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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
     
o   REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
     
þ   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
     
o   SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
For the transition period from                                           to                                           
Commission file number:
 
GENOIL INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
703 — 6 Avenue S.W., Suite 510
Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 0T9
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None.

 


 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
Common Stock, Fully Paid and Non-Assessable Common Shares Without Par Value listed on the TSX Venture Exchange and OTC Bulletin Board
     
SEC 1852 (05-06)
  Persons who respond to the collection of information contained in this form are not required to respond unless the form displays a currently valid OMB control number.
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Common Shares: 196,051, 227 as of December 31, 2006 and 212,316,860 as of July 11, 2006
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
o Yes                      þ No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
o Yes                      þ No
Note — Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
þ Yes                      o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
(Check one):
         
Large accelerated filer o
  Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer þ
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow
þ Item 17                      o Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o Yes                      þ No
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
o Yes                      o No
 
 

 


 

         
 
       
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
    1  
 
       
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
    1  
 
       
Item 3. Key Information
    1  
 
       
Item 4. Genoil’s Information
    7  
 
       
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
    15  
 
       
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
    15  
 
       
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
    20  
 
       
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
    25  
 
       
Item 8. Financial Information
    27  
 
       
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
    28  
 
       
Item 10. Additional Information
    29  
 
       
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
    38  
 
       
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
    38  
 
       
Item 13. Defaults, Dividends Arrearages and Delinquencies
    39  
 
       
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
    39  
 
       
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
    39  
 
       
Item 16. [Reserved]
    39  
 
       
               Item A   Audit Committee Financial Report
    39  
 
       
               Item B   Code of Ethics
    39  
 
       
               Item C   Audit Fees
    39  
 
       
               Item D   Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
    40  
 
       
               Item E   Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
    40  
 
       
Item 17. Financial Statements
    40  
 
       
Item 18. Financial Statements
    41  
 
       
Item 19. Exhibits
    41  

 


 

PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
     A.  Directors and senior management.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
     B.  Advisers.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
     C.  Auditors.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
Item 3. Key Information
     A.  Selected financial data.
     Genoil Inc.’s (hereinafter “Genoil” or the “Corporation”) financial statements are prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These principles conform in all material respects with US GAAP except as disclosed in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The following summary financial data should be read together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the respective notes thereto, and the other information contained in this document.
     The following selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 and 2001 and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 and 2001 have been derived from Genoil’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included elsewhere herein, and were prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. These principles differ in certain respects from those applicable under U.S. GAAP as is discussed in detail in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
     Genoil’s Consolidated Financial Statements are stated in Canadian Dollars (“CDN$” or “$”). All dollar amounts provided in this annual report are in Canadian Dollars unless otherwise stated.
Selected Consolidated Financial Information
(All amounts in Canadian dollars)
                                         
    Years ended December 31  
    2005     2004     2003     2002     2001  
Revenue
                      30,100       1,124,343  
Loss from continuing operations
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (10,923,321 )     (9,097,560 )     (5,711,256 )     (3,055,577 )     (2,125,228 )
US GAAP
    (10,901,392 )     (9,135,654 )     (6,321,628 )     (3,196,807 )     (2,508,363 )

 


 

                                         
    Years ended December 31  
    2005     2004     2003     2002     2001  
Income (loss) before income taxes
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (10,923,321 )     (9,097,560 )     (5,711,256 )     (3,055,577 )     (2,125,228 )
US GAAP
    (10,901,392 )     (9,135,654 )     (6,321,628 )     (3,196,807 )     (2,508,363 )
Income (loss) for the period
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (10,923,321 )     (9,097,560 )     (5,711,256 )     (3,055,577 )     (2,125,228 )
US GAAP
    (10,901,392 )     (9,135,654 )     (6,321,628 )     (3,196,807 )     (2,508,363 )
Loss per share from continuing operations:
                                       
Basic and diluted
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (0.06 )     (0.05 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.02 )
US GAAP
    (0.06 )     (0.05 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.03 )
Income (loss) per share:
                                       
Basic
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (0.06 )     (0.05 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.02 )
US GAAP
    (0.06 )     (0.05 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.03 )
Income (loss) per share:
                                       
Diluted
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (0.06 )     (0.05 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.02 )
US GAAP
    (0.06 )     (0.05 )     (0.04 )     (0.03 )     (0.03 )
Total assets
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    6,155,904       12,702,995       8,613,384       10,239,807       7,457,618  
US GAAP
    6,155,904       12,702,995       8,613,384       10,239,807       7,457,618  
Working Capital (Deficiency)
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (2,700,315 )     (167,558 )     (408,926 )     351,350       (3,201,609 )
US GAAP
    (2,740,781 )     (167,558 )     (408,926 )     351,350       (3,201,609 )
Note payable*
          3,024,991       2,768,741       2,647,133       2,440,425  
Due to investors
                225,117              
Net assets
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    867,375       5,024,210       5,038,954       6,758,878       4,161,074  
US GAAP
    (197,740 )     3,988,534       5,038,954       6,758,878       4,161,074  
                                         
    Years ended December 31  
    2005     2004     2003     2002     2001  
Share Capital
                                       
Number of Shares Outstanding
    196,051,227       178,880,056       159,035,409       141,948,050       103,454,585  
Canadian GAAP
    21,665,406       15,576,995       13,167,509       10,791,613       5,246,806  
US GAAP
    54,316,473       48,228,062       45,818,576       43,442,680       38,294,767  
Retained earnings (deficit)
                                       
Canadian GAAP
    (29,873,446 )     (18,950,125 )     (9,852,565 )     (4,141,309 )     (1,085,732 )
US GAAP
    (84,793,515 )     (73,892,123 )     (64,756,469 )     (58,330,813 )     (55,228,062 )

2


 

 
*   In 2001, Genoil borrowed $2.3 million from a third party to finance the acquisition of various patents and technology rights. The loan is secured by all of the Company’s assets and has quarterly interest payments at 9% per annum and was due in February 2003. On June 4, 2003, the note holder agreed to extend the due date to January 12, 2005 on the principal and interest due at March 31, 2003, aggregating $2,651,408. The debt was discharged with the proceeds of the exercise, by the creditor, of 10 million warrants in 2005 as described in note 7 of the financial statements.
 
**   Effective January 1, 2004, Genoil retroactively adopted new Canadian accounting standards for stock based compensation. The standard requires that equity instruments awarded to directors, officers, and employees be measured at fair value and recognized over the related period of service. Pursuant to the transitional rules, the expense recognized applies to stock options granted on or after January 1, 2002. The Company elected to apply the standard retroactively with restatement, resulting in an increase to contributed surplus and a corresponding decrease to retained earnings at January 1, 2004 of $78,425. The adoption of the new accounting policy for stock based compensation resulted in the Company recording an expense and an increase in the 2003 reported loss of $833,789 ($0.01 per share).
     To date Genoil has not attained commercial operations from its various patents and technology rights. At December 31, 2005, Genoil had a working capital deficiency of $2,700,315 and a deficit of $29,873,446. Genoil’s future is dependent upon obtaining adequate additional financing to fund the development of commercial operations from its various patents and technology rights.
     To date, the Corporation has not issued any dividends to shareholders.
Number of Shares Issued
     The number of shares issued in the last five years are as follows: 17,171,171 in 2005; 19,844,647 in 2004; 17,087,359 in 2003; 38,493,465 in 2002; and 12,114,217 in 2001.
     As at December 31, 2005, Genoil had 196,051,227 shares issued and outstanding, whereas at December 31, 2004, the Corporation had 178,880,056 shares issued and outstanding. As at December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Corporation had 159,035,409, 141,948,050 and 103,454,585 shares issued and outstanding, respectively.
      Currency and Exchange Rates
     The average exchange rates for each of the past 5 fiscal years were calculated using the average of the exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during the period indicated.
         
Year Ended December 31, 2001
    1.5032  
Year Ended December 31, 2002
    1.5705  
Year Ended December 31, 2003
    1.3916  
Year Ended December 31, 2004
    1.2191  
Year Ended December 31, 2005
    1.2114  
     On July 11, 2006, the exchange rate, based on the noon buying rate published by the Bank of Canada for the conversion of Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars was U.S. $1.00 = $1.1338.
     The high and low exchange rate for each of the past six months were as follows:
                 
MONTH   HIGH     LOW  
December 2005
    1.1754       1.1427  
January 2006
    1.1794       1.1372  
February 2006
    1.1614       1.1352  
March 2006
    1.1747       1.1299  
April 2006
    1.1770       1.1162  
May 2006
    1.1275       1.0948  

3


 

     B.  Capitalization and indebtedness.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
     C.  Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
     D.  Risk factors.
      Going Concern
      To date Genoil has not attained commercial operations from its various patents and technology rights. Genoil’s future is dependent upon its ability to obtain adequate additional financing to fund the development of commercial operations from its various patents and technology rights. The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis that Genoil will continue to operate throughout the next fiscal period to December 31, 2006 as a going concern. A failure to continue as a going concern would require that stated amounts of assets and liabilities be reflected on a liquidation basis, which would differ from the going concern basis.
General Risk Factors
     An investment in the Corporation’s common shares (“Common Shares”) should be considered highly speculative. In addition to other information in this Form 20-F, you should carefully consider the following factors when evaluating Genoil and its business.
     Much of the information included in this annual report includes or is based upon estimates, projections or other “forward-looking statements”. Such forward-looking statements include any projections or estimates made by the Corporation and its management in connection with its business operations. While these forward-looking statements, and any assumptions upon which they are based, are made in good faith and reflect Genoil’s current judgment regarding the direction of its business, actual results will almost always vary, sometimes materially, from any estimates, predictions, projections, assumptions or other future performance suggested herein.
     The section that follows addresses several of the risk factors related to the Corporation’s operations in more detail.
      Genoil has a history of substantial losses and negative cash flows. It expects these losses and negative cash flows to continue and increase in the future. If it is unable to make a profit, the Corporation may not be able to continue to operate its business.
     Genoil has not earned profits to date and it may not earn profits in the future. Profitability, if achieved, may not be sustained. The commercialization of its technologies requires financial resources and capital infusions and future revenues may not be sufficient to generate the funds required to continue its business development and marketing activities. If the Corporation does not obtain sufficient capital to fund its operations, it may be required to forego certain business opportunities or discontinue operations entirely.
     Genoil has incurred significant losses and expects to continue to incur significantly greater costs than revenue received. Consequently, the Corporation expects to incur losses in the near term. If Genoil achieves profitability, it may not be able to sustain it. The business of initiating, developing and implementing inventive or innovative processes is inherently risky. Manpower and capital employed may not result in the development of a commercial or economic process. Once successfully developed, there is no certainty that the intended market will be receptive to the Corporation’s technology. In all areas of its business, Genoil may compete against entities that may have greater technical and financial resources. The Corporation is completely dependent upon external sources of financing which may not be available on acceptable or economic terms.

4


 

      The intellectual property and technology developed by Genoil may not work in the manner anticipated or the market may not be receptive to its technology or other new technologies might be more feasible to implement.
     Genoil develops technology for use in various industries. Part of the risk in this type of undertaking is that the technology may not perform as expected or its use may not be economical. The development of intellectual property is expensive and time consuming and if the developed product is not marketable, then no revenues will be realized from its development.
     The marketability of Genoil’s technologies depends on the ability of those technologies to meet and adapt to the needs of industry customers. The markets for Genoil’s technologies may not develop further and the current level of market acceptance of its products may decrease or may not be sustainable. In order to continue marketing its technology, the Corporation must adapt to rapid changes in technology and customer requirements. The Corporation’s success will depend, in part, on its ability to enhance its existing technology, gain market acceptance, and continue to develop its products to meet increasingly demanding customer requirements.
      Genoil’s technology is still experimental so the demand for it is unknown. The Corporation’s potential market may not develop as it anticipates and, accordingly, it may not be able to expand its business or operate it profitably.
     The Corporation’s technology has not been proven in any commercial venture and, as such, any market for its technology will depend significantly on its own effects. As a result, future demand for its technology is unknown. Genoil believes that many of its potential customers are not fully aware of the benefits of its technology. The Corporation must educate potential customers regarding these benefits and convince them of its ability to provide complete and reliable services. The market for its technology may never become viable or grow further. If the market for its technology does not grow or grows more slowly than it currently anticipates, its business, financial condition and operating results would be materially adversely affected.
      Key employees may terminate their employment.
     Skilled and educated professionals are a fundamental component of the development of intellectual property. If these key employees terminate their employment with Genoil, the development of its intellectual property may be hindered or delayed, increasing the expenses associated with technology development. The Corporation’s success is dependent on the services of members of its senior management team. The experience and talents of this team will be a significant factor in its continued success and growth. The loss of any senior management member could have a material adverse effect on its operations and business prospects. Given its financial situation, Genoil may not be able to retain or replace its key personnel. The Corporation has no key man insurance.
      Genoil has issued common share purchase warrants and options, the conversion and/or exercise of which would have a dilutive effect on its earnings per share.
     As of December 31, 2005, Genoil has reserved 27,180,103 Common Shares for issuance upon the exercise of stock options, 6,359,912 Common Shares for issuance upon the exercise of warrants, and 16,223,227 for issuance upon conversion of outstanding debt. These Common Shares represent a potential equity dilution of approximately 20%. There were 196,051,227 Common Shares outstanding at December 31, 2005 and 212,316,860 Common Shares outstanding as of July 11, 2006. Furthermore, the Corporation may enter into commitments in the future which would require the issuance of additional Common Shares, and it may grant additional stock options. The Corporation is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares. Issuance of additional shares would be subject to TSX Venture Exchange regulatory approval and compliance with applicable securities legislation. Genoil currently has no plans to issue Common Shares other than upon the exercise of warrants and options, for the purpose of raising funds for general working capital requirements, to acquire additional technology, to accommodate strategic partnerships, or for the satisfaction of debts, in certain, limited circumstances, which issuance would be subject to approval of the TSX Venture Exchange.
      Third parties may claim that Genoil infringes their proprietary rights.

5


 

     Genoil potentially may be subjected to claims that it has infringed the intellectual property rights of others. As the number of products in the oil and gas industry increases, the Corporation may become increasingly subject to infringement claims, including patent and copyright infringement claims. In addition, previous employers of its former, current or future employees may assert claims that such employees have improperly disclosed to Genoil the confidential or proprietary information belonging to those employers. Any such claim, with or without merit, could be time consuming to defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention from its core business, require it to stop selling or delay shipping, or cause the redesign of its product. In addition, Genoil may be required to pay monetary amounts as damages, for royalty or licensing arrangements, or to satisfy indemnification obligations that it has with some of its customers.
      Genoil may not be able to protect its proprietary information.
     Genoil relies on a combination of copyright, patents and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other measures to protect its proprietary information. All of these measures afford only limited protection. These measures may be invalidated, circumvented or challenged, and others may develop technologies or processes that are similar or superior to the Corporation’s technology. Despite its efforts to protect its proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy Genoil’s products or to obtain or use information that it regards as proprietary. Given its size and financial situation, Genoil may not be ultimately effective in preventing misappropriation of its proprietary rights.
      Genoil’s intellectual property may become outdated or surpassed by industry improvements.
     Genoil is a technology-based company and is involved in developing, improving, and marketing this technology to customers. There is a risk that new developments in Genoil’s field of specialty will arise, making its technology products less marketable. To enhance its position in the technology industry, the Corporation must continue to develop and improve its current products and develop product extensions. There may not be a demand for the products or capital available to finance their development in the future.
      Genoil operates in a competitive market.
     The business of providing technology-based solutions to industry is highly competitive. Some of Genoil’s competitors may have greater financial and marketing resources, greater market share and name recognition than it has, which would allow them to quickly develop market presence in the markets Genoil serves or allow them to expand into new markets that Genoil intends to serve. Given its size and financial position, the Corporation may not be able to effectively compete with these competitors.
      Potential expansion and opportunities may arise.
     Genoil may continue to expand its operations or product lines through the acquisition of additional businesses, products or technologies. It may not be able to identify, acquire or profitably manage additional businesses or successfully integrate any acquired businesses, products or technologies without substantial expenses, delays or other operational or financial challenges. Furthermore, acquisitions may involve a number of additional risks, including the diversion of management’s attention, failure to retain key personnel, unanticipated events or circumstances and legal liabilities, some or all of which could have a material adverse effect on Genoil’s business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, acquired businesses, products or technologies, if any, may not achieve anticipated revenues and profitability. Acquisitions could also result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities. The Corporation’s failure to manage its acquisition strategy could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.
      U.S. investors may have difficulty enforcing judgments against Genoil or its management.
     Genoil is incorporated in Canada. Substantially all of its assets are located outside the United States. As a result, U.S. investors may not be able to:
    effect service of process upon the Corporation or these persons within the United States; or
 
    enforce against the Corporation or these persons in United States courts, judgments obtained in United

6


 

      States courts, including judgments predicated on the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States; or
       
    initiate a derivative suit on the Corporation’s behalf.
      Genoil is subject to exchange rate risk.
     Genoil is a Canadian company and its operating expenses and capital expenditures are denominated in Canadian dollars. It will be subject to exchange rate risk where it enters into contracts not denominated in Canadian dollars and, accordingly, fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material effect on its results of operations.
Item 4. Genoil’s Information
     A.  Genoil’s history and development.
      The Company
     Genoil was created from an amalgamation on September 5, 1996 under the Canada Business Corporations Act of Genoil Inc. and Continental Fashion Group Inc., a public company whose shares traded on the Alberta Stock Exchange. At the time of the merger, Continental Fashion Group Inc. had no assets, no liabilities and did not carry on any business.
     The address of its head office is 510, 703 - 6 Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 0T9 and its phone number is (403) 750-3450. Genoil USA has an office in the United States located at 545 Madison Avenue, 15 th Floor, New York, New York, 10022, U.S.A. Its transfer agent is Computershare Trust Company of Canada, located at Watermark Tower, 600, 530 - 8th Avenue S.W., Calgary, AB T2P 3S8
      History
         
1996
  -   Genoil was created from an amalgamation between Genoil Inc. and Continental Fashion Group Inc. Continental Fashion Group Inc. shareholders received shares in the amalgamated company on a 10-for-1 basis while Genoil Inc. shareholders received shares in the amalgamated company on a 1-for-1 basis.
1997
  -   Genoil acquired interests in oil and gas properties located in the Province of Quebec;
 
  -   St. Genevieve Resources Ltd., Genoil’s then parent company, re-directed funds from its accounts, leaving Genoil insolvent;
 
  -   Debt owed by Explogas Ltd. (“Explogas”) was converted for farm-in rights in Cuba offshore and onshore in a related party transaction by which Genoil acquired shares of Explogas and a general release in respect of their dealings. Subsequent to the conversion of debt, Genoil sold all of its shares in Explogas.
1998
  -   Genoil was re-capitalized by Beau Canada Exploration (“Beau”) and it became a subsidiary of Beau;
 
  -   Genoil’s board of directors and management were replaced and it changed its year end to December 31st;
 
  -   Royalty interests and producing properties in the Western Sedimentary Basin were purchased for $2,600,000. As this was a non-arm’s length transaction and the purchase price was determined with reference to an independent engineering assessment.
 
  -   Genoil listed on the Canadian Venture Exchange (CDNX) predecessor to the TSX Venture Exchange.
1999
  -   Genoil acquired all outstanding common shares of CE3 Technologies Inc. This was an arm’s length transaction;
 
  -   Genoil’s subsidiaries at the end of 1999 were CE3 Technologies Inc. (“CE3”), Enviremedial Services Inc. (“Enviremedial”) (CE3 was sole shareholder of Enviremedial), and Genoil Merchant Banking Intragroup Restricted Limited (“GMBI”);
 
  -   Genoil sold its Cuban interests.
2000
  -   All of Genoil’s Canadian royalty interest and producing properties were sold to Beau Canada for $1,700,000. As this was a non-arm’s length transaction the purchase price was determined with reference to an independent engineering assessment. The disposition was recorded at the exchange value based on a valuation reviewed by independent petroleum engineers;
 
  -   Genoil also sold GMBI to Beau for $1,400,000 cash consideration. As Genoil shifted its focus to technology development from oil and gas operations, GMBI, which held some residual international oil and gas exploration prospects and some accumulated tax losses, was no longer a core asset. This

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      transaction, which was non-arms length, approximated fair value given a reasonable estimate of the value of the accumulated tax losses and the exploration prospects;
 
  -   Beau distributed its holdings in Genoil, a total of 61,600,000 Common Shares, to its shareholders and ceased to be Genoil’s parent company;
 
  -   CE3 was placed into receivership as it had substantial cost overruns on its oilsands cleaning facility. CE3’s creditors took over the project, and Genoil made a bid to the receiver for CE3’s technology. Genoil was successful in its bid and the remaining operations of CE3 were wound up by the receiver;
 
  -   Genoil changed its registered office from Toronto, Ontario to Calgary, Alberta.
2001
  -   Genoil acquired all of the intellectual property of CE3, as well as certain capital assets, including a pilot heavy oil upgrader facility, for $2,000,000 cash consideration and the subordination of CE3’s approximate $20,000,000 of secured debt owing to Genoil;
 
  -   David Lifschultz acquired 10,121,462 Common Shares of Genoil. Mr. Lifschultz acquired 1,613,450 of these shares through a private placement, with the remaining amount acquired through market purchases at prices between $0.09 and $0.11 per share.
 
  -   Exclusive rights to the oil-water separation technology which Genoil held were indefinitely extended.
2002
  -   Genoil purchased Hydrogen Solutions Inc. and was assigned an existing license for EHG Technology LLC (“EHG”) technology, which it paid for by issuing 10.5 million Common Shares and agreeing to pay a 32.5% royalty based on net operating income relating to hydrogen production. This was an arm’s length purchase. The Corporation acquired the exclusive rights to a process for generating hydrogen from water;
 
  -   Genoil acquired patent rights for a three-phase oil water separator as well as an existing commercial oil water separation unit in exchange for 700,000 of its Common Shares at a deemed price of $0.22 per share;
 
  -   Genoil completed two non-brokered private placements through which it issued 6,566,614 Common Shares at a price of $0.18 per Common Share and 20,226,853 Common Shares at a price of $0.10 per share. As part of the latter placement, Mr. Lifschultz purchased an additional 19,770,329 shares, bringing his shareholdings to 20.5% of Genoil’s outstanding Common Shares. Mr. Lifschultz paid cash for these shares;
2003
  -   Genoil continued operations under the agreement with EHG for the purpose of conducting tests of the hydrogen generating technology at a site in Romania;
 
  -   Outstanding warrants, representing a total of 11,262,500 Common Shares, were extended for one additional year to February 12, 2004. These warrants have now expired;
 
  -   A number of shares-for-debt agreements were reached with several of Genoil’s creditors. As of December 31, 2003, Genoil had issued 5,186,060 Common Shares representing $732,325 of creditor liabilities for the year 2003. It received approval from the TSX Venture Exchange to list all of the shares issued pursuant to such arrangements and all such shares were issued subject to a TSX Venture Exchange imposed four-month hold period;
 
  -   Genoil completed two non-brokered private placements through which it issued 6,008,499 Common Shares at a price of $0.10 per share and 6,917,193 units at a price of $0.15 per unit (each unit being comprised of one Common Share and three-tenths of a share purchase warrant, with each full warrant allowing its holder to purchase one Common Share at a price of $0.20 for a period of two years).
2004
  -   Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement through which it issued 10,642,820 units at a price of $0.14 per unit (each unit being comprised of one Common Share and three-tenths of a share purchase warrant with each full warrant allowing its holder to purchase one Common Share at a price of $0.15 for a period of two years).
 
  -   The Corporation issued 1,674,999 shares in satisfaction of obligations to four creditors including two officers and one related party.
 
  -   Genoil entered into a contract with Silver Eagle Refining — Woods Cross Inc. (“Silver Eagle”) to install the first commercial Genoil Hydroconversion Upgrader (“GHU”).
 
  -   Genoil raised $900,000 through two short-term loans from a director. As compensation for the loan, the Corporation issued to the lender 300,000 Common Shares at a deemed price of $0.25 per share.
 
  -   Genoil signed an agreement with OAO Lukoil for the testing of its heavy oil from the Yarega oil field in Russia’s Komi Republic.
 
  -   Genoil signed a licensing agreement with Velox Corporation regarding the “Maxis” oil and water separation system. Genoil has propriety rights to the “Maxis” hydrocyclone technology that provides upstream, high-speed separation of oil from water in the field. Genoil’s Maxis uses the hydrocyclone system to provide pre-treatment and de-watering of crude emulsions.

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  -   Genoil signed a licensing agreement for its Claris technology with MNGK, a Russian oil services firm.
 
  -   Genoil acquired a controlling interest in Velox Corporation.
 
  -   In December, Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement through which it received $5,638,220 and issued non-interest bearing convertible debentures with a conversion price of $0.44 per share. The participants in the private placement also received 3,203,534 warrants entitling them to purchase 3,203,534 Common Shares at a price of $0.85 per share any time prior to December 23, 2009. The debentures mature in December, 2014.
2005
  -   On February 3, 2005, a lender agreed to exercise its right to acquire 10,000,000 Common Shares for $2,300,000. As part of the note payable settlement agreement, the Company agreed to arrange for investors to purchase the 10,000,000 Common Shares exercised by the holder for approximately $3.0 million. The total proceeds on the sale of shares were paid to the holder to settle the entire principal and accrued interest outstanding to the lender.
 
  -   The Corporation settled payables with insiders equal to $471,414 through the issuance of 1,266,873 Common Shares pursuant to certain shares for debt agreements.
 
  -   Late in 2005 the Corporation received a letter of termination from Silver Eagle. Genoil is currently reviewing its alternatives in response to such letter with a view to having the Silver Eagle facility complete the installation and demonstration of Genoil’s technology.
 
  -   Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement, through which it received $750,000 and issued a six month convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum with a conversion price of $0.44 per share.
 
  -   Genoil signed a letter of intent with Surge Global Energy, Inc. to evaluate the construction of a 10,000 barrel per day commercial upgrader based on its technology.
 
  -   In December 2005, Genoil arranged a non-brokered private placement. Pursuant to this private placement, Genoil received $750,000 and issued a six month convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum and having a conversion price of $0.44 per share. The private placement also included 426,000 warrants to purchase Common Shares at an exercise price of $0.85 per share and exercisable within 6 months of the date of issuance.
2006
  -   Genoil entered into a non-binding memorandum of understanding with Hebei Zhongie Petro Chemical Group to jointly develop and build the first major commercial heavy oil upgrader in China based on the GHU technology.
 
  -   Genoil’s GHU technology was approved by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
 
  -   Lifschultz Terminal and Leasing Co. Inc. converted its outstanding $750,000 debenture originally acquired in 2005, thus eliminating a $750,000 outstanding debt payable by Genoil.
 
  -   Lifschultz Enterprises Co., LLC converted its outstanding $750,000 debenture originally arranged in December 2005.
 
  -   SDS Capital Group SPC, Ltd. converted $163,636 of its outstanding $428,995 non-interest bearing convertible debenture originally acquired in December 2004.
     B.  Business overview.
      General Development of the Business
     Genoil’s principal business is the development of technologies relating to the oil and gas industry. Its present goal is to commercialize its technologies internationally.
     The Corporation owns rights to several patented and proprietary technologies. A number of products that have been created from these technologies are under development. None of its technologies have been commercialized. A discussion of these products follows.
     No consideration has been given to consumer boycotts as a result of operations in Countries of Particular Concern as defined by the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 . Genoil is a Canadian company and as such the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 does not apply to its operations. The Corporation does not produce consumer products.

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      Pilot Heavy Oil Upgrader
     Genoil owns heavy oil upgrader technology. Genoil’s pilot heavy oil upgrader (the “Upgrader”) uses a hydrogen addition process, as opposed to conventional carbon rejection. The considerable price differential between light and heavy oil creates a potential opportunity for the Upgrader to be developed for both heavy oil and bitumen. The hydrogen addition process is a process whereby hydrogen is mixed with bitumen under specific pressures and temperatures to upgrade the bitumen from a low API to whatever desired value the client requires. Genoil’s Upgrader has progressed through the development stage.
     In 2002, the Corporation moved its Upgrader to a new location at Two Hills, Alberta. The move of the Upgrader was a result of Genoil being restricted from testing third party crude at the previous location in Kerrobert, Saskatchewan. This in turn prevented the Corporation from generating revenue from testing of third party crude. The site at Two Hills, Alberta is Genoil’s own site and as such there is no restriction on third party testing. The Corporation established this site in order to test specific grades of crude oil used in the refining operations of companies interested in the technology. Testing was undertaken on behalf of Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. and Renaissance Energy Ltd. During tests of the Upgrader in 2001, using the Genoil process, tarsand bitumen was upgraded from 8.5 API to 24.8 API gravity; thereby, enhancing the production of desirable “light ends” and facilitating the acceptance of this “stock” by the vast majority of refineries. Liquid yields were greater than 100% with no petroleum coke production. The carbon rejection process involves limiting the heavy ends of the bitumen thereby leaving the producer with a light quality product. Reducing the heavy ends will generally vary from 18-26% of the bitumen, depending upon the composition of the bitumen. In the hydrogen addition process, since hydrogen is being added to the bitumen the end result will consequently be greater than 100% of bitumen due to the hydrogen that is being added. Genoil’s process may also be capable of yielding a key environmental benefit by lowering sulfur pollution during the refining process from 5% to 0.2%.
     Genoil plans to use the Upgrader as part of a strategy to actively market its process and license its technology throughout the world’s oil refining industry. The Corporation has executed numerous marketing agreements granting marketing organization parties the right to promote the Upgrader technology into international markets on a commission basis. The company representations are either individuals or organizations in Venezuela, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, the US Virgin Islands, Romania, the Middle East, Great Britain, Spain, the United States, Canada, South Korea, China, Indonesia and India. None of the marketing organization parties are affiliates and all agreements with such marketing agents were the results of arm’s length negotiations. The marketing agreements are commission sales agreements, which in essence provide a finder’s fee to the sales agents in the event that a sale is completed by Genoil. The agreements require no further expenditures by the Corporation. The material terms of the standard agreement include an obligation to pay a 10% commission on any gross profits which were secured by the sales representative; an initial contract term of 180 days (which can be extended by Genoil for additional 180 day periods), and terms to the effect that the sales representative does not operate as an exclusive sales representative, although Genoil has entered into a number of territory specific exclusive representation agreements.
     In 2003, Genoil executed an agreement with PetroChina, a foreign oil company, whereby testing of the Upgrader may be conducted utilizing foreign oil. PetroChina has contracted to provide samples of their oil to be processed by the Upgrader. Testing commenced in accordance with this agreement in July 2003. Engineering personnel of both parties were involved in conducting the tests. There were some delays in this testing due to the excess salt in the crude oil provided by PetroChina and the requirement that the salt be removed before processing. The quantity of salt was unexpected and required specialized equipment to remove it. A further transaction with PetroChina remains a possibility.
     In 2004, Genoil entered into a contract with Silver Eagle to install its GHU technology at a refinery owned by Silver Eagle and located in Utah. Under the agreement, Genoil was to install its GHU technology in a pre-existing refinery in order to process low-grade atmospheric and vacuum distillation bottoms and convert them to high value, lighter distillates and transportation fuels. Genoil received a notice of termination of this agreement on December 20, 2005. Genoil is aware of Silver Eagle’s intention to sell the refinery in question and amongst other alternatives being exercised in response to the receipt of the termination letter has been attempting to find a buyer for the refinery who would also be in favour of resurrecting the agreement, although no such sale has occurred as the date of this document.

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     In 2004, Genoil signed an agreement with OAO Lukoil for the testing of its heavy oil from the Yarega oil field in Russia’s Komi Republic. The Corporation successfully upgraded the oil at the Upgrader. The test results with Lukoil were very successful achieving conversion rates on pitch and the resulting API gravity oil that Lukoil desired, by adding back the C5+ diluents separated in the GHU process back into the upgraded synthetic crude oil to meet the specified API. Upon completion of the tests, the management of Lukoil-Komi was presented with an extensive report describing results of the tests and their operational conditions. A full crude assay was conducted by an independent laboratory using the sample, and the results exceeded the requirements formulated by Lukoil-Komi. Genoil’s engineers in collaboration with engineers at Stantec Inc. (“Stantec”) provided Lukoil-Komi with a pre-feasibility study that included a cost estimate for a proposed plant and a description of its configuration and the scope of supply. During fiscal 2005, management has had several detailed and serious follow up discussions with representatives of Lukoil.
     A high level Lukoil delegation visted Alberta in mid-June 2006 and held discussions with the Genoil engineering team at its Sherwood Park offices outside Edmonton. During a detailed review of Lukoil’s requirements in the area of heavy oil upgrading, Lukoil requested a further elaboration of a project study submitted with respect to a proposed GHU project in the Komi region of Russia.
     In 2005, Genoil entered into a letter of intent with Surge Global Energy, Inc. to evaluate the construction of a 10,000 barrel per day commercial upgrader in North America based upon its GHU technology. The first step in this evaluation is to conduct a feasibility study regarding the installation of a GHU at Surge’s Sawn Lake Heavy Oil development. The feasibility study will start with the analysis of the raw Sawn Lake crude that will be upgraded in its pilot unit. These test results will establish the parameters for the construction of the upgrading unit and establish the optimal upgraded crude quality and the API to be derived from the GHU process.
     Presently, Surge Global is awaiting testing results to determine whether or not lifting the oil is economically feasible. Given economic test results, Genoil will undertake a cost estimate for the appropriate upgrading facility. Surge Global has filed the necessary permits to drill production wells at Sawn Lake and is still awaiting approval by the Alberta and Canadian governments, at which time, and pending the completion of the economic test results, the construction process will be initiated.
     During the first quarter of 2006, Genoil entered into a non-binding memorandum of understanding with Hebei Zhongie Petrochemical Group to jointly develop and build the first major commercial heavy oil upgrader in China based on the Genoil GHU technology should such a project prove feasible and desirable. The first step in the implementation of this MOU is to conduct an engineering and feasibility study to test the GHU technology’s ability to process M380 feed at Nanpaihe Town, Huanghua City, Hebei, China where the proposed upgrader is to be located. Testing of the M380 crude is required to establish the parameters for the construction of the GHU upgrading unit at the most optimal upgraded crude quality and API.
     Hebei Zhongie Petrochemical Company is planning to be in Edmonton for meetings with Genoil on the status of the 30,000 BPD upgrader for their refinery in China during August 2006. A delegation from the Hebei Zhongie Petrochemical Company that will include Mr. Mryu (President), Mr. Guocheng Yu (Vice President), Mr. Yongjun Zheng (Technical Director) and Mr. Baoguang Li (Project Manager) to discuss outstanding issues with goal being to roll the MOU into a contract for the 30,000 BPD facility in China.
      Oil/Water Separation
     Genoil owns certain oil/water separator technology rights through a wholly owned subsidiary. Its oil/water separator separates oil from water at the wellhead. An oil/water separator test unit is located at the Corporation’s Upgrader facility for testing at Two Hills, Alberta, Canada. Other companies also have oil-water separators that operate near the wellhead, but often require additional sources of heat to function efficiently. Oil/water separators generally use gravity, heat or a combination of the two as well as filters. Some separators also use gravity and the movement of the fluid (“cyclonics”) to separate oil and water. Genoil’s separators are designed to use cyclonic action to separate oil and water more efficiently than strictly gravitational or heat based separators. Other cyclonic separators exist but management believes that, as a result of the design of Genoil’s separators, they should perform better than existing separators currently in use.

