As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2017
1933 Act File No. 033-11387
1940 Act File No. 811-04984
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | [ X ] | ||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | [ ] | ||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 288 | [ X ] | ||
and/or | |||
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | [ X ] | ||
Amendment No. 289 | [ X ] | ||
(Check appropriate box or boxes.) | |||
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code: (817) 391-6100
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
[ ] | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
[ X ] | on April 28, 2017 pursuant to paragraph (b) |
[ ] | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
[ ] | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
[ ] | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
[ ] | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 |
If appropriate, check the following box:
[ ] | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
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American Beacon |
PROSPECTUS
April 28, 2017
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Share Class |
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C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
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American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
AHLAX |
AHLCX |
AHLYX |
AHLIX |
AHLPX |
This Prospectus contains important information you should know about investing, including information about risks. Please read it before you invest and keep it for future reference.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of the prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Additional Information About Investment Policies and Strategies |
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Back Cover
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American Beacon
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Investment Objective
The Fund's investment objective is capital growth.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 19 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 32 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
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Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
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Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.05% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.30%.
3 The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares, as applicable, through April 30, 2018 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.94% for the A Class, 2.69% for the C Class, 1.64% for the Y Class, 1.54% for the Institutional Class and 1.92% for the Investor Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the lesser of the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or the time of the recoupment.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same except that this example reflects the fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement for each share class through April 30, 2018. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
A |
$761 |
$1,218 |
$1,700 |
$3,024 |
C |
$372 |
$906 |
$1,566 |
$3,331 |
Y |
$167 |
$587 |
$1,032 |
$2,269 |
Institutional |
$157 |
$562 |
$993 |
$2,194 |
Investor |
$195 |
$647 |
$1,125 |
$2,446 |
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$272 |
$906 |
$1,566 |
$3,331 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate for the Fund's most recent fiscal year is not provided because the Fund did not invest in any long-term securities during the reporting period.
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
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Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by implementing a quantitative trading strategy and systematic investment process designed to capitalize on price trends (up and/or down) in a broad range of global markets including stock indices, bonds and bond futures, currency and currency futures, and interest rates by utilizing derivative instruments. As the owner of a "long" position in a derivative instrument, the Fund may benefit from an increase in the price of the underlying investment and, as the owner of a "short" position, the Fund may benefit from a decrease in the price of the underlying investment.
The Fund invests primarily in futures, bonds, currency, options and forward contracts. The Fund also may invest in warrants, swaps and other types of derivative instruments linked to stock indices, currencies, bonds, interest rates and commodity instruments. In connection with the Fund's use of derivatives, the Fund also holds significant amounts of U.S. Treasury securities, or short-term investments, including money market funds, cash and time deposits in order to meet applicable asset coverage requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). The Fund's investments are generally made without restriction as to issuer market capitalization, country, currency, maturity or credit rating. The Fund may invest in below investment grade securities, which are commonly referred to as "junk bonds" and in issuers in the U.S. and foreign developed and emerging markets.
The Fund seeks to gain exposure to the commodity futures markets by investing up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly-owned subsidiary, which is organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the "Subsidiary"). Generally, the Subsidiary invests primarily in commodity futures, but it may also invest in financial futures and forwards, options and swap contracts, fixed income securities, pooled investment vehicles, including open-end investment companies and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), and other investments intended to serve as margin or collateral for the Subsidiary's derivative positions. The Fund invests in the Subsidiary in order to gain exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of the federal tax law, rules and regulations that apply to "regulated investment companies." Unlike the Fund, the Subsidiary may invest without limitation in commodity-linked derivatives, however, the Subsidiary and the Fund, in the aggregate, comply with applicable 1940 Act asset coverage requirements with respect to their total investments in commodity-linked derivatives. In addition, the Fund and the Subsidiary comply with the same fundamental investment restrictions on an aggregate basis and the Subsidiary follows the same compliance policies and procedures as the Fund to the extent those restrictions, policies and procedures are applicable to the investment activities of the Subsidiary. Unlike the Fund, the Subsidiary does not, and will not, seek to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Subchapter M"). The Fund is the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary and does not expect shares of the Subsidiary to be offered or sold to other investors.
The sub-advisor employs computerized processes to identify investment opportunities across a wide range of markets around the world. Investment decisions are executed via the sub-advisor's proprietary execution strategy. The investment decision process is quantitative and primarily directional in nature, meaning that investment decisions are driven by mathematical models based on market trends and other historical relationships. It is underpinned by risk control, ongoing research, diversification and the quest for efficiency. The Fund's holdings may be frequently adjusted to reflect the sub-advisor's assessment of changing risks, which could result in high portfolio turnover.
The cornerstone of the sub-advisor's investment philosophy is that the financial markets exhibit trends and other inefficiencies. Trends are a manifestation of serial correlation in financial markets — the phenomenon whereby past price movements influence price behavior. Although price trends vary in their intensity, duration and frequency they typically recur across sectors and markets. Trends are an attractive focus for active trading styles applied across a range of global markets. In implementing its investment program, the Fund may hold significant cash positions from time to time. Accordingly, the sub-advisor will make investment decisions for cash management purposes. Such arrangements may include entering into repurchase agreements or investing in cash equivalents.
The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it is not limited to a percentage of assets that it may invest in any one issuer.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Allocation Risk
The sub-advisor's judgments about, and allocations among, asset classes and market exposures may adversely affect the Fund's
performance. This risk may be increased by the use of derivatives to increase allocations to various market exposures.
Asset Selection Risk
Assets selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. The sub-advisor's investment
models may rely in part on data derived from third parties and may not perform as intended. This could result in the Fund's
underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Commodities Risk
The Fund's investments in commodity-linked derivative instruments may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments
in traditional securities. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be affected by changes in overall market
movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity,
such as changes in supply and demand, drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, war, acts of terrorism
and international economic, political and regulatory developments. The Fund and the Subsidiary each may concentrate its assets
in a particular sector of the commodities market (such as oil, metal or agricultural products). As a result, the Fund and
the Subsidiary may be more susceptible to risks associated with those sectors. The Fund's investments in commodity-related
instruments may lead to losses in excess of the Fund's investment in such products. Such losses can significantly and adversely
affect the net asset value per share ("NAV") of the Fund and, consequently, a shareholder's interest in the Fund.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that a party or participant to a transaction, such as a broker or derivative counterparty,
will be unwilling or unable to satisfy its obligation to make timely principal, interest or settlement payments or to otherwise
honor its obligations to the Fund.
Credit Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives contract
or a loan will fail to make timely payment of interest or principal or otherwise honor its obligations or default completely.
Credit risk is typically greater for securities with ratings that are below investment grade (commonly referred to as "junk
bonds.").
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Prospectus – Fund Summary |
Crowding/Convergence Risk
There is significant competition among quantitatively-focused managers and the ability of the sub-advisor to deliver returns
that have a low correlation with global aggregate equity markets and other funds is dependent on their ability to employ models
that are simultaneously profitable and differentiated from those employed by other managers. To the extent that the sub-advisor
is not able to develop sufficiently differentiated models the Fund's investment objective may not be met, irrespective of
whether the models are profitable in an absolute sense.
Currency Risk
The Fund may have exposure to foreign currencies by making direct investments in non-U.S. currencies or in securities denominated
in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency exchange contracts in non-U.S. currencies, including both non-deliverable
forwards ("NDFs") and deliverable forwards, non-U.S. currency futures contracts, options (including non-deliverable options
("NDOs") on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures) and swaps for cross-currency transaction. Foreign currencies
will fluctuate, and may decline, in value relative to the U.S. dollar and other currencies and thereby affect the Fund's investments
in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure
to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Derivatives Risk
Derivatives may involve significant risk. The use of derivative instruments may expose the Fund to additional risks that
it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities or other instruments underlying those derivatives, including
the high degree of leverage often embedded in such instruments, and potential material and prolonged deviations between the
theoretical value and realizable value of a derivative. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless
of the size of the Fund's initial investment. Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments.
The Fund may buy or sell derivatives not traded on an exchange and which may be subject to heightened liquidity and valuation
risk. Derivative investments can increase portfolio turnover and transaction costs. Derivatives also are subject to counterparty
risk. As a result, the Fund may obtain no recovery of its investment or may only obtain a limited recovery, and any recovery
may be delayed. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater
losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. In addition, the Fund's investments in derivatives are subject to the
following risks:
Futures and Forward Contracts. Futures and forward contracts, including non-deliverable forwards ("NDFs"), are derivative instruments pursuant to a contract where one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or other underlying assets at an agreed date or to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. There may be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. Not all forward contracts, including NDFs, require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contracts. Forward currency transactions, including NDFs, and forward currency contracts include the risks associated with fluctuations in currency. Interest rate and Treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to price fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates. The Fund could suffer a loss if interest rates rise after the Fund has purchased an interest rate futures contract or fall after the Fund has sold an interest rate futures contract. Similarly, Treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to potential losses if interest rates do not move as expected.
Options. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the call option exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit that might otherwise have been realized had the Fund bought the underlying security instead of the call option. For a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the put option's exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from having shorted the declining underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs. If the Fund sells a put option, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to buy the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price. If the Fund sells a call option, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to sell the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price. If the Fund sells a call option on an underlying asset that the Fund owns and the underlying asset has increased in value when the call option is exercised, the Fund will be required to sell the underlying asset at the call price and will not be able to realize any of the underlying asset's value above the call price.
Swap Agreements. Swaps can involve greater risks than a direct investment in an underlying asset, because swaps typically include a certain amount of embedded leverage and as such are subject to leveraging risk. If swaps are used as a hedging strategy, the Fund is subject to the risk that the hedging strategy may not eliminate the risk that it is intended to offset, due to, among other reasons, the occurrence of unexpected price movements or the non-occurrence of expected price movements. Swaps also may be difficult to value. Interest rate swaps, total return swaps, cross-currency swaps, credit default swaps and commodities swaps are subject to counterparty risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. In addition, interest rate swaps are subject to interest rate risk, total return swaps are subject to market risk, and interest rate risk if the underlying securities are bonds or other debt obligations, currency swaps are subject to currency risk, and commodities swaps are subject to commodities risk.
Warrants. Warrants may be more speculative than certain other types of investments because warrants do not carry with them dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. The market for warrants may be very limited and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for warrants.
Emerging Markets Risk
When investing in emerging markets, the risks of investing in foreign securities discussed below are heightened. Emerging
markets are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the U.S. and other
developed markets. There are also risks of: greater political uncertainties; an economy's dependence on revenues from particular
commodities or on international aid or development assistance; currency transfer restrictions; a limited number of potential
buyers for such securities resulting in increased volatility and limited liquidity for emerging market securities; trading
suspensions; and delays and disruptions in securities settlement procedures.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited
to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity and greater volatility,
(4) lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) less government
regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies; and (7) delays in transaction settlement
in some foreign markets.
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
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Hedging Risk
If the Fund uses a hedging instrument at the wrong time or judges the market conditions incorrectly, or the hedged instrument
does not correlate to the risk sought to be hedged, the hedge might be unsuccessful, reduce the Fund's return, or create a
loss.
High Portfolio Turnover
Risk
Portfolio turnover is a measure of the Fund's trading activity over a one-year period. High portfolio turnover could increase
the Fund's transaction costs, have a negative impact on performance, and generate higher capital gain distributions to shareholders
than if the Fund has a lower portfolio turnover rate.
High Yield Securities Risk
Investing in high yield, below investment-grade securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds") generally involves significantly
greater risks of loss of your money than an investment in investment grade securities. High yield debt securities may fluctuate
more widely in price and yield and may fall in price when the economy is weak or expected to become weak. High yield securities
are considered to be speculative with respect to an issuer's ability to pay interest and principal and carry a greater risk
that the issuers of lower-rated securities will default on the timely payment of principal and interest. Below investment
grade securities may experience greater price volatility and less liquidity than investment grade securities.
Interest Rate Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that the market value of fixed income securities or derivatives it holds will decline due
to rising interest rates. Generally, the value of investments with interest rate risk, such as fixed income securities, will
move in the opposite direction to movements in interest rates. The Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate in December
2016 and March 2017 and has signaled additional increases in 2017. Interest rates may rise, perhaps significantly and/or
rapidly, potentially resulting in substantial losses to the Fund. The prices of fixed income securities or derivatives are
also affected by their durations. Fixed income securities or derivatives with longer duration generally have greater sensitivity
to changes in interest rates. An increase in interest rates can impact markets broadly as well. Some investors buy securities
and derivatives with borrowed money; an increase in interest rates can cause a decline in those markets.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Leverage Risk
The Fund's use of futures, forward contracts, swaps, other derivative instruments and selling securities short will have
the economic effect of financial leverage. Financial leverage magnifies the exposure to the swings in prices of an asset or
class of assets underlying a derivative instrument and results in increased volatility, which means that the Fund will have
the potential for greater losses than if the Fund does not use the derivative instruments that have a leveraging effect. Leverage
may result in losses that exceed the amount originally invested and may accelerate the rates of losses. Leverage tends to
magnify, sometimes significantly, the effect of any increase or decrease in the Fund's exposure to an asset or class of assets
and may cause the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") to be volatile.
Liquidity Risk
The Fund is susceptible to the risk that certain investments held by the Fund, such as structured notes and other derivative
instruments, may have limited marketability or be subject to restrictions on sale, and may be difficult or impossible to purchase
or sell at favorable times or prices. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time that
is most beneficial to the Fund. The Fund may be required to dispose of investments at unfavorable times or prices to satisfy
obligations, which may result in losses or may be costly to the Fund. For example, the Fund may be forced to sell certain
investments at unfavorable prices to meet redemption requests or other cash needs. Judgment plays a greater role in pricing
illiquid investments than in investments with more active markets.
Market Direction Risk
Since the Fund will typically hold both long and short positions, an investment in the Fund will involve market risks associated
with different types of investment decisions than those made for a typical "long only" fund. The Fund's results could suffer
both when there is a general market advance and the Fund holds significant "short" positions, and when there is a general
market decline and the Fund holds significant "long" positions.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Model and Data Risk
The sub-advisor relies heavily on proprietary trading models ("Models") and both proprietary and third party provided data
("Data"), rather than granting trade-by-trade discretion to the sub-advisor's investment professionals. In combination, Models
and Data are used to construct investment decisions, to value both current and potential investments, to provide risk management
insights and to assist in hedging the Fund's positions and investments.
Models and Data are known to have errors, omissions, imperfections and malfunctions (collectively, "System Events").
4 |
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
The investment manager seeks to reduce the incidence and impact of System Events, to the extent feasible, through a combination of internal testing, simulation, real-time monitoring, use of independent safeguards in the overall portfolio management process and often in the software code itself.
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is non-diversified, which means the Fund may focus its investments in the securities of a comparatively small number
of issuers. Investments in securities of a limited number of issuers exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential
losses than if assets were diversified among the securities of a greater number of issuers.
Obsolescence Risk
The Fund is unlikely to be successful in the deployment of its quantitative, investment strategies unless the assumptions
underlying the Models are realistic and either remain realistic and relevant in the future or are adjusted to account for
changes in the overall market environment. If such assumptions are inaccurate or become inaccurate and are not promptly adjusted,
it is likely that profitable trading signals will not be generated. If and to the extent that the Models do not reflect certain
factors, and the sub-advisor does not successfully address such omission through its testing and evaluation and modify the
Models accordingly, major losses may result — all of which will be borne by the Fund.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds and exchange-traded
funds ("ETFs"). To the extent that the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, you will indirectly
bear fees and expenses charged by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be
subject to the risks associated with investments in those funds. For example, to the extent the Fund invests in ETFs that
invest in equity securities, fixed income securities and/or foreign securities, or track an index, the Fund is subject to
the risks associated with the underlying investments held by the ETF or the index fluctuations to which the ETF is subject.
Because ETFs are listed on an exchange, they may be subject to trading halts, may trade at a discount or premium to their
NAV and may not be liquid. Money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk.
Repurchase Agreement Risk
The use of repurchase agreements involves counterparty risk and credit risk. The obligations of a counterparty to a repurchase
agreement are not guaranteed. The Fund permits various forms of securities as collateral whose values fluctuate and that are
not issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government. There are risks that a counterparty may default at a time when the collateral
has declined in value, or a counterparty may become insolvent and subject to liquidation, which may affect the Fund's right
to control the collateral.
Risk Management
Risk is an essential part of investing. No risk management program can eliminate the Fund's exposure to adverse events; at
best, it can only reduce the possibility that the Fund will be affected by such events, and especially those risks that are
not intrinsic to the Fund's investment program.
Risk of Programming and Modeling Error
The success of the sub-advisor's investment strategy depends largely on the effectiveness of its quantitative research models
and investment programs. The programs may not react as expected to market events resulting in losses for the Fund. Additionally,
programs may become outdated or experience malfunctions which may not be identified by the sub-advisor and therefore may also result
in losses to the Fund.
Sector Risk
To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments
and economic conditions that significantly affect those sectors. Individual sectors may move up and down more than the broader
market. The industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events.
Because the Fund may hold a limited number of securities, it may at times be substantially over-weighted in certain economic
sectors and under-weighted in others. As such, the Fund's performance is likely to be disproportionately affected by the factors
influencing those sectors.
Segregated Assets Risk
In connection with certain transactions that may give rise to future payment obligations, including short sales and investments
in derivatives, the Fund may be required to maintain a segregated amount of, or otherwise earmark, cash or liquid securities
to cover the obligation. Segregated assets cannot be sold while the position they are covering is outstanding, unless they
are replaced with other assets of equal value. The need to maintain cash or other liquid securities in segregated accounts
could limit the Fund's ability to pursue other opportunities as they arise.
Short Position Risk
The Fund's losses are potentially unlimited in a short position transaction because there is potentially no limit on the
amount that the security that the Fund is required to purchase may have appreciated. Because the Fund may invest the proceeds
of a short sale, another effect of short selling on the Fund is similar to the effect of leverage, in that it may amplify
changes in the Fund's NAV since it may increase the exposure of the Fund to certain markets.
Subsidiary Risk
By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary's investments.
The derivatives and other investments held by the Subsidiary are generally similar to those that are permitted to be held
by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. These risks
are described elsewhere in this Prospectus. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Fund or the Subsidiary
will be achieved.
The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act, and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. In addition, changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and the SAI and could adversely affect the Fund's performance.
Tax Risk
To qualify as a "regulated investment company" under Subchapter M ("RIC"), the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross
income for each taxable year from "qualifying income," which is described in more detail in "Tax Information" the SAI. Income
from certain commodity-linked derivative instruments in which the Fund invests is not considered qualifying income. The Fund
will therefore restrict its income from direct investments in commodity-linked derivative instruments that do not generate
qualifying income, such as commodity-linked swaps, to a maximum of 10% of its gross income for each taxable year. The Fund's
investment in the Subsidiary is expected to provide the Fund with exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations
of the federal tax requirements of Subchapter M.
The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") issued a large number of private letter rulings ("PLRs") (which the Fund may not cite as precedent) beginning in 2006 that income a RIC derives from a wholly owned foreign subsidiary (a "controlled foreign corporation" or "CFC") (such as the Subsidiary) that earns income derived from commodity-linked derivative instruments is qualifying income. The IRS suspended the issuance of new such PLRs in July 2011. More importantly,
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
5 |
proposed Treasury regulations published on September 28, 2016, would limit qualifying income for a RIC from a CFC to distributions the CFC makes to the RIC out of its associated earnings and profits for the applicable taxable year. Although the Fund currently does receive distributions from the Subsidiary out of such earnings and profits each taxable year, if in one or more taxable years the Fund did not receive distributions thereof (or received less than all of same) or the IRS concluded that the amounts it did receive were not "distributions" for federal income tax purposes, the Fund might have difficulty in those years satisfying one of the requirements to qualify as a RIC. See "Tax Information" in the SAI for further information regarding the federal income tax treatment to RICs of income from CFCs and commodity-linked instruments. The federal income tax treatment of the Fund's commodity-linked investments and income from the Subsidiary may be materially adversely affected by future legislation, other Treasury regulations, and/or guidance issued by the IRS that could affect whether income from such investments is qualifying income under Subchapter M, or otherwise materially affect the character, timing or recognition, and/or amount of the Fund's taxable income and/or net capital gains and, therefore, the distributions the Fund makes.
U.S. Government Securities and Government-Sponsored Enterprises Risk
A security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States is guaranteed only as to the timely
payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will
fluctuate. Securities held by the Fund that are issued by government-sponsored enterprises, such as the Federal National Mortgage
Association (''Fannie Mae''), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (''Freddie Mac''), Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"),
Federal Farm Credit Bank ("FFCB"), and the Tennessee Valley Authority are not guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and are not
backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide
financial support if these organizations do not have the funds to meet future payment obligations. U.S. Government securities
and securities of government sponsored entities are also subject to credit risk, interest rate risk and market risk.
Valuation Risk
The Fund may value certain assets at a price different from the price at which they can be sold. This risk may be especially
pronounced for investments that are illiquid or which may become illiquid.
Volatility Risk
The Fund may have investments that appreciate or decrease significantly in value over short periods of time. This may cause
the Fund's NAV to experience significant increases or declines in value over short periods of time.
Fund Performance
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of risk by showing how the Fund's performance has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad-based market index. You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Calendar year total returns for Investor Class Shares. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception Date of Class |
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Investor Class |
8/19/2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
(0.67 |
%) |
4.40 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
(0.67 |
%) |
3.38 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
(0.38 |
%) |
3.06 |
% |
|
Inception
|
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
8/19/2014 |
|
(0.67 |
%) |
4.40 |
% |
C |
8/19/2014 |
|
(1.45 |
%) |
3.60 |
% |
Y |
8/19/2014 |
|
(0.38 |
%) |
4.70 |
% |
Institutional |
8/19/2014 |
|
(0.29 |
%) |
4.83 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BofA Merrill Lynch U.S 3-Month Treasury Bill Index |
|
|
0.33 |
% |
0.16 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
6 |
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is AHL Partners LLP.
Portfolio Managers
AHL Partners LLP |
Matthew Sargaison
|
Russell Korgaonkar
|
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
7 |
Additional Information About the Fund
To help you better understand the Fund, this section provides a detailed discussion of the Fund's investment policies, its principal strategies and risks and performance benchmark(s). However, this Prospectus does not describe all of the Fund's investment practices. For additional information, please see the Fund's statement of additional information ("SAI"), which is available at www.americanbeaconfunds.com or by contacting us via telephone at 1-800-658-5811, by U.S. mail at P.O. Box 219643, Kansas City, MO 64121-9643, or by e-mail at americanbeaconfunds@ambeacon.com.
Additional Information About Investment Policies and Strategies
Investment Objective
The Fund's investment objective is capital growth.
The Fund's investment objective is "non-fundamental," which means that it may be changed by the Fund's Board of Trustees ("Board") without the approval of Fund shareholders.
Temporary Defensive Policy
The Fund may depart from its principal investment strategy by taking temporary defensive positions in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During these times, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Additional Information About the Management of the Fund
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager. The Manager provides or oversees the provision of all administrative, investment advisory and portfolio management services to the Fund. The Manager:
develops overall investment strategies for the Fund,
monitors and evaluates the sub-advisor's investment performance,
monitors the sub-advisor's compliance with the Fund's investment objectives, policies and restrictions, and
oversees the Fund's securities lending activities and actions taken by the securities lending agent to the extent applicable.
The assets of the Fund are currently allocated by the Manager to one sub-advisor, AHL Partners LLP ("AHL") AHL has full discretion to purchase and sell securities for the Fund in accordance with the Fund's objectives, policies, restrictions and more specific strategies provided by the Manager. The Manager oversees the sub-advisor but does not reassess individual security selections made by the sub-advisor for the Fund.
Although the Manager has no current intention to do so, the Fund's assets may be allocated among one or more additional sub-advisors in the future by the Manager. The Fund operates in a manager of managers structure. The Fund and the Manager have received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") that permits the Fund, subject to certain conditions and approval by the Board, to hire and replace sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager without approval of shareholders. The Manager has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee sub-advisors and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The order also exempts the Fund from disclosing the advisory fees paid by the Fund to individual sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager in various documents filed with the SEC and provided to shareholders. Instead, the fees payable to unaffiliated sub-advisors are aggregated, and fees payable to sub-advisors that are affiliated with the Manager, if any, would be aggregated with fees payable to the Manager. Disclosure of the separate fees paid to an affiliated sub-advisor would be required. Whenever a sub-advisor change is proposed in reliance on the order, in order for the change to be implemented, the Board, including a majority of its "non-interested" trustees, must approve the change. In addition, the Fund is required to provide shareholders with certain information regarding any new sub-advisor within 90 days of the hiring of any new sub-advisor.
Additional Information About Investments
This section provides more detailed information regarding certain of the Fund's principal investment strategies as well as information regarding the Fund's strategy with respect to investment of cash balances.
Cash Equivalents
The Fund may invest in cash equivalents including, among others, time deposits, certificates of deposit, and government obligations. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate. Certificates of deposit are issued against funds deposited in an eligible bank (including its domestic and foreign branches, subsidiaries and agencies), are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable.
Currencies
The Fund may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities and may also purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts (see "Derivative Investments" below), and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward currency contracts ("forwards"). The Fund may engage in these transactions in order to hedge or protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates in the purchase and sale of securities or other derivative positions. The Fund also may use foreign currency forward contracts to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another.
Derivative Investments
Derivatives are financial instruments that have a value which depends upon, or is derived from, a reference asset, such as one or more underlying securities, pools of securities, options, futures, indexes or currencies. The Fund may invest in the following derivative instruments:
Forward Contracts. Forward contracts are two-party contracts pursuant to which one party agrees to pay the counterparty a fixed price for an agreed upon amount of commodities or securities, or the cash value of commodities, securities or a securities index, at an agreed upon future date. A forward currency contract is an obligation to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. An NDF currency contract is a forward contract where there is no physical settlement of the two currencies at maturity. Rather, on the contract settlement date, a net cash settlement will be made by one party to the other based on the difference between the contracted forward rate and the prevailing spot rate, on an agreed notional amount.
Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a contract to purchase or sell a particular security, or the cash value of an index, at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Under such contracts, no delivery of the actual securities is required. Rather, upon the expiration of the contract, settlement is made by exchanging cash in an amount equal to the difference between the contract price and the closing price of a security or index at
8 |
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
expiration, net of the variation margin that was previously paid. An interest rate futures contract is a contract for the future delivery of an interest-bearing debt security. A treasury futures contract is a contract for the future delivery of a U.S. Treasury security. The Fund also may have to sell assets at inopportune times to satisfy its settlement or collateral obligations. The risks associated with the use of futures contracts also include that there may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the prices of futures contracts and that there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract.
Options. An option is a contract that gives the purchaser (holder) of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the seller (writer) of the option the security or currency underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option (normally not exceeding nine months). The writer of an option has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security or currency upon payment of the exercise price, in the case of a call option, or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security or currency, in the case of a put option.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract provides the holder with the right to enter into a ‘‘long'' position in the underlying futures contract, in the case of a call option, or a ‘‘short'' position in the underlying futures contract in the case of a put option, at a fixed exercise price to a stated expiration date. Upon exercise of the option by the holder, the contract market clearing house establishes a corresponding short position for the writer of the option, in the case of a call option, or a corresponding long position, in the case of a put option.
Swap Agreements. A credit default swap enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a credit event, such as an issuer's failure to make timely payments of interest or principal, bankruptcy or restructuring. The terms of the swap transaction are either negotiated by a sub-advisor and the swap counterparty or established based on terms generally available on an exchange or contract market. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange the right to receive payments equivalent to interest at differing rates on specified notional principal amounts. In a total return swap, one party agrees to pay the other party an amount equal to the total return on a defined underlying asset or index during a specified period of time. The underlying asset might be a security or basket of securities or index such as a securities index. In return, the other party would make periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or on a total return from a different underlying asset or non-asset reference. A currency swap involves the exchange of payments denominated in one currency for payments denominated in another. Payments are based on a notional principal amount the value of which is fixed in exchange rate terms at the swap's inception. In a commodities swap, the Fund agrees to either pay or receive an amount equal to the change in the value of a specified, notional amount of a commodity index, basket of commodities, or individual commodity to or from a counterparty in exchange for the payment of a fee or the equivalent of an interest rate.
Warrants. Warrants are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase a specified amount of securities at a specified price. Detachable warrants are often independently traded on a stock exchange. Non-detachable warrants cannot be traded independently from their reference bond. Warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitle the holder to buy securities at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.
Additional Information About Risks
The greatest risk of investing in a mutual fund is that its returns will fluctuate and you could lose money. The following section provides additional information regarding the Fund's principal risk factors in light of its principal investment strategies.
Allocation Risk
This is the risk that the sub-advisor's judgments about, and allocations among, asset classes and market exposures may adversely affect the Fund's performance. This risk can be increased by the use of derivatives to increase allocations to various market exposures because derivatives can create investment leverage, which will magnify the impact to the Fund of its investment in any underperforming market exposure.
Asset Selection Risk
Assets selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. The portfolio managers' judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential performance of a particular asset class or individual security may be incorrect and there is no guarantee that individual securities will perform as anticipated. Additionally, different asset classes tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to each other and to the general securities markets. The sub-advisor's investment models may rely in part on data derived from third parties and may not perform as intended. This could result in the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Commodities Risk
Factors associated with commodity-linked derivatives, including futures contracts and swaps, may subject the Fund's (and the Subsidiary's) investments in them to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Depending upon the types of underlying commodities, the commodity-linked instruments in which the Fund (or the Subsidiary) may invest could be subject to economic and non-economic variables, including economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts and swaps, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of the supplies of other materials. In the commodity markets there are often costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of a commodity-linked derivative will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while the Fund (or the Subsidiary) holds a derivative on that commodity, the value of the derivative may change proportionately. In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodities markets will influence whether the prices of commodity-linked derivative are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for the Fund (and the Subsidiary).
Rulemaking by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") may affect the Fund's ability to pursue its investment strategies or increase the Fund's expenses.
Counterparty Risk
There are two separate categories of counterparty risk that arise out of the Fund's investments in derivatives. The first relates to the risk that its swap counterparty defaults, and the second category relates to the risk that a futures commission merchant ("FCM") would default on an obligation set forth in an agreement between the Fund and the FCM. As for the first category of risk, entering into derivatives in the OTC market involves counterparty risk, which is
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
9 |
the risk that the dealer providing the derivative or other product will fail to timely perform its payment and other obligations or experience financial difficulties, which may include filing for bankruptcy. Therefore, to the extent that the Fund engages in trading in OTC markets, the Fund could be exposed to greater risk of loss through default than if it confined its trading to transactions that are centrally cleared. The second category of risk exists at and from the time that the Fund enters into derivatives transactions that are centrally cleared. In such cases, a clearing organization becomes the Fund's counterparty and the principal counterparty risk is that the clearing organization itself will default. In addition, the FCM may hold margin posted in connection with those contracts and that margin may be re-hypothecated (or re-pledged) by the FCM and lost or its return delayed due to a default by the FCM or other customer of the FCM. The FCM may itself file for bankruptcy, which would either delay the return of, or jeopardize altogether the assets posted by the FCM as margin in response to margin calls relating to cleared positions. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruptions, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise hold investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund.
Credit Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a debt security or the counterparty to a derivatives contract or a loan will fail to make timely payment of interest or principal or otherwise honor its obligations or default completely. A decline in the credit rating of an individual security held by the Fund may have an adverse impact on its price and make it difficult for the Fund to sell it. Ratings represent a rating agency's opinion regarding the quality of the security and are not a guarantee of quality. Rating agencies might not always change their credit rating on an issuer or security in a timely manner to reflect events that could affect the issuer's ability to make timely payments on its obligations. Credit risk is typically greater for securities with ratings that are below investment grade. Since the Fund can invest significantly in high-yield investments considered speculative in nature, this risk will be substantial.
Crowding/Convergence Risk
There is significant competition among quantitatively-focused managers and the ability of the sub-advisor to deliver returns that have a low correlation with global aggregate equity markets and other funds is dependent on their ability to employ Models that are simultaneously profitable and differentiated from those employed by other managers. To the extent that the sub-advisor is not able to develop sufficiently differentiated Models, the Fund's investment objective may not be met, irrespective of whether the Models are profitable in an absolute sense. In addition, to the extent that the Models come to resemble those employed by other managers, there is an increased risk that a market disruption may negatively affect predictive Models such as those employed by the Fund, as such a disruption could accelerate reductions in liquidity or rapid re-pricing due to simultaneous trading across a number of funds utilizing Models (or similar quantitatively-focused investment strategies) in the marketplace.
Currency Risk
The Fund may have exposure to foreign currencies by making direct investments in non-U.S. currencies or in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency exchange contracts in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency futures contracts, options on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures and swaps for cross-currency investments. Foreign currencies may decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and thereby affect the Fund's investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. As a result, the Fund's investments in foreign currency denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund. Currency futures, forwards, options or swaps may not always work as intended, and in specific cases, the Fund may be worse off than if it had not used such instrument(s). There may not always be suitable hedging instruments available. Even where suitable hedging instruments are available, the Fund may choose to not hedge its currency risks.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund, its service providers, and third-party fund distribution platforms, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to operational risks arising from, among other problems, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity incidents. The occurrence of any of these problems could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage and other consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund or its shareholders. The Manager, through its monitoring and oversight of Fund service providers, endeavors to determine that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to such problems. However, it is not possible for the Manager, Fund service providers, or third-party fund distribution platforms to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Derivatives Risk
Derivatives are financial instruments that have a value which depends upon, or is derived from, a reference asset, such as one or more underlying securities, pools of securities, options, futures, indexes or currencies. The Fund may use derivatives to enhance total return, to hedge against fluctuations in interest rates or currency exchange rates, to change the effective duration of its portfolio, to manage certain investment risks or as a substitute for the purchase or sale of the underlying currencies or securities. The Fund may also hold derivative instruments to obtain economic exposure to an issuer without directly holding its securities.
Derivatives can be highly complex and their use within a management strategy can require specialized skills. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. If the sub-advisor incorrectly forecasts stock market values, or the direction of interest rates or currency exchange rates in utilizing a specific derivatives strategy for the Fund, the Fund could lose money. In addition, leverage embedded in a derivative instrument can expose the Fund to greater risk and increase its costs. Gains or losses in the value of a derivative instrument may be magnified and be much greater than the derivative's original cost (generally the initial margin deposit). Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the Fund's initial investment, for example, where the Fund may be called upon to deliver a security it does not own. Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. The Fund may not be able to close out or sell a derivative position at a particular time or at an anticipated price. The Fund may buy or sell derivatives not traded on an exchange or contract market which may be subject to heightened liquidity and valuation risk. Derivative investments can increase portfolio turnover and transaction costs. Derivatives also are subject to counterparty risk. As a result the Fund may obtain no recovery of its investment or may only obtain a limited recovery, and any recovery may be delayed. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Certain derivatives, including swaps, futures, forwards and written options, require the Fund to post margin to secure its future obligation; if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell investments from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The Fund's use of derivatives also may create financial leverage, which may result in losses that exceed the amount originally invested and accelerate the rate of losses. Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will use derivatives to reduce exposure to other risks when that might have been beneficial.
10 |
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
Although the Fund may attempt to hedge against certain risks, the hedging instruments may not perform as expected and could produce losses. Hedging instruments may also reduce or eliminate gains that may otherwise have been available had the Fund not used the hedging instruments. The Fund may not hedge certain risks in particular situations, even if suitable instruments are available. Changing regulation of the derivatives markets and potential changes in the regulation of funds using derivative instruments could limit the Fund's ability to pursue its investment strategies. New regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability, disrupt markets, or otherwise adversely affect their value or performance. In addition to other changes, these rules provide for central clearing of derivatives that in the past were traded exclusively over-the-counter and may increase costs and margin requirements, but are expected to reduce certain counterparty risks.
Because the markets for certain derivative instruments (including markets located in foreign countries) are relatively new and still developing, suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Upon the expiration of a particular contract, a sub-advisor may wish to retain the Fund's position in the derivative instrument by entering into a similar contract, but may be unable to do so if the counterparty to the original contract is unwilling to enter into the new contract and no other suitable counterparty can be found. The Fund's ability to use derivatives may also be limited by certain regulatory and tax considerations.
Certain of the other risks to which the Fund might be exposed due to its use of derivatives include the following:
Futures and Forward Contracts Risk. Futures and forward contracts, including non-deliverable forwards ("NDFs"), are derivative instruments pursuant to a contract where one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or other underlying assets at an agreed date or to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes. There are no limitations on daily price movements of forward contracts. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. Not all forward contracts, including NDFs, require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contracts. Forward currency transactions, including NDFs, include the risks associated with fluctuations in currency. Interest rate and treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to price fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates. The Fund could suffer a loss if interest rates rise after the Fund has purchased an interest rate futures contract or fall after the Fund has sold an interest rate futures contract. Similarly, treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to potential losses if interest rates do not move as expected. Equity index futures contracts expose the Fund to volatility in an underlying securities index.
Hedging Risk. Gains or losses from positions in hedging instruments, such as options, may be much greater than the instrument's original cost. The counterparty may be unable to honor its financial obligation to the Fund. In addition, the sub-advisor may be unable to close the transaction at the time it would like or at the price it believes the security is currently worth. If the Fund uses a hedging instrument at the wrong time or judges the market conditions incorrectly, or the hedged instrument does not correlate to the risk sought to be hedged, the hedge might be unsuccessful, reduce the Fund's return, or create a loss.
Options Risk. The movements experienced by the Fund between the prices of options and prices of the assets (or indices) underlying such options, may differ from expectations, and may cause the Fund to not achieve its objective. The seller (writer) of a call option that is covered (i.e., the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying assets above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying assets above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase by such writer except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put option that is covered (i.e., the writer has a short position in the underlying assets) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying assets above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying assets plus the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying assets below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying assets below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option. In the event that an option on futures is exercised, the parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as payment of variation margin deposits. In addition, the writer of an option, unlike the holder, generally is subject to initial and variation margin requirements on the option position.
Swaps Agreement Risk. Swaps can involve greater risks than a direct investment in an underlying asset, because swaps typically include a certain amount of embedded leverage and as such are subject to leveraging risk. If swaps are used as a hedging strategy, the Fund is subject to the risk that the hedging strategy may not eliminate the risk that it is intended to offset, due to, among other reasons, a lack of correlation between the swaps and the portfolio of assets that the swaps are designed to hedge or replace. Swaps also may be difficult to value. Total return swaps, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, commodities swaps and credit default swaps are subject to counterparty risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. In addition to these risks, total return swaps are subject to market risk and interest rate risk, if the underlying securities are bonds or other debt obligations, interest rate swaps are subject to interest rate risk, and currency swaps are subject to currency risk. With respect to a credit default swap, if the Fund is selling credit protection, there is a risk that a credit event will occur and that the Fund will have to pay the counterparty. There is also the risk that the transaction may be closed-out at a time when the credit quality of the underlying investment has deteriorated, in which case the Fund may need to make an early termination payment. If the Fund is buying credit protection, there is the risk that no credit event will occur and the Fund will receive no benefit (other than any hedging benefit) for the premium paid. There is also the risk that the transaction may be closed-out at a time when the credit quality of the underlying investment has improved, in which case the Fund may need to make an early termination payment. Equity swaps are subject to equity investments risk, liquidity risk and counterparty risk.
Warrants. Warrants are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase a specified amount of securities at a specified price. Warrants may be more speculative than certain other types of investments because warrants do not carry with them dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. Detached warrants may be traded on a stock exchange; however, non-detached warrants can only be exercised by the bondholder.
Foreign Investing & Emerging Markets Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity and greater volatility of foreign investments, (4) lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) less government regulation and supervision of foreign banks, stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, (6) increased price volatility, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign markets. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of a single country or region; it is more likely to be affected by events or conditions of that country or region. In addition, the economies and political environments of emerging market countries tend to be more unstable than those of developed countries, resulting in more volatile rates of return than the developed markets and substantially greater risk to investors. There may be very limited oversight of certain foreign banks or securities depositories that hold
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foreign securities and currency and the laws of certain countries may limit the ability to recover such assets if a foreign bank or depository or their agents goes bankrupt. When investing in emerging markets, the risks of investing in foreign securities are heightened. Emerging markets have unique risks that are greater than or in addition to investing in developed markets because emerging markets are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the U.S. and other developed markets. There are also risks of: greater political uncertainties; an economy's dependence on revenues from particular commodities or on international aid or development assistance; currency transfer restrictions; a limited number of potential buyers for such securities, resulting in increased volatility and limited liquidity for emerging market securities; trading suspensions; and delays and disruptions in securities settlement procedures. In addition, there may be less information available to make investment decisions and more volatile rates of return.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk
Portfolio turnover is a measure of the Fund's trading activity over a one-year period. High portfolio turnover could increase the Fund's transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. These costs are not reflected in the Fund's annual operating expenses or in the expense example, but they can have a negative impact on performance. Frequent trading by the Fund could also result in increased realized net capital gains, distributions of which are taxable to the Fund's shareholders (including net short-term capital gain distributions, which are taxable to them as ordinary income).
High Yield Securities Risk
Investing in high yield securities (commonly referred to as ‘‘junk bonds'') generally involves significantly greater risks of loss of your money than an investment in investment-grade securities. Compared with issuers of investment grade securities, high yield securities are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and to be materially affected by these difficulties. High yield debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price when the economy is weak or expected to become weak. High yield securities are considered to be speculative with respect to an issuer's ability to pay interest and principal and carry a greater risk that issuers of lower-rated securities will default on the timely payment of principal or interest. Below-investment-grade securities may experience greater price volatility and less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Lower-rated securities are subject to certain risks that may not be present with investments in higher-grade securities. Investors should consider carefully their ability to assume the risks associated with lower-rated securities before investing in the Fund. The lower rating of certain high yielding corporate income securities reflects a greater possibility that the financial condition of the issuer or adverse changes in general economic conditions may impair the ability of the issuer to pay income and principal. Changes by rating agencies in their ratings of a fixed income security also may affect the value of these investments. However, allocating investments among securities of different issuers could reduce the risks of owning any such securities separately. The prices of these high yield securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment-grade investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. During economic downturns or periods of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that adversely affects their ability to service principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals or to obtain additional financing, and the markets for their securities may be more volatile. If an issuer defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Additionally, accruals of interest income for the Fund may have to be adjusted in the event of default. In the event of an issuer's default, the Fund may write off prior income accruals for that issuer, resulting in a reduction in the Fund's current dividend payment. Frequently, the higher yields of high-yielding securities may not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities may expect, but rather the risk that such securities may lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of their issuer's financial restructuring or default. Additionally, an economic downturn or an increase in interest rates could have a negative effect on the high-yield securities market and on the market value of the high-yield securities held by the Fund, as well as on the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and interest on their borrowings.
Interest Rate Risk
Investments in investment-grade and non-investment grade fixed-income securities are subject to interest rate risk. The value of the Fund's fixed-income investments typically will fall when interest rates rise. The Fund may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates if it invests in debt securities with intermediate and long terms to maturity. Debt securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. For example, if a bond has a duration of four years, a 1% increase in interest rates could be expected to result in a 4% decrease in the value of the bond. Yields of debt securities will fluctuate over time. Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the Federal Reserve has attempted to stabilize the economy and support the economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate (the interest rate at which depository institutions lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight) at or near zero percent. The Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate in December 2016 and March 2017 and has signaled additional increases in 2017. Interest rates may rise significantly and/or rapidly, potentially resulting in substantial losses to the Fund. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Fund may be unable to maintain positive returns. Certain European countries and Japan have recently experienced negative interest rates on deposits and debt securities have traded at negative yields. Negative interest rates may become more prevalent among non-U.S. issuers, and potentially within the United States. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from Fund performance to the extent the Fund is exposed to such interest rates.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. The share price of the Fund fluctuates, which means that when you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets. When the issuer of a security implements strategic initiatives, including mergers, acquisitions and dispositions, there is the risk that the market response to such initiatives will cause the share price of the issuer's securities to fall.
Leverage Risk
Financial leverage magnifies the exposure to the movement in prices of an asset or class of assets underlying a derivative instrument and results in increased volatility, which means that the Fund will have the potential for greater losses than if the Fund does not use the derivative instruments that have a leveraging effect. Leverage tends to magnify, sometimes significantly, the effect of any increase or decrease in the Fund's exposure to an asset or class of assets and may cause the Fund's NAV to be volatile.
The Fund may experience leveraging risk in connection with investments in derivatives because its investments in derivatives may be purchased with a fraction of the assets that would be needed to purchase the securities directly, so that the remainder of the assets may be invested in other investments. Such
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investments may have the effect of leveraging the Fund because the Fund may experience gains or losses not only on its investments in derivatives, but also on the investments purchased with the remainder of the assets. If the value of the Fund's investments in derivatives is increasing, this could be offset by declining values of the Fund's other investments. Conversely, it is possible that the rise in the value of the Fund's non-derivative investments could be offset by a decline in the value of the Fund's investments in derivatives. In either scenario, the Fund may experience losses. In a market where the value of the Fund's investments in derivatives is declining and the value of its other investments is declining, the Fund may experience substantial losses. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet any required asset segregation requirements. In addition, the costs that the Fund pays to engage in these practices are additional costs borne by the Fund and could reduce or eliminate any net investment profits.
Liquidity Risk
When there is little or no active trading market for specific types of securities, such as structured notes and other derivative instruments, it can become more difficult to purchase or sell the securities at or near their perceived value. During such periods, certain investments held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or other investments may be difficult to purchase at favorable times or prices. As a result, the Fund may have to lower the price on certain securities that it is trying to sell, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on Fund management or performance. Redemptions by a few large investors in the Fund at such times may have a significant adverse effect on the Fund's NAV and remaining Fund shareholders. In addition, the market-making capacity of dealers in certain types of securities has been reduced in recent years, in part as a result of structural and regulatory changes, such as fewer proprietary trading desks and increased capital requirements for broker-dealers. Further, many broker-dealers have reduced their inventory of certain debt securities. This could negatively affect the Fund's ability to buy or sell debt securities and increase the related volatility and trading costs. The Fund may lose money if it is forced to sell certain investments at unfavorable prices to meet redemption requests or other cash needs.
Market Direction Risk
Since the Fund will typically hold both long and short positions, an investment in the Fund will involve market risks associated with different types of investment decisions than those made for a typical "long only" fund. The Fund's results could suffer both when there is a general market advance and the Fund holds significant "short" positions, and when there is a general market decline and the Fund holds significant "long" positions. In recent years, the markets have shown considerable volatility from day to day and even in intra-day trading.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects. Conditions in the U.S. and many foreign economies have resulted, and may continue to result, in certain instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing on attractive terms, if at all. In some cases, traditional market participants have been less willing to make a market in some types of debt instruments, which has affected the liquidity of those instruments. During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and the yields to decline. The reduced liquidity in fixed income and credit markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region.
In response to the financial crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. In some countries where economic conditions are recovering, they are nevertheless perceived as still fragile. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations, including changes in tax laws. The impact of new financial regulation legislation on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully known for some time. Regulatory changes are causing some financial services companies to exit long-standing lines of business, resulting in dislocations for other market participants. In addition, political and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad, such as the U.S. government's inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, threats of a federal government shutdown and threats not to increase the federal government's debt limit, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. The results of the recent U.S. presidential election may result in significant changes in certain policies. These changes may result in lower corporate taxes, higher levels of public debt, higher interest rates, more restrictions on international trade, and less stringent prudential regulation of certain players in the financial markets.
Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact of a significant rate increase on various markets. For example, because investors may buy securities or other investments with borrowed money, a significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the markets for those investments. Because of the sharp decline in the worldwide price of oil, there is a concern that oil producing nations may withdraw significant assets now held in U.S. Treasuries, which could force a substantial increase in interest rates. Regulators have expressed concern that rate increases may cause investors to sell fixed income securities faster than the market can absorb them, contributing to price volatility. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a country's economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse. The abandonment of the euro or withdrawal from the European Union ("EU") on the part of the United Kingdom or any other member could significantly adversely affect the value of the Fund's investments in Europe. Particularly, the United Kingdom's vote to leave the EU could lead to a prolonged period of uncertainty as to the exact terms of exit and the impact on different industry sectors and increased market volatility.
Model and Data Risk
The sub-advisor relies heavily on proprietary quantitative models each, a "Model" and collectively "Models") and data both developed by the sub-advisor and supplied by third parties (collectively, "Data") rather than granting trade-by-trade discretion to the sub-advisor's investment professionals. Models and Data are used to construct investment decisions, to value investments or potential investments (including, without limitation, for trading purposes), to provide risk management insights and to assist in hedging the Fund's investments. Models and Data are known to have errors, omissions, imperfections and malfunctions (collectively, "System Events"). System Events in third-party Data are generally entirely outside of the control of the sub-advisor. The sub-advisor seeks to reduce the incidence and impact of System Events through a certain degree of internal testing and real-time monitoring, and the use of independent safeguards in the overall portfolio management system and often, with respect to proprietary models, in the software code itself. Despite such testing, monitoring and independent safeguards, System Events may result in, among other things, the execution of unanticipated trades, the failure to execute anticipated trades, delays to the execution of anticipated trades, the failure to properly allocate trades, the failure to properly gather and organize available
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data, the failure to take certain hedging or risk reducing actions and/or the taking of actions which increase certain risk(s) — all of which may negatively impact the Fund and/or its returns.
The Fund will bear the risks associated with the reliance on Models and Data including that the Fund will bear all losses related to System Events unless otherwise determined by the sub-advisor in accordance with its internal policies or as may be required by applicable law.
Data Selection Risk. The investment strategies of the Fund are highly reliant on the gathering, cleaning, culling and analysis of large amounts of Data. Models rely heavily on appropriate Data inputs. However, it is not possible or practicable to factor all relevant, available Data into forecasts and/or investment decisions of the Models. The sub-advisor will use its discretion to determine what Data to gather with respect to each investment strategy and what subset of that Data the Models take into account to produce forecasts which may have an impact on ultimate investment decisions. In addition, due to the automated nature of Data gathering, the volume and depth of Data available, the complexity and often manual nature of Data cleaning, and the fact that the substantial majority of Data comes from third-party sources, it is inevitable that not all desired and/or relevant Data will be available to, or processed by, the sub-advisor at all times. Additionally, the sub-advisor may determine that certain available Data, while potentially useful in generating forecasts and/or making investment decisions, is not cost effective to gather due to either the technology costs or third-party vendor costs and, in such cases, the sub-advisor will not utilize such Data. There is no guarantee that any specific Data or type of Data will be utilized in generating forecasts or making investment decisions with respect to the Models. Further, even if Data is input correctly, "model prices" anticipated by the Data through the Models may differ substantially from market prices, especially for securities with complex characteristics, such as derivatives.
Incorrect Data Risk. If incorrect Data is fed into even a well-founded Model, it may lead to a System Event subjecting the Fund to loss. Where incorrect or incomplete Data is available, the sub-advisor may, and often will, continue to generate forecasts and make investment decisions based on the Data available to it. Shareholders also should be aware that there is no guarantee that the Data actually utilized in generating forecasts or making investment decisions underlying the Models will be (i) the most accurate data available or (ii) free of errors. Shareholders should assume that the Data set used in connection with the Models is limited and should understand that the foregoing risks associated with gathering, cleaning, culling and analysis of large amounts of Data are an inherent part of investing with a process-driven, systematic adviser such as the sub-advisor. When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. For example, by relying on Models and Data, the sub-advisor may be induced to buy certain investments at prices that are too high, to sell certain other investments at prices that are too low, or to miss favorable opportunities altogether. Similarly, any hedging based on faulty Models and Data may prove to be unsuccessful and any valuations of the Fund's investments that are based on valuation Models may prove to be incorrect.
Model Error Risk. Models may incorrectly forecast future behavior, leading to potential losses on a cash flow and/or a mark-to-market basis. Furthermore, in unforeseen or certain low-probability scenarios (often involving a market disruption of some kind), Models may produce unexpected results which may or may not be System Events.
Error Detection Risk. Errors in Models and Data are often extremely difficult to detect, and the difficulty of detecting System Events may be exacerbated by the lack of design documents or specifications. Regardless of how difficult their detection appears in retrospect, some System Events may go undetected for long periods of time and some may never be detected. The degradation or impact caused by these System Events can compound over time. Finally, the sub-advisor may detect certain System Events that it chooses, in its sole discretion, not to address or fix, and the use of third party software may also lead to System Events known to the sub-advisor that it chooses, in its sole discretion, not to address or fix. The sub-advisor believes that the testing and monitoring performed on its models may enable the sub-advisor to identify and address those System Events that a prudent person managing a process-driven, systematic and computerized investment program would identify and address by correcting the underlying issue(s) giving rise to the System Events or limiting the use of proprietary and third party models, generally or in a particular application. Shareholders should assume that the potential of System Events and their ensuing risks and impact are an inherent part of investing with a process-driven, systematic investment manager such as the sub-advisor. Accordingly, the sub-advisor does not expect to disclose discovered System Events to the Fund or to shareholders.
The success of the sub-advisor's investment strategy depends largely on the effectiveness of its process for screening assets for investment. Assets selected using quantitative analysis can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole or securities selected using only fundamental analysis, which could adversely affect value. Factors that affect an asset's value can change over time and these changes may not be accurately reflected in a Model. The data used to build a Model is extremely complex and involves financial, economic, econometric and statistical theories, research and modelling which is then translated into computer code to create the applicable program. Human judgment also plays a role in building, utilizing, testing and modifying the financial algorithms and formulas used in each Model. Additionally, the data, which is typically supplied by third parties, can be imprecise or become stale due to new events or changing circumstances. Market performance can be affected by non-quantitative factors (for example, investor fear or over-reaction or other emotional considerations) that are not easily integrated into quantitative analysis. There may also be errors in the computer code for a Model or issues relating to the computer systems used to screen markets. The sub-advisor's market selection can be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data and there is a risk that a Model may contain an error; one or more of such errors could adversely affect the Fund's performance.
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may invest a high percentage of its assets in a limited number of issuers. When the Fund invests in a relatively small number of issuers it may be more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a more diversified portfolio might be. Some of those issuers may also present substantial credit or other risks. Since the Fund is non-diversified, its NAV and total return may also fluctuate more or be subject to declines in weaker markets than a diversified mutual fund.
Obsolescence Risk
The Fund is unlikely to be successful in its quantitative trading strategies unless the assumptions underlying the Models are realistic and either remain realistic and relevant in the future or are adjusted to account for changes in the overall market environment. If such assumptions are inaccurate or become inaccurate and are not promptly adjusted, it is likely that profitable trading signals will not be generated. If and to the extent that the Models do not reflect certain factors, and the sub-advisor does not successfully address such omission through its testing and evaluation and modify the Models accordingly, major losses may result — all of which will be borne by the Fund. The sub-advisor will continue to test, evaluate and add new Models, which may lead to the Models being modified from time to time. Any modification of the Models or strategies will not be subject to any requirement that shareholders receive notice of the change or that they consent to it. There can be no assurance as to the effects (positive or negative) of any modification to the Models or strategies on the Fund's performance.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") and money market funds. To the extent that the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear fees and expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, charged by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated with
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investments in those funds. The Fund must rely on the investment company in which it invests to achieve its investment objective. If the investment company fails to achieve its investment objective, the value of the Fund's investment will decline, adversely affecting the Fund's performance. Money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk. ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of an ETF's shares may trade at a discount or premium to its net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; or (3) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted if the listing exchange's officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are delisted from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide "circuit breakers" (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally. An ETF that tracks an index may not precisely replicate the returns of its benchmark index.
Repurchase Agreement Risk
In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases a security from a seller at one price and simultaneously agrees to sell it back to the original seller at an agreed-upon price. The Fund permits various forms of securities as collateral whose values fluctuate. In addition the obligations of a counterparty to a repurchase agreement are not guaranteed. There are risks that a counterparty may default at a time when the collateral has declined in value, or a counterparty may become insolvent, which may affect the Fund's right to control the collateral. If the Fund's counterparty should default on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from recovering the collateral, or if the value of the collateral is insufficient, the Fund may realize a loss. Repurchase agreements are subject to credit risk.
Risk Management
Management undertakes certain analyses with the intention of identifying particular types of risks and reducing the Fund's exposure to them. However, risk is an essential part of investing, and the degree of return an investor might expect is often tied to the degree of risk the investor is willing to accept. By its very nature, risk involves exposure to the possibility of adverse events. Accordingly, no risk management program can eliminate the Fund's exposure to such events; at best, it can only reduce the possibility that the Fund will be affected by adverse events, and especially those risks that are not intrinsic to the Fund's investment program. While the prospectus describes material risk factors associated with the Fund's investment program, there is no assurance that as a particular situation unfolds in the markets, the Portfolio Managers will identify all of the risks that might affect the Fund, rate their probability or potential magnitude correctly, or be able to take appropriate measures to reduce the Fund's exposure to them. Measures taken with the intention of decreasing exposure to identified risks might have the unintended effect of increasing exposure to other risks.
Risk of Programming and Modeling Error
The success of the sub-advisor's investment strategy depends largely on the effectiveness of its research models for screening assets for investment. Assets selected using models and programs can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole or securities selected using only fundamental analysis, which could adversely affect value. Factors that affect an asset's value can change over time and these changes may not be reflected in the quantitative model. The data used to build the model is extremely complex and involves financial, economic, econometric and statistical theories which are then translated into computer code to create the applicable program. Human judgment plays a role in building, utilizing, testing and modifying the financial algorithms and formulas used in these models. Additionally, the data, which is typically supplied by third parties, can be imprecise or become stale due to new events or changing circumstances. Market performance can be affected by non-quantitative factors (for example, investor fear or over-reaction or other emotional considerations) that are not easily integrated into modeling programs. There may also be errors in the code for the models or issues relating to the computer systems used to screen securities. The sub-advisor's security selection can be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data, and there is a risk that the finished model may contain errors; one or more of which could adversely affect a Fund's performance.
Sector Risk
The Fund's investing approach may dictate an emphasis on certain sectors or sub-sectors of the market at any given time. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in one sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market, it thereby presents a more concentrated risk and its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors or sub-sectors. In addition, the value of the Fund's shares may change at different rates compared to the value of shares of another Fund with investments in a more diversified mix of sectors and industries. An individual sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market may have above-average performance during particular periods, but may also move up and down more than the broader market. The industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. The Fund's performance could also be affected if the sectors, industries, or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or industries may adversely affect performance.
