities for all periods presented, as if the combination had been in effect since the inception of common control. Assets and liabilities transferred are recorded at their historical carrying amounts on the date of the transfer. The difference between purchase consideration and historical value of the net assets on the date of the transfer are recognized in total stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets.
Costs to effect an acquisition are recorded in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income as the expenses are incurred.
Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment during the third quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. VMware elected to perform a quantitative assessment of goodwill with respect to its one reporting unit. In doing so, VMware compared the enterprise fair value to the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill. VMware concluded that, to date, there have been no impairments of goodwill.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. VMware reviews intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments are measured at fair value and reported as current assets and current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, as applicable.
To manage VMware’s exposure to foreign currency fluctuations, VMware enters into forward contracts to hedge a portion of VMware’s net outstanding monetary asset or liability positions. These forward contracts are generally entered into on a monthly basis, with a typical contractual term of one month. These forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments under applicable accounting guidance and therefore are adjusted to fair value through other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
Additionally, VMware enters into forward contracts, which it designates as cash flow hedges to manage the volatility of cash flows that relate to operating expenses denominated in certain foreign currencies. These forward contracts have maturities of fourteen months or less, and are adjusted to fair value through accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, on the consolidated balance sheets. When the underlying expense transaction occurs, the gains or losses on the forward contract are subsequently reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the related operating expense line item on the consolidated statements of income.
The Company does not, and does not intend to, use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Employee Benefit Plans
The Company has a defined contribution program for U.S. employees that complies with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, the Company offers defined contribution plans to employees in certain countries outside the U.S.
During the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, the Company contributed $227 million, $176 million and $169 million, respectively, to its defined contribution plans.
Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $35 million, $33 million and $25 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Income Taxes
Prior to the Spin-Off, although VMware’s financial results were included in the Dell consolidated tax return for U.S. federal income tax purposes, VMware’s income tax provision or benefit was calculated primarily as though the Company was a separate taxpayer, with certain transactions between the Company and Dell being assessed using consolidated tax return rules. As a result of the Spin-Off, VMware is no longer a member of the Dell consolidated tax group and the Company’s U.S. income tax will be reported separately from that of the Dell consolidated tax group. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Tax credits are generally recognized as reductions of income tax provisions in the year in which the credits arise. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware completed the acquisition of Pivotal. Pivotal filed and will continue to file, for the periods prior to the Spin-Off, its separate tax return for U.S. federal income tax purposes as it left the Dell consolidated tax group at the time of Pivotal’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in April 2018. Pivotal had continued to be included on Dell’s unitary state tax returns until the Spin-Off. Subsequent to the Spin-Off, Pivotal will be included in VMware’s consolidated tax group for U.S. income tax purposes.
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) introduced significant changes to U.S. income tax law. The Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions of the 2017 Tax Act require VMware to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. GAAP allows the Company to choose between an accounting policy that treats the U.S. tax under GILTI provisions as either a current expense, as incurred, or as a component of the Company’s measurement of deferred taxes. VMware has elected to record impacts of GILTI as period costs.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of shares of VMware’s common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock, including the dilutive effect of equity awards as determined under the treasury stock method. Prior to the Spin-Off, VMware used the two-class method to calculate net income per share. Since both classes shared the same rights in dividends, basic and diluted earnings per share were the same for both Class A Stock and Class B Stock. Automatically as a result of the Spin-Off, each share of Class B Stock converted into one share of Class A Stock and Class A Stock became, and remains, the sole outstanding class of VMware common stock, and, as a result, the two-class method is no longer applicable to the Company’s calculation of net income per share.
Concentrations of Risks
Financial instruments, which potentially subject VMware to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Cash on deposit with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. These deposits may be redeemed upon demand. VMware places cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments primarily in money market funds and limits the amount of investment with any single issuer and any single financial institution.
VMware manages counterparty risk through necessary diversification of the investment portfolio among various financial institutions and by entering into derivative contracts with financial institutions that are of high credit quality.
VMware provides credit to its customers, including distributors, OEMs, resellers and end-user customers, in the normal course of business. To reduce credit risk, VMware performs periodic credit evaluations, which consider the customer’s payment history and financial stability.
One distributor accounted for 12% of VMware’s accounts receivable balance as of January 28, 2022. A second distributor accounted for 11% and 12% of VMware’s accounts receivable balance, respectively, as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021. A third distributor accounted for 11% of VMware’s accounts receivable balance as of January 28, 2022. Another distributor accounted for 13% of VMware’s accounts receivable balance as of January 29, 2021.
Dell accounted for 38%, 35% and 31% of revenue during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively. In addition to Dell, one distributor accounted for 11% and 12% of revenue during the years ended January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively. Another distributor accounted for 10% of revenue during the year ended January 31, 2020.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
VMware restricted stock, including performance stock unit (“PSU”) awards, are valued based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. For those awards expected to vest, which only contain a service vesting feature, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the awards’ requisite service periods.
PSU awards will vest if certain VMware-designated performance targets, including in certain cases a time-based or market-based vesting component, are achieved. All PSU awards also include a time-based vesting component. If minimum performance thresholds are achieved, each PSU award will convert into VMware’s Class A Stock at a defined ratio depending on the degree of achievement of the performance target designated by each individual award. If minimum performance thresholds are not achieved, then no shares will be issued. Based upon the expected levels of achievement, stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the PSU awards’ requisite service periods. The expected levels of achievement are reassessed over the requisite service periods and, to the extent that the expected levels of achievement change, stock-based compensation is adjusted and recorded on the consolidated statements of income and the remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation is recognized over the remaining requisite service period.
With the exception of stock options assumed as a part of transactions under common control, the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is used to determine the fair value of VMware’s stock options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan shares. The Black-Scholes model includes assumptions regarding dividend yields, expected volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rates. These assumptions reflect the Company’s best estimates, but these items involve uncertainties based on market and other conditions outside of the Company’s control.
For outstanding equity awards assumed as a part of a transaction between entities under common control, equity awards are converted to VMware’s Class A Stock and valued at historical carrying amounts.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Leases
VMware adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”) during fiscal 2020 and applied it retrospectively at the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company elected to apply practical expedients upon transition to this standard, which allowed the Company to use the beginning of the period of adoption as the date of initial application, and to not reassess lease classification, treatment of initial direct costs, or whether an existing or expired contract contained a lease. Prior period amounts were not recast under this standard.
VMware determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception by evaluating whether the arrangement conveys the right to use an identified asset and whether the Company obtains substantially all economic benefits from and has the ability to direct the use of the asset. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets resulting from operating leases are included in other assets, and operating lease liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets resulting from finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, and finance lease liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Lease assets and liabilities are measured at the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date using the incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is generally determined using factors such as the Treasury yields, the Company’s credit rating and interest rates of similar debt instruments with comparable credit ratings, among others.
The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that VMware will exercise that option. Lease expense resulting from the minimum lease payments is amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. VMware elected the practical expedient to exclude leasing arrangements with a duration of less than twelve months.
The Company’s lease agreements generally do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Certain lease agreements may contain lease and non-lease components, such as common-area maintenance costs. The Company elected to account for these components as a single lease component in determining the lease liability. Variable lease payments, which are primarily comprised of common-area maintenance, utilities and real estate taxes that are passed on from the lessor in proportion to the space leased by the Company, are recognized in operating expenses in the period in which the obligation for those payments are incurred.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standard Board issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This update requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by an acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, but may be early adopted. The adoption of the ASU will be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the ASU. If the new standard is early adopted in an interim period, it should be applied retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurs on or after the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period of early application and prospectively to all business combinations that occur on or after the date of initial application. VMware early adopted this standard during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. The standard did not have an impact on business combinations occurring during the year ended January 28, 2022.
Effective January 30, 2021, VMware adopted, on a modified retrospective basis, ASU No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This update simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity and amends the diluted earnings per share guidance for greater consistency within the standard. The standard did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements except for the calculation of the year-to-date weighted-average diluted share count, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s diluted net income per share during the year ended January 28, 2022.
Effective January 30, 2021, VMware adopted ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), simplifying the accounting for income taxes. The standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncement
In November 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832), requiring annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, but may be
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early adopted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and plans to adopt the standard during fiscal 2023 on a prospective basis.
B. Pivotal Acquisition
In December 2019, VMware completed the acquisition of Pivotal, which was, at the time, a subsidiary of VMware’s former parent company, Dell, at a blended price per share of $11.71 and an aggregate purchase consideration of $2.9 billion. The purchase consideration of $2.9 billion was comprised of $15.00 per share or $1.7 billion of cash paid to the non-controlling interest holders of Pivotal’s Class A stock, the exchange of $1.1 billion of VMware’s Class B Stock for Pivotal’s Class B common stock held by Dell, at an exchange ratio of 0.055 VMware shares for each Pivotal share, and a $155 million accrual for amounts potentially owed to dissenting shareholders in connection with the acquisition, which was recorded in accrued expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2020. In recording the repurchase of the non-controlling interest, the Company recognized a reduction of additional paid in capital of $649 million, which corresponds to the excess of the purchase consideration of $1.8 billion that was paid and accrued, over the carrying value of the non-controlling interest of $1.2 billion. In the aggregate, this transaction resulted in a cash payout, net of cash acquired, of $838 million and the issuance of 7.2 million shares of VMware’s Class B Stock to Dell. Pivotal’s Class B common stock previously held by VMware was canceled. Following the completion of the acquisition, shares of Pivotal Class A stock ceased to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and registration of the Pivotal Class A stock under the Exchange Act was terminated.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2021, VMware paid $91 million to dissenting stockholders of Pivotal, representing a portion of the amount accrued as of January 31, 2020.
The purchase was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control. Assets and liabilities transferred were recorded at historical carrying amounts of Pivotal on the date of the transfer, except for certain goodwill and intangible assets that were recorded in the amounts previously recognized by Dell for Pivotal in connection with Dell’s acquisition of EMC Corporation (“EMC”) during fiscal 2016. VMware’s previous investment in Pivotal, including any unrealized gain or loss previously recognized in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income, were derecognized. Transactions with Pivotal that were previously accounted for as transactions between related parties were eliminated in the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. All intercompany transactions and account balances between VMware and Pivotal have been eliminated upon consolidation during the year ended January 31, 2020.
C. Revenue, Unearned Revenue and Remaining Performance Obligations
Revenue
Receivables
VMware records a receivable when an unconditional right to consideration exists and transfer of control has occurred, such that only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers.
Payment terms vary based on license, subscription or service offerings and payment is generally required within 30 to 45 days from date of invoicing. Certain performance obligations may require payment before delivery of the license or service to the customer.
Contract Assets
A contract asset is recognized when a conditional right to consideration exists and transfer of control has occurred. Contract assets include fixed fee professional services where transfer of services has occurred in advance of the Company’s right to invoice. Contract assets are classified as accounts receivables upon invoicing. Contract assets are included in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets were $36 million and $43 million as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. Contract asset balances will fluctuate based upon the timing of the transfer of services, billings and customers’ acceptance of contractual milestones.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities consist of unearned revenue, which is generally recorded when VMware has the right to invoice or payments have been received for undelivered products or services.
Customer Deposits
Customer deposits include prepayments from customers related to amounts received for contracts that include certain cancellation rights. Purchased credits eligible for redemption of VMware’s hosted services (“cloud credits”) are included in
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
customer deposits until the cloud credit is consumed or is contractually committed to a specific hosted service. Cloud credits are redeemable by the customer for the gross value of the hosted offering. Upon contractual commitment for a hosted service, the net value of the cloud credits that are expected to be recognized as revenue when the obligation is fulfilled will be classified as unearned revenue.