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     The separator unit is available at Genoil’s Two Hills, Alberta, Canada Upgrader site for demonstrations to interested oil producers.
     Through Velox Corporation, a majority-held subsidiary, Genoil has developed a ballast cleaner, using the same hydrocyclone technology that separates oil from water using centrifugal force, combining it with a filtration section and ultra-violet ray section to kill bacteria and mussels to prevent the spread of infections or impurities that could potentially, ecologically damage sections of the world’s waters. Black Sea mussels have, in the past, been transported from that sea to the Great Lakes greatly damaging the Great Lakes with a mussel contagion that could not be stopped and inflicted great ecological damage.
     Genoil’s Crystal water separator is a compact unit that is able to handle smaller volumes using a compartmental process. Genoil has initiated work on the Crystal 3-phase oil-water separation technology. Genoil is now building a prototype for testing with the U. S. Coast Guard and have presented this technology to a major tanker line. If the Coast Guard certifies the new bilge cleaner, Genoil will be able to commence marketing the technology. The bilge cleaner has the potential of tapping an 84,000 ship market as all ships which sail internationally must be outfitted with a device of this nature, as per international shipping regulations.
      Revenues from Product Sales
     The majority of Genoil’s products continue to be at the development stage and therefore are not producing revenues at this time.
     The following table presents interest revenue for the past three fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 by source:
                         
    2005     2004     2003  
Interest
    19,484             9,637  
 
                 
Total Interest
    19,484             9,637  
 
                 
     In 2004, Genoil received $139,930 pursuant to an agreement with OAO Lukoil. The upgrading of heavy oil from Lukoil began in November 2004. The amounts are included as a recovery in pilot upgrader expenses.
     Interest of $19,484 was earned during 2005 on short-term investment of the Company’s cash reserves.
      Expenditures Relating to the Sale of Products
     Genoil is primarily involved in the development of its technologies for commercial application. The Corporation engaged two full-time employees and two consultants in selling and marketing its products during 2005.
     The following table presents expenditures relating to the sale and marketing of Genoil’s products for the past four fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, by source:
                                 
    2005     2004     2003     2002  
Pilot Upgrader
    1,714,872       741,049       1,092,774       712,393  
Administration
    3,924,916       2,522,906       1,568,332       1,304,294  
 
                       
 
                               
Total Expenses
    5,639,788       3,263,955       2,661,106       2,016,687  
 
                       
     Genoil does not intend to commit to any expenditures of any other nature, beyond expenditures necessary for the development and maintenance of its technologies, in the near future.
     Sales are expected in the area of oil/water separation prior to the sale of a large scale GHU facility. Genoil anticipates sales of both Maxis and Velox units based on changes being made through the world discharge of process water and discharge of bilge and ballast water by IMOA. Therefore, Genoil expects that its primary source

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of income in the short term will come from sale of oil/water separation equipment, but the largest potential for medium and long-term revenue is based on sales of the GHU technology.
      Geographic Markets
     100% of Genoil’s revenues in fiscal year 2002 were earned in Canada. Income for 2005, 2004 and 2003 represent interest income earned in Canada, except for $638 of interest income earned in the United States in 2005.
      Intellectual Property Rights
     Genoil has 18 patent applications under review in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru and Europe and has been granted 6 US patents (Patent nos. 6,074,549; 6,527,960; 6,588,601; 6,125,865; 7,001,502; 7,014,756). In addition, Russian patent, Patent no. 2,339,938, has been licensed to the Corporation. Genoil either owns or licenses the rights to all intellectual properties used in its products.
     Genoil has copyright and patent rights, which are necessary and contribute significantly to the preservation of its competitive position in the market. It is possible that the Corporation’s patents and other intellectual property will be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by third parties in the future. In the future, it may not be able to obtain necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms. Genoil enters into nondisclosure agreements with its suppliers, contractors and employees, as appropriate, so as to limit access to and disclosure of its proprietary information. These measures may not suffice to deter misappropriation or independent third party development of similar technologies, which may adversely affect the Corporation.
      Sales, Marketing and Distribution
     Genoil is presently involved in pursuing sales of its Oil/Water Separator Units. It is the Corporation’s intention to apply any monies earned from sales of Oil/Water Separator Units to provide cash flow for its ongoing operations. Genoil is pursuing sales of Oil/Water Separators through the Internet and various engineering firms that deal with oil and gas companies throughout the world. It has entered into 12 contracts in 18 countries to further pursue these sales.
     Genoil intends to market its products and license its GHU technology throughout the world’s oil refining and production industry. To this end, it is currently involved in discussions and negotiations with several refineries in the United States regarding implementation of its GHU technology at its facilities. However, it has not restricted its efforts to North America. Genoil is presently engaged in discussions with refining operations in Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East.
      Competition
     Genoil is aware that several other companies may be presently pursuing the development of technologies in the oil and gas industry. It acknowledges that it is possible that some of these technologies may be similar in nature to its products and technologies. Such companies, should they be involved in selling or developing the same technology as Genoil, may be potential competitors to the Corporation.
      Government Regulations
     To management’s knowledge, there are several government regulations with which Genoil must comply. Failure to comply with these regulations could adversely affect its business. Certain government regulations require the imposition of standards that are normally a part of industry knowledge, and as such, would be understood and acted upon by the Corporation in the normal course of doing business.
     Genoil, as a producer of technology and intellectual property, is not generally subject to environmental regulations. Genoil specializes in mechanical processes and as such its regular operations do not fall within the scope of environmental protection legislation.

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     The Corporation is subject to securities regulation in the Canadian jurisdictions in which it is a reporting issuer. As an issuer with securities traded on the TSX Venture Exchange, transactions involving its securities are subject to TSX Venture Exchange approval. The Corporation’s shares are also traded on the OTCBB and as such, the Corporation is subject to the OTCBB listing requirements. Genoil must maintain a legislated level of public disclosure and must maintain minimum listing requirements based on its financial performance, resources and stage of development.
      Plan of Operation
     No material changes are expected in Genoil’s plan of operations. Genoil intends to continue to focus on marketing and developing its products in the immediate future.
     To fund its near term working capital requirements, the Corporation has recently completed two private placements. In October 2005 Genoil received $750,000 from related party and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum with a conversion price of $0.44 per share. In December 2005, Genoil received an additional $750,000 from a related party and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum and having a conversion price of $0.44 per share. This second private placement also included the issuance of 426,000 warrants to purchase Common Shares at an exercise price of $0.85 per share and exercisable within 6 months of the date of issuance. These funds are expected to permit Genoil to fulfill its operating and capital requirements for the near term, however subsequent financing activities will be required in the near term.
     There are no confirmed purchases or sales of plant and equipment.
     C.  Organizational structure.
     Genoil has contracted with consultants in the cities of Toronto, Ontario, New York, New York, Houston, Texas, and in Europe to provide investor relations services and to generally act as representatives on its behalf in their respective cities and countries. The Corporation intends to rely upon the services of these consultants and to remunerate them by means of sales commissions and incentive stock options. It has also engaged agents in Russia, Venezuela, the Middle East and a number of other jurisdictions.
     Genoil has four subsidiaries: Genoil (USA) Inc., Velox Corporation, Hydrogen Solutions Inc., and Crystal Clear Solutions Inc. (the “Subsidiaries”). Genoil (USA), Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, was incorporated on December 29, 2004, in the State of Delaware, to facilitate payment of charges incurred by David K. Lifschultz, CEO of the Corporation, relating to market development in the U.S.A. Genoil owns 100% of both Hydrogen Solutions Inc., a corporation incorporated in Canada pursuant to the Alberta Business Corporations Act and Crystal Clear Solutions Inc., a corporation incorporated in Canada pursuant to the Alberta Business Corporations Act . Neither of these subsidiaries have any material assets or operations.
     Genoil holds a 50.1% interest in Velox Corporation, which is a corporation incorporated in Canada pursuant to the Business Corporations Act (Alberta). Velox Corporation’s primary asset is the “Maxis” oil and water separation technology. Velox Corporation currently has no material operations.
     D.  Property, plant and equipment.
      Human Resources and Facilities
     Genoil presently operates out of four main locations: an office in Edmonton, Alberta, an office in Calgary, Alberta, an office in New York, New York and a research and development site located at Two Hills, Alberta.
     Genoil has nein employees based at its office in Edmonton, Alberta and hires other outside consultants as required. During 2005, the Corporation leased 8,300 square feet, 4,400 of which it rented to another company. Genoil uses its Edmonton office for research and development and paid $4,439 per month for rental of this space.
     The Corporation has two employees and one consultant based at its office in Calgary, Alberta. During 2005, Genoil leased 2,318 square feet and paid $4,542.18 per month in rent. In April 2005, it moved to a new office in Calgary where it pays $2,726 per month in rent. Genoil uses its Calgary office for corporate administration.

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     Genoil had six employees based at its facilities located in Two Hills, Alberta, during 2005. It uses its Two Hills facilities for research and development and for client demonstrations.
     There are no present plans to construct, expand, or improve its facilities.
     The facilities operated by the Corporation are not subject to environmental protection legislation and to its knowledge no environmental issues exist that would potentially affect its utilization of its assets.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
     Not applicable as Genoil is not an accelerated filer or a large accelerated filer.
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
      Forward-Looking Statements
     Statements in this report, or any document filed by Genoil with the different governing authorities, by or on behalf of it, to the extent not directly and exclusively based on historical events, constitute “forward-looking statements”. These statements represent the Corporation’s intentions, plans, expectations, and beliefs, and no assurance can be given that the results described in such statements will be achieved.
     Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements evaluating market and general economic conditions in the following sections, and statements regarding future-oriented revenues, costs and expenditures. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date thereof. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. Such risks and uncertainties with respect to the Corporation include the effects of general economic conditions, changing foreign exchange rates and actions by government authorities, uncertainties associated with legal proceedings and negotiations, industry supply levels, competitive pricing pressures and misjudgements in the course of preparing forward-looking statements.
     Genoil disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
     A.  Operating results
      Overview
     Genoil’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP, which conform in all material respects with US generally accepted accounting principles, except as disclosed in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and are presented in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated.
     The following discussion and analysis provides a review of activities, results of operations, cash flows and the Corporation’s financial condition for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 in comparison with those for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements attached as Exhibit 19(a) hereto.
     Genoil is actively involved in the marketing, development and commercial applications of its proprietary technologies. Its Upgrader is located at Two Hills, Alberta.
     To December 31, 2005, the Corporation has incurred significant operating losses and has a working capital deficiency.
     Genoil’s business is capital intensive, requiring cash infusions on a regular basis as it seeks to grow, develop and market its technologies.

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     The Corporation used $5,216,011 of cash in its operations during 2005. The Corporation expects to continue to have operating losses during the next year and expects to fund its operations in the near term from capital stock offerings and project loans.
     At December 31, 2005, the Corporation had working capital deficiency of $2,700,315, which includes $1,576,780 due to related parties. During the first quarter of 2005, the note payable of $3 million was simultaneously discharged with the proceeds of warrants exercised by the note holder.
     At December 31, 2005, Genoil had 196,051,227 shares outstanding along with 27,180,103 stock options and 22,583,139 warrants/convertible instruments.
     During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Corporation received $1,013,671 in gross proceeds related to issuances of Common Shares as a result of the exercise of options and warrants.
     On October 12, 2005, Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement, through which it received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum and having a conversion price of $0.44 per share.
     At the end of December 2005, the Corporation arranged a non-brokered private placement on substantially similar terms to the October, 2005 private placement. Pursuant to this private placement, the Corporation received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum and having a conversion price of $0.44 per share. The private placement also included the issuance of 426,000 warrants to purchase Common Shares at an exercise price of $0.85 per share and exercisable within 6 months of the date of issuance.
     Subsequent to year end, the Corporation issued 267,681 Common Shares with a weighted average price of $0.35 per share in settlement of $93,750 of debt to a former director and officer and a company controlled by that former director and officer.
     Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Corporation issued 7,180,769 Common Shares at a weighted average exercise price of $0.15, in connection with the exercise of various options for total gross proceeds of $1,052,500.
     Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Corporation issued 3,976,416 Common Shares at a weighted average exercise price of $0.13, in connection with the exercise of various warrants for total gross proceeds of $516,462.
     In March 2006, the Corporation issued 1,800,000 Common Shares on the settlement of amounts owing to a director and officer of the Corporation, related to convertible instruments entered into in 2005.
     The Corporation will continue to review the prospects of raising additional debt and equity financing to support its operations until such time that its operations become self-sustaining, fund its research and development activities, and ensure the realization of its assets and discharge of its liabilities. While the Corporation is expending its best efforts to achieve the above plans, there is no assurance that any such activity will generate sufficient funds for operations.
     The Corporation is not expected to be profitable during the ensuing twelve months and therefore must rely on securing additional funds from either issuance of debt or equity financing for cash consideration.
     On December 23, 2004, Genoil received $5,638,220 as part of a private placement and issued non-interest bearing convertible debentures. The debentures mature in December, 2014 and are convertible at any time prior to December 23, 2014 into Common Shares at $0.44 per share. The Corporation can require conversion of the debentures if the Common Share trading price exceeds an average 90-day trading price of $1.55 per share during the term for a period of 30 days. The debenture holders were additionally issued 3,203,534 warrants entitling them to purchase 3,203,534 Common Shares at a price of $0.85 per share at any time prior to December 23, 2009.
     On December 20, 2004, Genoil announced that it had entered into an agreement to eliminate approximately $3 million of debt held by a secured creditor. The agreement provided that the creditor exercise the 10 million warrants it held in the Corporation and the Corporation to pay out the secured creditor with the proceeds from the exercise of the warrants. This agreement was completed on February 3, 2005. On February 3, 2005, a lender agreed to exercise

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its right to acquire 10,000,000 Common Shares for $2,300,000. As part of the note payable settlement agreement, the Company agreed to arrange for investors to purchase the 10,000,000 Common Shares exercised by the holder for approximately $3.0 million. The total proceeds on the sale of shares were paid to the holder to settle the entire principal and accrued interest outstanding to the lender.
     In June 2004, Genoil entered an agreement with Silver Eagle to install its first commercial Hydroconversion Upgrader. Under the terms of the agreement, the Corporation was to install the GHU technology in the Silver Eagle refinery, near Salt Lake City, Utah. As such, management determined that the hydroconversion upgrader had been impaired and recorded a $2,191,428 writedown on the project in 2005. Genoil received a notice of termination of this agreement on December 20, 2005. Genoil has been attempting to find a buyer for the Silver Eagle refinery who would be in favour of resurrecting the agreement, although no such sale has occurred as the date of this document and no resolution of the issues surrounding such termination has yet been achieved.
     In August 2004, Lukoil-Komi LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of OAO Lukoil, based in the Republic of Komi, Russian Federation, approached Genoil expressing interest in constructing a field hydroconversion unit at its Yarega deposit. Initial interest was shortly followed by a request to conduct a series of tests using its bitumen from the Yarega deposit in connection with its GHU technology. For that purpose, Lukoil-Komi shipped 150 barrels of Yarega bitumen to its Two Hills Upgrader test facility.
     Upon completion of the tests, the management of Lukoil-Komi was presented with an extensive report describing results of the tests and their operational conditions. A full crude assay was conducted by an independent laboratory using the sample and the results exceeded the requirements formulated by Lukoil-Komi. Genoil’s engineers, in collaboration with the engineers at Stantec, provided Lukoil-Komi with a pre-feasibility study that included a cost estimate for the proposed plant and a description of its configuration and the scope of supply. During fiscal 2005, management has had several detailed and serious follow-up discussions with representatives of Lukoil and the project is actively being considered by Lukoil at this time.
     Losses for the year ended December 31, 2005 were $10,923,321 compared with losses of $9,097,560 for the year ended December 31, 2004. During 2005, Genoil realized $19,484 in interest income compared with the recognition of Nil during 2004. Expenses in 2005 were $10,942,805, compared with expenses of $9,097,560 in 2004. The loss in 2005 increased by $1,825,761 to $10,923,321.
      Results of Operations — Year Ended December 31, 2005
      Expenses
     Administration expenses of $3,924,916 were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2005 and Upgrader expenses were $1,714,872. During the same period in 2004 administration expenses of $2,522,906 were incurred as were Upgrader expenses of $741,049. The increased costs were largely due to increased development activity.
     Aggregate administrative expenses of $3,924,916 were incurred as follows: $948,521 went to office expense including rent, telephones, utilities, travel etc.; $217,271 went to legal costs related to financing activities, continuous disclosure, patent protection and various contracts; and $433,644 was incurred for accounting and other professional fees. Shareholder service costs for exchanges and registrations fees were $140,813. Total salaries of $1,309,052 were paid to Genoil’s full-time staff. Executive compensation amounted to $187,500 and $56,520 was incurred in directors’ fees. Business development costs were $577,026 with insurance costing $54,569.
     The Upgrader costs were incurred primarily for operations expenses during the testing of the Lukoil crude oil.
      Acquisitions
     Genoil did not make any significant acquisitions in 2005.
     In November 2004, Genoil acquired a controlling interest in Velox Corporation, the developer of the “Maxis” oil and water separation system for a total cost of $241,700 by issuing 1,650,000 shares. It had previously entered into a worldwide licensing agreement to market and manufacture “Maxis”.

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     In January 2002, the Corporation acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Hydrogen Solutions Inc., a private company holding rights for certain applications to a process for the production of hydrogen from water. The purchase price was $2,205,000, and was satisfied through the issuance of 10,500,000 Common Shares at a cost of $0.21 per share. In addition, the Corporation granted the seller a 32.5% royalty on the future net operating income relating to hydrogen production using the hydrogen solutions technology. The value of the Common Shares was determined based on the market price of the Common Shares on the date of the agreement and announcement of the terms of the acquisition. The entire purchase price was allocated to the intellectual property rights, as Hydrogen Solutions Inc. had no other assets or liabilities. During the third quarter of 2004, the Corporation set aside its pursuit of the production of hydrogen from water and wrote-off unamortized technology rights costs of $1,972,912, being $2,205,000 from the technology rights account and associated amortization of $232,088.
     In March 2002, Genoil acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of Crystal Clear Solutions Inc., a private company owned by an employee holding patents in oil-water separation and a pilot separator facility. The purchase price was $154,000, and was satisfied through the issuance of 700,000 of the Corporation’s Common Shares issued at $0.22 per share. The value of the Common Shares was determined based on the market price of the Common Shares on the date of the agreement and announcement of the terms of the acquisition. The entire purchase price was allocated to the intellectual property rights, as Crystal Clear Solutions Inc. had no other assets or liabilities.
     No independent appraisals were performed when the patent rights were acquired.
     B.  Liquidity and Capital Resources
     Genoil’s business is capital intensive, requiring cash infusions on a regular basis as it seeks to grow its business. The Corporation expects to be able to fund its capital expenditure program to the end of 2006 using cash flow from operations, working capital and, to the extent required or desirable, through funds raised in the capital markets and short term loans.
     To date Genoil has not attained commercial operations from its various patents and technology rights. The Corporation’s future depends upon its ability to complete successful field tests of the Upgrader, to complete field tests of its three phase oil-water separator and to raise sufficient capital to fund operating and capital expenditures and ultimately attain profitable operations. A failure to continue as a going concern would require that stated amounts of assets and liabilities be reflected on a liquidation basis, which would differ from the going concern basis.
     In October 2003, Genoil completed a private placement of up to 7,000,000 Common Share units at a price of $0.15 per unit. Officers and directors participated in the private placement. Each unit consists of one Common Share and three-tenths of one non-transferable warrant. Each full warrant entitled the holder to purchase one additional Common Share at the exercise price of $0.20 for a period of two years. Any such warrants, which were not exercised, have since expired.
     On April 5, 2004, Genoil completed a private placement of 10,642,820 share units at a price of $0.14 per unit. Officers and directors participated in the private placement. Each unit consisted of one Common Share and three-tenths of one non-transferable warrant. Each full warrant entitles the holder to purchase one additional Common Share at the exercise price of $0.15 for a period of two years. Any such warrants, which were not exercised, have since expired.
     On December 31, 2004, the Corporation received $5,638,220 pursuant to a private placement financing and issued non-interest bearing convertible debentures with a conversion price of $0.44 per share and 3,230,534 warrants at an exercise price of $0.85 per share, exercisable any time prior to December 13, 2009.
     On February 3, 2005, a lender agreed to exercise its right to acquire 10,000,000 Common Shares for $2,300,000. As part of the note payable settlement agreement, the Company agreed to arrange for investors to purchase the 10,000,000 Common Shares exercised by the holder for approximately $3.0 million. The total proceeds on the sale of shares were paid to the holder to settle the entire principal and accrued interest outstanding to the lender.

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     On October 12, 2005, Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement, through which it received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum and having a conversion price of $0.44 per share.
     In December 2005, the Corporation arranged a non-brokered private placement and on substantially similar terms to the October 2005 private placement. Pursuant to this private placement, the Corporation received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum and having a conversion price of $0.44 per share. The private placement also included the issuance of 426,000 warrants to purchase Common Shares at an exercise price of $0.85 per share and exercisable within 6 months of the date of issuance.
     During the year ended December 31, 2005, Genoil’s operations used $5,216,011 of cash. It is expected that its operations will continue to use cash in the near term. The Corporation proposes to fund its future capital expenditures and its working capital deficiency and future debt repayment through capital stock offerings and by generating revenue through the sale of technologies or royalties. Genoil has not yet been successful in commercializing its products and there are no current definitive agreements in place regarding obtaining financing.
     At December 31, 2005, Genoil had a working capital deficiency of $2,700,315.
     There are no restrictions on the ability of the Subsidiaries to transfer funds to Genoil in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. However, the Subsidiaries are not yet generating income and the Corporation does not consider them as a source of revenue.
     C.  Research and development, patents and licenses, etc.
     Genoil does not presently plan to conduct any major research and development, but will continue to refine and fine-tune its present complement of technologies.
                         
    Year ended December 31
    2005   2004   2003
Category — Capital Expenditures           (restated)
     
Pilot Heavy Oil Upgrader — Patent
    (15,412 )     199,044       25,000  
Oil/Water Separation — Patent
                 
Jet Pump — Patent
                 
Tank De-Sander — Patent
                 
Hydrogen Technology Rights
                 
Catalyst Development license
    1,371,951       819,477       15,000  
Hydro Conversion Upgrader
                 
     
 
    1,356,539       1,018,521       40,000  
     D.  Trend information.
     Canada ratified the Kyoto Accord in December 2002, which undertakes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to six per cent below 1990 levels by 2012. In this regard, the Canadian government has committed $1.7 billion over five years to support partnership, innovation and targeted measures to promote energy efficiency, renewable energy and alternative energy sources. This commitment will promote the pursuit of cleaner fossil fuels and will support technologies that allow for greater energy efficiency and environmentally benign production. The current business environment in which the Corporation operates and to which its technologies apply is extremely favourable and once the technologies are proven on a large-scale basis, the ability to raise capital at progressive prices will increase.
     In the wake of Hurricane Katrina on the US Gulf Coast, the debate about peak oil production has been shunted to the sidelines. The skyrocketing prices of refined petroleum products have made it dramatically clear that the underlying key supply problem is not a shortage of crude oil, but the ability of refineries to turn out the required oil products. The current problem, which is likely to continue for some time, is an overabundance of heavy, dirty crude oils being offered to refiners, who lack the equipment capacity to process these into light clean transportation fuels, especially motor gasoline and diesel fuel.

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     A number of improvements to heavy oil upgrading technology have recently been introduced. Genoil’s GHU capitalises on the significant advantage of hydrogen addition over carbon rejection resulting in the ability to produce far more barrels of valuable petroleum products than traditional upgrading technologies.
     To date Genoil has not attained commercial operations from our various technology rights and has not generated a profit. Its future success depends upon its ability to successfully complete field tests of the Upgrader and its three phase oil-water separator and then market these products to a particular client.
     E.  Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.
     Genoil has no off-balance sheet arrangements.
     F.  Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations.
                                         
    Payments due by period
      less than 1-3 3-5 more
    Total 1 year years years than 5 years
Contractual Obligations
                             
Operating Lease Obligations
    162,100       148,000       14,100              
Convertible Notes*
    1,590,000       1,590,000                    
Convertible Promissory Notes**
    5,638,220                         5,638,220  
     
Total
    7,390,320       1,738,000       14,100             5,638,220  
     
 
*   Convertible Notes includes approximate interest of $90,000 (based on 12% per annum over the term of the convertible note, which is approximately six months).
 
**   Convertible Promissory Notes are non-interest bearing.
     G.  Safe Harbour.
     Not applicable.
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
     A.  Directors and senior management.
     The following are the current directors and officers of Genoil, their residence, their principal occupations within the past five years, and the periods during which each has served in such capacity.
                 
                Number of
                Securities Owned or
                Controlled by
                Directors and
                Corresponding
                Percentage of Total
Name and Office Held   Principal Occupation For Past Five Years   Date of Birth   Director Since   Securities
Adam Hedayat
Calgary, Alberta
Director
  President of Hampco Enterprises Ltd.

Chairman of the Board of Guyana Power & Light from October 1999 to April 2003.
  February 26, 1950   March 25, 2005   248,000
<1%
 
 
Chairman and CEO of Northstone Power Corp from March 2001 to January 2002.
           

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                Number of
                Securities Owned or
                Controlled by
                Directors and
                Corresponding
                Percentage of Total
Name and Office Held   Principal Occupation For Past Five Years   Date of Birth   Director Since   Securities
Brian Korney
Calgary, Alberta
Director
  Chairman of the Board of Drayton Valley Power Income Fund and Chairman from June 1998 to July 2001.

Vice-President of SaskPower Commercial, the international arm of SaskPower Corporation of Saskatchewan from September 1995 to April 1999.

Chief Financial Officer of Genoil Inc. from September 1, 2004 to July 12, 2005.

Vice-President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Caspian Energy Inc. from December 2004 to present.

Vice-President, Finance, and Chief Financial Officer of Innova Exploration Corporation from November 2000 to August 2004.

  December 2, 1950   June 3, 2005   16,000
<1%
David K. Lifschultz* Larchmont, New York Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director
  Chief Executive Officer of Genoil Inc. from 2003 to present.

Chairman of the board of directors of Genoil Inc. from 2002 to present.

President and Chief Executive Officer of Lifschultz Terminal and Leasing, Inc. (Joint Venture Investment Company) from 1987 to present.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lifschultz Industries, Inc. (Manufacturer of scientific and industrial temperature measurement systems) from 1991 to 2000.
  November 23, 1945   February 25, 2002   42,208,871 19.9%*
 
               
Lawrence Lifschultz*
Stoney Creek, Connecticut
Director
  Fellow of Yale Center of International & Area Studies, Yale University from April 2005 to present.

South Asia Correspondent for the Far Eastern Economic Review (Hong Kong) from 1975 to present.
  August 10, 1949   January 13, 2003   N/A

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                Number of
                Securities Owned or
                Controlled by
                Directors and
                Corresponding
                Percentage of Total
Name and Office Held   Principal Occupation For Past Five Years   Date of Birth   Director Since   Securities
Kirk Morgan
Calgary, Alberta
Chief Financial Officer
  Chief Financial Officer of Genoil Inc. from July 12, 2005 to present.

Independent business consultant from 2000 to present.
  July 20,
1957
  N/A   N/A
 
               
James Runyan Edmonton, Alberta Senior Vice President, Engineering and Operations
  Consultant to Genoil since September 2005, appointed Senior VP Engineering and Operations in March 2006.

Sales Manager for Process Systems International from 1998 to 2003.
  January 17, 1958   N/A   1,625,000
<1%
 
*   Includes 8,467,971 Common Shares, which Mr. Lifschultz exercises control over as a trustee and through entities which he controls.
 
**   David K. Lifschultz and Lawrence Lifschultz are brothers.
     B.  Compensation.
      Salary
     During 2005, David K. Lifschultz, the Chief Executive Officer of Genoil, had an annual salary of $187,500 pursuant to the terms of an executive employment agreement between himself and the Corporation. David K. Lifschultz agreed to accept the issuance of 1,800,000 stock options pursuant to the Corporation’s stock option plan in lieu of such cash salary and as such, no cash compensation was paid. These options were granted to Mr. Lifschultz at the market price of Genoil’s Common Shares at the time of issuance.
     As part of the terms of the termination of his employment, the former president of Genoil, Thomas F. Bugg, remained a consultant of Genoil for fiscal year 2005 and under the terms of such termination will remain a consultant of the Corporation until June 30, 2006. During this time, Mr. Bugg is to be compensated for his consulting services based on an annual salary of $187,500 which compensation is discharged through the issuance of Common Shares. Thomas F. Bugg resigned in November 2004.
     Brian Korney, Genoil’s part-time Chief Financial Officer until July 12, 2005, earned a total of $30,000 for his employment in 2005.
     Kirk Morgan, Genoil’s current part-time Chief Financial Officer from July 12, 2005 onwards, earned a total of $37,500 for his employment in 2005.
     The following chart outlines information on share options granted to directors and senior officers in 2005.

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Share Options Granted to Directors and Officers
for the Fiscal Year
January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005
                         
    Options Granted in   Exercise or Base    
    respect of duties as   Price    
Name   director or officer   ($/Security)   Expiration date
David Lifschultz — Chief Executive Officer,
    100,000 (1)                
Chairman and Director
    1,700,000 (2)   $ 0.33     February 4, 2010
Lawrence Lifschultz (3) — Director
    100,000 (1)   $ 0.33     February 4, 2010
 
    250,000 (4)   $ 0.35     December 31, 2009
Brian Korney — Director
    250,000 (4)   $ 0.35     December 31, 2009
Adam Hedayat — Director
    250,000 (4)   $ 0.35     December 31, 2009
Robert B. Fields — Director
    250,000 (3)   $ 0.35     December 31, 2009
Kirk Morgan — Chief Financial Officer
                 
James Runyan — Senior Vice President, Engineering and Operations
    1,000,000     $ 0.30     September 9, 2010
 
Notes:
 
(1)   Granted to Directors for the 2005 period prior to the 2005 annual meeting of the Corporation.
 
(2)   Granted to David Lifschultz for his services as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
 
(3)   Lawrence Lifschultz was granted an additional 500,000 stock options, exercisable at $0.33 per share and expiring February 3, 2010 for activities performed at the request of and on behalf of the Corporation outside of his role as a director of the Corporation.
 
(4)   Granted to Directors for the 2005 period following the 2005 annual meeting of the Corporation.
     C.  Board practices.
     Directors are elected annually to the Board of Directors at the Corporation’s Annual General Meeting. No Director has a service contract with Genoil providing for benefits upon termination of employment.
      Duties and Obligations of the Board of Directors
     The general duty of Genoil’s Board of Directors is to oversee the management of Genoil’s business and affairs. In particular, the Board of Directors is responsible for the following matters:
     (a) adopting a strategic planning process which establishes the Corporation’s long-term goals and strategies, and monitoring the success of its management in achieving those goals and implementing the strategy;
     (b) identifying the principal risks with respect to all aspects of the Corporation’s business, ensuring that there are systems in place to effectively monitor and manage such risks with a view to its long-term viability, and achieving a proper balance between the risks incurred and the potential return to its members;
     (c) engaging in succession planning, including appointing, training and monitoring senior management (which includes ensuring that objectives are in place against which management’s performance can be measured), establishing and maintaining programs to train and develop management, providing for the orderly succession of management, and assessing the performance and contribution of Genoil’s Chief Executive Officer against mutually established objectives;
     (d) ensuring that the Corporation has a policy in place to enable it to communicate effectively with its shareholders, other stakeholders and the general public, effectively interpreting its operations to shareholders, accommodating feedback from shareholders, and ensuring that there are effective controls and information systems in place for the Board of Directors to discharge its responsibilities, such as an audit system which can inform the Board of Directors about the integrity of the data and the compliance of the financial information with appropriate accounting principles.

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      Composition of the Board of Directors
     As of December 31, 2005, Genoil’s Board of Directors consisted of Messrs. David Lifschultz, Lawrence Lifschultz, Brian Korney, Robert B. Fields and Adam Hedayat and currently consists of Messrs David Lifschultz, Lawrence Lifschultz, Brian Korney and Adam Hedayat. Of the current Board, Mr. Hedayat is “independent”. Mr. David Lifschultz is not independent as he is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. Mr. Lawrence Lifschultz is not considered to be independent as he is related to David Lifschultz, the Corporation’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Lawrence Lifschultz is David Lifschultz’s brother. Brian Korney is not considered to be independent as he has served as Genoil’s Chief Financial Officer within the last three years.
     The definition of “independence” that Genoil uses when determining a director’s independence is derived from National Instrument 58-101, published by the Canadian Securities Administrators and adopted in all Canadian jurisdictions.
     The Board facilitates its exercise of independent supervision over management by attempting to meet independently from management when warranted, determining what additional information it needs from management and seeking outside advice and support as it considers appropriate. Generally the Board attempts to ensure that all board committees are composed in the majority by non-management directors with consideration being had to the Corporation’s current size and board composition.
      Committees of the Board of Directors
     There are currently two committees of the Board of Directors. The Audit Committee is comprised of three directors, one of whom is a related party. The Compensation Committee is comprised of two directors. The mandate and activities of each committee are as follows:
      Audit Committee . The Audit Committee currently consists of Adam Hedayat, Brian Korney and David Lifschultz. The responsibilities of the Audit Committee include:
     (a) assisting the directors with meeting their responsibilities with respect to financial reporting;
     (b) reviewing and reporting to the Board of Directors on all audited financial statements the Corporation prepares and enhancing the credibility and objectivity of all financial reports;
     (c) reviewing with management and with the external auditor any proposed changes in major accounting policies, in the presentation and impact of significant risks and uncertainties, and in key estimates and judgments of management that may be material to financial reporting;
     (d) questioning management and the external auditor regarding significant financial reporting issues discussed during the fiscal period and the method of resolution;
     (e) reviewing any problems experienced by the external auditor in performing the audit, including any restrictions imposed by management or significant accounting issues on which there was a disagreement with management; and
     (f) reviewing the post-audit or management letters containing the recommendations of the external auditor and management’s response, and following up any identified weaknesses.
     Compensation Committee: The Compensation Committee currently consists of Adam Hedayat, Brian Korney and Lawrence Lifschultz. The responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are to review the adequacy and form of compensation of directors and senior management, and to supervise the administration of Genoil’s stock option plan.

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      Decisions Requiring the Prior Approval of the Board of Directors
     Each committee of the Board of Directors makes recommendations to the Board on an ongoing basis. Generally, recommendations from a committee of the Board of Directors require the approval of the full Board before they are implemented.
     D.  Employees.
     At December 31, 2005, there were a total of 20 employees and consultants working for Genoil. Of these, 1 is the CEO, 2 are employed in an administrative capacity, 4 are engineers, 4 are technologists, 6 are operators and 3 are consultants. The Corporation currently has 2 employees and 1 consultant in the Calgary, Alberta office, 9 employees in the Edmonton office, 5 at its Two Hills, Alberta facility and 1 employee and 2 consultants in its New York, New York office. Genoil has no labour unions and no temporary staff.
     As at December 31, 2004, there were a total of 12 employees working for Genoil and as at December 31, 2003, Genoil employed a total of 11 employees.
     E.  Share ownership.
     There were 196,051,227 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2005 and 212,316,860 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2006. Information as to share and option information for directors, officers and key employees is discussed above in “Item 6. A Directors and Senior Management” and in “Item 6. B Compensation.”
     Genoil has established a stock option plan with the objective of advancing its interests by encouraging and enabling the acquisition of a share interests by its directors, officers, employees and consultants, in accordance with the policies and rules of the applicable regulatory authorities. The full text of Genoil’s stock option plan is attached as an Exhibit to this Form 20-F.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
     A.  Major shareholders.
     The following table sets forth information as of June 27, 2006, with respect to each person known to the Corporation to own more than 5% of its Common Shares. As used in this table, “beneficial ownership” means the sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting or to dispose or direct the disposition of any security. For purposes of this table, a person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired within 60 days from December 31, 2005, through the exercise of any option or warrant. Shares subject to options or warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days are deemed outstanding for computing the ownership percentage of the person holding such options or warrants, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the ownership percentage of any other person. The amounts and percentages are based upon 212,316,860 Common Shares issued and outstanding.
                 
            Percentage of Share
    Identity of Person or   Number of Shares   Stock Beneficially
Class of Share   Group   Beneficially Owned   Owned
Common Shares
  David Lifschultz*   45,740,900 **     21.5 %
 
*   Includes 8,467,971 Common Shares, which Mr. Lifschultz exercises control over as a trustee and through corporations that he controls. David Lifschultz is a resident in New York, New York.
 