Segregated Assets Risk
In connection with certain transactions that may give rise to future payment obligations, including short sales and investments in derivatives, the Fund may be required to maintain a segregated amount of, or otherwise earmark, cash or liquid securities to cover the position. Segregated or earmarked securities cannot be sold while the position or transaction they are covering is outstanding, unless they are replaced with other securities of equal value. There is the possibility that the segregation or earmarking of a large percentage of the Fund's assets may, in some circumstances, limit the Fund's ability to take advantage of investment opportunities or meet redemption requests.
Short Position Risk
The Fund's short positions are subject to special risks. A short position involves the sale by the Fund of a security that it does not own. The Fund then intends to purchase the same security at a later date at a lower price. The Fund may enter into a short position through a forward commitment, a futures contract or swap agreement. If the price of the security or derivative has increased during the time the Fund holds the short position, then the Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price from the time that the short position was entered into plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. Therefore, short positions involve the risk that losses may be exaggerated, potentially losing more money than the actual cost of the investment. The Fund's losses are potentially unlimited in a short position because the price appreciation of the security that the Fund is required to purchase is unlimited. In addition, because the Fund may invest the proceeds of a short sale, the Fund may be subject to the effect of leverage, in that it amplifies changes in the Fund's NAV since it increases the exposure of the Fund to the market. Also, there is the risk that the third party to the short position may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to the Fund.
Subsidiary Risk
There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Subsidiary will be achieved. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act, and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. However, the Fund wholly owns and controls the Subsidiary, and the Fund and the Subsidiary are both managed by the Manager and the sub-advisor pursuant to separate agreements, making it unlikely that the Subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Board of Trustees has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including its investment in the Subsidiary, and the Fund's role as sole shareholder of the Subsidiary. Changes in the laws of the United
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
15 |
States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or Subsidiary to operate as described in this Prospectus and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands government has undertaken not to impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns. Rulemaking by the CFTC or other regulatory initiatives may affect the Fund's ability to use the Subsidiary to pursue its investment strategies. As of the date of this Prospectus, the potential impact of these initiatives on the Fund is uncertain.
Tax Risk
To qualify as a RIC and receive the "modified pass-through" tax treatment accorded thereto (as described in the SAI), the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from sources treated as "qualifying income" under Subchapter M. Although qualifying income does not include income derived directly from commodities, including certain commodity-linked derivative instruments — and the Fund, therefore will restrict its gross income from direct investments therein to a maximum of 10% of its gross income for each taxable year — the Fund's investment in the Subsidiary is expected to provide the Fund with exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of the federal tax requirements of Subchapter M. The IRS issued a large number of private letter rulings ("PLRs") (which the Fund may not cite as precedent) beginning in 2006 that income a RIC derives from a wholly owned foreign subsidiary (a "controlled foreign corporation" or "CFC") (such as the Subsidiary) that earns income derived from commodity-linked derivative instruments is qualifying income. The IRS suspended the issuance of new such PLRs in July 2011. More importantly, proposed Treasury regulations published on September 28, 2016, would limit qualifying income for a RIC from a CFC to distributions the CFC makes to the RIC out of its associated earnings and profits for the applicable taxable year. Although the Fund currently does receive distributions from the Subsidiary out of such earnings and profits each taxable year, if in one or more taxable years the Fund did not receive distributions thereof (or received less than all of same) or the IRS concluded that the amounts it did receive were not "distributions" for federal income tax purposes, the Fund might have difficulty in those years satisfying one of the requirements to qualify as a RIC. See "Tax Information" in the SAI for further information regarding the federal income tax treatment to RICs of income from CFCs and commodity-linked instruments. The federal income tax treatment of the Fund's commodity-linked investments and income from the Subsidiary may be materially adversely affected by future legislation, other Treasury regulations, and/or guidance issued by the IRS that could affect whether income from such investments is qualifying income under Subchapter M, or otherwise materially affect the character, timing or recognition, and/or amount of the Fund's taxable income and/or net capital gains and, therefore, the distributions the Fund makes. If the Fund were unable to qualify as a RIC for one or more taxable years, it would incur potentially significant federal income tax expense. In certain such instances, its income available for distribution to shareholders would be reduced and all such distributions from current or accumulated earnings and profits would be taxable to them as dividend income. In that event, the Fund may not utilize all the potential additional investment strategies.
U.S. Government Securities and Government-Sponsored Enterprises Risk
A security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States is guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Additionally, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This could result in losses to the Fund. Investments in securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises are debt obligations issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government. These obligations vary in the level of support they receive from the U.S. Government. They may be: (i) supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, such as those of Ginnie Mae'; (ii) supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Farm Credit Banks; (iii) supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency obligations, such as those of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac or (iv) supported only by the credit of the issuer, such as those of the Federal Farm Credit Bureau. The U.S. Government may choose not to provide financial support to U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities if it is not legally obligated to do so, in which case, if the issuer defaulted, to the extent the Fund holds securities of such issuer, it might not be able to recover its investment from the U.S. Government.
Valuation Risk
This is the risk that the Fund has valued a security at a price different from the price at which it can be sold. This risk may be especially pronounced for investments, such as derivatives, which may be illiquid or which may become illiquid and for securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility. If market conditions make it difficult to value certain investments, the Fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair-value methodologies. Investors who purchase or redeem Fund shares on days when the Fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares, or lower or higher redemption proceeds, than they would have received if the Fund had not fair-valued the securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The value of foreign securities, certain fixed income securities and currencies, as applicable, may be materially affected by events after the close of the markets on which they are traded, but before the Fund determines its NAV. The Fund's ability to value its investments in an accurate and timely manner may be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by third party service providers, such as pricing services or accounting agents.
Volatility Risk
The Fund may have investments that appreciate or decrease significantly in value over short periods of time. This may cause the Fund's NAV to experience significant increases or declines in value over short periods of time. Because the Fund may use some derivatives that involve economic leverage, this economic leverage will increase the volatility of a derivative instrument, as they may increase or decrease in value more quickly than the reference asset.
Additional Information About Performance Benchmark
The annual total return of the Fund will be compared to the BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month Treasury Bill Index. The BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month Treasury Bill Index is designed to measure the total return on cash, including price and interest income, based on short-term government Treasury Bills of about 90-day maturity. AHL uses a benchmark agnostic approach to investing. Thus, exposure to individual investments, use of instruments, volatility and tracking error will differ and as a result performance of the Fund is expected to vary significantly from that of the BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month Treasury Bill Index.
Notice Regarding Index Data
Source BofA Merrill Lynch, used with permission. BOFA MERRILL LYNCH IS LICENSING THE BOFA MERRILL LYNCH INDICES AND RELATED DATA "AS IS," MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING SAME, DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE SUITABILITY, QUALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, AND/OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INDICES OR ANY DATA INCLUDED IN, RELATED TO, OR DERIVED THEREFROM, ASSUMES NO LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR USE, AND DOES NOT SPONSOR, ENDORSE, OR RECOMMEND American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
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Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
Fund Management
The Manager
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC. (the "Manager") serves as the Manager and administrator of the Fund. The Manager, located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039, is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC, which is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC and Estancia Capital Partners L.P.
The Manager was organized in 1986 to provide investment management, advisory, and administrative services. The Manager is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Manager is also registered as a commodity pool operator (''CPO'') under the Commodity Exchange Act and serves as the CPO with respect to the Fund.
Normally, under CFTC regulations, if a registered investment company, such as the Fund, has less than a three-year operating history, the Manager is required to show the performance of all accounts and pools managed by the Manager that have investment objectives, policies, and strategies substantially similar to the Fund. The Manager is not providing such performance as the Manager does not have any such accounts or pools.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid, in aggregate, management fees to the Manager and investment advisory fees to the sub-advisor equal to 1.01% of the Fund's daily average net assets, net of waivers.
The Manager also may receive 10% of the net monthly income generated from the Fund's securities lending activities as compensation for oversight of the Fund's securities lending program, including the securities lending agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Fund to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions in shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager.
As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund does not intend to engage in securities lending activities.
A discussion of the Board's consideration and approval of the Management Agreement between the Fund and the Manager and the Investment Advisory Agreement among the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the sub-advisor and the Manager, is available in the Fund's annual report for the period ended December 31, 2016.
The Manager has contractually agreed from time to time to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses for the Fund in order to maintain competitive expense ratios for the Fund. The Board has approved a policy whereby the Manager may seek repayment for any contractual or voluntary fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the contractual percentage limit.
The Sub-Advisor
Set forth below is a brief description of the sub-advisor and its Chief Investment Officer and Head of Portfolio Management with joint and primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund. The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the sub-advisor's Chief Investment Officer and Head of Portfolio Management, including other accounts they manage, their ownership in the Fund and their compensation.
AHL PARTNERS LLP ("AHL") , is located at 2 Swan Lane, London, United Kingdom EC4R 3AD. AHL is an investment management firm. The firm managed approximately $18.8 billion in assets as of March 31, 2017. AHL is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") and SEC in the conduct of its regulated activities. AHL is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. AHL is also registered as a "commodity pool operator" and "commodity trading advisor" with the CFTC and is a member of the National Futures Association ("NFA").
Matthew Sargaison is the Chief Investment Officer for AHL, with overall responsibility for investment management and research. He served as Chief Risk Officer between 2009 and 2012, prior to which he spent 13 years working at Deutsche Bank, Barclays Capital and UBS. Matthew originally worked for AHL from 1992 to 1995 as a trading system researcher and institutional product designer.
Russell Korgaonkar is Head of Portfolio Management at AHL. Mr. Korgaonkar joined the company in February 2001, and spent several years researching and building single-stock trading systems, including statistical arbitrage and fundamental factor models. He managed the equity neutral fund Man MAC Daylami from inception in 2005 until 2009, before concentrating on directional systems including a sector based equities model. He moved to his current role in March 2011, and has brought practical experience to the managed futures programs, where his team is responsible for high-level portfolio construction, investment management, and research.
The Subsidiary
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary is organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and is overseen by its own board of directors. The Fund is the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary. It is not currently expected that shares of the Subsidiary will be sold or offered to other investors. If, at any time, the Subsidiary proposes to offer or sell its shares to any investor other than the Fund, you will receive 60 days prior notice of such offer or sale.
As with the Fund, the Manager and the sub-advisor are responsible for the Subsidiary's day-to-day business pursuant to separate agreements with the Subsidiary. Under these agreements, the Manager and the sub-advisor provide the Subsidiary with the same type of management services, under the same terms, as are provided to the Fund. The Manager and the sub-advisor receive no compensation for the services they provide to the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary has also entered into separate contracts for the provision of custody, and audit services with the same service providers that provide those services to the Fund.
The Fund's principal investment strategies and principal risks reflect the aggregate principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Fund and the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary will be managed pursuant to compliance policies and procedures that are the same, in all material respects, as the policies and procedures adopted by the Fund. As a result, the Manager and the sub-advisor are subject to the same investment policies and restrictions that apply to the management of the Fund, and, in particular, to applicable Investment Company Act requirements relating to transactions with affiliates, custody, portfolio leverage, liquidity, brokerage, and the timing and method of the valuation of the Subsidiary's portfolio investments. These policies and restrictions are described in detail in the Fund's SAI. The Fund's Chief Compliance Officer oversees implementation of the Subsidiary's policies and procedures, and makes periodic reports to the Fund's Board regarding the Subsidiary's compliance with its policies and procedures. To the extent the Subsidiary invests in commodity-linked derivative instruments, it will comply with the same segregation and asset coverage requirements that are applicable to the Fund's transactions in derivatives under the Investment Company Act.
Prospectus – Fund Management |
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The financial statements of the Subsidiary are consolidated with the Fund's financial statements, which are included in the Fund's annual and semi-annual reports. Those reports are distributed to shareholders, and copies of the reports are provided without charge upon request as indicated on the back cover of this Prospectus. Please refer to the SAI for additional information about the organization and management of the Subsidiary.
Valuation of Shares
The price of the Fund's shares is based on its NAV per share. The Fund's NAV is computed by adding total assets, subtracting all of the Fund's liabilities, and dividing the result by the total number of shares outstanding.
The NAV of each class of the Fund's shares is determined based on a pro rata allocation of the Fund's investment income, expenses and total capital gains and losses. The Fund's NAV per share is determined each business day as of the regular close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (‘‘NYSE‘'), which is typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. However, if trading on the NYSE closes at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, the Fund's NAV per share typically would still be determined as of the regular close of trading on the NYSE. The Fund does not price its shares on days that the NYSE is closed. Foreign exchanges may permit trading in foreign securities on days when the Fund is not open for business, which may result in the value of the Fund's portfolio investments being affected at a time when you are unable to buy or sell shares.
Equity securities and certain derivative instruments that are traded on an exchange are valued based on market value. Certain derivative instruments (other than short-term securities) usually are valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service. The price of debt securities generally is determined using pricing services or quotes obtained from broker/dealers who may consider a number of inputs and factors, such as comparable characteristics, yield curve, credit spreads, estimated default rates, coupon rates, underlying collateral and estimated cash flow. Investments in other mutual funds are valued at the closing NAV per share of the mutual funds on the day of valuation. Equity securities, including shares of closed-end funds and ETFs, are valued at the last sale price or official closing price.
The valuation of securities traded on foreign markets and certain fixed income securities will generally be based on prices determined as of the earlier closing time of the markets on which they primarily trade, unless a significant event has occurred. When the Fund holds securities or other assets that are denominated in a foreign currency, the Fund will normally use the currency exchange rates as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
Securities may be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith and pursuant to procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, under certain limited circumstances. For example, fair value pricing will be used when market quotations are not readily available or reliable, as determined by the Manager, such as when (i) trading for a security is restricted or stopped; (ii) a security's trading market is closed (other than customary closings); or (iii) a security has been de-listed from a national exchange. A security with limited market liquidity may require fair value pricing if the Manager determines that the available price does not reflect the security's true market value. In addition, if a significant event that the Manager determines to affect the value of one or more securities held by the Fund occurs after the close of a related exchange but before the determination of the Fund's NAV, fair value pricing may be used on the affected security or securities. Securities of small capitalization companies are also more likely to require a fair value determination using these procedures because they are more thinly traded and less liquid than the securities of larger capitalization companies. The Fund may fair value securities as a result of significant events occurring after the close of the foreign markets in which the Fund invests. In addition, the Fund may invest in illiquid securities requiring these procedures.
Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Manager compares the new market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fund's fair valuation procedures. If any significant discrepancies are found, the Manager may adjust the Fund's fair valuation procedures. You may view the Fund's most recent NAV per share at www.americanbeaconfunds.com by clicking on ‘‘Quick Links'' and then ‘‘Daily NAVs.''
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Prospectus – Fund Management |
About Your Investment
Choosing Your Share Class
The Fund offers various classes of shares. Each share class of the Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities for the Fund, but each class has its own sales charge and expense structure and combination of purchase restrictions, sales charges and ongoing fees, allowing you to choose the class that best fits your situation.
Factors you should consider when choosing a class of shares include:
How long you expect to own the shares;
How much you intend to invest;
Total expenses associated with owning shares of each class;
Whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges;
Whether you plan to take any distributions in the near future; and
Availability of share classes.
Each investor's financial considerations are different. You should speak with your financial adviser to help you decide which share class is best for you.
A Class Charges and Waivers
The table below shows the amount of sales charges you will pay on purchases of A Class shares of the Fund both as a percentage of offering price and as a percentage of the amount you invest. The sales charge differs depending upon the amount you invest and may be reduced or eliminated for larger purchases as indicated below. If you invest more, the sales charge will be lower.
Any applicable sales charge will be deducted directly from your investment. Because of rounding of the calculation in determining the sales charges, you may pay more or less than what is shown in the table below. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or other distributions are not subject to a front-end sales charge. You may qualify for a reduced sales charge or the sales charge may be waived as described below in ‘‘A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers.''
Amount of Sale/ Account Value |
As a % of Offering Price |
As a % of Investment |
Dealer Commission as a % of Offering Price |
Less than $50,000 |
5.75% |
6.10% |
5.00% |
$50,000 but less than $100,000 |
4.75% |
4.99% |
4.00% |
$100,000 but less than $250,000 |
3.75% |
3.90% |
3.00% |
$250,000 but less than $500,000 |
2.75% |
2.83% |
2.05% |
$500,000 but less than $1 million |
2.00% |
2.04% |
1.50% |
$1 million and above |
0.00% |
0.00% |
|
No initial sales charge applies on purchases of $1,000,000 or more. A CDSC of 0.50% of the offering price will be charged on purchases of $1,000,000 or more that are redeemed in whole or in part within eighteen (18) months of purchase.
See ''Dealer Concessions on A Class Purchases Without a Front-End Sales Charge''.
Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the ''Distributor'') retains any portion of the commissions that are not paid to financial intermediaries to solely pay distribution-related expenses.
A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
A shareholder may qualify for a waiver or reduction in sales charges under certain circumstances. To receive a waiver or reduction in your A Class sales charge, you must advise the Fund's transfer agent, your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of your eligibility at the time of purchase. If you, or your financial intermediary, do not let the Fund's transfer agent know that you are eligible for a reduction, you may not receive a sales charge discount to which you are otherwise entitled.
Waiver of Sales Charges
There is no sales charge if you invest $1 million or more in A Class shares.
Sales charges also may be waived for certain shareholders or transactions, such as:
The Manager or its affiliates;
Present and former directors, trustees, officers, employees of the Manager, the Manager's parent company, and American Beacon Funds (and their ‘‘immediate family'' as defined in the SAI), and retirement plans established by them for their employees;
Registered representatives or employees of intermediaries that have selling agreement with the Fund;
Shares acquired through merger or acquisition;
Insurance company separate accounts;
Employer-sponsored retirement plans;
Dividend reinvestment programs;
Purchases through certain fee-based programs under which investors pay advisory fees that may be offered through selected registered investment advisers, broker-dealers, and other financial intermediaries;
Shareholders that purchase the Fund through a financial intermediary that offers our A Class shares uniformly on a ‘‘no load'' (or reduced load) basis to you and all similarly situated customers of the intermediary in accordance with the intermediary's prescribed fee schedule for purchases of fund shares; and
Reinvestment of proceeds within 90 days of a redemption from A Class account (see Redemption Policies for more information).
The availability of A Class sales charge waivers may depend upon the policies, procedures, and trading platform of your financial intermediary.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
19 |
Reduced Sales Charges
Under a ''Rights of Accumulation Program,'' a ''Letter of Intent'' or through ''Concurrent Purchases'' you may be eligible to buy A Class shares of the Fund at the reduced sales charge rates that would apply to a larger purchase. The Fund reserves the right to modify or to cease offering these programs at any time.
This information is available, free of charge, on the Fund's website, www.americanbeaconfunds.com or call (800) 658-5811 or consult with your financial advisor.
Dealer Concessions on A Class Purchases Without a Front-End Sales Charge
Brokers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Fund may receive a dealer concession from the Fund's Distributor of 0.50% of the offering price. If a client or broker is unable to provide account verification on purchases of $1,000,000 or more, the dealer concession will be forfeited by the broker and front-end sales loads will apply. Dealer concessions will not be paid on shares purchased by exchange or shares that were previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer concession. Dealer concessions will be paid only on eligible purchases where the applicability of the CDSC can be monitored. Purchases eligible for sales charge waivers as described under ''A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers'' are not eligible for dealer concessions on purchases of $1,000,000 or more.
Rights of Accumulation Program
Under the Rights of Accumulation Program, you may qualify for a reduced sales charge for A Class shares by aggregating all of your investments held in certain accounts (‘'Qualified Accounts''). The following Qualified Accounts holding any share class of the American Beacon Funds may be grouped together to qualify for the reduced sales charge under the Rights of Accumulation Program or Letter of Intent:
Accounts owned by you, your spouse or your minor children under the age of 21, including trust or other fiduciary accounts in which you, your spouse or your minor children are the beneficiary;
Uniform transfer or gift to minor accounts (‘‘UTMA/UGTMA'');
Individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"), including traditional, Roth, SEP and SIMPLE IRAs; and
Coverdell Education Savings Accounts or qualified 529 plans.
A fiduciary can apply a right of accumulation to all shares purchased for a trust, estate or other fiduciary account that has multiple accounts.
You must notify your financial intermediary or the Fund's transfer agent, in the case of shares held directly with the Fund, at the time of purchase that a purchase qualifies for a reduced sales charge under the Rights of Accumulation Program. In addition, you must provide either a list of account numbers or copies of account statements verifying your qualification. You may combine the historical cost or current value, as of the day prior to your additional American Beacon Funds' purchase (whichever is higher) of your existing American Beacon Funds' mutual fund with the amount of your current purchase in order to take advantage of the reduced sales charge. Historical cost is the price you actually paid for the shares you own, plus your reinvested dividends and other distributions. If you are using historical cost to qualify for a reduced sales charge, you should retain any records to substantiate your historical costs since the Fund, its transfer agent or your financial intermediary may not maintain this information.
If your shares are held through financial intermediaries and/or in a retirement account (such as a 401(k) or employee benefit plan), you may combine the current NAV of your existing American Beacon Funds mutual fund investment with the amount of your current purchase in order to take advantage of the reduced sales charge. You or your financial intermediary must notify the Funds' transfer agent at the time of purchase that a purchase qualifies for a reduced sales charge and provide copies of account statements dated within three months of your current purchase verifying your qualification.
Upon receipt of the above referenced supporting documentation, the financial intermediary or the Fund's transfer agent will calculate the combined value of all of your Qualified Accounts to determine if the current purchase is eligible for a reduced sales charge. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of a dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with purchases for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
Letter of Intent
If you plan to invest at least $50,000 (excluding any reinvestment of dividends and other distributions) during the next 13 months in any class of the Fund, you may qualify for a reduced sales charge for purchases of A Class shares by completing the Letter of Intent section of your account application.
A Letter of Intent indicates your intent to purchase at least $50,000 in any class of the American Beacon Funds over the next 13 months in exchange for a reduced A Class sales charge indicated on the above tables. The minimum initial investment under a Letter of Intent is $2,500. You are not obligated to purchase additional shares if you complete a Letter of Intent. However, if you do not buy enough shares to qualify for the projected level of sales charge by the end of the 13-month period (or when you sell your shares, if earlier), your sales charge will be recalculated to reflect your actual purchase level. During the term of the Letter of Intent, shares representing 5% of your intended purchase will be held in escrow. If you do not purchase enough shares during the 13-month period to qualify for the projected reduced sales charge, the additional sales charge will be deducted from your account. If you have purchased shares of any American Beacon mutual fund within 90 days prior to signing a Letter of Intent, they may be included as part of your intended purchase, however, previous purchase transactions will not be recalculated with the proposed new breakpoint. You must provide either a list of account numbers or copies of account statements verifying your purchases within the past 90 days.
Concurrent Purchases
You may combine simultaneous purchases in shares of any of the American Beacon Funds to qualify for a reduced charge.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (''CDSC'') — A Class Shares
Unless a waiver applies, investors who purchase $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Fund (and, thus, pay no initial sales charge) will be subject to a 0.50% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within 18 months after they are purchased. The CDSC does not apply if you are otherwise eligible to purchase A Class shares without an initial sales charge or are eligible for one of the waivers described herein or in the SAI.
CDSC— C Class Shares
If you redeem C Class shares within 12 months of purchase, you may be charged a CDSC of 1%. The CDSC generally will be deducted from your redemption proceeds. In some circumstances, you may be eligible for one of the waivers described herein or in the SAI. You must advise the transfer agent of your eligibility for a waiver when you place your redemption request.
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Prospectus – About Your Investment |
How CDSCs will be Calculated
The amount of the CDSC will be based on the NAV of the redeemed shares at the time of the redemption or the original NAV, whichever is lower. Because of the rounding of the calculation in determining the CDSC, you may pay more or less than the indicated rate. Your CDSC holding period is based upon the date of your purchase. The CDSCs will be deducted from the proceeds of your redemption, not from amounts remaining in your account. A CDSC is not imposed on any increase in NAV over the initial purchase price or shares you received through the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares, the Fund will redeem your shares in the following order:
shares acquired by the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions;
other shares that are not subject to the CDSC;
shares held the longest during the holding period.
Waiver of CDSCs — A and C Class Shares
A shareholder may qualify for a CDSC waiver under certain circumstances. To have your CDSC waived, you must advise the Fund's transfer agent, your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of your eligibility at the time of redemption. If you or your financial intermediary do not let the Fund's transfer agent know that you are eligible for a waiver, you may not receive a waiver to which might otherwise be otherwise entitled.
The CDSC may be waived if:
The redemption is due to a shareholder's death or post-purchase disability;
The redemption is from a systematic withdrawal plan and represents no more than 10% of your annual account value;
The redemption is a benefit payment made from a qualified retirement plan, unless the redemption is due to the termination of the plan or the transfer of the plan to another financial institution;
The redemption is for a mandatory withdrawal from a traditional IRA account after age 70 1/2 ;
The redemption is due to involuntary redemptions by the Fund as a result of your account not meeting the minimum balance requirements, the termination and liquidation of the Fund, or other actions;
The redemption is from accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a written agreement with the Distributor (or Manager) allowing this waiver;
The redemption is to return excess contributions made to a retirement plan; or
The redemption is to return contributions made due to a mistake of fact.
The SAI contains further details about the CDSC and the conditions for waiving the CDSC.
Information regarding CDSC waivers for A and C Class shares is available, free of charge, on the Fund's website. Please visit www.americanbeaconfunds.com. You may also call (800) 658-5811 or consult with your financial advisor.
Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions Available Through Certain Financial Intermediaries
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Different intermediaries may impose different sales charges (including potential reductions in or waivers of sales charges). Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers." Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference (is legally a part of this Prospectus).
In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.
Purchase and Redemption of Shares
Eligibility
The A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares offered in this Prospectus are available to eligible investors who meet the minimum initial investment. American Beacon Funds do not accept accounts registered to foreign individuals or entities, including foreign correspondent accounts. The Fund does not conduct operations and is not offered for purchase outside of the United States.
Subject to your eligibility, you may invest in the Fund directly or through intermediary organizations, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, plan sponsors, third party administrators, and retirement plans.
If you invest directly with the Fund, the fees and policies with respect to the Fund's shares that are outlined in this Prospectus are set by the Fund. The Manager and the Fund are not responsible for determining the suitability of the Fund or share class for any investor.
Because in most cases it is more advantageous for investors using an intermediary to purchase A Class shares than C Class shares for amounts of $1,000,000 or more, the Fund will decline a request to purchase C Class shares for $1,000,000 or more.
If you invest through a financial intermediary, most of the information you will need for managing your investment will come from your financial intermediary. This includes information on how to buy, sell and exchange shares of the Fund. If you establish an account through a financial intermediary, the investment minimums described in this section may not apply. Investors investing in the Fund through a financial intermediary should consult with their financial intermediary to ensure they obtain any proper ''breakpoint'' discount and regarding the differences between available share classes. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary also may charge fees that are in addition to those described in this Prospectus. Please contact your intermediary for information regarding investment minimums, how to purchase and redeem shares and applicable fees.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
21 |
Minimum Initial Investment by Share Class
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$ 250 |
A; Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$ 250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Investor Class shares are also available to traditional IRA or Roth IRA shareholders investing directly in the Fund. The minimum investment is $2,500. A traditional IRA or Roth IRA invested directly will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15.00 by the Custodian.
The Manager may allow a reasonable period of time after opening an account for a Y Class or Institutional Class investor to meet the initial investment requirement. In addition, for investors such as trust companies and financial advisors who make investments for a group of clients, the minimum initial investment can be met through aggregated purchase orders for more than one client.
Opening an Account
You may open an account through your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. Please contact your financial intermediary for more information on how to open an account. Shares you purchase through your broker-dealer will normally be held in your account with that firm.
To open an account directly with the Fund, a completed, signed application is required. You may obtain an account application from the Fund's website www.americanbeaconfunds.com or by calling 1-800-658-5811. Institutional shareholders should call 1-800-967-9009.
Complete the application, sign it and send it:
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an account, you will be asked for information that will allow the Fund or your financial institution to identify you. Non-public corporations and other entities may be required to provide articles of incorporation, trust or partnership agreements, and Social Security or other taxpayer identification numbers on the account or other documentation. The Fund is required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided.
The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a shareholder's account at the current day's NAV and remit proceeds via check if the Fund or a financial institution is unable to verify the shareholder's identity within three days of account opening.
Purchase Policies
Shares of the Fund are offered and purchase orders are typically accepted until 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) on each day on which the NYSE is open for business. If a purchase order is received by the Fund in good order prior to the Fund's deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share next determined on that day, plus any applicable sales charges. If a purchase order is received in good order after the applicable deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share of the following day that the Fund is open for business plus any applicable sales charge. Shares of the Fund will only be issued against full payment, as described more fully in this Prospectus and SAI.
The Fund has authorized certain third party financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, third-party administrators and trust companies, to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund and to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund. The Fund is deemed to have received such orders when they are received by the financial intermediaries or their designees. Thus, an order to purchase or sell Fund shares will be priced at the Fund's next determined NAV after receipt by the financial intermediary or its designee. It is the responsibility of your broker-dealer or financial intermediary to transmit orders that will be received by the Fund in proper form and in a timely manner.
Fund shares may be purchased only in U.S. States and Territories in which they can be legally sold. Prospective investors should inquire as to whether shares of the Fund are available for offer and sale in their jurisdiction. The Fund reserves the right to refuse purchases if, in the judgment of the Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund has the right to reject any purchase order or cease offering any or all classes of shares at any time. Checks to purchase shares are accepted subject to collection at full face value in U.S. funds and must be drawn in U.S. dollars on a U.S. bank. The Fund will not accept ‘‘starter'' checks, credit card checks, money orders, cashier's checks, or third-party checks.
If your payment is not received and collected, your purchase may be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund or the Manager has incurred. Under applicable anti-money laundering regulations and other federal regulations, purchase orders may be suspended, restricted or canceled and the monies may be withheld.
Please refer to the section titled ‘‘Frequent Trading and Market Timing'' for information on the Fund's policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Redemption Policies
If you purchased shares of the Fund through your financial intermediary, please contact your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary to sell shares of the Fund.
The redemption price will be the NAV next determined after a redemption request is received in good order, minus any applicable CDSC and/or redemption fees. In order to receive the redemption price calculated on a particular business day, redemption requests must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first).
22 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
Wire proceeds from redemption requests received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) generally are transmitted to shareholders on the next day the Fund is open for business. In any event, proceeds from a redemption request will typically be transmitted to a shareholder by no later than seven days after the receipt of a redemption request in good order. Delivery of proceeds from shares purchased by check or pre-authorized automatic investment may be delayed until the funds have cleared, which may take up to ten days.
You may, within 90 days of redemption, reinvest all or part of the proceeds of your redemption of A or C Class shares of the Fund, without incurring any applicable additional sales charge, in the same class of another American Beacon Fund, by sending a written request and a check to your financial intermediary or directly to the Fund. Reinvestment must be into the same account from which you redeemed the shares or received the distribution. Proceeds from a redemption and all dividend payments and other distributions will be reinvested in the same share class from which the original redemption or distribution was made. Reinvestment will be at the NAV next calculated after the Fund receives your request. You must notify the Fund and your financial intermediary at the time of investment if you decide to exercise this privilege.
The Fund reserves the right to suspend redemptions or postpone the date of payment for more than seven days (i) when the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) when trading on the NYSE is restricted; (iii) when the SEC determines that an emergency exists so that disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) by order of the SEC for protection of the Fund's shareholders.
Although the Fund intends to redeem shares in cash, the Fund reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets held by the Fund. To the extent that the Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
Please refer to the section titled ‘‘Frequent Trading and Market Timing'' for information on the Fund's policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Exchange Policies
If you purchased shares of the Fund through your financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary to determine if you may take advantage of the exchange policies described in this section and for its policies to effect an exchange.
Shares of any class of the Fund may be converted to shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund under certain limited circumstances. Since an exchange involves a concurrent redemption and purchase, please review the sections titled ‘‘Redemption Policies'' and ‘‘Purchase Policies'' for additional limitations that apply to redemptions and purchases. There is no front-end sales charge on exchanges between A Class shares of the Fund for A Class shares of another fund. Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC in an exchange to shares of another fund having a CDSC however, shares exchanged between funds that impose a CDSC will be charged a CDSC if redeemed within 12 months or 18 months, as applicable, of the purchase of the initial shares.
Before exchanging shares, shareholders should consider how the exchange may affect any CDSC that might be imposed on the subsequent redemption of remaining shares.
If shares were purchased by check, a shareholder must have owned shares of the redeeming fund for at least ten days prior to exchanging out of one fund and into another.
The eligibility and minimum investment requirement must be met for the class into which the shareholder is exchanging. Fund shares may be acquired through exchange only in U.S. states and Territories in which they can be legally sold. The Fund reserves the right to charge a fee and to modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time. The Fund reserves the right to refuse exchange requests if, in the judgment of the Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. Please refer to the section titled "Frequent Trading and Market Timing" for information on the Fund's policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Shares of any class of the Fund may be converted to shares of another class of the same fund under certain limited circumstances. For federal income tax purposes, the conversion of shares of one share class of the Fund to shares of a different share class of the Fund will not result in the realization of a capital gain or loss. However, as noted above, an exchange of shares of the Fund for shares of a different American Beacon Fund will be considered a redemption and a concurrent purchase, respectively, and thus may result in a gain or loss for those purposes. There can be no assurance of any particular tax treatment, however, and you are urged and advised to consult with your own tax advisor regarding a share class conversion or exchange of Fund shares.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
23 |
How to Purchase, Redeem or Exchange Shares
If your account is through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, please contact them directly to purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Fund. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary can help you open a new account, review your financial needs and formulate long-term investment goals and objectives. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary will transmit your request to the Fund and may charge you a fee for this service. The Fund will not accept a purchase order of $1,000,000 or more for C Class shares if the purchase is known to be on behalf of a single investor (not including dealer "street name" or omnibus accounts). Dealers, other financial intermediaries or fiduciaries purchasing shares for their customers are responsible for determining the suitability of a particular share class for an investor. You should include the following information with any order:
Your name/account registration
Your account number
Type of Transaction requested
Fund Name and Fund Numbers
Dollar amount or number of shares
Transactions for direct shareholders are conducted through:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class Only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
PO Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
Purchases by Wire:
Send a bank wire to State Street Bank and Trust Co. with these instructions:
ABA# 0110-0002-8; AC-9905-342-3,
Attn: American Beacon Funds
the fund name and fund number, and
shareholder account number and registration.
Redemption Proceeds will be mailed to account of record or transmitted to commercial bank designated on the account application form.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Supporting documents may be required for redemptions by estates, trusts, guardianships, custodians, corporations, and welfare, pension and profit sharing plans. Redemption requests must also include authorized signature(s) of all persons required to sign for the account. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions.
To protect the Fund and your account from fraud, a STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantee is required for redemption orders:
with a request to send the proceeds to an address or commercial bank account other than the address or commercial bank account designated on the account application,
for an account whose address has changed within the last 30 days if proceeds are sent by check, or
The Fund only accepts STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantees, which may be obtained at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions and further assistance.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its affiliates (at their own expense) may pay compensation to financial intermediaries for shareholder-related services and, if applicable, distribution-related services, including administrative, sub-transfer agency type, recordkeeping and shareholder communication services. For example, compensation may be paid to make Fund shares available to sales representatives and/or customers of a fund supermarket platform or similar program sponsor or for services provided in connection with such fund supermarket platforms and programs.
The amount of compensation paid to different financial intermediaries may differ. The compensation paid to a financial intermediary may be based on a variety of factors, including average assets under management in accounts distributed and/or serviced by the financial intermediary, gross sales by the financial intermediary and/or the number of accounts serviced by the financial intermediary that invest in the Fund. To the extent that the Fund pays any such compensation, it is designed to compensate the financial intermediary for providing services that would otherwise be provided by the Manager, the Fund or its transfer agent. To the extent the Fund affiliate pays such compensation, it would likely include amounts from that affiliate's own resources and constitute what is sometimes referred to as ''revenue sharing.''
Compensation received by a financial intermediary from the Manager or another Fund affiliate may include payments for marketing and/or training expenses incurred by the financial intermediary, including expenses incurred by the financial intermediary in educating (itself and) its salespersons with respect to Fund shares. For example, such compensation may include reimbursements for expenses incurred in attending educational seminars regarding the Fund, including
24 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
travel and lodging expenses. It may also cover costs incurred by financial intermediaries in connection with their efforts to sell Fund shares, including costs incurred compensating (registered) sales representatives and preparing, printing and distributing sales literature.
Any compensation received by a financial intermediary, whether from the Fund or its affiliate(s), and the prospect of receiving it may provide the financial intermediary with an incentive to recommend the shares of the Fund, or a certain class of shares of the Fund, over other potential investments. Similarly, the compensation may cause financial intermediaries to elevate the prominence of the Fund within its organization by, for example, placing it on a list of preferred funds. You should ask your financial intermediary for details about any such payments it receives from the Manager or the Distributor, or any other fees, expenses, or commissions your financial intermediary may charge you in addition to those disclosed in this Prospectus.
General Policies
If a shareholder's account balance falls below the following minimum levels, the shareholder may be asked to increase the balance.
Share Class |
Account Balance |
A |
$ 2,500 |
C |
$ 1,000 |
Investor |
$ 2,500 |
Y |
$25,000 |
Institutional |
$75,000 |
If the account balance remains below the applicable minimum account balance after 45 days, the Fund reserves the right to close the account and send the proceeds to the shareholder. A traditional IRA or a Roth IRA will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15.00 by the Custodian. The Fund reserves the authority to modify minimum account balances in its discretion.
A Signature Validation Program (‘‘SVP'') stamp may be required in order to change an account's registration or banking instructions. You may obtain a SVP stamp at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions, but not from a notary public. The SVP stamp is analogous to the STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantee in that it is provided at similar institutions. However, it is used only for non-financial transactions.
The following policies apply to instructions you may provide to the Fund by telephone:
The Fund, its officers, trustees, employees, or agents are not responsible for the authenticity of instructions provided by telephone, nor for any loss, liability, cost or expense incurred for acting on them.
The Fund employs procedures reasonably designed to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine.
Due to the volume of calls or other unusual circumstances, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement during certain time periods.
The Fund reserves the right to:
liquidate a shareholder's account at the current day's NAV and remit proceeds via check if the Fund or a financial institution are unable to verify the shareholder's identity within three business days of account opening,
seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by the Fund if payment for the purchase of Fund shares by check does not clear the shareholder's bank, and
reject a purchase order and seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by the Fund if funds are not received by the applicable wire deadline.
A shareholder will not be required to pay a CDSC when the registration for A Class or C Class shares is transferred to the name of another person or entity. The transfer may occur by absolute assignment, gift or bequest, as long as it does not involve, directly or indirectly, a public sale of the shares. When A Class or C Class shares are transferred, any applicable CDSC will continue to apply to the transferred shares and will be calculated as if the transferee had acquired the shares in the same manner and at the same time as the transferring shareholder.
Escheatment
Certain state escheatment laws may require the Fund to turn over your mutual fund account to the state listed in your account registration as abandoned property unless you contact the Fund. Many states have added ‘‘inactivity'' or the absence of customer initiated contact as a component of their rules and guidelines for the escheatment of unclaimed property. These states consider property to be abandoned when there is no shareholder initiated activity on an account for at least three (3) to five (5) years.
Depending on the laws in your jurisdiction, customer initiated contact might be achieved by one of the following methods:
Send a letter to American Beacon Funds via the United States Post Office,
Speak to a Customer Service Representative on the phone after you go through a security verification process. For residents of certain states, contact cannot be made by phone but must be in writing or through the Fund's secure web application,
Access your account through the Fund's secure web application,
Cashing checks that are received and are made payable to the owner of the account.
The Fund, the Manager, and the Transfer Agent will not be liable to shareholders or their representatives for good faith compliance with escheatment laws. To learn more about the escheatment rules for your particular state, please contact your attorney or State Treasurer's and/or Controller's Offices. If you do not hold your shares directly with the Fund, you should contact your broker-dealer, retirement plan, or other third-party intermediary regarding applicable state escheatment laws.
Contact information:
American Beacon Funds
Prospectus
– About Your Investment
25
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
1-800-658-5811
www.americanbeaconfunds.com
Frequent Trading and Market Timing
Frequent trading by Fund shareholders poses risks to other shareholders in the Fund, including (i) the dilution of the Fund's NAV, (ii) an increase in the Fund's expenses, and (iii) interference with the portfolio manager's ability to execute efficient investment strategies. Frequent, short-term trading of Fund shares in an attempt to profit from day-to-day fluctuations in the Fund's NAV is known as market timing.
The Fund's Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures intended to discourage frequent trading and market timing. Shareholders may transact one ‘‘round trip'' in the Fund in any rolling 90-day period. A ‘‘round trip'' is defined as two transactions, each in an opposite direction. A round trip may involve either (i) a purchase or exchange into the Fund followed by a redemption or exchange out of the Fund or (ii) a redemption or exchange out of the Fund followed by a purchase or exchange into the Fund. If the Manager detects that a shareholder has exceeded one round trip in the Fund in any rolling 90-day period, the Manager, without prior notice to the shareholder, may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases of the Fund. In general, the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, terminate the exchange privilege, or liquidate the account of any shareholder that the Manager determines has engaged in frequent trading or market timing, regardless of whether the shareholder's activity violates any policy stated in this Prospectus. Additionally, the Manager may in its discretion, reject any purchase or exchange into the Fund from any individual investor, institutional investor, or group whose trading activity could disrupt the management of the Fund or dilute the value of the Fund's shares, including collective trading (e.g., following the advice of an investment newsletter). Such investors may be barred from future purchases of American Beacon Funds.
The round-trip limit does not apply to the following transaction types:
shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and other distributions;
systematic purchases and redemptions;
shares redeemed to return excess IRA contributions; or
certain transactions made within a retirement or employee benefit plan, such as payroll contributions, minimum required distributions, loans, and hardship withdrawals, or other transactions that are initiated by a party other than the plan participant.
Financial intermediaries that offer Fund shares, such as broker-dealers, third-party administrators of retirement plans, and trust companies, will be asked to enforce the Fund's policies to discourage frequent trading and market timing by investors. However, certain intermediaries that offer Fund shares have informed the Fund that they are currently unable to enforce the Fund's policies on an automated basis. In those instances, the Manager will monitor trading activity of the intermediary in an attempt to detect patterns of activity that indicate frequent trading or market timing by underlying investors. In some cases, intermediaries that offer Fund shares have their own policies to deter frequent trading and market timing that differ from the Fund's policies. The Fund may defer to an intermediary's policies. For more information, please contact the financial intermediary through which you invest in the Fund.
The Manager monitors trading activity in the Fund to attempt to identify shareholders engaged in frequent trading or market timing. The Manager may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time. The ability of the Manager to detect frequent trading and market timing activity by investors who own shares through an intermediary is dependent upon the intermediary's provision of information necessary to identify transactions by the underlying investors. The Fund has entered into agreements with the intermediaries that service the Fund's investors, pursuant to which the intermediaries agree to provide information on investor transactions to the Fund and to act on the Fund's instructions to restrict transactions by investors who the Manager has identified as having violated the Fund's policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing.
Wrap programs offered by certain intermediaries may be designated ‘‘Qualified Wrap Programs'' by the Fund based on specific criteria established by the Fund and a certification by the intermediary that the criteria have been met. A Qualified Wrap Program is a wrap program whose sponsoring intermediary: (i) certifies that it has investment discretion over $50 million or more in client assets invested in mutual funds at the time of the certification, (ii) certifies that it directs transactions in accounts participating in the wrap program(s) in concert with changes in a model portfolio, (iii) provides the Manager a description of the wrap program(s), and (iv) managed by an intermediary that agrees to provide the Manager sufficient information to identify individual accounts in the intermediary's wrap program(s). For purposes of applying the round-trip limit, transactions initiated by clients invested in a Qualified Wrap Program will not be matched to transactions initiated by the intermediary sponsoring the Qualified Wrap Program. For example, a client's purchase of the Fund followed within 90 days by the intermediary's redemption of the same Fund would not be considered a round trip. However, transactions initiated by a Qualified Wrap Program client are subject to the round-trip limit and will be matched to determine if the client has exceeded the round-trip limit. In addition, the Manager will monitor transactions initiated by Qualified Wrap Program intermediaries to determine whether any intermediary has engaged in frequent trading or market timing. If the Manager determines that an intermediary has engaged in activity that is harmful to the Fund, the Manager will revoke the intermediary's Qualified Wrap Program status. Upon termination of status as a Qualified Wrap Program, all account transactions will be matched for purposes of testing compliance with the Fund's frequent trading and market timing policies, including any applicable redemption fees.
The Fund reserves the right to modify the frequent trading and market timing policies and procedures and grant or eliminate waivers to such policies and procedures at any time without advance notice to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund's policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing will have the intended effect nor that the Manager will be able to detect frequent trading and market timing.
Distributions and Taxes
The Fund annually distributes most or all of its net earnings and realized gains, if any, in the form of dividends from net investment income ("dividends") and distributions of realized net capital gains ("capital gain distributions") and net gains from foreign currency transactions (sometimes referred to below collectively as "other distributions") (and dividends and other distributions are sometimes referred to below collectively as "distributions"). Different tax treatment applies to different types of distributions (as described in the table below).
The Fund does not have a fixed dividend rate or guarantee that it will pay any distributions in any particular period. Distributions paid by the Fund with respect to each class of shares are calculated in the same manner and at the same time, but dividends on different classes of shares may be different as a result of the services and/or fees applicable to certain classes of shares.
Options for Receiving Dividends and Other Distributions
When you open your Fund account, you can specify on your application how you want to receive distributions. To change that option, you must notify the transfer agent. Unless you instruct otherwise in your account application, distributions payable to you will be reinvested in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund. There are four payment options available:
Reinvest All Distributions. You can elect to reinvest all distributions in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund.
Reinvest Only Some Distributions. You can elect to reinvest some types of distributions in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund while receiving the other types of distributions by check or having them sent directly to your bank account by ACH ("in cash").
26 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
Receive All Distributions in Cash. You can elect to receive all distributions in cash.
Reinvest Your Distributions in another American Beacon Fund. You can reinvest all of your distributions by the Fund on a particular class of shares in shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund that is available for exchanges. You must have an existing account in the same share class of the selected fund.
If you invest directly with the Fund, any election to receive distributions payable by check will only apply to distributions totaling $10.00 or more. Any distribution totaling less than $10.00 will be reinvested in shares of the distributing class of the Fund and will not be paid to you by check. This policy does not apply to you if you have elected to receive distributions that are paid in cash.
If you elect to receive a distribution by check and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if your check remains uncashed for at least six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the amount of your check, and to reinvest all subsequent distributions, in shares of the distributing class of the Fund at the NAV per share on the day of the reinvestment. Interest will not accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution or redemption checks.
Shareholders investing in the Fund through a financial intermediary should discuss their options for receiving distributions with the intermediary.
Taxes
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders other than tax-qualified retirement accounts and other tax-exempt investors. However, the portion of the Fund's dividends derived from its investments in U.S. Government obligations, if any, is generally exempt from state and local income taxes. The following table outlines the typical status of transactions in taxable accounts:
Type of Transaction |
Federal Tax Status |
Dividends from net investment income * |
Ordinary income ** |
Distributions of the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss * |
Ordinary income |
Distributions of net gains from certain foreign currency transactions * |
Ordinary income |
Distributions of the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss ("net capital gain'') * |
Long-term capital gains |
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for more than one year |
Long-term capital gains or losses |
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for one year or less |
Net gains are taxed at the same rate as ordinary income; net losses are subject to special rules |
* Whether reinvested or taken in cash.
** Except for dividends that are attributable to ‘‘qualified dividend income'' (as described below), if any.
To the extent distributions are attributable to net capital gain that the Fund recognizes on sales or exchanges of capital assets, they are subject to a 15% maximum federal income tax rate for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an ‘‘individual'') (20% for individuals with taxable income exceeding certain thresholds, which are indexed for inflation annually), regardless of how long the shareholder held his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the dividends the Fund pays to individuals may be ‘‘qualified dividend income'' (‘‘QDI'') and thus eligible for the preferential rates that apply to net capital gain. QDI is the aggregate of dividends the Fund receives on shares of most domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations with respect to which the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other restrictions. To be eligible for those rates, a shareholder must meet similar restrictions with respect to his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the distributions the Fund pays may also be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations ("DRD"), subject to similar holding period and other restrictions, but the eligible portion may not exceed the aggregate dividends the Fund receives from domestic corporations only. However, dividends that a corporate shareholder receives and deducts pursuant to the DRD may be subject indirectly to the federal alternative minimum tax.
The Fund does not expect a substantial part of its dividends to qualify as QDI or be eligible for the DRD.
A shareholder may realize a taxable gain or loss when redeeming or exchanging shares. That gain or loss is treated as a short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending on how long the redeemed or exchanged shares were held. Any capital gain an individual recognizes on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% and 20% tax rates mentioned above.
A shareholder who wants to use an acceptable basis determination method with respect to his or her Fund shares other than the average basis method (the Fund's default method) must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. The Fund, or its administrative agent, must report to the Internal Revenue Service and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for dispositions of Fund shares. See "Tax Information" in the SAI for a description of the rules regarding that election and the Fund's reporting obligation.
An individual must pay a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the individual's ‘‘net investment income,'' which generally includes distributions the Fund pays and net gains realized on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares, or (2) the excess of the individual's ‘‘modified adjusted gross income'' over a threshold amount ($250,000 for married persons filing jointly and $200,000 for single taxpayers). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. A similar tax applies to estates and trusts. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, this tax may have on their investment in Fund shares.
Each year, the Fund's shareholders will receive tax information to assist them in preparing their income tax returns.
The foregoing is only a summary of some of the important federal income tax considerations that may affect Fund shareholders, who should consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to the effect of federal, state and local income taxes on an investment in the Fund.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
27 |
Additional Information
The Fund's Board of Trustees oversees generally the operations of the Fund. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others, the Fund's manager, sub-advisor, custodian, transfer agent, and accountants, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to any such contractual arrangements and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any shareholder any right to enforce them directly against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them directly against the service providers.
This Prospectus provides information concerning the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase Fund shares. Neither this Prospectus nor the Statement of Additional Information is intended, or should be read, to be or create an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Fund and any investor, or to create any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived. Nothing in this Prospectus, the Statement of Additional Information or the Fund's reports to shareholders is intended to provide investment advice and should not be construed as investment advice.
Distribution and Service Plans
The Fund has adopted separate Distribution Plans for its A Class and C Class shares in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which allows the A Class and C Class shares to pay distribution and other fees for the sale of Fund shares and for other services provided to shareholders. Each Plan also authorizes the use of any fees received by the Manager in accordance with the Management Agreement, and any fees received by the sub-advisors pursuant to their Investment Advisory Agreements with the Manager, to be used for the sale and distribution of Fund shares. The Plans provide that the A Class shares of the Fund will pay up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to the A Class and the C Class shares of the Fund will pay up to 1.00% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to the C Class, to the Manager (or another entity approved by the Board).
The Fund has also adopted a shareholder services plan for its A Class, C Class and Investor Class shares for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. The shareholder services plan authorizes annual payment of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to the A Class shares, up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to the C Class shares, up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares. The Fund may also make annual payments of up to 0.10% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Y Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, Investor Class and Institutional Class assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment.
Portfolio Holdings
A complete list of the Fund's holdings is made available on the Fund's website on a quarterly basis approximately sixty days after the end of each calendar quarter and remains available for six months thereafter. A list of the Fund's ten largest holdings is made available on the Fund's website on a quarterly basis. The ten largest holdings of the Fund are generally posted to the website approximately fifteen days after the end of each calendar quarter and remain available until the next quarter. To access the holdings information, go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com. The Fund's ten largest holdings may also be accessed by selecting the Fund's fact sheet.
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of portfolio holdings is available in the Fund's SAI, which you may access on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com or call 1-800-658-5811 to request a free copy.
Delivery of Documents
If you are interested in electronic delivery of the Fund's summary prospectus and shareholder reports, please go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com and click on ‘‘Resource Center'' and then ‘‘Register for E-Delivery.''
To reduce expenses, your financial institution may mail only one copy of the summary prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please contact your financial institution. Delivery of individual copies will commence thirty days after receiving your request.
28 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Financial Highlights
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund's financial performance for the period of the Fund's operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the Fund's table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and other distributions). The information in the financial highlights has been derived from the Fund's financial statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, is included in the Fund's Annual Report, which you may obtain upon request.
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Institutional Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
August 19 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.46 |
|
$10.95 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
0.20 |
|
(0.06 |
) |
0.24 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
(0.22 |
) |
(0.07 |
) |
1.10 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.13 |
) |
1.34 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
(0.21 |
) |
(0.31 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.15 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
– |
|
(0.36 |
) |
(0.39 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$ 10.44 |
|
$ 10.46 |
|
$ 10.95 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
(0.19 |
%) |
(1.15 |
%) |
13.43 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$353,601,987 |
|
$20,932,502 |
|
$28,765,259 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
1.90 |
% |
2.25 |
% |
4.97 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
1.54 |
% |
1.54 |
% |
1.54 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(1.69 |
%) |
(2.29 |
%) |
2.73 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements |
(1.33 |
%) |
(1.57 |
%) |
6.17 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
A |
August 19, 2014 is the inception date of the AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover is based on the lesser of long-term purchases or sales divided by the average long-term fair value during the period. The Fund did not invest in any long-term securities during the reporting period. |
F |
The return of capital is based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
29 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
August 19 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.45 |
|
$10.94 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.08 |
) |
(0.05 |
) |
0.30 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
0.04 |
|
(0.08 |
) |
1.03 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
(0.04 |
) |
(0.13 |
) |
1.33 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
(0.21 |
) |
(0.31 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.15 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
– |
|
(0.36 |
) |
(0.39 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$10.41 |
|
$10.45 |
|
$10.94 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
(0.38 |
%) |
(1.15 |
%) |
13.33 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$52,391,912 |
|
$33,817,374 |
|
$464,644 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
1.97 |
% |
2.28 |
% |
7.71 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
1.64 |
% |
1.64 |
% |
1.64 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(1.76 |
%) |
(1.70 |
%) |
12.50 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements |
(1.44 |
%) |
(1.06 |
%) |
18.58 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
A |
August 19, 2014 is the inception date of the AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover is based on the lesser of long-term purchases or sales divided by the average long-term fair value during the period. The Fund did not invest in any long-term securities during the reporting period. |
F |
The return of capital is based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
30 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
August 19 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.41 |
|
$10.93 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.25 |
) |
(0.09 |
) |
0.30 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
0.19 |
|
(0.08 |
) |
1.02 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.17 |
) |
1.32 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
(0.20 |
) |
(0.31 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.15 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
– |
|
(0.35 |
) |
(0.39 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$10.35 |
|
$10.41 |
|
$10.93 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
(0.58 |
%) |
(1.54 |
%) |
13.23 |
% c |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$31,223,150 |
|
$37,185,001 |
|
$3,023,636 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
2.13 |
% |
2.40 |
% |
5.98 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
1.92 |
% |
1.92 |
% |
1.92 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(1.93 |
%) |
(2.07 |
%) |
10.41 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements |
(1.72 |
%) |
(1.59 |
%) |
14.47 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
A |
August 19, 2014 is the inception date of the AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover is based on the lesser of long-term purchases or sales divided by the average long-term fair value during the period. The Fund did not invest in any long-term securities during the reporting period. |
F |
The return of capital is based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
31 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
A Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
August 19 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.44 |
|
$10.93 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
0.23 |
|
(0.52 |
) |
0.32 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
(0.31 |
) |
0.36 |
|
1.00 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
(0.08 |
) |
(0.16 |
) |
1.32 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
(0.18 |
) |
(0.31 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.15 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
– |
|
(0.33 |
) |
(0.39 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$10.36 |
|
$10.44 |
|
$10.93 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
(0.77 |
%) |
(1.45 |
%) |
13.23 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$23,330,824 |
|
$9,890,720 |
|
$9,019,308 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
2.29 |
% |
2.55 |
% |
5.31 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
1.94 |
% |
1.94 |
% |
1.94 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(2.08 |
%) |
(3.59 |
%) |
32.48 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements |
(1.74 |
%) |
(2.98 |
%) |
35.85 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
A |
August 19, 2014 is the inception date of the AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover is based on the lesser of long-term purchases or sales divided by the average long-term fair value during the period. The Fund did not invest in any long-term securities during the reporting period. |
F |
The return of capital is based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
32 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
C Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
August 19 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.34 |
|
$10.90 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.08 |
) |
(0.09 |
) |
0.27 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.16 |
) |
1.02 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.25 |
) |
1.29 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
(0.16 |
) |
(0.31 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.15 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
– |
|
(0.31 |
) |
(0.39 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$10.20 |
|
$10.34 |
|
$10.90 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
(1.35 |
%) |
(2.30 |
%) |
12.93 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$4,300,637 |
|
$2,151,492 |
|
$401,475 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
3.04 |
% |
3.32 |
% |
8.75 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
2.69 |
% |
2.69 |
% |
2.68 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(2.84 |
%) |
(2.88 |
%) |
7.02 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements |
(2.49 |
%) |
(2.25 |
%) |
13.09 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
– |
% E |
A |
August 19, 2014 is the inception date of the AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover is based on the lesser of long-term purchases or sales divided by the average long-term fair value during the period. The Fund did not invest in any long-term securities during the reporting period. |
F |
The return of capital is based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
33 |
Additional Information
Additional information about the Fund is found in the documents listed below. Request a free copy of these documents by calling 1-800-658-5811 or you may access them on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com.
Annual Report/Semi-Annual Report
The Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Reports list the Fund's actual investments as of the report's date. They also include a
discussion by the Manager of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance.
The report of the Fund's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is included in the Annual Report.
Statement of Additional Information (''SAI'')
The SAI contains more details about the Fund and its investment policies. The SAI is incorporated in this Prospectus by reference (it is legally part of this Prospectus). A current SAI is on file with the SEC.
Appendix A to the Prospectus – Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Appendix A contains more information about specific sales charge discounts and waivers available for shareholders who purchase Fund shares through a specific financial intermediary. Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference (is legally a part of this Prospectus).