As of January 28, 2022, customer deposits related to customer prepayments and cloud credits of $470 million were included in accrued expenses and other and $166 million were included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As of January 29, 2021, customer deposits related to customer prepayments and cloud credits of $294 million were included in accrued expenses and other and $163 million were included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Deferred Commissions
Deferred commissions are classified as current or non-current based on the duration of the expected period of benefit. Deferred commissions, including the employer portion of payroll taxes, included in other current assets as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021 were $17 million and $31 million, respectively. Deferred commissions included in other assets were $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively.
Amortization expense for deferred commissions was included in sales and marketing on the consolidated statements of income and was $517 million, $437 million and $354 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Unearned Revenue
Unearned revenue as of the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | | | 2021 |
Unearned license revenue | $ | 19 | | | | | $ | 15 | |
Unearned subscription and SaaS revenue | 2,669 | | | | | 1,998 | |
Unearned software maintenance revenue | 7,208 | | | | | 7,092 | |
Unearned professional services revenue | 1,326 | | | | | 1,209 | |
Total unearned revenue | $ | 11,222 | | | | | $ | 10,314 | |
Unearned subscription and SaaS revenue is generally recognized over time as customers consume the services or ratably over the term of the subscription, commencing upon provisioning of the service.
Unearned software maintenance revenue is attributable to VMware’s maintenance contracts and is generally recognized ratably over the contract duration. The weighted-average remaining contractual term as of January 28, 2022 was approximately two years. Unearned professional services revenue results primarily from prepaid professional services and is generally recognized as the services are performed.
Total billings and revenue recognized during the year ended January 28, 2022 were $9.1 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively, and did not include amounts for performance obligations that were fully satisfied upon delivery, such as on-premises licenses.
Total billings and revenue recognized during the year ended January 29, 2021 were $8.4 billion and $7.4 billion, respectively, and did not include amounts for performance obligations that were fully satisfied upon delivery, such as on-premises licenses. During the year ended January 29, 2021, VMware also assumed $33 million in unearned revenue
in connection with business combinations.
Revenue recognized during the year ended January 31, 2020 was $6.4 billion, and did not include amounts for performance obligations that were fully satisfied upon delivery, such as on-premises licenses.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the aggregate amount of the transaction price in contracts allocated to performance obligations not delivered, or partially undelivered, as of the end of the reporting period. Remaining performance obligations include unearned revenue, multi-year contracts with future installment payments and certain unfulfilled orders against accepted non-cancellable customer contracts at the end of any given period.
As of January 28, 2022, the aggregate transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $12.0 billion, of which approximately 57% is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter. As of January 29, 2021, the aggregate transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $11.3 billion, of which approximately 55% was expected to be recognized as revenue during fiscal 2022, and the remainder thereafter.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
D. Related Parties
Transactions with Dell continue to be considered related party transactions following the Spin-Off due to the MSD Stockholders’ and SLP Stockholders’ direct ownership in both VMware and Dell, as well as Mr. Dell’s executive position with Dell.
On November 1, 2021, in connection with the Spin-Off, VMware and Dell entered into the Commercial Framework Agreement to provide a framework under which the Company and Dell will continue their strategic commercial relationship, particularly with respect to projects mutually agreed by the parties as having the potential to accelerate the growth of an industry, product, service, or platform that may provide the parties with a strategic market opportunity. The Commercial Framework Agreement has an initial term of five years, with automatic one-year renewals occurring annually thereafter, subject to certain terms and conditions.
The information provided below includes a summary of transactions with Dell.
Transactions with Dell
VMware and Dell engaged in the following ongoing related party transactions, which resulted in revenue and receipts, and unearned revenue for VMware:
•Pursuant to original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) and reseller arrangements, Dell integrates or bundles VMware’s products and services with Dell’s products and sells them to end users. Dell also acts as a distributor, purchasing VMware’s standalone products and services for resale to end-user customers through VMware-authorized resellers. Revenue under these arrangements is presented net of related marketing development funds and rebates paid to Dell. In addition, VMware provides professional services to end users based upon contractual agreements with Dell.
•Dell purchases products and services from VMware for its internal use.
•From time to time, VMware and Dell enter into agreements to collaborate on technology projects, and Dell pays VMware for services or reimburses VMware for costs incurred by VMware, in connection with such projects.
During the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, revenue from Dell accounted for 38%, 35% and 31% of VMware’s consolidated revenue, respectively. During the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, revenue recognized on transactions where Dell acted as an OEM accounted for 13%, 12% and 12% of total revenue from Dell, respectively, or 5%, 4% and 4% of VMware’s consolidated revenue, respectively.
Dell purchases VMware products and services directly from VMware, as well as through VMware’s channel partners. Information about VMware’s revenue and receipts, and unearned revenue from such arrangements, for the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenue and Receipts | | | Unearned Revenue |
| | | | For the Year Ended | | | As of |
| | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, | | | January 28, | | January 29, |
| | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Reseller revenue | | | | | | | | $ | 4,764 | | | $ | 4,053 | | | $ | 3,288 | | | | $ | 5,550 | | | $ | 4,952 | |
Internal-use revenue | | | | | | | | 56 | | | 63 | | | 82 | | | | 39 | | | 45 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Receipts from Dell for collaborative technology projects were not material, $13 million and $10 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Customer deposits resulting from transactions with Dell were $298 million and $214 million as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively.
VMware and Dell engaged in the following ongoing related party transactions, which resulted in costs to VMware:
•VMware purchases and leases products and purchases services from Dell.
•From time to time, VMware and Dell enter into agreements to collaborate on technology projects, and VMware pays Dell for services provided to VMware by Dell related to such projects.
•In certain geographic regions where VMware does not have an established legal entity, VMware contracts with Dell subsidiaries for support services and support from Dell personnel who are managed by VMware. The costs incurred by Dell on VMware’s behalf related to these employees are charged to VMware with a mark-up intended to approximate costs that would have been incurred had VMware contracted for such services with an unrelated third party. These
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
costs are included as expenses on VMware’s consolidated statements of income and primarily include salaries, benefits, travel and occupancy expenses. Dell also incurs certain administrative costs on VMware’s behalf in the U.S. that are recorded as expenses on VMware’s consolidated statements of income.
•Prior to the Spin-Off, in certain geographic regions, Dell filed a consolidated indirect tax return, which included value added taxes and other indirect taxes collected by VMware from its customers. VMware remitted the indirect taxes to Dell, and Dell remitted the tax payment to the foreign governments on VMware’s behalf.
•From time to time, VMware invoices end users on behalf of Dell for certain services rendered by Dell. Cash related to these services is collected from the end user by VMware and remitted to Dell.
•From time to time, VMware enters into agency arrangements with Dell that enable VMware to sell its subscriptions and services, leveraging the Dell enterprise relationships and end customer contracts.
Information about VMware’s payments for such arrangements during the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Purchases and leases of products and purchases of services(1) | | | | | | | | | $ | 228 | | | $ | 206 | | | $ | 242 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dell subsidiary support and administrative costs | | | | | | | | | 38 | | | 74 | | | 119 | |
(1) Amount includes indirect taxes that were remitted to Dell during the periods presented.
VMware also purchases Dell products through Dell’s channel partners. Purchases of Dell products through Dell’s channel partners were not significant during the periods presented.
From time to time, VMware and Dell also enter into joint marketing, sales, branding and product development arrangements, for which both parties may incur costs.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware entered into an arrangement with Dell to transfer approximately 250 professional services employees from Dell to VMware. These employees are experienced in providing professional services that deliver VMware technology and this transfer centralizes these resources within the Company in order to serve its customers more efficiently and effectively. The transfer was substantially completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and did not have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements. VMware also expects that Dell will continue to resell VMware consulting solutions.
Dell Financial Services (“DFS”)
DFS provides financing to certain of VMware’s end users at the end users’ discretion. Upon acceptance of the financing arrangement by both VMware’s end users and DFS, amounts classified as trade accounts receivable are reclassified to the current portion of due from related parties on the consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized on transactions financed through DFS was recorded net of financing fees. Financing fees on arrangements accepted by both parties were $29 million, $60 million and $66 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Due To/From Related Parties
As of January 28, 2022, the current and non-current amounts due from and due to related parties were presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets, as a right of setoff no longer exists subsequent to the Spin-Off. As of January 29, 2021, the current portion of due from related parties was presented net of the current portion of due to related parties on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the current portion of due from and due to related parties as of January 29, 2021 (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Due from related parties | | | $ | 1,558 | |
Due to related parties(1) | | | 120 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Current portion of due from related parties | | | $ | 1,438 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
(1) Included an immaterial amount related to the Company’s current operating lease liabilities due to Dell.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in the current and non-current portions of due from related parties and due to related parties on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 28, 2022 included amounts due to Dell pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement entered concurrently with the Separation Agreement, effective April 14, 2021 (the “Tax Matters Agreement”). Refer to Note P for more information.
Amounts included in the current portion of due from related parties, with the exception of DFS and tax obligations, are generally settled in cash within 60 days of each quarter-end.
Special Dividend
On November 1, 2021, VMware paid an $11.5 billion Special Dividend, pro rata, to each of the holders of Class A Stock and Class B Stock, including Dell, as of the Record Date. Based upon the number of shares of common stock held by Dell as of the Record Date, approximately $9.3 billion in cash was paid to Dell. Refer to Note A for more information regarding the Spin-Off.
Notes Payable to Dell
As of January 29, 2021, VMware had an outstanding promissory note payable to Dell in the principal amount of $270 million due December 1, 2022. VMware repaid the outstanding balance of $270 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2022. During each of the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, interest expense on the note payable to Dell was not significant.
E. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
On March 5, 2020, two purported Pivotal stockholders filed a petition for appraisal in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Court”) seeking a judicial determination of the fair value of an aggregate total of 10,000,100 Pivotal shares (the “Appraisal Action”). Separately, on June 4, 2020, purported Pivotal stockholder Kenia Lopez filed a lawsuit in the Court against Dell, VMware, Michael Dell, Robert Mee and Cynthia Gaylor (the “Lopez Action”), which alleges breach of fiduciary duty and aiding and abetting, all tied to VMware’s acquisition of Pivotal. On July 16, 2020, purported Pivotal stockholder Stephanie Howarth filed a similar lawsuit against the same defendants asserting similar claims (the “Howarth Action”). On August 14, 2020, the Court entered an order consolidating the Appraisal Action, the Lopez Action and the Howarth Action into a single action (the “Consolidated Action”) for all purposes including pretrial discovery and trial. On June 23, 2020, the Company made a payment of $91 million to the petitioners in the Appraisal Action, which reduces the Company’s exposure to accumulating interest. The parties are now in the expert discovery and pretrial preparation stages of the lawsuit, with the trial currently scheduled to begin on July 6, 2022. The Company is unable at this time to assess whether or to what extent it may be found liable and, if found liable, what the damages may be and believes a loss is not probable and reasonably estimable. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in connection with this matter.
On April 25, 2019, Cirba Inc. and Cirba IP, Inc. (collectively, “Cirba”) sued VMware in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (the “Delaware Court”) for allegedly infringing two patents and three trademarks. On October 22, 2019, VMware filed a separate lawsuit against Cirba Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia for infringing four additional VMware patents, and Cirba filed a counterclaim alleging infringement of an additional Cirba patent. On January 24, 2020, a jury returned a verdict that VMware had willfully infringed Cirba’s two patents and awarded approximately $237 million in damages. VMware accrued a total of $237 million as of January 31, 2020, which reflected the estimated losses that were considered both probable and reasonably estimable at that time. The amount accrued for this matter was included in accrued expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2020 and the charge was included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of income during the year ended January 31, 2020. On December 21, 2020, the Delaware Court granted VMware’s request for a new trial and set aside the verdict and damages award (“Post-Trial Order”). Thereafter, all claims and counterclaims were consolidated into a single action for all purposes, including four patents and three trademark claims asserted by Cirba and eight patents asserted by VMware. The parties are currently in the discovery phase of the litigation, with trial currently set for April 2023. Separately, VMware has filed challenges with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office against each of the four patents that are the subject of Cirba’s allegations. All of the challenges were granted and reviews are underway as follows: two patents are undergoing ex parte reexam review; one patent is undergoing an inter partes review; and one patent is undergoing a post-grant review. As of January 29, 2021, the Company reassessed its estimated loss accrual based on the Post-Trial Order and determined that a loss was no longer probable and reasonably estimable with respect to the consolidated action. Accordingly, the estimated loss accrual of $237 million recorded on the consolidated balance sheets was derecognized, with the credit included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of income during the year ended January 29, 2021. The Company is
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
unable at this time to assess whether, or to what extent, it may be found liable and, if found liable, what the damages may be. The Company intends to vigorously defend against this matter.