**   This figure includes the 12,000,000 stock options that Mr. Lifschultz currently holds.
     David Lifschultz has acquired his shareholdings incrementally during the past three years through companies under his control and personally by way of a series of purchases on the open market and private placement

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subscriptions made for the purpose of providing financial assistance to the Corporation so as to ensure it continues to meet its financial obligations.
     Additionally, as at April 25, 2006, CDS & Co. was the registered owner of 113,741,447 Common Shares, which represents approximately 53.0% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares and CEDE & Co. was the registered owner of 47,807,127 Common Shares, representing 22.0% of the Common Shares. The directors and officers of the Corporation understand that CDS & Co. and CEDE & Co. are nominees and not beneficial owners of Common Shares.
     To the best of its knowledge, Genoil is not directly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any natural or legal person.
     To the best of its knowledge, Genoil is not aware of any arrangements which may result in a change of control of Genoil at a subsequent date.
     B.  Related party transactions.
     The following is a description of the related party transactions that have occurred during the preceding three financial years.
     In October 2005, Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement with Lifschultz Terminal and Leasing Co. Inc., an entity controlled by David Lifschultz, through which it received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum with a conversion price of $0.44 per share.
     In December 2005, Genoil announced a second non-brokered private placement with Lifschultz Enterprises Co., LLC, an entity controlled by David Lifschultz, through which it received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum with a conversion price of $0.44 per share. This transaction was completed in January 2006. This private placement also included the issuance of 426,000 warrants to purchase Common Shares, at an exercise price of $0.85 per share and exercisable within 6 months of the date of issuance. This private placement was completed in January, 20006.
     In 2006, two convertible notes for $750,000 each were converted into 1,800,020 and 1,764,204 common shares, respectively.
     Prior to 2005, Genoil accrued salaries of $375,000, pursuant to employment contracts between Genoil and its senior officers David K. Lifschultz and Thomas F. Bugg, each in the amount of $187,500, to compensate them for 2004 employment services. These amounts were paid during 2005 by the issuance of Genoil Common Shares of the Corporation.
     Upon Tom Bugg’s resignation as President and Chief Operating Officer in November 2004, the board of directors approved the following terms of severance. Tom Bugg and an affiliated corporation, Geopetrol Resources Ltd., were to become “consultants” of Genoil for 18 months from January 1, 2005. In return, Geopetrol Resources Ltd. was to be paid on a monthly prorated basis (in Common Shares at the current market price, less permitted discount) based on an annual amount of $187,500. These payments are to continue until June 30, 2006.
     During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 Geopetrol Resources Ltd., a company controlled by former officer and director Thomas F. Bugg, who resigned in November 2004, provided technical and administrative services to Genoil. No fees were charged for these services.
     In 2004, Genoil raised $900,000 through two short-term loans from David K. Lifschultz, a director and officer of the Corporation. Each loan was to have a maximum term of no greater than six months. As compensation for the loan, the Corporation issued to the lender 300,000 Common Shares at a deemed price of $0.25 per share. The value of the shares to be issued, being $75,000, was accrued as a liability and an interest cost in 2004.
     Effective December 23, 2004, Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement through which it received $5,638,220 and issued non-interest bearing convertible debentures with a conversion price of $0.44 per share. The

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participants in this private placement also received 3,203,534 warrants entitling them to purchase an equivalent number of Common Shares at a price of $0.85 per share any time prior to December 23, 2009.
     David K. Lifschultz, an officer and director of the Corporation and an entity associated with him subscribed for $306,425 of the convertible debentures issued effective December 23, 2004 and were assigned 174,106 share purchase warrants.
     In 2004, the Corporation acquired certain technology assets and services from third parties; the purchase was financed by Messrs. Bugg and Lifschultz. This liability was settled by the issuance of 1,940,000 Common Shares at a deemed price of $0.10 per Common Share.
     In May 2003, Genoil issued 640,800 Common Shares ranging from $0.10 to $0.13 per share to pay $78,456 of accounts payable. Of the shares issued, 192,307 were issued to Lourenco Technology Corp., by a company controlled by Jose Lourenco, a former officer of Genoil, and 74,208 were issued to Lifschultz Terminal Leasing Co. Inc. controlled by director David Lifschultz.
     In March 2003, Genoil issued 1,553,790 Common Shares at prices ranging from $0.10 to $0.18 per share to pay $281,460 of accounts payable. Of the shares issued, 313,860; 303,765; and 74,208 were issued to an employee, Paul Costinel; to Lourenco Technology Corp., a company controlled by Jose Lourenco, a former officer; and to Lifschultz Terminal and Leasing Inc., a company controlled by David Lifschultz, a director, respectively.
     There are no other related party transactions in the last three years, other than those described above.
      Transactions with Affiliates, Directors or Officers
     Genoil’s policy for transactions with affiliates is that they must be on terms no less favourable to the Corporation than could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.
     In the case of transactions involving a director, any of the Corporation’s directors who, in any way, whether directly or indirectly, has an interest in a proposed contract or transaction with it, must disclose the nature and extent of his interest to the Corporation’s Board and abstain from voting on the approval of the proposed contract or transaction. If he or she fails to do so, he or she must account to the Corporation for any profit made as a consequence of entering into the contract or transaction, unless the contract was fair and reasonable to the Corporation at the time it was entered into, and after full disclosure of the nature and extent of his or her interest, it is approved by the Corporation’s shareholders by way of a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast at a duly convened shareholders’ meeting. In addition, any of the Corporation’s directors and officers who holds any office or possesses any property whereby, whether directly or indirectly, duties or interests might be created in conflict with his or her duties or interests as a director or officer, must disclose that fact and the nature and extent of the conflict. In the case of a director, the disclosure must be made at a Board meeting.
     In the case of transactions involving an officer, the disclosure must be made in writing to the Corporation’s Chairman at a Board meeting.
     C.  Interests of experts and counsel.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
Item 8. Financial Information
     A.  Consolidated statements and other financial information.
     Please see “Item 17 Financial Statements” and Exhibit 19(a) for a list of the financial statements filed as part of this annual report statement.
     In the fiscal years 2003 to 2005, Genoil did not receive revenue from exports.

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     On February 9, 2006, a Statement of Claim was filed in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, with Genoil as the defendant, alleging a liability of $51,120 owing to the plaintiff on account of unpaid royalties and non-performance in respect of the execution of a further formal document evidencing the propriety of the royalty. The royalty being claimed arises from an alleged agreement relating to the forgiveness of debt by Beau Canada in connection with Genoil’s 2000 spinout from Beau Canada. In the alternative, the Statement of Claim alleges that the plaintiff be entitled to $13,000,000 being the amount of the original debt extinguished as part of the forgiveness of debt by Beau Canada. The Company has not accrued any amounts with respect to this statement of claim as at December 31, 2005. Genoil denies each and every allegation and believes the lawsuit is without merit.
     Genoil has neither declared nor paid dividends on any of its outstanding Common Shares, and does not intend to do so in the foreseeable future. It intends to retain any future earnings to finance the expansion of its business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will be dependent upon its earnings, capital requirements and financial position, as well as any other factors deemed relevant by the board of directors.
     B.  Significant changes.
     Subsequent to year end, the Corporation issued 267,681 Common Shares with a weighted average price of $0.35 per share in settlement of $93,750 of debt to a former director and officer and a company controlled by that former director and officer.
     Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Corporation issued 7,180,769 Common Shares at a weighted average exercise price of $0.15, in connection with the exercise of various options for total gross proceeds of $1,052,500.
     Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Corporation issued 3,976,416 Common Shares at a weighted average exercise price of $0.13, in connection with the exercise of various warrants for total gross proceeds of $516,462.
     In March 2006, the Corporation issued 1,800,000 Common Shares on the settlement of amounts owing to a director and officer of the Corporation, related to convertible instruments entered into in 2005.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
     A.  Offer and listing details.
     The following is a summary of the trading history (in Canadian dollars) of the Common Shares on the TSX Venture Exchange and OTC Bulletin Board (in US dollars) for:
    the annual high and low market prices for the five most recent full financial years;
 
    the quarterly high and low market prices for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period; and
 
    the high and low monthly market prices for the most recent six months.
                                 
    Price per share on     Price per share on OTC  
    TSX Venture Exchange     Bulletin Board  
    (Cdn $)     (US $)  
Year   High     Low     High     Low  
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2001
  $ 0.50     $ 0.06     $ 0.1275     $ 0.102  
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2002
  $ 0.28     $ 0.06     $ 0.068     $ 0.068  
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2003
  $ 0.25     $ 0.09     $ 0.14     $ 0.14  
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
  $ 0.50     $ 0.10     $ 0.35     $ 0.31  
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
  $ 0.44     $ 0.24     $ 0.25     $ 0.242  

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Quarter   High     Low     High     Low  
Year Ending December 31, 2004
   $                            
First Quarter
  $ 0.195     $ 0.13     $ 0.15     $ 0.95  
Second Quarter
  $ 0.20     $ 0.10     $ 0.15     $ 0.06  
Third Quarter
  $ 0.35     $ 0.16     $ 0.27     $ 0.132  
Fourth Quarter
  $ 0.50     $ 0.24     $ 0.52     $ 0.189  
 
                               
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
                               
First Quarter
  $ 0.425     $ 0.30     $ 0.359     $ 0.232  
Second Quarter
  $ 0.44     $ 0.32     $ 0.355     $ 0.26  
Third Quarter
  $ 0.39     $ 0.24     $ 0.33     $ 0.2  
Fourth Quarter
  $ 0.36     $ 0.265     $ 0.315     $ 0.225  
                                 
Most Recent Six Months   High     Low     High     Low  
December 2005
  $ 0.32     $ 0.265     $ 0.275     $ 0.225  
January 2006
  $ 0.44     $ 0.23     $ 0.38     $ 0.2  
February 2006
  $ 0.86     $ 0.39     $ 0.76     $ 0.34  
March 2006
  $ 1.40     $ 0.68     $ 1.2008     $ 0.31  
April 2006
  $ 1.91     $ 1.28     $ 1.68     $ 1.1  
May 2006
  $ 1.77     $ 0.97     $ 1.586     $ 0.86  
June 2006
  $ 1.25     $ 0.8     $ 1.14     $ 1.028  
     B.  Plan of distribution.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
     C.  Markets.
     The issued and outstanding Common Shares (196,051,227 shares as of December 31, 2005 and 212,316,860 as of July 11, 2006) are listed and posted for trading on TSX Venture Exchange under the trading symbol “GNO” and on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “GNOLF”. The Corporation’s Common Shares are registered shares.
     D.  Selling shareholders.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
     E.  Dilution.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
     F.  Expenses of the issue.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .
Item 10. Additional Information
     A.  Share capital.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Exchange Act .

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     B.  Memorandum and articles of association.
     Genoil was formed by the amalgamation under the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”) of Genoil Inc. and Continental Fashions Group Inc. (“CFG”), a public company whose shares traded on the Alberta Stock Exchange. At the time of the merger CFG had no assets, no liabilities and did not carry on any business. Genoil was incorporated in April of 1996 under Certificate of Incorporation no. 324649-3 . In June of 1996, it amended and altered its Memorandum and Articles of Association. This amendment was made to facilitate a reorganization of its share capital in accordance with the amalgamation referenced above. The Articles of Amalgamation, adopted in September of 1996, replaced the Articles of Incorporation, as amended.
     At the Annual and Special Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation, held on May 31, 2006, shareholders of the Corporation passed a special resolution authorizing the Corporation to amend its Articles to create an additional class of share to be designed as “Class A Preferred Shares” and to allow for the appointment of additional directors of the Corporation between shareholder meetings.
     The Articles of Amalgamation are subject to all the provisions of the CBCA. The CBCA provides that a company incorporated under that Act has all the powers and capacities of a natural person. The CBCA further stipulates that a company must not carry on a business that its articles prohibit. The Corporation’s articles contain no prohibitions on the nature of businesses that it may carry out. Thus, it has the power and capacity of a natural person.
     The following brief description of provisions of the CBCA, the Corporation’s amended and restated articles of incorporation and by-laws do not purport to be complete and are subject in all respects to the provisions of the CBCA, the Corporation’s restated articles of incorporation and by-laws.
     Regulation SK Item 702 requires the Corporation to state the general effect of any statute, charter provisions, by-laws, contract or other arrangements under which any controlling persons, director or officer of the registrant is insured or indemnified in any manner against liability which he may incur in his capacity as such.
     In 2005, the Corporation has entered into indemnification agreements with David Lifschultz, Brian Korney, Robert Field, Adam Hedayat, and Lawrence Lifschultz, which indemnifies them from losses, costs or damages incurred or sustained by them acting in their capacities of director or officer.
     Furthermore, the by-laws of the Corporation provide that except in respect of an action by or on behalf of the Corporation or other entity to procure a judgment in its favour, the Corporation will indemnify a director or officer of the Corporation against all costs, charges, and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of that association with the Corporation or other entity.
      Directors’ Conflicts of Interest
     Section 120 of the CBCA requires every director who is, in any way, directly or indirectly, interested in one of Genoil’s proposed material contracts or transactions, to disclose the nature and extent of the director’s interest in writing or by requesting to have it entered in the minutes of the meeting of directors or of meetings of committees of directors.
     The CBCA further provides that a director or officer who is required to disclose an interest may not vote on any resolution to approve the contract or transaction unless the contract or transaction, (i) relates primarily to the director’s or officer’s remuneration as one of the Corporation’s directors, officers, employees or agents or that of an affiliate, (ii) is for indemnity or insurance for the director against liability incurred by the director or officer acting in his or her capacity as a director or officer, or (iii) is with an affiliate.
      Borrowing Powers
     The Corporation’s By-Law No. 3 states that the board of directors may exercise borrowing powers provided for in this by-law. These powers include borrowing money on credit, issuing bonds, debentures, notes and other

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indebtedness, giving guarantees on behalf of the Corporation and granting mortgages by the Corporation, among others.
      Directors
     The number of directors shall be not less than one and not more than nine. The number of directors may be determined from time to time by an ordinary resolution of the shareholders passed at a duly convened general meeting. A director is not required to own any of the Corporation’s shares to be qualified to serve as a director. A director is not required to retire under any age-limit requirement.
     Upon the termination of each annual general meeting, all the directors are deemed to cease serving as directors. The number of directors to be elected at any such meeting will be the number of directors then in office unless the directors or shareholders otherwise determine.
     If the shareholders remove any director before the expiration of his or her period of office and appoint another person in his or her place, that person so appointed shall hold office only during the remainder of the time that the director in whose place he or she is appointed would have held the office if he or she had not been removed. If the shareholders do not appoint another director to replace the removed director the vacancy may be filled by the directors.
     The directors of the Corporation, between annual meetings, may appoint one or more additional directors of the Corporation to serve until the next annual meeting, provided that the number of additional directors of the Corporation shall not at any time exceed one-third of the number of directors who held office at the expiration of the last annual meeting of the Corporation.
     The directors, or any committee of directors, may take any action required or permitted to be taken by them and may exercise any of the authorities, powers and discretions for the time being vested in or exercisable by them by way of a resolution either passed at a meeting at which a quorum is present or consented to in writing under the applicable section of the CBCA.
     The directors may appoint a president, one or more vice-presidents, a secretary, a treasurer and other officers as determined by the board, including assistants to the board. The directors may specify the duties of and delegate powers to manage the business and affairs of us to these officers. The Corporation may also appoint a chairman of the board, who must also be a director, and assign the powers and duties assigned to the managing director or president, under the by-laws, or other powers and duties.
      Rights Attached to Shares
     The following is a description of the rights, preferences, and restrictions attached to each class of the Corporation’s shares:
     (a) Unlimited Common Shares — Each Common Share carries the right to one vote at any meeting of the Corporation’s shareholders. Dividends are payable on the Common Shares in the discretion of the Board of Directors. After a period of six years, dividends that have been paid but remain unclaimed by shareholders shall be forfeited to the Corporation. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation or any distribution of Genoil’s assets for the purpose of winding up its affairs, the Common Shares shall be entitled to receive Genoil’s remaining property. The Common Shares are not redeemable at the Corporation’s option or at the option of the holders. There are no sinking fund provisions respecting the Common Shares. The holders of the Common Shares are not liable for any further capital calls on such shares.
     (b) Up to 10,000,000 Class A Preferred Shares — The Class A Preferred Shares may at any time and from time to time be issued in one or more series, each series consisting of such number of shares as may, before their issuance, be determined by resolution of the directors of the Corporation. Subject to the provisions of the CBCA, the directors of the Corporation may by resolution fix before the issue of Class A Preferred Shares the designation, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to each series of the Class A Preferred Shares.

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      Alteration of the Rights of Shareholders
     No rights, privileges or restrictions attached to the Common Shares may be altered except with the approval by resolution passed by the vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the votes case in respect of a resolution to alter such rights.
     There are no limitations in Genoil’s charter on the rights of non-resident or foreign owners to hold Common Shares of Genoil.
      Shareholders’ Meetings
     The CBCA requires the directors to call an annual general meeting of shareholders not later than fifteen months after the last annual general meeting and no later than six months after the end of the Corporation’s preceding financial year. The directors may, whenever they think fit, convene a special meeting.
     Notice of a meeting must specify the time and place of a meeting, and, in case of special business, the general nature of that business and the text of any resolution. The accidental omission to give notice of any meeting to, or the non-receipt of any notice by any of the shareholders entitled to receive notice does not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting.
     All business that is transacted at meetings of shareholders, with the exception of consideration of the financial statements and auditor’s report, election of directors, appointment of Genoil’s auditor is deemed to be special business.
     Genoil’s Articles stipulate that business shall be conducted at any general meeting if there is quorum present at the opening of the meeting notwithstanding that there ceases to be a quorum present throughout the meeting. A quorum is shareholders entitled to vote or proxyholders thereof representing more than 10% of Genoil’s outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting.
     Genoil’s Articles stipulate that the Chairman of the Board, or in his absence, the Corporation’s Managing Director, or in his absence the Corporation’s President shall preside as chairman of every general meeting.
     Unless the directors otherwise determine, the instrument appointing a proxyholder shall be deposited at a place specified for that purpose in the notice convening the meeting, not less than forty-eight hours before the time for holding the meeting at which the proxyholder proposes to vote.
     Notice of every general meeting should be sent to:
     (a) each director;
     (b) the Corporation’s auditor;
     (c) every shareholder entered in the securities registrar as the holder of a share or shares carrying the right to vote at such meetings on the record date or, if no record date was established by the directors, on the date of mailing such notice; and
     (d) every person upon whom the ownership of a share devolves by reason of his being a legal personal representative or a trustee in bankruptcy of a shareholder where the shareholder, but for his death or bankruptcy, would be entitled to vote.
     No other person is entitled to receive notice of general meetings.
     There are no limitations to the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights associated with Genoil’s securities.
     These provisions do not deviate significantly from U.S. law, insofar as the following matters are concerned:

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     According to Rule 405 of the Securities Act , the term “foreign private issuer” means any foreign issuer other than a foreign government except an issuer meeting the following conditions:
     (a) More than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer are directly or indirectly owned of record by residents of the United States; and
     (b) Any of the following:
     (i) The majority of the executive officers or directors are United States citizens or residents;
     (ii) More than 50 percent of the assets of the issuer are located in the United States; or
     (iii) The business of the issuer is administered principally in the United States.
     Further, the predominant rule in most U.S. jurisdictions is that an annual meeting must be held every 13 months.
     C.  Material contracts.
     Genoil has entered into the following material contracts in the ordinary course of business for the two years preceding this registration statement:
1. On June 24, 2004, Genoil announced that a contract was signed with Silver Eagle, near Salt Lake City, Utah for the implementation of the first commercial GHU. As indicated elsewhere in this annual report, on December 20, 2005, the Corporation received a notice of termination of this agreement. Pursuant to this agreement the GHU was designed to have processed up to 1,200 barrels per day of low grade atmospheric and vacuum tower distillate bottoms and convert them into higher value, lighter distillates and transportation fuels. The two companies were to share in the incremental revenues generated. Genoil was to participate in the net revenues generated by the GHU at varying percentages, both before and after payout. The project was to be partially funded by Silver Eagle. Preliminary total cost estimates, including Silver Eagle’s portion, for the project were in excess of $10 million U.S. In light of the recent termination of this agreement Genoil is currently in the process of attempting to find a purchaser of the subject refinery who is in favour of resurrecting this agreement or alternatively resolve the dispute.
2. On November 2, 2004, Genoil announced that an agreement was signed with OAO Lukoil for the testing of 150 barrels of its heavy oil from the Yarega oil field in Russia’s Komi Republic.
3. In connection with a note payable as disclosed in the note 7 of the accompanying financial statements, on December 13, 2004, Genoil entered into a letter agreement with a lender whereby the lender agreed to exercise its right to acquire common shares of Genoil, Genoil agreed to arrange for investors to purchase such common shares and the proceeds of such sale were paid to the lender to settle the entire principal and accrued interest amount owing to the lender. The terms of such settlement agreement are subject to continuing confidentiality obligations.
4. On December 31, 2004, the Corporation completed a non-brokered private placement through which it received $5,638,220 and issued non-interest bearing convertible debentures with a conversion price of $0.44 per share. The participants in the private placement also received 3,203,534 warrants entitling them to purchase 3,203,534 Common Shares at a price of $0.85 per share any time prior to December 23, 2009. The debentures mature in December 2014.
5. On June 15, 2005, Genoil announced that a letter of intent was signed with Surge Global Energy, Inc. to jointly examine the feasibility of constructing a commercial upgrader based on the Corporation’s technology. Pursuant to the terms of this letter of intent, Genoil will receive 30% of the net revenue stream associated with converting the oil. Presently, Surge Global is awaiting testing results to determine whether or not lifting the oil is economically feasible. Given economic test results, Genoil will undertake a cost estimate for the appropriate upgrading facility. Upon approval by Surge Global and pending the completion of the economic test results, the construction process will be initiated. This letter has not been turned into a binding agreement.

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6. On October 12, 2005, Genoil completed a non-brokered private placement with Lifschultz Terminal and Leasing Co. Inc., an entity controlled by David Lifschultz, through which it received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum with a conversion price of $0.44 per share.
7. In December 2005, Genoil arranged a non-brokered private placement with Lifschultz Enterprises Co., LLC, an entity controlled by David Lifschultz, through which Genoil received $750,000 and issued a convertible debenture, accruing interest at a rate of 12% per annum with a conversion price of $0.44 per share. This private placement also included the issuance of 426,000 warrants to purchase Common Shares, at an exercise price of $0.85 per share and exercisable within 6 months of the date of issuance. This private placement was completed in January 2006.
8. In February, 2006, Genoil entered into a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding with Hebei Zhongie Petro-Chemical Group to jointly develop and build the first major commercial heavy oil upgrader in China based on the GHU technology should such a project prove feasible and desirable. This memorandum of understanding requires the completion of an engineering and feasibility study to test the GHU technology’s ability to process M380 feed which is available at Nanpaihe Town, Huanghua City, Hebei, China, where the proposed upgrader is to be located.
     D.  Exchange controls.
     There is no law or governmental decree or regulation in Canada that restricts the export or import of capital or affects the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to a non-resident holder of Shares, other than withholding tax requirements. See “Taxation.”
     E.  Taxation.
     Genoil has provided the following summary of the material Canadian federal and U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable in respect of the holding or disposing of Common Shares. This summary does not address all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in its Common Shares. There may be provincial, territorial, state and local taxes applicable to a potential shareholder, depending on the shareholder’s particular circumstances, which are not addressed in this summary. The tax consequences to any particular holder, including a U.S. Holder of common shares (defined below) will vary according to the status of that holder as an individual, trust, corporation, or member of a partnership, the jurisdiction in which the holder is subject to taxation, the place where the holder is resident and generally, according to the holder’s particular circumstances.
      U.S. Holder of Common Shares
     References to a “U.S. Holder of common shares” in this section include individuals, corporations, trusts or estates who are holders of Common Shares and who:
    for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “ITA”) and the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980), as amended by the protocol signed on July 29, 1997, (the “Treaty”) are residents of the U.S. and have never been residents of Canada;
 
    for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) are U.S. persons;
 
    deal at arm’s length with us for purposes of the ITA;
 
    will hold the Common Shares as capital property for purposes of the ITA;
 
    will hold the Common Shares as capital assets for purposes of the Code;
 
    do not and will not hold the Common Shares in carrying on a business in Canada;
 
    will not perform independent personal services from a fixed base situated in Canada; and

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    are not or will not be subject to special provisions of Canadian or U.S. federal income tax law, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, financial institutions, real estate investment trusts, shareholders that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, shareholders that own shares through a partnership or other pass-through entity, shareholders that hold shares as part of a straddle, hedge or conversion transaction, tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, insurance companies, shareholders who acquired their shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation and mutual fund companies.
     The following summary of Canadian federal and U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to a U.S. Holder of Genoil’s Common Shares is based on the following, as at the time of this statement:
    the ITA and the Income Tax Regulations (Canada) (the “Regulations”);
 
    published proposals to amend the ITA and the Regulations;
 
    published administrative positions and practices of the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency;
 
    the Code;
 
    Treasury Regulations;
 
    published Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) rulings;
 
    published administrative positions of the IRS;
 
    published jurisprudence that is considered applicable; and
 
    the Treaty.
     All of the foregoing is subject to material or adverse change, on a prospective or retroactive basis, at any time. The tax laws of the various provinces or territories of Canada and the tax laws of the various state and local jurisdictions of the U.S. are not considered in this summary.
     This summary is not exhaustive of all possible income tax consequences. The following discussion is for general information only and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any holder or prospective holder of Genoil’s Common Shares and no opinion or representation with respect to any such holder or prospective holder with respect to the income tax consequences to any such holder or prospective holder is made. Accordingly, it is recommended that holders and prospective holders of the Corporation’s Common Shares consult their own tax advisors about the Canadian federal and provincial and U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of the Corporation’s Common Shares.
      Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences
Disposition of Common Shares
     Provided that the Common Shares are listed on a “prescribed stock exchange”, which currently includes the TSX Venture Exchange but does not include the OTC Bulletin Board, a U.S. Holder of Common Shares will not be subject to tax in Canada under the ITA on capital gains realized on the disposition of such Common Shares unless the shares are “taxable Canadian property.” Such Common Shares will be taxable Canadian property if, in general, at any time during the sixty month period immediately preceding the disposition, 25% or more of Genoil’s issued shares of any class (or an option to acquire 25% or more of the issued shares of any class) were owned by such holder, or by such holder and persons with whom such holder did not deal at arm’s length. If the Corporation’s shares are taxable Canadian property to a U.S. Holder of Common Shares, 50% of any resulting capital gain realized on the disposition of such shares may be subject to tax in Canada. However, the Treaty provides that gains realized by a U.S. Holder of Common Shares on the disposition of shares of a Canadian corporation will be exempt from federal tax in Canada unless the value of the Canadian corporation is derived principally from real property situated

35


 

in Canada. It is the current position of the Canada Revenue Agency that a U.S. limited liability company is not entitled to the benefits of the Treaty.
Dividend Distributions on Genoil’s Shares
     Dividends paid on Genoil’s Common Shares held by a U.S. Holder of Common Shares will be subject to Canadian non-resident withholding tax. The Corporation is required to withhold taxes at source. Under the Treaty, a withholding rate of 5% is applicable to corporations resident in the United States and who are beneficial owners of at least 10% of the voting shares of the Corporation. Under the Treaty, a withholding rate of 15% is applicable in all other cases.
      United States Federal Income Tax Consequences
     The U.S. federal income tax consequences related to the disposition and ownership of Common Shares, subject to the Foreign Personal Holding Company Rules, Passive Foreign Investment Company and Controlled Foreign Corporation Rules contained in the Code, are generally as follows:
Disposition of Common Shares
     On a disposition of Common Shares, a U.S. Holder of Common Shares generally will recognize a gain or loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale and the U.S. Holder of Common Share’s adjusted tax basis in those shares. Any such gain or loss will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder has held the shares for more than one year. Otherwise the gain or loss will be a short-term capital gain or loss. However, a gain realized on the disposition of Common Shares may be treated as ordinary income if the company was a “collapsible corporation” within the meaning of the Code. The gain or loss will generally be a U.S. source gain or loss.
     A collapsible corporation is usually formed to give a short-term venture the appearance of a long-term investment in order to portray income as capital gain rather than profit. Such a corporation is typically formed for the sole purpose of purchasing property and usually dissolved before the property has generated substantial income. The Internal Revenue Service treats the income earned through a collapsible corporation as ordinary income rather than as capital gain.
Dividend Distributions on Shares
     Dividend distributions (including constructive dividends) paid by Genoil will be required to be included in the income of a U.S. Holder of Common Shares to the extent of the Corporation’s current or accumulated earnings and profits (“E&P”) attributable to the distribution without reduction for any Canadian withholding tax withheld from such distributions. Even if such payment is in fact not converted to U.S. dollars, the amount of any cash distribution paid in Canadian dollars will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of the Canadian dollars on the date of distribution based on the exchange rate on such date. To the extent distributions the Corporation pays on the Common Shares exceed the Corporation’s current or accumulated E&P, they will be treated first as a return of capital up to a shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares and then as capital gain from the sale or exchange of the shares.
     Dividends paid on the Common Shares generally will not be eligible for the “dividends received” deduction provided to corporations receiving dividends from certain U.S. corporations. These dividends generally may be subject to backup withholding tax, unless a U.S. Holder of Common Shares furnishes the Corporation with a duly completed and signed Form W-9. The U.S. Holder of Common Shares will be allowed a refund or a credit equal to any amount withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules against the U.S. Holder of Common Share’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the shareholder furnishes the required information to the IRS.
Foreign Tax Credit
     A U.S. Holder of Common Shares will generally be entitled to a foreign tax credit or deduction in an amount equal to the Canadian tax withheld. Dividends paid by Genoil generally will constitute foreign source dividend income and “passive income” for purposes of the foreign tax credit, which could reduce the amount of foreign tax credits available to shareholders. There are significant and complex limitations that apply to the credit.

36


 

Foreign Personal Holding Company Rules
     Special U.S. tax rules apply to a shareholder of a foreign personal holding company (“FPHC”). Genoil would be classified as a FPHC in any taxable year if both of the following tests are satisfied:
    at least 60% of Genoil’s gross income consists of “foreign personal holding company income”, which generally includes passive income such as dividends, interest, royalties, gains from shares and commodity transactions and rents; and
 
    more than 50% of the total voting power of all classes of voting shares or the total value of outstanding shares is owned directly or indirectly by five or fewer individuals who are U.S. citizens or residents.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
     Special U.S. tax rules apply to a shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”). Genoil could be classified as a PFIC if, after the application of certain “look through” rules, for any taxable year, either:
    75% or more of the Corporation’s gross income for the taxable year is “passive income,” which includes interest, dividends and certain rents and royalties; or
 
    the average quarterly percentage, by fair market value of the Corporation’s assets that produce or are held for the production of “passive income” is 50% or more of the fair market value of all of its assets.
     To the extent Genoil owns at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation, it is treated for purposes of the PFIC tests as owning its proportionate share of the assets of such corporation, and as receiving directly its proportionate share of the income of such corporation.
     Distributions which constitute “excess distributions” from a PFIC and dispositions of Common Shares of a PFIC are subject to the following special rules:
    the excess distributions (generally any distributions received by a U.S. Holder of Common Shares on the shares in any taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder of Common Shares in the three preceding taxable years, or the U.S. Holder of Common Share’s holding period for the shares, if shorter) or gain would be allocated on a pro rata basis over a U.S. Holder of Common Share’s holding period for the shares;
 
    the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which the Corporation is a PFIC would be treated as ordinary income in the current taxable year; and
 
    the amount allocated to each of the other taxable years would be subject to the highest rate of tax on ordinary income in effect for that year and to an interest charge based on the value of the tax deferred during the period during which the shares are owned.
     U.S. Holders of Common Shares who actually or constructively own shares in a PFIC may be eligible to make certain elections which require them to include income for the PFIC on an annual basis.
Controlled Foreign Corporation Rules
     Generally, if more than 50% of the voting power or total value of all classes of Genoil’s shares are owned, directly or indirectly, by U.S. shareholders, who individually own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of the Corporation’s shares, the Corporation could be treated as a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) under Subpart F of the Code. This classification would require such 10% or greater shareholders to include in income their pro rata shares of its “Subpart F Income,” as defined in the Code. In addition, a gain from the sale or exchange of shares by a U.S. Holder of Common Shares who is or was a 10% or greater shareholder at any time during the five year period ending with the sale or exchange will be deemed ordinary dividend income to the extent that the Corporation’s E&P is attributable to the shares sold or exchanged.

37


 

     F.  Dividends and paying agents.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Securities Act .
     G.  Statement by experts.
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Securities Act .
     H.  Documents on display.
     Upon the effectiveness of this filing, Genoil will be subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and it will thereafter file reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any of the Corporation’s reports and other information at, and obtain copies upon payment of prescribed fees from, the Public Reference Room maintained by the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549. In addition, the SEC maintains a Web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
     Genoil is required to file reports and other information with the securities commission of the Provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Nova Scotia, Canada. You are invited to read and copy any reports, statements or other information, other than confidential filings, that Genoil files with the provincial securities commissions. These filings are also electronically available from the Canadian System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) (http://www.sedar.com), the Canadian equivalent of the SEC’s electronic document gathering and retrieval system (EDGAR).
     Genoil will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, on the written or oral request of such person, a copy of any or all documents referred to above which have been or may be incorporated by reference in this report (not including exhibits to such incorporated information that are not specifically incorporated by reference into such information). Requests for such copies should be directed to Genoil’s principal executive offices at 510, 703 — 6 Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 0T9.
     I.  Subsidiary information.
     Genoil has four subsidiaries; Genoil (USA) Inc.,Velox Corporation, Hydrogen Solutions Inc, and Crystal Clear Solutions Ltd. Genoil owns 100% of Genoil (USA) Inc., Hydrogen Solutions Inc. and Crystal Clear Solutions Ltd. Neither of the last two aforementioned companies has any material assets. Genoil owns 50.1% of Velox Corporation. Genoil (USA) Inc. incorporated in the United States is owned 100% by Genoil.
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
     Genoil is not exposed to cash flow and translation risk due to changes in the Canadian/United States dollar exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations at this time due to the fact it does not currently conduct any material business in the United States.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
     Not required as this is an annual report under the Securities Act .

38


 

PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividends Arrearages and Delinquencies
     There have been no material defaults in the payment of interest or principal or any dividend or arrearages or material delinquencies.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
     There has been no material modification to the rights of Genoil’s security holders.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
     (a)  Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures . The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act ), as of the year end of December 31, 2005. Based on such evaluation, they have concluded that as of such date, Genoil’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective and designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by it in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable SEC rules and forms;
     (b)  Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting . Not yet required as the registrant is a Foreign Private Issuer;
     (c)  Attestation Report of registered public accounting firm . The attestation report of registered public accounting firm is not required, as the registrant is a Foreign Private Issuer;
     (d)  Changes in internal controls over financial reporting . There were no changes in Genoil’s internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of 17 CRF 240.13a-15 or 240.15d-15 that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that has affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16. [Reserved ]
     Not applicable.
Item A Audit Committee Financial Expert
     The board of directors has determined that Brian Korney, who is a chartered accountant, qualifies as a financial expert. He is not an independent director for this purpose, as the New York Stock Exchange Rules state that a director who is an employee of the company is not independent until three years after the end of such employment relationship.
Item B Code of Ethics
     Genoil has adopted a Code of Conduct that meets the requirements of the definition of a “Code of Ethics” as that term is defined in Item 16B(b) of Form 20-F. Genoil’s Code of Conduct is applicable to all of its employees, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The Corporation does not currently employ a principal accounting officer. Its Code of Conduct has been attached as Exhibit 11 to this annual report.
Item C Audit Fees
     KPMG LLP served as Genoil’s independent public accountants for the year ended December 31, 2004. During the third quarter of 2005, Genoil retained BDO Dunwoody LLP as the Corporation’s auditors. BDO Dunwoody LLP served as its independent public accountants for the remainder of the year ended December 31, 2005. The

39


 

following table summarizes the aggregate fees for professional audit services and other services rendered by KPMG LLP and BDO Dunwoody LLP in the past two years.
     In Canadian dollars
                 
    2004     2005  
Audit Fees
  $ 75,000     $ 160,000  
Audit-Related Fees
  $ 89,000        
Tax
           
All Other Fees
           
 
           
Total
  $ 164,000     $ 160,000  
 
           
      Audit Fees
     Audit fees include fees for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of Genoil’s annual financial statements set forth in its Annual Report on Form 20-F and services provided by the audit of its annual financial statements set forth in its Annual Report on Form 20-F and services provided by the independent auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
      Audit Related Fees
     Audit-related fees are generally fees billed for services that are closely related to the performance of the audit or review of financial statements.
      Tax Fees
     Tax fees are fees for professional services rendered related to tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.
      All Other Fees
     The Company’s audit committee is required to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services rendered by and approve the engagement fees and other compensation to be paid to the independent accountant and its affiliates. When deciding whether to approve these items, Genoil’s audit committee takes into account whether the provision of any non-audit service is compatible with the independence standards under the guidelines of the SEC and of the Independent Standards Board. To assist in this undertaking, the audit committee requires the independent accountant to submit a report describing all relationships the independent accountant has with the Company and relevant third parties to determine the independent accountant’s independence.
Item D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements
     The Consolidated Financial Statements for years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 are filed as part of this registration statement as Exhibit 14.

40


 

Item 18. Financial Statements
     The registrant has elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 17 that include, as Note 21, the differences between Canadian and US GAAP.
Item 19. Exhibits
(a)   Financial Statements
         
Description of Document   Page No.    
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
  F-2    
 
       
Consolidated Balance Sheets as December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004
  F-3    
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Loss for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005
  F-4    
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Deficit for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005
  F-5    
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005
  F-6    
 
       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
  F-7    
(b)   Exhibits
     
Exhibit Number   Description
1.1*
  Articles of Incorporation of Genoil Inc. dated April 1, 1996
 
   
1.2*
  Articles of Amendment of Genoil Inc. dated June 27, 1996
 
   
1.3
  Certificate and Articles of Amalgamation of Genoil Inc. dated September 5, 1996
 
   
1.4
  Certificate and Articles of Amendment of Genoil Inc. dated May 31, 2006
 
   
1.5
  By-laws of Genoil Inc. as adopted on May 2, 2006
 
   
2.1
  Stock Option Plan of Genoil Inc., as amended October 25, 2001 and January 13, 2003, March 30, 2004, June 3, 2005, March 1, 2006 and May 31, 2006.
 
   
2.2**
  Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement and form of Convertible Note dated December 23, 2004
 
   
2.3
  $750,000 Convertible Promissory Note Dated January 23, 2006 with Lifschultz Enterprises Co., LLC.
 
   
4*
  Sample Marketing Agreement
 
   
5
  List of patents held by Genoil Inc.
 
   
11
  Code of Conduct as adopted on May 31, 2006.
 
   
12.1
  Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
12.2
  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
13.1
  Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
13.2
  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
*   These exhibits were filed with Genoil’s 2003 Form 20-F.
 
**   This exhibit was filed with Genoil’s 2004 Form 20-F.

41


 

SIGNATURES
     The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
         
Dated: July 13, 2006



  GENOIL INC.
 