To obtain more information about the Fund or to request a copy of the documents listed above:
By Telephone: |
Call
|
By Mail: |
American Beacon Funds
|
By E-mail: |
americanbeaconfunds@ambeacon.com |
On the Internet: |
Visit our website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com
|
The SAI and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic mail to publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520. The SAI and other information about the Fund may also be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room. Information on the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.
American Beacon is a registered service mark of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. The American Beacon Funds, American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund are service marks of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
|
SEC File Number 811-04984
Appendix A
INTERMEDIARY SALES CHARGE DISCOUNTS AND WAIVERS
Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or CDSC waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive any applicable waivers or discounts. Please see the section entitled "Choosing Your Share Class" for more information on sales charges and waivers available for different classes.
The information in this Appendix is part of, and incorporated into, the Fund's prospectus.
A CLASS AND C CLASS PURCHASES THROUGH MERRILL LYNCH
Effective April 10, 2017, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund's prospectus or SAI.
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on A Class Shares available at Merrill Lynch
Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission- based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan.
Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan.
Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program.
Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch's platform.
Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable).
Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family).
Shares exchanged from C Class (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date.
Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members.
Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Fund's investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this Prospectus.
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).
CDSC Waivers on A Class and C Class Shares available at Merrill Lynch
Death or disability of the shareholder
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund's Prospectus
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½
Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement
Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to certain fee based accounts or platforms (applicable to A Class and C Class shares only)
Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent
Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.
Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets
Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable)
|
American Beacon |
PROSPECTUS
April 28, 2017
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Share Class |
|
|||||
|
A |
C |
Y |
R6 |
Institutional |
Investor |
|
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
GBSAX |
GBSCX |
GBSYX |
|
GBSIX |
GBSPX |
|
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
BLYAX |
BLYCX |
BLYYX |
|
BRLGX |
BLYPX |
|
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
BWLAX |
BWLCX |
BWLYX |
BWLRX |
BRLVX |
BWLIX |
|
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
LHGAX |
LHGCX |
LHGYX |
|
LHGIX |
LHGFX |
|
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
SMFAX |
SMFCX |
SMFYX |
|
SFMIX |
STMGX |
|
American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
SPWAX |
SPWCX |
SPWYX |
|
STSIX |
STSGX |
This Prospectus contains important information you should know about investing, including information about risks. Please read it before you invest and keep it for future reference.
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
1 |
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6 |
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11 |
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16 |
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21 |
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26 |
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Additional Information About Investment Policies and Strategies |
31 |
32 |
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33 |
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36 |
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38 |
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38 |
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40 |
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41 |
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43 |
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47 |
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47 |
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48 |
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50 |
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50 |
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50 |
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50 |
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Back Cover
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American Beacon
|
|
Investment Objective
The Fund's investment objective is long-term capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 41 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 39 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|||||
Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.05% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.30%.
3 The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares, as applicable, through April 30, 2018 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.38% for the A Class, 2.13% for the C Class, 1.08% for the Y Class, 0.98% for the Institutional Class and 1.36% for the Investor Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the lesser of the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or the time of the recoupment.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, except that this example reflects the fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement for each share class through April 30, 2018. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
A |
$707 |
$1,145 |
$1,608 |
$2,884 |
C |
$316 |
$864 |
$1,537 |
$3,334 |
Y |
$110 |
$534 |
$984 |
$2,243 |
Institutional |
$100 |
$497 |
$920 |
$2,098 |
Investor |
$138 |
$584 |
$1,057 |
$2,363 |
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$216 |
$864 |
$1,537 |
$3,334 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 23% of the average value of its portfolio.
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
1 |
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund's net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in securities of small capitalization companies. The Fund considers a company to be a small capitalization company if it has a market capitalization, at the time of investment, within the range of the market capitalizations of the companies in the Russell 2000 Index. The capitalization range of that index is subject to change over time due to market activity or changes in the composition of the index. As of December 31, 2016, the market capitalizations of the companies in the Russell 2000 Index ranged from $20.4 million to $10.3 billion.
The Fund's investment sub-advisor, Bahl & Gaynor Inc., d/b/a Bahl & Gaynor Investment Counsel ("Bahl & Gaynor") pursues its small cap growth strategy by focusing on high-quality dividend-paying stocks. Quantitative tools are initially used for screening purposes, but Bahl & Gaynor's investment process is primarily driven by fundamental, bottom-up, company-focused processes. The investment process begins by quantitatively screening the stock universe to identify companies with perceived competitive advantages by evaluating their historical revenue growth, earnings growth, long-term debt/capital, dividend history and cash flows. Bahl & Gaynor conducts extensive fundamental research on potential portfolio companies to determine which stock(s) provide the best risk/reward opportunities for inclusion in the portfolio. Bahl & Gaynor typically will sell an investment if the company's fundamentals have changed or the company's market capitalization (stock market worth) moves outside of the small cap range.
The Fund's equity investments may include common stocks, depositary receipts, and real estate investments trusts ("REITs").
The Fund may invest cash balances in other investment companies, including money market funds and may purchase and sell futures contracts to gain market exposure on cash balances and in anticipation of liquidity needs. The Fund may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Dividend Risk
An issuer of stock held by the Fund may choose not to declare a dividend or the dividend rate might not remain at current
levels. Dividend paying stocks might not experience the same level of earnings growth or capital appreciation as non-dividend
paying stocks.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment risk and market risk. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include
common stocks, depositary receipts, and REITs. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks.
Common Stock. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors affecting the company, companies in the same industry or sector, or the financial markets overall. Common stock generally is subordinate to preferred stock upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuing company.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts are subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
REITs. Investments in REITs are subject to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry such as adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. REITs also are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation. Domestic REITs could be adversely affected by failure to qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund's investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs' operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited
to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity, (4) lack of uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) less government regulation and
supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign
markets.
Futures Contracts
Risk
Futures contracts are derivative instruments in which one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or
other underlying assets at an agreed date. The use of such derivative instruments may expose the Fund to additional risks
that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. Futures contracts
may experience potentially dramatic price changes (losses) and imperfect correlation between the price of the contract and
the underlying security or index which will increase the volatility of the Fund and may involve a small investment of cash
(the amount of initial and variation margin) relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed (the potential increase or decrease
in the price of the futures contract).
Growth Companies Risk
Growth companies are expected to increase their earnings at a certain rate. When these expectations are not met, the prices
of these stocks may go down, even if earnings showed an absolute increase. Growth company stocks may lack the dividend yield
that can cushion stock prices in market downturns.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
2 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Model and Data Risk
Models and data are used to screen potential investments for the Fund. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete,
any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. Some of the models used by the sub-advisor are
predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based
on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and
reliability of the supplied historical data.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds. To the extent that
the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear the fees and expenses charged
by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated
with investments in those funds. For example, money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market
risk.
Sector Risk
When the Fund focuses its investments in certain sectors of the economy, its performance may be driven largely by sector
performance and could fluctuate more widely than if the Fund were invested more evenly across sectors.
Securities Lending Risk
To the extent the Fund lends its securities, it may be subject to the following risks: i) borrowers of the Fund's securities
typically provide collateral in the form of cash that is reinvested in securities, ii) the securities in which the collateral
is invested may not perform sufficiently to cover the return collateral payments owed to borrowers, iii) delays may occur
in the recovery of securities from borrowers, which could interfere with the Fund's ability to vote proxies or to settle transactions,
and iv) there is the risk of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. This could result in
the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Small Capitalization Companies Risk
Investing in the securities of small capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price
volatility than investing in larger capitalization and more established companies. Since smaller companies may have limited
operating history, product lines, and financial resources, the securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity,
and they can be particularly sensitive to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings. In general, these
risks are greater for small-capitalization companies than for mid-capitalization companies.
Fund Performance
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of risk by showing how the Fund's performance has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad-based market index, which is the Fund's benchmark index. You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Calendar year total returns for Investor Class Shares. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
3 |
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception Date of Class |
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Investor Class |
7/15/2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
25.31 |
% |
11.18 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
25.24 |
% |
10.90 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
14.39 |
% |
8.63 |
% |
|
Inception
|
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
7/15/2014 |
|
25.44 |
% |
11.18 |
% |
C |
7/15/2014 |
|
24.35 |
% |
10.31 |
% |
Y |
7/15/2014 |
|
25.80 |
% |
11.53 |
% |
Institutional |
7/15/2014 |
|
25.88 |
% |
11.60 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russell 2000 Growth Index |
|
|
11.32 |
% |
6.95 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is Bahl & Gaynor.
Portfolio Managers
Bahl & Gaynor |
Edward A. Woods
Scott D. Rodes
|
Stephanie S. Thomas
|
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
4 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
5 |
American Beacon
|
|
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks long-term total return on capital, primarily through capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 41 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 39 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|||||
Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.05% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.30%.
3 The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets provided in the Fund's Financial Highlights table, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
4 The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares, as applicable, through April 30, 2018 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.21% for the A Class, 1.96% for the C Class, 0.91% for the Y Class, 0.81% for the Institutional Class and 1.19% for the Investor Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the lesser of the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or the time of the recoupment.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, except that it reflects the expense limitation arrangement through April 30, 2018. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
A |
$692 |
$975 |
$1,280 |
$2,143 |
C |
$300 |
$664 |
$1,155 |
$2,508 |
Y |
$94 |
$332 |
$589 |
$1,325 |
Institutional |
$84 |
$307 |
$548 |
$1,240 |
Investor |
$122 |
$457 |
$815 |
$1,826 |
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$200 |
$664 |
$1,155 |
$2,508 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or ‘‘turns over'' its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. For the fiscal period July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 40% of the average value of its portfolio.
6 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of large capitalization companies that are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE MKT, and NASDAQ. Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in stocks from among those in the large-cap growth category at the time of purchase. For purposes of the Fund's investments, "large-cap stocks" are stocks of companies whose market capitalization falls within the range of the Russell 1000 ® Index at the time of investment. The Russell 1000 Index is an unmanaged, market value weighted index, which measures performance of approximately 1,000 of the largest companies in the U.S. equity market. The Russell 1000 Index is reconstituted from time to time. The market capitalization range for the Russell 1000 Index was $395 million to $634.4 billion as of December 31, 2016.
Growth stocks are those that the Fund's sub-advisor, Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. ("Bridgeway Capital") believes have above average prospects for economic growth. Generally, these are stocks represented in the Russell 1000 ® Growth Index, but may also include stocks of other companies with similar "growth" characteristics whose market capitalizations are within the range of the Russell 1000 Index. The Russell 1000 Growth Index includes those Russell 1000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
The Fund's investments may include common stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into U.S. common stocks, real estate investment trusts ("REITs"), depositary receipts and dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges (collectively referred to as "stocks"). The Fund also may invest in stocks of mid-capitalization companies.
Bridgeway Capital selects stocks within the large-cap growth category using a statistically driven approach. Bridgeway Capital will not necessarily sell a stock if it "migrates" outside the market capitalization range of the Russell 1000 Index after purchase. As a result, due to such "migration" or other market movements, the Fund may have less than 80% of its assets in large-cap stocks at any point in time. Based on statistically driven rules, securities are sold when the reasons for selecting the stock are no longer valid or when necessary to maintain the risk profile of the overall Fund.
Although the Fund seeks investments across a number of sectors, from time to time, based on portfolio positioning to reflect its benchmark index, the Fund may have significant positions in particular sectors.
While the Fund is actively managed for long-term total return on capital, Bridgeway Capital seeks to minimize capital gain distributions as part of a tax management strategy. For example, Bridgeway Capital tracks tax lots and periodically harvests tax losses to offset realized capital gains from stock sales or mergers. (A capital gain occurs when the Fund sells a stock at a higher price than the purchase price. A capital loss occurs when the Fund sells a stock at a lower price than the purchase price.) The successful application of this method is intended to result in a more tax-efficient fund than would otherwise be the case.
The Fund may also invest cash balances in other investment companies, including money market funds, and may purchase and sell futures contracts to gain market exposure on cash balances or reduce market exposure in anticipation of liquidity needs. The Fund may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Allocation Risk
The sub-advisor's judgments about, and allocations among, asset classes and market exposures may adversely affect the Fund's
performance.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment risk and market risk. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include
common stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks, REITs, depositary receipts,
and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks.
Common Stock. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors affecting the company, companies in the same industry or sector, or the financial markets overall. Common stock generally is subordinate to preferred stock upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuing company.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are sensitive to movement in interest rates. In addition, convertible securities are subject to the risk that the credit standing of the issuer may have an effect on the convertible securities' investment value.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges are subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stocks are sensitive to movements in interest rates. Preferred stocks may be less liquid than common stocks and, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred stocks generally are payable at the discretion of an issuer and after required payments to bond holders.
REITs. Investments in REITs are subject to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry such as adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. REITs also are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation. Domestic REITs could be adversely affected by failure to qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund's investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs' operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited to:
(1) currency exchange rate
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
7 |
fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity, (4) lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) less government regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign markets.
Futures Contracts Risk
Futures contracts are derivative instruments where one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or other
underlying assets at an agreed date. The use of such derivative instruments may expose the Fund to additional risks that it
would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. Futures contracts may experience
potentially dramatic price changes (losses) and imperfect correlation between the price of the contract and the underlying
security or index, which will increase the volatility of the Fund and may involve a small investment of cash (the amount of
initial and variation margin) relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed (the potential increase or decrease in the price
of the futures contract).
Growth Companies Risk
Growth companies are expected to increase their earnings at a certain rate. When these expectations are not met, the prices
of these stocks may go down, even if earnings showed an absolute increase. Growth company stocks may lack the dividend yield
that can cushion stock prices in market downturns.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk
The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies
may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful
smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk
Investing in the securities of medium capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price
volatility than investing in larger capitalization companies and more established companies. These companies may also have
narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than
larger, more established companies. The securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity, and can be sensitive
to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Model and Data Risk
Models and data are used to screen potential investments for the Fund. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete,
any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. Some of the models used by the sub-advisor are
predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based
on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and
reliability of the supplied historical data.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds. To the extent that
the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear the fees and expenses charged
by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated
with investments in those funds. For example, money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market
risk.
Redemption Risk
The Fund may experience periods of high levels of redemptions that could cause the Fund to sell assets at inopportune times
or at a loss or depressed value. The sale of assets to meet redemption requests may create net capital gains, which could
cause the Fund to have to distribute substantial capital gains. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of declining
or illiquid markets.
Risk of Programming and Modeling Error
The success of the sub-advisor's investment strategy depends largely on the effectiveness of its quantitative research models
and investment programs. The programs may not react as expected to market events resulting in losses for the Fund. Additionally,
programs may become outdated or experience malfunctions which may not be identified by the sub-advisor and therefore may also result
in losses to the Fund.
Sector Risk
When the Fund focuses its investments in certain sectors of the economy, its performance may be driven largely by sector
performance and could fluctuate more widely than if the Fund were invested more evenly across sectors.
8 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Securities Lending Risk
To the extent the Fund lends its securities, it may be subject to the following risks: i) borrowers of the Fund's securities
typically provide collateral in the form of cash that is reinvested in securities, ii) the securities in which the collateral
is invested may not perform sufficiently to cover the return collateral payments owed to borrowers, iii) delays may occur
in the recovery of securities from borrowers, which could interfere with the Fund's ability to vote proxies or to settle transactions,
and iv) there is the risk of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. This could result in
the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Fund Performance
On February 5, 2016, the Fund acquired all the assets and assumed all the liabilities of the Fund's predecessor. The Institutional Class shares of the Fund have adopted the performance history and financial statements of the Fund's predecessor. The chart and the table below show the performance of the Fund's Institutional Class shares, which, prior to February 5, 2016, is the performance of the Fund's predecessor. The table below also shows the performance of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class and Investor Class shares. Performance for the A Class, C Class, Y Class and Investor Class shares represents the returns achieved by the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 4, 2016, and the performance of each of the Fund's respective share classes from February 5, 2016 through December 31, 2016. In each case, the newer share classes would have had similar annual returns to the Fund's predecessor because the shares of each class represent investments in the same portfolio securities. However, the older share class had different expenses than the newer share classes, which would affect performance. You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of risk by showing how the Fund's performance has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad-based market index, which is the Fund's benchmark index and was the benchmark index of the Fund's predecessor.
Calendar year total returns for Institutional Class Shares. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception Date of Class |
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Institutional Class |
10/31/2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
5.60 |
% |
15.66 |
% |
7.53 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
5.44 |
% |
15.50 |
% |
7.41 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
3.30 |
% |
12.66 |
% |
6.12 |
% |
|
Inception
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
Since Inception |
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
A |
2/5/2016 |
5.26% |
15.59% |
7.50% |
7.56% |
C |
2/5/2016 |
4.49% |
15.42% |
7.42% |
7.50% |
Y |
2/5/2016 |
5.51% |
15.64% |
7.53% |
7.58% |
Investor |
2/5/2016 |
5.21% |
15.58% |
7.50% |
7.56% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Year |
10 Year |
||||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russell 1000 Growth Index |
|
|
7.08 |
% |
14.50 |
% |
8.33 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown for the Fund's Institutional Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc.
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
9 |
Portfolio Managers
Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc.
|
John Montgomery
Michael Whipple
|
Elena Khoziaeva
|
* Predecessor Fund inception date.
** Includes Predecessor Fund.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
10 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
American Beacon
|
|
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to provide long-term total return on capital, primarily through capital appreciation and some income.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 41 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 39 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
R6 |
Institutional |
Investor |
||||||
Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
|||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.05% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.30%.
3 Other Expenses are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$189 |
$585 |
$1,006 |
$2,181 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 56% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of stocks of large capitalization companies that are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE MKT, and NASDAQ. Under normal market conditions, at least 80% of Fund net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in stocks from among those in the large-cap category at the time of purchase. For purposes of the Fund's investment portfolio, "large-cap stocks" are those whose market capitalization (stock market worth) falls within the range of the Russell 1000 ® Index at the time of investment. The Russell 1000 ® Index measures the performance of the 1,000 largest U.S. companies based on total market capitalization. As of December 31, 2016, the market capitalizations of the companies in the Russell 1000 ® Index ranged from $395 million to $634.4 billion.
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
11 |
The Fund's sub-advisor, Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. ("Bridgeway Capital"), selects stocks within the large-cap value category for the Fund using a proprietary statistically driven approach. Value stocks are those Bridgeway Capital believes are priced cheaply relative to some financial measures of worth, such as the ratio of price to earnings, price to sales, or price to cash flow. Generally, these are stocks represented in the Russell 1000 ® Value Index, plus large capitalization stocks with similar "value" characteristics. The Russell 1000 ® Value Index includes those Russell 1000 ® companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values. Based on statistically driven rules, securities are sold when the reasons for selecting the stock are no longer valid or when necessary to maintain the risk profile of the overall Fund.
The Fund's investments may include common stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into U.S. common stocks, real estate investment trusts ("REITs"), American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges (collectively referred to as "stocks").
The Fund may also invest cash balances in other investment companies, including money market funds, and may purchase and sell futures contracts to gain market exposure on cash balances or reduce market exposure in anticipation of liquidity needs. The Fund may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income.
While the Fund is actively managed for long-term total return, Bridgeway Capital seeks to minimize capital gains distributions as part of a tax management strategy. The successful application of this method is intended to result in a more tax-efficient fund than would otherwise be the case.
The income objective of the Fund, which is a secondary objective, is achieved almost exclusively from dividend-paying stocks held by the Fund. However, not all stocks held by the Fund pay dividends.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Allocation Risk
The sub-advisor's judgments about, and allocations among, asset classes and market exposures may adversely affect the Fund's
performance.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment and market risk. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include common
stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks, REITs, depositary receipts, and U.S.
dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks.
Common Stock. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors affecting the company, companies in the same industry or sector, or the financial markets overall. Common stock generally is subordinate to preferred stock upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuing company.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are sensitive to movement in interest rates. In addition, convertible securities are subject to risk that the credit standing of the issuer may have an effect on the convertible securities' investment value.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges are subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stocks are sensitive to movements in interest rates. Preferred stocks may be less liquid than common stocks and, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred stocks generally are payable at the discretion of an issuer and after required payments to bond holders.
REITs. Investments in REITs are subject to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry such as adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. REITs also are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation. Domestic REITs could be adversely affected by failure to qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund's investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs' operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited
to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity, (4) lack of uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) less government regulation and
supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign
markets.
Futures Contracts
Risk
Futures contracts are derivative instruments in which one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or
other underlying assets at an agreed date. The use of such derivative instruments may expose the Fund to additional risks
that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. Futures contracts
may experience potentially dramatic price changes (losses) and imperfect correlation between the price of the contract and
the underlying security or index which will increase the volatility of the Fund and may involve a small investment of cash
(the amount of initial and variation margin) relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed (the potential increase or decrease
in the price of the futures contract).
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
12 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk
The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies
may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful
smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk
Investing in the securities of medium capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price
volatility than investing in larger capitalization companies and more established companies. These companies may also have
narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than
larger, more established companies. The securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity, and can be sensitive
to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Model and Data Risk
Models and data are used to screen potential investments for the Fund. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete,
any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. Some of the models used by the sub-advisor are
predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based
on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and
reliability of the supplied historical data.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds. To the extent that
the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear the fees and expenses charged
by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated
with investments in those funds. For example, money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market
risk.
Redemption Risk
The Fund may experience periods of high levels of redemptions that could cause the Fund to sell assets at inopportune times
or at a loss or depressed value. The sale of assets to meet redemption requests may create net capital gains, which could
cause the Fund to have to distribute substantial capital gains. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of declining
or illiquid markets.
Risk of Programming and Modeling Error
The success of the sub-advisor's investment strategy depends largely on the effectiveness of its quantitative research models
and investment programs. The programs may not react as expected to market events resulting in losses for the Fund. Additionally,
programs may become outdated or experience malfunctions which may not be identified by the sub-advisor and therefore may also result
in losses to the Fund.
Sector Risk
When the Fund focuses its investments in certain sectors of the economy, its performance may be driven largely by sector
performance and could fluctuate more widely than if the Fund were invested more evenly across sectors.
Securities Lending Risk
To the extent the Fund lends its securities, it may be subject to the following risks: i) borrowers of the Fund's securities
typically provide collateral in the form of cash that is reinvested in securities, ii) the securities in which the collateral
is invested may not perform sufficiently to cover the return collateral payments owed to borrowers, iii) delays may occur
in the recovery of securities from borrowers, which could interfere with the Fund's ability to vote proxies or to settle transactions,
and iv) there is the risk of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. This could result in
the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Value Stocks Risk
Value stocks are subject to the risk that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market or that their prices
may decline. The Fund's investments in value stocks seek to limit potential downside price risk over time, however, value
stock prices still may decline substantially. In addition, the Fund may produce more modest gains as a trade-off for this
potentially lower risk. The Fund's investment in value stocks could cause the Fund to underperform funds that use a growth
or non-value approach to investing or have a broader investment style.
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
13 |
Fund Performance
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of risk by showing how the Fund's performance has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad-based market index, which is the Fund's benchmark index.
The performance of the Fund's Investor Class shares shown in the chart and table below represent the returns achieved by the Class N shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 3, 2012, and the performance of the Investor Class shares from February 3, 2012 through December 31, 2016. The table below also shows the performance of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class and Institutional Class shares. The Institutional Class shares of the Fund have adopted the performance history and financial statements of the Class N shares of the Fund's predecessor. Performance for the A Class, C Class, Y Class and Institutional Class shares represents the returns achieved by the Class N shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 3, 2012, and the performance of each of the Fund's respective share classes from February 3, 2012 through December 31, 2016. In each case, the newer share classes would have had similar annual returns to the Class N shares because the shares of each class represent investments in the same portfolio securities. However, the older share class had different expenses than the newer share classes, which would affect performance. Performance information for R6 Class shares of the Fund is not provided because this share class has not been in operation for a full calendar year. You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Calendar year total returns for Investor Class Shares. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Investor Class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
15.81 |
% |
15.98 |
% |
7.32 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
15.50 |
% |
15.46 |
% |
6.89 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
9.20 |
% |
12.88 |
% |
5.89 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
|
|
15.79 |
% |
15.87 |
% |
7.27 |
% |
C |
|
|
14.91 |
% |
15.06 |
% |
6.90 |
% |
Y |
|
|
16.17 |
% |
16.27 |
% |
7.46 |
% |
Institutional |
|
|
16.24 |
% |
16.35 |
% |
7.49 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Year |
10 Year |
||||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russell 1000 Value Index |
|
|
17.34 |
% |
14.80 |
% |
5.72 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc.
14 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Portfolio Managers
Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc.
|
John Montgomery
Michael Whipple
|
Elena Khoziaeva
|
* Predecessor Fund inception date.
** Includes Predecessor Fund.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
R6 |
$5,000,000 |
$50 |
None |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
15 |
American Beacon
|
|
Investment Objective
The Fund primarily seeks long-term growth of capital. The receipt of dividend income is a secondary consideration.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 41 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 39 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|||||
Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.05% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.30%.
3 The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets provided in the Fund's Financial Highlights table, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
4 The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund's A Class and C Class, as applicable, through April 30, 2018 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.29% for the A Class and 2.04% for the C Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Fund's Board of Trustees. Under that agreement, the Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or recoupment. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid amounts to the Manager that were previously waived and/or reimbursed by the Manager under a contractual fee waiver/expense reimbursement for the Fund's Institutional Class shares.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, except that the example reflects the fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement for the C Class and Y Class through April 30, 2018. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
A |
$701 |
$966 |
$1,251 |
$2,062 |
C |
$308 |
$649 |
$1,116 |
$2,409 |
Y |
$101 |
$315 |
$547 |
$1,213 |
Institutional |
$91 |
$284 |
$493 |
$1,096 |
Investor |
$129 |
$402 |
$696 |
$1,532 |
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$208 |
$649 |
$1,116 |
$2,409 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual
16 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 34% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in equity securities of large-capitalization growth companies. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in equity securities of large market capitalization companies at the time of purchase.
The Fund considers large market capitalization companies to be companies that have market capitalizations (stock market worth) within the market capitalizations of the companies in the Russell 1000 ® Index at the time of investment. The Russell 1000 Index measures the performance of approximately 1,000 of the largest U.S. companies based on total market capitalization. As of December 31, 2016, the market capitalizations of the companies in the Russell 1000 Index ranged from $395 million to $634.4 billion.
In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund maintains a diversified portfolio of equity securities of companies that the Fund's sub-advisor, Holland Capital Management LLC, regards as high quality companies based on earnings growth faster than the general market, reasonable valuations, strong financial condition, strong management and superior industry positions. Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into common stock, real estate investment trusts ("REITs"), American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") and U.S. dollar denominated foreign stock traded on U.S. exchanges. The Fund invests primarily in U.S. companies. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in securities of foreign issuers that exhibit the growth characteristics mentioned above.
The Fund may also invest cash balances in other investment companies, including money market funds, and may purchase and sell futures contracts to gain market exposure on cash balances or reduce market exposure in anticipation of liquidity needs. The Fund may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment and market risk. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include common
stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks, REITs, depositary receipts, and U.S.
dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks.
Common Stock. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors affecting the company, companies in the same industry or sector, or the financial markets overall. Common stock generally is subordinate to preferred stock upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuing company.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are sensitive to movement in interest rates. In addition, convertible securities are subject to risk that the credit standing of the issuer may have an effect on the convertible securities' investment value.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges are subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stocks are sensitive to movements in interest rates. Preferred stocks may be less liquid than common stocks and, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred stocks generally are payable at the discretion of an issuer and after required payments to bond holders.
REITs. Investments in REITs are subject to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry such as adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. REITs also are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation. Domestic REITs could be adversely affected by failure to qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund's investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs' operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited
to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity, (4) lack of uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) less government regulation and
supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign
markets.
Futures Contracts
Risk
Futures contracts are derivative instruments in which one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or
other underlying assets at an agreed date. The use of such derivative instruments may expose the Fund to additional risks
that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. Futures contracts
may experience potentially dramatic price changes (losses) and imperfect correlation between the price of the contract and
the underlying security or index which will increase the volatility of the Fund and may involve a small investment of cash
(the amount of initial and variation margin) relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed (the potential increase or decrease
in the price of the futures contract).
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
17 |
Growth Companies Risk
Growth companies are expected to increase their earnings at a certain rate. When these expectations are not met, the prices
of these stocks may go down, even if earnings showed an absolute increase. Growth company stocks may lack the dividend yield
that can cushion stock prices in market downturns.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk
The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies
may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful
smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds. To the extent that
the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear the fees and expenses charged
by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated
with investments in those funds. For example, money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market
risk.
Sector Risk
When the Fund focuses its investments in certain sectors of the economy, its performance may be driven largely by sector
performance and could fluctuate more widely than if the Fund were invested more evenly across sectors.
Securities Lending Risk
To the extent the Fund lends its securities, it may be subject to the following risks: i) borrowers of the Fund's securities
typically provide collateral in the form of cash that is reinvested in securities, ii) the securities in which the collateral
is invested may not perform sufficiently to cover the return collateral payments owed to borrowers, iii) delays may occur
in the recovery of securities from borrowers, which could interfere with the Fund's ability to vote proxies or to settle transactions,
and iv) there is the risk of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. This could result in
the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Fund Performance
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of risk by showing how the Fund's performance has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad-based market index, which is the Fund's benchmark index.
The Investor Class, A Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund have adopted the performance history and financial statements of the Investor Shares, A Shares and Institutional Shares, respectively, of the Fund's predecessor. The performance of the Fund's Investor Class shown in the chart and table below represents the returns achieved by the Investor Shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to March 23, 2012, and the performance of the Investor Class shares from March 23, 2012 through December 31, 2016. The table also shows the performance of the A Class, Institutional Class, C Class and Y Class shares of the Fund. The performance shown for the A Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund represents: (1) the returns achieved by the Investor Shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 1, 2010 and March 1, 2010, the inception dates of the predecessor Fund's A Shares and Institutional Shares, respectively; (2) the performance of the predecessor Fund's A Shares and Institutional Shares from inception to March 23, 2012; and (3) the performance of the Fund's A Class and Institutional Class shares from March 23, 2012 through December 31, 2016. Returns shown for the Fund's C Class and Y Class shares represent the returns achieved by the Investor Shares of the predecessor Fund from January 1, 2007 through March 23, 2012 and the performance of the C Class and Y Class shares respectively, from March 23, 2012 through December 31, 2016. In each case, the newer share classes would have had similar annual returns to the predecessor Fund's Investor Shares, A Shares and Institutional Shares because the shares of each class represent investments in the same portfolio securities. However, the older share classes had different expenses than the newer share classes, which would affect performance. You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
18 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Calendar year total returns for Investor Class Shares. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Investor Class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
1.87 |
% |
11.45 |
% |
7.22 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
1.26 |
% |
9.70 |
% |
6.24 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
1.58 |
% |
9.07 |
% |
5.82 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
|
|
1.85 |
% |
11.35 |
% |
7.17 |
% |
C |
|
|
1.10 |
% |
10.55 |
% |
6.79 |
% |
Y |
|
|
2.22 |
% |
11.70 |
% |
7.37 |
% |
Institutional |
|
|
2.25 |
% |
11.84 |
% |
7.44 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Year |
10 Year |
||||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russell 1000 Growth Index |
|
|
7.08 |
% |
14.50 |
% |
8.33 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is Holland Capital Management LLC ("Holland Capital")
Portfolio Managers
Holland Capital Management LLC
|
Monica L. Walker
|
Carl R. Bhathena
|
* Predecessor Fund inception date.
** Includes Predecessor Fund.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
19 |
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
20 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
American Beacon
|
|
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks long-term growth of capital.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 41 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 39 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|||||
Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.05% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.30%.
3 The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets provided in the Fund's Financial Highlights table, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
4 The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares, as applicable, through April 30, 2018 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.39% for the A Class, 2.14% for the C Class, 1.09% for the Y Class, 0.99% for the Institutional Class and 1.35% for the Investor Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the lesser of the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or the time of the recoupment.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, except that the Example reflects the fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement for each share class through April 30, 2018. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
A |
$709 |
$998 |
$1,308 |
$2,186 |
C |
$318 |
$683 |
$1,174 |
$2,528 |
Y |
$112 |
$356 |
$619 |
$1,371 |
Institutional |
$102 |
$340 |
$597 |
$1,331 |
Investor |
$138 |
$437 |
$757 |
$1,665 |
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$218 |
$683 |
$1,174 |
$2,528 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
21 |
Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 22% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of medium capitalization companies. The Fund considers a company to be a medium capitalization company if it has a market capitalization (stock market worth), at the time of investment, between $1 billion and the market capitalization of the largest company in the Russell Midcap ® Index, which was $57 billion as of December 31, 2016.
Most of the assets of the Fund are invested in U.S. common stocks that Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC ("SIMG") believes have clear indicators of future earnings growth, or that demonstrate other potential for growth of capital. The Fund may invest in other securities, including preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, U.S dollar denominated foreign stock traded on U.S. exchanges, American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") and real estate investment trusts ("REITs"). In selecting companies for the Fund, SIMG employs quantitative analysis and fundamental research with a focus on earnings growth. SIMG will sell a security when appropriate and consistent with the Fund's investment objective and policies.
The Fund may also invest cash balances in other investment companies, including money market funds, and may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income. The Fund may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment and market risk. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include common
stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks, REITs, depositary receipts, and U.S.
dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks.
Common Stock. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors affecting the company, companies in the same industry or sector, or the financial markets overall. Common stock generally is subordinate to preferred stock upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuing company.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are sensitive to movement in interest rates. In addition, convertible securities are subject to risk that the credit standing of the issuer may have an effect on the convertible securities' investment value.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges are subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stocks are sensitive to movements in interest rates. Preferred stocks may be less liquid than common stocks and, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred stocks generally are payable at the discretion of an issuer and after required payments to bond holders.
REITs. Investments in REITs are subject to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry such as adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. REITs also are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation. Domestic REITs could be adversely affected by failure to qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund's investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs' operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited
to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity, (4) lack of uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) less government regulation and
supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign
markets.
Growth Companies Risk
Growth companies are expected to increase their earnings at a certain rate. When these expectations are not met, the prices
of these stocks may go down, even if earnings showed an absolute increase. Growth company stocks may lack the dividend yield
that can cushion stock prices in market downturns.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk
The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies
may be less responsive to
22 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
competitive challenges and opportunities and may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk
Investing in the securities of medium capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price
volatility than investing in larger capitalization companies and more established companies. These companies may also have
narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than
larger, more established companies. The securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity, and can be sensitive
to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds. To the extent that
the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear the fees and expenses charged
by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated
with investments in those funds. For example, money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market
risk.
Sector Risk
When the Fund focuses its investments in certain sectors of the economy, its performance may be driven largely by sector
performance and could fluctuate more widely than if the Fund were invested more evenly across sectors.
Securities Lending Risk
To the extent the Fund lends its securities, it may be subject to the following risks: i) borrowers of the Fund's securities
typically provide collateral in the form of cash that is reinvested in securities, ii) the securities in which the collateral
is invested may not perform sufficiently to cover the return collateral payments owed to borrowers, iii) delays may occur
in the recovery of securities from borrowers, which could interfere with the Fund's ability to vote proxies or to settle transactions,
and iv) there is the risk of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. This could result in
the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Fund Performance
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of risk by showing how the Fund's performance has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad-based market index, which is the Fund's benchmark index.
The Investor Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund have adopted the performance history and financial statements of the Class A and Class I shares, respectively, of the Fund's predecessor. The performance of the Fund's Investor Class shares shown in the chart and table below represents the returns achieved by the Class A shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 24, 2012, and the performance of the Investor Class from February 24, 2012 through December 31, 2016. The table below also shows the performance of the A Class, C Class, Y Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund. The performance shown for the Institutional Class shares of the Fund represents the performance of (1) the Class I shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 24, 2012; and (2) the performance of the Institutional Class shares from February 24, 2012 through December 31, 2016. Returns shown for the Fund's Y Class, A Class and C Class shares represent the returns achieved by the Class A shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 24, 2012, and the performance of the Y Class, A Class and C Class shares, respectively, from February 24, 2012 through December 31, 2016. In each case, the newer share classes would have had similar annual returns to the predecessor Fund's Class A and Class I shares because the shares of each class represent investments in the same portfolio securities. However, the older share classes had different expenses than the newer share classes, which would affect performance. You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Calendar year total returns for Investor Class Shares. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
23 |
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Investor Class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
6.42 |
% |
10.42 |
% |
7.36 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
4.84 |
% |
9.24 |
% |
6.78 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
4.94 |
% |
8.24 |
% |
5.96 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
|
|
6.30 |
% |
10.36 |
% |
7.33 |
% |
C |
|
|
5.59 |
% |
9.58 |
% |
6.95 |
% |
Y |
|
|
6.67 |
% |
10.74 |
% |
7.51 |
% |
Institutional |
|
|
6.82 |
% |
10.83 |
% |
7.70 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Year |
10 Year |
||||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russell Midcap Growth Index |
|
|
7.33 |
% |
13.51 |
% |
7.83 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC.
Portfolio Managers
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC
|
Ryan Crane
Kelly Ranucci
|
John Thornton
Sam Chase
|
* Predecessor Fund inception date.
** Includes Predecessor Fund.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
24 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
25 |
American Beacon
|
|
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks long-term growth of capital.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 41 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 39 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|||||
Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||||
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|||||
Management Fees 2 |
0.98 |
% |
0.98 |
% |
0.98 |
% |
0.98 |
% |
0.98 |
% |
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.25 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
Other Expenses |
0.23 |
% |
0.25 |
% |
0.17 |
% |
0.11 |
% |
0.37 |
% |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses |
0.01 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 3 |
1.47 |
% |
2.24 |
% |
1.16 |
% |
1.10 |
% |
1.36 |
% |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.05% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.30%.
3 The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets provided in the Fund's Financial Highlights table, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
A |
$716 |
$1,013 |
$1,331 |
$2,232 |
C |
$327 |
$700 |
$1,199 |
$2,573 |
Y |
$118 |
$368 |
$637 |
$1,408 |
Institutional |
$112 |
$350 |
$607 |
$1,341 |
Investor |
$138 |
$431 |
$745 |
$1,636 |
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$227 |
$700 |
$1,199 |
$2,573 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 40% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of small capitalization companies. The Fund considers a company to be a small capitalization company if it has a market capitalization (stock market worth), at the time of investment, similar to the market capitalizations of the companies in the Russell 2000 Index. The capitalization range of that index is subject to change over time due to market activity or changes in the composition of the index. As of December 31, 2016, the market capitalizations of the companies in the Russell 2000 Index ranged from $20.4 million to $10.3 billion.
Most of the assets of the Fund are invested in U.S. common stocks the sub-advisor, Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC ("SIMG"), believes have clear indicators of future earnings growth, or that demonstrate other potential for growth of capital. The Fund may invest in other securities, including
26 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, real estate investment trusts ("REITs"), American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") and U.S dollar denominated foreign stock traded on U.S. exchanges. In selecting companies for the Fund, SIMG employs quantitative analysis and fundamental research with a focus on earnings growth. SIMG will sell a security when appropriate and consistent with the Fund's investment objectives and policies.
The Fund may also invest cash balances in other investment companies, including money market funds, and may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income. The Fund may lend its securities to broker-dealers and other institutions to earn additional income.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment and market risk. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include common
stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks, REITs, depositary receipts, and U.S.
dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks.
Common Stock. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors affecting the company, companies in the same industry or sector, or the financial markets overall. Common stock generally is subordinate to preferred stock upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuing company.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are sensitive to movement in interest rates. In addition, convertible securities are subject to risk that the credit standing of the issuer may have an effect on the convertible securities' investment value.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges are subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stocks are sensitive to movements in interest rates. Preferred stocks may be less liquid than common stocks and, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred stocks generally are payable at the discretion of an issuer and after required payments to bond holders.
REITs. Investments in REITs are subject to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry such as adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. REITs also are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation. Domestic REITs could be adversely affected by failure to qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund's investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs' operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited
to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity, (4) lack of uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) less government regulation and
supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign
markets.
Growth Companies Risk
Growth companies are expected to increase their earnings at a certain rate. When these expectations are not met, the prices
of these stocks may go down, even if earnings showed an absolute increase. Growth company stocks may lack the dividend yield
that can cushion stock prices in market downturns.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase,
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
27 |
whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds. To the extent that
the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear the fees and expenses charged
by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated
with investments in those funds. For example, money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market
risk.
Sector Risk
When the Fund focuses its investments in certain sectors of the economy, its performance may be driven largely by sector
performance and could fluctuate more widely than if the Fund were invested more evenly across sectors.
Securities Lending Risk
To the extent the Fund lends its securities, it may be subject to the following risks: i) borrowers of the Fund's securities
typically provide collateral in the form of cash that is reinvested in securities, ii) the securities in which the collateral
is invested may not perform sufficiently to cover the return collateral payments owed to borrowers, iii) delays may occur
in the recovery of securities from borrowers, which could interfere with the Fund's ability to vote proxies or to settle transactions,
and iv) there is the risk of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. This could result in
the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Small Capitalization Companies Risk
Investing in the securities of small capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price
volatility than investing in larger capitalization and more established companies. Since smaller companies may have limited
operating history, product lines, and financial resources, the securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity,
and they can be particularly sensitive to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings. In general, these
risks are greater for small-capitalization companies than for mid-capitalization companies.
Fund Performance
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of risk by showing how the Fund's performance has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad-based market index, which is the Fund's benchmark index.
The Investor Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund have adopted the performance history and financial statements of the Class A and Class I shares, respectively, of the Fund's predecessor. The performance of the Fund's Investor Class shares shown in the chart and table below represents the returns achieved by the Class A shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 24, 2012 and the performance of the Fund's Investor Class shares from February 24, 2012 through December 31, 2016. The table below also shows the performance of the A Class, C Class, Y Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund. The performance shown for the Institutional Class shares of the Fund represents the performance of (i) the Class I shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 24, 2012, and (ii) the Institutional Class shares from February 24, 2012 through December 31, 2016. Returns shown for the Fund's Y Class, A Class and C Class shares represent the returns achieved by the Class A shares of the Fund's predecessor from January 1, 2007 to February 24, 2012, and the performance of the Y Class, A Class and C Class shares, respectively, from February 24, 2012 through December 31, 2016. In each case, the newer share classes would have had similar annual returns to the predecessor Fund's Class A and Class I shares because the shares of each class represent investments in the same portfolio securities. However, the older share classes had different expenses than the newer share classes, which would affect performance. You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Calendar year total returns for Investor Class Shares. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Investor Class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
9.76 |
% |
10.73 |
% |
7.11 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
9.53 |
% |
9.76 |
% |
6.49 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
5.71 |
% |
8.54 |
% |
5.78 |
% |
28 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Years |
10 Years |
||||
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
|
|
9.61 |
% |
10.56 |
% |
7.03 |
% |
C |
|
|
8.76 |
% |
9.75 |
% |
6.64 |
% |
Y |
|
|
9.96 |
% |
10.94 |
% |
7.21 |
% |
Institutional |
|
|
10.05 |
% |
11.04 |
% |
7.39 |
% |
|
|
1 Year |
5 Year |
10 Year |
||||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russell 2000 Growth Index |
|
|
11.32 |
% |
13.74 |
% |
7.76 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown only for Investor Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC.
Portfolio Managers
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC |
Ryan Crane
Kelly Ranucci
|
John Thornton
Sam Chase
|
* Predecessor Fund inception date.
** Includes Predecessor Fund.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
29 |
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
30 |
Prospectus – Fund Summaries |
Additional Information About the Funds
To help you better understand the Funds, this section provides a detailed discussion of the Funds' investment policies, their principal strategies and risks and performance benchmarks. However, this Prospectus does not describe all of a Fund's investment practices. For additional information, please see the Funds' statement of additional information ("SAI"), which is available at www.americanbeaconfunds.com or by contacting us via telephone at 1-800-658-5811, by U.S. mail at P.O. Box 219643, Kansas City, MO 64121-9643, or by e-mail at americanbeaconfunds@ambeacon.com.
Additional Information About Investment Policies and Strategies
Investment Objectives
The American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund's investment objective is long-term capital appreciation.
The American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund's investment objective is long-term total return on capital, primarily through capital appreciation.
The American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund's investment objective is long-term total return on capital, primarily through capital appreciation and some income.
The American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund's investment objective is long-term growth of capital. The receipt of dividend income is a secondary consideration.
The American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund's investment objective is long-term growth of capital.
The American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund's investment objective is long-term growth of capital.
Except for the American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund, each Fund's investment objective is "non-fundamental", which means that it may be changed by the Fund's Board of Trustees ("Board") without the approval of the Fund's shareholders. The American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund's investment objective is fundamental, which means it may not be changed without the approval of the Fund's shareholders.
80% Investment Policies
The American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund has a non-fundamental policy to invest under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities of small capitalization companies.
The American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund has a non-fundamental policy to invest under normal market conditions at least 80% of its net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in stocks from among those in the large-cap growth category at the time of purchase.
The American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund has a non-fundamental policy to invest under normal market conditions at least 80% of Fund net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes), in stocks from among those in the large-cap value category at the time of purchase.
The American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund has a non-fundamental policy to invest under normal market conditions at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes), in equity securities of large market capitalization companies at the time of purchase.
The American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund has a non-fundamental policy to invest under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of medium capitalization companies.
The American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund has a non-fundamental policy to invest under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities of small capitalization companies.
If a Fund changes its 80% investment policy, a notice will be sent to shareholders at least 60 days in advance of the change and this prospectus will be supplemented.
Temporary Defensive Policy
Each Fund may depart from its principal investment strategy by taking temporary defensive positions in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During these times, a Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Additional Information About the Management of the Funds
The Funds have retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as their Manager. The Manager may allocate the assets of each Fund among different sub-advisors. The Manager provides or oversees the provision of all administrative, investment advisory and portfolio management services to the Funds. The Manager:
develops overall investment strategies for each Fund,
selects and changes sub-advisors,
allocates assets among sub-advisors,
monitors and evaluates the sub-advisor's investment performance,
monitors the sub-advisor's compliance with the Funds' investment objectives, policies and restrictions,
oversees the Funds' securities lending activities and actions taken by the securities lending agent to the extent applicable, and
directs the investment of the portion of Fund assets that the sub-advisors determine should be allocated to short-term investments.
Each of the Funds' assets are currently allocated by the Manager to one respective sub-advisor. Each subadvisor has full discretion to purchase and sell securities for its segment of the Funds' assets in accordance with the Funds' objectives, policies, restrictions and more specific strategies provided by the Manager. The Manager oversees the sub-advisors but does not reassess individual security selections made by the sub-advisors for their portfolios.
The Funds operate in a manager of managers structure. The Funds and the Manager have received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (''SEC'') that permits the Funds, subject to certain conditions and approval by the Board, to hire and replace sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager without approval of the shareholders. The Manager has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee sub-advisors and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The order also exempts the Funds from disclosing the advisory fees paid by the Funds to individual sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager in various documents filed with the SEC and provided to shareholders. Instead, the fees payable to unaffiliated sub-advisors are aggregated, and fees payable to sub-advisors that are affiliated with the Manager, if any, would be aggregated with fees payable to the Manager. Disclosure of the separate fees paid to an affiliated sub-advisor would be required. Whenever a sub-advisor change is proposed in reliance on the order, in order for the change to be implemented, the Board, including a majority of its "non-interested" trustees, must approve the change. In addition, the Funds are required to provide shareholders with certain information regarding any new sub-advisor within 90 days of the hiring of any new sub-advisor.
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Funds |
31 |
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund
The Fund's assets are allocated among the Manager and the following investment sub-advisor:
Bahl & Gaynor Inc., d/b/a/ Bahl & Gaynor Investment Counsel
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund
The Funds' assets are allocated among the Manager and the following investment sub-advisor:
Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc.
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund
The Fund's assets are allocated among the Manager and the following investment sub-advisor:
Holland Capital Management, LLC
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund
The Funds' assets are allocated among the Manager and the following investment sub-advisor:
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC
Additional Information About Investments
This section provides more detailed information regarding certain of the investments the Funds may invest in as well as information regarding the Funds' strategy with respect to investment of cash balances.
Cash Management Investments
A Fund may invest cash balances in money market funds that are registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the ‘‘Investment Company Act''), including money market funds that are advised by the Manager or a sub-advisor, and in futures contracts. If a Fund invests in money market funds, shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including, for example, advisory and administrative fees of the money market funds in which a Fund invests, such as advisory fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager. Shareholders also would be exposed to the risks associated with money market funds and the portfolio investments of such money market funds, including that a money market fund's yield will be lower than the return that a Fund would have derived from other investments that would provide liquidity.
For the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund and American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund:
To gain market exposure on cash balances held in anticipation of liquidity needs or reduce market exposure in anticipation of liquidity needs, a Fund also may purchase and sell non-commodity based futures contracts on a daily basis that relate to securities in which they may invest directly and indices comprised of such securities.
A futures contract is a contract to purchase or sell a particular security, or the cash value of an index, at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Under such contracts, no delivery of the actual securities is required. Rather, upon the expiration of the contract, settlement is made by exchanging cash in an amount equal to the difference between the contract price and the closing price of a security or index at expiration, net of the variation margin that was previously paid. As cash balances are invested in securities, a Fund may invest simultaneously those balances in futures contracts until the cash balances are delivered to settle the securities transactions. This exposes the Fund to the market risks associated with the underlying securities and indices. Because a Fund will have market exposure simultaneously in both the invested securities and futures contracts, a Fund may have more than 100% of its assets exposed to the markets. This can magnify gains and losses in a Fund. A Fund also may have to sell assets at inopportune times to satisfy its settlement or collateral obligations. The risks associated with the use of futures contracts also include that there may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by a Fund and the prices of futures contracts or the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying investment or indices and that there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract.
Equity Investments
A Fund's equity investments may include:
Common Stock. Common stock generally takes the form of shares in a corporation which represent an ownership interest. It ranks below preferred stock and debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the company in a liquidation or bankruptcy. Common stock may be exchange-traded or over-the-counter. Over the counter stock may be less liquid than exchange-traded stock.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are generally preferred stocks and other securities, including warrants that are convertible into or exercisable for common stock at a stated price or rate. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in an issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While typically providing a fixed-income stream, a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
Depositary Receipts, ADRs. American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts issued generally by domestic banks and represent the deposit with the bank of a security of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Investing in depositary receipts entails substantially the same risks as direct investment in foreign securities. There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies and there may be less governmental regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies. In addition, such companies may use different accounting and financial standards (and certain currencies may become unavailable for transfer from a foreign currency), resulting in a Fund's possible inability to convert immediately into U.S. currency proceeds realized upon the sale of portfolio securities of the affected foreign companies. In addition, a Fund may invest in unsponsored ADRs, the issuers of which are not obligated to disclose material information about the underlying securities to investors in the United States. Ownership of unsponsored ADRs may not entitle a Fund to the same benefits and rights as ownership of a sponsored ADR or the underlying security.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stock blends the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and its participation in the issuer's growth may be limited. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the receipt of dividends and in any residual assets after payment to creditors should the issuer be dissolved. Although the dividend is typically set at a fixed annual rate, in some circumstances it can be variable, changed or omitted by the issuer.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (''REITs''). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that own, and usually operate, income producing real estate. REITs typically are subject to management fees and other expenses that are separate from those of a Fund. REITs are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership
32 |
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Funds |
of real estate, such as declines in property values, increase in property taxes, operating expenses, rising interest rates or overbuilding, zoning changes, and losses from casualty or condemnation.
Additional Information About Risks
The greatest risk of investing in a mutual fund is that its returns will fluctuate and you could lose money. The following table identifies the risk factors of each Fund in light of their respective principal investment strategies. These risk factors are explained following the table.
Risk |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
Allocation Risk |
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Dividend Risk |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
Equity Investments Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Foreign Investing Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Futures Contracts Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Growth Companies Risk |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
Investment Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Issuer Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Large Capitalization Companies Risk |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Market Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk |
|
X |
X |
|
X |
|
Model and Data Risk |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
Other Investment Companies Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Redemption Risk |
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
Risk of Programming and Modelling Error |
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
Sector Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Securities Lending Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Securities Selection Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Small Capitalization Companies Risk |
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
Value Stocks Risk |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
Allocation Risk
This is the risk that a sub-advisor's judgments about, and allocations between, asset classes and market exposures may adversely affect a Fund's performance. This risk can be increased by the use of derivatives to increase allocations to various market exposures because derivatives can create investment leverage, which will magnify the impact to a Fund of its investment in any underperforming market exposure.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
A Fund, its service providers, and third-party fund distribution platforms, and shareholders' ability to transact with a Fund, may be negatively impacted due to operational risks arising from, among other problems, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity incidents. The occurrence of any of these problems could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage and other consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on a Fund or its shareholders. The Manager, through its monitoring and oversight of Fund service providers, endeavors to determine that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to such problems. However, it is not possible for the Manager, Fund service providers, or third-party fund distribution platforms to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Dividend Risk
A Fund's focus on dividend-paying stocks could cause the Fund to underperform funds that invest without consideration of a company's track record of paying dividends. Stocks of companies with a history of paying dividends may not participate in a broad market advance to the same degree as most other stocks, and a sharp rise in interest rates or economic downturn could cause a company to unexpectedly reduce or eliminate its dividend. At times, a Fund may not be able to identify dividend-paying stocks that are attractive investments. The income received by a Fund will also fluctuate due to the amount of dividends that companies elect to pay.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment risk and market risk. A Fund's investments in U.S. and foreign equity securities may include common stocks, preferred stocks, securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks, real estate investment trusts ("REITs"), depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges. Such investments may expose a Fund to additional risks.
Common Stocks. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or decreased demand for the company's products or services. A stock's value may also decline because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or sector. The price of a company's stock may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company, such as changes in interest rates, exchange rates or industry regulation. Companies that pay dividends on their common stock generally only do so after they invest in their own business and make required payments to bondholders and on other debt and preferred stock. Therefore, the value of a company's common stock will usually be more volatile than its bonds, other debt and preferred stock.
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Funds |
33 |
Convertible Securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by both the yield of non-convertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The investment value of a convertible is based on its yield and tends to decline as interest rates increase. The conversion value of a convertible is the market value that would be received if the convertible were converted to its underlying common stock. The conversion value will decrease as the price of the underlying common stock decreases. When conversion value is substantially below investment value, the convertible's price tends to be influenced more by its yield, so changes in the price of the underlying common stock may not have as much of an impact. Conversely, the convertible's price tends to be influenced more by the price of the underlying common stock when conversion value is comparable to or exceeds investment value. The value of a synthetic convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations than a convertible security, because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Convertible securities may be subject to market risk, credit risk and interest rate risk.
Depositary Receipts. A Fund may invest in securities issued by foreign companies through ADRs, and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks trading on U.S. exchanges. These securities are generally subject to many of the same risks of investing in the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular ADR or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stocks. If interest rates rise, the dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stocks may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions for their call or redemption prior to maturity which can have a negative effect on their prices when interest rates decline. Issuers may threaten preferred stockholders with the cancellation of all dividends and liquidation preference rights in an attempt to force their conversion to less secure common stock. Certain preferred stocks are equity securities because they do not constitute a liability of the issuer and therefore do not offer the same degree of protection of capital or continuation of income as debt securities. The rights of preferred stock on distribution of a corporation's assets in the event of its liquidation are generally subordinated to the rights associated with a corporation's debt securities. Therefore, in the event of an issuer's bankruptcy, there is substantial risk that there will be nothing left to pay preferred stockholders after payments, if any, to bondholders have been made. Preferred stocks may also be subject to credit risk.
REITs. REITs or other real estate-related securities are subject to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, including declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, overbuilding, changes in interest rates, and liabilities resulting from environmental problems. Generally, REITs can be classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or hybrid REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive their income primarily from rents and capital gains from appreciation realized through property sales. Equity REITs are further categorized according to the types of real estate they own, e.g., apartment properties, retail shopping centers, office and industrial properties, hotels, health-care facilities, manufactured housing and mixed-property types. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs. All REITs are dependent on management skills, are subject to heavy cash flow dependency or self-liquidation and generally are not diversified. Equity REITs are affected by the changes in the value of the properties owned by the trust. Mortgage REITs are affected by the quality of the credit extended. Both equity and mortgage REITs may not be diversified with regard to the types of tenants, may not be diversified with regard to the geographic locations of the properties, are subject to cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers, and could fail to qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or to maintain their exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act. REITs typically incur fees that are separate from those incurred by a Fund. Accordingly, a Fund's investment in REITs will result in the layering of expenses such that shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REITs' operating expenses, in addition to paying Fund expenses. The value of REIT common stock may decline when interest rates rise.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with domestic investments. Such risks include, but are not limited to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity and greater volatility of foreign investments, (4) lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) less government regulation and supervision of foreign banks, stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, (6) increased price volatility, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign markets. There may be very limited oversight of certain foreign banks or securities depositories that hold foreign securities and currency and the laws of certain countries may limit the ability to recover such assets if a foreign bank or depository or their agents goes bankrupt. To the extent a Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of a single country or region, it is more likely to be affected by events or conditions of that country or region.
Futures Contracts Risk
Futures contracts are a type of derivative investment. A derivative refers to any financial instrument whose value is derived, at least, in part, from the price of another security or a specified index, asset or rate. The use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. A Fund may use derivatives for hedging, to increase the exposure of its cash to the market value of its securities portfolio, and to create leverage. Derivatives can be highly complex and their use within a management strategy can require specialized skills. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. If a Fund's portfolio manager incorrectly forecasts stock market values, the direction of interest rates or currency exchange rates in utilizing a specific derivatives strategy for the Fund, the Fund could lose money. In addition, leverage embedded in a futures contract can expose a Fund to greater risk and increase its costs. Gains or losses in the value of a derivative instrument may be magnified and be much greater than the derivative's original cost (generally the initial margin deposit). Futures contracts require a Fund to post margin to secure its future obligation.
Futures contracts may experience dramatic price changes (losses) and imperfect correlations between the price of the contract and the underlying security, index or currency, which will increase the volatility of a Fund and may involve a small investment of cash (the amount of initial and variation margin) relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed (the potential increase or decrease in the price of the futures contract). There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contract. When a Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial. If a Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.