In December 2019, the staff of the Enforcement Division of the SEC requested documents and information related to VMware’s backlog and associated accounting and disclosures. VMware is fully cooperating with the SEC and is engaged in discussions with the SEC about a potential resolution. VMware is unable to predict the outcome of this matter at this time.
While VMware believes that it has valid defenses against each of the above legal matters, given the unpredictable nature of legal proceedings, an unfavorable resolution of one or more legal proceedings, claims, or investigations could have a material adverse effect on VMware’s consolidated financial statements.
VMware accrues for a liability when a determination has been made that a loss is both probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If only a range can be estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, an accrual is recorded for the minimum amount in the range. Significant judgment is required in both the determination that the occurrence of a loss is probable and is reasonably estimable. In making such judgments, VMware considers the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Legal costs are generally recognized as expense when incurred.
VMware is also subject to other legal, administrative and regulatory proceedings, claims, demands and investigations in the ordinary course of business or in connection with business mergers and acquisitions, including claims with respect to commercial, contracting and sales practices, product liability, intellectual property, employment, corporate and securities law, class action, whistleblower and other matters. From time to time, VMware also receives inquiries from and has discussions with government entities and stockholders on various matters. As of January 28, 2022, amounts accrued relating to these other matters arising as part of the ordinary course of business were considered not material. VMware does not believe that any liability from any reasonably possible disposition of such claims and litigation, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Contractual Commitments
VMware’s minimum contractual commitments as of January 28, 2022 were as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Purchase Obligations | | Asset Retirement Obligations | | Total |
2023 | | | $ | 473 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 474 | |
2024 | | | 101 | | | 1 | | | 102 | |
2025 | | | 39 | | | 3 | | | 42 | |
2026 | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | 3 | |
2027 | | | 1 | | | 9 | | | 10 | |
Thereafter | | | — | | | 6 | | | 6 | |
Total | | | $ | 615 | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | 637 | |
VMware’s contractual commitments also include principal payments on the unsecured senior notes and senior unsecured term loan facilities, leased office facilities and equipment under various lease arrangements and tax obligations. Refer to Note J for more information on VMware’s debt commitments, Note N for more information on VMware’s lease commitments and Note P for more information on VMware’s tax obligations.
Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations
VMware enters into agreements in the ordinary course of business with, among others, customers, distributors, resellers, system vendors and systems integrators. Most of these agreements require VMware to indemnify the other party against third-party claims alleging that a VMware product infringes or misappropriates a patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret or other intellectual property right. Certain of these agreements require VMware to indemnify the other party against certain claims relating to property damage, personal injury, or the acts or omissions of VMware, its employees, agents, or representatives.
Additionally, following the Spin-Off, VMware and Dell have agreed to indemnify one another pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement for certain tax liabilities or tax benefits relating to periods prior to the Spin-Off. Refer to Note P for more information.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
VMware has agreements with certain vendors, financial institutions, lessors and service providers pursuant to which VMware has agreed to indemnify the other party for specified matters, such as acts and omissions of VMware, its employees, agents, or representatives.
VMware has procurement or license agreements with respect to technology that it has obtained the right to use in VMware’s products and agreements. Under some of these agreements, VMware has agreed to indemnify the supplier for certain claims that may be brought against such party with respect to VMware’s acts or omissions relating to the supplied products or technologies.
VMware has agreed to indemnify the directors and executive officers of VMware, to the extent legally permissible, against all liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with any action in which such individual may be involved by reason of such individual being or having been a director or executive officer. VMware’s by-laws and charter also provide for indemnification of directors and officers of VMware and VMware subsidiaries to the extent legally permissible, against all liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with any action in which such individual may be involved by reason of such individual being or having been a director or executive officer. VMware also indemnifies certain employees who provide services with respect to employee benefits plans, including, for example, the members of the Administrative Committee of the VMware 401(k) Plan and employees who serve as directors or officers of VMware’s subsidiaries.
In connection with certain acquisitions, VMware has agreed to indemnify the former directors and officers of the acquired company in accordance with the acquired company’s by-laws and charter in effect immediately prior to the acquisition or in accordance with indemnification or similar agreements entered into by the acquired company and such persons. VMware typically purchases a “tail” directors and officers insurance policy, which should enable VMware to recover a portion of any future indemnification obligations related to the former officers and directors of an acquired company.
It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the relatively small number of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular situation. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
F. Business Combinations, Definite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net and Goodwill
Business Combinations
Fiscal 2021
Acquisition of SaltStack, Inc.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2021, VMware completed the acquisition of SaltStack, Inc., a developer of intelligent, event-driven automation software, to broaden VMware’s Cloud Management capabilities from infrastructure to applications. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $51 million. The purchase price primarily included $29 million of identifiable intangible assets and $24 million of goodwill that was not deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets, which primarily consisted of completed technology, had estimated useful lives of three years.
Acquisition of Datrium, Inc.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2021, VMware completed the acquisition of Datrium, Inc., a provider of cloud-native disaster recovery solutions, to broaden the VMware Site Recovery Disaster Recovery as a Service offerings. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $137 million. The purchase price primarily included $25 million of identifiable intangible assets and $91 million of goodwill. The identifiable intangible assets, which primarily consisted of completed technology, had estimated useful lives of three years to five years. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company evaluated facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and adjusted the provisional amount recorded to deferred tax asset, resulting in an increase of $40 million to goodwill, and determined that intangible assets and the majority of goodwill were deductible for tax purposes.
Acquisition of Lastline, Inc.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2021, VMware completed the acquisition of Lastline, Inc., a provider of network-based security breach detection products and services, to enhance capabilities for network detection and threat analysis on VMware NSX and SD-WAN offerings. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $114 million. The purchase price primarily included $29 million of identifiable intangible assets and $86 million of goodwill that was not deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets, which primarily consisted of completed technology, had estimated useful lives of one year to four years.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Acquisition of Nyansa, Inc.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, VMware completed the acquisition of Nyansa, Inc., a developer of artificial intelligence-based network analytics, to accelerate the delivery of end-to-end monitoring and troubleshooting capacities within VMware SD-WAN by VeloCloud. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $38 million. The purchase price primarily included $14 million of identifiable intangible assets and $24 million of goodwill that was not deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets, which primarily consisted of completed technology, had estimated useful lives of one year to four years.
Other Fiscal 2021 Acquisitions
During the year ended January 29, 2021, VMware completed five other acquisitions, which were not material, individually or in aggregate, to the consolidated financial statements. VMware expected these acquisitions to primarily enhance its product features and capabilities for its VMware Carbon Black Cloud and vRealize Operations offerings. The aggregate purchase price for these five acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $62 million and primarily included $52 million of identifiable intangible assets and $16 million of goodwill, the majority of which was deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets, which primarily consisted of completed technology, had estimated useful lives of one year to five years.
For each of the acquisitions completed during fiscal 2021, the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill, which management believed represented synergies expected from combining the technologies of VMware with those of the acquired businesses. The estimated fair value assigned to the tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities were based on management's estimates and assumptions.
The pro forma financial information assuming these fiscal 2021 acquisitions had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year of acquisition, as well as the revenue and earnings generated during the current fiscal year, were not material for disclosure purposes.
Fiscal 2020
Acquisition of Pivotal
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware completed the acquisition of Pivotal, a leading cloud-native platform provider, to enhance VMware’s cloud native Kubernetes portfolio. Refer to Note B for more information.
Acquisition of Carbon Black
During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware completed the acquisition of Carbon Black, a developer of cloud-native endpoint protection, in a cash tender offer for all of the outstanding shares of Carbon Black’s common stock, at a price of $26.00 per share. VMware acquired Carbon Black to create a comprehensive intrinsic security portfolio to protect workloads, clients and infrastructure from cloud to edge. Management believed the acquisition would result in synergies with the Carbon Black platform and its VMware NSX and VMware Workspace ONE offerings, among others, and enable VMware to offer a highly differentiated intrinsic security platform addressing multiple concerns of the security industry. The total purchase price was $2.0 billion, net of cash acquired of $111 million.
Merger consideration totaling $18 million was held with a third-party paying agent and was payable to certain employees of Carbon Black subject to specified future employment conditions, and was being recognized as expense over the requisite service period of approximately two years on a straight-line basis.
VMware assumed all of Carbon Black’s unvested stock options and restricted stock outstanding at the completion of the acquisition with an estimated fair value of $181 million. Of the total consideration, $171 million was allocated to future services and would be expensed over the remaining requisite service periods of approximately three years on a straight-line basis. The estimated fair value of the stock options assumed by the Company was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The share conversion ratio of 0.2 was applied to convert Carbon Black’s outstanding equity awards into shares of VMware's common stock.
Acquisition of Avi Networks, Inc.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware completed the acquisition of Avi Networks, Inc. (“Avi Networks”), a provider of multi-cloud application delivery services. VMware acquired Avi Networks to provide customers with application delivery controller capabilities that include server load balancing for various applications and analytics. Together, VMware and Avi Networks expected to deliver a software defined networking stack built for the multi-cloud environment. The total purchase price was $326 million, net of cash acquired of $9 million.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Merger consideration totaling $27 million was held in escrow and was payable to certain employees of Avi Networks subject to specified future employment conditions and was being recognized as expense over the requisite service period of approximately three years on a straight-line basis.
The fair value of assumed unvested equity awards attributed to post-combination services was $32 million and was being expensed over the remaining requisite service periods of approximately three years on a straight-line basis. The estimated fair value of the stock options assumed by the Company was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Acquisition of AetherPal, Inc.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware completed the acquisition of AetherPal Inc., a provider of remote support solutions, to enhance VMware’s Workspace ONE offerings for a total purchase price of $45 million,
Other Fiscal 2020 Business Combinations
During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware completed four other acquisitions, which were not material individually or in aggregate to the consolidated financial statements. VMware expected these acquisitions to enhance its product features and capabilities for its Software-Defined Data Center solutions and SaaS offerings. The aggregate purchase price, net of cash acquired for these four acquisitions was $68 million.
The pro forma financial information assuming fiscal 2020 acquisitions had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year of acquisitions, as well as the revenue and earnings generated during the current fiscal year, were not material for disclosure purposes, both individually or in the aggregate.