 
  By:   /s/ David K. Lifschultz    
    David K. Lifschultz    
    Chief Executive Officer    
 

42


 

Consolidated Financial Statements of
GENOIL INC.
Year ended December 31, 2005
         
Management’s Report
    F-2  
 
       
Auditors’ Report — 2005
    F-3  
 
       
Comments by Auditors for U.S. Readers on Canada-United States Reporting Differences
    F-4  
 
       
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — 2004 and 2003
    F-5  
 
       
Consolidated Balance Sheets as December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004
    F-6  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Loss and Deficit for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005
    F-7  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005
    F-8  
 
       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
    F-9  

 


 

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT
Management, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, has prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Genoil Inc. Financial and operational information presented throughout this Annual Report is consistent with that shown in the consolidated financial statements.
Management is responsible for the integrity of the financial information. Internal control systems are designed and maintained to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded from loss or unauthorized use and to produce reliable accounting records for financial reporting purposes.
BDO Dunwoody LLP were appointed by the Company to perform an examination of the corporate and accounting records so as to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. Their examination included a review of the Company’s internal control systems and included such test and procedures, as they considered necessary, to provide reasonable assurance that the consolidated financial statements are presented fairly in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.
The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that management fulfills its responsibilities for financial reporting and internal control. The Board exercises this responsibility through the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee meets with management and the independent auditors to ensure that management’s responsibilities are properly discharged, to review the consolidated financial statements and recommend that the consolidated financial statements be presented to the Board of Directors for approval.
The Audit Committee also considers the independence of the external auditors and reviews their fees. The external auditors have access to the Audit Committee without the presence of management.
     
“David K. Lifschultz”
  “Kirk R. Morgan”
 
   
David K. Lifschultz
  Kirk R. Morgan
President & Chief Executive Officer
  Chief Financial Officer
April 21, 2006

F-2


 

Auditors’ Report
To the shareholders of Genoil Inc.
We have audited the Consolidated Balance Sheet of Genoil Inc. as at December 31, 2005 and the Consolidated Statements of Loss and Deficit and Cash Flows for the year then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at December 31, 2005 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.
The comparative figures were reported upon by other auditors. Their report covered the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, contained no reservations and was dated June 30, 2005.
On April 21, 2006, we reported separately to the shareholders of Genoil Inc. on financial statements for the same period prepared in accordance with the Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, excluding Note 21, Differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and the United States, included in these accompanying financial statements.
/s/ BDO Dunwoody LLP
 
Chartered Accountants
Vancouver, Canada
April 21, 2006

F-3


 

Comments by Auditors for U.S. Readers
on Canada-United States Reporting Differences
The reporting standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) for auditors require the addition of an explanatory paragraph (following the opinion paragraph) when the financial statements are affected by conditions and events that cast substantial doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, such as those described in Note 1 to the financial statements. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) reporting standards also require the addition of an explanatory paragraph (following the opinion paragraph) when changes in an accounting policy, such as those involving 2004 stock-based compensation described in Note 3, have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Although we conducted our audit in accordance with both Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), our report to the shareholders dated April 21, 2006 is expressed in accordance with Canadian reporting standards which do not permit a reference to such conditions and events in the auditors’ report when these are adequately disclosed in the financial statements.
/s/ BDO Dunwoody LLP
 
Chartered Accountants
Vancouver, Canada,
April 21, 2006

F-4


 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
Genoil Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Genoil Inc. as at December 31, 2004 and the consolidated statements of loss and deficit and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2004. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Genoil Inc. and subsidiaries as at December 31, 2004 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2004 in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the company has suffered recurring losses from operations and is not realizing any cash from operations that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
As described in note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the company retroactively changed its method of accounting for stock based compensation in 2004.
Canadian generally accepted accounting principles vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in note 21 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Chartered Accountants
Calgary, Canada
June 30, 2005

F-5


 

GENOIL INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
                 
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2005     2004  
 
 
               
Assets
               
 
               
Current
               
Cash
  $ 455,632     $  
Cash in trust — convertible debentures (note 9)
          5,638,220  
Receivables
    99,383       57,651  
 
 
    555,015       5,695,871  
 
               
Upgraders (note 4)
    2,322,540       3,416,345  
Patents and technology rights (note 5)
    3,183,478       3,537,198  
Office equipment (note 6)
    94,871       53,581  
 
Total Assets
  $ 6,155,904     $ 12,702,995  
 
 
               
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
               
 
               
Liabilities
               
 
               
Current
               
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  $ 1,678,550     $ 1,183,093  
Due to related parties (note 14)
    118,383       1,655,345  
Note payable, secured (note 7)
          3,024,991  
Convertible notes to related parties (note 8)
    1,458,397        
 
 
    3,255,330       5,863,429  
 
               
Convertible debentures (note 9)
    2,033,199       1,815,356  
 
Total Liabilities
    5,288,529       7,678,785  
 
 
               
Shareholders’ equity
               
Share capital (note 10)
               
Authorized
               
An unlimited number of common shares without par value
               
Issued
               
196,051,227 (2004 — 178,880,056) common shares
    21,665,406       15,576,995  
Warrants to purchase common shares (note 11)
    1,052,984       2,386,457  
Contributed surplus (note 12)
    8,022,431       6,010,883  
Deficit
    (29,873,446 )     (18,950,125 )
 
 
    867,375       5,024,210  
 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
  $ 6,155,904     $ 12,702,995  
 
Ability to continue as a Going Concern (note 1)
Commitments and Contingencies (note 18)
Subsequent Events (note 19)
     
“David K. Lifschultz”
  “Robert Fields”
 
   
Director
  Director
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-6


 

GENOIL INC.
Consolidated Statements of Loss and Deficit
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
                         
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31  
For the year ended   2005     2004     2003  
 
 
                       
Expenses
                       
Pilot upgrader
  $ 1,714,872     $ 741,049     $ 1,092,774  
Administration
    3,924,916       2,522,906       1,568,332  
Stock based compensation (note 10)
    1,960,141       1,858,163       1,055,436  
Interest
    58,383       345,500       225,491  
Interest accretion on note payable (note 7)
    234,761       770,129       560,000  
Accretion of convertible note (note 8)
    10,954              
Accretion of convertible debentures (note 9)
    217,843              
Depreciation and amortization
    629,507       742,901       868,860  
Impairment of long term assets (notes 4 and 5)
    2,191,428       2,116,912        
Dispute settlement
                350,000  
 
 
    (10,942,805 )     (9,097,560 )     5,720,893  
Interest income
    19,484             9,637  
 
Net loss for the year
    (10,923,321 )     (9,097,560 )     (5,711,256 )
Deficit , beginning of year
    (18,950,125 )     (8,940,351 )     (4,062,884 )
Adjustment for change in accounting policy (note 3)
          (912,214 )     (78,425 )
 
Deficit , end of year
  $ (29,873,446 )   $ (18,950,125 )   $ (9,852,565 )
 
 
                       
Loss per share
                       
Basic and diluted
  $ (0.06 )   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.04 )
 
 
                       
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
    191,558,255       169,821,090       145,736,585  
 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-7


 

GENOIL INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
                         
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
For the year ended   2005     2004     2003  
 
 
                       
Cash provided by (used in)
                       
 
                       
Operating activities
                       
Net loss for the year
  $ (10,923,321 )   $ (9,097,560 )   $ (5,711,256 )
Items not involving cash
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    629,507       742,901       868,860  
Accrued interest on note payable
    8,951       256,250       225,491  
Accrued charges on convertible debentures
          75,000        
Accretion of convertible notes (note 8)
    10,954              
Accretion of convertible debentures (note 9)
    217,843              
Stock-based compensation (note 10)
    1,960,141       1,858,163       1,055,436  
Interest accretion on note payable (note 7)
    234,761       770,129       560,000  
Impairment of long term assets (notes 4 and 5)
    2,191,428       2,116,912        
Dispute settlement
                350,000  
Changes in non-cash operating working capital (note 13)
    453,725       1,445,957       180,273  
 
 
    (5,216,011 )     (1,832,248 )     (2,471,196 )
 
Financing activities
                       
Settlement of note payable
    (3,033,943 )            
Issue of common shares
    4,047,613       1,509,137       1,645,654  
Share issue expense
          (270,119 )     (90,360 )
(Repayment of) advances from related parties
    (1,065,548 )     1,495,154       225,117  
Convertible debentures
    1,500,000       5,638,220        
 
 
    1,448,123       8,372,392       1,780,411  
 
Investing activities
                       
Acquisition of hydroconversion upgrader equipment
    (1,371,951 )     (689,478 )      
Recoveries of (purchase of) pilot upgrader equipment
    15,412       (199,044 )     (206,532 )
Acquisition of patents and technology rights
          (150,447 )     (40,000 )
Acquisition of office equipment
    (58,161 )     (14,570 )     (9,404 )
 
 
    (1,414,700 )     (1,053,539 )     (255,936 )
 
Increase (decrease) in cash
    (5,182,588 )     5,486,605       (946,721 )
Cash and cash in trust , beginning of year
    5,638,220       151,615       1,098,336  
 
Cash and cash in trust , end of year
  $ 455,632     $ 5,638,220     $ 151,615  
 
 
                       
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
                       
Cash paid during the year for
                       
Income taxes
  $     $     $  
Interest
  $     $ 14,250     $  
 
Non-cash items not included in the statements of cash flows are as follows                
 
                       
Issuance of common shares:
                       
(i) settlement of debts (note 10)
  $ 471,414     $ 795,865     $ 440,455  
(ii) technology rights and services on upgrader
  $     $ 371,661     $  
 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-8


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 (Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
1.   Nature of Business and Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
 
    Genoil Inc. (the “Company”) is incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act. The Company is a technology development company focused on providing innovative solutions to the oil and gas industry through the use of proprietary technologies. The Company’s business activities are primarily directed on development and commercialization of the upgrader technology which is designed to economically convert heavy crude oil into light synthetic crude. The Company is listed on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol GNO as well as the OTC Bulletin Board using the symbol GNOLF.OB.
 
    These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles on a going concern basis, which presumes the Company will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of operations for the foreseeable future. As at December 31, 2005, the Company has a working capital deficiency of $2,700,315 (2004 — $167,558), has incurred a loss of $10,923,321 (2004 - $9,097,560; 2003 — $5,711,256) for the year ended December 31, 2005, and has accumulated losses of $29,873,446 (2004 — $18,950,125) since inception.
 
    The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is in substantial doubt and dependent on achieving profitable operations, commercializing its upgrader technology, and obtaining the necessary financing in order to develop this technology further. The outcome of these matters cannot be predicted at this time. The Company will continue to review the prospects of raising additional debt and equity financing to support its operations until such time that its operations become self-sustaining, fund its research and development activities, and ensure the realization of its assets and discharge of its liabilities. While the Company is expending its best efforts to achieve the above plans, there is no assurance that any such activity will generate sufficient funds for operations.
 
    The Company is not expected to be profitable during the ensuing twelve months and therefore must rely on securing additional funds from either issuance of debt or equity financing for cash consideration. Subsequent to year end, the Company received additional equity financing (note 19).
 
    The consolidated financial statements do not reflect adjustments in carrying values and classifications of assets and liabilities that would be necessary should the Company not be able to continue its operations.

F-9


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
2.   Significant accounting policies
  (a)   Basis of presentation
 
      These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (“Canadian GAAP”), which, in the case of the Company, differ in certain respects from those in the United States. These differences are described in note 21 , Differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and the United States .
 
      These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owed United States subsidiary Genoil (USA), Inc., together with a 50.1% interest in Velox Corporation (an inactive company with no significant assets or liabilities). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
 
  (b)   Use of estimates
 
      The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Canadian GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
  (c)   Upgraders and office equipment
 
      The upgraders and office equipment are recorded at cost. Renewals and betterments are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. Amortization and depreciation are provided using the following methods and annual rates:
     
 
Upgraders
  - 10% declining balance
 
   
Office equipment
  - 20% straight line
 
  (d)   Patents and technology rights
 
      Patents are recorded at cost and are amortized over ten years on a declining balance basis. Pending patent costs are not amortized until the patents are registered.
 
      Technology rights are recorded at cost. Amortization is provided over ten years on a declining balance basis.

F-10


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
2.   Significant accounting policies — continued
  (e)   Impairment of long-term assets
 
      The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets, which consist of upgraders, patents and technology rights, and office equipment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used are measured by a comparison of the carrying value of the assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value.
 
  (f)   Foreign currency translation
 
      Accounts of foreign operations, which are considered financially and operationally integrated, are translated to Canadian dollars using average rates for the year for revenue and expenses, except depreciation and amortization which are translated at the rate of exchange applicable to the related assets. Gains or losses resulting from these translation adjustments are included in earnings. Monetary assets are translated at current exchange rates and non-monetary assets are translated using historical rates of exchange.
 
  (g)   Research and development costs
 
      Research costs are expensed in the period incurred. Development costs are expensed in the period incurred unless the Company believes the development project meets Canadian generally accepted accounting criteria for deferral and amortization. In evaluating these criteria, the Company considers technological feasibility to be established only when a product demonstrates it operates under conditions which are acceptable to target customers. If management determines that the development of products to which such costs have been capitalized is not reasonably certain, or that costs exceed recoverable value, such costs are charged to operations.
 
  (h)   Stock-based compensation
 
      Effective January 1, 2004, the Company retroactively adopted the recommendations of the revised Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (“CICA”) Handbook Section 3870, Stock-Based Compensation and Other-Stock-Based Payments , which requires the Company to adopt the fair value based method for all stock-based awards granted on or after January 1, 2002 and to account for the grants as compensation expense in its financial statements. The effect of the change in accounting policy is described in note 3.
 
      The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options granted. See note 10 for details of assumptions used in the calculations.

F-11


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
2.   Significant accounting policies — continued
  (i)   Income taxes
 
      The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method of tax allocation. Future income taxes are recognized for the future income tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases (the temporary difference). Future income tax assets and liabilities are measured using substantively enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on future income tax assets and liabilities of a change in rates is included in earnings in the period that includes the substantial enactment date. Future income tax assets are recorded in the consolidated financial statements if realization is considered more likely than not. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce future income tax assets recognized by the amount of any future income tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.
 
  (j)   Loss per share
 
      Basic per share amounts are calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period. Weighted average number of shares is determined by relating the portion of time within the reporting period that common shares have been outstanding to the total time in that period. Diluted per share amounts are calculated based on the treasury-stock method, which assumes that any proceeds obtained on exercise of options would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price during the reporting period. The weighted average number of shares outstanding is then adjusted by the net change.
 
      For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, potentially dilutive common shares (relating to convertible notes and debentures as well as options and warrants outstanding at year end) totaling 49,337,242 (2004 — 55,261,590) were not included in the computation of loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive. Therefore, basic and diluted loss per share are the same for the years presented.

F-12


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
2.   Significant accounting policies — continued
  (k)   Asset retirement obligation
 
      The Company recognizes the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the year in which it is incurred when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The carrying amount of the related long-lived asset is increased by the same amount as the liability.
 
      Changes in the liability for an asset retirement obligation due to the passage of time will be measured by applying an interest method of allocation. The amount will be recognized as an increase in the liability and an accretion expense in the statement of operations. Changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows are recognized as an increase or a decrease in the carrying amount of the liability and the related long-lived asset.
 
      As at December 31, 2005 and 2004, the Company had no asset retirement obligations.
 
  (l)   Convertible instruments
 
      The equity and liability components of convertible instruments are presented separately in accordance with their substance. The liability component is accreted to the amount payable at maturity by way of a charge to earnings using the effective interest method. Detachable warrants issued in conjunction with the convertible instrument are recorded at fair value using the Black-Scholes stock price valuation model, and classified as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.
3.   Changes in accounting policies
 
    Effective January 1, 2004, the Company retroactively adopted the new accounting standard for stock based compensation.
 
    Under this standard, compensation costs attributable to all stock options granted after January 1, 2002 are measured at fair value at the grant date and expensed over the vesting period with a corresponding increase in contributed surplus. The effect of this change in accounting policy resulted in an increase in the deficit of $912,214 at January 1, 2004 ($78,425 at January 1, 2003) with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus.

F-13


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
4.   Upgraders
                                                         
    Pilot upgrader     Hydroconversion upgrader        
            Accumulated                     Accumulated              
    Cost     amortization     Net     Cost     amortization     Net     Total  
 
Balance, December 31, 2003
  $ 3,549,948     $ (874,599 )   $ 2,675,349     $     $     $     $ 2,675,349  
Additions (disposals)
    199,004             199,004       819,477             819,477       1,018,481  
Amortization
          (277,485 )     (277,485 )                       (277,485 )
 
Balance, December 31, 2004
    3,748,952       (1,152,084 )     2,596,868       819,477             819,477       3,416,345  
Additions (cost recovery)
    (15,412 )           (15,412 )     1,371,951             1,371,951       1,356,539  
Amortization
          (258,916 )     (258,916 )                       (258,916 )
Write-down
                      (2,191,428 )           (2,191,428 )     (2,191,428 )
 
Balance, December 31, 2005
  $ 3,733,540     $ (1,411,000 )   $ 2,322,540     $     $     $     $ 2,322,540  
 
    During the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company agreed to build and install a hydroconversion upgrader in a U.S. refinery in exchange for a share in the incremental revenues the upgrader would generate. The Company initially estimated the total design, construction and implementation costs to be in excess of U.S. $11 million. In 2005, the Company incurred design and material costs of $1,371,951 (2004 — $819,477) for the hydroconversion upgrader installation.
 
    During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company received notice that the U.S. refinery terminated its contract with the Company. As such, management has determined that the hydroconversion upgrader had been impaired and recorded a $2,191,428 (2004 — $Nil; 2003 — $Nil) writedown against this amount.
 
5.   Patents and technology rights
                                                         
    Patents     Technology rights        
            Accumulated                 Accumulated              
    Cost     depreciation     Net     Cost     depreciation     Net     Total  
 
Balance, December 31, 2003
  $ 856,201     $ (201,291 )   $ 654,910     $ 6,238,437     $ (1,177,436 )   $ 5,061,001     $ 5,715,911  
Additions
    448             448       391,700             391,700       392,148  
Write-down
                      (2,405,000 )     288,088       (2,116,912 )     (2,116,912 )
Depreciation
          (65,513 )     (65,513 )           (388,436 )     (388,436 )     (453,949 )
 
Balance, December 31, 2004
    856,649       (266,804 )     589,845       4,225,137       (1,277,784 )     2,947,353       3,537,198  
Depreciation
          (58,985 )     (58,985 )           (294,735 )     (294,735 )     (353,720 )
 
 
                                                       
Balance, December 31, 2005
  $ 856,649     $ (325,789 )   $ 530,860     $ 4,225,137     $ (1,572,519 )   $ 2,652,618     $ 3,183,478  
 

F-14


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
5.   Patents and technology rights — continued
 
    The patents relate to fluid gas integration, crude oil and bitumen treatment and oil-water separation. These patents expire from 2019 to 2021.
 
    The Company has the worldwide rights, except for Europe, for certain oil-water separation technology. The term of these rights ranges from 5 to 10 years, depending on the country.
 
    Recovery of the patents and technology rights costs remain uncertain. Recovery of these costs depends on the commercial application of its patents and technology rights and ultimately attaining profitable operations.
 
    During 2004, management determined that the carrying value of certain of the technology rights were less than their future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated. As such, the Company determined that the technology rights had been impaired and recorded a $2,116,912 impairment provision against these rights.
 
6.   Office equipment
                         
    Office     Accumulated        
    equipment     depreciation     Total  
 
Balance, December 31, 2003
  $ 80,098     $ (29,620 )   $ 50,478  
Additions
    14,570             14,570  
Depreciation
          (11,467 )     (11,467 )
 
Balance, December 31, 2004
    94,668       (41,087 )     53,581  
Additions
    58,161             58,161  
Depreciation
          (16,871 )     (16,871 )
 
 
                       
Balance, December 31, 2005
  $ 152,829     $ (57,958 )   $ 94,871  
 
7.   Note payable, secured
                 
    2005     2004  
 
 
               
Principal
  $     $ 2,300,000  
Accrued interest
          724,991  
 
 
  $     $ 3,024,991  
 
    The funds to finance the acquisition of substantially all of the upgrader related patent and technology rights and certain other patent and technology rights were borrowed from a third party oil and gas producer. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the Company granted the lender a right to acquire 9,000,000 common shares at $0.20 per share prior to November 14, 2006 and 1,000,000 common shares at $0.50 per share prior to November 14, 2006. Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, the fair value of these rights was estimated to be $1,564,000. This amount has been recognized as a financing cost over the term of the note. As discussed below, the notes were settled in the year, as such the remaining accretion expense on these financing costs of $234,761 was included in the Company’s statement of loss for the year ended December 31, 2005 (2004 — $770,129; 2003 — $560,000).

F-15


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
7.   Note payable, secured — continued
 
    On February 3, 2005, the lender agreed to exercise its right to acquire 10,000,000 common shares for $2,300,000. As part of the note payable settlement agreement, the Company agreed to arrange for investors to purchase the 10,000,000 common shares exercised by the holder for approximately $3.0 million. The total proceeds on the sale of the shares were paid to the holder to settle the entire principal and accrued interest outstanding. Accordingly, the Company has attributed the value of $3,033,942 to the shares based on the quoted market value of the shares issued at full settlement of the debt and interest. As such, the Company has not recorded a gain or loss with regards to this debt settlement for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
8.   Convertible notes
                                 
    Face                     Carrying  
    Amount     Discount     Accretion     Value  
 
 
                               
Convertible note 1 (note (a))
  $ 750,000     $ (25,819 )   $ 10,954     $ 735,135  
Convertible note 2 (note (b))
    750,000       (26,738 )           723,262  
 
 
  $ 1,500,000     $ (52,557 )   $ 10,954     $ 1,458,397  
 
  (a)   On October 24, 2005, the Company issued a $750,000 convertible note to a company controlled by a director and officer of the Company. This convertible note is due on April 6, 2006 and has an interest rate of 12% per annum. The principle of the note and any unpaid accrued interests may be converted to common shares of the Company at a rate of $0.44 per share at any time prior to maturity. The Company can require conversion of the note, if the Company’s common share trading price exceeds $1.55 per share, based on the weighted average trading price for the day on the TSX Venture Exchange for 30 consecutive trading days during the term of the note.
 
      The fair value of the repayment obligation, being the present value of the future principal and interest payments using a discount factor of 19.5%, was estimated to be $724,181 on the date the agreement was signed. The residual portion of the proceeds of $25,819 was allocated to the conversion option and was recorded as debt discount with the corresponding charge to contributed surplus.
 
      During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company recorded accretion expense of $10,954 (2004 — $Nil; 2003 — $Nil) to its fair value.
 
      Subsequent to year end, the note was converted into common shares of the Company (note 19(d).

F-16


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
8.   Convertible notes — continued
  (b)   On December 23, 2005, the Company issued a $750,000 convertible note to a company controlled by a director and officer of the Company. This convertible note is due on June 24, 2006 and has an interest rate of 12% per annum. The principle of the note and any unpaid accrued interest may be converted to common shares of the Company at a rate of $0.44 per share at any time prior to maturity. The note holder also received 426,000 warrants entitling them to purchase the same number of shares at a price of $0.85 per share at any time prior to July 24, 2006. The Company can require conversion of the note, if the Company’s common share trading price exceeds $1.55 per share, based on the weighted average trading price for the day on the TSX Venture Exchange for 30 consecutive trading days during the term of the note.
 
      The fair value of the repayment obligation, being the present value of the future principal and interest payments using a discount factor of 19.5%, was estimated to be $723,262 on the commitment date. To estimate the fair value of the warrants, the Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: zero dividend yield; expected volatility of 77%; risk-free rate of 3.8%; and expected life of 0.5 years, resulted in a fair value of $1,150. The residual portion of the proceeds of $25,588 was allocated to the conversion option. Both the warrants and conversion option was recorded as debt discounts and will be accreted over the term of the debt.
 
      No amount of the discount was accreted in 2005 since the Company only issued the convertible note in December 2005. The accretion of the debt discount will begin in January 2006.
9.   Convertible debentures
                         
    Face             Carrying  
    Amount     Discount     Value  
 
 
                       
Balance, December 31, 2004
  $ 5,638,220     $ (3,822,864 )   $ 1,815,356  
Accretion of discount
          217,843       217,843  
 
 
                       
Balance, December 31, 2005
  $ 5,638,220     $ (3,605,021 )   $ 2,033,199  
 

F-17


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
9.   Convertible debentures — continued
 
    On December 23, 2004, the Company received $5,638,220 and issued non-interest bearing convertible debentures. The debentures mature in December 2014 and are convertible at any time prior to December 23, 2014 into common shares at $0.44 per share. The Company can require conversion of the debentures if the common share trading price exceeds $1.55 per share during the term. The debenture holders were additionally issued 3,203,534 warrants entitling them to purchase 3,203,534 common shares at a price of $0.85 per share at any time prior to December 23, 2009. As at December 31, 2004, the funds received were held in a legal trust to be released upon completion of certain approvals. In 2005, the Company received the required approvals and the funds were released from the lawyer’s trust.
 
    The fair value of the repayment obligation, being the present value of the future principal payment using a discount factor of 12%, was estimated to be $1,815,356 at December 31, 2004. The fair value of the warrants was estimated to be $834,153. To estimate the fair value of the warrants, the Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: zero dividend yield; expected volatility of 100%; risk-free rate of 3%; and expected life 10 years.
 
    The value allocated to the conversion options was $2,988,710, being the residual amount of the proceeds received.
 
    The Company recorded $217,843 (2004 — $Nil; 2003 — $Nil) for the accretion of the debenture to its face value as a financing expense for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
    A director and officer of the Company and an entity associated with the officer and director subscribed for $306,425 of the convertible debentures issued effective December 23, 2004 and was assigned 174,106 share purchase warrants.
 
10.   Share capital
  (a)   Authorized
 
      An unlimited number of common shares without par value

F-18


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
10.   Share capital — continued
  (b)   Issued
 
      Changes in the share capital are as follows:
                 
    Number of        
    Shares     Amount  
 
Balance, December 31, 2002
    141,948,050       10,821,762  
 
               
Private placements
               
Directors, officers and employees
    976,591       100,000  
Others
    11,949,101       1,455,292  
In settlement of accounts payable
               
Directors, officers and employees
    1,986,862       109,686  
Others
    924,805       330,769  
In settlement of contractual dispute
    1,250,000       350,000  
 
Balance, December 31, 2003
    159,035,409     $ 13,167,509  
 
               
Private placements
               
Directors, officers and employees
    1,403,592       196,503  
Others
    9,239,228       1,070,712  
In settlement of accounts payable
               
Directors, officers and employees
    1,674,999       446,250  
Others
    1,010,640       155,654  
Reimbursement of directors and officers
    1,940,000       194,000  
Issued for technology rights
    1,650,000       241,661  
Issued for services on hydroconversion upgrader
    1,000,000       130,000  
Stock options exercised
    1,507,167       183,508  
Warrants exercised
    419,021       61,317  
Share issue expenses
          (270,119 )
 
Balance, December 31, 2004
    178,880,056       15,576,995  
 
               
Warrants exercised on note payable (note 7)
    10,000,000       3,033,942  
Warrants exercised
    2,087,567       521,946  
Stock options exercised
    3,816,731       491,725  
Transfer from warrants to purchase common shares (note 11)
          1,564,000  
In settlement of payables
               
Directors, officers and employees (note 14)
    1,266,873       471,414  
Warrant conversion
          5,384  
 
               
 
 
               
Balance, December 31, 2005
    196,051,227     $ 21,665,406  
 
      In April 2004, the Company issued 10,642,820 units at $0.14 per unit. Each unit consisted of one common share and three-tenths of one non-transferable share purchase warrant. Each full warrant entitles the holder to purchase one additional common share at a price of $0.15 for a period of two years. $1,267,215 and $222,175 of the proceeds received on the issue of units was allocated to common shares and warrants to purchase common shares, respectively.

F-19


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
10.   Share capital — continued
  (c)   Stock options
 
      The Company has a stock option plan for directors, officers, employees and consultants. The term and vesting conditions of each option may be fixed by the board when the option is granted, but the term cannot exceed 10 years from the date upon which the option is granted. The maximum number of common shares that may be reserved for issuance in aggregate pursuant to options granted under the plan is fixed at 37,600,000 and the maximum number of common shares that may be optioned to any one person, in aggregate at any one time is 5% of the total number of common shares issued and outstanding on the date of the grant.
 
      Changes in the stock options outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2005 are as follows:
                                                 
    2005     2004     2003  
            Weighted             Weighted             Weighted  
            average             average             average  
    Number of     exercise     Number of     exercise     Number of     exercise  
    options     price ($)     options     price ($)     options     price ($)  
 
Outstanding, beginning of year
    24,312,738       0.15       14,910,400       0.12       9,320,002       0.13  
 
                                               
Granted to employees, directors and officers
    8,250,000       0.30       10,850,000       0.16       7,550,000       0.12  
 
                                               
Granted to consultants
                1,392,839       0.22       1,840,398       0.16  
 
                                               
Cancelled
    (1,565,904 )     0.20       (1,333,334 )     0.10       (3,800,000 )     0.12  
 
                                               
Exercised
    (3,816,731 )     0.13       (1,507,167 )     0.12              
 
                                               
 
Outstanding, end of year
    27,180,103       0.19       24,312,738       0.15       14,910,400       0.12  
 

F-20


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
10.   Share capital — continued
 
    The following is a summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2005:
                                 
            Weighted Average                
    Number of     Remaining             Number of  
    Options     Contractual     Exercise     Shares  
    Outstanding     Life (Years)     Price     Exercisable  
 
 
                               
 
    1,000,000       6.68     $ 0.08       1,000,000  
 
    3,299,334       1.81     $ 0.10       3,299,334  
 
    300,000       3.08     $ 0.12       100,000  
 
    5,030,769       2.61     $ 0.13       5,030,769  
 
    1,900,000       2.93     $ 0.14       1,900,000  
 
    400,000       0.82     $ 0.15       400,000  
 
    6,800,000       2,94     $ 0.16       6,466,667  
 
    300,000       0.50     $ 0.19       300,000  
 
    400,000       1.04     $ 0.20       400,000  
 
    500,000       3.81     $ 0.26       500,000  
 
    250,000       3.82     $ 0.27       83,333  
 
    200,000       3.88     $ 0.29       100,000  
 
    2,000,000       4.69     $ 0.30        
 
    1,550,000       4.10     $ 0.33       850,000  
 
    3,250,000       4.00     $ 0.35       3,250,000  
 
 
                               
 
    27,180,103                       23,680,103  
 
  (d)   Stock-based compensation
 
      The options granted to directors, officers and employees may vest immediately or may vest over a number of years. Such options may be vested over five years from the date of grant and expire at dates up to February 2012. The options granted to consultants vest immediately. The weighted average remaining contractual life of the options at December 31, 2005 is approximately 2.8 years (2004 — 3.5 years; 2003 — 3.8 years).
 
      The fair value of options granted in 2005 was $0.27 per share (2004 — $0.14; 2003 — $0.11) using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: zero dividend yield (2004 and 2003 — zero dividend yield); expected volatility of 155% (2004 and 2003 — 100%); risk-free rate of 3.5% (2004 and 2003 — 3%); and expected life of 5 years (2004 and 2003 — 5 years).
 
      In connection with the above and the vesting of certain director, officer, employee and consultant stock options, the Company has recorded stock option compensation of $1,960,141 (2004 — $1,858,163; 2003 — $1,055,436) for the year ended December 31, 2005.

F-21


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
10.   Share capital — continued
  (e)   Share Purchase Warrants
 
      Changes in share purchase warrants outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2005 2004 and 2003 are as follows:
                                                 
    2005     2004     2003
            Weighted             Weighted             Weighted  
            average             average             average  
    Number of     exercise     Number of     exercise     Number of     exercise  
    warrants     price ($)     warrants     price ($)     warrants     price ($)  
 
Outstanding, beginning of year
    18,134,716       0.32       23,894,857       0.30       13,894,857       0.40  
 
                                               
Issued to noteholder
                            10,000,000       0.23  
 
                                               
Granted on share issue
                3,192,846       0.15              
 
                                               
Convertible debenture issuance
    426,000       0.85       3,203,534       0.85              
 
                                               
Exercised
    (12,087,565 )     0.29       (419,021 )     0.15              
 
                                               
Expired
    (113,237 )     0.20       (11,737,500 )     0.40              
 
                                               
 
Outstanding, end of year
    6,395,912       0.55       18,134,716       0.32       23,894,857       0.32  
 
      The following is a summary of warrants outstanding as at December 31, 2005:
                         
            Weighted Average        
    Number of     Remaining        
    Warrants     Contractual     Exercise  
    Outstanding     Life (Years)     Price  
 
 
                       
 
    2,730,378       0.26     $ 0.15  
 
    3,629,534       3.98     $ 0.85  
 
 
    6,359,912                  
 
      As at December 31, 2005, all of the outstanding warrants were exercisable. Subsequent to year end, certain of the above warrants were exercised (note 19).

F-22


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
11.   Warrants to purchase common shares
                         
    December     December     December  
    31, 2005     31, 2004     31, 2004  
 
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 2,386,457     $ 560,000     $  
 
                       
Interest accredtion on note payable (note 7)
    234,761       770,129        
 
                       
Granted on share issuance
          256,000        
 
                       
Transfer to share capital on settlement of note payable (note 7)
    (1,564,000 )           560,000  
 
                       
Transfer to share capital on exercise of warrants
    (5,384 )     (33,825 )      
 
                       
Convertible debenture issuance
    1,150       834,153        
 
                       
 
Balance, end of year
  $ 1,052,984     $ 2,386,457     $ 560,000  
 
12.   Contributed surplus
                         
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2005     2004     2003  
 
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 6,010,883     $ 1,164,010     $ 108,574  
Stock options issued to consultants
          215,170       221,647  
Stock options issued to employees, officers and directors
    1,960,141       1,642,993       833,789  
Fair value of holders’ conversion option
    51,407       2,988,710        
 
Balance, end of year
  $ 8,022,431     $ 6,010,883     $ 1,164,010  
 
13.   Supplemental Cash Flow Information
                         
Changes in non-cash operating working capital   2005     2004     2003  
 
 
                       
Receivables
  $ (41,732 )   $ (37,620 )   $ 64,744  
Inventory
                2,035  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    495,457       1,483,577       113,494  
 
 
  $ 453,725     $ 1,445,957     $ 180,273  
 

F-23


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
14.   Related party transactions
  (a)   During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the following amounts were due to related parties of the Company:
                         
    December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    2005     2004     2003  
 
 
                       
Directors and former directors
  $ 58,125     $ 1,244,379     $  
Companies controlled by directors
    60,258       410,966       85,191  
 
 
  $ 118,383     $ 1,655,345     $ 85,191  
 
    The amounts due to directors, former directors, and companies controlled by directors are non-interest bearing, unsecured, and repayable on demand.
  (b)   During the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company raised $900,000 through two short-term loans from a director and officer of the Company. Each loan had a maximum term of no greater than six months. As compensation for the short-term loans, the Company issued to the lender 300,000 common shares at a deemed price of $0.25 per share. The value of the shares to be issued being $75,000 was charged to interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2004.

F-24


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
14.   Related party transactions — continued
  (c)   During the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company acquired certain technology assets and services from third parties; the purchase was financed by two directors and senior officers. This liability was settled in 2004 by the issuance of 1,940,000 common shares at a price of $0.10 per common share.
 
  (d)   During the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company accrued salaries of $375,000, pursuant to employment contracts and board of director resolution, payable to directors and senior officers of the Company to compensate them for 2004 employment services. These amounts were settled in 2005 through the issuance of common shares of the Company.
 
  (e)   A director and officer of the Company and an entity associated with him subscribed for $306,425 of the convertible debentures issued effective December 23, 2004 and were assigned 174,106 share purchase warrants.
    The above-noted transactions were in the normal course of operations and were measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties. Shares issued in exchange for debt were based on the fair value of the shares issued at the date settlement was agreed upon by all parties.
15.   Income taxes
    No provision for Canadian or U.S. federal, provincial, or state income taxes has been recorded. The Company is in arrears on filing its statutory income tax returns and is therefore unable to determine the amount of its loss carry forwards at this time.
 
    The Company expects to have net operating loss carry forwards to offset any taxable income that may exist for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003. As at December 31, 2005, the Company expects to have significant net operating loss carry forwards for income tax purposes available to offset future taxable income.
 
    Future income tax assets as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 consist primarily of the tax effect of net operating loss carry forwards. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance on the future income tax assets as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 to reduce such future income tax assets to zero, as it is management’s belief that realization of such amounts is not considered more likely than not.

F-25


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
16.   Financial instruments
  (a)   Fair value of financial instruments
 
      The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, due to related parties, note payable, and convertible debentures. The fair value of the financial instruments other than convertible debentures approximate carrying values due to their short term nature or bearing interest rates that are similar to current market rates. The fair value of the convertible debentures was calculated using discounted cash flow analysis and approximates the carrying value as the implicit interest rate is similar to current market rates.
 
  (b)   Credit risk
 
      The Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to its cash and receivables. Receivables are comprised substantially of goods and services tax credits receivable from a Canadian tax agency and cash is placed with a major Canadian financial institution, both of which management believes mitigates the risks associated with these financial instruments.
 