Growth Companies Risk
Growth companies are expected to increase their earnings at a certain rate. When these expectations are not met, the prices of these stocks may decline, even if earnings showed an absolute increase. Growth company stocks also typically lack the dividend yield that can cushion stock prices in market downturns. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor, depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Fund's growth style could cause it to underperform funds that use a value or non-growth approach to investing or have a broader investment style.
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Investment Risk
An investment in a Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. A Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. The share price of a Fund fluctuates, which means that when you sell your shares of a Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in a Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets. When the issuer of a security implements strategic initiatives, including mergers, acquisitions and dispositions, there is the risk that the market response to such initiatives will cause the share price of the issuer's securities to fall.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk
The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Large market capitalization companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects. Conditions in the U.S. and many foreign economies have resulted, and may continue to result, in certain instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing on attractive terms, if at all. In some cases, traditional market participants have been less willing to make a market in some types of debt instruments, which has affected the liquidity of those instruments. During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and the yields to decline. The reduced liquidity in fixed income and credit markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region.
In response to the financial crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. In some countries where economic conditions are recovering, they are nevertheless perceived as still fragile. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations, including changes in tax laws. The impact of new financial regulation legislation on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully known for some time. Regulatory changes are causing some financial services companies to exit long-standing lines of business, resulting in dislocations for other market participants. In addition, political and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad, such as the U.S. government's inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, the threat of a federal government shutdown and threats not to increase the federal government's debt limit, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. The results of the recent U.S. presidential election may result in significant changes in certain policies. These changes may result in lower corporate taxes, higher levels of public debt, higher interest rates, more restrictions on international trade, and less stringent prudential regulation of certain players in the financial markets.
Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact of a significant rate increase on various markets. For example, because investors may buy securities or other investments with borrowed money, a significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the markets for those investments.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk
Investments in mid-capitalization companies generally involve greater risks and the possibility of greater price volatility than investments in larger, more established companies. Mid-capitalization companies often have narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of a Fund's portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks. Additionally, mid-capitalization companies may have less market liquidity than large capitalization companies, and they can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Model and Data Risk
Models and data are used to screen potential investments for the Funds. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Funds to potential risks. Securities selected using models or data can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole or securities selected using only fundamental analysis, which could adversely affect value. Some of the models used by the sub-advisor are predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied historical data. In addition, factors that affect a security's value can change over time and these changes may not be reflected in the quantitative model.
Other Investment Companies Risk
A Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market funds. To the extent that a Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, a Fund will indirectly bear fees and expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, charged by those investment companies in addition to a Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated with investments in those funds. For example, a Fund's investments in money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk. A Fund must rely on the investment company in which it invests to achieve its investment objective. If the investment company fails to achieve its investment objective, the value of a Fund's investment will decline, adversely affecting a Fund's performance. To the extent a Fund invests in other investment companies that invest in equity securities, fixed income securities and/or foreign securities, or track an index, the Fund is subject to the risks associated with investing in such securities or the index fluctuations.
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Funds |
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Redemption Risk
A Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause a Fund to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value. Redemption risk is greater to the extent that one or more investors or intermediaries control a large percentage of investments in a Fund, have short investment horizons, or have unpredictable cash flow needs. A general rise in interest rates has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from mutual funds that hold large amounts of fixed income securities. This, coupled with a reduction in the ability or willingness of dealers and other institutional investors to buy or hold fixed income securities, may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets, and heightened redemption risk. Heavy redemptions, whether by a few large investors or many smaller investors, could hurt a Fund's performance.
Risk of Programming and Modeling Error
The success of the sub-advisor's investment strategy depends largely on the effectiveness of its research models for screening assets for investment. Assets selected using models and programs can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole or securities selected using only fundamental analysis, which could adversely affect value. Factors that affect an asset's value can change over time and these changes may not be reflected in the quantitative model. The data used to build the model is extremely complex and involves financial, economic, econometric and statistical theories which are then translated into computer code to create the applicable program. Human judgment plays a role in building, utilizing, testing and modifying the financial algorithms and formulas used in these models. Additionally, the data, which is typically supplied by third parties, can be imprecise or become stale due to new events or changing circumstances. Market performance can be affected by non-quantitative factors (for example, investor fear or over-reaction or other emotional considerations) that are not easily integrated into modeling programs. There may also be errors in the code for the models or issues relating to the computer systems used to screen securities. The sub-advisor's security selection can be adversely affected if it relies on erroneous or outdated data, and there is a risk that the finished model may contain errors; one or more of which could adversely affect a Fund's performance.
Sector Risk
Sector risk is the risk associated with the Fund holding a significant amount of investments in similar businesses, which would be similarly affected by particular economic or market events, which may, in certain circumstances, cause the value of the equity and debt securities of companies in a particular sector of the market to change. To the extent the Fund has substantial holdings within a particular sector, the risks to the Fund, associated with that sector, increase.
Securities Lending Risk
A Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and financial institutions to seek income. There is a risk that a borrower may default on its obligations to return loaned securities; however, a Fund's securities lending agent may indemnify a Fund against that risk. There is a risk that the assets of a Fund's securities lending agent may be insufficient to satisfy any contractual indemnification requirements to that Fund. Borrowers of the Fund's securities typically provide collateral in the form of cash that is reinvested in securities. A Fund will be responsible for the risks associated with the investment of cash collateral, including any collateral invested in an affiliated money market fund. A Fund may lose money on its investment of cash collateral or may fail to earn sufficient income on its investment to meet obligations to the borrower. In addition, delays may occur in the recovery of securities from borrowers, which could interfere with a Fund's ability to vote proxies or to settle transactions and there is the risk of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisors or the Manager for a Fund may not perform to expectations. The portfolio managers' judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular asset class or individual security may be incorrect and there is no guarantee that individual securities will perform as anticipated. The value of an individual security can be more volatile than the market as a whole or our intrinsic value approach may fail to produce the intended results. The portfolio managers' estimate of intrinsic value may be wrong or even if its estimate of intrinsic value is correct, it may take a long period of time before the price and intrinsic value converge. This could result in a Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Small Capitalization Companies Risk
Investments in small capitalization companies generally involve greater risks and the possibility of greater price volatility than investments in larger capitalization and more established companies. Small capitalization companies often have narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of a Fund's portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks. Additionally, small capitalization companies may have less market liquidity than larger capitalization companies, and they can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Value Stocks Risk
Investments in value stocks are subject to the risk that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market or that their prices may go down. This may result in the value stocks' prices remaining undervalued for extended periods of time. While a Fund's investments in value stocks seek to limit potential downside price risk over time, value stock prices still may decline substantially. In addition the Fund may produce more modest gains as a trade-off for this potentially lower risk. A Fund's performance also may be affected adversely if value stocks become unpopular with or lose favor among investors. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor, depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Fund's value style could cause it to underperform funds that use a growth or non-value approach to investing or have a broader investment style.
Additional Information About Performance Benchmarks
In this Prospectus, the annual total return of each Fund has been compared to one or more broad-based market index(es). Set forth below is additional information regarding the index to which each Fund's performance is compared.
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund
The Fund's performance is compared to the Russell 2000 ® Growth Index. The Russell 2000 ® Growth Index is an unmanaged index of those stocks in the Russell 2000 ® Index with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The Russell 2000 ® Index is an unmanaged index of approximately 2000 smaller-capitalization stocks from various industrial sectors.
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American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund
The Fund's performance is compared to the Russell 1000 ® Growth Index. The Russell 1000 Growth Index measures the performance of the large-cap growth segment of the U.S. equity universe. It includes those Russell 1000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The Russell 1000 Growth Index is constructed to provide a comprehensive and unbiased barometer for the large-cap growth segment. The Index is completely reconstituted annually to ensure new and growing equities are included and that the represented companies continue to reflect growth characteristics.
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund
The Fund's performance is compared to the Russell 1000 ® Value Index. The Russell 1000 ® Value Index is an unmanaged index of those stocks in the Russell 1000 ® Index with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values. The Russell 1000 Index measures the performance of the 1,000 largest U.S. companies based on total market capitalization.
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund
The Fund's performance is compared to the Russell 1000 ® Growth Index. The Russell 1000 ® Growth Index is an unmanaged index of those stocks in the Russell 1000 ® Index with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The Russell 1000 Index measures the performance of the 1,000 largest U.S. companies based on total market capitalization.
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund
The Fund's performance is compared to the Russell Midcap ® Growth Index. The Russell Midcap ® Growth Index is an unmanaged index of those stocks in the Russell Midcap ® Index with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The Russell Midcap ® Index measures the performance of the 800 smallest companies in the Russell 1000 ® Index.
American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund
The Fund's performance is compared to the Russell 2000 ® Growth Index. The Russell 2000 ® Growth Index is an unmanaged index of those stocks in the Russell 2000 ® Index with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The Russell 2000 ® Index is an unmanaged index of approximately 2000 smaller-capitalization stocks from various industrial sectors.
Notices Regarding Index Data:
Russell 1000 ® Index, Russell 1000 ® Value Index, Russell 1000 ® Growth Index, Russell 2000 ® Growth Index , Russell Midcap ® Index, Russell Midcap ® Growth Index are registered trademarks of Frank Russell Company.
American Beacon Funds is not promoted, sponsored or endorsed by, nor in any way affiliated with Russell Investment Group ("Russell"). Russell is not responsible for and has not reviewed the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund, American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund nor any associated literature or publications and Russell makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to their accuracy, or completeness, or otherwise.
Russell reserves the right, at any time and without notice, to alter, amend, terminate or in any way change the Russell Indexes. Russell has no obligation to take the needs of any particular fund or its participants or any other product or person into consideration in determining, composing or calculating any of the Russell Indexes.
Russell's publication of the Russell Indexes in no way suggests or implies an opinion by Russell as to the attractiveness or appropriateness of investment in any or all securities upon which the Russell Indexes are based. RUSSELL MAKES NO REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR GUARANTEE AS TO THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, RELIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE OF THE RUSSELL INDEXES OR ANY DATA INCLUDED IN THE RUSSELL INDEXES. RUSSELL MAKES NO REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE REGARDING THE USE, OR THE RESULTS OF USE, OF THE RUSSELL INDEXES OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN, OR ANY SECURITY (OR COMBINATION THEREOF) COMPRISING THE RUSSELL INDEXES. RUSSELL MAKES NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSELL INDEX(ES) OR ANY DATA OR ANY SECURITY (OR COMBINATION THEREOF) INCLUDED THEREIN.
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Funds |
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Fund Management
The Manager
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC. (the "Manager") serves as the Manager and administrator of the Funds. The Manager, located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039, is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC, which is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC and Estancia Capital Partners L.P.
The Manager was organized in 1986 to provide investment management, advisory, and administrative services. The Manager is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Manager is not registered as a commodity pool operator ("CPO") with respect to each Fund, other than the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, in reliance on the delayed compliance date provided by No-Action Letter 12-38 of the Division of Swaps Dealer and Intermediary Oversight ("Division") of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"). Pursuant to this letter, the Manager is not required to register as a CPO, or rely on an exemption from registration, until six months from the date the Division issues revised guidance on the application of the calculation of the de minimis thresholds in the context of the CPO exclusion in CFTC Regulation 4.5. In addition, on behalf of all of the Funds, the Manager has also filed a notice claiming the CFTC Regulation 4.5 exclusion from CPO registration. The Manager is also exempt from registration as a commodity trading advisor under CFTC Regulation 4.14(a)(8) with respect to the Funds.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, each Fund paid aggregate management fees to the Manager and investment advisory fees to its sub-advisor(s) as a percentage of each Fund's daily average net assets, net of waivers and recoupments, as follows:
American Beacon Fund |
Aggregate Management and Investment Advisory Fees |
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
0.51% |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
0.54% |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
0.67% |
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth |
0.75% |
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
0.78% |
American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth |
0.98% |
The Manager also may receive 10% of the net monthly income generated from a Fund's securities lending activities as compensation for oversight of the Funds' securities lending program, including the securities lending agent, State Street Bank. The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Funds to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions in shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager.
As of the date of this prospectus, each Fund intends to engage in securities lending activities.
A discussion of the Board's consideration and approval of the Management Agreement between the Funds and the Manager and the Investment Advisory Agreements among the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, each sub-advisor and the Manager is available in the Fund's semi-annual report for the period ended June 30, 2016 and annual report for the period ended December 31, 2016.
In the past, the Manager has waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for a Fund in order to maintain competitive expense ratios for the Fund. The Board has approved a policy whereby the Manager may seek repayment for any contractual or voluntary fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the contractual percentage limit.
The Sub-Advisors
Set forth below is a brief description of each sub-advisor and the portfolio managers who are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the sub-advisor's allocation of a Fund. The Funds' SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers, including other accounts they manage, their ownership in the Funds they manage and their compensation.
BAHL & GAYNOR INC., D/B/A BAHL & GAYNOR INVESTMENT COUNSEL ("Bahl & Gaynor") , is located at 255 East Fifth Street, Suite 2700 Cincinnati, OH 45202. Bahl & Gaynor was established in 1990. Bahl & Gaynor is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Bahl & Gaynor managed approximately $9.52 billion in assets as of March 31, 2017. Bahl & Gaynor serves as sub-advisor to the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund.
Edward A. Woods is Vice President and Principal. Mr. Woods is responsible for portfolio management, investment research of the insurance industry, and client service. Mr. Woods has been with the firm since September 2004. Prior to joining Bahl & Gaynor, Mr. Woods was a Vice President and Senior Investment Counselor with the Northern Trust Company in Chicago. He was responsible for investment management of high net worth client relationships with total assets under management in excess of $750 million. In addition, Mr. Woods was a member of the Equity Selection, Fixed Income, and Asset Allocation committees. Prior to Northern Trust, Mr. Woods was an Assistant Vice President and Portfolio Manager with LaSalle Bank in Chicago where his responsibilities included managing high net worth personal portfolios and investment research coverage of the finance sector. Prior to LaSalle Bank, Mr. Woods was a Portfolio Manager with Star Bank in Cincinnati where he was responsible for managing institutional investment portfolios and research coverage of the finance sector. From 1989 to 1994, Mr. Woods was a Trust Officer and Portfolio Manager with Fifth Third Bank in Cincinnati. Mr. Woods is a CFA Charterholder.
Scott D. Rodes is Vice President and Principal. Mr. Rodes is responsible for portfolio management, investment research of the technology and basic materials sectors, and client service. Mr. Rodes has been with the firm since June 2001. Prior to joining Bahl & Gaynor, Mr. Rodes was a Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager for Northern Trust in Chicago. He was responsible for investment management of agency accounts for high net worth individuals, with assets under management in excess of $900 million. In addition, Mr. Rodes was a member of the Northern Investment Counselors Equity Selection Committee. Prior to joining Northern Trust, Mr. Rodes was a research analyst for Waddell & Reed in Kansas City, where his responsibilities included coverage of technology industries. From 1989 to 1997, Mr. Rodes was an Assistant Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager for Fifth Third Bank in Cincinnati. Mr. Rodes is a CFA Charterholder.
Stephanie S. Thomas is Vice President and Principal. Ms. Thomas is responsible for portfolio management, investment research of the REIT sector, and client service. Ms. Thomas has been with the firm since July 2012. Prior to joining Bahl & Gaynor, Ms. Thomas served as the Managing Director of Client Management for Fifth Third Asset Management, Inc. since 2003. She managed a team of senior relationship managers and staff supporting over 250
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Prospectus – Fund Management |
institutional clients with $6 billion in assets. Ms. Thomas stewarded the evolution of all aspects of client management in the areas of investment review, reporting, compliance, and account management to provide outstanding client service and to build efficiencies for the firm. As a managing director, Ms. Thomas was a member of a collaborative seven person senior leadership team overseeing sales, product development, system conversion, compliance, client management, marketing and legal aspects of the firm. In addition to her management responsibilities, Ms. Thomas served as relationship manager and primary point of contact for many of the firm's largest clients. She has over 20 years of client management experience and strongly believes in the benefit of long-term relationships. Ms. Thomas was a Senior Investment officer in Fifth Third's Investment Advisors Division from 1998 to 2003. She was a member of the Commercial Banking team from 1989 to 1995. Ms. Thomas is a CFA Charterholder.
BRIDGEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. ("Bridgeway Capital") , 20 Greenway Plaza, Suite 450, Houston, Texas 77046, is a registered investment adviser. Bridgeway Capital is a Texas corporation that was organized in 1993. As of March 31, 2017, Bridgeway Capital had approximately $8.37 billion in assets under management. Bridgeway Capital serves as sub-advisor to the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund and the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund.
Investment decisions for the Funds are based on statistical models run by Bridgeway Capital's Investment Management Team. Collectively, the following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds' portfolio.
John Montgomery is the Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager for the Fund. Mr. Montgomery founded Bridgeway Capital in 1993 and has been a Portfolio Manager since that time. Mr. Montgomery has served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Investment Officer since June 2010. Prior thereto, he served as President from 1993 to June 2010. Mr. Montgomery was the investment management team leader of the Fund's predecessor fund since its inception in 2003.
Elena Khoziaeva , CFA, is a Portfolio Manager and began working at Bridgeway Capital in 1998. Ms. Khoziaeva has served as a portfolio manager since 2005. Her responsibilities include portfolio management, investment research, and statistical modeling. Ms. Khoziaeva was an investment management team member of the Fund's predecessor fund since 2003.
Michael Whipple , CFA, is a Portfolio Manager and began working at Bridgeway Capital in 2002. Mr. Whipple has served as a portfolio manager since 2005. His responsibilities include portfolio management, investment research, and statistical modeling. Mr. Whipple was an investment management team member of the Fund's predecessor fund since 2003.
HOLLAND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC ("Holland Capital") , 303 W. Madison Street, Suite 700, Chicago, Illinois 60606, is a Delaware limited liability company founded in 1991. As of March 31, 2017, Holland Capital had approximately $2.49 billion in assets under management. Holland Capital serves as sub-advisor to the American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund.
The persons employed by or associated with Holland Capital who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio are Monica L. Walker and Carl R. Bhathena.
Monica L Walker , President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager, is a founding partner of Holland Capital Management, which was established in 1991. With over 34 years of financial services experience, including 27 years of investment management experience, Ms. Walker serves as Chief Investment Officer – Equity, responsible for execution of the firm's large cap growth and mid cap growth equity strategies with a team of equity research analysts. She was a Portfolio Manager of the Fund's predecessor fund since its inception in April 1996 and is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio. She has worked as a member of the firm's equity team and Investment Policy Committee since the firm's inception 20 years ago.
Carl R. Bhathena is Portfolio Manager of the firm's large cap and mid cap growth equity strategies. As a Senior Equity Analyst, he is also responsible for fundamental research and valuation analysis within the technology sector of the market. Mr. Bhathena served as Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund's predecessor fund since 2009 and is jointly responsible for day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio. Since he joined Holland Capital in 1998, he has been a member of the firm's equity team and Investment Policy Committee. Mr. Bhathena began his career with EVEREN Securities Inc. (formerly Kemper Securities Inc.) as an associate analyst in the company's investment strategy group. Mr. Bhathena was later promoted to Vice President – Investment Strategist and performed aggregate fundamental qualitative and quantitative analysis on global financial markets, sectors, industry groups, and specific companies as well as economic and interest rate forecasting.
STEPHENS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC ("SIMG") , 111 Center Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72201, was founded in 2005 and is a subsidiary of Stephens Investments Holdings LLC, a privately held and family owned company. As of March 31, 2017, SIMG had approximately $4.14 billion in assets under management. SIMG serves as sub-advisor to the American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund.
The persons who are primarily and jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds are listed below.
Ryan Crane is the Senior Portfolio Manager for the Funds and Chief Investment Officer of SIMG, and is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds' portfolios. Mr. Crane has served as Senior Portfolio Manager and Chief Investment Officer since SIMG was formed in 2005. Mr. Crane joined Stephens Inc., an affiliate of SIMG, in September of 2004 as a Senior Portfolio Manager in charge of small and small/mid-cap growth accounts. Prior to joining Stephens Inc., Mr. Crane worked for AIM Management Group ("AIM") since 1994. While at AIM, Mr. Crane was the lead manager of the AIM Small Cap Growth Fund and served as co-manager on various other AIM funds. Mr. Crane is a CFA Charterholder.
John Thornton is the Co-Portfolio Manager of the Funds and is jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds' portfolios. Mr. Thornton has served as Co-Portfolio Manager since SIMG was formed in 2005. Mr. Thornton joined Stephens Inc. in September of 2004 as a Co-Portfolio Manager in charge of small and small/mid-cap growth accounts. Prior to joining Stephens Inc., Mr. Thornton worked for AIM since 2000. While at AIM, Mr. Thornton was the senior analyst of the AIM Small Cap Growth Fund and various AIM technology funds. Mr. Thornton is a CFA Charterholder.
Kelly Ranucci is the Co-Portfolio Manager of the Funds and is jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds' portfolios. Ms. Ranucci has served as Co-Portfolio Manager since March 2011. Prior thereto she was Senior Equity Analyst from March 2008 to March 2011 and Equity Analyst from September 2004 to March 2008. Ms. Ranucci joined Stephens Inc. in September of 2004 as an Equity Analyst of small/mid-cap growth accounts. Prior to joining Stephens Inc., Ms. Ranucci worked for AIM since 1994. While at AIM, Ms. Ranucci was responsible for research and analysis of small and medium capitalization securities for AIM's Small Cap Growth and Mid-Cap Growth Funds. Ms. Ranucci is a CFA Charterholder.
Sam Chase is the Co-Portfolio Manager of the Funds and is jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds' portfolios. Mr. Chase has served as Co-Portfolio Manager since March 2011. Prior thereto he was Senior Equity Analyst from March 2008 to March 2011 and Equity Analyst from September 2004 to March 2008. Mr. Chase joined Stephens Inc. in September of 2004 as an Equity Analyst of small/mid-cap growth accounts. Prior to joining Stephens Inc., Mr. Chase worked for AIM. While at AIM, Mr. Chase was responsible for research and analysis of small capitalization securities for AIM's Small Cap Growth Fund. Mr. Chase is a CFA Charterholder.
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Valuation of Shares
The price of each Fund's shares is based on its net asset value ("NAV") per share. Each Fund's NAV is computed by adding total assets, subtracting all of the Fund's liabilities, and dividing the result by the total number of shares outstanding.
The NAV of each class of a Fund's shares is determined based on a pro rata allocation of a Fund's investment income, expenses and total capital gains and losses. A Fund's NAV per share is determined each business day as of the regular close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (‘‘NYSE''), which is typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. However, if trading on the NYSE closes at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, a Fund's NAV per share typically would still be determined as of the regular close of trading on the NYSE. The Funds do not price their shares on days that the NYSE is closed. Foreign exchanges may permit trading in foreign securities on days when a Fund is not open for business, which may result in the value of a Fund's portfolio investments being affected at a time when you are unable to buy or sell shares.
Equity securities and certain derivative instruments that are traded on an exchange are valued based on market value. Certain derivative instruments (other than short-term securities) usually are valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service. The price of debt securities generally is determined using pricing services or quotes obtained from broker/dealers who may consider a number of inputs and factors, such as comparable characteristics, yield curve, credit spreads, estimated default rates, coupon rates, underlying collateral and estimated cash flow. Investments in other mutual funds are valued at the closing NAV per share of the mutual funds on the day of valuation. Equity securities, including shares of closed-end funds and ETFs, are valued at the last sale price or official closing price.
The valuation of securities traded on foreign markets and certain fixed income securities will generally be based on prices determined as of the earlier closing time of the markets on which they primarily trade, unless a significant event has occurred. When a Fund holds securities or other assets that are denominated in a foreign currency, a Fund will normally use the currency exchange rates as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
Securities may be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith and pursuant to procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, under certain limited circumstances. For example, fair value pricing will be used when market quotations are not readily available or reliable, as determined by the Manager, such as when (i) trading for a security is restricted or stopped; (ii) a security's trading market is closed (other than customary closings); or (iii) a security has been de-listed from a national exchange. A security with limited market liquidity may require fair value pricing if the Manager determines that the available price does not reflect the security's true market value. In addition, if a significant event that the Manager determines to affect the value of one or more securities held by a Fund occurs after the close of a related exchange but before the determination of a Fund's NAV, fair value pricing may be used on the affected security or securities. Securities of small capitalization companies are also more likely to require a fair value determination using these procedures because they are more thinly traded and less liquid than the securities of larger capitalization companies. The Funds may fair value securities as a result of significant events occurring after the close of the foreign markets in which a Fund invests. In addition, the Funds may invest in illiquid securities requiring these procedures.
Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Manager compares the new market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of the Funds' fair valuation procedures. If any significant discrepancies are found, the Manager may adjust the Funds' fair valuation procedures. You may view a Fund's most recent NAV per share at www.americanbeaconfunds.com by clicking on ''Quick Links'' and then ''Daily NAVs.''
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Prospectus – Fund Management |
About Your Investment
Choosing Your Share Class
Each Fund offers various classes of shares. Each share class of a Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities for that Fund, but each class has its own expense structure and combination of purchase restrictions, sales charges and ongoing fees, allowing you to choose the class that best fits your situation.
Factors you should consider when choosing a class of shares include:
How long you expect to own the shares;
How much you intend to invest;
Total expenses associated with owning shares of each class;
Whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges;
Whether you plan to take any distributions in the near future; and
Availability of share classes.
Each investor's financial considerations are different. You should speak with your financial adviser to help you decide which share class is best for you.
A Class Charges and Waivers
The table below shows the amount of sales charges you will pay on purchases of A Class shares of the Funds both as a percentage of offering price and as a percentage of the amount you invest. The sales charge differs depending upon the amount you invest and may be reduced or eliminated for larger purchases as indicated below. If you invest more, the sales charge will be lower.
Any applicable sales charge will be deducted directly from your investment. Because of rounding of the calculation in determining the sales charges, you may pay more or less than what is shown in the table below. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or other distributions are not subject to a front-end sales charge. You may qualify for a reduced sales charge or the sales charge may be waived as described below in ‘‘A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers.''
Amount of Sale/ Account Value |
As a % of Offering Price |
As a % of Investment |
Dealer Commission as a % of Offering Price |
Less than $50,000 |
5.75% |
6.10% |
5.00% |
$50,000 but less than $100,000 |
4.75% |
4.99% |
4.00% |
$100,000 but less than $250,000 |
3.75% |
3.90% |
3.00% |
$250,000 but less than $500,000 |
2.75% |
2.83% |
2.05% |
$500,000 but less than $1 million |
2.00% |
2.04% |
1.50% |
$1 million and above |
0.00% |
0.00% |
|
No initial sales charge applies on purchases of $1,000,000 or more. A CDSC of 0.50% of the offering price will be charged on purchases of $1,000,000 or more that are redeemed in whole or in part within eighteen (18) months of purchase.
See ''Dealer Concessions on A Class Purchases Without a Front-End Sales Charge''.
Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the ''Distributor'') retains any portion of the commissions that are not paid to financial intermediaries to solely pay distribution-related expenses.
A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
A shareholder may qualify for a waiver or reduction in sales charges under certain circumstances. To receive a waiver or reduction in your A Class sales charge, you must advise the Funds' transfer agent, your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of your eligibility at the time of purchase. If you or your financial intermediary do not let the Funds' transfer agent know that you are eligible for a reduction, you may not receive a sales charge discount to which you are otherwise entitled.
Waiver of Sales Charges
There is no sales charge if you invest $1 million or more in A Class shares.
Sales charges also may be waived for certain shareholders or transactions, such as:
The Manager or its affiliates;
Present and former directors, trustees, officers, employees of the Manager, the Manager's parent company, and American Beacon Funds (and their ‘‘immediate family'' as defined in the SAI), and retirement plans established by them for their employees;
Registered representatives or employees of intermediaries that have selling agreement with the Funds;
Shares acquired through merger or acquisition;
Insurance company separate accounts;
Employer-sponsored retirement plans;
Dividend reinvestment programs;
Purchases through certain fee-based programs under which investors pay advisory fees that may be offered through selected registered investment advisers, broker-dealers, and other financial intermediaries;
Shareholders that purchase a Fund through a financial intermediary that offers our A Class shares uniformly on a ‘‘no load'' (or reduced load) basis to you and all similarly situated customers of the intermediary in accordance with the intermediary's prescribed fee schedule for purchases of fund shares; and
Reinvestment of proceeds within 90 days of a redemption from A Class account (see Redemption Policies for more information).
The availability of A Class sales charge waivers may depend upon the policies, procedures, and trading platform of your financial intermediary.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
41 |
Reduced Sales Charges
Under a ''Rights of Accumulation Program,'' a ''Letter of Intent'' or through ''Concurrent Purchases'' you may be eligible to buy A Class shares of the Funds at the reduced sales charge rates that would apply to a larger purchase. Each Fund reserves the right to modify or to cease offering these programs at any time.
This information is available, free of charge, on the Funds' website, www.americanbeaconfunds.com or call (800) 658-5811 or consult with your financial advisor.
Dealer Concessions on A Class Purchases Without a Front-End Sales Charge
Brokers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of a Fund may receive a dealer concession from the Funds' Distributor of 0.50% of the offering price. If a client or broker is unable to provide account verification on purchases of $1,000,000 or more, the dealer concession will be forfeited by the broker and front-end sales loads will apply. Dealer concessions will not be paid on shares purchased by exchange or shares that were previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer concession. Dealer concessions will be paid only on eligible purchases where the applicability of the CDSC can be monitored. Purchases eligible for sales charge waivers as described under ‘‘A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers'' are not eligible for dealer concessions on purchases of $1,000,000 or more.
Rights of Accumulation Program
Under the Rights of Accumulation Program, you may qualify for a reduced sales charge for A Class shares by aggregating all of your investments held in certain accounts (‘'Qualified Accounts''). The following Qualified Accounts holding any share class of the American Beacon Funds may be grouped together to qualify for the reduced sales charge under the Rights of Accumulation Program or Letter of Intent:
Accounts owned by you, your spouse or your minor children under the age of 21, including trust or other fiduciary accounts in which you, your spouse or your minor children are the beneficiary;
Uniform transfer or gift to minor accounts (‘‘UTMA/UGTMA'');
Individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"), including traditional, Roth, SEP and SIMPLE IRAs; and
Coverdell Education Savings Accounts or qualified 529 plans.
A fiduciary can apply a right of accumulation to all shares purchased for a trust, estate or other fiduciary account that has multiple accounts.
You must notify your financial intermediary or the Funds' transfer agent, in the case of shares held directly with a Fund, at the time of purchase that a purchase qualifies for a reduced sales charge under the Rights of Accumulation Program. In addition, you must provide either a list of account numbers or copies of account statements verifying your qualification. You may combine the historical cost or current value, as of the day prior to your additional American Beacon Funds' purchase (whichever is higher) of your existing American Beacon Funds' mutual fund with the amount of your current purchase in order to take advantage of the reduced sales charge. Historical cost is the price you actually paid for the shares you own, plus your reinvested dividends and other distributions. If you are using historical cost to qualify for a reduced sales charge, you should retain any records to substantiate your historical costs since the Fund, its transfer agent or your financial intermediary may not maintain this information.
If your shares are held through financial intermediaries and/or in a retirement account (such as a 401(k) or employee benefit plan), you may combine the current NAV of your existing American Beacon Funds mutual fund investment with the amount of your current purchase in order to take advantage of the reduced sales charge. You or your financial intermediary must notify the Funds' transfer agent at the time of purchase that a purchase qualifies for a reduced sales charge and provide copies of account statements dated within three months of your current purchase verifying your qualification.
Upon receipt of the above referenced supporting documentation, the financial intermediary or the Funds' transfer agent will calculate the combined value of all of your Qualified Accounts to determine if the current purchase is eligible for a reduced sales charge. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of a dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with purchases for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
Letter of Intent
If you plan to invest at least $50,000 (excluding any reinvestment of dividends and other distributions) during the next 13 months in any class of a Fund, you may qualify for a reduced sales charge for purchases of A Class shares by completing the Letter of Intent section of your account application.
A Letter of Intent indicates your intent to purchase at least $50,000 in any class of the American Beacon Funds over the next 13 months in exchange for a reduced A Class sales charge indicated on the above tables. The minimum initial investment under a Letter of Intent is $2,500. You are not obligated to purchase additional shares if you complete a Letter of Intent. However, if you do not buy enough shares to qualify for the projected level of sales charge by the end of the 13-month period (or when you sell your shares, if earlier), your sales charge will be recalculated to reflect your actual purchase level. During the term of the Letter of Intent, shares representing 5% of your intended purchase will be held in escrow. If you do not purchase enough shares during the 13-month period to qualify for the projected reduced sales charge, the additional sales charge will be deducted from your account. If you have purchased shares of any American Beacon mutual fund within 90 days prior to signing a Letter of Intent, they may be included as part of your intended purchase, however, previous purchase transactions will not be recalculated with the proposed new breakpoint. You must provide either a list of account numbers or copies of account statements verifying your purchases within the past 90 days.
Concurrent Purchases
You may combine simultaneous purchases in shares of any of the American Beacon Funds to qualify for a reduced charge.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (''CDSC'') — A Class Shares
Unless a waiver applies, investors who purchase $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Fund (and, thus, pay no initial sales charge) will be subject to a 0.50% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within 18 months after they are purchased. The CDSC does not apply if you are otherwise eligible to purchase A Class shares without an initial sales charge or are eligible for one of the waivers described herein or in the SAI.
CDSC— C Class Shares
If you redeem C Class shares within 12 months of purchase, you may be charged a CDSC of 1%. The CDSC generally will be deducted from your redemption proceeds. In some circumstances, you may be eligible for one of the waivers described herein or in the SAI. You must advise the transfer agent of your eligibility for a waiver when you place your redemption request.
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Prospectus – About Your Investment |
How CDSCs will be Calculated
The amount of the CDSC will be based on the NAV of the redeemed shares at the time of the redemption or the original NAV, whichever is lower. Because of the rounding of the calculation in determining the CDSC, you may pay more or less than the indicated rate. Your CDSC holding period is based upon the date of your purchase. The CDSCs will be deducted from the proceeds of your redemption, not from amounts remaining in your account. A CDSC is not imposed on any increase in NAV over the initial purchase price or shares you received through the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares, the Funds will redeem your shares in the following order:
shares acquired by the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions;
other shares that are not subject to the CDSC;
shares held the longest during the holding period.
Waiver of CDSCs — A and C Class Shares
A shareholder may qualify for a CDSC waiver under certain circumstances. To have your CDSC waived, you must advise the Funds' transfer agent, your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of your eligibility at the time of redemption. If you or your financial intermediary do not let the Funds' transfer agent know that you are eligible for a waiver, you may not receive a waiver to which might otherwise be otherwise entitled.
The CDSC may be waived if:
The redemption is due to a shareholder's death or post-purchase disability;
The redemption is from a systematic withdrawal plan and represents no more than 10% of your annual account value;
The redemption is a benefit payment made from a qualified retirement plan, unless the redemption is due to the termination of the plan or the transfer of the plan to another financial institution;
The redemption is for a mandatory withdrawal from a traditional IRA account after age 70½;
The redemption is due to involuntary redemptions by a Fund as a result of your account not meeting the minimum balance requirements, the termination and liquidation of a Fund, or other actions;
The redemption is from accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a written agreement with the Distributor (or Manager) allowing this waiver;
The redemption is to return excess contributions made to a retirement plan; or
The redemption is to return contributions made due to a mistake of fact.
The SAI contains further details about the CDSC and the conditions for waiving the CDSC.
Information regarding CDSC waivers for A and C Class shares is available, free of charge, on the Funds' website. Please visit www.americanbeaconfunds.com. You may also call (800) 658-5811 or consult with your financial advisor.
Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions Available Through Certain Financial Intermediaries
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from a Fund or through a financial intermediary. Different intermediaries may impose different sales charges (including potential reductions in or waivers of sales charges). Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers." Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference (is legally a part of this Prospectus).
In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify a Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from a Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.
Purchase and Redemption of Shares
Eligibility
The A Class, C Class, Y Class, R6, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares offered in this Prospectus are available to eligible investors who meet the minimum initial investment. American Beacon Funds do not accept accounts registered to foreign individuals or entities, including foreign correspondent accounts. The Funds do not conduct operations and is not offered for purchase outside of the United States.
Subject to your eligibility, you may invest in a Fund directly or through intermediary organizations, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, plan sponsors, third party administrators and retirement plans.
If you invest directly with a Fund, the fees and policies with respect to the Fund's shares that are outlined in this Prospectus are set by the Fund. The Manager and the Funds are not responsible for determining the suitability of the Funds or share class for any investor.
Because in most cases it is more advantageous for investors using an intermediary to purchase A Class shares than C Class shares for amounts of $1,000,000 or more, the Funds will decline a request to purchase C Class shares for $1,000,000 or more.
If you invest through a financial intermediary, most of the information you will need for managing your investment will come from your financial intermediary. This includes information on how to buy, sell and exchange shares of the Funds. If you establish an account through a financial intermediary, the investment minimums described in this section may not apply. Investors investing in a Fund through a financial intermediary should consult with their financial intermediary to ensure they obtain any proper "breakpoint" discount and regarding the differences between available share classes. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary also may charge fees that are in addition to those described in this Prospectus. Please contact your intermediary for information regarding investment minimums, how to purchase and redeem shares and applicable fees.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
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Minimum Initial Investment by Share Class
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$ 250 |
A; Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$ 250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
R6 |
$5,000,000 |
$50 |
None |
Investor Class shares are also available to traditional IRA or Roth IRA shareholders investing directly in the Fund. The minimum investment is $2,500. A traditional IRA or Roth IRA invested directly will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15.00 by the Custodian.
R6 Class shares can only be purchased through a participating retirement plan. The minimum investment is $5,000,000.
The Manager may allow a reasonable period of time after opening an account for a Y Class, R6 Class or Institutional Class investor to meet the initial investment requirement. In addition, for investors such as trust companies and financial advisors who make investments for a group of clients, the minimum initial investment can be met through aggregated purchase orders for more than one client.
Opening an Account
You may open an account through your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. Please contact your financial intermediary for more information on how to open an account. Shares you purchase through your broker-dealer will normally be held in your account with that firm.
To open an account directly with the Funds, a completed, signed application is required. You may obtain an account application from the Funds' website www.americanbeaconfunds.com or by calling 1-800-658-5811. Institutional shareholders should call 1-800-967-9009.
Complete the application, sign it and send it:
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an account, you will be asked for information that will allow the Funds or your financial institution to identify you. Non-public corporations and other entities may be required to provide articles of incorporation, trust or partnership agreements, and Social Security or other taxpayer identification numbers on the account or other documentation. The Funds are required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided.
A Fund reserves the right to liquidate a shareholder's account at the current day's NAV and remit proceeds via check if the Fund or a financial institution is unable to verify the shareholder's identity within three days of account opening.
Purchase Policies
Shares of the Funds are offered and purchase orders are typically accepted until 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) on each day on which the NYSE is open for business. If a purchase order is received by a Fund in good order prior to the Fund's deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share next determined on that day, plus any applicable sales charges. If a purchase order is received in good order after the applicable deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share of the following day that a Fund is open for business plus any applicable sales charge. Shares of a Fund will only be issued against full payment, as described more fully in this Prospectus and SAI.
The Funds have authorized certain third party financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, third party administrators and trust companies, to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Funds and to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Funds. A Fund is deemed to have received such orders when they are received by the financial intermediaries or their designees. Thus, an order to purchase or sell Fund shares will be priced at the Fund's next determined NAV after receipt by the financial intermediary or its designee. It is the responsibility of your broker-dealer or financial intermediary to transmit orders that will be received by the Funds in proper form and in a timely manner.
Fund shares may be purchased only in U.S. States and Territories in which they can be legally sold. Prospective investors should inquire as to whether shares of a Fund are available for offer and sale in their jurisdiction. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse purchases if, in the judgment of the Funds, the transaction would adversely affect the Funds and its shareholders. Each Fund has the right to reject any purchase order or cease offering any or all classes of shares at any time. Checks to purchase shares are accepted subject to collection at full face value in U.S. funds and must be drawn in U.S. dollars on a U.S. bank. The Funds will not accept ''starter'' checks, credit card checks, money orders, cashier's checks, or third party checks.
If your payment is not received and collected, your purchase may be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees the Funds or the Manager has incurred. Under applicable anti-money laundering regulations and other federal regulations, purchase orders may be suspended, restricted or canceled and the monies may be withheld.
Please refer to the section titled ''Frequent Trading and Market Timing'' for information on the Funds' policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Redemption Policies
If you purchased shares of the Funds through your financial intermediary, please contact your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary to sell shares of a Fund.
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Prospectus – About Your Investment |
The redemption price will be the NAV next determined after a redemption request is received in good order, minus any applicable CDSC and/or redemption fees. In order to receive the redemption price calculated on a particular business day, redemption requests must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first).
Wire proceeds from redemption requests received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) generally are transmitted to shareholders on the next day the Funds are open for business. In any event, proceeds from a redemption request will typically be transmitted to a shareholder by no later than seven days after the receipt of a redemption request in good order. Delivery of proceeds from shares purchased by check or pre-authorized automatic investment may be delayed until the funds have cleared, which may take up to ten days.
You may, within 90 days of redemption, reinvest all or part of the proceeds of your redemption of A or C Class shares of a Fund, without incurring any applicable additional sales charge, in the same class of another American Beacon Fund, by sending a written request and a check to your financial intermediary or directly to the Funds. Reinvestment must be into the same account from which you redeemed the shares or received the distribution. Proceeds from a redemption and all dividend payments and other distributions will be reinvested in the same share class from which the original redemption or distribution was made. Reinvestment will be at the NAV next calculated after the Funds receive your request. You must notify the Funds and your financial intermediary at the time of investment if you decide to exercise this privilege.
The Funds reserve the right to suspend redemptions or postpone the date of payment for more than seven days (i) when the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) when trading on the NYSE is restricted; (iii) when the SEC determines that an emergency exists so that disposal of a Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) by order of the SEC for protection of the Funds' shareholders.
Although the Funds intend to redeem shares in cash, each Fund reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets held by the Fund. To the extent that a Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
Please refer to the section titled ‘‘Frequent Trading and Market Timing'' for information on the Funds' policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Exchange Policies
If you purchased shares of the Funds through your financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary to determine if you may take advantage of the exchange policies described in this section and for its policies to effect an exchange.
Shares of any class of a Fund may be converted to shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund under certain limited circumstances. Since an exchange involves a concurrent redemption and purchase, please review the sections titled "Redemption Policies" and "Purchase Policies" for additional limitations that apply to redemptions and purchases. There is no front-end sales charge on exchanges between A Class shares of a Fund for A Class shares of another fund. Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC in an exchange to shares of another fund having CDSC however, shares exchanged between funds that impose a CDSC will be charged a CDSC if redeemed within 12 months or 18 months, as applicable, of the purchase of the initial shares.
Before exchanging shares, shareholders should consider how the exchange may affect any CDSC that might be imposed on the subsequent redemption of remaining shares.
If shares were purchased by check, a shareholder must have owned shares of the redeeming fund for at least ten days prior to exchanging out of one fund and into another.
The eligibility and minimum investment requirement must be met for the class into which the shareholder is exchanging. Fund shares may be acquired through exchange only in U.S. states and Territories in which they can be legally sold. Each Fund reserves the right to charge a fee and to modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse exchange requests if, in the judgment of a Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. Please refer to the section titled "Frequent Trading and Market Timing" for information on the Funds' policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Shares of any class of a Fund may be converted to shares of another class of the same fund under certain limited circumstances. For federal income tax purposes, the conversion of shares of one share class of a Fund to shares of a different share class of the same Fund generally will not result in the realization of a capital gain or loss. However, an exchange of shares of one Fund for shares of a different American Beacon Fund will be considered a redemption and a concurrent purchase, respectively, and thus may result in a gain or loss for those purposes.
How to Purchase, Redeem or Exchange Shares
If your account is through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, please contact them directly to purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Funds. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary can help you open a new account, review your financial needs and formulate long-term investment goals and objectives. Your broker dealer or financial intermediary will transmit your request to a Fund and may charge you a fee for this service. A Fund will not accept a purchase order of $1,000,000 or more for C Class shares if the purchase is known to be on behalf of a single investor (not including dealer "street name" or omnibus accounts). Dealers, other financial intermediaries or fiduciaries purchasing shares for their customers are responsible for determining the suitability of a particular share class for an investor.
You should include the following information with any order:
Your name/Account registration
Your account number
Type of Transaction requested
Name(s) and fund number(s) of funds and class(es)
Dollar amount or number of shares
Transactions for direct shareholders are conducted through:
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
45 |
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class Only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
PO Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
Purchases by Wire:
Send a bank wire to State Street Bank and Trust Co. with these instructions:
ABA# 0110-0002-8; AC-9905-342-3,
Attn: American Beacon Funds
the fund name and fund number, and
shareholder account number and registration.
Redemption Proceeds will be mailed to account of record or transmitted to commercial bank designated on the account application form.
Share Class |
Minimum Initial Investment Amount |
Minimum Subsequent Investment Amount |
C |
$ 1,000 |
$250 |
A |
$ 2,500 |
$250 |
Investor |
$ 2,500 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
None |
R6 |
$5,000,000 |
None |
Supporting documents may be required for redemptions by estates, trusts, guardianships, custodians, corporations, and welfare, pension and profit sharing plans. Redemption requests must also include authorized signature(s) of all persons required to sign for the account. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions.
To protect the Fund and your account from fraud, a STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantee is required for redemption orders:
with a request to send the proceeds to an address or commercial bank account other than the address or commercial bank account designated on the account application,
for an account whose address has changed within the last 30 days if proceeds are sent by check, or
The Fund only accepts STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantees, which may be obtained at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions and further assistance.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
For certain share classes, the Funds and/or the Manager (and/or the Manager's affiliates) at their own expense may pay compensation to financial intermediaries for shareholder-related services and, if applicable, distribution-related services, including administrative, sub-transfer agency type, recordkeeping and shareholder communication services. For example, compensation may be paid to make Fund shares available to sales representatives and/or customers of a fund supermarket platform or similar program sponsor or for services provided in connection with such fund supermarket platforms and programs.
The amount of compensation paid to different financial intermediaries may differ. The compensation paid to a financial intermediary may be based on a variety of factors, including average assets under management in accounts distributed and/or serviced by the financial intermediary, gross sales by the financial intermediary and/or the number of accounts serviced by the financial intermediary that invest in the Funds. To the extent that the Funds pay any such compensation, it is designed to compensate the financial intermediary for providing services that would otherwise be provided by the Manager, the Funds or their transfer agent. To the extent the Manager or its affiliates pay such compensation, it would likely include amounts from that party's own resources and constitute what is sometimes referred to as ‘‘revenue sharing.''
Compensation received by a financial intermediary from a Fund, the Manager or an affiliate of the Manager may include payments for marketing and/or training expenses incurred by the financial intermediary, including expenses incurred by the financial intermediary in educating (itself and) its salespersons with respect to Fund shares. For example, such compensation may include reimbursements for expenses incurred in attending educational seminars regarding the Funds, including travel and lodging expenses. It may also cover costs incurred by financial intermediaries in connection with their efforts to sell Fund shares, including costs incurred compensating (registered) sales representatives and preparing, printing and distributing sales literature.
Any compensation received by a financial intermediary, whether from the Funds or the Manager and/or its affiliates, and the prospect of receiving it may provide the financial intermediary with an incentive to recommend the shares of the Funds, or a certain class of shares of the Funds, over other potential investments. Similarly, the compensation may cause financial intermediaries to elevate the prominence of the Funds within its organization by, for example, placing it on a list of preferred funds. You can contact your financial intermediary for details about any such payments it receives from the Manager or the Funds, or any other fees, expenses, or commissions your financial intermediary may charge you in addition to those disclosed in this Prospectus.
The Funds will not make any of the payments described in this section with respect to its R6 Class shares. In addition, neither the Manager nor its affiliates will make revenue sharing payments with respect to R6 Class shares of the Funds.
46 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
General Policies
If a shareholder's account balance falls below the following minimum levels, the shareholder may be asked to increase the balance.
Share Class |
Account Balance |
C |
$ 1,000 |
A |
$ 2,500 |
Investor |
$ 2,500 |
Y |
$25,000 |
Institutional |
$75,000 |
R6 |
$2,500,000 |
If the account balance remains below the applicable minimum account balance after 45 days, each Fund reserves the right to close the account and send the proceeds to the shareholder. Each Fund reserves the authority to modify minimum account balances in its discretion.
A Signature Validation Program (‘‘SVP'') stamp may be required in order to change an account's registration or banking instructions. You may obtain a SVP stamp at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions, but not from a notary public. The SVP stamp is analogous to the STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantee in that it is provided at similar institutions. However, it is used only for non-financial transactions.
The following policies apply to instructions you may provide to the Funds by telephone:
The Funds, their officers, trustees, employees, or agents are not responsible for the authenticity of instructions provided by telephone, nor for any loss, liability, cost or expense incurred for acting on them.
The Funds employ procedures reasonably designed to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine.
Due to the volume of calls or other unusual circumstances, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement during certain time periods.
Each Fund reserves the right to:
liquidate a shareholder's account at the current day's NAV and remit proceeds via check if the Funds or a financial institution are unable to verify the shareholder's identity within three business days of account opening,
seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by a Fund if payment for the purchase of Fund shares by check does not clear the shareholder's bank, and
reject a purchase order and seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by a Fund if funds are not received by the applicable wire deadline.
A shareholder will not be required to pay a CDSC when the registration for A Class or C Class shares is transferred to the name of another person or entity. The transfer may occur by absolute assignment, gift or bequest, as long as it does not involve, directly or indirectly, a public sale of the shares. When A Class or C Class shares are transferred, any applicable CDSC will continue to apply to the transferred shares and will be calculated as if the transferee had acquired the shares in the same manner and at the same time as the transferring shareholder.
Escheatment
Please be advised that certain state escheatment laws may require a Fund to turn over your mutual fund account to the state listed in your account registration as abandoned property unless you contact the Funds. Many states have added ‘‘inactivity'' or the absence of customer initiated contact as a component of their rules and guidelines for the escheatment of unclaimed property. These states consider property to be abandoned when there is no shareholder initiated activity on an account for at least three (3) to five (5) years.
Depending on the laws in your jurisdiction, customer initiated contact might be achieved by one of the following methods:
Send a letter to American Beacon Funds via the United States Post Office,
Speak to a Customer Service Representative on the phone after you go through a security verification process. For residents of certain states, contact cannot be made by phone but must be in writing or through the Funds' secure web application.
Access your account through the Funds' secure web application,
Cashing checks that are received and are made payable to the owner of the account.
The Funds, the Manager, and the Transfer Agent will not be liable to shareholders or their representatives for good faith compliance with escheatment laws. To learn more about the escheatment rules for your particular state, please contact your attorney or State Treasurer's and/or Controller's Offices. If you do not hold your shares directly with a Fund, you should contact your broker-dealer, retirement plan, or other third party, intermediary regarding applicable state escheatment laws.
Contact information:
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
1-800-658-5811
www.americanbeaconfunds.com
Frequent Trading and Market Timing
Frequent trading by Fund shareholders poses risks to other shareholders in that Fund, including (i) the dilution of a Fund's NAV, (ii) an increase in a Fund's expenses, and (iii) interference with the portfolio manager's ability to execute efficient investment strategies. Frequent, short-term trading of Fund shares in an attempt to profit from day-to-day fluctuations in a Fund's NAV is known as market timing.
The Funds' Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures intended to discourage frequent trading and market timing.
Shareholders may transact up to one ''round trip'' in a Fund in any rolling 90-day period. A ''round trip'' is defined as two transactions, each in an opposite direction. A round trip may involve either (i) a purchase or exchange into a Fund followed by a redemption or exchange out of a Fund or (ii) a redemption or exchange out of a Fund followed by a purchase or exchange into a Fund. If the Manager detects that a shareholder has exceeded one round trip in a Fund in
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
47 |
any rolling 90-day period, the Manager, without prior notice to the shareholder, may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases of that Fund. In general, each Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, terminate the exchange privilege, or liquidate the account of any shareholder that the Manager determines has engaged in frequent trading or market timing, regardless of whether the shareholder's activity violates any policy stated in this Prospectus. Additionally, the Manager may in its discretion, reject any purchase or exchange into the Fund from any individual investor, institutional investor, or group whose trading activity could disrupt the management of a Fund or dilute the value of the Fund's shares, including collective trading (e.g., following the advice of an investment newsletter). Such investors may be barred from future purchases of American Beacon Funds.
The round-trip limit does not apply to the following transaction types:
shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and other distributions;
systematic purchases and redemptions; shares redeemed to return excess IRA contributions; or
certain transactions made within a retirement or employee benefit plan, such as payroll contributions, minimum required distributions, loans, and hardship withdrawals, or other transactions that are initiated by a party other than the plan participant.
Financial intermediaries that offer Fund shares, such as broker-dealers, third party administrators of retirement plans, and trust companies, will be asked to enforce the Funds' policies to discourage frequent trading and market timing by investors. However, certain intermediaries that offer Fund shares have informed the Funds that they are currently unable to enforce the Funds' policies on an automated basis. In those instances, the Manager will monitor trading activity of the intermediary in an attempt to detect patterns of activity that indicate frequent trading or market timing by underlying investors. In some cases, intermediaries that offer Fund shares have their own policies to deter frequent trading and market timing that differ from the Funds' policies. A Fund may defer to an intermediary's policies. For more information, please contact the financial intermediary through which you invest in the Funds.
The Manager monitors trading activity in the Funds to attempt to identify shareholders engaged in frequent trading or market timing. The Manager may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time. The ability of the Manager to detect frequent trading and market timing activity by investors who own shares through an intermediary is dependent upon the intermediary's provision of information necessary to identify transactions by the underlying investors. The Funds have entered into agreements with the intermediaries that service the Funds' investors, pursuant to which the intermediaries agree to provide information on investor transactions to the Funds and to act on the Funds' instructions to restrict transactions by investors who the Manager has identified as having violated the Funds' policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing.
Wrap programs offered by certain intermediaries may be designated ‘‘Qualified Wrap Programs'' by a Fund based on specific criteria established by the Funds and a certification by the intermediary that the criteria have been met. A Qualified Wrap Program is a wrap program whose sponsoring intermediary: (i) certifies that it has investment discretion over $50 million or more in client assets invested in mutual funds at the time of the certification, (ii) certifies that it directs transactions in accounts participating in the wrap program(s) in concert with changes in a model portfolio; (iii) provides the Manager a description of the wrap program(s); and (iv) managed by an intermediary that agrees to provide the Manager sufficient information to identify individual accounts in the intermediary's wrap program(s). For purposes of applying the round-trip limit, transactions initiated by clients invested in a Qualified Wrap Program will not be matched to transactions initiated by the intermediary sponsoring the Qualified Wrap Program. For example, a client's purchase of a Fund followed within 90 days by the intermediary's redemption of the same Fund would not be considered a round trip. However, transactions initiated by a Qualified Wrap Program client are subject to the round-trip limit and will be matched to determine if the client has exceeded the round-trip limit. In addition, the Manager will monitor transactions initiated by Qualified Wrap Program intermediaries to determine whether any intermediary has engaged in frequent trading or market timing. If the Manager determines that an intermediary has engaged in activity that is harmful to a Fund, the Manager will revoke the intermediary's Qualified Wrap Program status. Upon termination of status as a Qualified Wrap Program, all account transactions will be matched for purposes of testing compliance with the Fund's frequent trading and market timing policies, including any applicable redemption fees.
Each Fund reserves the right to modify the frequent trading and market timing policies and procedures and grant or eliminate waivers to such policies and procedures at any time without advance notice to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Funds' policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing will have the intended effect nor that the Manager will be able to detect frequent trading and market timing.
Distributions and Taxes
Each Fund distributes most or all of its net earnings and realized gains, if any, each year in the form of dividends from net investment income ("dividends") and distributions of realized net capital gains ("capital gain distributions") and net gains from foreign currency transactions (sometimes referred to below collectively as "other distributions") (and dividends and other distributions are sometimes referred to below collectively as "distributions"). Different tax treatment applies to different types of distributions (as described in the table below).
No Fund has a fixed dividend rate or guarantees that it will pay any distributions in any particular period. Distributions paid by each Fund with respect to each class of shares are calculated in the same manner and at the same time, but dividends on different classes of shares may be different as a result of the services and/or fees applicable to certain classes of shares. Distributions are paid as follows:
American Beacon Fund |
Dividends Paid |
Other Distributions Paid |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
Annually |
Annually |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
Annually |
Annually |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
Annually |
Annually |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
Annually |
Annually |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
Annually |
Annually |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
Annually |
Annually |
Options for Receiving Dividends and Other Distributions
When you open your Fund account, you can specify on your application how you want to receive distributions. To change that option, you must notify the transfer agent. Unless you instruct otherwise in your account application, distributions payable to you will be reinvested in additional shares of the distributing class of that Fund. There are four payment options available:
Reinvest All Distributions. You can elect to reinvest all distributions by a Fund in additional shares of the distributing class of that Fund.
Reinvest Only Some Distributions. You can elect to reinvest some types of distributions by a Fund in additional shares of the distributing class of that Fund while receiving the other types of distributions by that Fund by check or having them sent directly to your bank account by ACH ("in cash").
48 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
Receive All Distributions in Cash. You can elect to receive all distributions in cash.
Reinvest Your Distributions in another American Beacon Fund. You can reinvest all of your distributions by a Fund on a particular class of shares in shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund that is available for exchanges. You must have an existing account in the same share class of the selected fund.
If you invest directly with the Funds, any election to receive distributions payable by check will only apply to distributions totaling $10.00 or more. Any distribution by a Fund totaling less than $10.00 will be reinvested in shares of the distributing class of that Fund and will not be paid to you by check. This policy does not apply to you if you have elected to receive distributions that are paid in cash.
If you elect to receive a distribution by check and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if your check remains uncashed for at least six months, each Fund reserves the right to reinvest the amount of your check, and to reinvest all subsequent distributions in shares of the distributing class of that Fund at the NAV per share on the day of the reinvestment. Interest will not accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution or redemption checks.
Shareholders investing in a Fund through a financial intermediary should discuss their options for receiving distributions with the intermediary.