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net
The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of definite-lived intangible assets during the periods presented (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 993 | | | $ | 1,172 | |
Additions related to business combinations and purchases of intangible assets | 24 | | | 149 | |
Amortization expense | (303) | | | (328) | |
| | | |
Balance, end of the year | $ | 714 | | | $ | 993 | |
As of the periods presented, definite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following (amounts in tables in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, 2022 |
| Weighted-Average Useful Lives (in years) | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Book Value |
Purchased technology | 5.3 | | $ | 836 | | | $ | (501) | | | $ | 335 | |
Customer relationships and customer lists | 11.5 | | 721 | | | (376) | | | 345 | |
Trademarks and tradenames | 7.7 | | 131 | | | (97) | | | 34 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total definite-lived intangible assets | | | $ | 1,688 | | | $ | (974) | | | $ | 714 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 29, 2021 |
| Weighted-Average Useful Lives (in years) | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Book Value |
Purchased technology | 5.3 | | $ | 948 | | | $ | (462) | | | $ | 486 | |
Customer relationships and customer lists | 11.4 | | 727 | | | (281) | | | 446 | |
Trademarks and tradenames | 7.6 | | 132 | | | (78) | | | 54 | |
Other | 2.0 | | 21 | | | (14) | | | 7 | |
Total definite-lived intangible assets | | | $ | 1,828 | | | $ | (835) | | | $ | 993 | |
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amortization expense on definite-lived intangible assets was $303 million, $328 million and $300 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Based on intangible assets recorded as of January 28, 2022 and assuming no subsequent additions, dispositions or impairment of underlying assets, the remaining estimated annual amortization expense over the next five fiscal years and thereafter is expected to be as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | |
2023 | $ | 253 | |
2024 | 201 | |
2025 | 109 | |
2026 | 69 | |
2027 | 38 | |
Thereafter | 44 | |
Total | $ | 714 | |
Goodwill
The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the periods presented (table in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 9,599 | | | $ | 9,329 | |
Change in goodwill due to business combinations and related adjustments | (1) | | | 270 | |
Balance, end of the year | $ | 9,598 | | | $ | 9,599 | |
G. Realignment
During the third quarter of fiscal 2021, VMware approved a plan to streamline its operations and better align resources with its business priorities. As a result of this action, approximately 280 positions were eliminated during the year ended January 29, 2021. VMware recognized $42 million of severance-related realignment expenses during the year ended January 29, 2021 on the consolidated statements of income. Actions associated with this plan were substantially complete by the end of fiscal 2021.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware approved a plan to streamline its operations, with plans to better align business priorities and shift positions to lower cost locations. As a result of these actions, approximately 1,100 positions were eliminated during the year ended January 31, 2020. VMware recognized $79 million of severance-related realignment expenses during the year ended January 31, 2020 on the consolidated statements of income. Actions associated with this plan were completed during fiscal 2021.
The following tables summarize the activity for the accrued realignment expenses during the year ended January 29, 2021 (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended January 29, 2021 |
| Balance as of January 31, 2020 | | Realignment Expense | | Utilization | | Balance as of January 29, 2021 | | |
Severance-related costs | $ | 74 | | | $ | 42 | | | $ | (113) | | | $ | 3 | | | |
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H. Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period, as calculated using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities primarily include unvested restricted stock, which includes restricted stock unit (“RSU”) and PSU awards, and stock options, including purchase options under VMware’s employee stock purchase plan, which included Pivotal’s employee stock purchase plan through the date of acquisition. Securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive. Prior to the Spin-Off, VMware used
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
the two-class method to calculate net income per share. Since both classes shared the same rights in dividends, basic and diluted earnings per share were the same for both Class A Stock and Class B Stock. Automatically as a result of the Spin-Off, each share of Class B Stock converted into one share of Class A Stock and Class A Stock became, and remains, the sole outstanding class of VMware common stock, and, as a result, the two-class method is no longer applicable to the Company’s calculation of net income per share.
The following table sets forth the computations of basic and diluted net income per share during the periods presented (table in millions, except per share amounts and shares in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Net income attributable to VMware, Inc. | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,820 | | | $ | 2,058 | | | $ | 6,412 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares of common stock, basic | | | | | | | | | 419,504 | | | 419,841 | | | 417,058 | |
Effect of other dilutive securities | | | | | | | | | 2,890 | | | 3,399 | | | 8,177 | |
Weighted-average shares of common stock, diluted | | | | | | | | | 422,394 | | | 423,240 | | | 425,235 | |
Net income per weighted-average share of common stock attributable to VMware, Inc. common stockholders, basic | | | | | | | | | $ | 4.34 | | | $ | 4.90 | | | $ | 15.37 | |
Net income per weighted-average share of common stock attributable to VMware, Inc. common stockholders, diluted | | | | | | | | | $ | 4.31 | | | $ | 4.86 | | | $ | 15.08 | |
The following table sets forth the weighted-average common share equivalents of Class A Stock that were excluded from the diluted net income per share calculations during the periods presented because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (shares in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Anti-dilutive securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Employee stock options | | | | | | | | | 57 | | | 150 | | | 34 | |
Restricted stock units | | | | | | | | | 463 | | | 5,038 | | | 315 | |
Total | | | | | | | | | 520 | | | 5,188 | | | 349 | |
I. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents totaled $3.6 billion and $4.7 billion as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. Cash equivalents were $3.0 billion as of January 28, 2022 and consisted of money-market funds of $3.0 billion and time deposits of $34 million. Cash equivalents were $3.8 billion as of January 29, 2021 and consisted of money-market funds of $3.7 billion and time deposits of $102 million.
Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, and current and non-current portion of restricted cash reported on the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of the periods presented (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,614 | | | $ | 4,692 | |
Restricted cash within other current assets | 43 | | | 56 | |
Restricted cash within other assets | 6 | | | 22 | |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 3,663 | | | $ | 4,770 | |
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts included in restricted cash primarily relate to certain employee-related benefits, as well as amounts related to installment payments to certain employees as part of acquisitions, subject to the achievement of specified future employment conditions.
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments totaled $19 million and $23 million as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively, and consisted of marketable equity securities. Refer to Note K for more information regarding the Company’s marketable equity securities.
J. Debt
Unsecured Senior Notes
On August 2, 2021, VMware issued five series of unsecured senior notes pursuant to a public debt offering (the “2021 Senior Notes”). The proceeds from the 2021 Senior Notes were $5.9 billion, net of debt discount of $11 million and debt issuance costs of $47 million. The proceeds from the 2021 Senior Notes were used to fund a portion of the Special Dividend in connection with the Spin-Off.
VMware also has unsecured senior notes issued on April 7, 2020 (the “2020 Senior Notes”) and on August 21, 2017 (the “2017 Senior Notes", collectively with the 2020 Senior Notes and 2021 Senior Notes, the “Senior Notes”).
The carrying value of the Senior Notes as of the periods presented was as follows (amounts in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | Effective Interest Rate | |
| 2022 | | 2021 | |
2017 Senior Notes: | | | | | | |
2.95% Senior Note Due August 21, 2022 | $ | — | | | $ | 1,500 | | | 3.17% | |
3.90% Senior Note Due August 21, 2027 | 1,250 | | | 1,250 | | | 4.05% | |
2020 Senior Notes: | | | | | | |
4.50% Senior Note Due May 15, 2025 | 750 | | | 750 | | | 4.70% | |
4.65% Senior Note Due May 15, 2027 | 500 | | | 500 | | | 4.80% | |
4.70% Senior Note Due May 15, 2030 | 750 | | | 750 | | | 4.86% | |
2021 Senior Notes: | | | | | | |
0.60% Senior Note Due August 15, 2023 | 1,000 | | | — | | | 0.95% | |
1.00% Senior Note Due August 15, 2024 | 1,250 | | | — | | | 1.23% | |
1.40% Senior Note Due August 15, 2026 | 1,500 | | | — | | | 1.61% | |
1.80% Senior Note Due August 15, 2028 | 750 | | | — | | | 2.01% | |
2.20% Senior Note Due August 15, 2031 | 1,500 | | | — | | | 2.32% | |
Total principal amount | 9,250 | | | 4,750 | | | | |
Less: unamortized discount | (15) | | | (7) | | | | |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | (61) | | | (26) | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Long-term debt | $ | 9,174 | | | $ | 4,717 | | | | |
On January 18, 2022, VMware exercised a make-whole call and redeemed the $1.5 billion unsecured senior note due August 21, 2022 at a premium. The loss on extinguishment of debt was $21 million during the year ended January 28, 2022 and was recognized in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
On May 11, 2020, VMware exercised a make-whole call and redeemed the $1.3 billion unsecured senior note due August 21, 2020 at a premium. The loss on extinguishment of debt was not material during the year ended January 29, 2021 and was
recognized in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
Interest on the 2021 Senior Notes is payable semiannually in arrears, on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing on February 15, 2022. Interest on the 2020 Senior Notes is payable semiannually in arrears, on May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on November 15, 2020. The interest rate on the 2020 Senior Notes is subject to adjustment based on certain rating events. Interest on the 2017 Senior Notes is payable semiannually in arrears, on February 21 and August 21 of each year, commencing on February 21, 2018. Interest expense was $240 million, $183 million and $129
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively. Interest expense, which included amortization of discount and issuance costs, was recognized on the consolidated statements of income. The discount and issuance costs are amortized over the term of the Senior Notes on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method.
The Senior Notes are redeemable in whole at any time or in part from time to time at VMware’s option and may be subject to a make-whole premium. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change-of-control triggering events and certain downgrades of the ratings on the Senior Notes, VMware may be required to repurchase the notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the date of repurchase. The Senior Notes rank equally in right of payment with VMware’s other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness and contain restrictive covenants that, in certain circumstances, limit VMware’s ability to create certain liens, to enter into certain sale and leaseback transactions and to consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of VMware’s assets.
The future principal payments for the Senior Notes as of January 28, 2022 were as follows (amounts in millions):
| | | | | |
| |
2023 | $ | — | |
2024 | 1,000 | |
2025 | 1,250 | |
2026 | 750 | |
2027 | 1,500 | |
Thereafter | 4,750 | |
Total | $ | 9,250 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Refer to Note D for disclosure regarding the note payable to Dell.
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Facility
On September 2, 2021, VMware received commitments from financial institutions for a three-year senior unsecured term loan facility and a five-year senior unsecured term loan facility that provided the Company with a one-time aggregate borrowing capacity of up to $4.0 billion (the “2021 Term Loan”). On November 1, 2021, the Company drew down an aggregate of $4.0 billion with a weighted average interest rate of 0.90%. The drawdown was used to fund a portion of the Special Dividend in connection with the Spin-Off. On January 25, 2022, the Company repaid an aggregate of $500 million. As of January 28, 2022, the outstanding balance on the 2021 Term Loan of $3.5 billion, net of unamortized debt issuance cost, was included in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets.
On September 26, 2019, VMware entered into a senior unsecured term loan facility (the “2019 Term Loan”) with a syndicate of lenders that provided the Company with a borrowing capacity of up to $2.0 billion through February 7, 2020 for general corporate purposes. During the year ended January 31, 2020, the Company drew down an aggregate of $3.4 billion and repaid an aggregate of $1.9 billion. During the third quarter of fiscal 2021, VMware repaid the outstanding balance of $1.5 billion on the 2019 Term Loan.
The 2021 Term Loan, together with the 2019 Term Loan (the “Term Loan”) contain certain representations, warranties and covenants. Commitment fees incurred on the Term Loan were not significant for the periods presented. Interest expense for the Term Loan, including amortization of issuance costs, was not significant during the year ended January 28, 2022, and was $17 million and $15 million during the years ended January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Revolving Credit Facility
On September 2, 2021, VMware entered into an unsecured credit agreement establishing a revolving credit facility with a syndicate of lenders that provides the Company with a borrowing capacity of up to $1.5 billion for general corporate purposes (the “2021 Revolving Credit Facility”). The 2021 Revolving Credit Facility replaced the Company’s existing $1.0 billion revolving credit facility that was entered into on September 12, 2017 and was undrawn. Commitments under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility are available for a period of five years, which may be extended, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, by up to two one-year periods. As of January 28, 2022, there was no outstanding borrowing under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility. The credit agreement contains certain representations, warranties and covenants. Commitment fees, interest rates and other terms of borrowing under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility may vary based on VMware’s external credit ratings. The amount incurred in connection with the ongoing commitment fee, which is payable quarterly in arrears, was not significant during the year ended January 28, 2022.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
K. Fair Value Measurements
Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Certain financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. VMware determines fair value using the following hierarchy:
•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
VMware did not have any significant assets or liabilities that were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the periods presented, and there have been no transfers between fair value measurement levels during the periods presented.