  (c)   Interest rate risk
 
      The Company is not exposed to significant interest rate price risk due to the short-term maturity of its monetary assets and liabilities and due to the convertible debenture not bearing interest.
 
  (d)   Foreign currency risk
 
      The Company translates the results of its foreign operations into Canadian currency using rates approximating the average exchange rate for the year. The exchange rates may vary from time to time creating foreign currency risk. At December 31, 2005, the Company had certain obligations denominated in U.S. dollars and there were no contracts in place to manage this exposure. At December 31, 2005, the Company had approximately US$85,000 (2004 — $Nil) cash on hand and US$109,245 included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities which is subject to foreign exchange fluctuation.
17.   Segmented information
 
    The Company operates in one industry segment that being the development of the upgrader technology for use in the oil and gas industry. Substantially all of the Company’s operations and assets are in Canada and are solely focused on the development and commercialization of this technology. The Company has not earned any revenues for all periods presented.

F-26


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
18.   Commitments and contingencies
  (a)   The Company has entered into an operating lease commitment which requires minimum lease payments summarized as follows:
         
2006
  $ 148,000  
2007
    12,500  
2008
    1,600  
 
 
  $ 162,100  
 
  (b)   On February 9, 2006, a statement of claim was filed in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, Canada, with the Company as the defendant, alleging a liability of $51,120 owing to the plaintiff on account of unpaid royalties and non-performance in respect of the execution of a further formal document evidencing the propriety of the royalty. In the alternative to settling this claim, the statement of claim alleges that the plaintiff be entitled to $13 million, being the amount of the original debt extinguished in the agreement. The Company has not accrued any amounts with respect to this statement of claim as at December 31, 2005. Although the ultimate impact of these matters on the net earnings cannot be determinable at this time, it could be material for any one quarter or year end.
 
  (c)   Pursuant to a consultant agreement with a former officer of the Company, which expires on June 30, 2006, the Company is obligated to pay the remaining term of the contract. As at December 31, 2005, the compensation obligation over the remaining six months of the contract amounts to $93,449. The amount is repayable in shares to be issued in 2006.
19.   Subsequent events
  (a)   Subsequent to year end, the Company issued 267,681 common shares with a weighted average price of $0.35 per share in settlement of $93,750 of debt to a former director and officer and a company controlled by that former director and officer.
 
  (b)   Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Company issued 7,180,769 common shares at a weighted average exercise price of $0.15, in connection with the exercise of various options for total gross proceeds of $1,052,500.
 
  (c)   Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Company issued 3,976,416 common shares at a weighted average exercise price of $0.13, in connection with the exercise of various warrants for total gross proceeds of $516,462.
 
  (d)   In March 2006, the Company issued 1,800,000 common shares on the settlement of amounts owing to a director and officer of the Company, related to convertible instruments entered into in 2005.

F-27


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
20.   Comparative figures
 
    The Company has reclassified certain of the figures presented for comparative purposes to conform to the financial statement presentation adopted in the current year.
 
21.   Differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and the United States
 
    The Company prepares the consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (“Canadian GAAP”), which conform in all material respects to those in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), except as follows:
  i)   Under Canadian GAAP, effective January 1, 2004, Genoil retroactively adopted new Canadian accounting standards for stock based compensation and measured all equity instruments awarded at fair value and recognized the compensation expense over the related period of services (Note 3).
 
      For US GAAP purposes, effective January 1, 2004, the Company retroactively adopted, with restatement of prior years’ financial statements, the fair value method of accounting for all stock-based payments made after January 1, 1995 in accordance with SFAS No. 123 (“SFAS 123”) “Accounting for Stock Based Compensation”.
 
  ii)   Under US GAAP, the conversion feature of the convertible notes and the detachable warrants described in Note 8, issued by the Company meet the criteria to be exempt from SFAS 133 and are not required to be bifurcated. As a result, the Company follows Emerging Issue Task Force (“EITF”) No. 00-27 and records the proceeds of the convertible notes based on the relative fair value of the convertible notes and the detachable warrants. Accordingly, applying the guidance in EITF No. 00-27, management has determined that the embedded conversion option within the debt instrument did not result in any beneficial conversion option value. In addition, the Company determined that the portion of the proceeds allocated to the detachable warrants was $1,189. As a result of the difference in the allocation of proceeds under Canadian and US GAAP, the carrying value of the convertible notes liability under US GAAP should be increased by $40,466 (net of related accretion expense) with a corresponding decrease in the shareholders’ equity. The accretion expense under US GAAP for these convertible notes was $52 (2004 — $Nil; 2003 — $Nil) and as such, accretion expense would have decreased $10,902 (2004 — $Nil; 2003 — $Nil) under US GAAP.

F-28


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
21.   Differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and the United States — continued
  iii)   Under US GAAP, the conversion feature of the convertible debenture and the detachable warrants described in Note 9, issued by the Company meet the criteria to be exempt from SFAS 133 and are not required to be bifurcated. As a result, the Company follows Emerging Issue Task Force (“EITF”) No. 00-27 and records the proceeds of the convertible debenture based on the relative fair value of the convertible debenture and the detachable warrants. For US GAAP purposes, the relative value of the detachable warrants and the intrinsic value of the conversion option were determined to be $1,775,098 and $1,006,250, respectively. As a result of the difference in the allocation of proceeds under Canadian and US GAAP, the carrying value of the convertible debenture under US GAAP should be increased by $1,024,649 (2004 — $1,035,676) (net of related accretion expense in 2004 and 2005) with a corresponding decrease in shareholders’ equity, and the accretion expense would have decreased by $11,027 (2004 — $5,840; 2003 — $Nil). The convertible debenture and shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2004 have been restated to amend the allocation of the proceeds to decrease liabilities under US GAAP by $1,625,195 with a corresponding increase in shareholder’s equity; this change had no impact on the 2004 reported loss.
 
  iv)   In 2004 and 2003, a company controlled by an officer and director providing administrative services was not paid a fee for the services and certain officers were not paid salaries. Under US GAAP, the value of these services is recognized as an expense with a corresponding addition to contributed surplus. The Company estimated the value of these services to be equal to the fair value of stock options granted to these officers. The fair value of the stock options granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

F-29


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
21.   Differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and the United States — continued
 
    Adjustments to Consolidated Statements of Loss
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2005     2004     2003  
 
 
                       
Loss from continuing operations — Canadian GAAP
  $ (10,923,321 )   $ (9,097,560 )   $ (5,711,256 )
Adjustments:
                       
Stock-based compensation (i)
          (38,697 )     (115,276 )
Re-pricing and extension of warrants (i)
                (480,000 )
Accretion of convertible notes (ii)
    10,902              
Accretion of convertible debentures (iii)
    11,027       5,840        
Value of services (iv)
          (5,237 )     (15,096 )
 
Loss — U.S. GAAP
  $ (10,901,392 )   $ (9,135,654 )   $ (6,321,628 )
 
 
                       
Loss per share — basic and diluted
  $ (0.06 )   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.04 )
 
Adjustments to Liabilities
                 
    2005     2004  
 
Total liabilities, Canadian GAAP
  $ 5,288,529     $ 7,678,785  
Adjustment for allocation of proceeds of convertible notes (ii)
    40,466        
Adjustment for allocation of proceeds of convertible debentures (iii)
    1,024,649       1,035,676  
 
 
               
Total liabilities, US GAAP
  $ 6,353,644     $ 8,714,461  
 
Adjustments to Shareholders’ Equity (Capital deficit)
                 
    2005     2004  
 
Total shareholders’ equity, Canadian GAAP
  $ 867,375     $ 5,024,210  
Adjustment for allocation of proceeds of convertible notes (ii)
    (40,466 )      
Adjustment for allocation of proceeds of convertible debentures (iii)
    (1,024,649 )     (1,035,676 )
 
 
               
Total shareholders’ equity (capital deficit), US GAAP
  $ (197,740 )   $ 3,988,534  
 
    The consolidated assets and cash flows under Canadian GAAP are the same as under the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

F-30


 

GENOIL INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
21.   Differences between accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and the United States — continued
 
    New Accounting Pronouncements
 
    On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued (“SFAS”) No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment.” SFAS No. 123(R) requires the Company to measure all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and record such expense in its consolidated financial statements. In addition, SFAS No. 123(R) requires additional accounting related to the income tax effects and additional disclosure regarding the cash flow effects resulting from share-based payment arrangements. For public entities that do not file as a small business issuer, SFAS No. 123(R) is effective for annual reporting periods of the registrant’s first fiscal year beginning on or after December 15, 2005.
 
    In February 2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments — an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140”. Among other things, SFAS No. 155 permits the election of fair value remeasurement for certain hybrid financial instruments that would otherwise require bifurcation under Statement 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. These hybrid financial instruments would include both assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 155 is effective for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006.
 
    The Company has not yet determined the effect of future implementation of these new standards on its consolidated financial statements.

F-31

 

Exhibit 1.3
(INDUSTRY CANADA LOGO)
     
Certificate of
Amalgamation
  Certificat
de fusion
 
   
Canada Business
Corporations Act
  Loi canadienne sur
les sociétés par actions
 
   
GENOIL INC.
  329322-0
 
   
 
   
Name of corporation-Dénomination de la société
  Corporation number-Numéro de la société
 
   
I hereby certify that the above-named corporation resulted from an amalgamation, under section 185 of the Canada Business Corporations Act , of the corporations set out in the attached articles of amalgamation.
  Je certifie que la société susmentionnée est issue d’une fusion, en vertu de l’article 185 de la Loi canadienne sur les sociétés par actions , des sociétés dont les dénominations apparaissent dans las statuts de fusion ci-joints.
 
   
(SIGNATURE ILLEGIBLE)
  September 6, 1996/le 6 septembre 1996
 
   
Director - Directeur
  Date of Amalgamation - Date de fusion
(CANADA LOGO)


 

()
     
                 Canada Business
                 Corporations Act
  Loi régisssant les sociétés
par actions de régime fédéral
FORM 9
ARTICLES OF AMALGAMATION
(SECTION 185)
FORMULE 9
STATUTS DE FUSION
(ARTICLE 185)


1 — Name of amalgamated corporation
Dénomination de la société issue de la fusion


GENOIL INC.

2 — The place in Canada where the registered office is to be situated
Lieu au Canada ou doit être situé le siège social


Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, Province of Ontario

3 — The classes and any maximum number of shares that the corporation is authorized to issue
Catégories et tout nombre maximal d’actions que la société est autorisée à émettre


An unlimited number of common shares the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions of which are annexed hereto as Schedule 1 and form an integral part of these Articles.

4 — Restrictions, if any, on share transfers
Restrictions sur le transfert des actions, s’il y a lieu


None

5 — Number (or minimum and maximum number) of directors
Nombre (ou nombre minimal et maximal) d’administrateurs


A minimum of three (3) directors and a maximum of ten (10) directors

6 — Restrictions, if any, on business the corporation may carry on
Limites imposées à l’activité commerciale de la société, s’il y a lieu


None

7 — Other provisions, if any
Autres dispositions, s’il y a lieu


See Schedule 2 annexed hereto and forming an integral part of these Articles.

8 — The amalgamation has been approved pursuant to that section or subsection of the Act which is indicated as follows:
8 — La fusion a été approuvée en accord avec l’article ou le paragraphe de la Loi indiqué ci-après:


x   183
o   184(1)
o   184(2)
                 
9 — Name of the amalgamating corporations Dénomination des sociétés fusionnantes
  Corporation No. N o de la société   Signature   Date   Title
Titre
 
               
     CONTINENTAL FASHION GROUP INC.
  328971-1   -S- JEFFREY KURTZ   Sept. 4/96   Jeffrey Kurtz,
Director
 
               
     GENOIL INC.
  324649-3   -S- LUCE L. SAINT-PIERRE   Sept. 4/96   Luce L. Saint-Pierre- Secretary
 
               
 
               

FOR DEPARTMENTAL USE ONLY — À L’USAGE DU MINISTÉRE SEULEMENT
Corporation No. — N o de la société
329322-0
Filed — Déposée
SEP — 9 1996


7630-21-938-1390 (01-93) 46


 

SCHEDULE 1
The common shares of the Corporation shall have and be subject to the following rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions:
1. Dividends
1.1 Subject to the prior rights of the holders of any shares of the Corporation ranking senior to the common shares with respect to priority in the payment of dividends, the holders of the Corporation’s common shares shall be entitled to receive dividends and the Corporation shall pay dividends thereon, as and when declared by the directors of the Corporation (the “Directors”) out of assets properly applicable to the payment of dividends, in such amount and in such form as the Directors may from time to time determine and all dividends which the Directors may declare on the Corporation’s common shares shall be declared and paid in equal amounts per share on all common shares at the time outstanding. Cheques of the Corporation payable at par at any branch of the Corporation’s bankers for the time being in Canada shall be issued in respect of any such dividends payable in cash (less any tax required to be withheld by the Corporation) and payment thereof shall satisfy such dividends. Dividends which are represented by a cheque which has not been presented to the Corporation’s bankers for payment or that otherwise remain unclaimed for a period of 6 years from the date on which they were declared to be payable shall be forfeited to the Corporation.
2. Distribution Rights
2.1 In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of assets of the Corporation among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, subject to the prior rights of the holders of any class of shares of the Corporation ranking senior to the Corporation’s common shares with respect to priority in the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of the Corporation’s common shares shall be entitled, equally without distinction or preference, to receive the remaining property and assets of the Corporation and to participate equally in any distribution thereof.
3. Voting Rights
3.1 The holders of the Corporation’s common shares shall be entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of shareholders of the Corporation. At any such meeting other than a meeting at which only holders of another specified class or series of shares of the Corporation are entitled to

 


 

- 2 -
vote separately as a class or series, each of the Corporation’s common shares shall confer one vote.
4. Creation of Other Voting Shares
4.1 No other class or series of shares of the Corporation, other than the Corporation’s common shares, carrying the right to vote at a meeting of the Corporation (other than a meeting at which only the holders of a particular class or series of shares of the Corporation are entitled to vote separately as a class or series) either under all circumstances or under certain circumstances that have occurred and are continuing shall be authorized, without the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of the holders of the Corporation’s common shares voting separately as a class.

 


 

SCHEDULE 2
1.   Without restricting any of the powers and capacities of the Corporation, whether derived from the Canada Business Corporations Act (“CBCA”) or otherwise, the Board of Directors may, from time to time without authorization of the shareholders:
  (a)   borrow money upon the credit of the Corporation;
 
  (b)   limit or increase the amount to be borrowed;
 
  (c)   issue, re-issue, sell or pledge debt obligations of the Corporation for such sums and for such prices as may be deemed expedient;
 
  (d)   subject to Section 44 of the CBCA, give a guarantee on behalf of the Corporation to secure performance of any obligation by any person; and
 
  (e)   mortgage, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise create a security interest in all or any property of the Corporation, owned or subsequently acquired to secure any obligation of the Corporation.
2.   The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate to such one or more of the directors and officers of the Corporation as may be designated by the Board of Directors all or any of the powers conferred on the Board of Directors above to such extent and in such manner as the Board of Directors shall determine at the time of such delegation.

 

 

Exhibit 1.4
(INDUSTRY CANADA LOGO)

Certificate
of Amendment
Canada Business
Corporations Act
Certificat
de modification
Loi canadienne sur
les sociétés par actions

REGISTERED ON
THE ALBERTA REGISTRIES
CORES SYSTEM
JUN 01 2006


GENOIL INC.
 
Name of corporation-Dénomination de la société
329322-0
 
Corporation number-Numéro de la société


I hereby certify that the articles of the above-named corporation were amended:
a)   under section 13 of the Canada Business Corporations Act in accordance with the attached notice;
 
b)   under section 27 of the Canada Business Corporations Act as set out in the attached articles of amendment designating a series of shares;
 
c)   under section 179 of the Canada Business Corporations Act as set out in the attached articles of amendment;
 
d)   under section 191 of the Canada Business Corporations Act as set out in the attached articles of reorganization;


o
 
o
 

þ
 
o
Je certifie que les statuts de la société susmentionnée ont été modifiés:
a)   en vertu de l’article 13 DC la Loi canadienne sur les sociétés par actions, conformément à l’avis ci-joint;
 
b)   en vertu de l’article 27 de la Loi canadienne sur les sociétés par actions, tel qu’il est indiqué dans les clauses modificatrices ci-jointes désignant une série d’actions;
 
c)   en vertu de l’article 179 de la Loi canadienne sur les sociétés par actions, tel qu’il est indiqué dans les clauses modificatrices ci-jointes;
 
d)   en vertu de l’article 191 de la Loi canadienne sur les sociétés par actions, tel qu’il est indiqué dans les clauses de réorganisation ci-jointes;


                     (-S- RICHARD G. SHAW)
 
                           Richard G. Shaw
                           Director-Directeur
May 31, 2006 / le 31 mai 2006
Date of Amendment-Date de modification


(CANADA LOGO)


 

()
FORM 4
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
(SECTION 27 OR 177)
FORMULE 4
CLAUSES MODIFICATRICES
(ARTICLES 27 OU 177)


1 — Name of corporation — Dénomination sociale de la société
    GENOIL INC.
2 — Corporation No. — N o de la société
    329322-0


3 — The articles of the above-named corporation are amended as follows:
Les statuts de la société mentionnée ci-dessus sont modifiés de la façon suivante :


1.     Pursuant to subsections 173(l)(e) of the Canada Business Corporations Act, Article 3 of the Articles of the Corporation is hereby amended by increasing the capital of the Corporation by the creation of an additional class of shares, to be designated as “Class A Preferred Shares”, issuable in one or more series, in an amount up to 10,000,000 Class A Preferred Shares, each such Class A Preferred Share having attached the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions as set out in the attached Schedule of Share Capital; and
2.     Pursuant to subsection 173(l)(o) of the Canada Business Corporations Act, Article 7 of the Articles of the Corporation is hereby amended by deleting the existing provisions and inserting therefor the following:
“The Directors may, between Annual General Meetings, appoint one or more additional Directors of the Corporation to serve until the next Annual Meeting, but the number of additional Directors shall not at any time exceed 1/3 of the number of Directors who held office at the expiration of the last Annual Meeting of the Corporation.”
         
Date
  Signature   Title —Titre
 
       
 
  (-S- BRIAN KORNEY)   DIRECTOR
 
       
FOR DEPARTMENTAL USE ONLY — A L’USAGE DU MINISTÈRE SEULEMENT
  Print Name — Nom en letters moulées    
 
       
Filed — Déposée
  BRIAN KORNEY   Canada

 

ELECTRONICALLY
FILED
MAY 31 2006
 


 


 

SCHEDULE OF SHARE CAPITAL
Class A Preferred Shares
          The Class A Preferred Shares shall have attached thereto the following rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions::
  (i)   the Class A Preferred Shares may at any time and from time to time be issued in one or more series, each series to consist of such number of shares as may, before the issue thereof, be determined by resolution of the directors of the Corporation; and
 
  (ii)   subject to the provisions of the Canada Business Corporations Act, the directors of the Corporation may by resolution fix from time to time before the issue thereof the designation, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to each series of the Class A Preferred Shares.

 


 

()
ELECTRONIC TRANSACTION
REPORT
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
(SECTIONS 27 OR 177)
RAPPORT DE LA TRANSACTION
ÉLECTRONIQUE
CLAUSES MODIFICATRICES
(ARTICLES 27 OU 177)


Processing Type — Mode de traitement:            E-Commerce/Commerce-É

1.   Name of Corporation — Dénomination de la société
GENOIL INC.
2.   Corporation No. — N° de la société
329322-0


3.   The articles of the above-named corporation are amended as follows:
Les statuts de la société mentionnée ci-dessus sont modifiés de la façon suivante:
 


1. Pursuant to subsections 173(l)(e) of the Canada Business Corporations Act, Article 3 of the Articles of the Corporation is hereby amended by increasing the capital of the Corporation by the creation of an additional class of shares, to be designated as “Class A Preferred Shares”, issuable in one or more series, in an amount up to 10,000,000 Class A Preferred Shares, each such Class A Preferred Share having attached the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions as set out in the attached Schedule of Share Capital; and
2. Pursuant to subsection 173(1)(o) of the Canada Business Corporations Act, Article 7 of the Articles of the Corporation is hereby amended by deleting the existing provisions and inserting therefor the following:
“The Directors may, between Annual General Meetings, appoint one or more additional Directors of the Corporation to serve until the next Annual Meeting, but the number of additional Directors shall not at any time exceed 1/3 of the number of Directors who held office at the expiration of the last Annual Meeting of the Corporation.”
 
SCHEDULE OF SHARE CAPITAL
Class A Preferred Shares
The Class A Preferred Shares shall have attached thereto the following rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions:
(i) the Class A Preferred Shares may at any time and from time to time be issued in one or more series, each series to consist of such number of shares as may, before the issue thereof, be determined by resolution of the directors of the Corporation; and
(ii) subject to the provisions of the Canada Business Corporations Act, the directors of the Corporation may by resolution fix from time to time before the issue thereof the designation, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to each series of the Class A Preferred Shares.

 


 

             
Date
  Name — Nom   Signature   Capacity of — en qualité
 
           
2006-05-31
  BRIAN KORNEY       DIRECTOR
Page 1 of 1
(CANADA LOGO)

 

 

Exhibit 1.5
GENOIL INC.
BY-LAW NO. 2

 


 

INDEX
         
    Page
DEFINITIONS
    1  
 
       
REGISTERED OFFICE
    1  
 
       
SEAL
    1  
 
       
DIRECTORS
    1  
Number
    1  
Vacancies
    2  
Powers
    2  
Duties
    2  
Qualification
    2  
Term of Office
    3  
Election
    3  
Removal
    3  
Vacation of Office
    3  
Validity of Acts
    3  
 
       
MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS
    3  
Place of Meeting
    3  
Notice
    3  
Waiver of Notice
    4  
Participation by Electronic Means
    4  
Adjournment
    4  
Quorum and Voting
    4  
Resolution in Lieu of Meeting
    5  
 
       
COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
    5  
General
    5  
Audit Committee
    5  
 
       
REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES
    6  
 
       
SUBMISSION OF CONTRACTS OR TRANSACTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS FOR APPROVAL
    6  
 
       
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
    6  
 
       
FOR THE PROTECTION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
    7  
 
       
INDEMNITIES TO DIRECTORS AND OTHERS
    8  
 
       
OFFICERS
    8  
Appointment of Officers
    8  
Removal of Officers and Vacation of Office
    9  
Vacancies
    9  
Chairman of the Board
    9  

 


 

- 2 -
         
    Page
President
    9  
Vice-President
    9  
Secretary
    9  
Treasurer
    10  
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer
    10  
Managing Director
    10  
Duties of Officers may be Delegated
    10  
 
       
SHAREHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
    10  
Annual Meeting
    10  
Special Meetings
    10  
Meeting on Requisition of Shareholders
    11  
Participation in Meetings by Electronic Means
    11  
Meetings held by Electronic Means
    11  
Notice
    11  
Waiver of Notice
    12  
Omission of Notice
    12  
Record Dates
    12  
Chairman of the Meeting
    12  
Votes
    12  
Right to Vote
    13  
Proxies
    14  
Adjournment
    14  
Quorum
    15  
Resolution in Lieu of Meeting
    15  
 
       
SHARES AND TRANSFERS
    15  
Issuance
    15  
Security Certificates
    15  
Agent
    16  
Dealings with Registered Holder
    16  
Surrender of Security Certificates
    16  
Defaced, Destroyed, Stolen or Lost Security Certificates
    16  
Enforcement of Lien for Indebtedness
    16  
 
       
DIVIDENDS
    17  
 
       
VOTING SECURITIES IN OTHER BODIES CORPORATE
    17  
 
       
NOTICES, ETC.
    18  
Service
    18  
Failure to Locate Shareholders
    18  
Shares Registered in More than one Name
    18  
Persons Becoming Entitled by Operation of Law
    18  
Deceased Shareholder
    19  
Signatures to Notices
    19  
Computation of Time
    19  
Proof of Service
    19  

 


 

- 3 -
         
    Page
CHEQUES, DRAFTS, NOTES, ETC.
    19  
 
       
CUSTODY OF SECURITIES
    19  
 
       
EXECUTION OF CONTRACTS, ETC.
    19  
 
       
FISCAL PERIOD
    20  

 


 

GENOIL INC.
BY-LAW NO. 2
     A by-law relating generally to the conduct of the business and affairs of Genoil Inc. (hereinafter called the “Corporation”).
     IT IS HEREBY ENACTED as a by-law of the Corporation as follows:
DEFINITIONS
1. In this by-law and all other by-laws of the Corporation, unless the context otherwise specifies or requires:
(a)   “Act” means the Canada Business Corporations Act and the regulations made thereunder, as from time to time amended, and in the case of such amendment any reference in the by-laws shall be read as referring to the amended provisions thereof;
 
(b)   “board” means the board of directors of the Corporation;
 
(c)   “by-laws” means the by-laws of the Corporation from time to time in force and effect;
 
(d)   all terms contained in the by-laws which are defined in the Act shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Act;
 
(e)   words importing the singular number only shall include the plural and vice versa; words importing the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders; and
 
(f)   the headings used in the by-laws are inserted for reference purposes only and are not to be considered or taken into account in construing the terms or provisions thereof or to be deemed in any way to clarify, modify or explain the effect of any such terms or provisions.
REGISTERED OFFICE
2. The Corporation shall at all times have a registered office in the province in Canada specified in its articles. The directors of the Corporation may change the place and address of the registered office within the province specified in its articles.
SEAL
3. The corporate seal of the Corporation shall be such as the directors may by resolution from time to time adopt.
DIRECTORS
4. Number . The number of directors shall be the number fixed by the articles, or where the articles specify a variable number, the number shall be not less than the minimum and not more

 


 

- 2 -
than the maximum number so specified and shall be determined from time to time within such limits by resolution of the board of directors. Subject to section 105 of the Act, at least twenty-five percent of the directors of the Corporation shall be resident Canadians. If the Corporation has less than four directors, at least one director shall be a resident Canadian.
5. Vacancies . Subject to section 111 of the Act, a quorum of directors may fill a vacancy among the directors, except a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number or the minimum or maximum number of directors or from a failure to elect the number or minimum number of directors provided for in the articles. If there is not a quorum of directors, or if there has been a failure to elect the number or minimum number of directors provided for in the articles, the directors then in office shall without delay call a special meeting of shareholders to fill the vacancy and, if they fail to call a meeting or if there are no directors then in office, the meeting may be called by any shareholder. If the shareholders have adopted an amendment to the articles to increase the number or minimum number of directors, and have not, at the meeting at which they adopted the amendment, elected an additional number of directors authorized by the amendment, the directors then in office shall forthwith call a special meeting of shareholders to fill the vacancy.
     A director appointed or elected to fill a vacancy holds office for the unexpired term of his predecessor.
6. Powers . Subject to any unanimous shareholder agreement, the directors shall manage, or supervise the management of, the business and affairs of the Corporation and may exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation and are not by the Act, the articles, the by-laws, any special resolution of the Corporation, a unanimous shareholder agreement or by statute expressly directed or required to be done in some other manner.
7. Duties . Every director and officer of the Corporation in exercising his powers and discharging his duties shall:
(a)   act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Corporation; and
 
(b)   exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances.
8. Qualification . The following persons are disqualified from being a director of the Corporation:
(a)   anyone who is less than 18 years of age;
 
(b)   anyone who is of unsound mind and has been so found by a court in Canada or elsewhere;
 
(c)   a person who is not an individual; and
 
(d)   a person who has the status of bankrupt.
     Unless the articles otherwise provide, a director of the Corporation is not required to hold shares issued by the Corporation.

 


 

- 3 -
9. Term of Office . A director’s term of office (subject to the provisions, if any, of the Corporation’s articles or any unanimous shareholder agreement, and subject to his election for an expressly stated term) shall be from the date of the meeting at which he is elected or appointed until the close of the first annual meeting of shareholders following his election or appointment or until his successor is elected or appointed.
10. Election . Subject to section 107 of the Act, shareholders of the Corporation shall, by ordinary resolution at the first meeting of shareholders and at each succeeding annual meeting at which an election of directors is required, elect directors to hold office for a term expiring not later than the close of the third annual meeting of shareholders following the election. A director not elected for an expressly stated term ceases to hold office at the close of the first annual meeting of shareholders following his election but, if qualified, is eligible for re-election. If directors are not elected at a meeting of shareholders, the incumbent directors continue in office until their successors are elected.
          If a meeting of shareholders fails to elect the number or the minimum number of directors required by the articles by reason of the lack of consent, disqualification, incapacity or death of any candidates, the directors elected at that meeting may exercise all the powers of the directors if the number of directors so elected constitutes a quorum.
11. Removal . Subject to sections 107 and 109 of the Act, the shareholders of the Corporation may by ordinary resolution at a special meeting remove any director from office before the expiration of his term of office and may, by a majority of votes cast at the meeting, elect any person in his stead for the remainder of his term.
12. Vacation of Office . A director of the Corporation ceases to hold office when:
(a)   he dies or resigns;
 
(b)   he is removed from office; or
 
(c)   he becomes disqualified.
          A resignation of a director becomes effective at the time a written resignation is sent to the Corporation, or at the time specified in the resignation, whichever is later.
13. Validity of Acts . An act of a director or officer is valid notwithstanding an irregularity in his election or appointment or a defect in his qualification.
MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS
14. Place of Meeting . Unless the articles otherwise provide, meetings of directors and of any committee of directors may be held at any place. A meeting of directors may be convened by the Chairman of the Board (if any), the Chief Executive Officer or any director at any time and the Secretary, or equivalent, shall upon direction of any of the foregoing convene a meeting of directors.
15. Notice . Notice of the time and place for the holding of any meeting of directors or any committee of directors shall be sent to each director not less than seven (7) days (exclusive of the day on which the notice is sent but inclusive of the day for which notice is given) before the date

 


 

- 4 -
of the meeting; provided that the meetings of directors or of any committee of directors may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or deemed to be present (except where a director attends a meeting, or takes any steps which constitute deemed attendance at such meeting, for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully called) or if all the absent directors have waived notice. The notice of a meeting of directors shall specify any matter referred to in subsection (3) of section 115 of the Act that is to be dealt with at the meeting, but need not specify the purpose or the business to be transacted at the meeting.
     For the first meeting of directors to be held following the election of directors at an annual or special meeting of the shareholders or for a meeting of directors at which a director is appointed to fill a vacancy in the board, no notice of such meeting need be given to the newly elected or appointed director or directors in order for the meeting to be duly constituted, provided a quorum of the directors is present.
16. Waiver of Notice . Notice of any meeting of directors or of any committee of directors or the time for the giving of any such notice or any irregularity in any meeting or in the notice thereof may be waived by any director in any manner and any such waiver may be validly given either before or after the meeting to which such waiver relates. Attendance, or deemed attendance, of a director at any meeting of directors or of any committee of directors is a waiver of notice of the meeting, except where a director attends a meeting, or takes any steps which constitute deemed attendance at such meeting, for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully called.
17. Participation by Electronic Means . A director may, if all the directors of the Corporation consent, participate in a meeting of directors or of any committee of directors by means of a telephonic, electronic or other communication facility that permits all participants to communicate adequately with each other during the meeting, and a director participating in a meeting by those means is deemed for the purposes of the Act and the by-laws to be present at that meeting. Any such consent of a director may be validly given before or after the meeting to which it relates and may be given with respect to all meetings of directors or of any committees of directors held while a director holds office.
18. Adjournment . Any meeting of directors or of any committee of directors may be adjourned from time to time by the chairman of the meeting, with the consent of the meeting, to a fixed time and place. Notice of an adjourned meeting of directors or committee of directors is required to be given to any director not in attendance at the original meeting but is not required to be given to directors who were in attendance at the original meeting if the time and place of the adjourned meeting is announced at the original meeting. Any adjourned meeting shall be duly constituted if held in accordance with the terms of the adjournment and a quorum is present thereat. The directors who formed a quorum at the original meeting are not required to form the quorum at the adjourned meeting. If there is no quorum present at the adjourned meeting, the original meeting shall be deemed to have terminated forthwith after its adjournment. Any business may be brought before or dealt with at the adjourned meeting which might have been brought before or dealt with at the original meeting in accordance with the notice calling the same.
19. Quorum and Voting . Subject to the articles, a majority of directors constitutes a quorum at any meeting of directors and, notwithstanding any vacancy among the directors, a quorum of

 


 

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directors may exercise all the powers of the directors. Subject to subsections (3) and (4) of section 114 of the Act, directors shall not transact business at a meeting of directors unless a quorum is present and at least twenty-five percent of the directors present are resident Canadians. Questions arising at any meeting of directors shall be decided by a majority of votes.
20. Resolution in Lieu of Meeting . A resolution in writing, signed by all the directors entitled to vote on that resolution at a meeting of directors or committee of directors, is as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of directors or committee of directors.
COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
21. General . The directors may from time to time appoint from their number a managing director, who must be a resident Canadian, or a committee of directors, and may delegate to the managing director or such committee any of the powers of the directors, except that no managing director or committee shall have the authority to:
(a)   submit to the shareholders any question or matter requiring the approval of the shareholders;
 
(b)   fill a vacancy among the directors or in the office of auditor, or appoint additional directors;
 
(c)   issue securities except as authorized by the directors;
 
(d)   issue shares of a series under section 27 of the Act except as authorized by the directors;
 
(e)   declare dividends;
 
(f)   purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire shares issued by the Corporation;
 
(g)   pay a commission referred to in section 41 of the Act except as authorized by the directors;
 
(h)   approve a management proxy circular;
 
(i)   approve a take-over bid circular or directors’ circular;
 
(j)   approve any annual financial statements to be placed before the shareholders of the Corporation; or
 
(k)   adopt, amend or repeal by-laws of the Corporation.
22.  Audit Committee . Subject to subsection (2) of section 171 of the Act, if the corporation is a distributing corporation, any of the issued securities of which remain outstanding and are held by more than one person, the directors shall elect annually from among their number an audit committee to be composed of not fewer than three directors, a majority of whom are not officers or employees of the Corporation or any of its affiliates.

 


 

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     Each member of the audit committee shall serve during the pleasure of the board of directors and, in any event, only so long as he shall be a director. The directors may fill vacancies in the audit committee by election from among their number.
     The audit committee shall have power to fix its quorum at not less than a majority of its members and to determine its own rules of procedure subject to any regulations imposed by the board of directors from time to time and to the following paragraph.
     The auditor of the Corporation is entitled to receive notice of every meeting of the audit committee and, at the expense of the Corporation, to attend and be heard thereat, and, if so requested by a member of the audit committee, shall attend every meeting of the committee held during the term of office of the auditor. The auditor of the Corporation or any member of the audit committee may call a meeting of the committee.
     The audit committee shall review the financial statements of the Corporation prior to approval thereof by the board and shall have such other powers and duties as may from time to time by resolution be assigned to it by the board.
REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES
23. Subject to the articles or any unanimous shareholder agreement, the directors of the Corporation may fix the remuneration of the directors of the Corporation and such remuneration shall be in addition to the salary paid to any officer or employee of the Corporation who is also a director. The directors may also by resolution award special remuneration to any director in undertaking any special services on the Corporation’s behalf other than the routine work ordinarily required of a director of the Corporation. The confirmation of any such resolution by the shareholders shall not be required. The directors, officers and employees shall also be entitled to be paid their travelling and other expenses properly incurred by them in connection with the affairs of the Corporation.
SUBMISSION OF CONTRACTS OR TRANSACTIONS TO
SHAREHOLDERS FOR APPROVAL
24. The directors in their discretion may submit any contract, act or transaction for approval, ratification or confirmation at any annual meeting of the shareholders or at any special meeting of the shareholders called for the purpose of considering the same and any contract, act or transaction that shall be approved, ratified or confirmed by resolution passed by a majority of the votes cast at any such meeting (unless any different or additional requirement is imposed by the Act or by the Corporation’s articles or any other by-law) shall be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation and upon all the shareholders as though it had been approved, ratified and/or confirmed by every shareholder of the Corporation.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
25. A director or an officer of the Corporation who is a party to a material contract or material transaction, whether made or proposed, with the Corporation, or is a director or an officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of or has a material interest in a party to such a contract or transaction, shall disclose the nature and extent of his interest at the time and in the manner provided in the Act. Except as provided in the Act, no such director of the

 


 

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Corporation shall vote on any resolution to approve such contract or transaction. A contract or transaction for which disclosure is required is not invalid, and the director or officer is not accountable to the Corporation or its shareholders for any profit realized from the contract or transaction, because of the directors or officers interest in the contract or transaction or because the director was present or was counted to determine whether a quorum existed at the meeting of directors or committee of directors that considered the contract or transaction, if the director or officer disclosed his interest in accordance with the provisions of the Act and the contract or transaction was approved by the directors, and it was reasonable and fair to the Corporation when it was approved. Even if these conditions are not met, a director or officer, acting honestly and in good faith, is not accountable to the Corporation or to its shareholders for any profit realized from a contract or transaction for which disclosure is required, and the contract or transaction is not invalid by reason only of the interest of the director or officer in the contract or transaction if the contract or transaction is approved or confirmed by special resolution at a meeting of the shareholders, disclosure of the interest was made to the shareholders in a manner sufficient to indicate its nature before the contract or transaction was approved or confirmed and the contract or transaction was reasonable and fair to the Corporation when it was approved or confirmed.
FOR THE PROTECTION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
26. No director or officer for the time being of the Corporation shall be liable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of any other director or officer or employee or for joining in any receipt or act for conformity or for any loss, damage or expense happening to the Corporation through the insufficiency or deficiency of title to any property acquired by the Corporation or for or on behalf of the Corporation or for the insufficiency or deficiency of any security in or upon which any of the monies of or belonging to the Corporation shall be placed out or invested or for any loss or damage arising from the bankruptcy, insolvency or tortious act of any person, firm or corporation including any person, firm or corporation with whom or which any monies, securities or effects shall be lodged or deposited or for any loss, conversion, misapplication or misappropriation of or any damage resulting from any dealings with any monies, securities or other assets belonging to the Corporation or for any other loss, damage or misfortune whatever which may happen in the execution of the duties of his respective office of trust or in relation thereto, unless the same shall happen by or through his failure to exercise the powers and to discharge the duties of his office honestly, in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Corporation, and in connection therewith to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances, provided that nothing herein contained shall relieve a director or officer from the duty to act in accordance with the Act or relieve him from liability under the Act. The directors for the time being of the Corporation shall not be under any duty or responsibility in respect of any contract, act or transaction whether or not made, done or entered into in the name or on behalf of the Corporation, except such as shall have been submitted to and authorized or approved by the directors. If any director or officer of the Corporation shall be employed by or shall perform services for the Corporation otherwise than as a director or officer or shall be a member of a firm or a shareholder, director or officer of a body corporate which is employed by or performs services for the Corporation, the fact of his being a shareholder, director or officer of the Corporation or body corporate or member of the firm shall not disentitle such director or officer or such firm or body corporate, as the case may be, from receiving proper remuneration for such services.