Taxes
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders other than tax-qualified retirement accounts and other tax-exempt investors. However, the portion of the Fund's dividends derived from its investments in U.S. Government obligations, if any, is generally exempt from state and local income taxes. The following table outlines the typical status of transactions in taxable accounts:
Type of Transaction |
Federal Tax Status |
Dividends from net investment income * |
Ordinary income ** |
Distributions of the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss * |
Ordinary income |
Distributions of net gains from certain foreign currency transactions * |
Ordinary income |
Distributions of the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss ("net capital gain'') * |
Long-term capital gains |
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for more than one year |
Long-term capital gains or losses |
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for one year or less |
Net gains are taxed at the same rate as ordinary income; net losses are subject to special rules |
* Whether reinvested or taken in cash.
** Except for dividends that are attributable to ‘‘qualified dividend income'' (as described below), if any.
To the extent distributions are attributable to net capital gain that a Fund recognizes, they are subject to a 15% maximum federal income tax rate for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an ‘‘individual'') (20% for individuals with taxable income exceeding certain thresholds, which are indexed for inflation annually), regardless of how long the shareholder held his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the dividends a Fund pays to individuals may be ‘‘qualified dividend income'' (‘‘QDI'') and thus eligible for the preferential rates mentioned above that apply to net capital gain. QDI is the aggregate of dividends a Fund receives on shares of most domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations with respect to which the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other restrictions. To be eligible for those rates, a shareholder must meet similar restrictions with respect to his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the distributions a Fund pays may also be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations ("DRD"), subject to similar holding period and other restrictions, but the eligible portion may not exceed the aggregate dividends a Fund receives from domestic corporations only. However, dividends that a corporate shareholder receives and deducts pursuant to the DRD may be subject indirectly to the federal alternative minimum tax. The Funds do not expect a substantial part of its dividends to qualify as QDI or be eligible for the DRD.
A shareholder may realize a taxable gain or loss when redeeming or exchanging shares. That gain or loss is treated as a short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending on how long the redeemed or exchanged shares were held. Any capital gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% and 20% rates mentioned above.
A shareholder who wants to use an acceptable basis determination method with respect to Fund shares he or she acquired or acquires after December 31, 2011 ("Covered Shares") other than the average basis method (each Fund's default method), must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. A Fund, or its administrative agent, must report to the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for dispositions of Covered Shares. See "Tax Information" in the SAI for a description of the rules regarding that election and each Fund's reporting obligation.
An individual must pay a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the individual's ‘‘net investment income,'' which generally includes distributions a Fund pays and net gains realized on the redemption or exchange of Fund shares, or (2) the excess of the individual's ‘‘modified adjusted gross income'' over a threshold amount ($250,000 for married persons filing jointly and $200,000 for single taxpayers). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. A similar tax applies to estates and trusts. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, this tax may have on their investment in Fund shares.
Each year, each Fund's shareholders will receive tax information to assist them in preparing their income tax returns.
The foregoing is only a summary of some of the important federal income tax considerations that may affect Fund shareholders, who should consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to the effect of federal, state, and local income taxes on an investment in a Fund.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
49 |
Additional Information
The Funds' Board of Trustees oversees generally the operations of the Funds. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others, the Funds' manager, sub-advisor(s), custodian, transfer agent, and accountants, who provide services to the Funds. Shareholders are not parties to any such contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any shareholder any right to enforce them directly against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them directly against the service providers.
This Prospectus provides information concerning the Funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase Fund shares. Neither this Prospectus nor the Statement of Additional Information is intended, or should be read, to be or create an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Funds and any investor, or to create any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived. Nothing in this Prospectus, the Statement of Additional Information or the Funds' reports to shareholders is intended to provide investment advice and should not be construed as investment advice.
Distribution and Service Plans
The Funds have adopted separate Distribution Plans for its A Class and C Class shares in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which allows the A Class and C Class shares to pay distribution and other fees for the sale of Fund shares and for other services provided to shareholders. Each Plan also authorizes the use of any fees received by the Manager in accordance with the Management Agreement, and any fees received by the sub-advisors pursuant to their Investment Advisory Agreements with the Manager, to be used for the sale and distribution of Fund shares. The Plans provide that the A Class shares of a Fund will pay up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to the A Class and the C Class shares of a Fund will pay up to 1.00% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to the C Class, to the Manager (or another entity approved by the Board).
The Funds have also adopted a shareholder services plan for their A Class, C Class and Investor Class shares for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. The shareholder services plan authorizes annual payment of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to the A Class shares, up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to the C Class shares and up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares. A Fund may also make annual payments of up to 0.10% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Y Class and Institutional Class shares of a Fund for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class and Institutional Class shares of a Fund. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, Investor Class and Institutional Class assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment.
R6 Class shares of the Fund are not subject to a distribution plan or a shareholder service plan.
Portfolio Holdings
A complete list of the holdings for the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund is made available on the Funds' website on a monthly basis approximately twenty days after the end of each month and remains available for six months thereafter. A complete list of holdings for the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund and American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund is made available on the Funds' website on a quarterly basis approximately sixty days after the end of each calendar quarter and remains available for six months thereafter.
A list of each Fund's ten largest holdings is made available on the Funds' website on a quarterly basis. The ten largest holdings of the Funds are generally posted to the website approximately fifteen days after the end of each calendar quarter and remain available until the next quarter. To access the holdings information, go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com. A Fund's ten largest holdings may also be accessed by selecting a particular Fund's fact sheet.
A description of the Funds' policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of portfolio holdings is available in the Funds' SAI, which you may access on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com or call 1-800-658-5811 to request a free copy.
Delivery of Documents
If you are interested in electronic delivery of the Funds' summary prospectuses and shareholder reports, please go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com and click on ‘‘Resource Center'' and then ‘‘Register for E-Delivery.''
To reduce expenses, your financial institution may mail only one copy of the summary prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please contact your financial institution. Delivery of individual copies will commence thirty days after receiving your request.
Financial Highlights
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund's financial performance for the period of that Fund's operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in each Fund's table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in that Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and other distributions).
For the periods commencing prior to February 5, 2016, the financial highlights for Institutional Class shares of the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund shown below represent the financial history of the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund's predecessor fund, Bridgeway Large-Cap Growth Fund a series of Bridgeway Funds, Inc., which were acquired by the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund in a reorganization on February 5, 2016. Regarding the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, the information for the fiscal periods ended June 30, 2012, June 30, 2013, June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2015, have been audited by the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm.
The information in the financial highlights has been derived from the Funds' financial statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, whose report, along with the Funds' financial statements, is included in the Funds' Annual Report, which you may obtain upon request.
Information is not provided for R6 Class shares of American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund because that share class had not commenced operations prior to the date of this Prospectus.
50 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Institutional Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
July 15 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.17 |
|
$10.71 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income |
0.03 |
|
0.08 |
|
0.02 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
2.60 |
|
(0.39 |
) |
0.71 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
2.63 |
|
(0.31 |
) |
0.73 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.01 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.23 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$12.77 |
|
$10.17 |
|
$10.71 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
25.88 |
% |
(2.96 |
%) |
7.28 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$7,563,970 |
|
$3,231,461 |
|
$3,102,721 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
1.85 |
% |
3.04 |
% |
8.98 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
0.98 |
% |
0.98 |
% |
0.98 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(0.30 |
%) |
(1.33 |
%) |
(7.51 |
%) D |
||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements |
0.57 |
% |
0.72 |
% |
0.49 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
23 |
% |
54 |
% |
12 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 15, 2014 to December 31, 2014, and is not annualized. |
F |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
51 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
July 15 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.16 |
|
$10.71 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income |
0.04 |
|
0.06 |
|
0.01 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
2.58 |
|
(0.38 |
) |
0.72 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
2.62 |
|
(0.32 |
) |
0.73 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.01 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.23 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$12.75 |
|
$10.16 |
|
$10.71 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
25.80 |
% |
(3.05 |
%) |
7.28 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$6,856,954 |
|
$2,711,465 |
|
$387,622 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
1.98 |
% |
2.76 |
% |
11.71 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
1.08 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
1.08 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(0.43 |
%) |
(0.98 |
%) |
(10.06 |
%) D |
||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements |
0.47 |
% |
0.70 |
% |
0.57 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
23 |
% |
54 |
% |
12 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 15, 2014 to December 31, 2014, and is not annualized. |
F |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
52 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
July 15 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.12 |
|
$10.69 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income |
0.03 |
|
0.05 |
|
0.01 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
2.53 |
|
(0.39 |
) |
0.70 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
2.56 |
|
(0.34 |
) |
0.71 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.01 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.23 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$12.65 |
|
$10.12 |
|
$10.69 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
25.31 |
% |
(3.25 |
%) |
7.08 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$3,595,277 |
|
$498,128 |
|
$239,138 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
2.09 |
% |
3.19 |
% |
12.62 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
1.36 |
% |
1.36 |
% |
1.36 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(0.51 |
%) |
(1.47 |
%) |
(11.12 |
%) D |
||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements |
0.23 |
% |
0.35 |
% |
0.14 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
23 |
% |
54 |
% |
12 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 15, 2014 to December 31, 2014, and is not annualized. |
F |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
53 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
A Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
July 15 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.11 |
|
$10.69 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment income |
0.04 |
|
0.03 |
|
0.00 |
|
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
2.52 |
|
(0.38 |
) |
0.71 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
2.56 |
|
(0.35 |
) |
0.71 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.01 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
(0.03 |
) |
(0.23 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$12.64 |
|
$10.11 |
|
$10.69 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
25.34 |
% |
(3.34 |
%) |
7.08 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$2,321,426 |
|
$454,614 |
|
$163,704 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
2.18 |
% |
2.88 |
% |
13.84 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
1.38 |
% |
1.38 |
% |
1.38 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(0.61 |
%) |
(1.08 |
%) |
(12.35 |
%) D |
||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements |
0.18 |
% |
0.41 |
% |
0.10 |
% D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
23 |
% |
54 |
% |
12 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 15, 2014 to December 31, 2014, and is not annualized. |
F |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
54 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
C Class |
|||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
July 15 A to December 31, |
||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
|||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$10.00 |
|
$10.65 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net investment (loss) |
(0.05 |
) |
(0.01 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
2.49 |
|
(0.41 |
) |
0.69 |
|
||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
2.44 |
|
(0.42 |
) |
0.67 |
|
||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||||
Distributions from return of capital |
– |
|
(0.01 |
) F |
– |
|
||||||
Total distributions |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.23 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$12.42 |
|
$10.00 |
|
$10.65 |
|
||||||
Total return B |
24.35 |
% |
(4.01 |
%) |
6.68 |
% C |
||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$412,390 |
|
$308,822 |
|
$142,469 |
|
||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
3.09 |
% |
3.84 |
% |
13.72 |
% D |
||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
2.13 |
% |
2.13 |
% |
2.13 |
% D |
||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements |
(1.56 |
%) |
(2.09 |
%) |
(12.23 |
%) D |
||||||
Net investment (loss), net of reimbursements |
(0.60 |
%) |
(0.38 |
%) |
(0.64 |
%) D |
||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
23 |
% |
54 |
% |
12 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 15, 2014 to December 31, 2014, and is not annualized. |
F |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
55 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Institutional Class E |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Six Months Ended December 31, |
Year Ended June 30, |
||||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.77 |
|
$23.71 |
|
$20.51 |
|
$16.18 |
|
$13.33 |
|
$13.38 |
|
||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income |
0.04 |
|
0.07 |
|
0.17 |
D |
0.13 |
D |
0.16 |
D |
0.09 |
D |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.82 |
|
(0.90 |
) |
3.14 |
|
4.29 |
|
2.88 |
|
(0.05 |
) |
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.86 |
|
(0.83 |
) |
3.31 |
|
4.42 |
|
3.04 |
|
0.04 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.16 |
) |
(0.11 |
) |
(0.11 |
) |
(0.09 |
) |
(0.19 |
) |
(0.09 |
) |
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.16 |
) |
(0.11 |
) |
(0.11 |
) |
(0.09 |
) |
(0.19 |
) |
(0.09 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.47 |
|
$22.77 |
|
$23.71 |
|
$20.51 |
|
$16.18 |
|
$13.33 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return A |
8.15 |
% B |
(3.52 |
%) |
16.19 |
% |
27.41 |
% F |
23.06 |
% F |
0.37 |
% F |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$133,638,400 |
|
$136,460,611 |
|
$156,493,513 |
|
$56,343,594 |
|
$47,966,566 |
|
$48,443,515 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.02 |
% C |
0.89 |
% |
0.81 |
% |
0.87 |
% |
0.90 |
% |
0.92 |
% |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.81 |
% C |
0.83 |
% |
0.81 |
% |
0.84 |
% |
0.84 |
% |
0.84 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income, before reimbursements or recoupments |
0.12 |
% C |
0.30 |
% |
0.75 |
% |
0.70 |
% |
1.10 |
% |
0.74 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.33 |
% C |
0.35 |
% |
0.75 |
% |
0.70 |
% |
1.10 |
% |
0.74 |
% |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% B |
100 |
% |
48 |
% |
74 |
% |
49 |
% |
55 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
Per share amounts calculated based on the average daily shares outstanding during the period. |
E |
Prior to the reorganization on February 5, 2016, the Institutional Class was known as Class N. |
F |
Total return would have been lower had various fees not been waived during the period. |
56 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
Six Months Ended December 31, 2016 |
February 5 C to June 30, 2016 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.77 |
|
$20.46 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment income (loss) |
0.03 |
|
0.03 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.81 |
|
2.28 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.84 |
|
2.31 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
– |
|
||||
Total distributions |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.45 |
|
$22.77 |
|
||||
Total return A |
8.06 |
% B |
11.29 |
% B |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$669,530 |
|
$401,220 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.09 |
% D |
4.00 |
% D |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.91 |
% D |
0.91 |
% D |
||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
0.11 |
% D |
(2.69 |
%) D |
||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.28 |
% D |
0.40 |
% D |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% B |
100 |
% E |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Commencement of Operations |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from February 5, 2016 to June 30, 2016. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
57 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
Six Months Ended December 31, 2016 |
February 5 C to June 30, 2016 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.74 |
|
$20.46 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.01 |
) |
0.01 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.81 |
|
2.27 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.80 |
|
2.28 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
– |
|
||||
Total distributions |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.38 |
|
$22.74 |
|
||||
Total return A |
7.90 |
% B |
11.14 |
% B |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$399,798 |
|
$133,696 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.55 |
% D |
8.43 |
% D |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.19 |
% D |
1.18 |
% D |
||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.35 |
%) D |
(7.08 |
%) D |
||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.02 |
% D |
0.17 |
% D |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% B |
100 |
% E |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Commencement of Operations |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from February 5, 2016 to June 30, 2016. |
58 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
A Class |
|||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
Six Months Ended December 31, 2016 |
February 5 C to June 30, 2016 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.74 |
|
$20.46 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment (loss) |
0.00 |
|
0.00 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.81 |
|
2.28 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.81 |
|
2.28 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
– |
|
||||
Total distributions |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.39 |
|
$22.74 |
|
||||
Total return A |
7.94 |
% B |
11.14 |
% B |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$135,710 |
|
$159,744 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.43 |
% D |
5.25 |
% D |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.21 |
% D |
1.21 |
% D |
||||
Net investment (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.26 |
%) D |
(4.01 |
%) D |
||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.05 |
%) D |
0.02 |
% D |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% B |
100 |
% E |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Commencement of Operations |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from February 5, 2016 to June 30, 2016. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
59 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
C Class |
|||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
Six Months Ended December 31, 2016 |
February 5 C to June 30, 2016 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.67 |
|
$20.46 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment (loss) |
(0.13 |
) |
(0.04 |
) |
||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.84 |
|
2.25 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.71 |
|
2.21 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
– |
|
– |
|
||||
Total distributions |
(0.16 |
) |
– |
|
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.22 |
|
$22.67 |
|
||||
Total return A |
7.52 |
% B |
10.80 |
% B |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$175,907 |
|
$244,146 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
2.18 |
% D |
7.33 |
% D |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.96 |
% D |
1.96 |
% D |
||||
Net investment (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.04 |
%) D |
(5.98 |
%) D |
||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.81 |
%) D |
(0.62 |
%) D |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% B |
100 |
% E |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Commencement of Operations |
D |
Annualized |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from February 5, 2016 to June 30, 2016. |
60 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Institutional Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Six Months Ended Dec. 31, |
Year Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.75 |
|
$23.89 |
|
$21.39 |
|
$15.85 |
|
$14.80 |
|
$14.62 |
|
||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income |
0.38 |
|
0.28 |
|
0.10 |
|
0.11 |
|
0.20 |
|
0.24 |
|
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
3.32 |
|
(0.58 |
) |
2.94 |
|
5.87 |
|
1.14 |
|
0.12 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
3.70 |
|
(0.30 |
) |
3.04 |
|
5.98 |
|
1.34 |
|
0.36 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.35 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
(0.17 |
) |
(0.11 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
(0.18 |
) |
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.55 |
) |
(0.37 |
) |
(0.33 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital D |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.37 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
(0.54 |
) |
(0.44 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
(0.18 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$26.08 |
|
$22.75 |
|
$23.89 |
|
$21.39 |
|
$15.85 |
|
$14.80 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return A |
16.24 |
% |
(1.23 |
%) |
14.18 |
% |
37.77 |
% |
9.04 |
% B |
2.60 |
% |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$1,185,013,905 |
|
$682,849,171 |
|
$313,660,568 |
|
$79,889,063 |
|
$26,669,248 |
|
$26,949,818 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
0.73 |
% |
0.75 |
% |
0.79 |
% |
1.01 |
% |
1.73 |
% C |
1.30 |
% |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.73 |
% |
0.79 |
% |
0.84 |
% |
0.84 |
% |
0.84 |
% C |
0.82 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.69 |
% |
1.61 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
0.98 |
% |
1.38 |
% C |
1.17 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.69 |
% |
1.57 |
% |
1.04 |
% |
1.16 |
% |
2.27 |
% C |
1.66 |
% |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
56 |
% |
43 |
% |
31 |
% |
38 |
% |
21 |
% |
36 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
61 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Six Months Ended Dec. 31, |
February 3 D to June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.69 |
|
$23.84 |
|
$21.35 |
|
$15.84 |
|
$14.80 |
|
$14.46 |
|
||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
0.32 |
|
0.27 |
|
0.13 |
|
0.22 |
|
0.07 |
|
0.09 |
|
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
3.35 |
|
(0.57 |
) |
2.90 |
|
5.72 |
|
1.26 |
|
0.25 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
3.67 |
|
(0.30 |
) |
3.03 |
|
5.94 |
|
1.33 |
|
0.34 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.33 |
) |
(0.30 |
) |
(0.17 |
) |
(0.10 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.55 |
) |
(0.37 |
) |
(0.33 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital F |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.35 |
) |
(0.85 |
) |
(0.54 |
) |
(0.43 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$26.01 |
|
$22.69 |
|
$23.84 |
|
$21.35 |
|
$15.84 |
|
$14.80 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return A |
16.17 |
% |
(1.26 |
%) |
14.15 |
% |
37.55 |
% |
8.98 |
% B |
2.35 |
% B |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$879,852,983 |
|
$414,585,125 |
|
$119,162,044 |
|
$19,913,753 |
|
$36,331 |
|
$5,118 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
0.80 |
% |
0.81 |
% |
0.84 |
% |
0.93 |
% |
3.75 |
% C |
144.38 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.80 |
% |
0.81 |
% |
0.85 |
% |
0.94 |
% |
0.93 |
% C |
0.94 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.63 |
% |
1.55 |
% |
1.03 |
% |
1.07 |
% |
(0.51 |
%) C |
(141.90 |
%) C |
||||||||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.63 |
% |
1.55 |
% |
1.03 |
% |
1.06 |
% |
2.31 |
% C |
1.54 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
56 |
% |
43 |
% |
31 |
% |
38 |
% |
21 |
% |
36 |
% E |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
Commencement of operations. |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012. |
F |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
62 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Six Months Ended Dec. 31, |
February 3 A to June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.64 |
|
$23.77 |
|
$21.28 |
|
$15.81 |
|
$14.78 |
|
$14.46 |
|
||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income |
0.27 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.14 |
|
0.21 |
|
0.12 |
|
0.03 |
|
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
3.31 |
|
(0.61 |
) |
2.82 |
|
5.68 |
|
1.19 |
|
0.29 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
3.58 |
|
(0.36 |
) |
2.96 |
|
5.89 |
|
1.31 |
|
0.32 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.27 |
) |
(0.22 |
) |
(0.10 |
) |
(0.09 |
) |
(0.28 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.55 |
) |
(0.37 |
) |
(0.33 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital F |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.29 |
) |
(0.77 |
) |
(0.47 |
) |
(0.42 |
) |
(0.28 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$25.93 |
|
$22.64 |
|
$23.77 |
|
$21.28 |
|
$15.81 |
|
$14.78 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
15.81 |
% |
(1.51 |
%) |
13.89 |
% |
37.28 |
% |
8.84 |
% C |
2.21 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$1,583,853,257 |
|
$977,719,149 |
|
$668,659,150 |
|
$274,133,476 |
|
$488,810 |
|
$215,000 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.08 |
% |
1.09 |
% |
1.11 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
2.26 |
% D |
18.30 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.08 |
% |
1.09 |
% |
1.11 |
% |
1.09 |
% |
1.21 |
% D |
1.22 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.35 |
% |
1.28 |
% |
0.76 |
% |
0.95 |
% |
1.00 |
% D |
(15.48 |
%) D |
||||||||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.35 |
% |
1.28 |
% |
0.76 |
% |
0.94 |
% |
2.05 |
% D |
1.59 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
56 |
% |
43 |
% |
31 |
% |
38 |
% |
21 |
% C |
36 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012. |
F |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
63 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
A Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Six Months Ended Dec. 31, |
February 3 A to June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.53 |
|
$23.66 |
|
$21.22 |
|
$15.78 |
|
$14.77 |
|
$14.46 |
|
||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income |
0.32 |
|
0.27 |
|
0.09 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.15 |
|
0.01 |
|
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
3.24 |
|
(0.64 |
) |
2.84 |
|
5.64 |
|
1.15 |
|
0.30 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
3.56 |
|
(0.37 |
) |
2.93 |
|
5.83 |
|
1.30 |
|
0.31 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.25 |
) |
(0.21 |
) |
(0.12 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.55 |
) |
(0.37 |
) |
(0.33 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital F |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.27 |
) |
(0.76 |
) |
(0.49 |
) |
(0.39 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$25.82 |
|
$22.53 |
|
$23.66 |
|
$21.22 |
|
$15.78 |
|
$14.77 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
15.79 |
% |
(1.56 |
%) |
13.76 |
% |
37.01 |
% |
8.78 |
% C |
2.14 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$152,520,884 |
|
$147,394,607 |
|
$103,716,652 |
|
$31,300,069 |
|
$310,850 |
|
$275,860 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.12 |
% |
1.12 |
% |
1.19 |
% |
1.38 |
% |
2.21 |
% D |
15.39 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.12 |
% |
1.12 |
% |
1.21 |
% |
1.34 |
% |
1.33 |
% D |
1.34 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.31 |
% |
1.25 |
% |
0.69 |
% |
0.61 |
% |
0.90 |
% D |
(13.13 |
%) D |
||||||||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.31 |
% |
1.25 |
% |
0.67 |
% |
0.66 |
% |
1.78 |
% D |
0.92 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
56 |
% |
43 |
% |
31 |
% |
38 |
% |
21 |
% C |
36 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012. |
F |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
64 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
C Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Six Months Ended Dec. 31, |
February 3 A to June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$22.08 |
|
$23.27 |
|
$21.00 |
|
$15.70 |
|
$14.73 |
|
$14.46 |
|
||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income |
0.13 |
|
0.13 |
|
0.02 |
|
0.18 |
|
0.09 |
|
0.02 |
|
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments (both realized and unrealized) |
3.16 |
|
(0.66 |
) |
2.69 |
|
5.47 |
|
1.17 |
|
0.25 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
3.29 |
|
(0.53 |
) |
2.71 |
|
5.65 |
|
1.26 |
|
0.27 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.08 |
) |
(0.11 |
) |
(0.07 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.55 |
) |
(0.37 |
) |
(0.33 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital F |
– |
|
(0.00 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.10 |
) |
(0.66 |
) |
(0.44 |
) |
(0.35 |
) |
(0.29 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$25.27 |
|
$22.08 |
|
$23.27 |
|
$21.00 |
|
$15.70 |
|
$14.73 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
14.91 |
% |
(2.27 |
%) |
12.88 |
% |
36.02 |
% |
8.54 |
% C |
1.87 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$100,447,531 |
|
$84,411,378 |
|
$33,536,254 |
|
$2,346,463 |
|
$19,948 |
|
$14,147 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.86 |
% |
1.87 |
% |
1.92 |
% |
2.13 |
% |
6.81 |
% D |
64.88 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.86 |
% |
1.87 |
% |
1.94 |
% |
2.09 |
% |
1.77 |
% D |
2.09 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
0.57 |
% |
0.48 |
% |
(0.05 |
%) |
(0.13 |
%) |
(3.55 |
%) D |
(62.47 |
%) D |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.57 |
% |
0.48 |
% |
(0.08 |
%) |
(0.08 |
%) |
1.49 |
% D |
0.32 |
% D |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
56 |
% |
43 |
% |
31 |
% |
38 |
% |
21 |
% C |
36 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012. |
F |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. Amounts are less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
65 |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Institutional Class |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$24.80 |
|
$25.88 |
|
$26.57 |
|
$21.60 |
|
$20.30 |
|
||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net investment income |
0.02 |
|
0.06 |
|
0.03 |
|
0.02 |
|
0.09 |
|
||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.56 |
|
1.67 |
|
1.94 |
|
7.02 |
|
2.47 |
|
||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.58 |
|
1.73 |
|
1.97 |
|
7.04 |
|
2.56 |
|
||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.01 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.18 |
) |
||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.07 |
) |
(1.26 |
) |
||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.74 |
|
$24.80 |
|
$25.88 |
|
$26.57 |
|
$21.60 |
|
||||||||||
Total return A |
2.29 |
% |
6.70 |
% |
7.31 |
% |
32.73 |
% |
12.57 |
% |
||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$25,818,864 |
|
$18,600,679 |
|
$18,102,557 |
|
$16,292,016 |
|
$1,619,305 |
|
||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
0.88 |
% |
0.88 |
% |
0.89 |
% |
0.86 |
% |
1.32 |
% |
||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.88 |
% |
0.89 |
% |
0.89 |
% |
0.89 |
% |
0.96 |
% |
||||||||||
Net investment income, before expense reimbursements or recoupments |
0.25 |
% |
0.26 |
% |
0.14 |
% |
0.24 |
% |
0.07 |
% |
||||||||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.25 |
% |
0.25 |
% |
0.13 |
% |
0.21 |
% |
0.43 |
% |
||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
34 |
% |
24 |
% |
27 |
% |
29 |
% |
18 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
66 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
March 23 B to December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$24.66 |
|
$25.79 |
|
$26.53 |
|
$21.59 |
|
$23.00 |
|
||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
0.03 |
|
(0.02 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
0.02 |
|
0.09 |
|
||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.52 |
|
1.70 |
|
1.94 |
|
6.98 |
|
(0.26 |
) |
||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.55 |
|
1.68 |
|
1.92 |
|
7.00 |
|
(0.17 |
) |
||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
0.00 |
|
(0.06 |
) |
||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.18 |
) |
||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.24 |
) |
||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.57 |
|
$24.66 |
|
$25.79 |
|
$26.53 |
|
$21.59 |
|
||||||||||
Total return A |
2.18 |
% |
6.53 |
% |
7.13 |
% |
32.59 |
% |
(0.79 |
%) C |
||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$405,410 |
|
$333,682 |
|
$74,361 |
|
$78,575 |
|
$23,113 |
|
||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
0.98 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
1.11 |
% |
0.97 |
% |
10.18 |
% D |
||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.98 |
% |
1.02 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
0.99 |
% |
0.98 |
% D |
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before expense reimbursements or recoupments |
0.14 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
(0.10 |
%) |
0.15 |
% |
(8.77 |
%) D |
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
0.14 |
% |
0.06 |
% |
(0.06 |
%) |
0.12 |
% |
0.43 |
% D |
||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
34 |
% |
24 |
% |
27 |
% |
29 |
% |
18 |
% E |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Commencement of operations. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from March 23, 2012 to December 31, 2012, and is not annualized. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
67 |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$24.38 |
|
$25.57 |
|
$26.36 |
|
$21.52 |
|
$20.24 |
|
||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.05 |
) |
(0.02 |
) |
(0.04 |
) |
(0.05 |
) |
0.02 |
|
||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.52 |
|
1.64 |
|
1.91 |
|
6.95 |
|
2.45 |
|
||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.47 |
|
1.62 |
|
1.87 |
|
6.90 |
|
2.47 |
|
||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
0.00 |
|
(0.01 |
) |
||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.18 |
) |
||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.19 |
) |
||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$24.21 |
|
$24.38 |
|
$25.57 |
|
$26.36 |
|
$21.52 |
|
||||||||||
Total return A |
1.87 |
% |
6.35 |
% |
6.99 |
% |
32.21 |
% |
12.18 |
% |
||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$68,905,910 |
|
$78,921,674 |
|
$81,153,971 |
|
$77,426,294 |
|
$66,567,656 |
|
||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.26 |
% |
1.24 |
% |
1.15 |
% |
1.26 |
% |
1.44 |
% |
||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.26 |
% |
1.24 |
% |
1.21 |
% |
1.27 |
% |
1.29 |
% |
||||||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.14 |
%) |
(0.10 |
%) |
(0.13 |
%) |
(0.17 |
%) |
(0.08 |
%) |
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.14 |
%) |
(0.10 |
%) |
(0.19 |
%) |
(0.18 |
%) |
0.07 |
% |
||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
34 |
% |
24 |
% |
27 |
% |
29 |
% |
18 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
68 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
A Class |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$24.17 |
|
$25.39 |
|
$26.22 |
|
$21.43 |
|
$20.23 |
|
||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.04 |
) |
0.00 |
|
(0.08 |
) |
(0.03 |
) |
0.03 |
|
||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.50 |
|
1.59 |
|
1.91 |
|
6.88 |
|
2.41 |
|
||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.46 |
|
1.59 |
|
1.83 |
|
6.85 |
|
2.44 |
|
||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
0.00 |
|
(0.06 |
) |
||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.18 |
) |
||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.24 |
) |
||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$23.99 |
|
$24.17 |
|
$25.39 |
|
$26.22 |
|
$21.43 |
|
||||||||||
Total return A |
1.85 |
% |
6.28 |
% |
6.88 |
% |
32.11 |
% |
11.99 |
% |
||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$1,327,798 |
|
$1,271,340 |
|
$1,011,971 |
|
$1,028,434 |
|
$466,796 |
|
||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
1.30 |
% |
1.29 |
% |
1.35 |
% |
1.40 |
% |
2.73 |
% |
||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
1.30 |
% |
1.29 |
% |
1.34 |
% |
1.39 |
% |
1.38 |
% |
||||||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.16 |
%) |
(0.15 |
%) |
(0.32 |
%) |
(0.28 |
%) |
(0.97 |
%) |
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.16 |
%) |
(0.15 |
%) |
(0.31 |
%) |
(0.27 |
%) |
0.37 |
% |
||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
34 |
% |
24 |
% |
27 |
% |
29 |
% |
18 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
69 |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
C Class |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
March 23 A to December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$23.30 |
|
$24.75 |
|
$25.82 |
|
$21.29 |
|
$22.90 |
|
||||||||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(1.04 |
) |
(0.04 |
) |
(0.36 |
) |
(0.17 |
) |
0.01 |
|
||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
1.31 |
|
1.40 |
|
1.95 |
|
6.76 |
|
(0.38 |
) |
||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.27 |
|
1.36 |
|
1.59 |
|
6.59 |
|
(0.37 |
) |
||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
0.00 |
|
(0.06 |
) |
||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.18 |
) |
||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.64 |
) |
(2.81 |
) |
(2.66 |
) |
(2.06 |
) |
(1.24 |
) |
||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$22.93 |
|
$23.30 |
|
$24.75 |
|
$25.82 |
|
$21.29 |
|
||||||||||
Total return B |
1.10 |
% |
5.51 |
% |
6.05 |
% |
31.10 |
% |
(1.65 |
%) C |
||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$341,842 |
|
$757,411 |
|
$592,178 |
|
$702,642 |
|
$281,415 |
|
||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments |
2.07 |
% |
2.05 |
% |
2.10 |
% |
2.15 |
% |
6.17 |
% D |
||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments |
2.04 |
% |
2.04 |
% |
2.09 |
% |
2.14 |
% |
2.12 |
% D |
||||||||||
Net investment (loss), before expense reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.95 |
%) |
(0.91 |
%) |
(1.07 |
%) |
(1.04 |
%) |
(3.85 |
%) D |
||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.92 |
%) |
(0.90 |
%) |
(1.07 |
%) |
(1.03 |
%) |
0.20 |
% D |
||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
34 |
% |
24 |
% |
27 |
% |
29 |
% |
18 |
% E |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not Annualized. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from March 23, 2012 to December 31, 2012, and is not annualized. |
70 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Institutional Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended December 31, |
Year Ended November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$18.11 |
|
$19.24 |
|
$19.76 |
|
$15.38 |
|
$15.24 |
|
$13.69 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.26 |
) |
(0.13 |
) |
(0.04 |
) |
(0.05 |
) |
0.02 |
|
– |
D |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.49 |
|
(0.11 |
) |
0.72 |
|
5.12 |
|
0.20 |
|
1.55 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.23 |
|
(0.24 |
) |
0.68 |
|
5.07 |
|
0.22 |
|
1.55 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.01 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.66 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital E |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.02 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.69 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$18.29 |
|
$18.11 |
|
$19.24 |
|
$19.76 |
|
$15.38 |
|
$15.24 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return A |
6.76 |
% |
1.23 |
% |
3.41 |
% |
33.14 |
% |
1.43 |
% B |
11.32 |
% |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$50,451,447 |
|
$76,666,136 |
|
$87,620,400 |
|
$63,235,775 |
|
$31,005,183 |
|
$30,503,408 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.09 |
% |
1.01 |
% |
1.05 |
% |
1.12 |
% |
1.31 |
% D |
1.28 |
% |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.00 |
% |
0.99 |
% |
1.00 |
% |
0.99 |
% |
0.99 |
% D |
1.03 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.60 |
%) |
(0.54 |
%) |
(0.53 |
%) |
(0.70 |
%) |
1.37 |
% D |
(0.62 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) , net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.51 |
%) |
(0.53 |
%) |
(0.48 |
%) |
(0.58 |
%) |
1.69 |
% D |
(0.37 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
22 |
% |
19 |
% |
37 |
% |
25 |
% |
1 |
% B |
27 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not annualized. |
C |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 4 due in part to security lending expenses. |
D |
For purposes of this calculation, the change in undistributed net investment income per share was derived by dividing the change in undistributed net investment income by average shares outstanding for the period. |
E |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
71 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Six Months Ended December 31, |
February 24 A to November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$18.06 |
|
$19.22 |
|
$19.76 |
|
$15.38 |
|
$15.23 |
|
$15.09 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.10 |
) |
(0.15 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
0.02 |
|
(0.03 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.31 |
|
(0.12 |
) |
0.72 |
|
5.15 |
|
0.21 |
|
0.17 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.21 |
|
(0.27 |
) |
0.66 |
|
5.07 |
|
0.23 |
|
0.14 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.01 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.68 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital G |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.69 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$18.22 |
|
$18.06 |
|
$19.22 |
|
$19.76 |
|
$15.38 |
|
$15.23 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
6.67 |
% |
(1.39 |
%) |
3.31 |
% |
33.14 |
% |
1.50 |
% C |
0.93 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$2,510,649 |
|
$2,479,918 |
|
$3,109,192 |
|
$1,672,420 |
|
$373,747 |
|
$222,277 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.12 |
% |
1.06 |
% |
1.10 |
% |
1.14 |
% |
1.53 |
% E |
3.85 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.12 |
% |
1.09 |
% |
1.10 |
% |
1.09 |
% |
1.09 |
% E |
1.09 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.63 |
%) |
(0.60 |
%) |
(0.57 |
%) |
(0.73 |
%) |
0.69 |
% E |
(3.09 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) , net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.63 |
%) |
(0.63 |
%) |
(0.58 |
%) |
(0.68 |
%) |
1.13 |
% E |
(0.33 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
22 |
% |
19 |
% |
37 |
% |
25 |
% |
1 |
% C |
27 |
% F |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not annualized. |
D |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 4 due in part to security lending expenses. |
E |
Annualized. |
F |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from December 1, 2011 through November 30, 2012. |
G |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
72 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended December 31, |
Year Ended November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$15.80 |
|
$16.97 |
|
$17.64 |
|
$13.83 |
|
$13.72 |
|
$12.36 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.27 |
) |
(0.32 |
) |
(0.36 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
0.02 |
|
(0.14 |
) E |
||||||||||||
Net gains from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.29 |
|
0.04 |
|
0.89 |
|
4.58 |
|
0.17 |
|
1.50 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.02 |
|
(0.28 |
) |
0.53 |
|
4.50 |
|
0.19 |
|
1.36 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.01 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.68 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital F |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) G |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.69 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$15.77 |
|
$15.80 |
|
$16.97 |
|
$17.64 |
|
$13.83 |
|
$13.72 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return A |
6.42 |
% |
(1.63 |
%) |
2.97 |
% |
32.71 |
% |
1.37 |
% |
11.00 |
% |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$13,078,292 |
|
$14,814,940 |
|
$19,551,562 |
|
$31,912,432 |
|
$18,584,733 |
|
$18,091,662 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.38 |
% |
1.32 |
% |
1.27 |
% |
1.38 |
% |
1.68 |
% D |
1.67 |
% |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.38 |
% |
1.35 |
% |
1.38 |
% |
1.37 |
% |
1.37 |
% D |
1.40 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.89 |
%) |
(0.85 |
%) |
(0.77 |
%) |
(0.98 |
%) |
0.94 |
% D |
(1.04 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) , net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.89 |
%) |
(0.89 |
%) |
(0.88 |
%) |
(0.97 |
%) |
1.26 |
% D |
(0.76 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
22 |
% |
19 |
% |
37 |
% |
25 |
% |
1 |
% B |
27 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not annualized. |
C |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 4 due in part to security lending expenses. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
For purposes of this calculation, the change in undistributed net investment income per share was derived by dividing the change in undistributed net investment income by average shares outstanding for the period. |
F |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
G |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
73 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
A Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended December 31, |
February 24 A to November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$15.77 |
|
$16.94 |
|
$17.61 |
|
$13.83 |
|
$13.72 |
|
$13.62 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.20 |
) |
(0.19 |
) |
(0.10 |
) |
0.02 |
|
(0.05 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.14 |
|
(0.08 |
) |
0.72 |
|
4.57 |
|
0.17 |
|
0.15 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.00 |
|
(0.28 |
) |
0.53 |
|
4.47 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.10 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.01 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.68 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital G |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.69 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$15.72 |
|
$15.77 |
|
$16.94 |
|
$17.61 |
|
$13.83 |
|
$13.72 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
6.30 |
% |
(1.63 |
%) |
2.97 |
% |
32.49 |
% |
1.37 |
% |
0.73 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$13,886,296 |
|
$13,907,563 |
|
$16,505,844 |
|
$18,395,962 |
|
$7,302,012 |
|
$7,062,772 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.42 |
% |
1.36 |
% |
1.45 |
% |
1.57 |
% |
1.81 |
% E |
1.83 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.41 |
% |
1.39 |
% |
1.45 |
% |
1.49 |
% |
1.49 |
% E |
1.49 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.92 |
%) |
(0.90 |
%) |
(0.94 |
%) |
(1.16 |
%) |
0.86 |
% E |
(1.04 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) , net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.92 |
%) |
(0.93 |
%) |
(0.94 |
%) |
(1.09 |
%) |
1.18 |
% E |
(0.70 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
22 |
% |
19 |
% |
37 |
% |
25 |
% |
1 |
% C |
27 |
% F |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not annualized. |
D |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 4 due in part to security lending expenses. |
E |
Annualized. |
F |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from December 1, 2011 through November 30, 2012. |
G |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
74 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
C Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended December 31, |
February 24 A to November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$15.28 |
|
$16.57 |
|
$17.38 |
|
$13.75 |
|
$13.63 |
|
$13.62 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.60 |
) |
(0.17 |
) |
(0.27 |
) |
(0.16 |
) |
0.02 |
|
(0.04 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.45 |
|
(0.23 |
) |
0.66 |
|
4.47 |
|
0.18 |
|
0.05 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.85 |
|
(0.40 |
) |
0.39 |
|
4.31 |
|
0.20 |
|
0.01 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.68 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital G |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.05 |
) |
(0.89 |
) |
(1.20 |
) |
(0.68 |
) |
(0.08 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$15.08 |
|
$15.28 |
|
$16.57 |
|
$17.38 |
|
$13.75 |
|
$13.63 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
5.52 |
% |
(2.39 |
%) |
2.21 |
% |
31.35 |
% |
1.45 |
% |
0.07 |
% C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$1,389,526 |
|
$2,123,334 |
|
$1,901,906 |
|
$1,625,535 |
|
$301,916 |
|
$146,859 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments D |
2.19 |
% |
2.11 |
% |
2.22 |
% |
2.28 |
% |
2.68 |
% E |
14.54 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments D |
2.18 |
% |
2.14 |
% |
2.20 |
% |
2.24 |
% |
2.24 |
% E |
2.24 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.70 |
%) |
(1.65 |
%) |
(1.69 |
%) |
(1.87 |
%) |
0.15 |
% E |
(13.65 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) , net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.69 |
%) |
(1.68 |
%) |
(1.68 |
%) |
(1.84 |
%) |
0.59 |
% E |
(1.36 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
22 |
% |
19 |
% |
37 |
% |
25 |
% |
1 |
% C |
27 |
% F |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not annualized. |
D |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 4 due in part to security lending expenses. |
E |
Annualized. |
F |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from December 1, 2011 through November 30, 2012. |
G |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
75 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Institutional Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended Dec 31, |
Year Ended November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 F |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$15.08 |
|
$16.57 |
|
$17.83 |
|
$12.99 |
|
$13.54 |
|
$13.14 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
0.00 |
H |
(0.13 |
) |
(0.07 |
) |
(0.05 |
) |
0.06 |
|
(0.04 |
) G |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.51 |
|
(0.65 |
) |
(0.49 |
) |
5.60 |
|
0.23 |
|
1.43 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.51 |
|
(0.78 |
) |
(0.56 |
) |
5.55 |
|
0.29 |
|
1.39 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.67 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
(0.99 |
) |
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital E |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.04 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
(0.99 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$16.45 |
|
$15.08 |
|
$16.57 |
|
$17.83 |
|
$12.99 |
|
$13.54 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return A |
9.98 |
% |
(4.69 |
%) |
(3.14 |
%) |
42.93 |
% |
2.15 |
% B |
11.74 |
% |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$450,286,537 |
|
$300,919,215 |
|
$359,958,471 |
|
$317,341,400 |
|
$130,341,476 |
|
$88,814,609 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.09 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
1.11 |
% |
1.20 |
% D |
1.20 |
% |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.09 |
% |
1.08 |
% |
1.10 |
% |
1.09 |
% |
1.06 |
% D |
1.10 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.78 |
%) |
(0.67 |
%) |
(0.59 |
%) |
(0.73 |
%) |
0.54 |
% D |
(0.84 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.78 |
%) |
(0.67 |
%) |
(0.61 |
%) |
(0.71 |
%) |
0.68 |
% D |
(0.74 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% |
25 |
% |
46 |
% |
39 |
% |
6 |
% B |
45 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not annualized. |
C |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 2 due in part to security lending expenses. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
F |
Prior to the reorganization on February 24, 2012, the Institutional and Investor Classes were known as Class I and Class A, respectively. |
G |
For the purposes of this calculation, the change in undistributed net investment income was derived by dividing the change in undistributed net investment income by shares outstanding at November 30, 2012. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
76 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended Dec 31, |
Feb 24 A to Nov 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$15.02 |
|
$16.54 |
|
$17.81 |
|
$12.98 |
|
$13.54 |
|
$13.59 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.52 |
) |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.12 |
) |
(0.04 |
) |
0.01 |
|
(0.02 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
2.02 |
|
(0.67 |
) |
(0.45 |
) |
5.58 |
|
0.27 |
|
(0.03 |
) |
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.50 |
|
(0.81 |
) |
(0.57 |
) |
5.54 |
|
0.28 |
|
(0.05 |
) |
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.68 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital G |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.03 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$16.38 |
|
$15.02 |
|
$16.54 |
|
$17.81 |
|
$12.98 |
|
$13.54 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
9.96 |
% |
(4.88 |
%) |
(3.20 |
%) |
42.88 |
% |
2.07 |
% C |
(0.37 |
%) C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$81,069,652 |
|
$142,980,166 |
|
$171,901,004 |
|
$208,196,284 |
|
$4,563,158 |
|
$2,698,530 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.15 |
% |
1.14 |
% |
1.16 |
% |
1.19 |
% |
1.36 |
% E |
2.05 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.15 |
% |
1.14 |
% |
1.16 |
% |
1.19 |
% |
1.16 |
% E |
1.21 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.81 |
%) |
(0.74 |
%) |
(0.67 |
%) |
(0.79 |
%) |
0.19 |
% E |
(1.57 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(0.81 |
%) |
(0.74 |
%) |
(0.69 |
%) |
(0.78 |
%) |
0.38 |
% E |
(0.73 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% |
25 |
% |
46 |
% |
39 |
% |
6 |
% C |
45 |
% F |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not annualized. |
D |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 2 due in part to security lending expenses. |
E |
Annualized. |
F |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from December 1, 2011 through November 30, 2012. |
G |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
77 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended Dec 31, |
Year Ended November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 F |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$14.20 |
|
$15.71 |
|
$16.98 |
|
$12.42 |
|
$12.99 |
|
$12.67 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.41 |
) |
(0.82 |
) |
(0.16 |
) |
(0.04 |
) |
0.02 |
|
(0.06 |
) G |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.80 |
|
0.02 |
|
(0.41 |
) |
5.31 |
|
0.25 |
|
1.37 |
|
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.39 |
|
(0.80 |
) |
(0.57 |
) |
5.27 |
|
0.27 |
|
1.31 |
|
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.69 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
(0.99 |
) |
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital E |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.02 |
) |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
(0.99 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$15.45 |
|
$14.20 |
|
$15.71 |
|
$16.98 |
|
$12.42 |
|
$12.99 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return A |
9.76 |
% |
(5.08 |
%) |
(3.35 |
%) |
42.62 |
% |
2.08 |
% B |
11.44 |
% |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$50,544,287 |
|
$55,921,959 |
|
$147,227,308 |
|
$169,799,314 |
|
$69,786,350 |
|
$67,505,875 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.35 |
% |
1.40 |
% |
1.31 |
% |
1.39 |
% |
1.62 |
% D |
1.56 |
% |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments C |
1.35 |
% |
1.39 |
% |
1.37 |
% |
1.35 |
% |
1.34 |
% D |
1.36 |
% |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.02 |
%) |
(1.01 |
%) |
(0.81 |
%) |
(1.01 |
%) |
0.23 |
% D |
(1.20 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.02 |
%) |
(1.00 |
%) |
(0.88 |
%) |
(0.96 |
%) |
0.50 |
% D |
(1.00 |
%) |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% |
25 |
% |
46 |
% |
39 |
% |
6 |
% B |
45 |
% |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not annualized. |
C |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 2 due in part to security lending expenses. |
D |
Annualized. |
E |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
F |
Prior to the reorganization on February 24, 2012, the Institutional and Investor Classes were known as Class I and Class A, respectively. |
G |
For the purposes of this calculation, the change in undistributed net investment income was derived by dividing the change in undistributed net investment income by shares outstanding at November 30, 2012. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
78 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
A Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended Dec 31, |
Feb 24 A to Nov 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$14.10 |
|
$15.61 |
|
$16.91 |
|
$12.40 |
|
$12.98 |
|
$13.07 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss) |
(0.31 |
) |
(0.19 |
) |
(0.18 |
) |
(0.10 |
) |
0.01 |
|
(0.07 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
1.67 |
|
(0.61 |
) |
(0.42 |
) |
5.32 |
|
0.25 |
|
(0.02 |
) |
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.36 |
|
(0.80 |
) |
(0.60 |
) |
5.22 |
|
0.26 |
|
(0.09 |
) |
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital G |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$15.32 |
|
$14.10 |
|
$15.61 |
|
$16.91 |
|
$12.40 |
|
$12.98 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
9.61 |
% |
(5.11 |
%) |
(3.54 |
%) |
42.28 |
% |
2.01 |
% C |
(0.69 |
%) C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$7,029,682 |
|
$8,197,136 |
|
$9,701,510 |
|
$10,941,646 |
|
$3,130,886 |
|
$2,941,034 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.46 |
% |
1.44 |
% |
1.51 |
% |
1.57 |
% |
1.79 |
% E |
2.08 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments D |
1.46 |
% |
1.48 |
% |
1.52 |
% |
1.59 |
% |
1.58 |
% E |
1.61 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.14 |
%) |
(1.03 |
%) |
(1.02 |
%) |
(1.18 |
%) |
0.04 |
% E |
(1.68 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.14 |
%) |
(1.08 |
%) |
(1.03 |
%) |
(1.20 |
%) |
0.25 |
% E |
(1.21 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% |
25 |
% |
46 |
% |
39 |
% |
6 |
% C |
45 |
% F |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not annualized. |
D |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 2 due in part to security lending expenses. |
E |
Annualized. |
F |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from December 1, 2011 through November 30, 2012. |
G |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
79 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
C Class |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
One Month Ended Dec 31, |
February 24 A to November 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2012 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$13.65 |
|
$15.26 |
|
$16.66 |
|
$12.32 |
|
$12.91 |
|
$13.07 |
|
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net investment (loss) |
(1.08 |
) |
(0.31 |
) |
(0.24 |
) |
(0.13 |
) |
0.00 |
|
(0.06 |
) |
||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
2.28 |
|
(0.59 |
) |
(0.46 |
) |
5.18 |
|
0.25 |
|
(0.10 |
) |
||||||||||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
1.20 |
|
(0.90 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
5.05 |
|
0.25 |
|
(0.16 |
) |
||||||||||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
(0.00 |
) H |
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Distributions from return of capital G |
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
– |
|
||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(0.14 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.70 |
) |
(0.71 |
) |
(0.84 |
) |
– |
|
||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$14.71 |
|
$13.65 |
|
$15.26 |
|
$16.66 |
|
$12.32 |
|
$12.91 |
|
||||||||||||
Total return B |
8.76 |
% |
(5.89 |
%) |
(4.20 |
%) |
41.17 |
% |
1.94 |
% c |
(1.22 |
%) C |
||||||||||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period |
$1,280,971 |
|
$2,348,424 |
|
$2,771,316 |
|
$2,446,766 |
|
$348,977 |
|
$343,410 |
|
||||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursements or recoupments D |
2.23 |
% |
2.19 |
% |
2.26 |
% |
2.33 |
% |
3.21 |
% E |
6.15 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements or recoupments D |
2.23 |
% |
2.26 |
% |
2.27 |
% |
2.34 |
% |
2.33 |
% E |
2.35 |
% E |
||||||||||||
Net investment (loss), before reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.91 |
%) |
(1.79 |
%) |
(1.76 |
%) |
(1.93 |
%) |
(1.36 |
%) E |
(5.71 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Net investment (loss), net of reimbursements or recoupments |
(1.91 |
%) |
(1.85 |
%) |
(1.77 |
%) |
(1.94 |
%) |
(0.48 |
%) E |
(1.91 |
%) E |
||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
40 |
% |
25 |
% |
46 |
% |
39 |
% |
6 |
% C |
45 |
% F |
A |
Commencement of operations. |
B |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
C |
Not annualized. |
D |
Expense ratios may exceed stated expense caps in Note 2 due in part to security lending expenses. |
E |
Annualized. |
F |
Portfolio turnover rate is for the period from December 1, 2011 through November 30, 2012. |
G |
The distributions from return of capital is calculated based on outstanding shares at the time of distribution. |
H |
Amount represents less than $0.01 per share. |
80 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Additional Information
Additional information about the Funds is found in the documents listed below. Request a free copy of these documents by calling 1-800-658-5811 or you may access them on the Funds' website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com.
Annual Report/Semi-Annual Report
The Funds' Annual and Semi-Annual Reports list each Fund's actual investments as of the report's date. They also include a discussion by the Manager of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance. The report of the Fund's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is included in the Annual Report.
Statement of Additional Information (''SAI'')
The SAI contains more details about the Funds and their investment policies. The SAI is incorporated in this Prospectus by reference (it is legally part of this Prospectus). A current SAI is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
Appendix A to the Prospectus – Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Appendix A contains more information about specific sales charge discounts and waivers available for shareholders who purchase Fund shares through a specific financial intermediary. Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference (is legally a part of this Prospectus).
To obtain more information about the Fund or to request a copy of the documents listed above:
By Telephone: |
Call
|
By Mail: |
American Beacon Funds
|
By E-mail: |
americanbeaconfunds@ambeacon.com |
On the Internet: |
Visit our website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com
|
The SAI and other information about the Funds are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic mail to publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520. The SAI and other information about the Funds may also be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room. Information on the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.
American Beacon is a registered service mark of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. The American Beacon Funds, American Beacon
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap
Value Fund, American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and American Beacon
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund are service marks of American Beacon Advisors, Inc.
|
|
SEC File Number 811-04984
Appendix A
INTERMEDIARY SALES CHARGE DISCOUNTS AND WAIVERS
Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or CDSC waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify a Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from a Fund or through another intermediary to receive any applicable waivers or discounts. Please see the section entitled "Choosing Your Share Class" for more information on sales charges and waivers available for different classes.
The information in this Appendix is part of, and incorporated into, the Funds' prospectus.
A CLASS AND C CLASS PURCHASES THROUGH MERRILL LYNCH
Effective April 10, 2017, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund's prospectus or SAI.
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on A Class Shares available at Merrill Lynch
Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission- based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan.
Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan.
Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program.
Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch's platform.
Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable).
Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family).
Shares exchanged from C Class (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date.
Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members.
Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Fund's investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this Prospectus.
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).
CDSC Waivers on A Class and C Class Shares available at Merrill Lynch
Death or disability of the shareholder
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund's Prospectus
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½
Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement
Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to certain fee based accounts or platforms (applicable to A Class and C Class shares only)
Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent
Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.
Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets
Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable)
|
American Beacon |
PROSPECTUS
April 28, 2017
|
Share Class |
|||||
|
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|
American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
IONAX |
IONCX |
IONYX |
IONIX |
IONPX |
This Prospectus contains important information you should know about investing, including information about risks. Please read it before you invest and keep it for future reference.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of the prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
1 |
|
Additional Information About Investment Policies and Strategies |
9 |
9 |
|
13 |
|
20 |
|
21 |
|
21 |
|
21 |
|
23 |
|
25 |
|
29 |
|
30 |
|
30 |
|
32 |
|
32 |
|
32 |
|
33 |
|
Back Cover
|
American Beacon
|
|
Investment Objective
The Fund's investment objective is to seek capital appreciation with low volatility and reduced correlation to equities and interest rates.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales discounts if you and your eligible family members invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in all classes of the American Beacon Funds on an aggregated basis. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in "Choosing Your Share Class" on page 23 of the Prospectus and "Additional Purchase and Sale Information for A Class Shares" on page 31 of the statement of additional information ("SAI"). With respect to purchases of shares through specific intermediaries, you may find additional information regarding sales charge discounts and waivers in Appendix A to the Fund's Prospectus entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers".
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
Institutional |
Investor |
|||||
Maximum sales charge imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
4.75 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
None |
||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (as a percentage of the lower of original offering price or redemption proceeds) |
0.50 |
% 1 |
1.00 |
% |
None |
None |
None |
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (''CDSC'') of 0.50% will be charged on certain purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares that are redeemed in whole or part within 18 months of purchase.
2 The portion of the management fee paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") previously attributable to investment advisory services was 0.09% and the portion of the management fee previously attributable to administrative services was 0.01%.
3 The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the ratio of expenses to average net assets provided in the Fund's Financial Highlights table, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
4
The Manager has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, and
Institutional Class shares, as applicable, through April 30, 2018 to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses exceed 1.94% for the A Class, 2.69% for the C Class, 1.64% for the Y Class, and 1.54% for the Institutional Class (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities
lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses). The contractual
expense reimbursement can be changed only in the discretion and with the approval of a majority of the Fund's Board of Trustees.
The Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the
Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual
Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the lesser of the contractual percentage limit in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement
or the time of the recoupment. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid amounts to the Manager that were previously waived and/or reimbursed by the Manager under a contractual fee
waiver/expense reimbursement for the Fund's Investor Class shares.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same, except that this example reflects the fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement the A Class, C Class, Y Class and Institutional Class shares through April 30, 2018. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Assuming no redemption of shares:
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
C |
$433 |
$1,320 |
$2,219 |
$4,514 |
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
1 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or ‘‘turns over'' its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate for the Fund's last fiscal year was 436% of the average value of the portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by implementing a strategic arbitrage strategy comprised of: convertible arbitrage, credit/rates relative value arbitrage, equity arbitrage and volatility arbitrage. The Fund seeks to employ a "market neutral," strategy, meaning that the Fund's returns are not intended to be closely correlated to the stock market as a whole, interest rates, or a particular market index. The allocation of the Fund's assets among its arbitrage strategies and the use of various hedging strategies are intended to enhance returns and mitigate downside risk.
The Fund will invest in a portfolio of instruments, including, but not limited to, convertible securities, common stock, preferred stock, American Depository Receipts ("ADRs"), exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), exchange-traded notes ("ETNs"), closed-end funds, and derivative instruments, which may include, but are not limited to, equity options (including equity index options) and futures (including equity index futures and options thereon), currency forwards (generally for hedging purposes), warrants, credit default swaps, total return swaps, currency swaps, interest rate swaps, and mortgage derivatives (which may include, collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), mortgage-backed securities and stripped mortgage-backed securities, such as interest only ("IOs") and principal only ("POs") obligations). The Fund may invest in the securities and financial instruments of issuers of any market capitalization, securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A, as well as securities and financial instruments of foreign and emerging market issuers, which may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The Fund may invest in debt securities of any credit quality or maturity, including high yield, below-investment grade debt securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds").