The following tables set forth the fair value hierarchy of VMware’s cash equivalents and short-term investments that were required to be measured at fair value as of the periods presented (tables in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, 2022 |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Total |
Cash equivalents: | | | | | |
Money-market funds | $ | 2,998 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,998 | |
Time deposits(1) | — | | | 34 | | | 34 | |
Total cash equivalents | $ | 2,998 | | | $ | 34 | | | $ | 3,032 | |
Short-term investments: | | | | | |
Marketable equity securities | $ | 19 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 19 | |
Total short-term investments | $ | 19 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 19 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 29, 2021 |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Total |
Cash equivalents: | | | | | |
Money-market funds | $ | 3,738 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,738 | |
Time deposits(1) | — | | | 102 | | | 102 | |
Total cash equivalents | $ | 3,738 | | | $ | 102 | | | $ | 3,840 | |
Short-term investments: | | | | | |
Marketable equity securities | $ | 23 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 23 | |
Total short-term investments | $ | 23 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 23 | |
(1) Time deposits were valued at amortized cost, which approximated fair value.
The Senior Notes, 2021 Term Loan and note payable to Dell were not recorded at fair value. The fair value of the Senior Notes was approximately $9.3 billion and $5.3 billion as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. The fair value of the 2021 Term Loan approximated its carrying value as of January 28, 2022. The fair value of the note payable to Dell was $276 million as of January 29, 2021. VMware repaid the outstanding balance of $270 million on the note payable to Dell during the third quarter of fiscal 2022. Fair value for the Senior Notes and note payable to Dell was estimated primarily based on observable market interest rates (Level 2 inputs).
VMware offers a deferred compensation plan for eligible employees, which allows participants to defer payment for part or all of their compensation. There is no net impact to the consolidated statements of income since changes in the fair value of the assets offset changes in the fair value of the liabilities. As such, assets and liabilities associated with this plan have not been included in the above tables. Assets associated with this plan were the same as the liabilities at $162 million and $140 million as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively, and were included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Liabilities associated with this plan were included in accrued expenses and other of $16 million and in other liabilities of
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
$146 million on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 28, 2022. Liabilities associated with this plan of $140 million were included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 29, 2021.
Equity Securities With a Readily Determinable Fair Value
VMware’s equity securities include an investment in a company that completed its initial public offering during the third quarter of fiscal 2021. The fair value of the investment is based on quoted prices for identical assets in an active market (Level 1). As of January 29, 2021, this investment had a fair value of $162 million, of which $139 million was included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets due to a certain sale restriction and $23 million was included in short-term investments as they were unrestricted and available for sale. The sale restriction lapsed for the remaining shares during the first quarter of fiscal 2022. As of January 28, 2022, the fair value of the investment was $19 million and was included in short-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets.
The carrying value at the time of sale for the investments sold during the years ended January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021 was $83 million and $26 million, respectively. A loss of $37 million and a gain of $23 million were recognized on the investments sold during the years ended January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. An unrealized loss of $29 million was recognized during the year ended January 28, 2022 on the investment still held as of January 28, 2022 . Unrealized gains of $140 million and $21 million were recognized during the years ended January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively on the investments still held as of January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively. All gains and losses on these securities, whether realized or unrealized, are recognized in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
Equity Securities Without a Readily Determinable Fair Value
VMware’s equity securities also include investments in privately held companies, which do not have a readily determinable fair value. As of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, investments in privately held companies, which consisted primarily of equity securities, had a carrying value of $163 million and $129 million, respectively, and were included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
During the years ended January 28, 2022 and January 31, 2020, gross upward adjustments of $29 million and $16 million, respectively, were recognized on securities still held as of January 28, 2022 and January 31, 2020, respectively. During the year ended January 29, 2021, gross downward adjustments of $14 million were recognized on securities still held as of January 29, 2021.
Unrealized gains, net recognized on securities still held as of January 28, 2022 and January 31, 2020 were $25 million and $14 million, respectively, during the years ended January 28, 2022 and January 31, 2020, respectively. Unrealized losses, net recognized on securities still held as of January 29, 2021 were $12 million during the year ended January 29, 2021. All gains and losses on these securities, whether realized or unrealized, are recognized in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
L. Derivatives and Hedging Activities
VMware conducts business on a global basis in multiple foreign currencies, subjecting the Company to foreign currency risk. To mitigate a portion of this risk, VMware utilizes hedging contracts as described below, which potentially expose the Company to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. VMware manages counterparty risk by seeking counterparties of high credit quality and by monitoring credit ratings, credit spreads and other relevant public information about its counterparties. VMware does not, and does not intend to, use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Cash Flow Hedges
To mitigate its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations resulting from certain operating expenses denominated in certain foreign currencies, VMware enters into forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedging instruments as the accounting criteria for such designation are met. Therefore, the effective portion of gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of these instruments is initially reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets and is subsequently reclassified to the related operating expense line item on the consolidated statements of income in the same period that the underlying expenses are incurred. During the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, the effective portion of gains or losses reclassified to the consolidated statements of income was not significant. Interest charges or forward points on VMware’s forward contracts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and were recorded to the related operating expense line item on the consolidated statements of income in the same period that the interest charges are incurred.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
These forward contracts have maturities of fourteen months or less, and as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, outstanding forward contracts had a total notional value of $642 million and $486 million, respectively. The notional value represents the gross amount of foreign currency that will be bought or sold upon maturity of the forward contract. The fair value of these forward contracts was not significant as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021.
During the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, all cash flow hedges were considered effective.
Forward Contracts Not Designated as Hedges
VMware has established a program that utilizes forward contracts to offset the foreign currency risk associated with net outstanding monetary asset and liability positions. These forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments under applicable accounting guidance, and therefore all changes in the fair value of the forward contracts are reported in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
These forward contracts generally have a maturity of one month, and as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, outstanding forward contracts had a total notional value of $1.5 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. The notional value represents the gross amount of foreign currency that will be bought or sold upon maturity of the forward contract. The fair value of these forward contracts was not significant as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021.
Gains related to the settlement of forward contracts were $57 million and $54 million during the years ended January 28, 2022 and January 31, 2020, respectively. The loss related to the settlement of forward contracts was $63 million during the year ended January 29, 2021. Gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
The combined gains and losses related to the settlement of forward contracts and the underlying foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities were not significant during the year ended January 28, 2022. The combined gains and losses related to the settlement of forward contracts and the underlying foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities resulted in net gains of $31 million during each of the years ended January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020. Net gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.
M. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, as of the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Equipment and software | $ | 1,729 | | | $ | 1,620 | |
Buildings and improvements | 1,170 | | | 1,137 | |
Furniture and fixtures | 134 | | | 132 | |
Capital in progress | 179 | | | 82 | |
Total property and equipment | 3,212 | | | 2,971 | |
Accumulated depreciation | (1,751) | | | (1,637) | |
Total property and equipment, net | $ | 1,461 | | | $ | 1,334 | |
Capital in progress primarily consisted of capitalized costs associated with the development of internal-use software and various building and site improvements that had not yet been placed into service.
Depreciation expense was $276 million, $253 million and $234 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
N. Leases
VMware has operating and finance leases primarily related to office facilities and equipment, which have remaining lease terms of one month to 24 years.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The components of lease expense during the periods presented were as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Operating lease expense | | | | | | | | | $ | 192 | | | $ | 190 | | | $ | 167 | |
Finance lease expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of ROU assets | | | | | | | | | 6 | | | 6 | | | 4 |
Interest on lease liabilities | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | 1 |
Total finance lease expense | | | | | | | | | 7 | | | 8 | | | 5 |
Short-term lease expense | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | 3 | | | 3 |
Variable lease expense | | | | | | | | | 31 | | | 29 | | | 31 |
Total lease expense | | | | | | | | | $ | 231 | | | $ | 230 | | | $ | 206 | |
From time to time, VMware enters into lease arrangements with Dell. Lease expense incurred for arrangements with Dell was not significant during the periods presented.
The Company subleases certain leased office space to third parties when it determines there is excess leased capacity. Sublease income was $20 million, $20 million and $22 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating and finance leases during the periods presented was as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Year Ended |
| | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | | | | $ | 173 | | | $ | 174 | | | $ | 167 | |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | | | | 1 | | | 1 | | 2 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | | | | 5 | | | 4 | | 1 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Operating leases | | | | $ | 225 | | | $ | 275 | | | $ | 226 | |
Finance leases | | | | — | | | 1 | | 63 |
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating and finance leases as of the periods presented was as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| January 28, 2022 |
| Operating Leases | | Finance Leases |
ROU assets, non-current(1) | $ | 1,062 | | | $ | 46 | |
| | | |
Lease liabilities, current(2) | $ | 145 | | | $ | 5 | |
Lease liabilities, non-current(3) | 927 | | | 43 | |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 1,072 | | | $ | 48 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 29, 2021 |
| Operating Leases | | Finance Leases |
ROU assets, non-current(1) | $ | 997 | | | $ | 53 | |
| | | |
Lease liabilities, current(2) | $ | 109 | | | $ | 5 | |
Lease liabilities, non-current(3) | 891 | | | 50 | |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 1,000 | | | $ | 55 | |
(1) ROU assets for operating leases are included in other assets and ROU assets for finance leases are included in property and equipment, net on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2) Current lease liabilities are included primarily in accrued expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3) Non-current operating lease liabilities are presented as operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Non-current finance lease liabilities are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Lease term and discount rate related to operating and finance leases as of the periods presented were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) | | | |
Operating leases | 11.9 | | 12.6 |
Finance leases | 7.3 | | 8.3 |
Weighted-average discount rate | | | |
Operating leases | 3.2 | % | | 3.5 | % |
Finance leases | 2.9 | % | | 2.9 | % |
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The following represents VMware’s future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating and finance leases as of January 28, 2022 (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| Operating Leases | | Finance Leases |
2023 | $ | 176 | | | $ | 7 | |
2024 | 165 | | | 7 | |
2025 | 121 | | | 6 | |
2026 | 116 | | | 7 | |
2027 | 99 | | | 8 | |
Thereafter | 666 | | | 19 | |
Total future minimum lease payments | 1,343 | | | 54 | |
Less: Imputed interest | (271) | | | (6) | |
Total lease liabilities(1) | $ | 1,072 | | | $ | 48 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
(1) Total lease liabilities as of January 28, 2022 excluded legally binding lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced of $29 million.
The amount of the future operating lease commitments after fiscal 2027 is primarily for the ground leases on VMware’s Palo Alto, California headquarter facilities, which expire in fiscal 2047. As several of VMware’s operating leases are payable in foreign currencies, the operating lease payments may fluctuate in response to changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the foreign currencies in which the commitments are payable.
O. Accrued Expenses and Other
Accrued expenses and other as of the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Accrued employee related expenses | $ | 1,412 | | | $ | 1,266 | |
Accrued partner liabilities | 212 | | | 218 | |
Customer deposits | 470 | | | 294 | |
Lease liabilities | 150 | | | 114 | |
Other(1) | 562 | | | 490 | |
Total | $ | 2,806 | | | $ | 2,382 | |
(1) Other primarily consists of interest accrual on outstanding debt, indirect tax accrual, and litigation accrual.
Accrued partner liabilities primarily relate to rebates and marketing development fund accruals for channel partners, system vendors and systems integrators. Accrued partner liabilities also include accruals for professional service arrangements for which VMware intends to leverage channel partners to directly fulfill the obligation to its customers.