 


 

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INDEMNITIES TO DIRECTORS AND OTHERS
27. (1) Subject to section 124 of the Act, except in respect of an action by or on behalf of the Corporation or other entity to procure a judgment in its favour, the Corporation shall indemnify a director or officer of the Corporation, a former director or officer of the Corporation or another individual who acts or acted at the Corporation’s request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of that association with the Corporation or other entity.
     (2) The Corporation shall advance moneys to a director, officer or other individual for the costs, charges and expenses of a proceeding referred to in paragraph (1). The individual shall repay the moneys if the individual does not fulfill the conditions of paragraph (3).
     (3) The Corporation shall not indemnify an individual under paragraph (1) unless the individual:
(a)   acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Corporation, or, as the case may be, to the best interests of the other entity for which the individual acted as director or officer or in a similar capacity at the Corporation’s request; and
(b)   in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the individual had reasonable grounds for believing that the individual’s conduct was lawful.
     (4) The Corporation shall, with the approval of a court, indemnify an individual referred to in paragraph (1), or advance moneys under paragraph (2), in respect of an action by or on behalf of the Corporation or other entity to procure a judgment in its favour, to which the individual is made a party because of the individual’s association with the Corporation or other entity as described in paragraph (1) against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by the individual in connection with such action, if the individual fulfills the conditions set out in paragraph (3).
OFFICERS
28. Appointment of Officers . Subject to the articles or any unanimous shareholder agreement, the directors annually or as often as may be required may appoint from among themselves, by majority vote, a Chairman of the Board and shall appoint a Chief Executive Officer and if deemed advisable may appoint a President, Secretary and one or more Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer or Chief Financial Officer and one or more Assistant Secretaries and/or one or more Assistant Treasurers or such other officers as the directors deem advisable. None of such officers except the Chairman of the Board need be a director of the Corporation although a director may be appointed to any office of the Corporation. Two or more offices of the Corporation may be held by the same person. In case and whenever the same person holds the offices of Secretary and Treasurer he may but need not be known as the Secretary-Treasurer. The directors may from time to time appoint such other officers, employees and agents as they shall deem necessary who shall have such authority and shall perform such functions and duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the directors. The directors may from

 


 

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time to time and subject to the provisions of the Act, vary, add to or limit the duties and powers of any officer.
29. Removal of Officers and Vacation of Office . Subject to the articles or any unanimous shareholder agreement, all officers, employees and agents, in the absence of agreement to the contrary, shall be subject to removal by resolution of the directors at any time, with or without cause.
     An officer of the Corporation ceases to hold office when he dies, resigns or is removed from office. A resignation of an officer becomes effective at the time a written resignation is sent to the Corporation, or at the time specified in the resignation, whichever is later.
30. Vacancies . If the office of President, Vice-President, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, or any other office created by the directors pursuant to paragraph 29 hereof shall be or become vacant by reason of death, resignation or in any other manner whatsoever, the directors shall, in the case of the President and Secretary, and may, in the case of any other officers, appoint an individual to fill such vacancy.
31. Chairman of the Board . The Chairman of the Board (if any) shall, if present, preside as chairman at all meetings of the board and of shareholders. He shall sign such contracts, documents or instruments as require his signature and shall have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by resolution of the directors.
32. Chief Executive Officer . The Chief Executive Officer shall, subject to the direction of the board of directors, exercise general supervision and control over the business and affairs of the Corporation. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board (if any), and if the Chief Executive Officer is also a director of the Corporation, the Chief Executive Officer shall, when present, preside as chairman at all meetings of directors and shareholders. He shall sign such contracts, documents or instruments as require his signature and shall have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by resolution of the directors or as are incident to his office.
33. Vice-President . The Vice-President or, if more than one, the Vice-Presidents in order of seniority, shall be vested with all the powers and shall perform all the duties of the Chief Executive Officer in the absence or inability or refusal to act of the Chief Executive Officer, provided, however, that a Vice-President who is not a director shall not preside as chairman at any meeting of directors or shareholders. The Vice-President or, if more than one, the Vice-Presidents shall sign such contracts, documents or instruments as require his or their signatures and shall also have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or them by resolution of the directors.
34. Secretary . The Secretary, or person acting in that capacity, shall give or cause to be given notices for all meetings of directors, any committee of directors and shareholders when directed to do so and shall, subject to the provisions of the Act, maintain the records referred to in subsections (1), (2) and (3) of section 20 of the Act. He shall sign such contracts, documents or instruments as require his signature and shall have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by resolution of the directors or as are incident to his office.

 


 

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35. Treasurer/Chief Financial Officer . Subject to the provisions of any resolution of the directors, the Treasurer or Chief Financial Officer, as applicable, shall have the care and custody of all the funds and securities of the Corporation and shall deposit the same in the name of the Corporation in such bank or banks or with such other depositary or depositaries as the directors may by resolution direct. He shall prepare and maintain adequate accounting records. He shall sign such contracts, documents or instruments as require his signature and shall have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by resolution of the directors or as are incident to his office. He may be required to give such bond for the faithful performance of his duties as the directors in their uncontrolled discretion may require and no director shall be liable for failure to require any such bond or for the insufficiency of any such bond or for any loss by reason of the failure of the Corporation to receive any indemnity thereby provided.
36. Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer . The Assistant Secretary or, if more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in order of seniority, and the Assistant Treasurer or, if more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in order of seniority, shall be vested with all the powers and shall perform all the duties of the Secretary and Treasurer, respectively, in the absence or inability or refusal to act of the Secretary or Treasurer as the case may be. The Assistant Secretary or, if more than one, the Assistant Secretaries and the Assistant Treasurer or, if more than one, the Assistant Treasurers shall sign such contracts, documents or instruments as require his or their signatures respectively and shall have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or them by resolution of the directors.
37. Managing Director . The directors may from time to time appoint from their number a Managing Director who must be a resident Canadian and may delegate to the Managing Director any of the powers of the directors subject to the limits on authority provided by subsection (3) of section 115 of the Act. The Managing Director shall conform to all lawful orders given to him by the directors of the Corporation and shall at all reasonable times give to the directors or any of them all information they may require regarding the affairs of the Corporation. Any agent or employee appointed by the Managing Director shall be subject to discharge by the directors.
38. Duties of Officers may be Delegated . In case of the absence or inability or refusal to act of any officer of the Corporation or for any other reason that the directors may deem sufficient, the directors may delegate all or any of the powers of such officer to any other officer or to any director for the time being.
SHAREHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
39. Annual Meeting . Subject to section 132 of the Act, the annual meeting of shareholders shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation or at a place elsewhere within Canada (or outside Canada if the place is specified in the articles) determined by the directors on such day in each year and at such time as the directors may determine.
40. Special Meetings . The directors of the Corporation may at any time call a special meeting of shareholders to be held on such day and at such time and, subject to section 132 of the Act, at such place within Canada (or outside Canada if the place is specified in the articles) as the directors may determine.

 


 

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41. Meeting on Requisition of Shareholders . The holders of not less than five percent (5%) of the issued shares of the Corporation that carry the right to vote at a meeting sought to be held may requisition the directors to call a meeting of shareholders for the purposes stated in the requisition. The requisition shall state the business to be transacted at the meeting and shall be sent to each director and to the registered office of the Corporation. Subject to subsection (3) of section 143 of the Act, upon receipt of the requisition, the directors shall call a meeting of shareholders to transact the business stated in the requisition. If the directors do not within twenty-one days after receiving the requisition call a meeting, any shareholder who signed the requisition may call the meeting.
42. Participation in Meetings by Electronic Means . Any person entitled to attend a meeting of shareholders may participate in the meeting by means of telephonic, electronic or other communication facility that permits all participants to communicate adequately with each other during the meeting if the Corporation has made available such a communication facility and a person participating in a meeting by those means is deemed for the purposes of the Act and the by-laws to be present at the meeting.
43. Meetings held by Electronic Means . If the directors or the shareholders of the Corporation call a meeting of shareholders pursuant to the Act, those directors or shareholders, as the case may be, may determine that the meeting shall be held, in accordance with the Act, entirely by means of a telephonic, electronic or other communication facility that permits all participants to communicate adequately with each other during the meeting.
44. Notice . Subject to any applicable securities legislation, a notice stating the day, hour and place of meeting and if special business is to be transacted thereat, stating (i) the nature of that business in sufficient detail to permit the shareholder to form a reasoned judgment on that business and (ii) the text of any special resolution to be submitted to the meeting, shall be sent to each shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting, who on the record date for notice is registered on the records of the Corporation or its transfer agent as a shareholder, to each director of the Corporation and to the auditor of the Corporation not less than 21 days and not more than 60 days (exclusive of the day such notice is, or is deemed to be, sent and of the day for which notice is given) before the date of every meeting provided that a meeting of shareholders may be held for any purpose on any day and at any time and, subject to section 132 of the Act, at any place without notice if all the shareholders and all other persons entitled to attend such meeting are, or are deemed to be, present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting (except where a shareholder or other person attends the meeting, or takes any steps which constitute deemed attendance at such meeting, for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully called) or if all the shareholders and all other persons entitled to attend such meeting and not present (or deemed to be present) in person nor represented by proxy thereat waive notice of the meeting.
     A director of the Corporation is entitled to receive notice of and to attend and be heard at every meeting of shareholders of the Corporation.
     The auditor of the Corporation is entitled to receive notice of every meeting of shareholders of the Corporation and, at the expense of the Corporation, to attend and be heard at every meeting on matters relating to his duties as auditor.

 


 

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45. Waiver of Notice . Notice of any meeting of shareholders or the time for the giving of any such notice or any irregularity in any meeting or in the notice thereof may be waived by any shareholder, the duly appointed proxy of any shareholder, any director or the auditor of the Corporation in any manner and any such waiver may be validly given either before or after the meeting to which such waiver relates. Attendance, or deemed attendance, of a shareholder or any other person entitled to attend at a meeting of shareholders is a waiver of notice of the meeting, except when he attends a meeting, or taken any steps which constitute deemed attendance at such meeting, for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully called.
46. Omission of Notice . The accidental omission to give notice of any meeting of shareholders to or the non-receipt of any notice by any person shall not invalidate any resolution passed or any proceeding taken at any such meeting.
47. Record Dates . Subject to subsection (3) of section 134 of the Act, the directors may, within the period prescribed by the Act and any applicable securities legislation, fix in advance a date as the record date for the determination of shareholders (i) entitled to receive payment of a dividend, (ii) entitled to participate in a liquidation distribution, (iii) entitled to receive notice of a meeting of shareholders, (iv) entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders, or (v) for any other purpose.
If no record date is fixed,
(a)   the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive notice of a meeting of shareholders shall be
  (i)   at the close of business on the last business day preceding the day on which the notice is given; or
 
  (ii)   if no notice is given, the day on which the meeting is held; and
(b)   the record date for the determination of shareholders for any purpose other than to establish a shareholder’s right to receive notice of a meeting or to vote shall be at the close of business on the day on which the directors pass the resolution relating to that purpose.
48. Chairman of the Meeting . In the absence of the Chairman of the Board (if any), the Chief Executive Officer and any Vice-President who is a director, the shareholders present, or deemed to be present, entitled to vote shall elect another director as chairman of the meeting and if no director is present, or deemed to be present, or if all the directors present, or deemed to be present, decline to take the chair then the shareholders present, or deemed to be present, shall elect one of their number to be chairman.
49. Votes . Votes at meetings of shareholders may be given either personally or by proxy. Subject to subsection (3) of section 141 of the Act, every question submitted to any meeting of shareholders shall be decided on a show of hands or by signifying by any telephonic, electronic or other communication facility that the Corporation or shareholders calling such meeting has made available, if any, except when a ballot is required by the chairman of the meeting or is demanded by a shareholder or

 


 

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proxyholder entitled to vote at the meeting. A shareholder or proxyholder may demand a ballot either before or on the declaration of the result of any vote by a show of hands or by signifying by telephonic, electronic or other communication facility, as applicable. At every meeting at which he is entitled to vote, every shareholder present, or deemed to be present, on his own behalf and every proxyholder present, or deemed to be present, shall have one (1) vote either by a show of hands or by signifying by telephone, electronic or other communication facility, as applicable. Upon a ballot at which he is entitled to vote every shareholder present, or deemed to be present, on his own behalf or by proxy shall (subject to the provisions, if any, of the articles) have one (1) vote for every share registered in his name. In the case of an equality of votes under this paragraph, the chairman of the meeting shall not have a second or casting vote in addition to the vote or votes to which he may be entitled as a shareholder or proxyholder.
     At any meeting, unless a ballot is demanded by a shareholder or proxyholder entitled to vote at the meeting, either before or after any vote by a show of hands or by signifying by telephonic, electronic or other communication facility, as applicable, a declaration by the chairman of the meeting that a resolution has been carried unanimously or by a particular majority or lost or not carried by a particular majority shall be conclusive evidence of the fact without proof of the number or proportion of votes recorded in favour of or against the resolution.
     If at any meeting a ballot is demanded on the election of a chairman for the meeting or on the question of adjournment or termination, the ballot shall be taken forthwith without undue adjournment. If a ballot is demanded on any other question or as to the election of directors, the ballot shall be taken in such manner and either at once or later at the meeting or after adjournment as the chairman of the meeting directs and as provided by the telephonic, electronic or communication facility through which votes may be cast, if any. The result of a ballot shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the ballot was demanded. A demand for a ballot may be withdrawn.
50. Right to Vote . Unless the articles otherwise provide, each share of the Corporation entitles the holder of it to one vote at a meeting of shareholders.
     Where a body corporate or association is a shareholder of the Corporation, any individual authorized by a resolution of the directors or governing body of the body corporate or association to represent it at meetings of shareholders of the Corporation is the person entitled to vote at all such meetings of shareholders in respect of the shares held by such body corporate or association.
     Where a person holds shares as a personal representative, such person or his proxy is the person entitled to vote at all meetings of shareholders in respect of the shares so held by him.
     Where a person mortgages, pledges or hypothecates his shares, such person or his proxy is the person entitled to vote at all meetings of shareholders in respect of such shares so long as such person remains the registered owner of such shares unless, in the instrument creating the mortgage, pledge or hypothec, he has expressly empowered the person holding the mortgage, pledge or hypothec to vote in respect of such shares, in which case, subject to the articles, such holder or his proxy is the person entitled to vote in respect of the shares.

 


 

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     Where two or more persons hold shares jointly, one of those holders present, or deemed to be present, at a meeting of shareholders may in the absence of the others vote the shares, but if two or more of those persons are present, or deemed to be present, on their own behalf or by proxy, vote, they shall vote as one on the shares jointly held by them.
51.  Proxies . Every shareholder, including a shareholder that is a body corporate, entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders may by means of a proxy appoint a proxyholder or one or more alternate proxyholders, who are not required to be shareholders, to attend and act at the meeting in the manner and to the extent authorized by the proxy and with the authority conferred by the proxy.
     An instrument appointing a proxyholder shall be in written form executed by the shareholder or by his duly authorized attorney or be in the form of an electronic document executed as contemplated by the Act by the shareholder or by his duly authorized attorney and shall conform with the requirements of the Act and is valid only at the meeting in respect of which it is given or any adjournment of that meeting.
     An instrument appointing a proxyholder may be in the following form or in any other form which complies with the requirements of the Act and any applicable securities legislation:
The undersigned shareholder of                      hereby appoints                      of                      , whom failing, _                      of _                      as the nominee of the undersigned to attend and act for and on behalf of the undersigned at the meeting of the shareholders of the said Corporation to be held on the ___day of                      , 20___and at any adjournment thereof in the same manner, to the same extent and with the same power as if the undersigned were personally present at the said meeting or such adjournment thereof.
Dated the ___day of ___, 20___.
         
 
 
 
Signature of Shareholder
   
     The directors may specify in a notice calling a meeting of shareholders a time not exceeding 48 hours, excluding Saturdays and holidays, preceding the meeting or an adjournment of the meeting before which time proxies to be used at the meeting must be deposited with the Corporation or its agent.
     The chairman of the meeting of shareholders may in his discretion accept telephonic, electronic, written or any other communication as to the authority of anyone claiming to vote on behalf of and to represent a shareholder notwithstanding that no instrument of proxy conferring such authority has been deposited with the Corporation, and any votes given in accordance with such communication accepted by the chairman of the meeting shall be valid and shall be counted.
52. Adjournment . The chairman of the meeting may with the consent of the meeting adjourn any meeting of shareholders from time to time to a fixed time and place and if the meeting is adjourned by one or more adjournments for an aggregate of less than thirty (30) days it is not necessary to give notice of the adjourned meeting other than by announcement at the time of an adjournment. If a meeting of shareholders is adjourned by one or more adjournments for an

 


 

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aggregate of thirty (30) days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as for an original meeting but, unless the meeting is adjourned by one or more adjournments for an aggregate of more than ninety (90) days, subsection (1) of section 149 of the Act does not apply.
     Any adjourned meeting shall be duly constituted if held in accordance with the terms of the adjournment and a quorum is present thereat. The persons who formed a quorum at the original meeting are not required to form the quorum at the adjourned meeting. If there is no quorum present at the adjourned meeting, the original meeting shall be deemed to have terminated forthwith after its adjournment. Any business may be brought before or dealt with at any adjourned meeting which might have been brought before or dealt with at the original meeting in accordance with the notice calling the same.
53. Quorum . Two (2) persons present, or deemed to be present, and each holding or representing by proxy at least one (1) issued share of the Corporation shall be a quorum of any meeting of shareholders for the election of a chairman of the meeting and for the adjournment of the meeting to a fixed time and place but not for the transaction of any other business; for all other purposes two (2) persons present and holding or representing by proxy five percent of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting shall be a quorum. If a quorum is obtained at the opening of a meeting of shareholders, the shareholders present, or deemed to be present, may proceed with the business of the meeting, notwithstanding that a quorum is not maintained throughout the meeting.
     Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Corporation has only one shareholder, or one shareholder holding a majority of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting, that shareholder present, or deemed to be present, on his own behalf or by proxy constitutes a meeting and a quorum for such meeting.
54. Resolution in Lieu of Meeting . A resolution in writing signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote on that resolution is as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of the shareholders.
SHARES AND TRANSFERS
55. Issuance . Subject to the articles, any unanimous shareholder agreement and to section 28 of the Act, shares in the Corporation may be issued at the times and to the persons and for the consideration that the directors determine; provided that a share shall not be issued until the consideration for the share is fully paid in money or in property or past service that is not less in value than the fair equivalent of the money that the Corporation would have received if the share had been issued for money.
56. Security Certificates . A security holder is entitled at his option to a security certificate that complies with the Act or a non-transferable written acknowledgment of his right to obtain a security certificate from the Corporation in respect of the securities of the Corporation held by him. Security certificates shall (subject to compliance with section 49 of the Act) be in such form as the directors may from time to time by resolution approve and such certificates shall be signed manually, or the signature shall be printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced on the certificate, by at least one director or officer of the Corporation or by or on behalf of the registrar, transfer agent or branch transfer agent of the Corporation, or by a trustee who certifies it in accordance with a trust indenture, and any additional signatures required on a security

 


 

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certificate may be printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced thereon. If a security certificate contains a printed or mechanically reproduced signature of a person, the Corporation may issue the security certificate, notwithstanding that the person has ceased to be a director or an officer of the Corporation, and the security certificate is as valid as if he were a director or an officer at the date of its issue.
57. Transfer Agent . The directors may from time to time by resolution appoint or remove an agent to maintain a central securities register and a branch securities register.
58. Dealings with Registered Holder . Subject to the Act, the Corporation may treat the registered owner of a security as the person exclusively entitled to vote, to receive notices, to receive any interest, dividends or other payments in respect of the security, and otherwise to exercise all the rights and powers of an owner of the security.
59. Surrender of Security Certificates . Subject to the Act, no transfer of a security issued by the Corporation shall be registered unless or until the security certificate representing the security to be transferred has been presented for registration or, if no security certificate has been issued by the Corporation in respect of such security, unless or until a duly executed transfer in respect thereof has been presented for registration.
60. Defaced, Destroyed, Stolen or Lost Security Certificates . In case of the defacement, destruction, theft or loss of a security certificate, the fact of such defacement, destruction, theft or loss shall be reported by the owner to the Corporation or to an agent of the Corporation (if any), on behalf of the Corporation, with a statement verified by oath or statutory declaration as to the defacement, destruction, theft or loss and the circumstances concerning the same and with a request for the issuance of a new security certificate to replace the one so defaced, destroyed, stolen or lost. Upon the giving to the Corporation (or if there be an agent, hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the “Corporation’s agent”, then to the Corporation and Corporation’s agent) of a bond of a surety company (or other security approved by the directors) in such form as is approved by the directors or by the Chairman of the Board (if any), the Chief Executive Officer, President, a Vice-President, the Secretary or the Treasurer or Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, indemnifying the Corporation (and the Corporation’s agent if any) against all loss, damage or expense, which the Corporation and/or the Corporation’s agent may suffer or be liable for by reason of the issuance of a new security certificate to such shareholder, and provided the Corporation or the Corporation’s agent does not have notice that the security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser and before a purchaser described in section 68 of the Act has received a new, reissued or re-registered security, a new security certificate may be issued in replacement of the one defaced, destroyed, stolen or lost, if such issuance is ordered and authorized by any one of the Chairman of the Board (if any), the Chief Executive Officer, President, a Vice-President, the Secretary, Treasurer or Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation or by resolution of the directors.
61. Enforcement of Lien for Indebtedness . Subject to subsection (8) of section 49 of the Act, if the articles of the Corporation provide that the Corporation has a lien on the shares registered in the name of a shareholder or the shareholder’s legal representative for a debt of that shareholder to the Corporation, the directors of the Corporation may sell any such shares in such manner as they think fit until the debt has been paid in full. No sale shall be made until such time as the debt ought to be paid and until a demand and notice in writing stating the amount due and demanding payment and giving notice of intention to sell in default shall have been served

 


 

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on the holder or his legal representative of the shares subject to the lien and default shall have been made in payment of such debt for seven days after service of such notice. Upon any such sale, the proceeds shall be applied, firstly, in payment of all costs of such sale, and, secondly, in satisfaction of the debt of the shareholders of the Corporation and the residue (if any) shall be paid to the shareholder or as he shall direct. Upon any such sale, the directors may enter or cause to be entered the purchaser’s name in the securities register of the Corporation as holder of the shares, and the purchaser shall not be bound to see to the regularity or validity of, or be affected by, any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings, or be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, and after his name or the name of his legal representative has been entered in the securities register, the validity of the sale shall not be impeached by any person, and the remedy of any person aggrieved by the same shall be in damages only and against the Corporation exclusively.
DIVIDENDS
62. The directors may from time to time by resolution declare and the Corporation may pay dividends on its issued shares, subject to the provisions (if any) of the Corporation’s articles.
     The directors shall not declare and the Corporation shall not pay a dividend if there are reasonable grounds for believing that:
(a)   the Corporation is, or would be after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or
(b)   the realizable value of the Corporation’s assets would thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and stated capital of all classes.
     The Corporation may pay a dividend by issuing fully paid shares of the Corporation and, subject to section 42 of the Act, the Corporation may pay a dividend in money or property.
63. In case several persons are registered as the joint holders of any securities of the Corporation, any one of such persons may give effectual receipts for all dividends and payments on account of dividends, principal, interest and/or redemption payments in respect of such securities.
VOTING SECURITIES IN OTHER BODIES CORPORATE
64. All securities of any other body corporate carrying voting rights held from time to time by the Corporation may be voted at all meetings of shareholders, bondholders, debenture holders or holders of such securities, as the case may be, of such other body corporate and in such manner and by such person or persons as the directors of the Corporation shall from time to time determine and authorize by resolution. The duly authorized signing officers of the Corporation may also from time to time execute and deliver for and on behalf of the Corporation proxies and arrange for the issuance of voting certificates or other evidence of the right to vote in such names as they may determine without the necessity of a resolution or other action by the directors.

 


 

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NOTICES, ETC.
65. Service . Any notice or document required by the Act, the articles, the by-laws or otherwise to be sent to any shareholder or director of the Corporation may be delivered personally to or sent by pre-paid mail addressed to:
(a)   the shareholder at his latest address as shown in the records of the Corporation or its transfer agent; and
(b)   the director at his latest address as shown in the records of the Corporation or in the last notice filed under section 106 or 113 of the Act.
With respect to every notice or document sent by mail it shall be sufficient to prove that the envelope or wrapper containing the notice or document was properly addressed and put into a post office or into a post office letter box. With respect to every notice or document sent by mail or delivered personally, such notice shall be deemed to have been sent on the day of mailing or personal delivery.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, provided that the addressee has consented in writing and has designated an information system for the receipt of electronic documents as contemplated by the Act, the Corporation may satisfy the requirements to send any notice or document referred to above by creating an electronic document and providing such electronic document to the applicable specified information system or otherwise posting or making such document available on a generally accessible electronic source, such as a web site, and providing written notice of the availability and location of that electronic document, unless otherwise prescribed by the Act. Any such electronic document shall be deemed to have been sent and received by the addressee when it enters the information system of the addressee or, if posted or otherwise made available through a generally accessible electronic source, when the addressee receives written notice of the availability and location of that electronic document.
66. Failure to Locate Shareholders . If the Corporation sends a notice or document to a shareholder and the notice or document is returned on two consecutive occasions because the shareholder cannot be found, the Corporation is not required to send any further notices or documents to the shareholder until the shareholder informs the Corporation in writing of the shareholder’s new address.
67. Shares Registered in More than one Name . All notices or documents shall, with respect to any shares in the capital of the Corporation registered in more than one name, be sent to whichever of such persons is named first in the records of the Corporation and any notice or document so sent shall be sufficient notice of delivery of such document to all the holders of such shares.
68. Persons Becoming Entitled by Operation of Law . Every person who by operation of law, transfer or by any other means whatsoever shall become entitled to any shares in the capital of the Corporation shall be bound by every notice or document in respect of such shares which prior to his name and address being entered on the records of the Corporation in respect of such shares shall have been duly sent to the person or persons from whom he derives his title to such shares.

 


 

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69. Deceased Shareholder . Any notice or document sent to any shareholder in accordance with paragraph 66 shall, notwithstanding that such shareholder be then deceased and whether or not the Corporation has notice of his decease, be deemed to have been duly sent in respect of the shares held by such shareholder (whether held solely or with other persons) until some other person be entered in his stead in the records of the Corporation as the holder or one of the holders thereof and shall be deemed to have been duly sent to his heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives and all persons (if any) interested with him in such shares.
70. Signatures to Notices . The signature of any director or officer of the Corporation to any notice may be written, stamped, typewritten, printed or electronically applied or partly written, stamped, typewritten or printed or electronically applied.
71. Computation of Time . Where a given number of days’ notice or notice extending over any period is required to be given under any provisions of the articles or by-laws of the Corporation, the day the notice is sent shall, unless it is otherwise provided, be counted in such number of days or other period.
72. Proof of Service . A certificate of any officer of the Corporation in office at the time of the making of the certificate or of an agent of the Corporation as to facts in relation to the sending of any notice or document to any shareholder, director, officer or auditor or publication of any notice or document shall be conclusive evidence thereof and shall be binding on every shareholder, director, officer or auditor of the Corporation, as the case may be.
CHEQUES, DRAFTS, NOTES, ETC.
73. All cheques, drafts or orders for the payment of money and all notes, acceptances and bills of exchange shall be signed by such officer or officers or other person or persons, whether or not officers of the Corporation, and in such manner as the directors may from time to time designate by resolution.
CUSTODY OF SECURITIES
74. All securities (including warrants) owned by the Corporation may be lodged (in the name of the Corporation) with a chartered bank or a trust company or in a safety deposit box or, if so authorized by resolution of the directors, with such other depositaries or in such other manner as may be determined from time to time by the directors.
     All securities (including warrants) belonging to the Corporation may be issued and held in the name of a nominee or nominees of the Corporation (and if issued or held in the names of more than one nominee shall be held in the names of the nominees jointly with right of survivorship) and shall be endorsed in blank with endorsement guaranteed in order to enable transfer thereof to be completed and registration thereof to be effected.
EXECUTION OF CONTRACTS, ETC.
75. Contracts, documents or instruments requiring the signature of the Corporation may be signed by the Chief Executive Officer alone and all contracts, documents or instruments so signed shall be binding upon the Corporation without any further authorization or formality. The directors are authorized from time to time by resolution to appoint any officer or officers or any

 


 

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other person or persons on behalf of the Corporation either to sign contracts, documents or instruments generally or to sign specific contracts, documents or instruments.
     The corporate seal of the Corporation may, when required, be affixed by the Chief Executive Officer to contracts, documents or instruments signed by him as aforesaid or by an officer or officers, person or person appointed as aforesaid by resolution of the board of directors.
     The term “contracts, documents or instruments” as used in this by-law shall include deeds, mortgages, hypothecs, charges, conveyances, transfers and assignments of property, real or personal, immovable or movable, agreements, releases, receipts and discharges for the payment of money or other obligations, conveyances, transfers and assignments of securities and all paper writings.
     In particular, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the President alone is authorized to sell, assign, transfer, exchange, convert or convey all securities owned by or registered in the name of the Corporation and to sign and execute (under the seal of the Corporation or otherwise) all assignments, transfers, conveyances, powers of attorney and other instruments that may be necessary for the purpose of selling, assigning, transferring, exchanging, converting or conveying any such securities.
     The signature or signatures of any officer or director of the Corporation and/or of any other officer or officers, person or persons appointed as aforesaid by resolution of the directors may, if specifically authorized by resolution of the directors, be printed, engraved, lithographed or otherwise mechanically or electronically reproduced upon all contracts, documents or instruments or bonds, debentures or other securities of the Corporation executed or issued by or on behalf of the Corporation and all contracts, documents or instruments or securities of the Corporation on which the signature or signatures of any of the foregoing officers, directors or persons shall be so reproduced, by authorization by resolution of the directors, shall be deemed to have been manually signed by such officers, directors or persons whose signature or signatures is or are so reproduced and shall be as valid to all intents and purposes as if they had been signed manually and notwithstanding that the officers, directors or persons whose signature or signatures is or are so reproduced may have ceased to hold office at the date of the delivery or issue of such contracts, documents or instruments or securities of the Corporation.
FISCAL PERIOD
76. The fiscal period of the Corporation shall terminate on such day in each year as the board of directors may from time to time by resolution determine.
     ENACTED the ____ day of                      , 2006.

 


 

GENOIL INC.
BY-LAW NO. 3
     A by-law respecting the borrowing of money, the giving of guarantees and the giving of security by GENOIL INC. (hereinafter called the “Corporation”).
     IT IS HEREBY ENACTED as a by-law of the Corporation as follows:
     The directors of the Corporation may from time to time:
(a)   borrow money on the credit of the Corporation;
(b)   issue, reissue, sell or pledge debt obligations of the Corporation, including without limitation, bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness or guarantee of the Corporation, whether secured or unsecured;
(c)   give a guarantee on behalf of the Corporation to secure performance of an obligation of any individual, partnership, association, body corporate, trustee, executor, administrator or legal representative;
(d)   mortgage, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise create an interest in or charge on all or any property of the Corporation, owned or subsequently acquired, to secure payment of a debt or performance of any other obligation of the Corporation;
(e)   delegate to one or more directors, a committee of directors or one or more officers of the Corporation as may be designated by the directors, all or any of the powers conferred by the foregoing clauses of this by-law to such extent and in such manner as the directors shall determine at the time of each such delegation.
     In the event any provision of any other by-law of the Corporation now in force is inconsistent with or in conflict with any provision of this by-law, the provisions of this by-law shall prevail to the extent necessary to remove the inconsistency or conflict.
     This by-law shall remain in force and be binding upon the Corporation as regards any party acting on the faith thereof until a copy, certified by the Secretary of the Corporation, of a by-law repealing or replacing this by-law shall have been received by such party and duly acknowledged in writing.
     ENACTED the ____ day of                      , 2006.

 

 

Exhibit 2.1
GENOIL INC.
STOCK OPTION PLAN
as amended October 25, 2001,
January 13, 2003,
March 30, 2004,
June 3, 2005,
March 1, 2006 and
May 31, 2006
ARTICLE 1
PURPOSE OF PLAN
1.1 The purpose of the Plan is to attract, retain and motivate persons as directors, officers, key employees and consultants of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries and to advance the interests of the Corporation by providing such persons with the opportunity, through share options, to acquire an increased proprietary interest in the Corporation.
ARTICLE 2
DEFINED TERMS
     Where used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings, respectively:
2.1 “ Board ” means the board of directors of the Corporation or, if established and duly authorized to act, the Executive Committee or another Committee appointed for such purpose by the board of directors of the Corporation;
2.2 “ Business Day ” means any day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday, on which the Exchange is open for trading;
2.3 “ Consultant ” means an individual (including an individual whose services are contracted through a personal holding corporation) with whom the Corporation or any Subsidiary has a contract for substantial services;
2.4 “ Corporation ” means GENOIL INC. and includes any successor corporation thereto;
2.5 “ Eligible Person ” means any director, officer, employee (part-time or full-time) or Consultant of the Corporation or any Subsidiary;
2.6 “ Exchange ” means the TSX Venture Exchange and, where the context permits, any other exchange on which the Shares are or may be listed from time.