The Fund's arbitrage strategies generally seek to exploit differences in the prices of, or the price relationships between, various types of securities. The Fund intends to allocate its assets among arbitrage investment strategies in the following manner:
30-50% to Convertible Arbitrage. Convertible arbitrage generally seeks to capitalize on the pricing of a company's convertible securities relative to its common stock, typically by the purchase of convertible securities and short sales of the underlying common stock. It seeks to generate consistent returns and benefit from corporate events, or changes in volatility or credit assumptions.
15-30% to Credit/Rates Relative Value Arbitrage. The Fund's credit/rates relative value arbitrage strategy seeks to invest in mortgage and other derivatives that the Fund considers to be inexpensive relative to key characteristics of such investments. For example, the Fund may identify a mortgage backed security that trades at a perceived discount to the implied pre-payment risk, which is the risk related to the early payment of principal. This strategy seeks to consistently produce income while actively managing duration risk (i.e., the price sensitivity to changes in interest rates). The credit/rates relative value arbitrage strategy also seeks to invest in closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value. By purchasing a closed-end fund trading at a discount to its net asset value and shorting an ETF or another closed-end fund holding similar investments, the Fund will attempt to capture this discount. Investments in such closed-end funds have the potential for appreciation as the discount between a fund's price and its net asset value narrows, and also can generate cash flow through periodic dividend payments.
25-45% to Equity Arbitrage. The Fund's equity arbitrage strategy seeks to capture inefficiencies between the prices of an issuer's securities, such as, for example, prices of different classes of an issuer's equity securities, or between an issuer's warrants and common stock. This strategy also may seek to invest in the securities of companies involved, or potentially involved, in corporate events, such as mergers, tender offers, or other actions. A common example of such a type of investment is the attempt to capture the spread between the prices of the securities of companies involved in a tender offer by acquiring the securities of a target company in anticipation of their appreciation and selling short the acquirer's securities in anticipation of their depreciation. The Fund's equity arbitrage strategy can generally be expected to produce returns that fluctuate with company-specific events rather than changes in the broader market.
5-25% to Volatility Arbitrage. The volatility arbitrage strategy seeks to capitalize on the movement of prices, regardless of direction. Volatility arbitrage involves both purchases and sales (writing) of options, futures and other derivatives as well as purchases and short selling of their underlying securities. This strategy seeks to generate a positive return during periods of significant declines in the broader markets in order to reduce the Fund's beta, which is its risk exposure to equity securities and interest rates.
The foregoing allocation targets are not fixed guidelines, and the sub-advisor will monitor and adjust the allocation of the Fund's assets among the four strategies from time to time based on a variety of factors, including qualitative assessments of market conditions, liquidity, targeted exposure levels, ability to implement appropriate hedges, and active risk management.
To implement its arbitrage strategies, the Fund will engage in short sales of securities and the use of options. When the Fund sells a security short, it borrows the security from a third party and sells it at the then current market price. The Fund is then obligated to buy the security on a later date so that it can return the security to the lender. The Fund intends to invest in derivative instruments for both hedging and investment purposes. The Fund may also use derivatives to increase its economic exposure to a particular security, currency or index in a cost effective manner, for example, by purchasing options on an ETF, rather than purchasing shares in the ETF itself, or by entering into a total return swap on an index, rather than buying the individual components of the index. The Fund generally will engage in active and frequent trading of portfolio securities to achieve its investment objective.
In response to adverse market, economic or other conditions, including the absence of attractive arbitrage opportunities, the Fund may temporarily invest a substantial portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalent securities. During such periods, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it is not limited to a percentage of assets that it may invest in any one issuer.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose part or all of your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not designed for investors who need an assured level of income and is intended to be a long-term investment. The Fund is not a complete investment program and may not be appropriate for all investors. Investors should carefully consider their own investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Allocation and Correlation Risk
The sub-advisor's judgments about, and allocations between arbitrage strategies, asset classes and market exposures may adversely
affect the Fund's performance. There can be no assurance, particularly during periods of market disruption and stress, that the Fund will,
in fact, experience a low level of
2 |
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
correlation with a traditional portfolio of stocks and bonds or with the debt or equity markets generally. This risk may be increased by the use of derivatives to increase allocations to various market exposures.
Arbitrage Risk
The Fund may use a variety of arbitrage strategies in pursuing its investment strategy. The underlying relationships among
securities and derivative instruments in which the Fund takes long and short positions may change in an adverse manner, in
which case the Fund may realize losses. The expected gain on an individual arbitrage investment is normally considerably smaller
than the possible loss should the transaction be unexpectedly terminated.
Convertible Securities Risk
The value of a convertible security typically increases or decreases with the price of the underlying common stock. In general,
a convertible security is subject to the risks of stocks when the underlying stock's price is high relative to the conversion
price and is subject to the risks of debt securities when the underlying stock's price is low relative to the conversion price.
Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment
in below investment grade debt securities (commonly known as "junk bonds"). In addition, because companies that issue convertible
securities may be small- or mid-cap companies, to the extent the Fund invests in convertible securities issued by small- or
mid-cap companies, it will be subject to the risks of investing in such companies. The stocks of small- and mid-cap companies
may fluctuate more widely in price than the market as a whole and there may also be less trading in small- or mid-cap stocks.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that a party or participant to a transaction, such as a broker or derivative counterparty,
will be unwilling or unable to satisfy its obligation to make timely principal, interest or settlement payments or to otherwise
honor its obligations to the Fund.
Credit Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives contract
or a loan will fail to make timely payment of interest or principal or otherwise honor its obligations or default completely. Credit
risk is typically greater for securities with ratings that are below investment grade (commonly referred to as "junk bonds").
Since the Fund can invest significantly in lower-quality debt securities considered speculative in nature, this risk will
be substantial. A downgrade or default affecting any of the Fund's securities could affect the Fund's performance.
Currency Risk
The Fund may have exposure to foreign currencies by making direct investments in non-U.S. currencies or in securities denominated
in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency exchange contracts in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency
futures contracts, options on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures, and swaps for cross-currency transaction.
Foreign currencies will fluctuate, and may decline, in value relative to the U.S. dollar and other currencies and thereby
affect the Fund's investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or
in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund and its service providers, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to
operational risks arising from, among other problems, human errors, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity
incidents. It is not possible for the Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents
could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Derivatives Risk
Derivatives may involve significant risk. The use of derivative instruments may expose the Fund to additional risks that
it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives, including the high degree
of leverage often embedded in such instruments, and potential material and prolonged deviations between the theoretical value
and realizable value of a derivative. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the
Fund's initial investment. Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. The Fund
may buy or sell derivatives not traded on an exchange and which may be subject to heightened liquidity and valuation risk.
There may not be a liquid secondary market for the derivative instruments traded by the Fund. Derivative investments can
increase portfolio turnover and transaction costs. Derivatives also are subject to counterparty risk. As a result, the Fund
may obtain no recovery of its investment or may only obtain a limited recovery, and any recovery may be delayed. Not all derivative
transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default
by a counterparty. In addition, the Fund's investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Futures and Forward Contracts. Futures and forward contracts, including non-deliverable forwards ("NDFs"), are derivative instruments pursuant to a contract where one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or other underlying assets at an agreed date or to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. There may be an imperfect correlation between the movement in prices of the futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. Not all forward contracts, including NDFs, require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Forward currency transactions, including NDFs, include the risks associated with fluctuations in currency. Interest rate and Treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to price fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates. The Fund could suffer a loss if interest rates rise after the Fund has purchased an interest rate futures contract or fall after the Fund has sold an interest rate futures contract. Similarly, Treasury futures contracts expose the Fund to potential losses if interest rates do not move as expected. Equity index futures contracts expose the Fund to volatility in an underlying securities index.
Options. In order for a call option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the call option exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. These costs will reduce any profit that might otherwise have been realized had the Fund bought the underlying security instead of the call option. For a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the put option's exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized from having shorted the declining underlying security by the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs. If the Fund sells a put option, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to buy the underlying asset at a disadvantageous price. If the Fund sells a call option on an underlying asset that the Fund owns and the underlying asset has increased in value when the call option is exercised, the Fund will be required to sell the underlying asset at the call price and will not be able to realize any of the underlying asset's value above the call price.
Swap Agreements. Swaps can involve greater risks than a direct investment in an underlying asset because swaps typically include a certain amount of embedded leverage. If swaps are used as a hedging strategy, the Fund is subject to the risk that the hedging strategy may not eliminate the risk that it is intended to offset, due to, among other reasons, the occurrence of unexpected price movements or the non-occurrence of expected price movements. Swaps also may be difficult to value. Total return swaps, currency swaps and credit default swaps are subject to counterparty risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. In addition, interest rate swaps are subject to interest rate risk, total return swaps are subject to market risk and interest rate risk if the underlying securities are bonds or other debt obligations, currency swaps are subject to currency risk, and credit default swaps are subject to the risks associated with the purchase and sale of credit protection.
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
3 |
Warrants. Warrants may be more speculative than certain other types of investments because warrants do not carry with them dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. The market for warrants may be very limited and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for warrants.
Emerging Markets Risk
When investing in emerging markets, the risks of investing in foreign securities discussed below are heightened. Emerging
markets are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the U.S. and other
developed markets. There are also risks of: greater political uncertainties; an economy's dependence on revenues from particular
commodities or on international aid or development assistance; currency transfer restrictions; a limited number of potential
buyers for such securities resulting in increased volatility and limited liquidity for emerging market securities; trading
suspensions; and delays and disruptions in securities settlement procedures.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to market risk and investment risk. The Fund's investments in equity securities may include
common stocks, convertible securities, depositary receipts and preferred stocks. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional
risks.
Common Stock. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors affecting the company, companies in the same industry or sector, or the financial markets overall. Common stock generally is subordinate to preferred stock upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuing company.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are sensitive to movement in interest rates. In addition, convertible securities are subject to risk that the credit standing of the issuer may have an effect on the convertible security‘s investment value.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks traded on U.S. exchanges are subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular depositary receipt or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stocks. Preferred stocks are sensitive to movement in interest rates. Preferred stocks may be less liquid than common stocks and, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred stocks generally are payable at the discretion of an issuer and after required payments to bond holders.
Exchange-Traded Notes Risk
ETNs are unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities. Unlike most debt securities, issuers of ETNs are generally required to
repay the note only upon maturity, and therefore the holder of a typical ETN does not receive periodic interest payments.
An investment in an ETN exposes the Fund to the risk that the ETN's issuer may be unable to repay the note upon maturity.
In addition, payments made to the holder of an ETN upon the maturity or redemption of the note are subject to fees, which
may reduce the amount received to less than the principal amount invested.
Foreign Investing Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include, but are not limited
to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity and greater volatility,
(4) lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) increased price volatility, (6) different
government regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies; and (7) delays in transaction
settlement in some foreign markets.
Hedging Risk
The Fund will employ various hedging strategies. There are a variety of factors that may cause hedges to fail to mitigate
risks in the manner expected, such as if an instrument used to hedge fails to demonstrate the expected correlation to the
risk being hedged, the Fund uses a hedging instrument at the wrong time, or judges the market conditions incorrectly. In
addition, hedges, even when successful in mitigating risk, may not prevent the Fund from experiencing losses on its investments,
and therefore the use of hedging strategies may reduce the Fund's return, or create a loss.
High Portfolio Turnover
Risk
Portfolio turnover is a measure of the Fund's trading activity over a one-year period. A portfolio turnover rate of 100%
would indicate that the Fund sold and replaced the entire value of its securities holdings during the period. High portfolio
turnover could increase the Fund's transaction costs, have a negative impact on performance, and generate higher capital gain
distributions to shareholders than if the Fund has a lower portfolio turnover rate.
High Yield Securities Risk
Investing in high yield, below investment-grade securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds") generally involves significantly
greater risks of loss of your money than an investment in investment grade securities. High yield debt securities may fluctuate
more widely in price and yield and may fall in price when the economy is weak or expected to become weak. High yield securities
are considered to be speculative with respect to an issuer's ability to pay interest and principal and carry a greater risk
that the issuers of lower-rated securities will default on the timely payment of principal and interest. Below investment
grade securities may experience greater price volatility and less liquidity than investment grade securities.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities Risk
Securities not registered in the U.S. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act") or in non-U.S. markets
pursuant to similar regulations, including Rule 144A securities, are restricted as to their resale. Such securities may not
be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. They may be more difficult to purchase or sell at an advantageous
time or price because such securities may not be readily marketable in broad public markets, or may have to be held for a
certain time period before they can be resold. The Fund may not be able to sell a restricted security when the sub-advisor
considers it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price than the Fund believes is its fair market
value. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for restricted securities and the Fund may receive only limited information
regarding the issuer of a restricted security. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities
for resale and the risk of substantial delays in effecting the registration.
Interest Rate Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that the market value of securities or derivatives it holds, particularly mortgage backed
securities, will decline due to rising interest rates. Generally, the value of the investments with interest rate risk, such
as fixed income securities, will move in the opposite direction to movements in interest rates.. The Federal Reserve raised
the federal funds rate in December 2016 and March 2017 and has signaled additional increases in 2017. Interest rates may rise,
perhaps significantly and/or rapidly, potentially resulting in substantial losses to the Fund. The prices of fixed income
securities or derivatives are also affected by their duration. Fixed income securities with longer duration generally have
greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates. For example, if a bond has a duration of four years, a 1% increase in interest
rates could be expected to result in a 4% decrease in the value of the bond. An increase in interest rates can impact markets
broadly as well. Some investors buy securities and derivatives with borrowed money; an increase in interest rates can cause
a decline in those markets.
4 |
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you
paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the
issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well
as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk
The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies
may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful
smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Leverage Risk
The Fund's use of futures, forward contracts, swaps, options and other derivative instruments and selling securities short
will have the economic effect of financial leverage. Financial leverage magnifies the exposure to the swings in prices of
an asset or class of assets underlying a derivative instrument and results in increased volatility, which means that the Fund
will have the potential for greater losses than if the Fund does not use the derivative instruments that have a leveraging
effect. Leverage may result in losses that exceed the amount originally invested and may accelerate the rate of losses. Leverage
tends to magnify, sometimes significantly, the effect of any increase or decrease in the Fund's exposure to an asset or class
of assets and may cause the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") to be volatile.
Liquidity Risk
The Fund is susceptible to the risk that certain investments held by the Fund, such as structured notes and other derivative
instruments, may have limited marketability or be subject to restrictions on sale, and may be difficult or impossible to purchase
or sell at favorable times or prices. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time that
is most beneficial to the Fund. The Fund may be required to dispose of investments at unfavorable times or prices to satisfy
obligations, which may result in losses or may be costly to the Fund. For example, the Fund may be forced to sell certain
investments at unfavorable prices to meet redemption requests or other cash needs. Judgment plays a greater role in pricing
illiquid investments than in investments with more active markets.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects,
which have resulted, and may continue to result, in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased
price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the
willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing
on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected,
which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country
or region. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments
or quasi-governmental organizations.
In addition, political events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. High public debt in the U.S. and other countries creates ongoing systemic and market risks and policymaking uncertainty. Because the impact on the markets has been widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact on various markets of a significant rate increase, whether brought about by U.S. policy makers or by dislocations in world markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely.
Model and Data Risk
Models and data are used to screen potential investments for the Fund. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete,
any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. Some of the models used by the sub-advisor are
predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based
on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and
reliability of the supplied historical data.
Mortgage Backed and Mortgage Related Securities Risk
Investments in mortgage backed and mortgage related securities are subject to market risks for fixed-income securities which
include, but are not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk, extension risk and prepayment risk. Moreover, declines in
the credit quality of the issuers of mortgage backed and mortgage related securities or instability in the markets for such
securities may affect the value and liquidity of such securities, which could result in losses to the Fund. Additionally,
certain mortgage backed and mortgage related securities may include securities backed by pools of loans made to "subprime"
borrowers or borrowers with blemished credit histories; the risk of defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools
that include such subprime mortgages. A security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States
is guaranteed by the applicable entity only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The
market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Additionally, circumstances could arise that would
prevent the payment of interest or principal. This could result in losses to the Fund. Securities held by the Fund that are
issued by government-sponsored enterprises, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (''Fannie Mae''), the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (''Freddie Mac''), and Federal Home Loan Banks are not guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, are
not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will
provide financial support. U.S. Government securities and securities of government sponsored enterprises are also subject
to credit risk, interest rate risk and market risk. The Fund's investment in CMOs may offer a higher yield than U.S. government
securities, but they may also be subject to greater price fluctuation and credit risk. The cash flows and yields on IOs and
POs are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage loans or
mortgage-backed securities. A rapid rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of IOs. A slow rate
of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of POs. Inverse IOs and POs, which are fixed income securities
with a floating or variable rate of interest, may exhibit substantially greater price volatility than fixed rate obligations
having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity.
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is non-diversified, which means the Fund may focus its investments in the securities of a comparatively small number
of issuers. Investments in
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
5 |
securities of a limited number of issuers exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential losses than if assets were diversified among the securities of a greater number of issuers.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds
("ETFs"). To the extent that the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly
bear the fees and expenses charged by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will
be subject to the risks associated with investments in those funds. For example, to the extent the Fund invests in ETFs that
invest in equity securities, fixed income securities and/or foreign securities, or track an index, the Fund is subject to
the risks associated with the underlying investments held by the ETF or the index fluctuations to which the ETF is subject.
Because ETFs and closed-end funds are listed on an exchange, they may be subject to trading halts, may trade at a discount
or premium to their NAV and may not be liquid. The lack of an active trading market or the halting of trading in the shares
of ETFs or closed-end funds in which the Fund invests may result in losses to the Fund.
Prepayment and Extension Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that the principal amount of a bond may be repaid prior to the bond's maturity date. Due to a
decline in interest rates or excess cash flow, a debt security may be called or otherwise prepaid before maturity. If this
occurs, no additional interest will be paid on the investment. Because the majority of the Fund's investments subject to prepayment
risk generally will be mortgage-backed securities consisting of interest-only securities the Fund may experience losses if
a significant amount of bonds linked to the Fund's investments are prepaid. The Fund may have to invest at a lower rate, may
not benefit from an increase in value that may result from declining interest rates, and may lose any premium it paid to acquire
the security. Variable and floating rate securities may be less sensitive to prepayment risk. Extension risk is the risk
that a decrease in prepayments may, as a result of higher interest rates or other factors, result in the extension of a security's
effective maturity, heighten interest rate risk and increase the potential for a decline in its price.
Quantitative Strategy Risk
The success of the Fund's investment strategy may depend in part on the effectiveness of the sub-advisor's quantitative tools
for screening securities. These strategies may incorporate factors that are not predictive of a security's value. Additionally,
a previously successful strategy may become outdated or inaccurate, possibly resulting in losses.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor or the Manager for the Fund may not perform to expectations. This could result in
the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
Segregated Assets Risk
In connection with certain transactions that may give rise to future payment obligations, including short sales and investments
in derivatives, the Fund may be required to maintain a segregated amount of, or otherwise earmark, cash or liquid securities
to cover the obligation. Segregated assets cannot be sold while the position they are covering is outstanding unless they
are replaced with other assets of equal value. The need to maintain cash or other liquid securities in segregated accounts
could limit the Fund's ability to pursue other opportunities as they arise.
Short Position Risk
The Fund's losses are potentially unlimited in a short position transaction because there is potentially no limit on the
amount that the security that the Fund is required to purchase may have appreciated. Because the Fund may invest the proceeds
of a short sale, another effect of short selling on the Fund is similar to the effect of leverage, in that it may amplify
changes in the Fund's NAV since it may increase the exposure of the Fund to certain markets.
Small and Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk
Investing in the securities of small and mid-capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater
price volatility than investing in larger capitalization and more established companies. Since small and mid-capitalization
companies may have limited operating history, product lines, and financial resources, the securities of these companies may
lack sufficient market liquidity, and they can be particularly sensitive to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing
costs and earnings. In general, these risks are greater for small-capitalization companies than for mid-capitalization companies.
Tax Risk
To qualify as a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue
Code") ("RIC"), the Fund must meet a "qualifying income" test each taxable year. Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative
instruments, including certain equity index options and futures, are currently unclear and may be affected by future legislation,
Treasury regulations and/or guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") that could affect the treatment of income
from these instruments and the character, timing/recognition and amount of the Fund's taxable income and/or net capital gains
and, therefore, the distributions it makes.
Valuation Risk
The Fund may value certain assets at a price different from the price at which they can be sold. This risk may be especially
pronounced for investments, such as certain derivatives, which may be illiquid or which may become illiquid.
Fund Performance
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risk of investing in the Fund by showing how the performance of the Fund and, prior to June 30, 2015, the Fund's predecessor, has varied from year to year. The table shows how the Fund's performance compares to a broad measure of market performance, the BofA Merrill Lynch 3 Month LIBOR Constant Maturity Index.
Simultaneous with the commencement of the Fund's investment operations on June 30, 2015, the Ionic Absolute Return Fund LLC ("Private Fund"), a privately offered investment fund managed by the Fund's sub-advisor, transferred its assets to the Institutional Class shares of the Fund. The Fund's investment policies, objective, guidelines and restrictions are, in all material respects, equivalent to those of the Private Fund. Except for the seed capital provided by the Manager, the Fund's portfolio of investments on June 30, 2015 was the same as the portfolio of investments of the Private Fund immediately prior to the transfer. The Trust has calculated the performance for each share class of the Fund for periods commencing prior to the transfer of the Private Fund's assets to the Fund by including the Private Fund's total return adjusted to reflect the deduction of fees and expenses applicable to each share class as stated in the fee table included in this prospectus (i.e., adjusted to reflect anticipated expenses, net of waiver and reimbursements). These fees and expenses include sales charges and Rule 12b-1 fees to the extent applicable. The Private Fund was not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended ("Investment Company Act") and was not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements, and other restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act and the Internal Revenue Code, which, if applicable, may have adversely affected its performance.
You may obtain updated performance information on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. Past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
6 |
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
Calendar year total returns. Year Ended 12/31 |
|
|
Highest Quarterly Return:
Lowest Quarterly Return:
|
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception Date of Class |
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Institutional Class |
9/1/2013 |
|
|
|
|
|
Returns Before Taxes |
|
|
1.28 |
% |
3.11 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions |
|
|
(2.55 |
%) |
1.66 |
% |
Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sales of Fund Shares |
|
|
1.13 |
% |
1.84 |
% |
|
Inception
|
1 Year |
Since Inception |
|||
Share Class (Before Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
6/30/2015 |
|
0.98 |
% |
2.99 |
% |
C |
6/30/2015 |
|
0.17 |
% |
2.63 |
% |
Y |
6/30/2015 |
|
1.28 |
% |
3.14 |
% |
Investor |
6/30/2015 |
|
0.98 |
% |
2.98 |
% |
|
|
|
Since Inception of Institutional Class |
|||
Index (Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BofA Merrill Lynch 3 Month LIBOR Constant Maturity Index |
|
|
0.66 |
% |
0.36 |
% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local income taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. The return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed the return before taxes due to an assumed tax benefit from any losses on a sale of Fund shares at the end of the measurement period. If you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or a 401(k) plan, the after-tax returns do not apply to your situation. After-tax returns are shown for the Fund's Institutional Class shares; after-tax returns for other share classes will vary.
Management
The Manager
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager.
Sub-Advisor
The Fund's investment sub-advisor is Ionic Capital Management® LLC ("Ionic").
Portfolio Managers
Ionic Capital Management LLC |
Bart Baum
Adam Radosti
|
Doug Fincher
Daniel Stone
|
Prospectus – Fund Summary |
7 |
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may buy or sell shares of the Fund through a direct mutual fund account, through a retirement account, through an investment professional or another financial intermediary. As a direct mutual fund account shareholder, you may buy or sell shares in various ways:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open, at the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share next calculated after your order is received in proper form, subject to any applicable sales charge.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Tax Information
Dividends and capital gain distributions, if any, that you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes, unless you are a tax-exempt entity or your account is tax-deferred (in which case you may be taxed later, upon the withdrawal of your investment from such account).
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and the Fund's distributor or the Manager may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your individual financial adviser to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your individual financial adviser or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
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Prospectus – Fund Summary |
Additional Information About the Fund
To help you better understand the Fund, this section provides a detailed discussion of the Fund's investment policies, its principal strategies and risks and performance benchmark(s). However, this Prospectus does not describe all of the Fund's investment practices. For additional information, please see the Fund's statement of additional information ("SAI"), which is available at www.americanbeaconfunds.com or by contacting us via telephone at 1-800-658-5811, by U.S. mail at P.O. Box 219643, Kansas City, MO 64121-9643, or by e-mail at americanbeaconfunds@ambeacon.com.
Additional Information About Investment Policies and Strategies
Investment Objective
The Fund's investment objective is to seek capital appreciation with low volatility and reduced correlation to equities and interest rates.
The Fund's investment objective is "non-fundamental," which means that it may be changed by the Fund's Board of Trustees ("Board") without the approval of Fund shareholders.
Temporary Defensive Policy
The Fund may depart from its principal investment strategy by taking temporary defensive positions in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During these times, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Additional Information About the Management of the Fund
The Fund has retained American Beacon Advisors, Inc. to serve as its Manager. The Manager provides or oversees the provision of all administrative, investment advisory and portfolio management services to the Fund. The Manager:
develops overall investment strategies for the Fund,
monitors and evaluates the sub-advisor's investment performance,
monitors the sub-advisor's compliance with the Fund's investment objectives, policies and restrictions,
oversees the Fund's securities lending activities and actions taken by the securities lending agent to the extent applicable, and
directs the investments or the portion of Fund assets that the sub-advisor determines should be allocated to short-term investments.
The assets of the Fund are currently allocated by the Manager to one sub-advisor, Ionic Capital Management LLC ("Ionic"). Ionic has full discretion to purchase and sell securities for the Fund in accordance with the Fund's objectives, policies, restrictions and more specific strategies provided by the Manager. The Manager oversees the sub-advisor but does not reassess individual security selections made by the sub-advisor for the Fund.
The Fund operates in a manager of managers structure. The Fund and the Manager have received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (‘‘SEC'') that permits the Fund, subject to certain conditions and approval by the Board, to hire and replace sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager without approval of shareholders. The Manager has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee sub-advisors and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The order also exempts the Fund from disclosing the advisory fees paid by the Fund to individual sub-advisors that are unaffiliated with the Manager in various documents filed with the SEC and provided to shareholders. Instead, the fees payable to unaffiliated sub-advisors are aggregated, and fees payable to sub-advisors that are affiliated with the Manager, if any would be aggregated with fees payable to the Manager. Disclosure of the separate fees paid to an affiliated sub-advisor would be required. Whenever a sub-advisor change is proposed in reliance on the order, in order for the change to be implemented, the Board, including a majority of its "non-interested" trustees, must approve the change. In addition, the Fund is required to provide shareholders with certain information regarding any new sub-advisor within 90 days of the hiring of any new sub-advisor.
Additional Information About Investments
This section provides more detailed information regarding certain of the Fund's principal investment strategies as well as information regarding the Fund's strategy with respect to investment of cash balances.
Arbitrage Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by implementing a strategic arbitrage strategy comprised of: convertible arbitrage, credit/rates relative value arbitrage, equity arbitrage and volatility arbitrage.
Convertible Arbitrage. Convertible arbitrage generally seeks to capitalize on the pricing of a company's convertible securities relative to its common stock. This strategy involves purchasing convertible securities, generally convertible bonds, and hedging a portion of the equity, credit, interest rate and/or volatility risk inherent in these securities. Convertible bonds are often inaccurately priced as a result of the complexities associated with the valuation of these hybrid securities. By neutralizing exposure to the accurately priced components of a convertible bond, it is possible to profit from the perceived inaccurate pricings of other components. The Fund's convertible arbitrage strategy seeks to generate consistent returns and benefit from corporate events, changing volatility or credit assumptions.
Credit/Rates Relative Value Arbitrage. The Fund's credit/rates relative value arbitrage strategy seeks to invest in mortgage and other derivatives that the sub-advisor considers to be inexpensive relative to prepayment risk, or associated security, sector or index value. The credit/rates relative value arbitrage strategy also seeks to invest in closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value. Investments in such closed-end funds have the potential for appreciation as the discount between the fund's price and its net asset value changes, and also can generate cash flow through periodic dividend payments. By taking long positions in discounted funds, the Fund has the potential to profit if the closed-end funds' market prices and net asset values converge. Taking short positions in the underlying portfolios held by such closed-end funds helps control exposure to adverse movements in the prices of the funds. This strategy seeks to consistently produce income while actively managing duration risk.
Equity Arbitrage. The Fund's equity arbitrage strategy seeks to capture inefficiencies between the prices of an issuer's securities, such as, for example, prices of different classes of an issuer's equity securities, or between an issuer's warrants and common stock. This strategy also seeks to invest in the securities of companies involved, or potentially involved, in corporate events, such as mergers, tender offers, or other actions. A common example of such a type of investment is the attempt to capture the spread between the prices of the securities of companies involved in a tender offer by acquiring the securities of a target company in anticipation their appreciation and selling short the acquirer's securities in anticipation of their depreciation. Additionally, equity arbitrage investments can be made by taking opposing long and short positions in independent but highly correlated equities whose price ratio, or spread, is substantially different from historical levels. Profits can be captured if the price ratio between the securities reverts back to its historical mean. Returns generated by the Fund's equity arbitrage strategy are generally expected to be idiosyncratic.
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
9 |
Volatility Arbitrage. A volatility arbitrage strategy seeks to capitalize on the movement of market prices of various assets, regardless of direction. This strategy seeks to take advantage of opportunities where volatility that the sub-advisor considers to be cheap relative to a reference index or security exists and can be effectively captured using options, futures, ETFs or swaps. Volatility arbitrage involves both purchases and sales (writing) of options, futures and other derivatives as well as purchases and short selling of their underlying securities. This strategy seeks to provide return diversification and is utilized to reduce the Fund's beta, or risk exposure, and correlation to equities and interest rates.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include corporate bonds, notes, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer's common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. Holders of convertible securities have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders, but may be subordinated to holders of similar non-convertible securities of the same issuer. Because of the conversion feature, certain convertible securities may be considered equity equivalents.
Currencies
The Fund may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities and may also purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts and related options as well as forward currency contracts (see ‘‘Derivative Investments''), and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward currency contracts (see ‘‘Forward Contracts''). The Fund may engage in these transactions in order to hedge or protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates in the purchase and sale of securities or other derivative positions. The Fund also may use foreign currency options and foreign currency forward contracts to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another.
Derivative Investments
Derivatives are financial instruments that have a value which depends upon, or is derived from, a reference asset, such as one or more underlying securities, pools of securities, options, futures, indexes or currencies. The Fund may invest in the following derivative instruments:
Forward Contracts. Forward contracts are two-party contracts pursuant to which one party agrees to pay the counterparty a fixed price for an agreed upon amount of commodities or securities, or the cash value of commodities, securities or a securities index, at an agreed upon future date. A forward currency contract is an obligation to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. An NDF currency contract is a forward contract where there is no physical settlement of the two currencies at maturity. Rather, on the contract settlement date, a net cash settlement will be made by one party to the other based on the difference between the contracted forward rate and the prevailing spot rate, on an agreed notional amount.
Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a contract to purchase or sell a particular security, or the cash value of an index, at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Under such contracts, no delivery of the actual securities is required. Rather, upon the expiration of the contract, settlement is made by exchanging cash in an amount equal to the difference between the contract price and the closing price of a security or index at expiration, net of the variation margin that was previously paid. An interest rate futures contract is a contract for the future delivery of an interest-bearing debt security or index of debt securities. An equity index futures contract is a contract based on the level or a particular stock index at an agreed upon date in the future. A treasury futures contract is a contract for the future delivery of a U.S. Treasury security. The Fund may, from time to time, use futures positions to equitize cash and expose its portfolio to changes in securities prices or index prices. This can magnify gains and losses in the Fund. The Fund also may have to sell assets at inopportune times to satisfy its settlement or collateral obligations. The risks associated with the use of futures contracts also include that there may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the prices of futures contracts and that there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract.
Options. An option is a contract that gives the purchaser (holder) of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the seller (writer) of the option the security or currency underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option (normally not exceeding nine months). The writer of an option has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security or currency upon payment of the exercise price, in the case of a call option, or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security or currency, in the case of a put option.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract provides the holder with the right to enter into a ‘‘long'' position in the underlying futures contract, in the case of a call option, or a ‘‘short'' position in the underlying futures contract in the case of a put option, at a fixed exercise price to a stated expiration date. Upon exercise of the option by the holder, the contract market clearing house establishes a corresponding short position for the writer of the option, in the case of a call option, or a corresponding long position, in the case of a put option.
Swap Agreements. A credit default swap enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a credit event, such as an issuer's failure to make timely payments of interest or principal, bankruptcy or restructuring. The terms of the swap transaction are either negotiated by the sub-advisor and the swap counterparty or established based on terms generally available on an exchange or contract market. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange the right to receive payments equivalent to interest at differing rates on specified notional principal amounts. In a total return swap, one party agrees to pay the other party an amount equal to the total return on a defined underlying asset or index during a specified period of time. The underlying asset might be a security or basket of securities or index such as a securities index. In return, the other party would make periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or on a total return from a different underlying asset or non-asset reference. A currency swap involves the exchange of payments denominated in one currency for payments denominated in another. Payments are based on a notional principal amount the value of which is fixed in exchange rate terms at the swap's inception.
Warrants. Warrants are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase a specified amount of securities at a specified price. Detachable warrants are often independently traded on a stock exchange. Non-detachable warrants cannot be traded independently from their reference bond. Warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitle the holder to buy securities at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.
Equity Investments
The Fund's equity investments may include:
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Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
Common Stock. Common stock generally takes the form of shares in a corporation which represent an ownership interest. It ranks below preferred stock and debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the company in a liquidation or bankruptcy. Common stock may be exchange-traded or over-the-counter. Over the counter stock may be less liquid than exchange-traded stock.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are generally preferred stocks and other securities, including bonds and warrants that are convertible into or exercisable for common stock at a stated price or rate. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in an issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While typically providing a fixed-income stream, a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
Depositary Receipts, ADRs. American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts issued generally by domestic banks and represent the deposit with the bank of a security of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Investing in depositary receipts entails substantially the same risks as direct investment in foreign securities. There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies and there may be less governmental regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies. In addition, such companies may use different accounting and financial standards (and certain currencies may become unavailable for transfer from a foreign currency), resulting in a Fund's possible inability to convert immediately into U.S. currency proceeds realized upon the sale of portfolio securities of the affected foreign companies. In addition, a Fund may invest in unsponsored depositary receipts, the issuers of which are not obligated to disclose material information about the underlying securities to investors in the United States. Ownership of unsponsored depositary receipts may not entitle a Fund to the same benefits and rights as ownership of a sponsored depositary receipt or the underlying security.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stock blends the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and its participation in the issuer's growth may be limited. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the receipt of dividends and in any residual assets after payment to creditors should the issuer be dissolved. Although the dividend is typically set at a fixed annual rate, in some circumstances it can be variable, changed or omitted by the issuer.
Exchange-Traded Notes
The Fund may invest in ETNs. ETNs are debt obligations that are traded on exchanges and the returns of which are linked to the performance of market indexes. In addition to trading ETNs on exchanges, investors may redeem ETNs directly with the issuer on a weekly basis, typically in a minimum amount of 50,000 units, or hold the ETNs until maturity. ETNs may be riskier than ordinary debt securities and may have no principal protection. The Fund's investment in an ETN may be influenced by many unpredictable factors, including highly volatile commodities prices, changes in supply and demand relationships, weather, agriculture, trade, changes in interest rates, and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. Investing in ETNs is not equivalent to investing directly in index components or the relevant index itself. Because ETNs are debt securities, they possess credit risk; if the issuer has financial difficulties or goes bankrupt, the investor may not receive the return it was promised.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
Generally, an illiquid asset is an asset that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which it has been valued. Historically, illiquid securities have included securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, and repurchase agreements having a remaining maturity of longer than seven calendar days. Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. These securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. However, the fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale of such investments to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of their liquidity.
Securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the "private placement" exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act ("Section 4(a)(2) securities") are restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws, and generally are sold to institutional investors, such as the Fund, that agree they are purchasing the securities for investment and not with an intention to distribute to the public. Any resale by the purchaser must be pursuant to an exempt transaction and may be accomplished in accordance with Rule 144A. Section 4(a)(2) securities normally are resold to other institutional investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or dealers that make a market in the Section 4(a)(2) securities, thus providing liquidity.
The Manager and the sub-advisor will carefully monitor the Fund's investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities offered and sold under Rule 144A, focusing on such important factors, among others, as valuation, liquidity, and availability of information. Investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities could have the effect of reducing the Fund's liquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers no longer wish to purchase these restricted securities.
Investment Process and Portfolio Composition
The sub-advisor has a well-defined investment process that it employs to select new positions. The first step in its process is asset allocation across the Fund's investment strategies. The sub-advisor makes the allocation decisions based on tactical considerations specific to each strategy, through a top-down, team oriented approach. Part of the sub-advisor's portfolio construction process includes significant stress-testing and scenario analysis, and incorporates a rules-based approach with defined guidelines regarding a number of factors, such as a position size, duration, market correlation, liquidity, and risk contribution within each strategy. After establishing the initial allocation of the Fund's strategies, the sub-advisor will make adjustments to the Fund's portfolio in response to changing market conditions, while focusing on investment guidelines and risk exposures.
The Fund expects to invest its assets globally with a majority in North America and with moderate exposures to Europe, Asia and emerging markets. Although the Fund and the sub-advisor have established targeted allocations among the Fund's four strategies, such targeted allocations are not fixed guidelines and will be adjusted from time to time by the sub-advisor.
Mortgage-Backed and Mortgage-Related Securities
The Fund may invest in debt obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises, including the Federal National Mortgage Association (''Fannie Mae''), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (''Freddie Mac''), Federal Farm Credit Banks (''FFCB'') and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Although chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, these entities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are supported by the issuers' right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, the discretionary authority of the U.S. Treasury to lend to the issuers and the U.S. Treasury's commitment to purchase stock to ensure the issuers' positive net worth through 2012. The types of mortgage related securities that the Fund may invest in include:
Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
11 |
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs") - CMOs and interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits ("REMICs") are debt securities collateralized by mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities. CMOs divide the cash flow generated from the underlying mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities into different groups referred to as "tranches," which are then retired sequentially over time in order of priority. The principal governmental issuers of such securities Fannie Mae, a government sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders, and Freddie Mac, a corporate instrumentality of the United States created pursuant to an act of Congress that is owned entirely by the Federal Home Loan Banks. The issuers of CMOs are structured as trusts or corporations established for the purpose of issuing such CMOs and often have no assets other than those underlying the securities and any credit support provided. A REMIC is a mortgage securities vehicle that holds residential or commercial mortgages and issues securities representing interests in those mortgages. A REMIC may be formed as a corporation, partnership, or segregated pool of assets. A REMIC itself is generally exempt from federal income tax, but the income from its mortgages is taxable to its investors. For investment purposes, interests in REMIC securities are virtually indistinguishable from CMOs.
There are a number of important differences among the agencies, instrumentalities and government-sponsored enterprises of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Such agencies and securities include:
(1) GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates ("Ginnie Maes") - The Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae") is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Maes represent an undivided interest in a pool of mortgages that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or the Farmers Home Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. Ginnie Maes entitle the holder to receive all payments (including prepayments) of principal and interest owed by the individual mortgagors, net of fees paid to Ginnie Mae and to the issuer which assembles the mortgage pool and passes through the monthly mortgage payments to the certificate holders (typically, a mortgage banking firm), regardless of whether the individual mortgagor actually makes the payment. Because payments are made to certificate holders regardless of whether payments are actually received on the underlying mortgages, Ginnie Maes are of the "modified pass-through" mortgage certificate type. The Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest on the Ginnie Maes. The Ginnie Mae guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, and the Ginnie Mae has unlimited authority to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under the guarantee. The market for Ginnie Maes is highly liquid because of the size of the market and the active participation in the secondary market of security dealers and a variety of investors.
(2) Mortgage-Related Securities Issued by Private Organizations - Pools created by non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of payments in such pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools is often partially supported by various enhancements such as over-collateralization and senior/subordination structures and by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance. The insurance and guarantees are issued by government entities, private insurers or the mortgage poolers. Although the market for such securities is becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
(3) Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates ("Freddie Macs") - Freddie Macs represent interests in groups of specified first lien residential conventional mortgages underwritten and owned by Freddie Mac. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by the Freddie Mac. The Freddie Mac guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. In cases where the Freddie Mac has not guaranteed timely payment of principal, the Freddie Mac may remit the amount due because of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable. Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the United States or by any of the Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank.
(4) Fannie Mae Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates ("Fannie Maes") - Fannie Maes represent an undivided interest in a pool of conventional mortgage loans secured by first mortgages or deeds of trust, on one family or two to four family, residential properties. The Fannie Mae is obligated to distribute scheduled monthly installments of principal and interest on the mortgages in the pool, whether or not received, plus full principal of any foreclosed or otherwise liquidated mortgages. The obligation of the Fannie Mae under its guarantee is solely its obligation and is not backed by, nor entitled to, the full faith and credit of the United States.
Other Investment Companies Securities
The Fund at times may invest in shares of other investment companies, including, but not limited to, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts, and ETFs. The Fund may invest in securities of an investment company advised by the Manager. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund's proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund's own operations. These other fees and expenses are reflected as Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and are included in the Fees and Expenses Table for the Fund in its Prospectus, if applicable. Investment in other investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above the value of such issuer's portfolio securities.
The Fund can invest free cash balances in registered open-end investment companies regulated as money market funds under the Investment Company Act to provide liquidity or for defensive purposes. The Fund would invest in money market funds rather than purchasing individual short-term investments. If the Fund invests in money market funds shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which the Fund invests, including such fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager.
The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs and sell ETF shares short. ETFs trade like a common stock and passively-managed ETFs usually represent a fixed portfolio of securities designed to track the performance and dividend yield of a particular domestic or foreign market index. Typically, the Fund would purchase passive ETF shares to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market and sell ETF shares short to hedge exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. As a shareholder of an ETF, the Fund would be subject to its ratable share of the ETF's expenses, including its advisory and administration expenses.
An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional mutual fund (i.e., one that is not exchange traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies, but also presents some additional risks due to being exchange traded. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range in response to changes in the net asset value of the ETF and the supply and demand for its shares. Differences between exchange prices and the net asset value for ETF shares may be due largely to supply and demand forces in the secondary market, which forces may not be the same as those influencing prices for securities or instruments held by the ETF at a particular time. The market price of ETF shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a "bid-ask spread." In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread often increases significantly. As a result of these factors, there may be times when the market price and the net asset value of the ETF vary significantly, which can potentially cause substantial losses for investors in ETFs.
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Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
Additional Information About Risks
The greatest risk of investing in a mutual fund is that its returns will fluctuate and you could lose money. The following section provides additional information regarding the Fund's principal risk factors in light of its principal investment strategies.
Allocation and Correlation Risk
This is the risk that the sub-advisor's judgments about, and allocations between, arbitrage strategies, asset classes and market exposures may adversely affect the Fund's performance. This risk can be increased by the use of derivatives to increase allocations to various market exposures because derivatives can create investment leverage, which will magnify the impact to the Fund of its investment in any underperforming market exposure. There can be no assurance, particularly during periods of market disruption and stress, that the Fund will, in fact, experience a low level of correlation with a traditional portfolio of stocks and bonds or with the debt or equity markets generally.
Arbitrage Risk
The Fund may use a variety of arbitrage strategies in pursuing its investment strategy. The underlying relationships among securities in which the Fund takes long and short positions may change in an adverse manner, or may fail to change in the manner expected, in which case the Fund may realize losses. The expected gain on an individual arbitrage investment is normally considerably smaller than the possible loss should the transaction be unexpectedly terminated. The expected timing of each transaction is also important since the length of time that the Fund's capital must be committed to any given transaction may affect the rate of return realized by the Fund, and unanticipated delays could cause the Fund to lose money or not achieve the desired rate of return.
The success of the Fund's investment strategies is dependent on the sub-advisor's ability to exploit pricing inefficiencies among interrelated instruments. Although arbitrage positions are considered to have a lower risk profile than directional trades as the former attempt to exploit price differentials rather than overall price movements, such strategies are by no means without risk. Pricing inefficiencies, even if correctly identified, may not converge within the time frame within which the Fund maintains its positions. Even pure "riskless" arbitrage — which is rare — can result in significant losses if the arbitrage cannot be sustained (due, for example, to margin calls) until expiration. The Fund's strategies are subject to the risks of disruptions in historical price relationships, the restricted availability of credit and the obsolescence or inaccuracy of valuation models. Market disruptions may also force the Fund to close out one or more positions. Such disruptions have in the past resulted in substantial losses for funds employing similar strategies.
The Fund expects a major component of its investment strategies to involve spreads between two or more securities. To the extent the price relationships between such securities remain constant, no gain or loss may occur. Such spread strategies do, however, entail a substantial risk that the price differential could change unfavorably and result in losses.
In recent market conditions, the profitability of arbitrage trading has been materially reduced — in part due to the number of market participants seeking to exploit the same perceived pricing inefficiencies.
Convertible Securities Risk
The value of a convertible security typically increases or decreases with the price of the underlying common stock. In general, a convertible security is subject to the risks of stocks, and its price may be as volatile as that of the underlying stock, when the underlying stock's price is high relative to the conversion price and a convertible security is subject to the risks of debt securities, and is particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, when the underlying stock's price is low relative to the conversion price. Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Securities that are convertible other than at the option of the holder generally do not limit the potential for loss to the same extent as securities that are convertible at the option of the holder. Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment in lower-rated debt securities. The credit rating of a company's convertible securities is generally lower than that of its non-convertible debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered "junior" securities — that is, the company usually must pay interest on its non-convertible debt securities before it can make payments on its convertible securities. If the issuer stops paying interest or principal, convertible securities may become worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment. In addition, because companies that issue convertible securities may be small- or mid-cap companies, to the extent the Fund invests in convertible securities issued by small- or mid-cap companies, it will be subject to the risks of investing in such companies.
Counterparty Risk
Some of the markets in which the Fund may effect derivative transactions are over -the-counter ("OTC") or "interdealer" markets. The participants in such markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight to the same extent as are members of "exchange-based" markets. This exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a credit or liquidity problem with the counterparty and the recent turbulence in the financial markets highlights the importance of being aware of counterparty risk resulting from OTC derivative transactions. The Fund is subject to the risk that a party or participant to a transaction, such as a broker or derivative counterparty, will be unwilling or unable to satisfy its obligation to make timely principal, interest or settlement payments or to otherwise honor its obligations to the Fund. As a result, the Fund may obtain no recovery of its investment or may only obtain a limited recovery, and any recovery may be delayed. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty.
Credit Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a debt security or the counterparty to a derivatives contract or a loan will fail to make timely payment of interest or principal or otherwise honor its obligations or default completely. A decline in the credit rating of an individual security held by the Fund may have an adverse impact on its price and make it difficult for the Fund to sell it. Ratings represent a rating agency's opinion regarding the quality of the security and are not a guarantee of quality. Rating agencies might not always change their credit rating on an issuer or security in a timely manner to reflect events that could affect the issuer's ability to make timely payments on its obligations. Credit risk is typically greater for securities with ratings that are below investment grade. Since the Fund can invest significantly in high-yield investments considered speculative in nature, this risk will be substantial.
Currency Risk
The Fund may have exposure to foreign currencies by making direct investments in non-U.S. currencies or in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency exchange contracts in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency futures contracts, options on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures and swaps for cross-currency investments. Foreign currencies may decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and thereby affect the Fund's investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. As a result, the Fund's investments in foreign currency denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund. Currency futures, forwards, options or options may not always work as intended, and in
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specific cases the Fund may be worse off than if it had not used such instrument(s). There may not always be suitable hedging instruments available. Even where suitable hedging instruments are available, the Fund may choose to not hedge its currency risks.
Cybersecurity and Operational Risk
The Fund, its service providers, and third-party fund distribution platforms, and shareholders' ability to transact with the Fund, may be negatively impacted due to operational risks arising from, among other problems, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity incidents. The occurrence of any of these problems could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage and other consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund or its shareholders. The Manager, through its monitoring and oversight of Fund service providers, endeavors to determine that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to such problems. However, it is not possible for the Manager, Fund service providers, or third-party fund distribution platforms to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Cybersecurity incidents could also affect issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, leading to significant loss of value.
Derivatives Risk
Derivatives are financial instruments that have a value which depends upon, or is derived from, a reference asset, such as one or more underlying securities, pools of securities, options, futures, indexes or currencies. The Fund may use derivatives to enhance total return, to hedge against fluctuations in securities prices, interest rates or currency exchange rates, to change the effective duration of its portfolio, to manage certain investment risks or as a substitute for the purchase or sale of the underlying currencies or securities. The Fund may also hold derivative instruments to obtain economic exposure to an issuer without directly holding its securities.
Derivatives can be highly complex and their use within a management strategy can require specialized skills. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. If the sub-advisor incorrectly forecasts stock market values, or the direction of interest rates or currency exchange rates in utilizing a specific derivatives strategy for the Fund, the Fund could lose money. In addition, leverage embedded in a derivative instrument can expose the Fund to greater risk and increase its costs. Gains or losses in the value of a derivative instrument may be magnified and be much greater than the derivative's original cost (generally the initial margin deposit). Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the Fund's initial investment, for example, where the Fund may be called upon to deliver a security it does not own. Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. The Fund may not be able to close out or sell a derivative at a particular time or at an anticipated price.The Fund may buy or sell derivatives not traded on an exchange or contract market, which may be subject to heightened liquidity and valuation risk. Derivative investments can increase portfolio turnover and transaction costs. Derivatives also are subject to counterparty risk. As a result the Fund may obtain no recovery of its investment or may only obtain a limited recovery, and any recovery may be delayed. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Certain derivatives, including swaps, futures, forwards and written options, require the Fund to post margin to secure its future obligation; if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell investments from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The Fund's use of derivatives also may create financial leverage, which may result in losses that exceed the amount originally invested and accelerate the rate of losses. Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will use derivatives to reduce exposure to other risks when that might have been beneficial.
Although the Fund may attempt to hedge against certain risks, the hedging instruments may not perform as expected and could produce losses. Hedging instruments may also reduce or eliminate gains that may otherwise have been available had the Fund not used the hedging instruments. The Fund may not hedge certain risks in particular situations, even if suitable instruments are available.
Ongoing changes to regulation of the derivatives markets and potential changes in the regulation of funds using derivative instruments could limit the Fund's ability to pursue its investment strategies. The extend and impact of the regulation are not yet fully known and may not be for some time. New regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, may limit their availability, or may otherwise adversely affect their value of performance. In addition to other changes, these rules provide for central clearing of derivatives that in the past were traded exclusively over-the-counter and may increase costs and margin requirements, but are expected to reduce certain counterparty risks.
Because the markets for certain derivative instruments (including markets located in foreign countries) are relatively new and still developing, suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Upon the expiration of a particular contract, a sub-advisor may wish to retain the Fund's position in the derivative instrument by entering into a similar contract, but may be unable to do so if the counterparty to the original contract is unwilling to enter into the new contract and no other suitable counterparty can be found. The Fund's ability to use derivatives may also be limited by certain regulatory and tax considerations.
Certain of the other risks to which the Fund might be exposed due to its use of derivatives include the following:
Futures and Forward Contracts Risk. Futures and forward contracts, including non-deliverable forwards ("NDFs"), are derivative instruments pursuant to a contract where one party pays a fixed price for an agreed amount of securities or other underlying assets at an agreed date or to buy or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes. There are no limitations on daily price movements of forward contracts. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed. Not all forward contracts, including NDFs, require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose a Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contracts. Forward currency transactions, including NDFs, include the risks associated with fluctuations in currency. Interest rate and treasury futures contracts expose a Fund to price fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates. A Fund could suffer a loss if interest rates rise after a Fund has purchased an interest rate futures contract or fall after a Fund has sold an interest rate futures contract. Similarly, treasury futures contracts expose a Fund to potential losses if interest rates do not move as expected. Equity index futures contracts expose a Fund to volatility in an underlying securities index.
Options Risk. The movements experienced by the Fund between the prices of options and prices of the securities (or indices) underlying such options, may differ from expectations, and may cause the Fund to not achieve its objective. The seller (writer) of a call option that is covered (i.e., the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase by such writer except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put option that is covered (i.e., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the
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underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option. In the event that an option on futures is exercised, the parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as payment of variation margin deposits. In addition, the writer of an option, unlike the holder, generally is subject to initial and variation margin requirements on the option position.
Swaps Agreement Risk. Swaps can involve greater risks than a direct investment in an underlying asset, because swaps typically include a certain amount of embedded leverage and as such are subject to leveraging risk. If swaps are used as a hedging strategy, the Fund is subject to the risk that the hedging strategy may not eliminate the risk that it is intended to offset, due to, among other reasons, a lack of correlation between the swaps and the portfolio of assets that the swaps are designed to hedge or replace. Swaps also may be difficult to value. Total return swaps, interest rate swaps, currency swaps and credit default swaps are subject to counterparty risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. In addition to these risks, total return swaps are subject to market risk and interest rate risk, if the underlying securities are bonds or other debt obligations, interest rate swaps are subject to interest rate risk, and currency swaps are subject to currency risk. With respect to a credit default swap, if the Fund is selling credit protection, there is a risk that the Fund is subject to many of the same risks it would be if it were holding debt obligations of the issuer; however, the Fund would not have any recourse against such issuer and would not benefit from any collateral securing such issuer's debt obligations. Therefore, when selling protection, the Fund could be forced to liquidate other assets upon the occurrence of a credit event in order to pay the counterparty. There is also the risk that the transaction may be closed-out at a time when the credit quality of the underlying investment has deteriorated, in which case the Fund may need to make an early termination payment. If the Fund is buying credit protection, there is the risk that no credit event will occur and the Fund will receive no benefit (other than any hedging benefit) for the premium paid. There is also the risk that the transaction may be closed-out at a time when the credit quality of the underlying investment has improved, in which case the Fund may need to make an early termination payment. Equity swaps are subject to equity investments risk, liquidity risk and counterparty risk.
Warrants. Warrants are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase a specified amount of securities at a specified price. Warrants may be more speculative than certain other types of investments because warrants do not carry with them dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. Detached warrants may be traded on a stock exchange; however, non-detached warrants can only be exercised by the bondholder.
Equity Investments Risk
Equity securities are subject to investment risk and market risk. The Fund's investments in U.S. and foreign equity securities may include common stocks, convertible securities, preferred stocks and depositary receipts. Such investments may expose the Fund to additional risks:
Common Stocks. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or decreased demand for the company's products or services. A stock's value may also decline because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or sector. The price of a company's stock may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company, such as changes in interest rates, exchange rates or industry regulation. Companies that pay dividends on their common stock generally only do so after they invest in their own business and make required payments to bondholders and on other debt and preferred stock. Therefore, the value of a company's common stock will usually be more volatile than its bonds, other debt and preferred stock.
Convertible Securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by both the yield of non-convertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The investment value of a convertible is based on its yield and tends to decline as interest rates increase. The conversion value of a convertible is the market value that would be received if the convertible were converted to its underlying common stock. The conversion value will decrease as the price of the underlying common stock decreases. When conversion value is substantially below investment value, the convertible's price tends to be influenced more by its yield, so changes in the price of the underlying common stock may not have as much of an impact. Conversely, the convertible's price tends to be influenced more by the price of the underlying common stock when conversion value is comparable to or exceeds investment value. The value of a synthetic convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations than a convertible security, because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Convertible securities may be subject to market risk, credit risk and interest rate risk.
Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in securities issued by foreign companies through ADRs, and U.S. dollar-denominated foreign stocks trading on U.S. exchanges. These securities are generally subject to many of the same risks of investing in the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, including, but not limited to, currency exchange rate fluctuations, political and financial instability in the home country of a particular ADR or foreign stock, less liquidity and more volatility, less government regulation and supervision and delays in transaction settlement.
Preferred Stocks. If interest rates rise, the dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stocks may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions for their call or redemption prior to maturity which can have a negative effect on their prices when interest rates decline. Issuers may threaten preferred stockholders with the cancellation of all dividends and liquidation preference rights in an attempt to force their conversion to less secure common stock. Certain preferred stocks are equity securities because they do not constitute a liability of the issuer and therefore do not offer the same degree of protection of capital or continuation of income as debt securities. The rights of preferred stock on distribution of a corporation's assets in the event of its liquidation are generally subordinated to the rights associated with a corporation's debt securities. Therefore, in the event of an issuer's bankruptcy, there is substantial risk that there will be nothing left to pay preferred stockholders after payments, if any, to bondholders have been made. Preferred stocks may also be subject to credit risk.
Exchange-Traded Notes Risk
Because ETNs are unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities, an investment in an ETN exposes the Fund to the risk that an ETN's issuer may be unable to repay the note upon maturity. As a result, the value of the ETN may decline, including to zero. In addition, as with investments in ETFs and investment companies, the Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the ETN, which may cause the Fund's operating expenses to be higher and its performance to be lower than it would if it invested directly in the securities of the index or other reference assets of the ETN. There may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark. The Fund's decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If the Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount.
Extension Risk
If interest rates rise rapidly, or as a result of other factors, repayments of principal of certain debt securities, especially mortgage-related and other types of asset-backed securities, may occur at a slower rate than expected and the expected maturity of these securities could lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply.
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Foreign Investing & Emerging Markets Risk
Non-U.S. investments carry potential risks not associated with domestic investments. Such risks include, but are not limited to: (1) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (2) political and financial instability, (3) less liquidity and greater volatility of foreign investments, (4) lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, (5) different government regulation and supervision of foreign banks, stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies, (6) increased price volatility, and (7) delays in transaction settlement in some foreign markets. There may be very limited oversight of certain foreign banks or securities depositories that hold foreign securities and currency and the laws of certain countries may limit the ability to recover such assets if a foreign bank or depository or their agents goes bankrupt. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of a single country or region, it is more likely to be affected by events or conditions of that country or region. When investing in emerging markets, the risks of investing in foreign securities are heightened. Emerging markets have unique risks that are greater than or in addition to investing in developed markets because emerging markets are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the U.S. and other developed markets. There are also risks of: greater political uncertainties; an economy's dependence on revenues from particular commodities or on international aid or development assistance; currency transfer restrictions; a limited number of potential buyers, resulting in increased volatility and limited liquidity for emerging market securities; trading suspensions; and delays and disruptions in securities settlement procedures. In addition, there may be less information available to make investment decisions.