P. Income Taxes
The domestic and foreign components of income before income tax for the periods presented were as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Domestic | $ | 633 | | | $ | 932 | | | $ | 895 | |
Foreign | 1,452 | | | 1,450 | | | 543 | |
Total income before income tax | $ | 2,085 | | | $ | 2,382 | | | $ | 1,438 | |
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
VMware’s income tax provision (benefit) for the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Federal: | | | | | |
Current | $ | 16 | | | $ | 157 | | | $ | 78 | |
Deferred | 64 | | | (19) | | | (219) | |
| 80 | | | 138 | | | (141) | |
State: | | | | | |
Current | 50 | | | 73 | | | 45 | |
Deferred | (13) | | | (14) | | | (44) | |
| 37 | | | 59 | | | 1 | |
Foreign: | | | | | |
Current | 279 | | | 246 | | | 240 | |
Deferred | (131) | | | (119) | | | (5,018) | |
| 148 | | | 127 | | | (4,778) | |
Total income tax provision (benefit) | $ | 265 | | | $ | 324 | | | $ | (4,918) | |
Provision for income taxes decreased during the year ended January 28, 2022 compared to January 29, 2021, primarily driven by $31 million discrete tax benefit related to the book and tax basis difference on the Company’s investment in equity securities recognized during the year ended January 28, 2022 as compared to a discrete tax expense of $52 million during the year ended January 29, 2021. The decrease was partially offset by a discrete tax benefit of $59 million due to an intra-group transfer of Pivotal’s intellectual property rights to the Company’s Irish subsidiary during the year ended January 29, 2021.
Provision for income taxes increased during the year ended January 29, 2021 compared to January 31, 2020, primarily driven by a decrease in discrete tax benefits related to intra-group transfers of certain of the Company’s intellectual property rights. The increase was also driven by a decrease in excess tax benefits recognized, which were $41 million during the year ended January 29, 2021 compared to $182 million during the year ended January 31, 2020.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company completed an intra-group transfer of certain of its intellectual property rights (the “IP”) to its Irish subsidiary, where its international business is headquartered (the “IP Transfer”). The transaction changed the Company’s mix of international income from a lower non-U.S. tax jurisdiction to Ireland, which is subject to a statutory tax rate of 12.5%. A discrete tax benefit of $4.9 billion was recognized with a deferred tax asset during the second quarter of fiscal 2020. This deferred tax asset was recognized as a result of the book and tax basis difference on the IP transferred to an Irish subsidiary and was based on the intellectual property’s current fair value.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
A reconciliation of VMware’s effective tax rate to the statutory federal tax rate for the periods presented was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Statutory federal tax rate | 21 | % | | 21 | % | | 21 | % |
State taxes, net of federal benefit | 1 | % | | 2 | % | | — | % |
Tax rate differential for non-U.S. jurisdictions | (10) | % | | (8) | % | | (3) | % |
Research and development tax credit | (4) | % | | (3) | % | | (8) | % |
| | | | | |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | (1) | % | | (1) | % | | (11) | % |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Discrete tax benefit due to IP Transfer(1) | — | % | | (2) | % | | (343) | % |
U.S. tax on foreign earnings | 1 | % | | 2 | % | | — | % |
Permanent items | 5 | % | | 3 | % | | — | % |
| | | | | |
Effective tax rate | 13 | % | | 14 | % | | (344) | % |
(1) A discrete tax benefit of $59 million was recognized with a deferred tax asset during the year ended January 29, 2021. This deferred tax asset was recognized as a result of intra-group transfer of Pivotal’s IP rights to an Irish subsidiary. A discrete tax benefit of $4.9 billion was recognized with a deferred tax asset during the year ended January 31, 2020. This deferred tax asset was recognized as a result of the book and tax basis difference on the IP transferred to an Irish subsidiary.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences resulting from differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to be reversed. Significant deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Deferred tax assets: | | | |
Accruals and other | $ | 280 | | | $ | 238 | |
Lease liabilities | 179 | | | 167 | |
Unearned revenue | 538 | | | 501 | |
Stock-based compensation | 76 | | | 86 | |
Tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards | 710 | | | 553 | |
Other assets, net | 135 | | | 54 | |
Intangible and other non-current assets | 4,916 | | | 4,900 | |
| | | |
Gross deferred tax assets | 6,834 | | | 6,499 | |
Valuation allowance | (471) | | | (366) | |
Total deferred tax assets | 6,363 | | | 6,133 | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | |
Deferred commissions | (177) | | | (158) | |
ROU Assets | (151) | | | (145) | |
Property, plant and equipment, net | (134) | | | (109) | |
| | | |
| | | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (462) | | | (412) | |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 5,901 | | | $ | 5,721 | |
The increase in net deferred tax assets from January 29, 2021 to January 28, 2022 was primarily driven by the increase in certain tax attributes, which were allocated from Dell, as a result of the Spin-Off of $165 million as of January 28, 2022.
VMware had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $269 million, $521 million and $9 million, as of January 28, 2022, respectively. VMware had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $655 million, $714 million and $191 million as of January 29, 2021, respectively. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will start to expire in fiscal 2023, if not utilized. These net operating losses have various carryforward periods, including certain
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
portions that can be carried forward indefinitely. The majority of the Company’s foreign net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely.
VMware had federal research and development (“R&D”) tax credit carryforwards of $164 million and $46 million as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. The federal R&D tax credit will start to expire in fiscal 2025, if not utilized. VMware also had California and other state R&D credit carryforwards for income tax purposes of $397 million and $323 million as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. The California R&D tax credit carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely and the other state R&D tax credit carryforwards will start to expire in fiscal 2023, if not utilized. In addition, VMware had federal foreign tax credit carryforwards of $49 million as of January 28, 2022 and the amount was not significant as of January 29, 2021. The federal foreign tax credit will start to expire in fiscal 2027, if not utilized. VMware also had non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards of $23 million and $22 million as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively, which can be carried forward indefinitely.
VMware determined that the realization of deferred tax assets relating to portions of the state R&D tax credits and foreign capital loss carryforwards did not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold. Accordingly, a valuation allowance of $471 million and $366 million was recorded as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. If, in the future, new evidence supports the realization of the deferred tax assets related to these items, the valuation allowance will be reversed and a tax benefit will be recorded accordingly.
VMware believes it is more-likely-than-not that the net deferred tax assets as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, will be realized in the foreseeable future as VMware believes that it will generate sufficient taxable income in future years. VMware's ability to generate sufficient taxable income in future years in appropriate tax jurisdictions will determine the amount of net deferred tax asset balances to be realized in future periods. During the year ended January 28, 2022, the total change in the valuation allowance was $105 million, which was primarily due to certain tax attributes allocated by Dell as a result of the Spin-Off and California R&D credits generated in the current year, partially offset by the California R&D credits usage.
For the periods presented, VMware’s rate of taxation in non-U.S. jurisdictions was lower than the U.S. tax rate. VMware’s non-U.S. earnings are primarily earned by its subsidiary organized in Ireland, where the statutory rate is 12.5%. Prior to the year ended February 2, 2018, the Company did not recognize a deferred tax liability related to undistributed foreign earnings of its subsidiaries because such earnings were considered to be indefinitely reinvested in its foreign operations, or were remitted substantially free of U.S. tax. Under the 2017 Tax Act, all foreign earnings are subject to U.S. taxation. As a result, the Company repatriated, and expects to continue to repatriate, a substantial portion of its foreign earnings over time, to the extent that the foreign earnings are not restricted by local laws or result in significant incremental costs associated with repatriating the foreign earnings. As of January 28, 2022, the amount of deferred tax liability related to the potential repatriation of foreign earnings was not material. Further developments in non-U.S. tax jurisdictions and unfavorable changes in non-U.S. tax laws and regulations, such as foreign tax laws enacted in response to the 2017 Tax Act, could result in adverse changes to global taxation and materially affect VMware’s financial position, results of operations, or annual effective tax rate.
Tax Agreements with Dell
Pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement, VMware and Dell agreed to terminate the former tax sharing agreement as amended on December 30, 2019 (the “Tax Sharing Agreement”, together with the Tax Matters Agreement and the Letter Agreement (as defined below), the “Tax Agreements”). The Tax Matters Agreement governs the Company’s and Dell’s respective rights and obligations, both for pre-Spin-Off periods and post-Spin-Off periods, regarding income and other taxes, and related matters, including tax liabilities and benefits, attributes and returns.
Prior to the Spin-Off, although VMware’s financial results were included in the Dell consolidated tax return for U.S. federal income tax purposes, VMware’s income tax provision or benefit was calculated primarily as though VMware was a separate taxpayer, with certain transactions between VMware and Dell being assessed using consolidated tax return rules. VMware was jointly and severally liable for tax obligation on Dell’s consolidated tax returns, and, as such, net amount due to Dell under the Tax Sharing Agreement of $451 million was included in income tax payable on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 29, 2021. This amount was primarily related to VMware’s estimated tax obligation resulting from the mandatory one-time transition tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries (the “Transition Tax”).
As a result of the Spin-Off, VMware is no longer a member of the Dell consolidated tax group and the Company’s U.S. federal income tax will be reported separately from that of the Dell consolidated tax group. VMware and Dell have agreed to indemnify one another, pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement, for certain tax liabilities or tax benefits relating to periods prior to the Spin-Off. Amounts due to and due from Dell under the Tax Matters Agreement were reclassified to current and non-current portions of due to related parties and due from related parties, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 28, 2022. Certain adjustments to these amounts that will be recognized in future periods will be recorded with an offset
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
to other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income. The actual amount that VMware may receive from or pay to Dell could vary depending on the outcome of tax matters arising from Dell’s future tax audits, which may not be resolved for several years.
Amounts due to and due from Dell pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement consisted of the following as of January 28, 2022 (table in millions):
| | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | |
| 2022 | | |
Due from related parties: | | | |
Current | $ | 6 | | | |
Non-current | 199 | | | |
Due to related parties: | | | |
Current | $ | 61 | | | |
Non-current | 909 | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
As of January 28, 2022, amounts due to Dell pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement primarily related to the Transition Tax of $504 million and uncertain tax positions of $276 million. The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) included a deferral election for an eight-year installment payment method on the Transition Tax. The Company expects to pay the remainder of its Transition Tax as of January 28, 2022 over a period of four years.
VMware has made payments to Dell pursuant to the Tax Agreements. The following table summarizes the payments made during the periods presented (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Payments from VMware to Dell, net(1) | $ | 36 | | | $ | 307 | | | $ | 159 | |
| | | | | |
(1) Included refunds received from Dell of $60 million during the year ended January 28, 2022.
Payments from VMware to Dell under the Tax Agreements relate to VMware’s portion of federal income taxes on Dell’s consolidated tax return, state tax payments for combined states and estimated tax obligation resulting from the Transition Tax. The timing of the tax payments due to and from Dell is governed by the Tax Agreements. VMware’s portion of the Transition Tax is governed by a letter agreement between Dell, EMC and VMware executed on April 1, 2019 (the “Letter Agreement”). Prior to the Spin-Off, VMware’s portion of federal income taxes on Dell’s consolidated tax return differed from the amounts VMware owed on a separate tax return basis and VMware’s payments to Dell generally were capped at the amount that VMware would have paid on a separate tax return basis. The difference between the amount of tax calculated on a separate tax return basis and the amount of tax calculated pursuant to the Tax Agreements was recorded as a decrease in additional paid-in capital of $67 million and $46 million, respectively, during the years ended January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021. The difference between the amount of tax calculated on a separate tax return basis and the amount of tax calculated pursuant to the Tax Agreements was recorded as an increase in additional paid-in capital of $85 million during the year ended January 31, 2020, primarily due to a reduction in Transition Tax liability based on the terms of the Letter Agreement and certain tax attribute determination made by Dell.