 


 

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2.7 “ Exchange Requirements ” means and includes the articles, by-laws, policies, circulars, rules, guidelines, orders, notices, rulings, forms, decisions and regulations of the TSX Venture Exchange as from time to time enacted, any instructions, decisions and directions of a Regulation Services Provider or the TSX Venture Exchange, the Alberta Securities Act, S.A. 1981 c. S-61 and rules and regulations thereunder as amended, the British Columbia Securities Act R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 418 and rules and regulations thereunder as amended and any policies, rules, orders, rulings, forms or regulations from time to time enacted by the Alberta Securities Commission or the British Columbia Securities Commission and all applicable provisions of the Securities Laws of any other jurisdiction.
2.8 “ Insider ” means:
  (a)   an Insider as defined under Section 1(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), other than a person who falls within that definition solely by virtue of being a director or senior officer of a Subsidiary; and
 
  (b)   an associate as defined under Section 1(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario) of any person who is an insider by virtue of (i) above;
2.9 “ Investor Relations Activities ” means any activities, by or on behalf of the Corporation or Shareholder of the Corporation, that promote or reasonably could be expected to promote the purchase or sale of securities of the Corporation, but does not include:
  (a)   the dissemination of information provided, or records prepared, in the ordinary course of business of the Corporation
  (i)   to promote the sale of products or services of the Corporation, or
 
  (ii)   to raise public awareness of the Corporation,
that cannot reasonably be considered to promote the purchase or sale of securities of the Corporation;
  (b)   activities or communications necessary to comply with the requirements of
  (i)   applicable Securities Laws,
 
  (ii)   Exchange Requirements or the by-laws, rules or other regulatory instruments of any other self regulatory body or exchange having jurisdiction over the Corporation;
  (c)   communications by a publisher of, or writer for, a newspaper, magazine or business or financial publication, that is of general and regular paid circulation, distributed only to subscribers to it for value or to purchasers of it, if
  (i)   the communication is only through the newspaper, magazine or publication, and

 


 

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  (ii)   the publisher or writer receives no commission or other consideration other than for acting in the capacity of publisher or writer; or
  (d)   activities or communications that may be otherwise specified by the Exchange.
2.10 “ Market Price ” at any date in respect of the Shares shall be the greatest closing price of such Shares on any Exchange on the last Business Day preceding the date on which the Option is approved by the Board (or, if such Shares are not then listed and posted for trading on the Exchange, on such stock exchange in Canada on which the Shares are listed and posted for trading as may be selected for such purpose by the Board). In the event that such Shares did not trade on such Business Day, the Market Price shall be the average of the bid and ask prices in respect of such Shares at the close of trading on such date. In the event that such Shares are not listed and posted for trading on any stock exchange, the Market Price shall be the fair market value of such Shares as determined by the Board in its sole discretion;
2.11 “ Option ” means an option to purchase Shares granted under the Plan;
2.12 “ Option Price ” means the price per Share at which Shares may be purchased under the Option, as the same may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with Article 8;
2.13 “ Optionee ” means an Eligible Person to whom an Option has been granted;
2.14 “ Outstanding Issue ” means the number of Shares outstanding on a non-diluted basis, determined on the basis of the number of shares that are outstanding immediately prior to the share issuance under Article 5 herein, excluding shares issued pursuant to share compensation arrangements over the preceding one-year period;
2.15 “ Person ” means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, an unincorporated association or organization, a trust, a government or department or agency thereof and the heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives of an individual and an associate or affiliate of any thereof as such terms are defined in the Business Corporations Act (Alberta);
2.16 “ Plan ” means this GENOIL INC. Stock Option Plan, as the same may be amended or varied from time to time;
2.17 “ Regulation Services Provider ” has the meaning ascribed in National Instrument 21-101 Marketplace Operation and refers to Market Regulation Services Inc. (RS Inc.) or any other Regulation Services Provider retained by the TSX Venture Exchange.
2.18 “ Securities Laws ” means securities legislation, securities regulation and securities rules, as amended, and the policies, notices, instruments and blanket orders in force from time to time that are applicable to the Corporation,
2.19 “ Share Compensation Arrangement ” means any stock option, stock option plan, employee stock purchase plan or any other compensation or incentive mechanism involving the issuance or potential issuance of Shares, including a share purchase from treasury which is financially assisted by the Corporation by way of a loan, guarantee or otherwise;

 


 

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2.20 “ Shareholde r” means a registered or beneficial holder of Shares or, if the context requires, other securities of the Corporation.
2.21 “ Shares ” means the common shares of the Corporation or, in the event of an adjustment contemplated by Article 8, such other shares or securities to which an Optionee may be entitled upon the exercise of an Option as a result of such adjustment; and
2.22 “ Subsidiary ” means any corporation which is a subsidiary as such term is defined in section 4 of the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) (as such provision is from time to time amended, varied or re-enacted) of the Corporation.
ARTICLE 3
ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN
3.1 The Plan shall be administered in accordance with the rules and policies of the Exchange in respect of employee stock option plans by the Board. The Board shall receive recommendations of management and shall determine and designate from time to time those directors, officers, employees and Consultants of the Corporation or its Subsidiaries to whom an Option should be granted and the number of Shares, which will be optioned from time to time to any individual and the terms and conditions of the grant.
3.2 The Board shall have the power, where consistent with the general purpose and intent of the Plan and subject to the specific provisions of the Plan,
  (a)   to establish policies and to adopt, prescribe, amend or vary rules and regulations for carrying out the purposes, provisions and administration of the Plan and make all other determinations necessary or advisable for its administration;
 
  (b)   to interpret and construe the Plan and to determine all questions arising out of the Plan and any Option granted pursuant to the Plan and any such interpretation, construction or determination made by the Board shall be final, binding and conclusive for all purposes;
 
  (c)   to determine which Eligible Persons are granted Options and to grant Options;
 
  (d)   to determine the number of Shares covered by each Option;
 
  (e)   to determine the Option Price;
 
  (f)   to determine the time or times when Options will be granted and exercisable;
 
  (g)   to determine if the Shares which are subject to an Option will be subject to any restrictions upon the exercise of such Option; and
 
  (h)   to prescribe the form of the instruments relating to the grant, exercise and other terms of Options.

 


 

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ARTICLE 4
SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN
4.1 Options may be granted in respect of authorized and unissued Shares provided that, subject to increase by the Board, the receipt of the approval of the Exchange and the approval of Shareholders of the Corporation, the maximum aggregate number of Shares reserved by the Corporation for issuance and which may be purchased upon the exercise of all Options shall equal 41,978,079 Shares in respect of which Options are not exercised shall be available for subsequent Options under the Plan. No fractional Shares may be purchased or issued under the Plan.
ARTICLE 5
ELIGIBILITY; GRANT; TERMS OF OPTIONS
5.1 Options may be granted to Eligible Persons.
5.2 Options may be granted by the Corporation pursuant to the recommendations of the Board from time to time provided and to the extent that such decisions are approved by the Board.
5.3 Subject to the provisions of this Plan, the number of Shares subject to each Option, the Option Price, the expiration date of each Option, the extent to which each Option is exercisable from time to time during the term of the Option and other terms and conditions relating to each such Option shall be determined by the Board. At no time shall the period during which an Option shall be exercisable exceed 10 years.
5.4 In the event that no specific determination is made by the Board with respect to the following matter, the period during which an Option shall, subject to any other specific provisions of the Plan, be exercisable shall be five years from the date the Option is granted to the Optionee.
5.5 The Option Price of Shares which are the subject of any Option shall in no circumstances be lower than the Market Price of the Shares at the date of the grant of the Option.
5.6 Except as otherwise permissible pursuant to the rules of the Exchange, the maximum number of Shares which may be reserved for issuance to any one Optionee under this Plan or under any other Share Compensation Arrangement shall not exceed 5% of the Outstanding Issue in any 12 month period, unless the Corporation has obtained the requisite disinterested Shareholder approval.
5.7 Except as otherwise permissible pursuant to the rules of the Exchange, the aggregate number of Shares which may be reserved for issuance to Insiders under the Plan and any other Share Compensation Arrangement may not exceed 10% of the Outstanding Issue; and the

 


 

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number of Shares which may be reserved for issuance to Insiders under the Plan within any 12 month period, may not exceed 10% of the Outstanding Issue.
5.8 Any entitlement to acquire Shares granted pursuant to the Plan or any other Share Compensation Arrangement prior to the Optionee becoming an Insider shall be excluded for the purposes of the limits set out in 5.7 and 5.8 above.
5.9 An Option is personal to the Optionee and is non-assignable and non-transferable.
5.10 Except as otherwise permissible pursuant to the rules of the Exchange, no more than 2% of the Outstanding Issue may be granted to any one Consultant in any 12 month period.
5.11 Except as otherwise permissible pursuant to the rules of the Exchange, no more than an aggregate of 2% of the Outstanding Issue may be granted in any 12 month period to an employee (part-time or full-time) conducting Investor Relations Activities.
5.12 At time of grant, the Corporation will represent that the Optionee is a bona fide director, officer, employee or Consultant of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, as the case may be.
ARTICLE 6
EXERCISE OF OPTIONS
6.1 Subject to the provisions of the Plan, an Option may be exercised from time to time by delivery to the Corporation at its registered office of a written notice of exercise addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation specifying the number of Shares with respect to which the Option is being exercised and accompanied by payment in full of the Option Price of the Shares to be purchased. Certificates for such Shares shall be issued and delivered to the Optionee within a reasonable period of time following the receipt of such notice and payment.
6.2 Notwithstanding any of the provisions contained in the Plan or in any Option, the Corporation’s obligation to issue Shares to an Optionee pursuant to the exercise of an Option shall be subject to:
  (a)   completion of such registration or other qualification of such Shares or obtaining approval of such governmental or regulatory authority as counsel to the Corporation shall reasonably determine to be necessary or advisable in connection with the authorization, issuance or sale thereof;
 
  (b)   the listing of such Shares on the Exchange, if applicable; and
 
  (c)   the receipt from the Optionee of such representations, agreements and undertakings, including as to future dealings in such Shares, as the Corporation or its counsel reasonably determines to be necessary or advisable in order to safeguard against the violation of the Securities Laws of any jurisdiction.
In this connection the Corporation shall, to the extent necessary, take all reasonable steps to obtain such approvals, registrations and qualifications as may be necessary for the issuance of

 


 

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such Shares in compliance with applicable Securities Laws and for the listing of such Shares on the Exchange.
6.3 Notwithstanding anything else contained herein, at or after the time that any Option could be exercised by a Participant, the Participant may elect to surrender, in whole or in part, his or her rights under any Option by written notice given to the Corporation stating that such Participant wishes to surrender his or her Option in exchange for a payment by the Corporation of a cash amount per optioned Share equal to the difference between the exercise price of the Option and the closing price of the Shares on the TSX Venture Exchange on the trading day prior to such exercise (the “Cash Amount”). The Board at its sole discretion may either pay such Cash Amount or satisfy its obligations pursuant to this Section 6.3 by issuing Shares to the Optionee with a value equal to the Cash Amount, such Share to be issued at a value per Share equal to the closing price of the Shares on the TSX Venture Exchange on the trading day prior to such exercise. The Board additionally has the sole discretion to consent to or disapprove of the election of the Participant to receive the Cash Amount pursuant to this Section 6.3. If the Board disapproves of the election, the Participant may (i) exercise the Option under Section 6.1 or (ii) retract the request to exercise such Option.
ARTICLE 7
RESIGNATION; TERMINATION; DEATH; DISABILITY; RETIREMENT
7.1 Subject to any express resolution passed by the Board with respect to an Option, if an Optionee who is an officer, employee (part-time or full-time), director or Consultant of the Corporation ceases to be an officer, employee (part-time or full-time), director or Consultant of the Corporation such that the Optionee holds none of such positions with the Corporation (in each case, the “Departure”) and does not continue in at least one of such capacities, each Option held by the Optionee will terminate and be deemed to have been terminated:
  (a)   if the reason for Departure is resignation or termination without cause, and the Departure is in respect of a director or officer, as applicable, at 4:00 p.m. (Calgary time) on the earlier of: (i) the expiry date of the Option; and (ii) the date that is 180 days after the date of Departure;
 
  (b)   if the reason for Departure is resignation or termination without cause, and the Departure is in respect of an employee (part-time or full-time), at 4:00 p.m. (Calgary time) on the earlier of: (i) the expiry date of the Option; and (ii) the date that is 60 days after the date of Departure;
 
  (c)   if the reason for Departure is resignation or termination without cause, and the Departure is in respect of a Consultant, in accordance with the terms of the Consulting agreement entered into between the Corporation or the Subsidiary and the Consultant, or, if not expressly indicated in such Consulting agreement, at 4:00 p.m. (Calgary time) on the earlier of: (i) the expiry date of the Option; and (ii) the date that is 60 days after the date of Departure;

 


 

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  (d)   if the reason for Departure is death, permanent disability or normal retirement of the Optionee, at 4:00 p.m. (Calgary time) on the earlier of: (i) the expiry date of the Option; and (ii) the date that is 180 days after the date of Departure; and
 
  (e)   if the reason for Departure is termination for cause, at 12:01 a.m. (Calgary time) on the date of Departure;
provided that in the circumstances described in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) above, the Option may be exercised or surrendered during the respective periods only to the same extent, in the same manner, and subject to the same restrictions and limitations that the Optionee was entitled to exercise or surrender the Option as at the date of Departure. Notwithstanding anything else contained herein, no Option shall vest following the date of Departure of the Optionee.
7.2 In the event of an Optionee’s death or permanent disability, any Option held by the Optionee at the time of his death or permanent disability may be exercised or surrendered only:
  (a)   by the person to whom the Optionee’s rights under the Option shall pass by the Optionee’s legal will or pursuant to applicable law; and
 
  (b)   to the same extent, in the same manner and subject to the same restrictions and limitations that the Optionee was entitled to exercise or surrender the Option as at the date of death or permanent disability.
ARTICLE 8
CHANGE IN CONTROL AND CERTAIN ADJUSTMENTS
8.1 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan in the event that the Corporation receives an offer (the “Offer”) for:
  (a)   the acquisition by any Person of Shares or rights or options to acquire Shares of the Corporation or securities which are convertible into Shares of the Corporation or any combination thereof such that after the completion of such acquisition such Person would be entitled to exercise 30% or more of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting of the Shareholders; or
 
  (b)   the sale by the Corporation of all or substantially all of the property or assets of the Corporation;
then notwithstanding that at the effective time of the Offer the Optionee may not be entitled to all the Shares granted by the Option, the Optionee shall be entitled to exercise the Options to the full amount of the Shares remaining at that time from the date of the Offer to the date of the close of any such transaction. If such transaction is not completed within 90 days of the date of the Offer and the Optionee has not so exercised that portion of the Option relating to Shares to which the Optionee would not otherwise be entitled, this provision shall cease to apply to the Offer.

 


 

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8.2 Appropriate adjustments with respect to Options granted or to be granted, in the number of Shares optioned and in the Option Price, shall be made by the Board to give effect to adjustments in the number of Shares of the Corporation resulting from subdivisions, consolidations or reclassifications of the Shares of the Corporation, the payment of stock dividends or cash dividends by the Corporation (other than dividends in the ordinary course), the distribution of securities, property or assets by way of dividend or otherwise (other than dividends in the ordinary course), or other relevant changes in the capital stock of the Corporation or the amalgamation or merger of the Corporation with or into any other entity, subsequent to the approval of the Plan by the Board. The appropriate adjustment in any particular circumstance shall be conclusively determined by the Board in its sole discretion, subject to approval by the Shareholders of the Corporation and to acceptance by the Exchange respectively, if applicable.
ARTICLE 9
AMENDMENT OR DISCONTINUANCE OF PLAN
9.1 The Board may amend or discontinue the Plan at any time upon receipt of requisite regulatory approval including without limitation, the approval of the Exchange, provided, however, that no such amendment may, without the consent of the Shareholders, increase the maximum number of Shares that may be optioned under the Plan, change the manner of determining the minimum Option Price, reduce the Option Price for Options granted to Insiders or, without the consent of the Optionee, alter or impair any of the terms of any Option previously granted to an Optionee under the Plan. Any amendments to the terms of an Option shall also require regulatory approval, including without limitation, the approval of the Exchange.
ARTICLE 10
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
10.1 The holder of an Option shall not have any rights as a Shareholder of the Corporation with respect to any of the Shares covered by such Option until such holder shall have exercised such Option in accordance with the terms of the Plan (including tendering payment in full of the Option Price of the Shares in respect of which the Option is being exercised) and the issuance of Shares by the Corporation.
10.2 Nothing in the Plan or any Option shall confer upon an Optionee any right to continue in the employ of the Corporation or any Subsidiary or affect in any way the right of the Corporation or any Subsidiary to terminate his employment at any time; nor shall anything in the Plan or any Option be deemed or construed to constitute an agreement, or an expression of intent, on the part of the Corporation or any Subsidiary to extend the employment of any Optionee beyond the time which he would normally be retired pursuant to the provisions of any present or future retirement plan of the Corporation or any Subsidiary or any present or future retirement plan of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, or beyond the time at which he would otherwise be retired pursuant to the provisions of any contract of employment with the Corporation or any Subsidiary.

 


 

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10.3 To the extent required by law or regulatory policy or necessary to allow Shares issued on exercise of an Option to be free of resale restrictions, the Corporation shall report the grant, exercise or termination of the Option to the Exchange and the appropriate securities regulatory authorities.
ARTICLE 11
SHAREHOLDER AND REGULATORY APPROVAL
11.1 The Plan shall be subject to the approval of the Shareholders of the Corporation to be given by a resolution passed at a meeting of the Shareholders of the Corporation in accordance with the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), and to acceptance by the Exchange. Any Options granted prior to such approval and acceptances shall be conditional upon such approval and acceptance being given and no such Options may be exercised unless such approval and acceptance is given.

 

 

Exhibit 2.3
UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER SECURITIES LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THIS SECURITY BEFORE MAY 24, 2006.
THIS PROMISSORY NOTE AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION HEREOF HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, ASSIGNED OR TRANSFERRED, IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER SAID ACT OR UNLESS THE COMPANY HAS RECEIVED AN OPINION OF COUNSEL REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT REGISTRATION UNDER SAID ACT IS NOT REQUIRED.
GENOIL INC.
CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE
January 23, 2006   Cdn. $750,000
      GENOIL INC. , a corporation incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act (together with its successors and assigns, the “ Issuer ”), for value received, hereby promises to pay on the Maturity Date (as defined below) to LIFSCHULTZ ENTERPRISES CO., LLC (the “ Noteholder ”) and its successors, transferees and assigns, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by Noteholder by written notice to Issuer the principal sum of Seven Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars (Cdn.$750,000) or, if less, the aggregate unpaid principal amount outstanding on the Maturity Date, together with interest outstanding and unpaid as provided below in lawful currency of Canada as at the time of payment shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.
     This Note (the “ Note ”) is one of a duly authorized issue of Convertible Promissory Notes of the Issuer in similar form (the “ Promissory Notes ”). The Promissory Notes rank equally and ratably without priority over one another. Payment, including any prepayment, may be made hereunder without payment, including any prepayments being made with respect to the other Promissory Notes.
     This Note is transferable or assignable by the Noteholder or any transferee of the Noteholder; provided that such transfer or assignment is made in compliance with applicable Canadian securities laws and in compliance with the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any applicable provincial, state and foreign securities laws. Issuer agrees to issue to the Noteholder or any transferee of the Noteholder from time to time a replacement note or notes in the form hereof and in such denominations as such Person may request to facilitate such transfers and assignments. In addition, after delivery of an indemnification agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Issuer, the Issuer also agrees to issue a replacement note if this Note has been lost, stolen, or destroyed.

 


 

     The Issuer shall keep at its principal office a register (the “ Register ”) in which shall be entered the name and address of the registered holder of this Note and of all transfers of this Note. References to the “ Holder ” shall mean the Person listed in the Register as the payee of the Note. The ownership of this Note shall be proven by the Register. For the purpose of paying principal and any interest on this Note, Issuer shall be entitled to rely on the name and address in the Register and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Note, no Event of Default shall occur under Section 3(a) or 3(b) if payment of principal and any interest is made in accordance with the name and address contained in the Register.
     1.  Certain Definitions . The following terms (except as otherwise expressly provided) for all purposes of this Note shall have the respective meanings specified below. The terms defined in this Section 1 include the plural as well as the singular.
          “ Additional Common Shares ” means any Common Shares issued by the Company after the date of this Note other than : (i) shares issued or issuable upon the exercise of any warrants or options outstanding as of the date of this Note; (ii) Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents issued in connection with a bona-fide strategic transaction with an unrelated third party; (iii) Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents issued in connection with any stock-based compensation plans of the Company approved by a majority of the independent directors on the Board of Directors of the Company or (iv) shares issuable upon the exercise or conversion of any Notes.
          “ Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with, such Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any Person means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
          “ Bankruptcy Law ” means the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) or any similar federal or foreign law for the relief of debtors that may be applicable.
           “beneficial ownership" has the meaning given to such term in the Securities Act (Ontario) as extended by Section 90(1) thereof.
          “ Business Day ” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in the Province of Alberta are authorized by law to close.
          “ Change of Control ” means the (i) acquisition by an individual or legal entity or group of more than one-half of the voting rights or equity interests in the Company; or (ii) sale, conveyance, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets, property or business of the Company or the merger into or consolidation with any other corporation (other than a wholly owned subsidiary corporation) or effectuation of any transaction or series of related transactions where holders of the Company’s voting securities prior to such transaction or series of transactions fail to continue to hold at least 50% of the voting power of the Company.

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          “ Common Share Equivalents ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.4 of Schedule “A”.
           " Conversion Price has the meaning given to such term in Section 6.
          “ Custodian ” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
           “Date of Original Issue" means January 23, 2006,
          “ Debt ” means at any date, without duplication, an amount equal to or greater than Two Million dollars (Cdn.$2,000,000) of: (i) all obligations of the Issuer for borrowed money, (ii) all obligations of the Issuer evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, or other similar instruments, (iii) all obligations of the Issuer in respect of letters of credit or other similar instruments (or reimbursement obligations with respect thereto), except letters of credit or other similar instruments issued to secure payment of Trade Payables, (iv) all obligations of the Issuer to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, except Trade Payables, (v) all obligations of the Issuer as lessee under capitalized leases, (vi) all Debt of others secured by a Lien on any asset of the Issuer, whether or not such Debt is assumed by such Person; and (vii) all Debt of others Guaranteed by the Issuer.
          “ Default ” means any condition or event which constitutes an Event of Default or which with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default.
           " equity security has the meaning given to such term in the Securities Act (Ontario).
          “ Financing ” means the equity financing by the Issuer consummated on the date hereof and represented by this Note.
          “ Guarantee ” by any Person means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of such Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Debt or other obligation of any other Person and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person (i) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Debt or other obligation of such other Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, by agreement to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay, or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or (ii) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Debt or other obligation for the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part); provided that the term Guarantee shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term “ Guarantee ” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.
          “ Lien ” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset. For the purposes of this Note, Issuer shall be deemed to own subject to a Lien any asset which it has acquired or holds

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subject to the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capitalized lease or other title retention agreement relating to such asset.
          “ Maturity Date ” means July 24, 2006, subject to acceleration or extension as provided in Section 3 and 3.1 hereof or the conversion of this Note as set forth in Section 6 hereof.
          “ Purchase Agreement ” means that certain Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, previously entered into between the Issuer and various holders of Promissory Notes and dated December 23, 2004.
          “ Purchaser ” means a Noteholder who has converted all or part of the indebtedness owing to it pursuant to a Note into Common Shares (or, if applicable, a successor security) of the Issuer.
          “ Person ” means an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity (or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof).
          “ Restricted Payment ” means (a) the declaration or payment of any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, stock or other property) with respect to the equity securities of the Issuer or any subsidiary or (b) any payment on account of the redemption, purchase or other acquisition, directly or indirectly, of any equity securities of the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries or any option, warrant or other right to purchase or acquire any such equity securities, or any other security, other than (i) the repayment or prepayment of (A) any indebtedness outstanding as of the date hereof, (B) any Trade Payables, in each case, in the ordinary course of business or (C) the Promissory Notes pursuant to the terms thereof, or (ii) upon the “cashless” or “net issue” exercise by a holder of any option, warrant or other right to purchase or acquire any such equity securities, in each case, outstanding as of the Date of Original Issue.
          “ Sale Transaction ” means the consummation of (i) the acquisition, directly or indirectly, (including through beneficial ownership) of a controlling interest (more than 50% of the voting power) in the Issuer (through merger, sale of equity securities or other transaction or series of related transactions) by any Person or Persons who do not control (or form part of a “group”, as defined in Section 6(a.1) hereof, which controls) the Issuer as of the date hereof, or (ii) the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the Issuer’s assets or business to any Person or Persons who do not control (or form part of a “group”, as defined in Section 6(a.1) hereof, which controls) the Issuer as of the date hereof.
          “ Trade Payables ” means accounts payable or any other indebtedness or monetary obligations to trade creditors created or assumed by Issuer in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services. “Trade Payables” shall not include any indebtedness outstanding to any director, officer, shareholder holding more than 1% of the outstanding Common Shares or other person (including individuals and entities of any type) which are either “affiliates” or “associates” or which “act jointly and in concert” (in each case

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within the meaning given to such terms in the Securities Act (Ontario)) with any of the foregoing.
     2.  Principal and Interest .
           (a) Interest . The aggregate outstanding principal balance of this Note shall bear interest accruing from and after the date hereof to the date this Note shall have been converted or repaid in full at the rate of twelve percent (12%) per annum, calculated and payable semi-annually, with the first such semi-annual in trust payment accruing, immediately, and thereafter, if the Maturity Date is extended in accordance with Section 3.1 hereof, at the end of such semi-annual period, with unpaid interest compounding at the same rate (effective annual interest rate of approximately 12.4%) subject to adjustment as set forth in Section 3 hereof. All computations of interest payable hereunder shall be on the basis of a 360-day year and actual days elapsed in the period for which such interest is payable. Interest shall be due and payable on the semi-annual dates of calculation or such earlier date that this Note is converted or repaid in full.
           (b) Payment Obligation . No provision of this Note shall alter or impair the obligations of Issuer, which are absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and interest on this Note at the place, times and rate, and in the currency herein prescribed, subject to the conversion provisions of this Note as provided herein.
           (c) Prepayment . The principal hereunder and all interest accrued thereon may be prepaid at any time by the Issuer in whole or in part (a “ Prepayment ”), provided that (i) the Issuer gives not less than fifteen (15) Business Days prior written notice to the Noteholder that it intends to make such a Prepayment specifying the amount of such Noteholder’s Note that the Issuer will Prepay and the date on which such Prepayment will be made. For avoidance of doubt, at any time following receipt of the notice of Prepayment until the Prepayment, the Noteholder shall have the right to convert the Note as provided in Section 6.
           (d) Gross-Up for Withholding Tax.
(I) Payment of Taxes. Any and all payments by the Issuer to the Noteholder or its successors, transferees and assigns (collectively, a “ Holder ”) under this Agreement, whether in respect of interest, costs, principal (including amortization of discount) or otherwise shall be made free and clear of, and without deduction or withholding for, any Tax (other than a Tax on the overall net income of a Holder) imposed, levied, collected, withheld or assessed by a Governmental Authority (as defined below). In addition, the Issuer shall pay all Other Taxes (as defined below). If the Issuer shall be required by law to deduct or withhold any Taxes or Other Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable hereunder to any Holder, then (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions or withholdings (including, without limitation, deductions and withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 2(d)) such Holder receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions or withholdings been made; (ii) the Issuer shall make such deductions and withholdings; and (iii) the Issuer shall pay the full

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amount deducted or withheld to the relevant taxing authority or other authority in accordance with any applicable requirement of law.
(II) Indemnification. The Issuer shall indemnify and hold harmless each Holder for the full amount of Taxes (including any Taxes imposed by any jurisdiction on amounts payable under this Section 2(d)) incurred, paid by or assessable against the Holder and any liability (including penalties, additions to tax, and expenses) arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally asserted. Payment under this indemnification shall be made within thirty days after the date the Holder makes written demand therefor.
(III) Receipts. Within thirty days after the date of any payment by the Issuer of Taxes or Other Taxes, the Issuer shall provide the Holder with the original or a certified copy of a receipt evidencing payment thereof, or other evidence of payment satisfactory to the Holder.
(IV) Definitions. In this section:
Other Taxes ” means any present or future recordation, transfer, mortgage, stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies imposed by Canada, the United States of America or any political subdivision thereof or any other jurisdiction from or through which any payments under this Note are made that arise from any payment made hereunder or from the execution, delivery, or registration of, performance under, or otherwise with respect to this Note.
Tax ” or “ Taxes ” means any present or future tax, assessment, fees, levy, impost, duty or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority.
Governmental Authority ” – means any nation or government, any state, province, municipality, region or other political subdivision thereof, any central bank (or similar monetary or regulatory authority) thereof, any entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory, or administrative functions of or pertaining to government, any corporation or other entity owned or controlled, through stock or capital ownership or otherwise, by any of the foregoing and any department, agency, board, commission, tribunal, committee or instrumentality of any of the foregoing.
     3.  Events of Default and Remedies and Acceleration Upon a Sale Transaction . In case one or more of the following events (each, an “ Event of Default ”) (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body) shall have occurred and be continuing:

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          (a) except as set out in section 3.2 hereof, default in the payment of all or any part of the principal of any of this Note as and when the same shall become due and payable, at maturity, by acceleration or otherwise; or
          (b) except as set out in section 3.2 hereof, default in the payment of all or any part of the interest on any of this Note as and when same shall become due and payable and on appropriate notice hereunder; or
          (c) failure on the part of Issuer duly to observe or perform any other of the covenants or agreements on the part of Issuer contained in this Note (other than those covered by clauses (a) and (b) above) for a period of ten (10) Business Days after the date on which written notice specifying such failure, stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder and demanding that Issuer remedy the same, shall have been given by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to Issuer; or
          (d) any event or condition shall occur which results in the acceleration of the maturity of any Debt or enables or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both, would enable the holder of such Debt or any Person acting on such holder’s behalf to accelerate the maturity thereof; or
          (e) the Issuer pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
  (i)   commences a voluntary case or proceeding,
 
  (ii)   consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case or proceeding,
 
  (iii)   consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,
 
  (iv)   makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or
 
  (v)   admits in writing its inability to pay its debts as the same become due; or
  (f)   a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:
  (i)   is for relief against Issuer in an involuntary case,
 
  (ii)   appoints a Custodian of Issuer or for all or substantially all of the property of Issuer, or
 
  (iii)   orders the liquidation of Issuer,
     and such order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 30 days;
then, in each case where an Event of Default occurs, the Holder, by notice in writing to the Issuer (the “ Acceleration Notice ”), may, at their option, declare the outstanding principal hereunder

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and all accrued and unpaid interest hereon and thereon to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable; provided that if an Event of Default specified in Section 3(e) or 3(f) occurs, the principal hereunder and all accrued and unpaid interest hereon and thereon shall become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Noteholder.
     The Issuer shall reimburse the Noteholder, on demand, for any and all costs and expenses, including (but not limited to) reasonable attorney fees and court costs, incurred by the Noteholder in collecting or otherwise enforcing this Note or in attempting to do any of the foregoing.
     Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, upon the first to occur of (i) the Maturity Date or (ii) a Sale Transaction, the Noteholder, by notice in writing to the Issuer, may, at its option, declare the outstanding principal hereunder and all accrued and unpaid interest hereon to become due and payable immediately. Subject to applicable securities laws, the Issuer shall use its reasonable best efforts to notify the Holders of pending or proposed Sale Transactions as soon as possible.
     Unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Issuer may, at its option, subject to giving not more than 90 days and not less than 75 days’ prior written notice, and subject to any required regulatory approval, elect to satisfy its obligation to pay the amount of principal (but, for greater certainty, not interest, which shall be payable in cash) due hereunder upon acceleration by the Noteholder resulting from a Sale Transaction by issuing and delivering to the Noteholder that number of freely tradeable Common Shares obtained by dividing the amount to be paid by 95% of the weighted average trading price of the Issuer’s Common Shares on the TSX Venture Exchange for the 20 consecutive trading days on which at least two board lots have traded ending five trading days prior to the date on which the Sale Transaction shall have occurred. Notwithstanding such election by the Issuer, the Noteholder shall have the right to convert the outstanding principal hereunder at the lower of the price contemplated by this paragraph or the Conversion Price by notice otherwise given in accordance with Section 6 at any time prior to the completion of the Issuer-initiated settlement of the principal amount hereof in shares.
     3.1. Extension of Maturity Date . The Holder hereby covenants and agrees to enter into discussions with the Issuer not less than 30 days prior to the Maturity date and to use its reasonable best efforts to negotiate the extension of the Maturity Date, such extension to be for a term of at least six months from the original Maturity Date and to be on terms mutually agreeable to the Holder and the Issuer, acting reasonably. Notwithstanding the above, the Holder shall be under no obligation to discuss an extension of the Maturity Date with the Issuer if the Holder has been informed by the Issuer that such extension is not desirable to the Issuer.
     3.2. Notice Regarding Due and Payable Date . The Holder hereby covenants and agrees that notwithstanding anything else contained herein, the Holder shall not take any action whatsoever in respect of the collection or payment of amounts due and payable hereunder, whether relating to principal or interest, unless and until the later of: (i) the date that is thirty (30) days from the Maturity Date; and (ii) the Holder has provided thirty (30) days written notice to the Issuer that it intends to enforce such collection and payment.

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     4.  Powers and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver of Default . No right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Noteholder is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
     No delay or omission of the Noteholder to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Default or Event of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Default or Event of Default or an acquiescence therein; and every power and remedy given by this Note or by law may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Noteholder.
     5.  Waiver of Past Defaults . The Noteholder may waive in writing any past Default or Event of Default hereunder and its consequences. In the case of any such waiver, the Issuer and the Noteholder shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
     Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist and be deemed to have been cured and not to have occurred, and any Default or Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, and not to have occurred for every purpose of this Note, and the interest rate hereon shall not be deemed to have increased; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
     6.  Conversion .
          (a) Optional Conversion . The outstanding principal hereunder plus all interest accrued thereon may, at the Noteholder’s option, be converted, at any time, in whole or in part, into Common Shares of the Issuer, at a conversion rate of Cdn.$0.44 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, consolidations, stock dividends and the like, as provided in Section 6(d) hereof) (the “Conversion Price”) , all on and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 6.
          The Issuer’s obligation to issue Common Shares upon conversion of Note shall be absolute, is independent of any covenant of any Noteholder, and shall not be subject to: (i) any offset or defense; or (ii) any claims against the holder of this Note whether pursuant to this Note, the Articles of Incorporation or otherwise.
          (b) Mandatory Conversion . In the event that the Common Shares trade at a price equal to or greater than Cdn.$1.55 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, consolidations, stock dividends and similar reorganization transactions), based on the weighted average trading price for the particular day on the TSX Venture Exchange, for 30 consecutive trading days on which at least ten (10) board lots are traded, and provided that no Event of Default has occurred and is then continuing, the Issuer may, at its option by delivery of written notice to such effect to the Noteholder, which notice shall provide not more than 90 days and not less than 75 days’ prior written notice, and subject to any required regulatory approval, elect to

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cause the conversion of all outstanding amounts of principal due hereunder into freely tradeable Common Shares at the Conversion Price. Notwithstanding such election by the Issuer, the Noteholder shall have the right to convert the outstanding principal hereunder into Common Shares pursuant to Section 6(a), by notice otherwise given in accordance with Section 6 at any time prior to the completion of the Issuer-initiated settlement of the principal amount hereof pursuant to the Mandatory Conversion contemplated by this Section 6(b).
          (c) Mechanics of Conversion .
          (i) Such right of conversion shall be exercised by the Purchaser by delivering to the Issuer a conversion notice in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “ Conversion Notice ”), appropriately completed and duly signed, and by surrender not later than ten (10) business days thereafter of this Note. The Conversion Notice shall also contain a statement of the name or names (with addresses and applicable tax identification or social security numbers) in which the certificate or certificates for Common Shares shall be issued, if other than the name in which the Note in respect of which such conversion is taking place are registered. Promptly after the receipt of the Conversion Notice, the Issuer shall issue and deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Purchaser or such Purchaser’s nominee, a certificate or certificates for the number of Common Shares issuable upon such conversion. Such conversion shall be deemed to have been effected as of the close of business on the date of receipt by the Issuer of the Conversion Notice (the " Conversion Date ”), and the person or persons entitled to receive the Common Shares issuable upon conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the holder or holders of record of such Common Shares as of the close of business on the Conversion Date. If the Noteholder has not converted the entire amount of the Note pursuant to the Conversion Notice, then the Company shall execute and deliver to the Noteholder a new Note instrument identical in terms to this Note, but with a principal amount reflecting the unconverted portion of this Note. The new Note instrument shall be delivered subject to the same timing terms as the certificates for the Common Shares.
          (ii) The Issuer shall effect such issuance of Common Shares as soon as practicable after the Conversion Date and shall transmit the certificates by messenger or reputable overnight delivery service to the address designated by such holder. The person or persons entitled to receive the Common Shares issuable upon such conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such Common Shares at the close of business on the Conversion Date.
          (d) Adjustments to Conversion Price . The Conversion Price, and/or the number of Common Shares or successor securities issuable on conversion shall be appropriately adjusted in the manner and circumstances provided in Schedule “A” hereto.
          (e) Fractional Shares . Upon the conversion of this Note pursuant to this Section 6, fractional shares of Common Shares shall not be issued and the Noteholder shall be paid the cash equivalent instead.
          (f) Obligation of Issuer to Obtain Regulatory Approvals. In the event the Issuer is prohibited from issuing Common Shares pursuant to this Section 6 as a result of any restrictions or prohibitions under applicable law or the rules or regulations of any stock exchange, interdealer quotation system or other self-regulatory organization, the Issuer shall as

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soon as possible seek the approval of its shareholders and take such other action to authorize the issuance of the full number of Common Shares issuable upon exercise of conversion rights of the Noteholder.
     7.  Notices to Note Holders .
     7.1. Certificate as to Adjustments . Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment of the current Conversion Price, the Company, at its expense, shall promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the terms hereof and prepare and furnish to the Holder of this Note a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Company shall, upon the written request at any time of the Holder of this Note, furnish or cause to be furnished to such Holder a like certificate setting forth (i) such adjustments and readjustments, (ii) the current Conversion Price at the time in effect and (iii) the number of Common Shares and the amount, if any, or other property which at the time would be received upon the conversion of Notes owned by such Holder.
     7.2. Notice of Corporate Action . If at any time:
          (a) the Company shall take a record of the holders of its Common Shares for the purpose of entitling them to receive a dividend (other than a cash dividend payable out of earnings or earned surplus legally available for the payment of dividends under the laws of the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company) or other distribution, or any right to subscribe for or purchase any evidences of its indebtedness, any shares of stock of any class or any other securities or property, or to receive any other right, or
          (b) there shall be any capital reorganization of the Company, any reclassification or recapitalization of the capital of the Company or any consolidation or merger of the Company with, or any sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all the property, assets or business of the Company to, another corporation, or
          (c) there shall be a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company;
then, in any one or more of such cases, the Company shall give to the Holder (i) at least 20 days’ prior written notice of the date on which a record date shall be selected for such dividend, distribution or right or for determining rights to vote in respect of any such reorganization, reclassification, merger, consolidation, sale, transfer, disposition, dissolution, liquidation or winding up; and (ii) in the case of any such reorganization, reclassification, merger, consolidation, sale, transfer, disposition, dissolution, liquidation or winding up, at least 20 days’ prior written notice of the date when the same shall take place. Such notice in accordance with the foregoing clause also shall specify (i) the date on which any such record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution or right, the date on which the holders of Common Shares shall be entitled to any such dividend, distribution or right, and the amount and character thereof; and (ii) the date on which any such reorganization, reclassification, merger, consolidation, sale, transfer, disposition, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is to take place and the time, if any such time is to be fixed, as of which the holders of Common Shares shall be entitled to exchange their Common Shares for securities or other property deliverable upon such reorganization,

- 11 -


 

reclassification, merger, consolidation, sale, transfer, disposition, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. Each such written notice shall be sufficiently given if addressed to the Holder at the last address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company.
     7.3. No Rights as Shareholder . This Note does not entitle the Holder to any voting or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to conversion in accordance with the terms hereof.
     8.  No Impairment . The Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its articles of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Note, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of the Holder against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will, (a) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Common Shares upon the conversion of this Note; and (b) use its best efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof as may be necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Note. Upon the request of the Holder, the Company will at any time during the period this Note is outstanding acknowledge in writing, in form satisfactory to the Holder, the continuing validity of this Note and the obligations of the Company hereunder.
     9.  Reservation and Authorization of Common Shares; Registration With Approval of Any Governmental Authority . From and after the Closing Date, the Company shall at all times reserve and keep available for issue upon the conversion of Notes such number of its authorized but unissued Common Shares as will be sufficient to permit the conversion in full of all outstanding Notes. All Common Shares which shall be so issuable, when issued upon conversion of any Note in accordance with the terms of such Note, shall be duly and validly issued and fully paid and nonassessable, and not subject to preemptive rights. Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Common Shares for which this Note is convertible or in the current Conversion Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof. If any Common Shares required to be reserved for issuance upon conversion of Notes require registration or qualification with any governmental authority under any federal or state law before such shares may be so issued (other than as a result of a prior or contemplated distribution by the Holder of this Note), the Company will in good faith and as expeditiously as possible and at its expense endeavor to cause such shares to be duly registered.
     10.  Taking of Record; Stock and Warrant Transfer Books . In the case of all dividends or other distributions by the Company to the holders of its Common Shares with respect to which any provision of Section 1 of Schedule “A” refers to the taking of a record of such holders, the Company will in each such case take such a record and will take such record as of the close of business on a Business Day. The Company will not at any time, except upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, close its stock transfer books or Note transfer books so as to result in preventing or delaying the exercise or transfer of any Note.