Hedging Risk
The Fund intends to enter into hedging transactions with the intention of reducing or controlling risk. It is possible that hedging strategies will not be effective in controlling risk, due to unexpected non-correlation (or even positive correlation) between the hedging instrument and the position being hedged, increasing rather than reducing both risk and losses. To the extent that the Fund enters into hedging transactions, its hedges will not be static but rather will need to be continually adjusted based on the sub-advisor's assessment of market conditions, as well as the expected degree of non-correlation between the hedges and the portfolio being hedged. The success of the Fund's hedging strategies will depend on the sub-advisor's ability to implement such strategies efficiently and cost-effectively, as well as on the accuracy of its judgments concerning the hedging positions to be acquired by the Fund. The Fund will not, in general, attempt to hedge all market or other risks inherent in the Fund's investments, and will hedge certain risks only partially, if at all. Certain risks, either in respect of particular investments or in respect of the Fund's overall portfolio, may not be hedged, particularly if doing so is economically unattractive. As a result, various directional market risks may remain unhedged. Gains or losses from positions in hedging instruments may be much greater than the instrument's original cost. The use of hedges may fail to mitigate risks, and may reduce the Fund's return, or create a loss.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk
Portfolio turnover is a measure of the Fund's trading activity over a one-year period. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% would indicate that the Fund sold and replaced the entire value of its securities holdings during the period. High portfolio turnover could increase the Fund's transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. These costs are not reflected in the Fund's annual operating expenses or in the expense example, but they can have a negative impact on performance. Frequent trading by the Fund could also result in increased realized net capital gains, distributions of which are taxable to the Fund's shareholders (including net short-term capital gain distributions, which are taxable to them as ordinary income).
High Yield Securities Risk
Investing in high yield securities (commonly referred to as ‘‘junk bonds'') generally involves significantly greater risks of loss of your money than an investment in investment-grade securities. Compared with issuers of investment grade securities, high yield securities are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and to be materially affected by these difficulties. High yield debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price when the economy is weak or expected to become weak. High yield securities are considered to be speculative with respect to an issuer's ability to pay interest and principal and carry a greater risk that issuers of lower-rated securities will default on the timely payment of principal or interest. Below-investment-grade securities may experience greater price volatility and less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Lower-rated securities are subject to certain risks that may not be present with investments in higher-grade securities. Investors should consider carefully their ability to assume the risks associated with lower-rated securities before investing in the Fund. The lower rating of certain high yielding corporate income securities reflects a greater possibility that the financial condition of the issuer or adverse changes in general economic conditions may impair the ability of the issuer to pay income and principal. Changes by rating agencies in their ratings of a fixed income security also may affect the value of these investments. However, allocating investments among securities of different issuers could reduce the risks of owning any such securities separately. The prices of these high yield securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment-grade investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. During economic downturns or periods of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that adversely affects their ability to service principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals or to obtain additional financing, and the markets for their securities may be more volatile. If an issuer defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Additionally, accruals of interest income for the Fund may have to be adjusted in the event of default. In the event of an issuer's default, the Fund may write off prior income accruals for that issuer, resulting in a reduction in the Fund's current dividend payment. Frequently, the higher yields of high-yielding securities may not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities may expect, but rather the risk that such securities may lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of their issuer's financial restructuring or default. Additionally, an economic downturn or an increase in interest rates could have a negative effect on the high-yield securities market and on the market value of the high-yield securities held by the Fund, as well as on the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and interest on their borrowings.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities Risk
Section 4(a)(2) securities and Rule 144A securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. They may be more difficult to purchase or sell at an advantageous time or price because such securities may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. The Fund may not be able to sell a Section 4(a)(2) security or Rule 144A security when the sub-advisors consider it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price than a Fund believes is their fair market value. Although there is a substantial institutional market for Section 4(a)(2) securities and Rule 144A securities, it is not possible to predict exactly how the market for such securities will develop. A Section 4(a)(2) security or Rule 144A security that was liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for restricted securities and a Fund may receive only limited information regarding the issuer of a restricted security. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering Section 4(a)(2) securities and Rule 144A securities for resale and the risk of substantial delays in effecting the registration. If, during such a delay, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed at the time it decided to seek registration of the security.
Interest Rate Risk
Investments in fixed-income securities or derivatives that are influenced by interest rates are subject to interest rate risk. The Fund may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates if it invests in debt securities with intermediate and long terms to maturity. Debt securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. For example, if a bond has a duration of
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four years, a 1% increase in interest rates could be expected to result in a 4% decrease in the value of the bond. Yields of debt securities will fluctuate over time. Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the Federal Reserve has attempted to stabilize the economy and support the economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate (the interest rate at which depository institutions lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight) at or near zero percent. The Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate in December 2016 and March 2017 and has signaled additional increases in 2017. Interest rates may rise significantly and/or rapidly, potentially resulting in substantial losses to the Fund. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Fund may be unable to maintain positive returns. Certain European countries and Japan have recently experienced negative interest rates on deposits and debt securities have traded at negative yields. Negative interest rates may become more prevalent among non-U.S. issuers, and potentially within the United States. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from Fund performance to the extent the Fund is exposed to such interest rates.
Investment Risk
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. The share price of the Fund fluctuates, which means that when you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them. Therefore, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Issuer Risk
The value of, and/or the return generated by, a security may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets. When the issuer of a security implements strategic initiatives, including mergers, acquisitions and dispositions, there is the risk that the market response to such initiatives will cause the share price of the issuer's securities to fall.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk
The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Large market capitalization companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during periods of economic expansion.
Leverage Risk
Financial leverage magnifies the exposure to the movement in prices of an asset or class of assets underlying a derivative instrument and results in increased volatility, which means that the Fund will have the potential for greater losses than if the Fund does not use the derivative instruments that have a leveraging effect. Leverage tends to magnify, sometimes significantly, the effect of any increase or decrease in the Fund's exposure to an asset or class of assets and may cause the Fund's NAV to be volatile.
The Fund may experience leveraging risk in connection with investments in derivatives because its investments in derivatives may be purchased with a fraction of the assets that would be needed to purchase the securities directly, so that the remainder of the assets may be invested in other investments. Such investments may have the effect of leveraging the Fund because the Fund may experience gains or losses not only on its investments in derivatives, but also on the investments purchased with the remainder of the assets. If the value of the Fund's investments in derivatives is increasing, this could be offset by declining values of the Fund's other investments. Conversely, it is possible that the rise in the value of the Fund's non-derivative investments could be offset by a decline in the value of the Fund's investments in derivatives. In either scenario, the Fund may experience losses. In a market where the value of the Fund's investments in derivatives is declining and the value of its other investments is declining, the Fund may experience substantial losses. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet any required asset segregation requirements. In addition, the costs that a Fund pays to engage in these practices are additional costs borne by the Fund and could reduce or eliminate any net investment profits.
Liquidity Risk
When there is little or no active trading market for specific types of securities, such as structured notes and other derivative instruments, it can become more difficult to purchase or sell the securities at or near their perceived value. During such periods, certain investments held by the Fund may be difficult to sell or other investments may be difficult to purchase at favorable times or prices. As a result, the Fund may have to lower the price on certain securities that it is trying to sell, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on Fund management or performance. Redemptions by a few large investors in the Fund at such times may have a significant adverse effect on the Fund's NAV and remaining Fund shareholders. In addition, the market-making capacity of dealers in certain types of securities has been reduced in recent years, in part as a result of structural and regulatory changes, such as fewer proprietary trading desks and increased capital requirements for broker-dealers. Further, many broker-dealers have reduced their inventory of certain debt securities. This could negatively affect the Fund's ability to buy or sell debt securities and increase the related volatility and trading costs. The Fund may lose money if it is forced to sell certain investments at unfavorable prices to meet redemption requests or other cash needs.
Market Risk
Since the financial crisis that started in 2008, the U.S. and many foreign economies continue to experience its after-effects. Conditions in the U.S. and many foreign economies have resulted, and may continue to result, in certain instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for some borrowers to obtain financing on attractive terms, if at all. In some cases, traditional market participants have been less willing to make a market in some types of debt instruments, which has affected the liquidity of those instruments. During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and the yields to decline. The reduced liquidity in fixed income and credit markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region.
In response to the financial crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. In some countries where economic conditions are recovering, they are nevertheless perceived as still fragile. Withdrawal of government support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. The severity or duration of adverse economic conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations, including changes in tax laws. The impact of new financial regulation legislation on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully known for some time. Regulatory changes are causing some financial services companies to exit long-standing lines of business, resulting in dislocations for other market participants. In addition, political and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad, such as the U.S. government's inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, threats of a federal government shutdown and threats not to
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increase the federal government's debt limit, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. The results of the recent U.S. presidential election may result in significant changes in certain policies. These changes may result in lower corporate taxes, higher levels of public debt, higher interest rates, more restrictions on international trade, and less stringent prudential regulation of certain players in the financial markets.
Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years in the U.S. and abroad. Because there is little precedent for this situation, it is difficult to predict the impact of a significant rate increase on various markets. For example, because investors may buy securities or other investments with borrowed money, a significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the markets for those investments. Because of the sharp decline in the worldwide price of oil, there is a concern that oil producing nations may withdraw significant assets now held in U.S. Treasuries, which could force a substantial increase in interest rates. Regulators have expressed concern that rate increases may cause investors to sell fixed income securities faster than the market can absorb them, contributing to price volatility. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the U.S. and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation (the opposite of inflation). Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a country's economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse. The abandonment of the euro or withdrawal from the European Union ("EU") on the part of the United Kingdom or any other member could significantly adversely affect the value of the Fund's investments in Europe. Particularly, the United Kingdom's vote to leave the EU could lead to a prolonged period of uncertainty as to the exact terms of exit and the impact on different industry sectors and increased market volatility.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk
Investments in mid-capitalization companies generally involve greater risks and the possibility of greater price volatility than investments in larger, more established companies. Mid-capitalization companies often have narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund's portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks. Additionally, mid-capitalization companies may have less market liquidity than large capitalization companies, and they can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Model and Data Risk
Models and data are used to screen potential investments for the Fund. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. Securities selected using models or data can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole or securities selected using only fundamental analysis, which could adversely affect value. Some of the models used by the sub-advisor are predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied historical data. In addition, factors that affect a security's value can change over time and these changes may not be reflected in the quantitative model.
Mortgage Backed and Mortgage Related Securities Risk
Investments in mortgage backed and mortgage related securities are subject to market risks for fixed-income securities which include, but are not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk, prepayment risk and extension risk. When mortgages and other obligations are prepaid and when securities are called, the Fund may have to reinvest in securities with a lower yield or fail to recover additional amounts (i.e., premiums) paid for securities with higher interest rates, resulting in an unexpected capital loss and/or a decrease in the amount of dividends and yield. Moreover, declines in the credit quality of the issuers of mortgage backed and mortgage related securities or instability in the markets for such securities may affect the value and liquidity of such securities, which could result in losses to the Fund. Additionally, certain mortgage backed and mortgage related securities may include securities backed by pools of loans made to "subprime" borrowers or borrowers with blemished credit histories; the risk of defaults is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include such subprime mortgages. A security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States is only guaranteed by the applicable entity as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Additionally, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of interest or principal. This could result in losses to the Fund. Investments in securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises are debt obligations issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government. These obligations vary in the level of support they receive from the U.S. Government. They may be: (i) supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, such as those of Ginnie Mae; (ii) supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Farm Credit Banks; (iii) supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency obligations, such as those of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, or (iv) supported only by the credit of the issuer, such as those of the Federal Farm Credit Bureau. The U.S. Government may choose not to provide financial support to U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities if it is not legally obligated to do so. In such circumstances, if the issuer defaulted, the Fund may not be able to recover its investment from the U.S. Government. Like all bonds, U.S. Government securities and Government-sponsored enterprise bonds are also subject to credit risk.
CMO Risk. A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal on CMOs is paid periodically. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, and their income streams. CMOs may offer a higher yield than U.S. government securities, but they may also be subject to greater price fluctuation and credit risk. In addition, CMOs typically will be issued in a variety of classes or series, which have different maturities and are retired in sequence. In the event of a default by an issuer of a CMO, there is no assurance that the collateral securing such CMO will be sufficient to pay principal and interest. It is possible that there will be limited opportunities for trading CMOs in the OTC market, the depth and liquidity of which will vary from time to time.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are a type of mortgage-backed security that receives differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets. Generally, there are two classes of stripped mortgage-backed securities: Interest Only (IO) and Principal Only (PO). IOs entitle the holder to receive distributions consisting of all or a portion of the interest on the underlying pool of mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. POs entitle the holder to receive distributions consisting of all or a portion of the principal of the underlying pool of mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. The cash flows and yields on IOs and POs are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. A rapid rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of IOs. A slow rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to maturity of POs. If prepayments of principal are greater than anticipated, an investor in IOs may incur substantial losses. If prepayments of principal are slower than anticipated, the yield on a PO will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security. Inverse IOs and POs, which are fixed income securities with a floating or variable rate of interest, may exhibit substantially greater price volatility than fixed rate obligations having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity.
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Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may invest a high percentage of its assets in a limited number of issuers. When the Fund invests in a relatively small number of issuers it may be more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a more diversified portfolio might be. Some of those issuers may also present substantial credit or other risks. Since the Fund is non-diversified, its NAV and total return may also fluctuate more or be subject to declines in weaker markets than a diversified mutual fund.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") and money market funds. To the extent that the Fund invests in shares of other registered investment companies, the Fund will indirectly bear fees and expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, charged by those investment companies in addition to the Fund's direct fees and expenses and will be subject to the risks associated with investments in those funds. The Fund must rely on the investment company in which it invests to achieve its investment objective. If the investment company fails to achieve its investment objective, the value of the Fund's investment will decline, adversely affecting the Fund's performance. Money market funds are subject to interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk. ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of an ETF's shares may trade at a discount or premium to its net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; or (3) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted if the listing exchange's officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are delisted from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide "circuit breakers" (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally. An ETF that tracks an index may not precisely replicate the returns of its benchmark index.
Prepayment Risk
When interest rates fall, borrowers will generally repay the loans that underlie certain debt securities, especially mortgage-related and other types of asset backed securities, more quickly than expected, causing the issuer of the security to repay the principal prior to the security's expected maturity date. The Fund may need to reinvest the proceeds at a lower interest rate, reducing its income. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when prevailing interest rates fall. If the Fund buys those securities at a premium, accelerated prepayments on those securities could cause the Fund to lose a portion of its principal investment. The impact of prepayments on the price of a security may be difficult to predict and may increase the security's price volatility. Interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only the prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments.
Quantitative Strategy Risk
The success of the Fund's investment strategy may depend in part on the effectiveness of a sub-advisor's quantitative tools for screening securities. Securities selected using quantitative analysis can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole or securities selected using only fundamental analysis, which could adversely affect their value. The sub-advisor's quantitative tools may use factors that may not be predictive of a security's value, and any changes over time in the factors that affect a security's value may not be reflected in the quantitative model. The sub-advisor's stock selection can be adversely affected if it relies on insufficient, erroneous or outdated data or flawed models or computer systems.
Securities Selection Risk
Securities selected by the sub-advisor for the Fund may decline substantially in value or may not perform to expectations. The sub-advisor's judgments about the attractiveness, value and anticipated price movements of a particular asset class or individual security may be incorrect and there is no guarantee that individual securities will perform as anticipated. The price of an individual security can be more or less volatile than the market as a whole or the Fund's relative value approach may fail to produce the intended results. The sub-adviser's assessment of relative value may be wrong or even if its estimate of relative value is correct, it may take a long period of time before the price and intrinsic value converge. This could result in the Fund's underperformance compared to other funds with similar investment objectives.
The prices of the instruments to be traded by the Fund have been subject to periods of excessive volatility in the past and such periods can be expected to recur. Price movements are influenced by many unpredictable factors, such as market sentiment, significant changes in inflation rates, interest rates, commodities, credit spreads, currencies and general economic and political conditions.
Volatility can disrupt historical or theoretical pricing relationships, causing what should otherwise be comparatively low risk positions to incur losses. On the other hand, the lack of volatility can also result in losses for many of the Fund's strategies that are effectively "long" volatility. In periods of trendless and/or stagnant markets, the Fund's strategies may have materially diminished prospects for profitability. The majority of the investment strategies that are employed by the Fund rely for their profitability on market volatility contributing to the pricing inefficiencies that they are designed to identify.
Segregated Assets Risk
In connection with certain transactions that may give rise to future payment obligations, including short sales and investments in derivatives, the Fund may be required to maintain a segregated amount of, or otherwise earmark, cash or liquid securities to cover the position. Segregated or earmarked securities cannot be sold while the position or transaction they are covering is outstanding, unless they are replaced with other securities of equal value. There is the possibility that the segregation or earmarking of a large percentage of the Fund's assets may, in some circumstances, limit the Fund's ability to take advantage of investment opportunities or meet redemption requests.
Short Position Risk
The Fund's short positions are subject to special risks. A short sale is effected by selling a security that the Fund does not own, or selling a security that the Fund owns but that it does not deliver upon consummation of the sale. In order to make delivery to the buyer of a security sold short, the Fund must borrow the security. In so doing, it incurs the obligation to replace that security, whatever its price may be, at the time it is required to deliver it to the lender. The Fund must also pay to the lender of the security any dividends or interest payable on the security during the borrowing period and may have to pay a premium to borrow the security. This obligation must, unless the Fund then owns or has the right to obtain, without payment, securities identical to those sold short, be collateralized by a deposit of cash or marketable securities with the lender. Short selling is subject to a theoretically unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on how much the price of a security may appreciate before the short position is closed out. There can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover the short position will be available for purchase by the Fund. In addition, purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the relevant securities to rise further, thereby increasing any loss incurred by the Fund. Furthermore, the Fund may be forced to close out a short position prematurely if a counterparty from which the Fund borrowed securities demands their return, resulting in a loss on what might otherwise have been a profitable position. The Fund may also enter into a short position through a forward commitment or via an option, futures contract or swap agreement. If the price of the security or derivative has increased during the time the Fund holds the short position, then the Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price from the time that the short position was entered into plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. Therefore, short positions involve the risk that losses may be exaggerated, potentially losing more money than the actual cost of the investment. The Fund's losses are potentially
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unlimited in a short position because the price appreciation of the security that the Fund is required to purchase is unlimited. In addition, because the Fund may invest the proceeds of a short sale, the Fund may be subject to the effect of leverage, in that it amplifies changes in the Fund's NAV since it increases the exposure of the Fund to the market. If such instruments are traded OTC, the Fund is subject to the risk that the counterparty may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to the Fund.
Small Capitalization Companies Risk
Investments in small capitalization companies generally involve greater risks and the possibility of greater price volatility than investments in larger capitalization and more established companies. Small capitalization companies often have narrower commercial markets and more limited operating history, product lines, and managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund's portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks. Additionally, small capitalization companies may have less market liquidity than larger capitalization companies, and they can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks.
Tax Risk
To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet a "qualifying income" test each taxable year. Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments, including certain equity index options and futures, are currently unclear and may be affected by future legislation, regulations and/or guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") that could affect the treatment of income from these instruments, and the character, timing/recognition and amount of the Fund's taxable income and/or net capital gains and, therefore, the distributions it makes. If the IRS were to assert successfully that income the Fund derives from these investments does not constitute qualifying income, the Fund might cease to qualify as a RIC or might be required to reduce its exposure to such investments.
Valuation Risk
This is the risk that the Fund has valued a security at a price different from the price at which it can be sold. This risk may be especially pronounced for investments, such as derivatives, which may be illiquid or which may become illiquid and for securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility. If market conditions make it difficult to value certain investments, the Fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair-value methodologies. Investors who purchase or redeem Fund shares on days when the Fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares, or lower or higher redemption proceeds, than they would have received if the Fund had not fair-valued the securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The value of foreign securities, certain fixed income securities and currencies, as applicable, may be materially affected by events after the close of the markets on which they are traded, but before the Fund determines its NAV. The Fund's ability to value its investments in an accurate and timely manner may be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by third party service providers, such as pricing services or accounting agents.
Additional Information About Performance Benchmarks
The Fund's annual total return has been compared to the BofA Merrill Lynch 3 Month LIBOR Constant Maturity Index. Set forth below is additional information regarding the indices to which the Fund's performance is compared.
The BofA Merrill Lynch 3 Month USD LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) Constant Maturity Index is based on the assumed purchase of a synthetic instrument having 3 months to maturity and with a coupon equal to the closing quote for 3-Month LIBOR. That issue is sold the following day (priced at a yield equal to the current day closing 3-Month LIBOR rate) and is rolled into a new 3-Month instrument. The index, therefore, will always have a constant maturity equal to exactly 3 months.
Notice Regarding Index Data
Source BofA Merrill Lynch, used with permission. BOFA MERRILL LYNCH IS LICENSING THE BOFA MERRILL LYNCH INDICES AND RELATED DATA "AS IS," MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING SAME, DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE SUITABILITY, QUALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, AND/OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INDICES OR ANY DATA INCLUDED IN, RELATED TO, OR DERIVED THEREFROM, ASSUMES NO LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR USE, AND DOES NOT SPONSOR, ENDORSE, OR RECOMMEND American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund.
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Prospectus – Additional Information About the Fund |
Fund Management
The Manager
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC. (the "Manager") serves as the Manager and administrator of the Fund(s). The Manager, located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039, is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC, which is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC and Estancia Capital Partners L.P.
The Manager was organized in 1986 to provide investment management, advisory, and administrative services. The Manager is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Manager, on behalf of the Fund, has filed a notice claiming the CFTC Regulation 4.5 exclusion from registration with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and the Manager is exempt from registration as a commodity trading advisor under CFTC Regulation 4.14(a)(8) with respect to the Fund.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid, in aggregate, management fees to the Manager and investment advisory fees to the sub-advisor equal to 1.33% of the Fund's daily average net assets, net of waivers.
The Manager also may receive 10% of the net monthly income generated from the Fund's securities lending activities as compensation for oversight of the Fund's securities lending program, including the securities lending agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Fund to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions in shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager.
A discussion of the Board's consideration and approval of the Management Agreement between the Fund and the Manager and the Investment Advisory Agreement among the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the sub-advisor and the Manager, is available in the Fund's semi-annual report for the period ended June 30, 2016.
The Manager has contractually agreed from time to time to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses for the Fund in order to maintain competitive expense ratios for the Fund. The Board has approved a policy whereby the Manager may seek repayment for any contractual or voluntary fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses of a class to exceed the contractual percentage limit.
The Sub-Advisor
Set forth below is a brief description of the sub-advisor and the portfolio managers with joint and primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund. The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers, including other accounts they manage, their ownership in the Fund and their compensation.
IONIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC (‘‘Ionic''), is an alternative asset management firm located at 475 Fifth Avenue., 9th Floor, New York, NY 10017 with $2.9 billion in assets under management as of March 31, 2017. Ionic is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Bart Baum is Chief Investment Officer and Principal (Since inception 2006). Mr. Baum is responsible for managing the Fund's volatility arbitrage and equity arbitrage strategies, the Fund's overall portfolio construction, and the allocation of the Fund's assets among the four strategies. Mr. Baum focuses primarily on managing Ionic's equity option and commodities strategies. Before forming Ionic with Adam Radosti and Daniel Stone in 2006, Mr. Baum was a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager in the US and European Volatility and Credit Arbitrage Group at Highbridge Capital Management LLC ("Highbridge"). He started working at Highbridge in its first month, September 1992.
Adam Radosti is Portfolio Manager and Principal (Since inception 2006). Mr. Radosti is responsible for managing the Fund's convertible arbitrage strategy, and assists in determining the overall allocation of assets among the Fund's four strategies. Before forming Ionic, Mr. Radosti was previously a Senior Vice President in the US and European Volatility and Credit Arbitrage Group at Highbridge.
Daniel Stone is Portfolio Manager and Principal (Since inception 2006). Mr. Stone was formerly a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager in the U.S. and European Volatility and Credit Arbitrage Group at Highbridge. He joined Highbridge in 1996 and was a senior U.S. convertible trader, specializing in investment grade bonds and the co-head of European convertibles and equity derivatives.
Doug Fincher is a Portfolio Manager (Since 2013). Mr. Fincher will be responsible for overall portfolio construction and correlation analysis, and together with Messrs. Baum, Radosti and Stone, is responsible for the allocation of the Fund's assets among the four strategies. Mr. Fincher joined Ionic in 2013 to evaluate Ionic's investment strategies in relation to the diversification, leverage and asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act. Prior to joining Ionic, Mr. Fincher was the President and CEO of Rock Maple Funds LLC, a New York based fund of hedge funds from 2008-2012. During his tenure he was also a portfolio manager and served on the firm's investment committee. In 2011 he was instrumental in the launch of registered multi-manager alternative mutual fund in partnership with a large trust bank.
Valuation of Shares
The price of the Fund's shares is based on its NAV per share. The Fund's NAV is computed by adding total assets, subtracting all of the Fund's liabilities, and dividing the result by the total number of shares outstanding.
The NAV of each class of the Fund's shares is determined based on a pro rata allocation of the Fund's investment income, expenses and total capital gains and losses. The Fund's NAV per share is determined each business day as of the regular close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (‘‘NYSE‘'), which is typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. However, if trading on the NYSE closes at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, the Fund's NAV per share typically would still be determined as of the regular close of trading on the NYSE. The Fund does not price its shares on days that the NYSE is closed. Foreign exchanges may permit trading in foreign securities on days when the Fund is not open for business, which may result in the value of the Fund's portfolio investments being affected at a time when you are unable to buy or sell shares.
Equity securities and certain derivative instruments that are traded on an exchange are valued based on market value. Certain derivative instruments (other than short-term securities) usually are valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service. The price of debt securities generally is determined using pricing services or quotes obtained from broker/dealers who may consider a number of inputs and factors, such as comparable characteristics, yield curve, credit spreads, estimated default rates, coupon rates, underlying collateral and estimated cash flow. Investments in other mutual funds are valued at the closing NAV per share of the mutual funds on the day of valuation. Equity securities, including shares of closed-end funds and ETFs, are valued at the last sale price or official closing price.
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The valuation of securities traded on foreign markets and certain fixed income securities will generally be based on prices determined as of the earlier closing time of the markets on which they primarily trade, unless a significant event has occurred. When the Fund holds securities or other assets that are denominated in a foreign currency, the Fund will normally use the currency exchange rates as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
Securities may be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith and pursuant to procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, under certain limited circumstances. For example, fair value pricing will be used when market quotations are not readily available or reliable, as determined by the Manager, such as when (i) trading for a security is restricted or stopped; (ii) a security's trading market is closed (other than customary closings); or (iii) a security has been de-listed from a national exchange. A security with limited market liquidity may require fair value pricing if the Manager determines that the available price does not reflect the security's true market value. In addition, if a significant event that the Manager determines to affect the value of one or more securities held by the Fund occurs after the close of a related exchange but before the determination of the Fund's NAV, fair value pricing may be used on the affected security or securities. Securities of small capitalization companies are also more likely to require a fair value determination using these procedures because they are more thinly traded and less liquid than the securities of larger capitalization companies. The Fund may fair value securities as a result of significant events occurring after the close of the foreign markets in which the Fund invests. In addition, the Fund may invest in illiquid securities requiring these procedures.
Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Manager compares the new market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fund's fair valuation procedures. If any significant discrepancies are found, the Manager may adjust the Fund's fair valuation procedures. You may view the Fund's most recent NAV per share at www.americanbeaconfunds.com by clicking on ‘‘Quick Links'' and then ‘‘Daily NAVs.''
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Prospectus – Fund Management |
About Your Investment
Choosing Your Share Class
The Fund offers various classes of shares. Each share class of the Fund represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities, but each class has its own sales charge and expense structure and combination of purchase restrictions, sales charges and ongoing fees, allowing you to choose the class that best fits your situation.
Factors you should consider when choosing a class of shares include:
How long you expect to own the shares;
How much you intend to invest;
Total expenses associated with owning shares of each class;
Whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges;
Whether you plan to take any distributions in the near future; and
Availability of share classes.
Each investor's financial considerations are different. You should speak with your financial adviser to help you decide which share class is best for you.
A Class Charges and Waivers
The table below shows the amount of sales charges you will pay on purchases of A Class shares of the Fund both as a percentage of offering price and as a percentage of the amount you invest. The sales charge differs depending upon the amount you invest and may be reduced or eliminated for larger purchases as indicated below. If you invest more, the sales charge will be lower.
Any applicable sales charge will be deducted directly from your investment. Because of rounding of the calculation in determining the sales charges, you may pay more or less than what is shown in the table below. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or other distributions are not subject to a front-end sales charge. You may qualify for a reduced sales charge or the sales charge may be waived as described below in ‘‘A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers.''
Amount of Sale/ Account Value |
As a % of Offering Price |
As a % of Investment |
Dealer Commission as a % of Offering Price |
Less than $50,000 |
4.75% |
4.99% |
4.00% |
$50,000 but less than $100,000 |
4.25% |
4.44% |
3.50% |
$100,000 but less than $250,000 |
3.50% |
3.63% |
2.75% |
$250,000 but less than $500,000 |
2.75% |
2.83% |
2.05% |
$500,000 but less than $1 million |
2.00% |
2.04% |
1.50% |
$1 million and above |
0.00% |
0.00% |
|
No initial sales charge applies on purchases of $1,000,000 or more. A CDSC of 0.50% of the offering price will be charged on purchases of $1,000,000 or more that are redeemed in whole or in part within eighteen (18) months of purchase.
See ''Dealer Concessions on A Class Purchases Without a Front-End Sales Charge''.
Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the ''Distributor'') retains any portion of the commissions that are not paid to financial intermediaries to solely pay distribution-related expenses.
A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
A shareholder may qualify for a waiver or reduction in sales charges under certain circumstances. To receive a waiver or reduction in your A Class sales charge, you must advise the Fund's transfer agent, your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of your eligibility at the time of purchase. If you, or your financial intermediary, do not let the Fund's transfer agent know that you are eligible for a reduction, you may not receive a sales charge discount to which you are otherwise entitled.
Waiver of Sales Charges
There is no sales charge if you invest $1 million or more in A Class shares.
Sales charges also may be waived for certain shareholders or transactions, such as:
The Manager or its affiliates;
Present and former directors, trustees, officers, employees of the Manager, the Manager's parent company, and American Beacon Funds (and their ‘‘immediate family'' as defined in the SAI), and retirement plans established by them for their employees;
Registered representatives or employees of intermediaries that have selling agreement with the Fund;
Shares acquired through merger or acquisition;
Insurance company separate accounts;
Employer-sponsored retirement plans;
Dividend reinvestment programs;
Purchases through certain fee-based programs under which investors pay advisory fees that may be offered through selected registered investment advisers, broker-dealers, and other financial intermediaries;
Shareholders that purchase the Fund through a financial intermediary that offers our A Class shares uniformly on a ‘‘no load'' (or reduced load) basis to you and all similarly situated customers of the intermediary in accordance with the intermediary's prescribed fee schedule for purchases of fund shares; and
Reinvestment of proceeds within 90 days of a redemption from A Class account (see Redemption Policies for more information).
The availability of A Class sales charge waivers may depend upon the policies, procedures, and trading platform of your financial intermediary.
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Reduced Sales Charges
Under a ''Rights of Accumulation Program,'' a ''Letter of Intent'' or through ''Concurrent Purchases'' you may be eligible to buy A Class shares of the Fund at the reduced sales charge rates that would apply to a larger purchase. The Fund reserves the right to modify or to cease offering these programs at any time.
This information is available, free of charge, on the Fund's website, www.americanbeaconfunds.com or call (800) 658-5811 or consult with your financial advisor.
Dealer Concessions on A Class Purchases Without a Front-End Sales Charge
Brokers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Fund may receive a dealer concession from the Fund's Distributor of 0.50% of the offering price. If a client or broker is unable to provide account verification on purchases of $1,000,000 or more, the dealer concession will be forfeited by the broker and front-end sales loads will apply. Dealer concessions will not be paid on shares purchased by exchange or shares that were previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer concession. Dealer concessions will be paid only on eligible purchases where the applicability of the CDSC can be monitored. Purchases eligible for sales charge waivers as described under ''A Class Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers'' are not eligible for dealer concessions on purchases of $1,000,000 or more.
Rights of Accumulation Program
Under the Rights of Accumulation Program, you may qualify for a reduced sales charge for A Class shares by aggregating all of your investments held in certain accounts (‘'Qualified Accounts''). The following Qualified Accounts holding any share class of the American Beacon Funds may be grouped together to qualify for the reduced sales charge under the Rights of Accumulation Program or Letter of Intent:
Accounts owned by you, your spouse or your minor children under the age of 21, including trust or other fiduciary accounts in which you, your spouse or your minor children are the beneficiary;
Uniform transfer or gift to minor accounts (‘‘UTMA/UGTMA'');
Individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"), including traditional, Roth, SEP and SIMPLE IRAs; and
Coverdell Education Savings Accounts or qualified 529 plans.
A fiduciary can apply a right of accumulation to all shares purchased for a trust, estate or other fiduciary account that has multiple accounts.
You must notify your financial intermediary or the Fund's transfer agent, in the case of shares held directly with the Fund, at the time of purchase that a purchase qualifies for a reduced sales charge under the Rights of Accumulation Program. In addition, you must provide either a list of account numbers or copies of account statements verifying your qualification. You may combine the historical cost or current value, as of the day prior to your additional American Beacon Funds' purchase (whichever is higher) of your existing American Beacon Funds' mutual fund with the amount of your current purchase in order to take advantage of the reduced sales charge. Historical cost is the price you actually paid for the shares you own, plus your reinvested dividends and other distributions. If you are using historical cost to qualify for a reduced sales charge, you should retain any records to substantiate your historical costs since the Fund, its transfer agent or your financial intermediary may not maintain this information.
If your shares are held through financial intermediaries and/or in a retirement account (such as a 401(k) or employee benefit plan), you may combine the current NAV of your existing American Beacon Funds mutual fund investment with the amount of your current purchase in order to take advantage of the reduced sales charge. You or your financial intermediary must notify the Funds' transfer agent at the time of purchase that a purchase qualifies for a reduced sales charge and provide copies of account statements dated within three months of your current purchase verifying your qualification.
Upon receipt of the above referenced supporting documentation, the financial intermediary or the Fund's transfer agent will calculate the combined value of all of your Qualified Accounts to determine if the current purchase is eligible for a reduced sales charge. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of a dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with purchases for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
Letter of Intent
If you plan to invest at least $50,000 (excluding any reinvestment of dividends and other distributions) during the next 13 months in any class of the Fund, you may qualify for a reduced sales charge for purchases of A Class shares by completing the Letter of Intent section of your account application.
A Letter of Intent indicates your intent to purchase at least $50,000 in any class of the American Beacon Funds over the next 13 months in exchange for a reduced A Class sales charge indicated on the above tables. The minimum initial investment under a Letter of Intent is $2,500. You are not obligated to purchase additional shares if you complete a Letter of Intent. However, if you do not buy enough shares to qualify for the projected level of sales charge by the end of the 13-month period (or when you sell your shares, if earlier), your sales charge will be recalculated to reflect your actual purchase level. During the term of the Letter of Intent, shares representing 5% of your intended purchase will be held in escrow. If you do not purchase enough shares during the 13-month period to qualify for the projected reduced sales charge, the additional sales charge will be deducted from your account. If you have purchased shares of any American Beacon mutual fund within 90 days prior to signing a Letter of Intent, they may be included as part of your intended purchase, however, previous purchase transactions will not be recalculated with the proposed new breakpoint. You must provide either a list of account numbers or copies of account statements verifying your purchases within the past 90 days.
Concurrent Purchases
You may combine simultaneous purchases in shares of any of the American Beacon Funds to qualify for a reduced charge.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (''CDSC'') — A Class Shares
Unless a waiver applies, investors who purchase $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Fund (and, thus, pay no initial sales charge) will be subject to a 0.50% CDSC if those shares are redeemed within 18 months after they are purchased. The CDSC does not apply if you are otherwise eligible to purchase A Class shares without an initial sales charge or are eligible for one of the waivers described herein or in the SAI.
CDSC— C Class Shares
If you redeem C Class shares within 12 months of purchase, you may be charged a CDSC of 1%. The CDSC generally will be deducted from your redemption proceeds. In some circumstances, you may be eligible for one of the waivers described herein or in the SAI. You must advise the transfer agent of your eligibility for a waiver when you place your redemption request.
24 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
How CDSCs will be Calculated
The amount of the CDSC will be based on the NAV of the redeemed shares at the time of the redemption or the original NAV, whichever is lower. Because of the rounding of the calculation in determining the CDSC, you may pay more or less than the indicated rate. Your CDSC holding period is based upon the date of your purchase. The CDSCs will be deducted from the proceeds of your redemption, not from amounts remaining in your account. A CDSC is not imposed on any increase in NAV over the initial purchase price or shares you received through the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares, the Fund will redeem your shares in the following order:
shares acquired by the reinvestment of dividends or other distributions;
other shares that are not subject to the CDSC;
shares held the longest during the holding period.
Waiver of CDSCs — A and C Class Shares
A shareholder may qualify for a CDSC waiver under certain circumstances. To have your CDSC waived, you must advise the Fund's transfer agent, your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of your eligibility at the time of redemption. If you or your financial intermediary do not let the Fund's transfer agent know that you are eligible for a waiver, you may not receive a waiver to which might otherwise be otherwise entitled.
The CDSC may be waived if:
The redemption is due to a shareholder's death or post-purchase disability;
The redemption is from a systematic withdrawal plan and represents no more than 10% of your annual account value;
The redemption is a benefit payment made from a qualified retirement plan, unless the redemption is due to the termination of the plan or the transfer of the plan to another financial institution;
The redemption is for a mandatory withdrawal from a traditional IRA account after age 70 1/2 ;
The redemption is due to involuntary redemptions by the Fund as a result of your account not meeting the minimum balance requirements, the termination and liquidation of the Fund, or other actions;
The redemption is from accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a written agreement with the Distributor (or Manager) allowing this waiver;
The redemption is to return excess contributions made to a retirement plan; or
The redemption is to return contributions made due to a mistake of fact.
The SAI contains further details about the CDSC and the conditions for waiving the CDSC.
Information regarding CDSC waivers for A and C Class shares is available, free of charge, on the Fund's website. Please visit www.americanbeaconfunds.com. You may also call (800) 658-5811 or consult with your financial advisor.
Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions Available Through Certain Financial Intermediaries
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Different intermediaries may impose different sales charges (including potential reductions in or waivers of sales charges). Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, entitled "Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers." Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference (is legally a part of this Prospectus).
In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.
Purchase and Redemption of Shares
Eligibility
The A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares offered in this Prospectus are available to eligible investors who meet the minimum initial investment. American Beacon Funds do not accept accounts registered to foreign individuals or entities, including foreign correspondent accounts. The Fund does not conduct operations and is not offered for purchase outside of the United States.
Subject to your eligibility, you may invest in the Fund directly or through intermediary organizations, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, plan sponsors, third party administrators, and retirement plans.
If you invest directly with the Fund, the fees and policies with respect to the Fund's shares that are outlined in this Prospectus are set by the Fund. The Manager and the Fund are not responsible for determining the suitability of the Fund or share class for any investor.
Because in most cases it is more advantageous for investors using an intermediary to purchase A Class shares than C Class shares for amounts of $1,000,000 or more, the Fund will decline a request to purchase C Class shares for $1,000,000 or more.
If you invest through a financial intermediary, most of the information you will need for managing your investment will come from your financial intermediary. This includes information on how to buy, sell and exchange shares of the Fund. If you establish an account through a financial intermediary, the investment minimums described in this section may not apply. Investors investing in the Fund through a financial intermediary should consult with their financial intermediary to ensure they obtain any proper ''breakpoint'' discount and regarding the differences between available share classes. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary also may charge fees that are in addition to those described in this Prospectus. Please contact your intermediary for information regarding investment minimums, how to purchase and redeem shares and applicable fees.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
25 |
Minimum Initial Investment by Share Class
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Share Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$ 250 |
A; Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$ 250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Investor Class shares are also available to traditional IRA or Roth IRA shareholders investing directly in the Fund. The minimum investment is $2,500. A traditional IRA or Roth IRA invested directly will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15.00 by the Custodian.
The Manager may allow a reasonable period of time after opening an account for a Y Class or Institutional Class investor to meet the initial investment requirement. In addition, for investors such as trust companies and financial advisors who make investments for a group of clients, the minimum initial investment can be met through aggregated purchase orders for more than one client.
Opening an Account
You may open an account through your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. Please contact your financial intermediary for more information on how to open an account. Shares you purchase through your broker-dealer will normally be held in your account with that firm.
To open an account directly with the Fund, a completed, signed application is required. You may obtain an account application from the Fund's website www.americanbeaconfunds.com or by calling 1-800-658-5811. Institutional shareholders should call 1-800-967-9009.
Complete the application, sign it and send it:
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an account, you will be asked for information that will allow the Fund or your financial institution to identify you. Non-public corporations and other entities may be required to provide articles of incorporation, trust or partnership agreements, and Social Security or other taxpayer identification numbers on the account or other documentation. The Fund is required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided.
The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a shareholder's account at the current day's NAV and remit proceeds via check if the Fund or a financial institution is unable to verify the shareholder's identity within three days of account opening.
Purchase Policies
Shares of the Fund are offered and purchase orders are typically accepted until 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) on each day on which the NYSE is open for business. If a purchase order is received by the Fund in good order prior to the Fund's deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share next determined on that day, plus any applicable sales charges. If a purchase order is received in good order after the applicable deadline, the purchase price will be the NAV per share of the following day that the Fund is open for business plus any applicable sales charge. Shares of the Fund will only be issued against full payment, as described more fully in this Prospectus and SAI.
The Fund has authorized certain third party financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, insurance companies, third-party administrators and trust companies, to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund and to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund. The Fund is deemed to have received such orders when they are received by the financial intermediaries or their designees. Thus, an order to purchase or sell Fund shares will be priced at the Fund's next determined NAV after receipt by the financial intermediary or its designee. It is the responsibility of your broker-dealer or financial intermediary to transmit orders that will be received by the Fund in proper form and in a timely manner.
Fund shares may be purchased only in U.S. States and Territories in which they can be legally sold. Prospective investors should inquire as to whether shares of the Fund are available for offer and sale in their jurisdiction. The Fund reserves the right to refuse purchases if, in the judgment of the Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund has the right to reject any purchase order or cease offering any or all classes of shares at any time. Checks to purchase shares are accepted subject to collection at full face value in U.S. funds and must be drawn in U.S. dollars on a U.S. bank. The Fund will not accept ‘‘starter'' checks, credit card checks, money orders, cashier's checks, or third-party checks.
If your payment is not received and collected, your purchase may be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund or the Manager has incurred. Under applicable anti-money laundering regulations and other federal regulations, purchase orders may be suspended, restricted or canceled and the monies may be withheld.
Please refer to the section titled ‘‘Frequent Trading and Market Timing'' for information on the Fund's policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Redemption Policies
If you purchased shares of the Fund through your financial intermediary, please contact your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary to sell shares of the Fund.
The redemption price will be the NAV next determined after a redemption request is received in good order, minus any applicable CDSC and/or redemption fees. In order to receive the redemption price calculated on a particular business day, redemption requests must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first).
26 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
Wire proceeds from redemption requests received in good order by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time or by the close of the NYSE (whichever comes first) generally are transmitted to shareholders on the next day the Fund is open for business. In any event, proceeds from a redemption request will typically be transmitted to a shareholder by no later than seven days after the receipt of a redemption request in good order. Delivery of proceeds from shares purchased by check or pre-authorized automatic investment may be delayed until the funds have cleared, which may take up to ten days.
You may, within 90 days of redemption, reinvest all or part of the proceeds of your redemption of A or C Class shares of the Fund, without incurring any applicable additional sales charge, in the same class of another American Beacon Fund, by sending a written request and a check to your financial intermediary or directly to the Fund. Reinvestment must be into the same account from which you redeemed the shares or received the distribution. Proceeds from a redemption and all dividend payments and other distributions will be reinvested in the same share class from which the original redemption or distribution was made. Reinvestment will be at the NAV next calculated after the Fund receives your request. You must notify the Fund and your financial intermediary at the time of investment if you decide to exercise this privilege.
The Fund reserves the right to suspend redemptions or postpone the date of payment for more than seven days (i) when the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) when trading on the NYSE is restricted; (iii) when the SEC determines that an emergency exists so that disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) by order of the SEC for protection of the Fund's shareholders.
Although the Fund intends to redeem shares in cash, the Fund reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets held by the Fund. To the extent that the Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
Please refer to the section titled ‘‘Frequent Trading and Market Timing'' for information on the Fund's policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Exchange Policies
If you purchased shares of the Fund through your financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary to determine if you may take advantage of the exchange policies described in this section and for its policies to effect an exchange.
Shares of any class of the Fund may be converted to shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund under certain limited circumstances. Since an exchange involves a concurrent redemption and purchase, please review the sections titled ‘‘Redemption Policies'' and ‘‘Purchase Policies'' for additional limitations that apply to redemptions and purchases. There is no front-end sales charge on exchanges between A Class shares of the Fund for A Class shares of another fund. Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC in an exchange to shares of another fund having a CDSC however, shares exchanged between funds that impose a CDSC will be charged a CDSC if redeemed within 12 months or 18 months, as applicable, of the purchase of the initial shares.
Before exchanging shares, shareholders should consider how the exchange may affect any CDSC that might be imposed on the subsequent redemption of remaining shares.
If shares were purchased by check, a shareholder must have owned shares of the redeeming fund for at least ten days prior to exchanging out of one fund and into another.
The eligibility and minimum investment requirement must be met for the class into which the shareholder is exchanging. Fund shares may be acquired through exchange only in U.S. states and Territories in which they can be legally sold. The Fund reserves the right to charge a fee and to modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time. The Fund reserves the right to refuse exchange requests if, in the judgment of the Fund, the transaction would adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. Please refer to the section titled "Frequent Trading and Market Timing" for information on the Fund's policies regarding frequent purchases, redemptions, and exchanges.
Shares of any class of the Fund may be converted to shares of another class of the same fund under certain limited circumstances. For federal income tax purposes, the conversion of shares of one share class of the Fund to shares of a different share class of the Fund will not result in the realization of a capital gain or loss. However, as noted above, an exchange of shares of the Fund for shares of a different American Beacon Fund will be considered a redemption and a concurrent purchase, respectively, and thus may result in a gain or loss for those purposes. There can be no assurance of any particular tax treatment, however, and you are urged and advised to consult with your own tax advisor regarding a share class conversion or exchange of Fund shares.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
27 |
How to Purchase, Redeem or Exchange Shares
If your account is through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, please contact them directly to purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Fund. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary can help you open a new account, review your financial needs and formulate long-term investment goals and objectives. Your broker-dealer or financial intermediary will transmit your request to the Fund and may charge you a fee for this service. The Fund will not accept a purchase order of $1,000,000 or more for C Class shares if the purchase is known to be on behalf of a single investor (not including dealer "street name" or omnibus accounts). Dealers, other financial intermediaries or fiduciaries purchasing shares for their customers are responsible for determining the suitability of a particular share class for an investor. You should include the following information with any order:
Your name/account registration
Your account number
Type of Transaction requested
Fund Name and Fund Numbers
Dollar amount or number of shares
Transactions for direct shareholders are conducted through:
Internet |
www.americanbeaconfunds.com |
|
Phone |
To reach an American Beacon representative call 1-800-658-5811, option 1
Through the Automated Voice Response Service call 1-800-658-5811, option 2 (Investor Class Only)
|
|
|
American Beacon Funds
PO Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
|
Overnight Delivery:
American Beacon Funds
c/o BFDS
330 West 9th Street
Kansas City, MO 64105
|
Purchases by Wire:
Send a bank wire to State Street Bank and Trust Co. with these instructions:
ABA# 0110-0002-8; AC-9905-342-3,
Attn: American Beacon Funds
the fund name and fund number, and
shareholder account number and registration.
Redemption Proceeds will be mailed to account of record or transmitted to commercial bank designated on the account application form.
|
New Account |
Existing Account |
|
Class |
Minimum |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by check/ACH/Exchange |
Purchase/Redemption Minimum by Wire |
C |
$1,000 |
$50 |
$250 |
A, Investor |
$2,500 |
$50 |
$250 |
Y |
$100,000 |
$50 |
None |
Institutional |
$250,000 |
$50 |
None |
Supporting documents may be required for redemptions by estates, trusts, guardianships, custodians, corporations, and welfare, pension and profit sharing plans. Redemption requests must also include authorized signature(s) of all persons required to sign for the account. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions.
To protect the Fund and your account from fraud, a STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantee is required for redemption orders:
with a request to send the proceeds to an address or commercial bank account other than the address or commercial bank account designated on the account application,
for an account whose address has changed within the last 30 days if proceeds are sent by check, or
The Fund only accepts STAMP 2000 Medallion signature guarantees, which may be obtained at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee. Call 1-800-658-5811 for instructions and further assistance.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its affiliates (at their own expense) may pay compensation to financial intermediaries for shareholder-related services and, if applicable, distribution-related services, including administrative, sub-transfer agency type, recordkeeping and shareholder communication services. For example, compensation may be paid to make Fund shares available to sales representatives and/or customers of a fund supermarket platform or similar program sponsor or for services provided in connection with such fund supermarket platforms and programs.
The amount of compensation paid to different financial intermediaries may differ. The compensation paid to a financial intermediary may be based on a variety of factors, including average assets under management in accounts distributed and/or serviced by the financial intermediary, gross sales by the financial intermediary and/or the number of accounts serviced by the financial intermediary that invest in the Fund. To the extent that the Fund pays any such compensation, it is designed to compensate the financial intermediary for providing services that would otherwise be provided by the Manager, the Fund or its transfer agent. To the extent the Fund affiliate pays such compensation, it would likely include amounts from that affiliate's own resources and constitute what is sometimes referred to as ''revenue sharing.''
Compensation received by a financial intermediary from the Manager or another Fund affiliate may include payments for marketing and/or training expenses incurred by the financial intermediary, including expenses incurred by the financial intermediary in educating (itself and) its salespersons with respect to Fund shares. For example, such compensation may include reimbursements for expenses incurred in attending educational seminars regarding the Fund, including
28 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
travel and lodging expenses. It may also cover costs incurred by financial intermediaries in connection with their efforts to sell Fund shares, including costs incurred compensating (registered) sales representatives and preparing, printing and distributing sales literature.
Any compensation received by a financial intermediary, whether from the Fund or its affiliate(s), and the prospect of receiving it may provide the financial intermediary with an incentive to recommend the shares of the Fund, or a certain class of shares of the Fund, over other potential investments. Similarly, the compensation may cause financial intermediaries to elevate the prominence of the Fund within its organization by, for example, placing it on a list of preferred funds. You should ask your financial intermediary for details about any such payments it receives from the Manager or the Distributor, or any other fees, expenses, or commissions your financial intermediary may charge you in addition to those disclosed in this Prospectus.
General Policies
If a shareholder's account balance falls below the following minimum levels, the shareholder may be asked to increase the balance.
Share Class |
Account Balance |
A |
$ 2,500 |
C |
$ 1,000 |
Investor |
$ 2,500 |
Y |
$25,000 |
Institutional |
$75,000 |
If the account balance remains below the applicable minimum account balance after 45 days, the Fund reserves the right to close the account and send the proceeds to the shareholder. A traditional IRA or a Roth IRA will be charged an annual maintenance fee of $15.00 by the Custodian. The Fund reserves the authority to modify minimum account balances in its discretion.
A Signature Validation Program (‘‘SVP'') stamp may be required in order to change an account's registration or banking instructions. You may obtain a SVP stamp at participating banks, broker-dealers and credit unions, but not from a notary public. The SVP stamp is analogous to the STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantee in that it is provided at similar institutions. However, it is used only for non-financial transactions.
The following policies apply to instructions you may provide to the Fund by telephone:
The Fund, its officers, trustees, employees, or agents are not responsible for the authenticity of instructions provided by telephone, nor for any loss, liability, cost or expense incurred for acting on them.
The Fund employs procedures reasonably designed to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine.
Due to the volume of calls or other unusual circumstances, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement during certain time periods.
The Fund reserves the right to:
liquidate a shareholder's account at the current day's NAV and remit proceeds via check if the Fund or a financial institution are unable to verify the shareholder's identity within three business days of account opening,
seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by the Fund if payment for the purchase of Fund shares by check does not clear the shareholder's bank, and
reject a purchase order and seek reimbursement from the shareholder for any related loss incurred by the Fund if funds are not received by the applicable wire deadline.
A shareholder will not be required to pay a CDSC when the registration for A Class or C Class shares is transferred to the name of another person or entity. The transfer may occur by absolute assignment, gift or bequest, as long as it does not involve, directly or indirectly, a public sale of the shares. When A Class or C Class shares are transferred, any applicable CDSC will continue to apply to the transferred shares and will be calculated as if the transferee had acquired the shares in the same manner and at the same time as the transferring shareholder.
Escheatment
Certain state escheatment laws may require the Fund to turn over your mutual fund account to the state listed in your account registration as abandoned property unless you contact the Fund. Many states have added ‘‘inactivity'' or the absence of customer initiated contact as a component of their rules and guidelines for the escheatment of unclaimed property. These states consider property to be abandoned when there is no shareholder initiated activity on an account for at least three (3) to five (5) years.
Depending on the laws in your jurisdiction, customer initiated contact might be achieved by one of the following methods:
Send a letter to American Beacon Funds via the United States Post Office,
Speak to a Customer Service Representative on the phone after you go through a security verification process. For residents of certain states, contact cannot be made by phone but must be in writing or through the Fund's secure web application,
Access your account through the Fund's secure web application,
Cashing checks that are received and are made payable to the owner of the account.
The Fund, the Manager, and the Transfer Agent will not be liable to shareholders or their representatives for good faith compliance with escheatment laws. To learn more about the escheatment rules for your particular state, please contact your attorney or State Treasurer's and/or Controller's Offices. If you do not hold your shares directly with the Fund, you should contact your broker-dealer, retirement plan, or other third-party intermediary regarding applicable state escheatment laws.
Contact information:
American Beacon Funds
Prospectus
– About Your Investment
29
P.O. Box 219643
Kansas City, MO 64121-9643
1-800-658-5811
www.americanbeaconfunds.com
Frequent Trading and Market Timing
Frequent trading by Fund shareholders poses risks to other shareholders in the Fund, including (i) the dilution of the Fund's NAV, (ii) an increase in the Fund's expenses, and (iii) interference with the portfolio manager's ability to execute efficient investment strategies. Frequent, short-term trading of Fund shares in an attempt to profit from day-to-day fluctuations in the Fund's NAV is known as market timing.
The Fund's Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures intended to discourage frequent trading and market timing. Shareholders may transact one ‘‘round trip'' in the Fund in any rolling 90-day period. A ‘‘round trip'' is defined as two transactions, each in an opposite direction. A round trip may involve either (i) a purchase or exchange into the Fund followed by a redemption or exchange out of the Fund or (ii) a redemption or exchange out of the Fund followed by a purchase or exchange into the Fund. If the Manager detects that a shareholder has exceeded one round trip in the Fund in any rolling 90-day period, the Manager, without prior notice to the shareholder, may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases of the Fund. In general, the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, terminate the exchange privilege, or liquidate the account of any shareholder that the Manager determines has engaged in frequent trading or market timing, regardless of whether the shareholder's activity violates any policy stated in this Prospectus. Additionally, the Manager may in its discretion, reject any purchase or exchange into the Fund from any individual investor, institutional investor, or group whose trading activity could disrupt the management of the Fund or dilute the value of the Fund's shares, including collective trading (e.g., following the advice of an investment newsletter). Such investors may be barred from future purchases of American Beacon Funds.
The round-trip limit does not apply to the following transaction types:
shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and other distributions;
systematic purchases and redemptions;
shares redeemed to return excess IRA contributions; or
certain transactions made within a retirement or employee benefit plan, such as payroll contributions, minimum required distributions, loans, and hardship withdrawals, or other transactions that are initiated by a party other than the plan participant.
Financial intermediaries that offer Fund shares, such as broker-dealers, third-party administrators of retirement plans, and trust companies, will be asked to enforce the Fund's policies to discourage frequent trading and market timing by investors. However, certain intermediaries that offer Fund shares have informed the Fund that they are currently unable to enforce the Fund's policies on an automated basis. In those instances, the Manager will monitor trading activity of the intermediary in an attempt to detect patterns of activity that indicate frequent trading or market timing by underlying investors. In some cases, intermediaries that offer Fund shares have their own policies to deter frequent trading and market timing that differ from the Fund's policies. The Fund may defer to an intermediary's policies. For more information, please contact the financial intermediary through which you invest in the Fund.
The Manager monitors trading activity in the Fund to attempt to identify shareholders engaged in frequent trading or market timing. The Manager may exclude transactions below a certain dollar amount from monitoring and may change that dollar amount from time to time. The ability of the Manager to detect frequent trading and market timing activity by investors who own shares through an intermediary is dependent upon the intermediary's provision of information necessary to identify transactions by the underlying investors. The Fund has entered into agreements with the intermediaries that service the Fund's investors, pursuant to which the intermediaries agree to provide information on investor transactions to the Fund and to act on the Fund's instructions to restrict transactions by investors who the Manager has identified as having violated the Fund's policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing.