Pivotal Tax Sharing Agreement with Dell
Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, Pivotal historically received payments from Dell for tax benefits that Dell realized due to Pivotal’s inclusion on such returns. Payments received from Dell were recognized as a component of additional paid-in capital. During the year ended January 31, 2020, $25 million was recognized in additional paid-in capital related to Pivotal’s tax sharing agreement with Dell. There were no payments received from Dell during each of the years ended January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021.
In April 2019, Pivotal and Dell amended their tax sharing agreement with regard to the treatment of certain 2017 Tax Act implications not explicitly covered by the original terms of the tax sharing agreement. The amendment resulted in a one-time payment of $27 million by Dell to Pivotal in August 2019.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits, for the periods presented is as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 508 | | | $ | 479 | | | $ | 385 | |
Tax positions related to current year: | | | | | |
Additions | 68 | | | 65 | | | 116 | |
| | | | | |
Tax positions related to prior years: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Additions | 2 | | | 12 | | | 98 | |
Reductions | (10) | | | (25) | | | (7) | |
Settlements | (25) | | | (14) | | | (28) | |
Reductions resulting from a lapse of the statute of limitations | (10) | | | (14) | | | (83) | |
Foreign currency effects | (6) | | | 5 | | | (2) | |
Balance, end of the year | $ | 527 | | | $ | 508 | | | $ | 479 | |
Of the net unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, $242 million and $352 million were included in income tax payable on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. Approximately $397 million and $341 million, respectively, would, if recognized, benefit VMware's annual effective income tax rate. VMware includes interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters in the income tax provision. VMware had accrued $60 million and $48 million of interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as of January 28, 2022 and January 29, 2021, respectively. Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions included in income tax expense (benefit) were not significant during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020. Unrecognized tax benefits that VMware and Dell have agreed to indemnify one another for, pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement as a result of the Spin-Off, are recorded in the non-current portion of due to related parties on the consolidated balance sheets and were $276 million as of January 28, 2022.
The Dell consolidated group is routinely under audit by the IRS, including for years during which VMware was a part of the Dell-owned EMC consolidated group. All U.S. federal income tax matters have been concluded for years through fiscal 2016 while VMware was part of the Dell-owned EMC consolidated group. The IRS has started its examination of fiscal years 2015 through 2019 for the Dell consolidated group, of which VMware was part beginning with fiscal 2017. In addition, VMware is under corporate income tax audits in various states and non-U.S. jurisdictions. Pursuant to the Tax Agreements, when VMware becomes subject to federal tax audits for periods during which it was a member of Dell’s consolidated group, Dell has the authority to control the audit and represent Dell’s and VMware’s interests to the IRS.
Open tax years subject to examinations for larger non-U.S. jurisdictions vary beginning in 2008. Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. When considering the outcomes and the timing of tax examinations, the expiration of statutes of limitations for specific jurisdictions, or the timing and result of ruling requests from taxing authorities, it is reasonably possible that total unrecognized tax benefits could be potentially reduced by approximately $20 million within the next 12 months.
Q. Stockholders’ Equity
Special Dividend
On November 1, 2021, VMware paid an $11.5 billion Special Dividend, pro rata, to each of the holders of Class A Stock and Class B Stock as of the Record Date. The Special Dividend was recorded as a reduction to retained earnings and then to additional paid-in capital until each of the respective balances were reduced to zero. The remaining amount was recorded to accumulated deficit. Automatically as a result of the Spin-Off, each share of Class B Stock converted into one fully paid and non-assessable share of Class A Stock and Class A Stock became, and remains, the sole outstanding class of VMware’s common stock. Refer to Note A for more information regarding the Spin-Off.
Equity awards that were outstanding at the time of the Special Dividend were adjusted pursuant to existing anti-dilution provisions in the Company’s stock plan documents that provide for equitable adjustments to be determined by VMware’s
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Compensation Committee in the event of an extraordinary cash dividend. A conversion ratio based on the per share dividend amount and VMware’s closing stock price on November 1, 2021 was used to adjust the equity awards outstanding at the time of the Special Dividend. The anti-dilution adjustments to awards proportionately increased the number of outstanding restricted stock units and stock options and reduced the exercise prices of outstanding stock options by a conversion ratio of 1.2191, resulting in an increase of 4.2 million restricted stock units and stock options. The adjustments did not result in incremental stock-based compensation expense as the anti-dilutive adjustments were required by the Company’s equity incentive plan.
VMware Equity Plan
In June 2007, VMware adopted its 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”). On June 25, 2019 and July 23, 2021, VMware amended its 2007 Plan to increase the number of shares available for issuance by 13.0 million shares and 15.0 million shares of Class A Stock, respectively. As of January 28, 2022, 183.7 million shares have been authorized for issuance or substituted in the course of business combinations pursuant to the terms of the 2007 Plan since its inception, including 16.6 million shares that were automatically added pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the 2007 Plan triggered by payments of the special dividend during fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2022 (the “Anti-Dilution Adjustment”).
Awards under the 2007 Plan may be in the form of stock-based awards, such as restricted stock units, or stock options. VMware’s Compensation Committee determines the vesting schedule for all equity awards. Generally, restricted stock grants made under the 2007 Plan have a three-year to four-year period over which they vest and vest 25% the first year and semi-annually thereafter. The per share exercise price for a stock option awarded under the 2007 Plan shall not be less than 100% of the per share fair market value of VMware Class A Stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2007 Plan vest 25% after the first year and monthly thereafter over the following three years and expire between six and seven years from the date of grant. VMware utilizes both authorized and unissued shares to satisfy all shares issued under the 2007 Plan. As of January 28, 2022, there was an aggregate of 36.5 million shares of common stock available for issuance pursuant to future grants under the 2007 Plan, including 9.5 million shares included in the Anti-Dilution Adjustment.
Pivotal Equity Plan
Prior to the acquisition of Pivotal, Pivotal granted stock-based awards, such as restricted stock units or stock options to its employees. Pivotal’s restricted stock grants generally vested over four years and options granted generally vested over 48 months. Upon completion of the acquisition by VMware, no further awards will be granted under the plan. Pivotal’s outstanding unvested RSUs and options on the date of the acquisition were converted to VMware RSUs and options and valued at their historical carrying amounts.
VMware Stock Repurchases
VMware purchases stock from time to time in open market transactions, subject to market conditions. The timing of any repurchases and the actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including VMware’s stock price, cash requirements for operations and business combinations, corporate, legal and regulatory requirements and other market and economic conditions. VMware is not obligated to purchase any shares under its stock repurchase programs. Purchases may be discontinued at any time VMware believes additional purchases are not warranted. All shares repurchased under VMware’s stock repurchase programs are retired.
The following table summarizes stock repurchase authorizations approved by VMware’s board of directors, which were open or completed during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020 (amounts in table in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Announcement Date | | Amount Authorized | | Expiration Date | | Status |
October 7, 2021(1) | | $ | 2,000 | | | February 2, 2024 | | Open |
July 15, 2020 | | 1,000 | | | January 28, 2022 | | Terminated(2) |
May 29, 2019 | | 1,500 | | | January 28, 2022(3) | | Completed in fiscal 2022 |
August 14, 2017 | | 1,000 | | | August 31, 2019 | | Completed in fiscal 2020 |
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(1) The October 2021 authorization was effective as of November 1, 2021.
(2) The July 2020 authorization, under which $183 million remained unpurchased, was terminated on November 1, 2021.
(3) In July 2020, VMware’s Board of Directors extended its authorization of the existing stock repurchase program through January 28, 2022.
In the aggregate, $1.7 billion remained available for repurchase as of January 28, 2022.
The following table summarizes stock repurchase activity during the periods presented (aggregate purchase price in millions, shares in thousands):
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Aggregate purchase price(1) | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,169 | | | $ | 945 | | | $ | 1,334 | |
Class A Stock repurchased | | | | | | | | | 8,197 | | | 6,944 | | | 7,664 | |
Weighted-average price per share | | | | | | | | | $ | 142.61 | | | $ | 136.13 | | | $ | 174.02 | |
(1) The aggregate purchase price of repurchased shares is classified as a reduction to additional paid-in capital until the balance is reduced to zero and the excess is recorded as a reduction to retained earnings (accumulated deficit).
VMware and Pivotal Restricted Stock
VMware’s restricted stock primarily consists of RSU awards granted to employees. The value of an RSU grant is based on VMware’s stock price on the date of the grant. The shares underlying the RSU awards are not issued until the RSUs vest. Upon vesting, each RSU converts into one share of VMware’s Class A Stock.
VMware’s restricted stock also includes PSU awards granted to certain VMware executives and employees. PSU awards have performance conditions and, in certain cases, a time-based or market-based vesting component. Upon vesting, PSU awards convert into VMware’s Class A Stock at various ratios ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 shares per PSU, depending upon the degree of achievement of the performance or market-based target designated by each award. If minimum performance thresholds are not achieved, then no shares are issued.
Pivotal’s restricted stock consisted of RSU awards. The value of the grant was based on Pivotal’s stock price on the date of the grant. Upon the completion of the acquisition by VMware, all outstanding Pivotal RSUs were converted to VMware RSUs using a conversion ratio of 0.1.
The following table summarizes restricted stock activity since February 1, 2019 (units in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| VMware | | Pivotal |
| Number of Units | | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit) | | Number of Units | | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit) |
Outstanding, February 1, 2019(1) | 18,215 | | | $ | 90.06 | | | 9,501 | | | $ | 15.77 | |
Granted(2) | 9,074 | | | 157.07 | | | 20,504 | | | 16.02 | |
Vested | (8,179) | | | 80.28 | | | (4,009) | | | 15.56 | |
Forfeited(3) | (1,636) | | | 101.29 | | | (25,996) | | | 16.01 | |
Outstanding, January 31, 2020 | 17,474 | | | 128.38 | | | — | | | — | |
Granted | 11,201 | | | 149.63 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Vested | (8,296) | | | 114.59 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Forfeited | (2,589) | | | 137.55 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Outstanding, January 29, 2021 | 17,790 | | | 147.46 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Granted | 12,400 | | | 141.46 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Special Dividend adjustment | 4,068 | | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a |
Vested | (7,593) | | | 134.00 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Forfeited | (3,663) | | | 146.13 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Outstanding, January 28, 2022 | 23,002 | | | 123.06 | | | n/a | | n/a |
| | | | | | | |
(1) The weighted-average grant date fair value of outstanding restricted stock as of February 1, 2019 reflected the adjustments to the awards as a result of the special dividend in July 2018.
(2) Restricted stock granted under the 2007 Plan included 2.2 million RSU awards issued for outstanding unvested RSUs as part of the Pivotal acquisition.
(3) Restricted stock forfeited under the Pivotal equity plan included 21.7 million RSU awards that were converted to VMware RSU awards as part of the Pivotal acquisition, using a conversion ratio of 0.1.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
As of January 28, 2022, the 23.0 million units outstanding included 22.0 million of RSUs and 1.0 million of PSUs. The above table includes RSUs issued for outstanding unvested RSUs in connection with business combinations.
Restricted stock that is expected to vest as of January 28, 2022 was as follows (units in thousands, aggregate intrinsic value in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Number of Units | | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) |
Expected to vest | 19,885 | | | 1.30 | | $ | 2,568 | |
(1) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic values based on VMware's closing stock price of $129.14 as of January 28, 2022, which would have been received by the restricted stock holders had the restricted stock been issued as of January 28, 2022.
The aggregate vesting date fair value of VMware’s restricted stock that vested during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, was $1.1 billion, $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively. As of January 28, 2022, restricted stock representing 23.0 million shares of VMware’s Class A Stock were outstanding, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $3.0 billion based on VMware’s closing stock price as of January 28, 2022.
The aggregate vesting date fair value of Pivotal’s restricted stock that vested during the year ended January 31, 2020, prior to the acquisition, was $68 million. No restricted stock vested during the year ended February 1, 2019.