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     11.  Liquidation Rights; No Restricted Payments .
          (a) In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Issuer, this Note shall be entitled to a claim in liquidation before participation by the holders of any debt subordinate hereto or of any capital stock of the Issuer. The amount of the claim in liquidation shall equal the cash amount to which the Noteholder would be entitled in the case of payment in cash. If upon such liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, the assets available for distribution among the holders of the Promissory Notes shall be insufficient to permit the payment of the full amounts of their claims in liquidation, then the entire assets of the Issuer to be distributed to the holders of the Promissory Notes shall be distributed pro-rata among the holders of the Promissory Notes based upon the amounts of their respective claims in liquidation.
          (b) Issuer shall not declare or make any Restricted Payments prior to conversion or payment in full of this Note.
     12.  Modification of Note . This Note may be modified with the written consent of the Issuer and the Holder.
     13.  Miscellaneous .
     (a) This Note shall be governed by and be construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of Alberta without regard to the conflicts of law rules of such Province. Each of the Issuer and Noteholder hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Province of Alberta, and any appellate court from any thereof, in respect of actions brought against it as a defendant, in any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Note, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action, suit or proceeding may be heard and determined in such courts. Provided, however, that the Noteholder shall be entitled to commence proceedings against the Issuer in such other jurisdiction as it considers advisable and the Issuer shall be deemed to have, in accordance with this Section 13, submitted to the jurisdiction of and waived protest of the forum for all purposes. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. The Issuer and the Noteholder hereto irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Note, or in any court referred to above. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action, suit or proceeding in any such court and waives any other right to which it may be entitled on account of its place of residence or domicile.
     (b) Issuer hereby waives presentment, demand, notice, protest and all other demands and notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance and enforcement of this Note, except as specifically provided herein, and assents to extensions of the time of payment, or forbearance or other indulgence without notice.

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     (c) The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. This Note contains the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede any prior agreements and understandings between the parties hereto with respect to such subject matter. The parties agree that this Note shall be deemed to have been jointly and equally drafting by them, and that the provisions of this Note therefore should not be construed against a party or parties on the grounds that such party or parties drafted or was more responsible for the drafting of any such provision(s).
      IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the Issuer has caused this Convertible Promissory Note to be duly executed as of the date first set forth above.
         
  GENOIL INC.
 
 
  By:      
    Name:      
    Title:      
 
  LIFSCHULTZ ENTERPRISES CO., LLC
 
 
  By:      
    Name:   David Lifschultz   
    Title:      
 

 


 

SCHEDULE “A”
ADJUSTMENTS
     1.  Adjustments . The number of Common Shares for which this Note is convertible, and the price at which such shares may be purchased upon conversion of this Note, shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as set forth in this Schedule. The Company shall give the Holder notice of any event described below which requires an adjustment pursuant to this Section 4.
     1.1. Stock Dividends, Subdivisions and Combinations . If at any time while this Note is outstanding the Company shall:
(i) declare a dividend or make a distribution on its outstanding Common Shares in Common Shares,
(ii) subdivide its outstanding Common Shares into a larger number of Common Shares, or
(iii) combine its outstanding Common Shares into a smaller number of Common Shares, then:
(1) the number of Common Shares acquirable upon exercise of this Note immediately after the occurrence of any such event shall be adjusted to equal the number of Common Shares which a record holder of the same number of Common Shares that would have been acquirable under this Note immediately prior to the record date for such dividend or distribution or the effective date of such subdivision or combination would own or be entitled to receive after such record date or the effective date of such subdivision or combination, as applicable, and
(2) the current Conversion Price shall be adjusted to equal:
(A) the current Conversion Price in effect at the time of the record date for such dividend or distribution or at the time of the effective date of such subdivision or combination, multiplied by the number of Common Shares into which this Note is convertible immediately prior to the adjustment, divided by
(B) the number of Common Shares into which this Note is convertible immediately after such adjustment.
     Any adjustment made pursuant to clause (i) of this Section 1.1 shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution, and any adjustment pursuant to clauses (ii) or (iii) of this Section 1.1 shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such subdivision or combination.
     1.2. Certain Other Distributions . If at any time while this Note is outstanding the Company shall cause the holders of its Common Shares to be entitled to receive any dividend or other distribution of:

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          (i) cash,
          (ii) any evidences of its indebtedness, any shares of any class or any other securities or property or assets of any nature whatsoever (other than cash or additional Common Shares as provided in Section 1.1 hereof), or
          (iii) any warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any evidences of its indebtedness, any shares of any class or any other securities or property or assets of any nature whatsoever, then:
          (1) the number of Common Shares acquirable upon conversion of this Note shall be adjusted to equal the product of the number of Common Shares acquirable upon conversion of this Note immediately prior to the record date for such dividend or distribution, multiplied by a fraction (a) the numerator of which shall be the current Conversion Price per Common Share at the date of taking such record (for greater certainty, prior to the adjustment contemplated by paragraph (2) below) and (b) the denominator of which shall be such current Conversion Price minus the amount allocable to one Common Share of any such cash so distributable and of the fair value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company) of any and all such evidences of indebtedness, shares, other securities or property or warrants or other subscription or purchase rights so distributable; and
          (2) the current Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the record date fixed for determination of shareholders entitled to receive such distribution shall be adjusted to equal (a) the current Conversion Price multiplied by the number of Common Shares acquirable upon conversion of this Note immediately prior to the adjustment, divided by (b) the number of Common Shares acquirable upon conversion of this Note immediately after such adjustment.
A reclassification of the Common Shares into Common Shares and shares of any other class of stock shall be deemed a distribution by the Company to the holders of its Common Shares of such shares of such other class of stock within the meaning of this Section 1.2 and, if the outstanding Common Shares shall be changed into a larger or smaller number of Common Shares as a part of such reclassification, such change shall be deemed a subdivision or combination, as the case may be, of the outstanding Common Shares within the meaning of Section 1.1.
1.3. Issuance of Additional Common Shares .
          (i) If at any time while this Note is outstanding the Company shall issue or sell any Additional Common Shares in exchange for no consideration or for consideration in an amount per Additional Common Share less than Cdn.$0.44 (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends and the like) at the time the Additional Common Shares are issued or sold, then:
          (A) the current Conversion Price immediately prior to such issue or sale shall be reduced to a price determined by dividing

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          (1) an amount equal to the sum of (a) the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately prior to such issue or sale multiplied by the then existing current Conversion Price, plus (b) the consideration, if any, received by the Company upon such issue or sale, by
          (2) the total number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after such issue or sale; and
          (B) the number of Common Shares acquirable upon conversion of this Note shall be adjusted to equal the amount obtained by
          (1) multiplying the current Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such issue or sale by the number of Common Shares acquirable upon conversion of this Note immediately prior to such issue or sale and
          (2) dividing the product thereof by the current Conversion Price resulting from the adjustment made pursuant to clause (A).
          (ii) The provisions of paragraph 1.3(i) shall not apply to any issuance of additional Common Shares for which an adjustment is provided under Section 1.1 or 1.2. No adjustment of the number of Common Shares acquirable upon conversion of this Note shall be made under paragraph 1.3(i) upon the issuance of any additional Common Shares which are issued pursuant to the conversion of any Notes or other subscription or purchase rights or pursuant to the exercise of any conversion or exchange rights in any convertible securities, if any such adjustment shall previously have been made upon the issuance of such Notes or other rights or upon the issuance of such convertible securities (or upon the issuance of any warrant or other rights therefor) pursuant to Section 1.4.
     1.4. Issuance of Common Share Equivalents . If at any time while this Note is outstanding the Company shall issue or sell any warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any additional Common Shares or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares (other than the Additional Common Shares) (collectively, “ Common Share Equivalents ”), whether or not the rights to exchange or convert thereunder are immediately exercisable, and the effective price per share for which Common Shares is issuable upon the exercise, exchange or conversion of such Common Share Equivalents shall be less than the current Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the time of such issue or sale, then the number of Common Shares acquirable upon the conversion of this Note and the current Conversion Price shall be adjusted as provided in Section 1.3 on the basis that the maximum number of additional Common Shares issuable pursuant to all such Common Share Equivalents shall be deemed to have been issued and outstanding and the Company shall have received all of the consideration payable therefor, if any, as of the date of the actual issuance of such Common Share Equivalents. No further adjustments to the current Conversion Price shall be made under this Section 1.4 upon the actual issue of such Common Shares upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of such Common Share Equivalents.

A - 3


 

     1.5. Superseding Adjustment .
          (i) If, at any time after any adjustment of the number of Common Shares into which this Note is convertible and the current Conversion Price shall have been made pursuant to Section 1.4 as the result of any issuance of Common Share Equivalents, (a) the right to exercise, convert or exchange all or a portion of such Common Share Equivalents shall expire unexercised, or (b) the conversion rate or consideration per share for which Common Shares are issuable pursuant to such Common Share Equivalents shall be increased solely by virtue of provisions therein contained for an automatic increase in such conversion rate or consideration per share upon the occurrence of a specified date or event, then any such previous adjustments to the current Conversion Price and the number of Common Shares for which this Note is convertible shall be rescinded and annulled and the additional Common Shares which were deemed to have been issued by virtue of the computation made in connection with the adjustment so rescinded and annulled shall no longer be deemed to have been issued by virtue of such computation.
          (ii) Upon the occurrence of an event set forth in Section 1.5(i) above there shall be a recomputation made of the effect of such Common Share Equivalents on the basis of: (i) treating the number of additional Common Shares or other property, if any, theretofore actually issued or issuable pursuant to the previous exercise, conversion or exchange of such Common Share Equivalents, as having been issued on the date or dates of any such exercise, conversion or exchange and for the consideration actually received and receivable therefor, and (ii) treating any such Common Share Equivalents which then remain outstanding as having been granted or issued immediately after the time of such increase of the conversion rate or consideration per share for which Common Shares or other property are issuable under such Common Share Equivalents; whereupon a new adjustment to the number of Common Shares for which this Note is convertible and the current Conversion Price shall be made, which new adjustment shall supersede the previous adjustment so rescinded and annulled.
          (iii) Provided, however, that notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 1.5, no superceding adjustment shall affect, or require the re-computation or entitlements, refund of monies, return or cancellation of shares or other such conveyances, transfers and settlements, with respect to any conversions of this Note that have been completed prior to the event giving rise to the superceding adjustment.
     1.6. Other Provisions Applicable to Adjustments . The following provisions shall be applicable to the making of adjustments of the number of Common Shares into which this Note is convertible and the current Conversion Price provided for in Section 1:
          (a) When Adjustments to Be Made . The adjustments required by Section 1 shall be made whenever and as often as any specified event requiring an adjustment shall occur, except that any that would otherwise be required may be postponed (except in the case of a subdivision or combination of shares of the Common Shares, as provided for in Section 1.1) up to, but not beyond the date of exercise if such adjustment either by itself or with other adjustments not previously made adds or subtracts less than 1% of the Common Shares into which this Note is convertible immediately prior to the making of such adjustment. Any adjustment representing a change of less than such minimum amount (except as aforesaid) which is postponed shall be carried forward and made as soon as such adjustment, together with other

A - 4


 

adjustments required by this Section 1 and not previously made, would result in a minimum adjustment, or otherwise on the date of exercise. For the purpose of any adjustment, any specified event shall be deemed to have occurred at the close of business on the date of its occurrence.
          (b) Fractional Interests . In computing adjustments under this Section 1, fractional interests in Common Shares shall be taken into account to the nearest 1/100th of a share.
          (c) When Adjustment Not Required . If the Company undertakes a transaction contemplated under this Section 1 and as a result takes a record of the holders of its Common Shares for the purpose of entitling them to receive a dividend or distribution or subscription or purchase rights or other benefits contemplated under this Section 1 and shall, thereafter and before the distribution to shareholders thereof, legally abandon its plan to pay or deliver such dividend, distribution, subscription or purchase rights or other benefits contemplated under this Section 1, then thereafter no adjustment shall be required by reason of the taking of such record and any such adjustment previously made in respect thereof shall be rescinded and annulled.
          (d) Escrow of Stock . If after any property becomes distributable pursuant to Section 1 by reason of the taking of any record of the holders of Common Shares, but prior to the occurrence of the event for which such record is taken, a holder of this Note converts the Note during such time, then such holder shall continue to be entitled to receive any Common Shares issuable upon conversion hereunder by reason of such adjustment and such shares or other property shall be held in escrow for the holder of this Note by the Company to be issued to holder of this Note upon and to the extent that the event actually takes place. Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary herein, if the event for which such record was taken fails to occur or is rescinded, then such escrowed shares shall be canceled by the Company and escrowed property returned to the Company.
     1.7. Reorganization, Reclassification, Merger, Consolidation or Disposition of Assets .
          (a) If there shall occur a Change of Control and if pursuant to the terms of such Change of Control, Common Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation, or any cash, shares of stock or other securities or property of any nature whatsoever (including warrants or other subscription or purchase rights) in addition to or in lieu of Common Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation (“ Other Property ”), are to be received by or distributed to the holders of Common Shares of the Company, then the Holder of this Note shall have the right thereafter to receive, upon the conversion of the Note, the number of Common Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and the Other Property receivable upon or as a result of such Change of Control by a holder of the number of Common Shares into which this Note is convertible immediately prior to such event.
          (b) In case of any such Change of Control described above, the successor or acquiring corporation (if other than the Company) and, if an entity different from the successor or surviving entity, the entity whose capital stock or assets the holders of Common Shares of the Company are entitled to receive as a result of such transaction, shall expressly assume the due and punctual observance and performance of each and every covenant and condition of the Company contained in this Note to be performed and observed by the Company and all the

A - 5


 

obligations and liabilities hereunder, subject to such modifications as may be deemed appropriate (as determined by resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company) in order to provide for adjustments of the Common Shares into which this Note is convertible which shall be as nearly equivalent as practicable to the adjustments provided for in Section 1. For purposes of Section 1, Common Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation shall include shares of such corporation of any class which is not preferred as to dividends or assets on liquidation over any other class of shares of such corporation and which is not subject to redemption and shall also include any evidences of indebtedness, shares or other securities which are convertible into or exchangeable for any such shares, either immediately or upon the arrival of a specified date or the happening of a specified event and any warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any such shares. The foregoing provisions of this Section 1 shall similarly apply to successive Change of Control transactions.
     1.8. Other Action Affecting Common Shares . In case at any time or from time to time the Company shall take any action in respect of its Common Shares, other than the payment of dividends permitted by Section 1 or any other action described in Section 1, then, unless such action will not have a materially adverse effect upon the rights of the holder of this Note, the number of Common Shares or other stock into which this Note is convertible and/or the purchase price thereof shall be adjusted in such manner as may be equitable in the circumstances.
     1.9. Stock Transfer Taxes . The issue of stock certificates upon conversion of this Note shall be made without charge to the holder for any tax in respect of such issue. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares in any name other than that of the holder of this Note, and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any such stock certificate unless and until the person or persons requesting the issue thereof shall have paid to the Company the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

A - 6


 

EXHIBIT A
FORM OF CONVERSION NOTICE
(To be executed by the registered Holder in order to convert the Note)
The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to convert the Convertible Promissory Note (the “Note”) of Genoil Inc., a corporation governed by the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “Corporation”), due July 24, 2006 held by the undersigned into Common Shares, according to the terms and conditions of the Note and the conditions hereof, as of the date written below. The undersigned hereby requests that certificates for the Common Shares to be issued to the undersigned pursuant to this Conversion Notice be issued in the name of, and delivered to, the undersigned or its designee as indicated below. If the Common Shares are to be issued in the name of a person other than the undersigned, the undersigned will pay all transfer taxes payable with respect thereto. A copy of the Note being converted is attached hereto (and the original Note shall be transmitted to the Corporation pursuant to the terms thereof). All capitalized terms used in this Conversion Notice, but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned in the Note.
 
Date of Conversion (Date of Notice)
 
Principal Amount of Note to be Converted
 
Principal Amount of Note not to be Converted (Principal Amount Remaining after Conversion)
 
Amount of accumulated and unpaid interest on principal amount of Note to be converted
 
Number of Common Shares to be Issued (including, if applicable, conversion of accrued but unpaid interest on Notes to be Converted)
 
Applicable Conversion Value
Conversion Information:[NAME OF HOLDER]
     
 
   
 
   
Address of Holder:
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   

EA - 1


 

Issue Common Shares to (if different than above):
Name:                                                                                                         
Address:                                                                                    
                                                                                   
Tax ID #:                                                               
         
     
Name of Holder    
 
       
By:
       
Name:
 
 
   
Title:
       

EA - 2

 

Exhibit 5

SUMMARY OF PATENT APPLICATIONS/ PATENTS
FOR GENOIL INC.
Title: DESANDING SYSTEM FOR OIL TANKS
Date: May, 2006
                     
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN. SR. NO.   FILING DATE   PATENT NO AND DATE   ACTION AND COST
9561-5
Sim & McBurney
  U.S.A.   09/028,905   Feb 24/98   6,125,865
Oct 3/00
  Maintenance fee # 2 Apr 3/08
Approx Cost US$1,415.00
Title: JET PUMP TREATMENT OF HEAVY OIL PRODUCTION SAND
Date: May, 2006
                             
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN. SR. NO.   FILING DATE   PATENT NO AND DATE   ACTION AND COST
9561-6
  U.S.A.  
 09/151,510
  Sept 11/98     6,074,549     Maintenance fee # 2 Dec 13/07
Sim & McBurney
                  Jun 13/00     Approx Cost US$1, 415.00
9561-42
  U.S.A.  
 09/622,631
  Aug 17/00     6,527,960     Maintenance Fee #1 Sep 4/06
Sim & McBurney
      (2,229,970 priority)       March 4, 03   Approx Cost US$645.00
9561-43
  Canada  
2,319,566
  Feb 17/99     2,319,566     To be Abandoned
Sim & McBurney
      (2,229,970 priority)       Apr 20/04      
Title: PROCESS FOR UPGRADING CRUDE OIL USING HYDROGEN IN A SPECIALLY DESIGNED UNIT
Date: May, 2006
                     
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN. SR. NO.   FILING DATE   PATENT NO AND DATE   ACTION AND COST
9561-12
Sim & McBurney
  Venezuela   1999-001983
(2249051 priority)
  Sep 29/99        
9561-13
Sim & McBurney
  Peru   000980.99
(2249051 priority)
  Sep 28/99   3252
Oct 31, 03
  Annuity – Sep 28/06
Approx Cost $360.00

 


 

Title: PROCESS FOR TREATING CRUDE OIL USING HYDROGEN IN A SPECIAL UNIT
Date: May, 2006
                     
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN. SR. NO.   FILING DATE   PATENT NO AND DATE   ACTION AND COST
9561-47
Sim & McBurney
  Brazil   PI9914129-9
(2249051 priority
  Sept 29/99       Annuity – Dec 29/06
Approx Cost $610.00
G347-003
Oyen Wiggs
  Canada
Patent Cooperation Treaty
  2306069
(2249051
Priority Sept 29/98)
  Sept 29/99       Pending
 
               
G347-005
Oyen Wiggs
  Europe
Patent Cooperation Treaty
  99945823-5
(Priority 2249051 Sept 29/98)
  Sept 29/99       Pending
G347-006
Oyen Wiggs
  United States
Patent Cooperation Treaty
  09/529438
(Priority 2249051 Sept 29/98)
  Sept 29/99   7001502
Feb 21/06
  Granted
Title: APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REMOVING FINES FROM OIL TANKS
Date: May, 2006
                     
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN. SR. NO.   FILING DATE   PATENT NO AND DATE   ACTION AND COST
9561-27
Sim & McBurney
  U.S.A.   09/548,775
(60/129,629 priority)
  Apr 13/00   6,588,601

July 8/03
  Maintenance Fee #1 Jan 8/07
Approx Cost US$645.00
9561-28
Sim & McBurney
  Venezuela   2000-000803
(60/129,629 priority)
  April 14/00       To be Abandoned
Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING FOUR IMMISCIBLE PHASES WITH DIFFERENT DENSITIES

 


 

                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN. SR. NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
G347-0001
  Unites States   60/463786   April 18/03       EXPIRED
Oyen Wiggs
  Provisional                
Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING IMMISCIBLE PHASES WITH DIFFERENT DENSITIES (Diamond)
                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
G347-002
Oyen Wiggs
  Unites States
(60/463786 Priority April
18/03)
Ordinary filing
  10/826385   April 19/04   7014756 March 21/06   Granted
Expiration date Aug 11, 2024
Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING FLUIDS INTO A HYDROCRACKING REACTOR
                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
G347-007
Oyen Wiggs
  United States
Ordinary filing
  11/312578   Dec 21/05       Pending
Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WASHING PARTICULATE MATTER
                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
G347-008
Oyen Wiggs
  United States
Ordinary filing
  11/278112   Mar 30/06       Pending

 


 

Title: FILTERLESS MULTI-STAGE APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SEPARATING IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS (Crystal)
                         
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   PATENT NO AND DATE   ACTION AND COST
G347-004
Oyen Wiggs
  Canada
Ordinary filing
    2243142     July 10/98   2243142 April 13/04   Granted Expiry July 10, 2018
Title: REACTOR FOR WASHING PARTICULATE MATTER
                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
G347-0009
  United States
Ordinary Filing
  11/278119   Mar 30/06       Pending
Title: HYDROCYCLONE
                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
Patents Canada
  US           5,965,021
Oct 12/99
  Maintenance fee due Apr 12/07 Question as to ownership (Velox)
Title: APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING FLUIDS FROM OIL WELLS (AKA MAXIS TECHNOLOGY)
                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
Patents Canada
  Unites States   10/970,010 application   Oct 22/04       First examination of application approx Dec/06. Owner – Genoil Numerous foreign patent applications were filed based on this us application. They are all in the name of Genoil, all claim priority from the us application, all are currently pending

 


 

                     
                PATENT NO AND    
OUR REF   COUNTRY   APPLN.SR.NO.   FILING DATE   DATE   ACTION AND COST
Patents Canada
  Eurasian (EAPO)   200401602   Dec 30/04       Application has been allowed and patent should issue shortly
Patents Canada
      PCT/CA205/001630   Oct 21/05       This patent application provides the option of pursuing patent protection in over 100 jurisdictions world wide by Apr 22/07
Patents
  Argentina   P050104425   Oct 21/05        
Patents Canada
  Bangladesh   252/2005   Oct 19/05        
Patents Canada
  Saudi Ariabia, UAE,   GCC/P/2005/5288   Oct 22/05        
 
  Kuwait, Bahrain,                
    Qatar and Oman                
Patents Canada
  Malaysia   PI 20054946   Oct 21/05        
Patents Canada
  Pakistan   1011/2005   Oct 20/05        
Patents Canada
  Venezuela   2005-2156   Oct 21/05        
Patents Canada
  Angola   806   Oct 19/05        

 

 

Exhibit 11
GENOIL INC.
CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT
1.   Policies:
  (a)   General:
  (i)   The activities of Genoil Inc. (the “ Corporation ”) involve and affect a multitude of parties. The Corporation’s operations require the cooperation and continued goodwill of business partners, shareholders, governments and other agencies. It is essential that the Corporation’s contacts and dealings in carrying out these activities are, and are perceived to be, honest, fair and courteous with due regard to the protection of the other interests involved. These policies outline the Corporation’s expectations as to how employees, consultants, officers and directors are to conduct business;
 
  (ii)   The Corporation is committed to conducting its affairs in accordance with the applicable laws of all jurisdictions in which it does business. All employees, consultants, officers and directors must comply with the laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which the Corporation operates and must comply with the requirements of applicable securities regulatory authorities and stock exchanges;
 
  (iii)   The Corporation expects its employees, consultants, officers and directors to avoid unethical behaviour in its business dealings, whether actual or perceived, even in situations where no law has been violated;
 
  (iv)   Each employee, consultant, officer and director must undertake to limit, to the extent reasonably practicable, any conflict between his or her personal interest and the interests of the Corporation;
 
  (v)   Each employee, consultant, officer and director must comply with the Corporation’s accounting regulations, policies, procedures and related controls. All accounts must properly describe and accurately reflect the transactions recorded and all assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses must be properly recorded and fully disclosed in the Corporation’s accounting records;
 
  (vi)   Employees and officers responsible for financial and other disclosures must ensure that the Corporation makes full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that are filed with or submitted to regulatory bodies and in other public communications;
 
  (vii)   Effectiveness in occupational health, safety and environmental standards is an essential part of achieving efficiency and profitability in the petroleum technology development business. The Corporation strives to


 

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      achieve continuous improvement in these areas and is guided by the principles of creating a safe working environment, working to minimize the environmental impacts of its activities, and working cooperatively and transparently with local communities with respect to the Corporation’s health, safety and environmental activities. As well, the Corporation is committed to regular review and reporting of environmental and safety performance and prompt and effective response to environmental and safety risks concerns; and
 
  (viii)   Any communications with securityholders and potential investors are to be made by the Chief Executive Officer or their designate. Any securityholder or potential investor question or concern should be directed to the Chief Executive Officer or their designate. Employees should not participate in internet chat rooms regarding the Corporation.
  (b)   Conflict of Interest:
          No employee, consultant, officer or director shall engage in any activity which could give rise to, or could be perceived to give rise to, a conflict between the interests of the employee, consultant, officer or director and the interests of the Corporation unless previously approved by the Corporation’s board of directors (the “ Board of Directors ”). All employees, officers, consultants and directors must adhere to any policies adopted in this regard.
          If any employee, consultant or officer believes that he/she may have a personal interest which could be construed or perceived by others to be in conflict with their position as an employee, consultant or officer, he/she shall disclose such interest to the Chief Executive Officer for direction. If a director believes that he/she may have a personal interest which could be construed or perceived by others to be in conflict with their position as a director, he/she shall disclose such interest to the Board of Directors for direction.
  (c)   Corporate Opportunities:
          All employees, consultants, officers and directors are prohibited from taking opportunities discovered through the use of the Corporation’s property, information or position, using the Corporation’s property, information or position for personal gain, and competing with the Corporation.
  (d)   Use and Disclosure of Confidential Information:
          No employee, consultant, officer or director shall disclose Confidential Information obtained in the conduct of the Corporation’s business to anyone other than authorized employees of the Corporation or regulatory authorities entitled to such information. “ Confidential Information ” includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or harmful to the Corporation or its customers, if disclosed.


 

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          Further, no Confidential Information concerning the Corporation’s plans or operations which has not been released to the general public shall be used by an employee, consultant, officer or director for his or her own benefit or disclosed to others.
          It is a serious breach of the Corporation’s policy, and securities laws generally, for anyone to trade in the common shares or other securities of the Corporation when in possession of information obtained by the employee (“ Inside Information ”), which has not been publicly disclosed and, if generally known, might reasonably be expected to materially affect the value of such shares or other securities. This prohibition on the trading in the Corporation’s securities when in possession of Inside Information also includes any granting, pricing or exercise of stock options prior to such information being generally disclosed.
          Since Inside Information may also have a material effect on the market price of securities of companies with which the Corporation is dealing, anyone possessing such information must not trade in the securities of those companies until the information has been effectively disclosed to the public, and the public has had sufficient time to evaluate it.
  (e)   Political Contributions:
          No funds or assets of the Corporation shall be contributed to any political party or organization or to any individual who holds, or is a candidate for, public office. This policy is not intended to discourage or to prevent any employee from engaging in political activities in an individual capacity on personal time and at personal expense.
  (f)   Gifts and Other Payments:
          No person may give to outside companies or individuals, or accept from them, any material gift or extravagant entertainment or any similar benefit. A material gift is one of such value that it would appear to an objective observer to constitute a personal enrichment for the recipient or that it could be a factor in influencing that person’s behaviour.
  (g)   Software:
          Purchased software packages usually have copyright or other rights protection. No employee should copy or use copied software which would constitute an infringement of the vendor’s rights. It is also unacceptable to introduce unauthorized software into the Corporation’s systems. The Corporation will purchase all software for employees’ usage in performing tasks required by the Corporation. Should there be any doubt as to possible software copyright infringement, the employee shall contact the Chief Executive Officer for direction.
  (h)   Proprietary Data Including Inventions:
  (i)   The employment relationship between the Corporation and each employee, and the continuing viability of the Corporation, require a conscientious effort by every employee to improve productivity, modify processes and procedures, and to develop new systems, devices, methods,


 

 - 4 -
      trademarks, concepts, etc. Having provided the employee with that objective, together with the appropriate financing, staff, consulting advice, material, Confidential Information, etc., the Corporation is the beneficial owner of the results of all such efforts arising from and relating to the Corporation’s business. Accordingly, Proprietary Information which an employee obtains, prepares or develops, either alone or in conjunction with others, while in the employment of the Corporation and relating to the Corporation’s business or operations, is the exclusive property of the Corporation;
 
  (ii)   Proprietary Information ” includes reports, analyses, intellectual property (including patentable ideas, trademarks, copyright material, and industrial designs), charts, drawings, computer software (including enhancements of existing software), electronic mail and other documents and Confidential Information prepared by the Corporation’s personnel or for the Corporation relating to the Corporation’s business. Proprietary Information does not include any information in the public domain or information in the possession of the employee prior to his/her employment with the Corporation; and
 
  (iii)   Additionally in the event of termination for any reason, the terminated individual may be required to immediately deliver all of the above information to the Corporation.
  (i)   Trading in Securities by Employees, Consultants, Officers and Directors:
  (i)   The purpose of this policy is to be compliant with securities laws governing trading in securities of the Corporation, while in possession of material non-public information regarding the Corporation and tipping or disclosing material non-public information to outsiders and avoidance of embarrassment by preventing the appearance of improper trading or tipping;
 
  (ii)   This policy covers all employees, consultants, officers and directors of the Corporation. Employees, consultants, officers and directors are responsible for ensuring compliance by other members of their family. This policy applies not only to the securities of the Corporation which an employee, consultant, officer or director owns, but also to those over which control or direction is exercised by such employee, consultant, officer or director;
 
  (iii)   This policy applies to any transactions in any securities of the Corporation including pricing and granting of stock options;
 
  (iv)   Insiders are defined as officers and directors of the Corporation for purposes of this policy. Insiders should contact the Chief Executive Officer when considering a transaction in securities of the Corporation to be satisfied that there is no material non-public information which has not


 

  - 5 -
      been widely disseminated. The responsibility for compliance with insider reporting obligations to the securities administrators rests with the insiders;
 
  (v)   Information will be considered non-public until the close of trading on the first full trading day following public release of such information;
 
  (vi)   No insider, employee or consultant may trade in securities of the Corporation while in possession of material non-public information;
 
  (vii)   No insider, employee or consultant may trade in securities of the Corporation outside of trading windows described below or during any designated special trading blackout period;
 
  (viii)   No insider, employee or consultant may disclose material non-public information concerning the Corporation to any outside person (including family members) unless necessary in the course of business. In any instance where such information is disclosed to an outsider, the outsider should be advised that they must not disclose the information to anyone else and they may not trade in securities of the Corporation until the information has generally been disclosed;
 
  (ix)   Insiders may trade in securities of the Corporation only during the period beginning after the close of business on the day that is one day following public release of quarterly or year end financial results. No insider may trade in securities of the Corporation during the 10 calendar days prior to a regularly scheduled Board or Audit Committee meeting to approve financial statements or results;
 
  (x)   Employees and consultants should not trade in securities of the Corporation on the day that a press release is issued by the Corporation; and
 
  (xi)   The foregoing trading restrictions are in addition to the prohibition against trading while in possession of inside information set forth above in “Use and Disclosure of Confidential Information”.
2.   Compliance:
 
    The Corporation is responsible for the distribution and acknowledgement of a copy of these policies to every existing employee in their respective department and to establish such further procedures as deemed appropriate to monitor compliance.
 
    Each new employee shall acknowledge in writing, substantially in the form of the Acknowledgement attached hereto, receiving a copy of and reading this “Code of Business Conduct”, and shall comply with its provisions as a term of his or her employment.


 

 - 6 -
    A violation of this statement of policies will result in disciplinary action and could result in dismissal for cause.
 
    If a question arises with regard to the interpretation or application of this statement of policies, any employee should consult the employee’s supervisor, department head, or senior management.
 
    The Corporation requires that you promptly report any observed breaches of these policies to any member of the management team or directly to the Chief Executive Officer. In addition, any employee who has a complaint regarding questionable accounting practices may make a submission to the Audit Committee of the Company. Confidentiality and anonymity will be provided for any employees making a complaint in this manner.
 
    The Board of Directors must approve any waiver of any of the provisions of these policies for a director or an officer. Material departures from these policies by a director or an officer will have to be disclosed to shareholders through a material change report filed on SEDAR.


 

- 7 -
FORM OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Genoil Inc.
510, 703 – 6 th Ave SW
Calgary, AB T2P 0T9
I acknowledge that I have received a copy of and have read and understand Genoil Inc.’s Code of Business Conduct (the “ Policy ”).
I agree to comply with the provisions of this Policy as a term and condition of my employment/appointment with the Corporation.
 
     
 
Name (Please Print)
   
 
   
 
   
Signature
  Witness
 
   
 
Date
   

 

 

Exhibit 12.1
CERTIFICATION
I, David K. Lifschultz, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Genoil Inc.;
 
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.   The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a015(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
  (a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  (c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusion about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  (d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  (a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  (b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: July 13 th , 2006
         
 
  /s/ David K. Lifschultz
 
               David K. Lifschultz
   
 
            Chief Executive Officer    

 

Exhibit 12.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Kirk Morgan, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Genoil Inc.;
 
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.   The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a015(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
  (a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  (c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusion about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  (d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  (a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  (b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: June 28 th , 2006
     
 
  /s/ Kirk Morgan
 
   
 
  Kirk Morgan
 
  Chief Financial Officer

 

 

Exhibit 13.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Genoil Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), that I, David K. Lifschultz, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Rule 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
2.   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
DATED: July 13 th , 2006
         
By:
  /s/ David K. Lifschultz    
 
       
 
  David K. Lifschultz, Chairman and    
 
  Chief Executive Officer    
 
  Genoil Inc.    

 

 

Exhibit 13.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Genoil Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), that I, Kirk Morgan, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Rule 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
2.   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
DATED: July 13 th , 2006
         
By:
  /s/ Kirk Morgan    
 
       
 
  Kirk Morgan    
 
  Chief Financial Officer    
 
  Genoil Inc.