VMware and Pivotal Employee Stock Purchase Plans
In June 2007, VMware adopted its 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which is intended to be qualified under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. On June 25, 2019 and July 23, 2021, VMware amended its ESPP to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance by 9.0 million shares and 5.0 million shares of Class A Stock, respectively. As of January 28, 2022, the number of authorized shares under the ESPP was 37.3 million shares. Under the ESPP, eligible VMware employees are granted options to purchase shares at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant or 85% of the fair market value at the time of exercise. The option period is generally twelve months and includes two embedded six-month option periods. Options are exercised at the end of each embedded option period. If the fair market value of the stock is lower on the first day of the second embedded option period than it was at the time of grant, then the twelve-month option period expires and each participant is granted a new twelve-month option. As of January 28, 2022, 15.2 million shares of VMware Class A Stock were available for issuance under the ESPP.
The following table summarizes ESPP activity for VMware during the periods presented (cash proceeds in millions, shares in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Cash proceeds | $ | 236 | | | $ | 207 | | | $ | 172 | |
Class A Stock purchased | 2,116 | | | 2,025 | | | 1,489 | |
Weighted-average price per share | $ | 111.31 | | | $ | 102.44 | | | $ | 115.51 | |
As of January 28, 2022, $112 million of ESPP withholdings were recorded as a liability in accrued expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheets for the purchase that occurred on February 28, 2022.
Prior to the acquisition of Pivotal, Pivotal granted options to eligible Pivotal employees to purchase shares of its Class A stock at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant or 85% of the fair market value of the Pivotal stock at the time of exercise. Pivotal’s ESPP activity was not material during the year ended January 31, 2020.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
VMware and Pivotal Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option activity for VMware and Pivotal since February 1, 2019 (shares in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| VMware | | Pivotal |
| Number of Shares | | Weighted-Average Exercise Price (per share) | | Number of Shares | | Weighted-Average Exercise Price (per share) |
Outstanding, February 1, 2019(1) | 1,969 | | | $ | 36.50 | | | 45,901 | | | $ | 8.31 | |
Granted(2) | 1,571 | | | 73.19 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Forfeited(3) | (149) | | | 52.83 | | | (10,822) | | | 10.65 | |
Expired | — | | | — | | | (128) | | | 10.10 | |
Exercised(4) | (776) | | | 39.94 | | | (34,951) | | | 7.59 | |
Outstanding, January 31, 2020 | 2,615 | | | 56.58 | | | — | | | — | |
Granted | 31 | | | 43.20 | | | n/a | | n/a |
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Forfeited | (156) | | | 70.75 | | | n/a | | n/a |
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Exercised | (1,247) | | | 52.34 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Outstanding, January 29, 2021 | 1,243 | | | 58.68 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Granted | 4 | | | 97.91 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Special Dividend adjustment | 147 | | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a |
Forfeited | (104) | | | 63.73 | | | n/a | | n/a |
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Exercised | (604) | | | 57.19 | | | n/a | | n/a |
Outstanding, January 28, 2022 | 686 | | | 46.95 | | | n/a | | n/a |
(1) The weighted-average exercise price of options outstanding as of February 1, 2019 reflected the adjustments to the options as a result of the special dividend in July 2018.
(2) Stock options granted under the 2007 Plan included 0.6 million options issued for unvested options as part of the Pivotal acquisition.
(3) Stock options forfeited under the Pivotal equity plan included 6.2 million options converted to VMware options as part of the Pivotal acquisition, using a conversion ratio of 0.1.
(4) Stock options exercised under the Pivotal equity plan included $22.4 million of vested options that were settled in cash as part of the Pivotal acquisition.
Options granted during the periods presented relate to unvested stock options assumed in business combinations, and as a result, the weighted-average exercise price per share may vary from the VMware stock price at time of grant.
The stock options outstanding as of January 28, 2022 had an aggregate intrinsic value of $56 million based on VMware’s closing stock price as of January 28, 2022.
Options outstanding that are exercisable and that have vested and are expected to vest as of January 28, 2022 were as follows (outstanding options in thousands, aggregate intrinsic value in millions):
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| VMware Stock Options |
| Outstanding Options | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) |
Exercisable | 623 | | | $ | 46.96 | | | 5.35 | | $ | 51 | |
Vested and expected to vest | 685 | | | 46.91 | | | 5.49 | | 56 | |
(1) The aggregate intrinsic values represent the total pre-tax intrinsic values based on VMware's closing stock price of $129.14 as of January 28, 2022, which would have been received by the option holders had all in-the-money options been exercised as of that date.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The total fair value of VMware stock options that vested during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020 was $26 million, $92 million and $64 million, respectively. Total fair value of Pivotal stock options that vested during the year ended January 31, 2020 was $27 million.
The VMware stock options exercised during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020 had a pre-tax intrinsic value of $55 million, $111 million and $103 million, respectively. The Pivotal options exercised during the year ended January 31, 2020 had a pre-tax intrinsic value of $278 million. The pre-tax intrinsic value of Pivotal options exercised during the year ended January 31, 2020 includes vested options that were settled in cash as part of the Pivotal acquisition.
VMware Shares Repurchased for Tax Withholdings
During the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, VMware repurchased 2.6 million, 3.0 million and 3.0 million, respectively, of Class A Stock, for $378 million, $413 million and $521 million, respectively, to cover tax withholding obligations in connection with such equity awards. These amounts may differ from the amounts of cash remitted for tax withholding obligations on the consolidated statements of cash flows due to the timing of payments. Pursuant to the respective award agreements, these shares were withheld in conjunction with the net share settlement upon the vesting of RSUs and PSUs during the period. The value of the withheld shares was classified as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.
Net Excess Tax Benefits
Net excess tax benefits recognized in connection with stock-based awards are included in income tax provision on the consolidated statements of income. Net excess tax benefits recognized were $17 million, $41 million and $182 million during the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes the components of total stock-based compensation included in VMware’s consolidated statements of income during the periods presented (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Cost of license revenue | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1 | |
Cost of subscription and SaaS revenue | 21 | | | 19 | | | 13 | |
Cost of services revenue | 92 | | | 99 | | | 83 | |
Research and development | 528 | | | 524 | | | 459 | |
Sales and marketing | 302 | | | 322 | | | 293 | |
General and administrative | 131 | | | 157 | | | 168 | |
Stock-based compensation | 1,075 | | | 1,122 | | | 1,017 | |
Income tax benefit | (202) | | | (231) | | | (347) | |
Total stock-based compensation, net of tax | $ | 873 | | | $ | 891 | | | $ | 670 | |
As of January 28, 2022, the total unrecognized compensation cost for stock options and restricted stock was $2.1 billion and will be recognized through fiscal 2027 with a weighted-average remaining period of 1.5 years. Stock-based compensation related to VMware equity awards held by VMware employees is recognized on VMware’s consolidated statements of income over the awards’ requisite service periods.
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Fair Value of VMware Stock Options
The fair value of each option to acquire VMware Class A Stock granted during the periods presented was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended |
| January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
VMware Stock Options | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Dividend yield | None | | None | | None |
Expected volatility | 35.0 | % | | 38.8 | % | | 34.0 | % |
Risk-free interest rate | 0.3 | % | | 0.4 | % | | 1.5 | % |
Expected term (in years) | 2.9 | | 2.6 | | 2.7 |
Weighted-average fair value at grant date | $ | 62.99 | | | $ | 102.55 | | | $ | 98.00 | |
VMware Employee Stock Purchase Plan | | | | | |
Dividend yield | None | | None | | None |
Expected volatility | 36.5 | % | | 36.1 | % | | 27.4 | % |
Risk-free interest rate | 0.1 | % | | 1.0 | % | | 1.7 | % |
Expected term (in years) | 0.7 | | 0.7 | | 0.6 |
Weighted-average fair value at grant date | $ | 37.95 | | | $ | 33.60 | | | $ | 35.66 | |
The weighted-average grant date fair value of VMware stock options can fluctuate from period to period primarily due to higher valued options through business combinations with exercise prices lower than the fair market value of VMware’s stock on the date of grant.
For equity awards granted under the VMware equity plan, volatility was based on an analysis of historical stock prices and implied volatility of VMware’s Class A Stock. The expected term was based on historical exercise patterns and post-vesting termination behavior, the term of the option period for grants made under the ESPP, or the weighted-average remaining term for options assumed in acquisitions. VMware’s expected dividend yield input was zero as the Company has not historically paid, nor expects in the future to pay, regular dividends on its common stock. The risk-free interest rate was based on a U.S. Treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The changes in components of accumulated other comprehensive loss during the periods presented were as follows (tables in millions):
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| | | Forward Contracts | | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | | Total |
Balance, January 31, 2020 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (4) | | | $ | (4) | |
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax provision (benefit) of $—, $— and $— | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
| | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
Balance, January 29, 2021 | | | (1) | | | (4) | | | (5) | |
| | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax provision (benefit) of $—, $— and $— | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the consolidated statements of income, net of tax (provision) benefit of $—, $— and — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Balance, January 28, 2022 | | | $ | (1) | | | $ | (4) | | | $ | (5) | |
The effective portion of gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments is reclassified to its related operating expense line item on the consolidated statements of income in the same period that the underlying expenses are incurred. The amounts recorded to the related operating expense functional
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
line items on the consolidated statements of income were not significant to the individual functional line items during the periods presented.
R. Segment Information
VMware operates in one reportable operating segment; thus, all required financial segment information is included in the consolidated financial statements. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in order to allocate resources and assess performance. VMware’s chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses performance based upon discrete financial information at the consolidated level.
Revenue by type during the periods presented was as follows (table in millions):
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| | | | For the Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
License | | | | | | | | $ | 3,128 | | | $ | 3,033 | | | $ | 3,181 | |
Subscription and SaaS | | | | | | | | 3,205 | | | 2,587 | | | 1,877 | |
Total license and subscription and SaaS | | | | | | | | 6,333 | | | 5,620 | | | 5,058 | |
Services: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Software maintenance | | | | | | | | 5,356 | | | 5,105 | | | 4,754 | |
Professional services | | | | | | | | 1,162 | | | 1,042 | | | 999 | |
Total services | | | | | | | | 6,518 | | | 6,147 | | | 5,753 | |
Total revenue | | | | | | | | $ | 12,851 | | | $ | 11,767 | | | $ | 10,811 | |
Revenue by geographic area during the periods presented was as follows (table in millions):
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| | | | For the Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | January 28, | | January 29, | | January 31, |
| | | | | | | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
United States | | | | | | | | $ | 6,232 | | | $ | 5,878 | | | $ | 5,405 | |
International | | | | | | | | 6,619 | | | 5,889 | | | 5,406 | |
Total | | | | | | | | $ | 12,851 | | | $ | 11,767 | | | $ | 10,811 | |
Revenue by geographic area is based on the ship-to addresses of VMware’s customers. No individual country other than the U.S. accounted for 10% or more of revenue during each of the years ended January 28, 2022, January 29, 2021 and January 31, 2020.
Long-lived assets by geographic area, which primarily include property and equipment, net, as of the periods presented were as follows (table in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 28, | | January 29, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
United States | $ | 882 | | | $ | 864 | |
International | 241 | | | 241 | |
Total | $ | 1,123 | | | $ | 1,105 | |
No individual country other than the U.S. accounted for 10% or more of these assets as of January 28, 2022. As of January 29, 2021, the U.S. and India accounted for approximately 80% and 10% of these assets, respectively.
VMware’s product and service solutions are helping customers in the following areas:
• Application Modernization
VMware, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
• Cloud Management
• Cloud Infrastructure
• Networking
• Security
• Anywhere Workspace
VMware develops and markets product and service offerings within each of these areas. Additionally, synergies are leveraged across these areas. VMware’s products and services from each area may also be bundled as part of an enterprise agreement arrangement or packaged together and sold as a solution. Accordingly, it is not practicable to determine revenue by each of the areas described above.