Wrap programs offered by certain intermediaries may be designated ‘‘Qualified Wrap Programs'' by the Fund based on specific criteria established by the Fund and a certification by the intermediary that the criteria have been met. A Qualified Wrap Program is a wrap program whose sponsoring intermediary: (i) certifies that it has investment discretion over $50 million or more in client assets invested in mutual funds at the time of the certification, (ii) certifies that it directs transactions in accounts participating in the wrap program(s) in concert with changes in a model portfolio, (iii) provides the Manager a description of the wrap program(s), and (iv) managed by an intermediary that agrees to provide the Manager sufficient information to identify individual accounts in the intermediary's wrap program(s). For purposes of applying the round-trip limit, transactions initiated by clients invested in a Qualified Wrap Program will not be matched to transactions initiated by the intermediary sponsoring the Qualified Wrap Program. For example, a client's purchase of the Fund followed within 90 days by the intermediary's redemption of the same Fund would not be considered a round trip. However, transactions initiated by a Qualified Wrap Program client are subject to the round-trip limit and will be matched to determine if the client has exceeded the round-trip limit. In addition, the Manager will monitor transactions initiated by Qualified Wrap Program intermediaries to determine whether any intermediary has engaged in frequent trading or market timing. If the Manager determines that an intermediary has engaged in activity that is harmful to the Fund, the Manager will revoke the intermediary's Qualified Wrap Program status. Upon termination of status as a Qualified Wrap Program, all account transactions will be matched for purposes of testing compliance with the Fund's frequent trading and market timing policies, including any applicable redemption fees.
The Fund reserves the right to modify the frequent trading and market timing policies and procedures and grant or eliminate waivers to such policies and procedures at any time without advance notice to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund's policies and procedures to deter frequent trading and market timing will have the intended effect nor that the Manager will be able to detect frequent trading and market timing.
Distributions and Taxes
The Fund annually distributes most or all of its net earnings and realized gains, if any, in the form of dividends from net investment income ("dividends") and distributions of realized net capital gains ("capital gain distributions") and net gains from foreign currency transactions (sometimes referred to below collectively as "other distributions") (and dividends and other distributions are sometimes referred to below collectively as "distributions"). Different tax treatment applies to different types of distributions (as described in the table below).
The Fund does not have a fixed dividend rate or guarantee that it will pay any distributions in any particular period. Distributions paid by the Fund with respect to each class of shares are calculated in the same manner and at the same time, but dividends on different classes of shares may be different as a result of the services and/or fees applicable to certain classes of shares.
Options for Receiving Dividends and Other Distributions
When you open your Fund account, you can specify on your application how you want to receive distributions. To change that option, you must notify the transfer agent. Unless you instruct otherwise in your account application, distributions payable to you will be reinvested in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund. There are four payment options available:
Reinvest All Distributions. You can elect to reinvest all distributions in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund.
Reinvest Only Some Distributions. You can elect to reinvest some types of distributions in additional shares of the distributing class of the Fund while receiving the other types of distributions by check or having them sent directly to your bank account by ACH ("in cash").
30 |
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
Receive All Distributions in Cash. You can elect to receive all distributions in cash.
Reinvest Your Distributions in another American Beacon Fund. You can reinvest all of your distributions by the Fund on a particular class of shares in shares of the same class of another American Beacon Fund that is available for exchanges. You must have an existing account in the same share class of the selected fund.
If you invest directly with the Fund, any election to receive distributions payable by check will only apply to distributions totaling $10.00 or more. Any distribution totaling less than $10.00 will be reinvested in shares of the distributing class of the Fund and will not be paid to you by check. This policy does not apply to you if you have elected to receive distributions that are paid in cash.
If you elect to receive a distribution by check and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if your check remains uncashed for at least six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the amount of your check, and to reinvest all subsequent distributions, in shares of the distributing class of the Fund at the NAV per share on the day of the reinvestment. Interest will not accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution or redemption checks.
Shareholders investing in the Fund through a financial intermediary should discuss their options for receiving distributions with the intermediary.
Taxes
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders other than tax-qualified retirement accounts and other tax-exempt investors. However, the portion of the Fund's dividends derived from its investments in U.S. Government obligations, if any, is generally exempt from state and local income taxes. The following table outlines the typical status of transactions in taxable accounts:
Type of Transaction |
Federal Tax Status |
Dividends from net investment income * |
Ordinary income ** |
Distributions of the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss * |
Ordinary income |
Distributions of net gains from certain foreign currency transactions * |
Ordinary income |
Distributions of the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss ("net capital gain'') * |
Long-term capital gains |
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for more than one year |
Long-term capital gains or losses |
Redemptions or exchanges of shares owned for one year or less |
Net gains are taxed at the same rate as ordinary income; net losses are subject to special rules |
* Whether reinvested or taken in cash.
** Except for dividends that are attributable to ‘‘qualified dividend income'' (as described below), if any.
To the extent distributions are attributable to net capital gain that the Fund recognizes on sales or exchanges of capital assets, they are subject to a 15% maximum federal income tax rate for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an ‘‘individual'') (20% for individuals with taxable income exceeding certain thresholds, which are indexed for inflation annually), regardless of how long the shareholder held his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the dividends the Fund pays to individuals may be ‘‘qualified dividend income'' (‘‘QDI'') and thus eligible for the preferential rates that apply to net capital gain. QDI is the aggregate of dividends the Fund receives on shares of most domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations with respect to which the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other restrictions. To be eligible for those rates, a shareholder must meet similar restrictions with respect to his or her Fund shares.
A portion of the distributions the Fund pays may also be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations ("DRD"), subject to similar holding period and other restrictions, but the eligible portion may not exceed the aggregate dividends the Fund receives from domestic corporations only. However, dividends that a corporate shareholder receives and deducts pursuant to the DRD may be subject indirectly to the federal alternative minimum tax.
The Fund does not expect a substantial part of its dividends to qualify as QDI or be eligible for the DRD.
A shareholder may realize a taxable gain or loss when redeeming or exchanging shares. That gain or loss is treated as a short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending on how long the redeemed or exchanged shares were held. Any capital gain an individual recognizes on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% and 20% tax rates mentioned above.
A shareholder who wants to use an acceptable basis determination method with respect to his or her Fund shares other than the average basis method (the Fund's default method) must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. The Fund, or its administrative agent, must report to the Internal Revenue Service and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for dispositions of Fund shares. See "Tax Information" in the SAI for a description of the rules regarding that election and the Fund's reporting obligation.
An individual must pay a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the individual's ‘‘net investment income,'' which generally includes distributions the Fund pays and net gains realized on a redemption or exchange of Fund shares, or (2) the excess of the individual's ‘‘modified adjusted gross income'' over a threshold amount ($250,000 for married persons filing jointly and $200,000 for single taxpayers). This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. A similar tax applies to estates and trusts. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, this tax may have on their investment in Fund shares.
Each year, the Fund's shareholders will receive tax information to assist them in preparing their income tax returns.
The foregoing is only a summary of some of the important federal income tax considerations that may affect Fund shareholders, who should consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to the effect of federal, state and local income taxes on an investment in the Fund.
Prospectus – About Your Investment |
31 |
Additional Information
The Fund's Board of Trustees oversees generally the operations of the Fund. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others, the Fund's manager, sub-advisor, custodian, transfer agent, and accountants, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to any such contractual arrangements and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any shareholder any right to enforce them directly against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them directly against the service providers.
This Prospectus provides information concerning the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase Fund shares. Neither this Prospectus nor the Statement of Additional Information is intended, or should be read, to be or create an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Fund and any investor, or to create any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived. Nothing in this Prospectus, the Statement of Additional Information or the Fund's reports to shareholders is intended to provide investment advice and should not be construed as investment advice.
Distribution and Service Plans
The Fund has adopted separate Distribution Plans for its A Class and C Class shares in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which allows the A Class and C Class shares to pay distribution and other fees for the sale of Fund shares and for other services provided to shareholders. Each Plan also authorizes the use of any fees received by the Manager in accordance with the Management Agreement, and any fees received by the sub-advisors pursuant to their Investment Advisory Agreements with the Manager, to be used for the sale and distribution of Fund shares. The Plans provide that the A Class shares of the Fund will pay up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to the A Class and the C Class shares of the Fund will pay up to 1.00% per annum of the average daily net assets attributable to the C Class, to the Manager (or another entity approved by the Board).
The Fund has also adopted a shareholder services plan for its A Class, C Class and Investor Class shares for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries. The shareholder services plan authorizes annual payment of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to the A Class shares, up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to the C Class shares, up to 0.375% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Investor Class shares. The Fund may also make annual payments of up to 0.10% of the average daily net assets attributable to the Y Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class and Institutional Class shares of the Fund. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund's A Class, C Class, Y Class, Investor Class and Institutional Class assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment.
Portfolio Holdings
A complete list of the Fund's holdings is made available on the Fund's website on a quarterly basis approximately sixty days after the end of each calendar quarter and remains available for six months thereafter. To access the holdings information, go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com.
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of portfolio holdings is available in the Fund's SAI, which you may access on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com or call 1-800-658-5811 to request a free copy.
Delivery of Documents
If you are interested in electronic delivery of the Fund's summary prospectus and shareholder reports, please go to www.americanbeaconfunds.com and click on ‘‘Resource Center'' and then ‘‘Register for E-Delivery.''
To reduce expenses, your financial institution may mail only one copy of the summary prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please contact your financial institution. Delivery of individual copies will commence thirty days after receiving your request.
32 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Financial Highlights
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund's financial performance for the past five fiscal years (or, if shorter, the period of the Fund's operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the Fund's table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and other distributions). The information in the financial highlights has been derived from the Fund's financial statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, is included in the Fund's Annual Report, which you may obtain upon request.
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Institutional Class |
|||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
June 30 D to December 31, |
||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$9.89 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment income |
0.16 |
|
0.04 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
(0.02 |
) |
0.11 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.14 |
|
0.15 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.45 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.52 |
) |
(0.20 |
) |
||||
Total distributions |
(0.97 |
) |
(0.26 |
) |
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$9.06 |
|
$9.89 |
|
||||
Total return A |
1.39 |
% |
1.46 |
% C |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$105,989,910 |
|
$63,421,998 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
3.14 |
% |
3.55 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
1.57 |
% |
2.25 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
3.10 |
% |
2.84 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
1.54 |
% |
1.54 |
% B |
||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements |
1.05 |
% |
(0.31 |
%) B |
||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements |
1.09 |
% |
0.40 |
% B |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
436 |
% |
159 |
% C |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
Commencement of Operations. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
33 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Y Class |
|||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
June 30 D to December 31, |
||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$9.90 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment income |
0.10 |
|
0.06 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
0.03 |
|
0.10 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.13 |
|
0.16 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.45 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.52 |
) |
(0.20 |
) |
||||
Total distributions |
(0.97 |
) |
(0.26 |
) |
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$9.06 |
|
$9.90 |
|
||||
Total return A |
1.28 |
% |
156 |
% C |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$61,253,803 |
|
$26,059,687 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
3.31 |
% |
3.83 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
1.64 |
% |
2.21 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
3.30 |
% |
3.27 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
1.64 |
% |
1.64 |
% B |
||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements |
0.88 |
% |
0.83 |
% B |
||||
Net investment income, net of reimbursements |
0.88 |
% |
1.40 |
% B |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
436 |
% |
159 |
% C |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
Commencement of Operations. |
34 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Investor Class |
|||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
June 30 D to December 31, |
||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$9.88 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment income |
0.30 |
|
0.02 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
(0.20 |
) |
0.12 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.10 |
|
0.14 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.45 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.52 |
) |
(0.20 |
) |
||||
Total distributions |
(0.97 |
) |
(0.26 |
) |
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$9.01 |
|
$9.88 |
|
||||
Total return A |
0.98 |
% |
1.36 |
% C |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$3,339,009 |
|
$2,186,944 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
3.47 |
% |
4.23 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
1.88 |
% |
2.92 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
3.50 |
% |
3.23 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
1.92 |
% |
1.92 |
% B |
||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements |
0.32 |
% |
(1.52 |
%) B |
||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements |
0.29 |
% |
(0.53 |
%) B |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
436 |
% |
159 |
% C |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
Commencement of Operations. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
35 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
A Class |
|||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
June 30 D to December 31, |
||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$9.88 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment income |
0.07 |
|
0.08 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
0.03 |
|
0.06 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.10 |
|
0.14 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.45 |
) |
(0.06 |
) |
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.52 |
) |
(0.20 |
) |
||||
Total distributions |
(0.97 |
) |
(0.26 |
) |
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$9.01 |
|
$9.88 |
|
||||
Total return A |
0.98 |
% |
1.36 |
% C |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$115,308 |
|
$115,261 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
3.65 |
% |
7.35 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
2.01 |
% |
5.93 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
3.58 |
% |
3.37 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
1.94 |
% |
1.94 |
% B |
||||
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements |
0.27 |
% |
(3.54 |
%) B |
||||
Net investment income (loss), net of reimbursements |
0.34 |
% |
0.44 |
% B |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
436 |
% |
159 |
% C |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
Commencement of Operations. |
36 |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
C Class |
|||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
June 30 D to December 31, |
||||||
For a share outstanding throughout the period: |
2016 |
2015 |
||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$9.85 |
|
$10.00 |
|
||||
Income from investment operations: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net investment income |
(0.01 |
) |
0.05 |
|
||||
Net gains (losses) from investments (both realized and unrealized) |
0.03 |
|
0.05 |
|
||||
Total income (loss) from investment operations |
0.02 |
|
0.10 |
|
||||
Less distributions: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.45 |
) |
(0.05 |
) |
||||
Distributions from net realized gains |
(0.52 |
) |
(0.20 |
) |
||||
Total distributions |
(0.97 |
) |
(0.25 |
) |
||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$8.90 |
|
$9.85 |
|
||||
Total return A |
0.17 |
% |
1.00 |
% C |
||||
Ratios and supplemental data: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Net assets, end of period |
$152,859 |
|
$131,408 |
|
||||
Ratios to average net assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements |
4.40 |
% |
8.14 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, before reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
2.75 |
% |
6.72 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements |
4.34 |
% |
4.11 |
% B |
||||
Expenses, net of reimbursements, excluding non-operating expenses |
2.69 |
% |
2.69 |
% B |
||||
Net investment (loss), before reimbursements |
(0.46 |
%) |
(4.30 |
%) B |
||||
Net investment (loss), net of reimbursements |
(0.40 |
%) |
(0.28 |
%) B |
||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
436 |
% |
159 |
% C |
A |
Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee, or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable. May include adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP and as such, the net asset value for reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. |
B |
Not Annualized. |
C |
Annualized. |
D |
Commencement of Operations. |
Prospectus – Additional Information |
37 |
Additional Information
Additional information about the Fund is found in the documents listed below. Request a free copy of these documents by calling 1-800-658-5811 or you may access them on the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com.
Annual Report/Semi-Annual Report
The Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Reports list the Fund's actual investments as of the report's date. They also include a
discussion by the Manager of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance.
The report of the Fund's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is included in the Annual Report.
Statement of Additional Information (''SAI'')
The SAI contains more details about the Fund and its investment policies. The SAI is incorporated in this Prospectus by reference (it is legally part of this Prospectus). A current SAI is on file with the SEC.
Appendix A to the Prospectus – Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Appendix A contains more information about specific sales charge discounts and waivers available for shareholders who purchase Fund shares through a specific financial intermediary. Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference (is legally a part of this Prospectus).
To obtain more information about the Fund or to request a copy of the documents listed above:
By Telephone: |
Call
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By Mail: |
American Beacon Funds
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By E-mail: |
americanbeaconfunds@ambeacon.com |
On the Internet: |
Visit our website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com
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The SAI and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic mail to publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520. The SAI and other information about the Fund may also be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room. Information on the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.
American Beacon is a registered service mark of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. The American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund are service marks of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
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SEC File Number 811-04984
Appendix A
INTERMEDIARY SALES CHARGE DISCOUNTS AND WAIVERS
Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or CDSC waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive any applicable waivers or discounts. Please see the section entitled "Choosing Your Share Class" for more information on sales charges and waivers available for different classes.
The information in this Appendix is part of, and incorporated into, the Fund's prospectus.
A CLASS AND C CLASS PURCHASES THROUGH MERRILL LYNCH
Effective April 10, 2017, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund's prospectus or SAI.
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on A Class Shares available at Merrill Lynch
Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission- based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan.
Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan.
Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program.
Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch's platform.
Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable).
Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family).
Shares exchanged from C Class (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date.
Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members.
Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Fund's investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this Prospectus.
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).
CDSC Waivers on A Class and C Class Shares available at Merrill Lynch
Death or disability of the shareholder
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund's Prospectus
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½
Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement
Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to certain fee based accounts or platforms (applicable to A Class and C Class shares only)
Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent
Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.
Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets
Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable)
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Statement of Additional Information
April 28, 2017
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American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
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This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated April 28, 2017 (the "Prospectus") for the American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund (the "Fund"), a series of American Beacon Funds, a Massachusetts business trust. Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 658-5811. You also may obtain copies of the Prospectus without charge by visiting the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Fund's Prospectus. In other words, it is legally a part of the Prospectus. This SAI is not a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the current Prospectus. Capitalized terms in this SAI have the same definition as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise defined.
The Fund's Annual Report to shareholders for the period ended December 31, 2016 and the financial statements and accompanying notes appearing therein are incorporated by reference in this SAI. Copies of the Fund's Annual Report may be obtained, without charge, upon request by calling (800) 658-5811 or visiting www.americanbeaconfunds.com.
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Additional Information About Investment Strategies and Risks |
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Additional Information Regarding Contingent Deferred Sales Charges |
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ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY OF THE FUND
The Fund is a separate series of the American Beacon Funds (the "Trust"), an open- end management investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust on January 16, 1987. The Fund constitutes a separate investment portfolio with a distinct investment objective and distinct purpose and strategy. The Fund is non-diversified. The Fund is comprised of multiple classes of shares designed to meet the needs of different groups of investors. This SAI relates to the A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares of the Fund.
NON-DIVERSIFIED STATUS
The Fund is "non-diversified" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"), which means that the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in a more limited number of issuers than a diversified fund. An investment in the Fund may present greater risk to an investor than an investment in a diversified portfolio because changes in the financial condition or market assessment of a single issuer, or the effects of a single economic, political or regulatory event, may cause greater fluctuations in the value of its shares. Although the Fund is non-diversified under the Investment Company Act, it is subject to the diversification rules of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"), that apply to all "regulated investment companies" ("RICs"). These rules provide that, among the requirements to maintain the favorable tax treatment applicable to RICs, the Fund may not acquire a security if, as a result, with respect to 50% of the value of its total assets, more than 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets would be invested in the securities of a single issuer or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer would be held by the Fund. With respect to the remaining 50% of the value of its total assets, the Fund is limited to holding no more than 25% of its total asset value in the securities of any one issuer, the securities of any two or more issuers that the Fund controls (by owning 20% or more of their voting power) and that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. These limits apply only as of the end of each quarter of the Fund's taxable (fiscal) year and do not apply to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or by other RICs.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The investment objective and principal investment strategies and risks of the Fund are described in the Prospectus. This section contains additional information about the Fund's investment policies and risks and types of investments the Fund may purchase. The composition of the Fund's portfolio and the strategies that the Fund may use in selecting investments may vary over time. The Fund is not required to use all of the investment strategies described below in pursuing its investment objective. It may use some of the investment strategies only at some times or it may not use them at all.
Bank Deposit Notes — Bank deposit notes are obligations of a bank, rather than bank holding company corporate debt. The only structural difference between bank deposit notes and certificates of deposit is that interest on bank deposit notes is calculated on a 30/360 basis, as are corporate notes/bonds. Similar to certificates of deposit, deposit notes represent bank level investments and, therefore, are senior to all holding company corporate debt.
Borrowing Risks — The Fund may borrow money in an amount up to one-third of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) from banks and other financial institutions. The Fund may borrow for temporary purposes or to facilitate short sales. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") and in its total return. Interest expense and other fees associated with borrowing may reduce the Fund's return.
Cash Equivalents — Cash equivalents include certificates of deposit, time deposits, bearer deposit notes, bankers' acceptances, government obligations, commercial paper, short-term corporate debt securities and repurchase agreements.
Bankers' acceptances are short-term credit instruments designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then "accepted" by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Certificates of deposit ("CDs") are issued against funds deposited in an eligible bank (including its domestic and foreign branches, subsidiaries and agencies), are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. U.S. dollar denominated CDs issued by banks abroad are known as Eurodollar CDs. CDs issued by foreign branches of U.S. banks are known as Yankee CDs.
Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
Commodity Instruments — Exposure to physical commodities may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of such investments may be affected by overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as supply and demand, drought, floods, weather, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments. Their value may also respond to investor perception of instability in the national or international economy, whether or not justified by the facts. However, these investments may help to moderate fluctuations in the value of the Fund's other holdings, because these investments may not correlate with investments in traditional securities. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for commodities, which may reduce market prices and cause the value of the Fund's shares to fall. No active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments, which may impair the ability of the Fund to sell or realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. Certain commodities are subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks and result in greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Because physical commodities do not generate investment income, the return on such investments will be derived solely from the appreciation or depreciation on such investments. Certain types of commodities instruments (such as commodity-linked swaps and commodity-linked structured notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.
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The Fund will not qualify as a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code") ("RIC") in any taxable year in which more than 10% of its annual gross income consists of certain "non-qualifying" income, which includes gains resulting from selling physical commodities (or options or futures contracts thereon unless the gain is realized from certain hedging transactions) and certain other non-passive income. See the section entitled "Additional Tax Information." The Fund's investment in securities backed by, or in non-corporate entities that invest in, physical commodities, other than shares of a wholly-owned subsidiary, generally would produce income that would be subject to this 10% limitation. To remain within this limitation, the Fund may hold such an investment or sell it at a loss, or sell other investments, when for investment reasons it would not otherwise do so. The availability of such measures does not guarantee that the Fund would be able to satisfy the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code to continue to qualify as a RIC.
Contracts for Differences — A contract for difference is a contract which one party agrees to pay the other party an amount of money based on the difference between the current value of a security or instrument and its value on a specified date in the future.
Contracts for differences are similar to total return swaps and allow the Fund to take a long or short position without having to own the reference security or index.
Cover and Asset Segregation — The Fund may make investments or employ trading practices that obligate the Fund, on a fixed or contingent basis, to deliver an asset or make a cash payment to another party in the future. The Fund will comply with guidance from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") with respect to coverage of certain investments and trading practices. This guidance requires segregation (which may include earmarking) by the Fund of cash or liquid assets with its custodian or a designated sub-custodian to the extent the Fund's obligations with respect to these strategies are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of the underlying security or financial instrument or by offsetting portfolio positions.
For example, if the Fund enters into a currency forward contract to sell foreign currency on a future date, the Fund may cover its obligation to deliver the foreign currency by segregating cash or liquid assets having a value at least equal to the value of the deliverable currency on a marked to market basis. Alternatively, the Fund could cover its obligation by entering into an offsetting transaction to acquire, on or before the date such foreign currency must be delivered, an amount of foreign currency at least equal to the deliverable amount at a price at or below the sale price to be received by the Fund under the currency forward contract.
The Fund's approach to asset coverage may vary among different types of transactions. For example, if the Fund's forward obligation on the transaction is only to make a cash payment equal to the amount, if any, by which the value of the Fund's position is less than that of its counterparty, the Fund will segregate cash or liquidate assets equal to that difference calculated on a daily marked-to-market basis (a "net amount"). Additionally, if the Fund is a protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, usually will segregate assets equal to the full notional value of the swap. If the Fund is protection buyer in a credit default swap, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, it usually will cover the total amount of required premium payments plus the prepayment penalty. With respect to certain investments, the Fund calculates the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a "net basis" (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Under such circumstances, the Fund's current obligations will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid by the Fund based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the "net amount").
Inasmuch as the Fund covers its obligations under these transactions as described above, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") and the Fund believe such obligations do not constitute senior securities. Earmarking or otherwise segregating a large percentage of the Fund's assets could impede the sub-advisor's ability to manage the Fund's portfolio.
Currencies Risk — The Fund may have significant exposure to foreign currencies for investment or hedging purposes by making direct investments in non- U.S. currencies or in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency exchange contracts in non-U.S. or emerging market currencies, non-U.S. currency futures contracts, options on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures and swaps for cross-currency investments.
Foreign currencies may decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund's investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.
Custody Risk — The Fund may invest in markets that are less developed than those in the U.S., which may expose the Fund to risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and the holding of securities by foreign banks, agents and depositories. Investments in frontier and emerging markets may be subject to greater custody risks than investments in more developed markets.
Cyber-Security Risk — With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund or the sub-advisor, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, result in the loss or theft of customer data or funds, impact the Fund's ability to calculate its net asset value ("NAV"), cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. A cyber-attack may also result in customers or employees being unable to access electronic systems ("denial of services"), loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or network system, or remediation costs associated with system repairs. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber-security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber-security risks are also present for issues or securities in which the Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund's investment in such companies to lose value.
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Any of these results could have a substantial adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders. For example, if a cyber-security incident results in a denial of service, Fund shareholders could lose access to their electronic accounts and be unable to buy or sell Fund shares for an unknown period of time, and employees could be unable to access electronic systems to perform critical duties for the Fund, such as trading, NAV calculation, shareholder accounting or fulfillment of Fund share purchases and redemptions. Cyber-security incidents could cause the Fund or Fund service provider to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures, or financial loss of a significant magnitude and could result in allegations that the Fund or Fund service provider violated privacy and other laws. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber-security incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions and other parties. Although the Fund, its Manager, and the sub-advisor endeavor to determine that service providers have established risk management systems that seek to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity, and business continuity plans in the event there is a cyber-security breach, there are inherent limitations in these systems and plans, including the possibility that certain risks may not have been identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. Furthermore, the Fund does not control the cyber-security systems and plans of the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests or the Fund's third party service providers or trading counterparties or any other service providers whose operations may affect the Fund or its shareholders.
Debentures — Debentures are unsecured debt securities. The holder of a debenture is protected only by the general creditworthiness of the issuer.
Derivatives — Generally a derivative is a financial arrangement, the value of which is based on, or "derived" from, a traditional security, asset, currency, or market index. Some derivatives such as mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are in many respects like any other investment, although they may be more volatile or less liquid than more traditional debt securities. There are, in fact, many different types of derivatives and many different ways to use them. Certain derivative securities are described more accurately as index/structured securities. Index/structured securities are derivative securities whose value or performance is linked to other equity securities (such as depositary receipts), currencies, interest rates, indices or other financial indicators (reference assets).
The Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, including among others, options (including non-deliverable options), futures, forward currency and other forwards (including non-deliverable forwards), warrants, structured products (including credit-linked and structured notes), interest rate caps, floors, collars, reverse collars, and other derivative instruments. The enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") resulted in historic and comprehensive reform relating to derivatives, including the manner in which they are entered into, reported, recorded, executed, and settled or cleared. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") have promulgated a broad range of new regulations with respect to security-based swaps (e.g., derivatives based on a single security or narrow-based securities index) which are regulated by the SEC, and other swaps which are regulated by the CFTC and the markets in which these instruments trade.
Prior to 2012, advisers of registered investment companies like the Fund that trade commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, non-deliverable forwards and swaps), were excluded from regulation as commodity pool operators ("CPOs") pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5. In 2012, the CFTC amended Regulation 4.5 to dramatically narrow this exclusion. Under the amended Regulation 4.5 exclusion, in order to rely on the exclusion, a Fund's commodity interests – other than those used for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC) – must be limited such that the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the positions (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are "in-the-money" at the time of purchase) does not exceed 5% of the Fund's net asset value ("NAV"), or alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of the positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, does not exceed 100% of the Fund's NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). Further, to qualify for the exclusion in amended Regulation 4.5, the Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that the Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. The Fund's ability to use these instruments also may be limited by tax considerations. See the section entitled "Tax Information."
Amended Regulation 4.5 was effective on April 24, 2012. As the Fund cannot comply with the limitations in Regulation 4.5 above, the Manager registered as a CPO with respect to the Fund and the American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund that is organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company (the "Subsidiary"). As a result, the Manager and the Fund are subject to regulation by the CFTC.
Derivatives may involve significant risk. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the Fund's initial investment. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. The Fund may buy and sell derivatives that are neither centrally cleared nor traded on an exchange. Such derivatives may be subject to heightened counterparty, liquidity and valuation risk.
Transactions in derivatives may expose the Fund to an obligation to another party and, as a result, the Fund may need to "cover" the obligation or segregate liquid assets in compliance with SEC guidelines, as discussed above under "Cover and Asset Segregation."
Emerging Market Investments — The Fund may invest in securities and derivatives with exposure to various countries with emerging capital markets. Investments in securities and derivatives with exposure to countries with emerging capital markets involve significantly higher risks not involved in investments in securities in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities from more developed capital markets, (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments, (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other non-U.S. or U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments, (iv) national policies that may limit the Fund's investment opportunities such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests, (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property, and (vi) less diverse or immature
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economic structures. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging capital markets may impose differential capital gain taxes on foreign investors.
Such capital markets are emerging in a dynamic political and economic environment brought about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurance that these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for the Fund. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such event, it is possible that the Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected markets.
The economies of emerging market countries may be based predominately on only a few industries or may be dependent on revenues from participating commodities or on international aid or developmental assistance, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates.
Also, there may be less publicly available information about emerging markets than would be available in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. As a result, traditional investment measurements used in the U.S., may not be applicable. Emerging market securities may be substantially less liquid and more volatile than those of mature markets, and securities may be held by a limited number of investors. This may adversely affect the timing and pricing of the Fund's acquisition or disposal of securities.
The laws in certain emerging market countries may be based upon or be highly influenced by religious codes or rules. The interpretation of how these laws apply to certain investments may change over time, which could have a negative impact on those investments and the Fund.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because the Fund may use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable.
The Fund may consider a country to be an emerging market country based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, if the country is classified as an emerging or developing economy by any supranational organization such as the World Bank, International Finance Corporation or the United Nations, or related entities, or if the country is considered an emerging market country for purposes of constructing emerging markets indices.
Expense Risk — Fund expenses are subject to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in the Fund's net assets. Accordingly, actual expenses may be greater or less than those indicated. For example, to the extent that the Fund's net assets decrease due to market declines or redemptions, the Fund's expenses will increase as a percentage of Fund net assets. During periods of high market volatility, these increases in the Fund's expense ratio could be significant.
Fixed-Income Investments — A Fund may hold debt, including government and corporate debt, and other fixed-income securities. Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk, which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may cause a Fund's net asset value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed-income securities may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security. For example, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, they also tend to be more sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates and are, therefore, more volatile than shorter-term securities and are subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, which is the risk that the credit strength of an issuer of a fixed-income security will weaken and/or that the issuer will be unable to make timely principal and interest payments and that the security may go into default. In addition, there is prepayment risk, which is the risk that during periods of falling interest rates, certain fixed-income securities with higher interest rates, such as mortgage- and asset-backed securities, may be prepaid by their issuers thereby reducing the amount of interest payments. This may result in a Fund having to reinvest its proceeds in lower yielding securities. Securities underlying mortgage- and asset-backed securities, which may include subprime mortgages, also may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk.
Foreign Debt Securities — A Fund may invest in foreign fixed and floating rate income securities (including emerging market securities) all or a portion of which may be non-U.S. dollar denominated and which include: (a) debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign national, provincial, state, municipal or other governments with taxing authority or by their agencies or instrumentalities, including Brady Bonds; (b) debt obligations of supranational entities; (c) debt obligations of the U.S. Government issued in non-dollar securities; (d) debt obligations and other fixed income securities of foreign corporate issuers (both dollar and non-dollar denominated); and (e) U.S. corporate issuers (both Eurodollar and non- dollar denominated). There is no minimum rating criteria for a Fund's investments in such securities. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers involves special considerations that are not typically associated with investing in the securities of U.S. issuers. In addition, emerging markets are markets that have risks that are different and higher than those in more developed markets.
Foreign Securities — The Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated and non-U.S. dollar denominated equity and debt securities of foreign issuers and foreign branches of U.S. banks, including negotiable CDs, bankers' acceptances, and commercial paper. Foreign issuers are issuers organized and doing business principally outside the United States and include corporations, banks, non-U.S. governments, and quasi-governmental organizations. While investments in foreign securities are intended to reduce risk by providing further diversification, such investments involve sovereign and other risks, in addition to the credit and market risks normally associated with domestic securities. These additional risks include the possibility of adverse political and economic developments (including political or social instability, nationalization, expropriation, or confiscatory taxation); the potentially adverse effects of unavailability of public information regarding issuers, less governmental supervision and regulation of financial markets, reduced liquidity of certain financial markets, and the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards or the application of standards that are different or less stringent than those applied in the United States; different laws and customs governing securities tracking; and possibly limited access to the courts to enforce a Fund's rights as an investor.
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The Fund also may invest in equity, debt, or other income-producing securities that are denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, including (1) common and preferred stocks, (2) CDs, commercial paper, fixed time deposits, and bankers' acceptances issued by foreign banks, (3) obligations of other corporations, and (4) obligations of foreign governments and their subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities, international agencies, and supranational entities. Investing in foreign currency denominated securities involves the special risks associated with investing in non-U.S. issuers, as described in the preceding paragraph, and the additional risks of (1) adverse changes in foreign exchange rates and (2) adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which could prevent cash from being brought back to the United States). Additionally, dividends and interest payable on foreign securities (and gains realized on disposition thereof) may be subject to foreign taxes, including taxes withheld from those payments.
The Fund may also invest in foreign "market access" investments, such as participatory notes, low-exercise price options or warrants, equity-linked notes, or equity swaps. These investments may provide economic exposure to an issuer without directly holding its securities. For example, market access investments may be used where regulatory or exchange restrictions make it difficult or undesirable for the Fund to invest directly in an issuer's common stock. Use of market access investments may involve risks associated with derivative investments (see "Derivatives"). Market access investments can be either exchange-traded or over-the-counter. Certain market access investments can be subject to the credit risk of both the underlying issuer and a counterparty. Holders of certain market access investments might not have voting, dividend, or other rights associated with shareholders of the referenced securities. Holders of market access investments might not have any right to make a claim against an issuer or counterparty in the event of their bankruptcy or other restructuring. It may be more difficult or time consuming to dispose of certain market access investments than the referenced security.
Commissions on foreign securities exchanges are often at fixed rates and are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the sub-advisors endeavor to achieve the most favorable net results on portfolio transactions.
Foreign securities may trade with less frequency and in less volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include higher custodial fees than apply to domestic custody arrangements and transaction costs of foreign currency conversions.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures. In certain markets, there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of the Fund is not invested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.
Interest rates prevailing in other countries may affect the prices of foreign securities and exchange rates for foreign currencies. Local factors, including the strength of the local economy, the demand for borrowing, the government's fiscal and monetary policies, and the international balance of payments, often affect interest rates in other countries. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position.
Forward Contracts and Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts — The Fund may enter into forward contracts and forward foreign currency exchange contracts ("forward currency contracts"). Forward contracts are two-party contracts pursuant to which one party agrees to pay the counterparty a fixed price for an agreed upon amount of commodities, securities, or the cash value of the commodities, securities or the securities index, at an agreed upon date. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specified currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties at a price set at the time of the contract. Because these forward currency contracts are normally settled through an exchange of currencies, they are traded in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
Forward currency contracts may serve as long hedges — for example, the Fund may purchase a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar price of a security denominated in a foreign currency that it intends to acquire. Forward currency contract transactions also may serve as short hedges — for example, the Fund may sell a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security or from a dividend or interest payment on a security denominated in a foreign currency.
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts to sell a foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount approximating the value of some or all its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. In addition, the Fund may use forward currency contracts when a sub-advisor wishes to "lock in" the U.S. dollar price of a security when the Fund is purchasing or selling a security denominated in a foreign currency or anticipates receiving a dividend or interest payment denominated in a foreign currency.
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts for the purchase or sale of a specified currency at a specified future date either with respect to specific transactions or with respect to portfolio positions in order to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies.
The Fund may seek to hedge against changes in the value of a particular currency by using forward currency contracts on another foreign currency or a basket of currencies, the value of which the applicable sub-advisor believes will have a positive correlation to the values of the currency being hedged. Use of a different foreign currency magnifies the risk that movements in the price of the forward contract will not correlate or will correlate unfavorably with the foreign currency being hedged.
In addition, the Fund may use forward currency contracts to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. For example, if the Fund owned securities denominated in a foreign currency that a sub-advisor believed would decline relative to another currency, it might enter into a forward currency contract to sell an appropriate amount of the first foreign currency, with payment to be made in the second currency. Transactions that use two foreign currencies are sometimes referred to as "cross hedging." Use of a different foreign currency magnifies the Fund's exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
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The cost to the Fund of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts usually are entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. When the Fund enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
Sellers or purchasers of forward currency contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions on futures, by purchasing or selling, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument sold or bought, respectively. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, however, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out a forward currency contract at any time prior to maturity. In either event, the Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position, and would continue to be required to maintain a position in the securities or currencies that are the subject of the hedge or to maintain cash or securities.
The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of securities whose U.S. dollar value is being hedged by those contracts involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the foreign currency, will change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, the Fund might need to purchase or sell foreign currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such foreign currencies are not covered by forward contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
The Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a forward currency contract in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a counterparty. If such a default occurs, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the forward currency contract, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Fund's rights as a creditor.
Non-Deliverable Currency Forwards — The Fund also may enter into non-deliverable currency forwards ("NDFs"). NDFs are cash-settled, short-term forward contracts on foreign currencies (each a "Reference Currency"), generally on currencies that are non-convertible, and may be thinly traded or illiquid. NDFs involve an obligation to pay an amount (the "Settlement Amount") equal to the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate for the Reference Currency and the agreed upon exchange rate (the "NDF Rate"), with respect to an agreed notional amount. NDFs have a fixing date and a settlement (delivery) date. The fixing date is the date and time at which the difference between the prevailing market exchange rate and the agreed upon exchange rate is calculated. The settlement (delivery) date is the date by which the payment of the Settlement Amount is due to the party receiving payment.
Although NDFs are similar to other forward currency contracts, NDFs do not require physical delivery of each Reference Currency on the settlement date. Rather, on the settlement date, one counterparty pays the Settlement Amount. NDFs typically may have terms from one month up to two years and are settled in U.S. dollars.
The Fund will typically use NDFs for hedging purposes or for direct investment in a foreign country for income or gain. The use of NDFs for hedging or to increase income or gain may not be successful, resulting in losses to the Fund, and the cost of such strategies may reduce the Fund's respective returns.
NDFs are subject to many of the risks associated with derivatives in general and forward currency transactions including risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency and the risk that the counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations. In addition, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations adopted by the CFTC in connection with implementing the Dodd-Frank Act, NDFs are deemed to be swaps, and consequently commodity interests for purposes of amended Regulation 4.5.
Although NDFs have historically been traded OTC, in the future pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, they may be exchange-traded. Under such circumstances, they will be centrally cleared and a secondary market for them will exist. All NDFs are subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty will not perform as contractually required under the NDF. With respect to NDFs that are centrally-cleared, the Fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with the clearing organization as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if it breaches its obligations under the NDF, becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be entitled to the net amount of gains the investor is entitled to receive plus the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the clearing organization's other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the investor.
Futures Contracts — Futures contracts, including interest rate futures contracts and futures contracts on U.S. Treasury securities, obligate the purchaser to take delivery of, or cash settle, a specific amount of an obligation underlying the futures contract at a specified time in the future for a specified price. Likewise, the seller incurs an obligation to deliver the specified amount of the underlying obligation against receipt of the specified price. Futures are traded on both U.S. and foreign commodities exchanges. Futures contracts will be traded for the same purposes as entering into forward contracts. The purchase of futures can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures can serve as a short hedge.
No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract the Fund is required to deposit "initial margin" consisting of cash or U.S. Government Securities in an amount set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and varying based on the volatility of the underlying asset. Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to the Fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, the Fund may be required by a futures exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.
Subsequent "variation margin" payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as "marking-to-market." Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of the Fund's obligations to or from a
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futures broker. When the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.
Purchasers and sellers of futures contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Positions in futures contracts may be closed only on a futures exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. The Fund intends to enter into futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract.
Although many futures contracts by their terms call for the actual delivery or acquisition of securities or currency, in most cases the contractual obligation, is fulfilled before the date of the contract without having to make or take delivery of the securities or currency.
The offsetting of a contractual obligation is accomplished by buying (or selling, as appropriate) on a commodities exchange an identical futures contract calling for delivery in the same month. Such a transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the securities or currency. Since all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, the Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases or sells futures contracts.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract can vary from the previous day's settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If the Fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the futures contract or option thereon or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of securities price or currency exchange rate trends by the sub-advisor may still not result in a successful transaction.
Futures contracts also entail other risks. Although the use of such contracts may benefit the Fund, if investment judgment about the general direction of, for example, an index is incorrect, the Fund's overall performance would be worse than if it had not entered into any such contract. There are differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives.
Risks Associated with Commodity Futures Contracts — There are several additional risks associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.
Storage. Unlike the financial futures markets, in the commodity futures markets there are costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while the Fund is invested in futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately.
Reinvestment. In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for the Fund. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted when it is time for the Fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing contract in a new futures contract, the Fund might reinvest at higher or lower futures prices, or choose to pursue other investments.
Other Economic Factors. The commodities which underlie commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks which subject the Fund's investments to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.
High-Yield Bonds — High-yield, non-investment grade bonds (also known as "junk bonds") are low-quality, high-risk corporate bonds that generally offer a high level of current income. These bonds are considered speculative by rating organizations. For example, Moody's, Standard & Poor's and
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Fitch, Inc. rate them below Baa and BBB, respectively. Please see "Appendix C Ratings Definitions" below for an explanation of the ratings applied to high-yield bonds. High-yield bonds are often issued as a result of corporate restructurings, such as leveraged buyouts, mergers, acquisitions, or other similar events. They may also be issued by smaller, less creditworthy companies or by highly leveraged firms, which are generally less able to make scheduled payments of interest and principal than more financially stable firms. Because of their low credit quality, high-yield bonds must pay higher interest to compensate investors for the substantial credit risk they assume. In order to minimize credit risk, the Fund intends to diversify its holdings among multiple bond issuers.
Lower-rated securities are subject to certain risks that may not be present with investments in higher-grade securities. Investors should consider carefully their ability to assume the risks associated with lower-rated securities before investing in the Fund. The lower rating of certain high yielding corporate income securities reflects a greater possibility that the financial condition of the issuer or adverse changes in general economic conditions may impair the ability of the issuer to pay income and principal. Changes by rating agencies in their ratings of a fixed income security also may affect the value of these investments. However, allocating investments in the Fund among securities of different issuers should reduce the risks of owning any such securities separately. The prices of these high yielding securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. During economic downturns or periods of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress that adversely affects their ability to service principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals or to obtain additional financing, and the markets for their securities may be more volatile. If an issuer defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Additionally, accruals of interest income for the Fund may have to be adjusted in the event of default. In the event of an issuer's default, the Fund may write off prior income accruals for that issuer, resulting in a reduction in the Fund's current dividend payment. Frequently, the higher yields of high-yielding securities may not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities may expect, but rather the risk that such securities may lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of their issuer's financial restructuring or default. Additionally, an economic downturn or an increase in interest rates could have a negative effect on the high-yield securities market and on the market value of the high-yield securities held by the Fund, as well as on the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and interest on their borrowings.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities — Generally, an illiquid asset is an asset that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which it has been valued.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, and repurchase agreements having a remaining maturity of longer than seven calendar days. Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. These securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. However, the fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale of such investments to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of their liquidity.
Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities, and the Fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven calendar days. In addition, the Fund may get only limited information about an issuer, so it may be less able to predict a loss. The Fund also might have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recognition of the increased size and liquidity of the institutional market for unregistered securities and the importance of institutional investors in the formation of capital, the SEC adopted Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Rule 144A is designed to facilitate efficient trading among institutional investors by permitting the sale of certain unregistered securities to qualified institutional buyers. To the extent privately placed securities held by the Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, the Fund likely will be able to dispose of the securities without registering them under the Securities Act. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities, investing in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of the Fund's illiquidity. The Manager or a sub-advisor, as applicable, acting under guidelines established by the Trust's Board, may determine that certain securities qualified for trading under Rule 144A are liquid. Regulation S under the Securities Act permits the sale abroad of securities that are not registered for sale in the United States and includes a provision for U.S. investors, such as the Fund, to purchase such unregistered securities if certain conditions are met.
Securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the "private placement" exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act ("Section 4(a)(2) securities") are restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws, and generally are sold to institutional investors, such as the Fund that agree they are purchasing the securities for investment and not with an intention to distribute to the public. Any resale by the purchaser must be pursuant to an exempt transaction and may be accomplished in accordance with Rule 144A. Section 4(a)(2) securities normally are resold to other institutional investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or dealers that make a market in the Section 4(a)(2) securities, thus providing liquidity.
The Manager and the sub-advisor will carefully monitor the Fund's investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities offered and sold under Rule 144A, focusing on such important factors, among others, as valuation, liquidity, and availability of information. Investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities could have the effect of reducing the Fund's liquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers no longer wish to purchase these restricted securities.
Index Futures Contracts — The Fund may invest in index futures contracts for investment purposes, including for short-term cash management purposes. Like other futures contracts, index futures contracts are derivatives. For a further discussion of the risks of derivatives instruments, see "Derivatives."
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U.S. futures contracts traded on exchanges that have been designated "contract markets" by the CFTC must be executed through a futures commission merchant, or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant contract market. Futures contracts are traded on a number of exchanges.
At the same time a futures contract on an index is purchased or sold, the Fund must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment ("initial deposit") based on the contract's face value. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued and the payment of "variation margin" may be required.
Futures Contracts on Stock Indices – The Fund may enter into contracts providing for the making and acceptance of a cash settlement based upon changes in the value of an index of securities ("Index Futures Contracts"). This technique may be used to hedge against anticipated future change in general market prices that otherwise might either adversely affect the value of securities held by the Fund or adversely affect the prices of securities that are intended to be purchased at a later date for the Fund.
In general, each hedging transaction in Index Futures Contracts involves the establishment of a position that will move in a direction opposite to that of the investment being hedged. If these hedging transactions are successful, the futures positions taken for the Fund will rise in value by an amount that approximately offsets the decline in value of the portion of the Fund's investments that are being hedged. Should general market prices move in an unexpected manner, the full anticipated benefits of Index Futures Contracts may not be achieved or a loss may be realized.
Transactions in Index Futures Contracts involve certain risks. These risks could include a lack of correlation between the Futures Contract and the equity market, a potential lack of liquidity in the market and incorrect assessments of market trends, which may result in worse overall performance than if a Futures Contract had not been entered into.
Brokerage costs will be incurred and "margin" will be required to be posted and maintained as a good-faith deposit against performance of obligations under Futures Contracts written into by the Fund.
Inflation-Indexed Securities — Inflation-indexed securities, also known as inflation-protected securities, are fixed income instruments structured such that their interest and principal payments are adjusted to keep up with inflation.
In periods of deflation when the inflation rate is declining, the principal value of an inflation-indexed security will be adjusted downward. This will result in a decrease in the interest payments. The U.S. Treasury is obligated to repay at least the original principal value at maturity for inflation-indexed securities issued directly by the U.S. Government. However, inflation-indexed securities of other issuers may or may not have the same principal guarantee and may repay an amount less than the original principal value at maturity. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed debt security will be considered ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive the principal until maturity.
There can be no assurance that the inflation index used will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. The Fund's investments in inflation-indexed securities may lose value if the actual rate of inflation is different than the rate of the inflation index. In addition, inflation-indexed securities are subject to the risk that the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (the index used for U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed securities) or other relevant pricing index may be discontinued, fundamentally altered in a manner materially adverse to the interests of an investor in the securities, altered by legislation or Executive Order in a materially adverse manner to the interests of an investor in the securities or substituted with an alternative index.
Options on Index Futures Contracts — The purchase of or selling (writing) of options on an index futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase or selling (writing) of options on such an index.
The Fund may write a call option on an index futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which, if used to hedge, provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the value of the Fund's holdings. If, however, the price of the futures at expiration is above the option exercise price, the Fund generally will be required to make a settlement payment equivalent to the difference in the strike price of the option and the price of the applicable futures contract at expiration multiplied by any applicable multiplier. In addition, if the futures contract underlying the option does not have the same delivery date as the option's expiration date, the Fund will be assigned a short position in the relevant futures contract. The writing of a put option on an index futures contract works in a similar manner and may constitute a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities underlying the index. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, the option will expire and the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which could provide a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss that will be reduced by the amount of the premium it receives. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its futures positions, the Fund's losses or gains from existing options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract with respect to an index is similar in some respects to the purchase of protective put options on the index. For example, the Fund may purchase a put option on an index futures contract to hedge against the risk of lowering securities values.
The amount of risk the Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract with respect to an index is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of such an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.
Options on Securities Indices — The Fund may purchase and write (sell) put and call options on securities indices. A securities index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Options on securities indices generally are similar to options on securities except that the delivery requirements are different. Instead of giving the right to take or make delivery of securities at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive a cash "exercise settlement amount" equal to (a) the amount, if any, by which the fixed exercise price of the option exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the closing value of the underlying index on the date of exercise, multiplied by (b) a fixed "index multiplier." The writer of the option is obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount. The writer may offset its position in stock index options prior to expiration by entering into a closing transaction on an exchange or the option may expire unexercised.
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The Fund may write (sell) call and put options to a limited extent on an index in an attempt to increase income.
When the Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium received by the Fund is included in the liability section of the Fund's Statement of Assets and Liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of the deferred credit will be subsequently marked to market to reflect the current market value of the option written which is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the mean between the closing bid and asked price. If an option expires unexercised on its stipulated expiration date or if a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, the Fund will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the premium received when the option was sold), and the deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated.
The hours of trading for options on an index may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or continue.
Options on securities indices require settlement in cash. Therefore the sub-advisor may be forced to liquidate portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations. Because the value of an index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss from the purchase or writing of options on an index depends upon movements in the level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in the price of a particular stock
Interfund Lending — Pursuant to an order issued by the SEC, each series of the Trust (each an "American Beacon Fund" or "Fund", and together, the "American Beacon Funds" or "Funds") may participate in a credit facility whereby each American Beacon Fund, under certain conditions, is permitted to lend money directly to and borrow directly from other American Beacon Funds for temporary purposes. The credit facility is administered by a credit facility team consisting of professionals from the Manager's asset management, compliance, and accounting areas who report on credit facility activities to the Board. The credit facility can provide a borrowing Fund with savings at times when its cash position is insufficient to meet temporary cash requirements. This situation could arise when shareholder redemptions exceed anticipated volumes and certain Funds have insufficient cash on hand to satisfy such redemptions or when sales of securities do not settle as expected, resulting in a cash shortfall for a fund. When the Funds liquidate portfolio securities to meet redemption requests, they often do not receive payment in settlement for up to three days (or longer for certain foreign transactions). However, redemption requests normally are satisfied immediately. The credit facility provides a source of immediate, short-term liquidity pending settlement of the sale of portfolio securities. Although the credit facility may reduce the Fund's need to borrow from banks, the Fund remains free to establish lines of credit or other borrowing arrangements with banks.
Issuer Risk — The value of an investment may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Legal and Litigation Risk — In certain emerging markets, fraud and corruption may be more prevalent than in developed market countries. Securities and issuers that a Fund may invest in are exposed to these risks, which could have a negative impact on a security's value.
It may be difficult for a Fund to obtain or enforce judgments against parties located outside of the U.S. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain or enforce remedies against non-U.S. governments, their agencies, quasi-sovereign entities, other foreign issuers or counterparties.
Loan Transactions — Loan transactions involve the lending of securities to a broker-dealer or institutional investor for its use in connection with short sales, arbitrages or other security transactions. Such loan transactions are referred to in this SAI as "qualified" loan transactions. The purpose of a qualified loan transaction is to capture a demand premium paid by the borrower or to afford a lender the opportunity to continue to earn income on the securities loaned and at the same time earn fee income or income on the collateral held or reinvested by it. Cash collateral received through qualified loan transactions may be invested only in those categories of high quality liquid securities previously authorized by the Board. Please see the "Lending of Portfolio Securities" section for additional information.
Securities loans will be made in accordance with the following conditions: (1) a Fund receives at least 100% collateral in the form of cash or cash equivalents, securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, and approved bank letters of credit; (2) the borrower increases the collateral whenever the market value of the loaned securities (determined on a daily basis) rises above the level of collateral; (3) a Fund is able to terminate the loan after notice, at any time; (4) a Fund receives reasonable interest on the loan or a flat fee from the borrower, as well as amounts equivalent to any dividends, interest or other distributions on the securities loaned, and any increase in market value of the loaned securities; (5) a Fund only pays reasonable custodian fees in connection with the loan; and (6) voting rights on the securities loaned may pass to the borrower, provided, however, that if a material event affecting the investment is known with sufficient time in advance of the shareholder meeting record date, the Fund would be allowed to terminate the loan in an attempt to facilitate the voting of proxies.
While there may be delays in recovery of loaned securities or even a loss of rights in collateral supplied should the borrower fail financially, loans will be made only to firms deemed to be of good financial standing pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board and will not be made unless the consideration to be earned from such loans is deemed by the Manager to justify the risk. If the borrower of the securities fails financially, there is a risk of delay in recovery of the securities loaned or loss of rights in the collateral.
The cash collateral so acquired through qualified loan transactions may be invested only in those categories of high quality liquid securities previously authorized by the Board.
Market Events — Turbulence in the economic, political and financial system has historically resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the capital markets. Both domestic and foreign capital markets have been experiencing increased volatility and turmoil, with
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issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected, and it is uncertain whether or for how long these conditions could continue.
Reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. This reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in small or emerging market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their security prices. These events and possible continued market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund.
Model and Data Risk
The sub-advisor relies heavily on proprietary quantitative models (each, a "Model") and information and data both developed
by the sub-advisor and those supplied by third parties (collectively, "Data"). Models and Data are used to construct investment
decisions and orders, to value potential and actual investments (including, without limitation, for trading purposes), to
provide risk management insights and to assist in hedging the Fund's investments. Models and Data are known to have errors,
omissions, imperfections and malfunctions (collectively, "System Events"). System Events in third-party Data are generally
entirely outside of the control of the sub-advisor.
The research and modeling processes engaged in by the sub-advisor are extremely complex and involves the use of financial, economic, econometric and statistical theories, research and modeling; the results of this investment approach must then be translated into computer code. Although the sub-advisor seeks to hire individuals skilled in each of these functions and to provide appropriate levels of oversight and employ other measures and processes in an effort to mitigate potential errors the complexity of the individual tasks, the difficulty of integrating such tasks, and the limited ability to perform "real world" testing of the end product, even with simulations and similar methodologies, raise chances that Model code may contain one or more coding errors; one or more of such coding errors could adversely affect the Funds' investment performance. It is highly likely, based upon the complexities of the quantitative investment process that certain Model code errors will not be identified and even if identified an appropriate solution for correcting the Model code error may not be known.
System Events may result in, among other things, the failure to properly gather and organize available data, the execution of unanticipated trades, the failure to execute anticipated trades, delays to the execution of anticipated trades, the failure to properly allocate trades, the failure to take certain hedging or risk reducing actions and/or the taking of actions which increase certain risk(s) — all of which may negatively impact the Fund's portfolio and/or its returns. In addition, if incorrect Data is fed into a Model, it may lead to a System Event. Even if Data is input correctly, "model prices" may differ substantially from market prices, especially for securities with complex characteristics, such as derivatives. The Fund will bear the risks associated with the reliance on Models and Data and all losses related to System Events unless otherwise determined by the sub-advisor in accordance with its internal policies or as may be required by applicable law.
Other Investment Company Securities and Exchange Traded Products — The Fund at times may invest in shares of other investment companies and exchange-traded products, including open-end funds, closed-end funds, business development companies, exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), exchange-traded notes ("ETNs"), and interests in unit investment trusts. The Fund may invest in investment company securities advised by the Manager or a sub-advisor. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund's proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund's own operations. These other fees and expenses are reflected as Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and are included in the Fees and Expenses Table for the Fund in its Prospectus, if applicable. Investment in other investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above the value of such issuer's portfolio securities.
The Fund can invest free cash balances in registered open-end investment companies regulated as money market funds under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"), to provide liquidity or for defensive purposes. The Fund would invest in money market funds rather than purchasing individual short-term investments. If the Fund invests in money market funds shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which the Fund invests, including such fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager.
Although a money market fund is designed to be a relatively low risk investment, it is not free of risk. Despite the short maturities and high credit quality of a money market fund's instruments, increases in interest rates and deteriorations in the credit quality of the instruments the money market fund has purchased may reduce the money market fund's yield and can cause the price of a money market security to decrease. In addition, a money market fund is subject to the risk that the value of an investment may be eroded over time by inflation.
The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs. ETFs trade like a common stock and passive ETFs usually represent a fixed portfolio of securities designed to track the performance and dividend yield of a particular domestic or foreign market index. Typically, the Fund would purchase passive ETF shares to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. As a shareholder of an ETF, the Fund would be subject to its ratable share of the ETF's expenses, including its advisory and administration expenses.
An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional mutual fund (i.e., one that is not exchange traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and the Fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of the ETF's shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; or (3) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted if the listing exchange's officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are de-listed from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide "circuit breakers" (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally. The Fund may also invest in ETNs, which are structured debt securities. Whereas ETFs' liabilities are secured by their portfolio securities, ETNs' liabilities are unsecured general obligations of the issuer. ETFs and ETNs have expenses associated with their operation, typically including, with respect to ETFs, advisory fees.
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The Fund's investment in securities of other investment companies is generally limited to (i) 3% of the total voting stock of any one investment company, (ii) 5% of the Fund's total assets with respect to any one investment company and (iii) 10% of the Fund's total assets in all investment companies in the aggregate. However, the Fund may exceed these limits when investing in shares of an ETF or other investment company, subject to the terms and conditions of an exemptive order from the SEC obtained by the ETF or other investment company that permits an investing fund, such as the Fund, to invest in the ETF or other investment company in excess of the limits described above.
Repurchase Agreements — A repurchase agreement is an agreement between the Fund as purchaser and an approved counterparty as seller. The agreement is backed by collateral in the form of securities and/or cash transferred by the seller to the buyer, sometimes to be held by an eligible third-party custodian. Under the agreement the Fund acquires securities from the seller and the seller simultaneously commits to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price and date, normally within a week or on demand. The price for the seller to repurchase the securities is greater than the Fund's purchase price, reflecting an agreed upon rate that is the equivalent of interest. During the term of the repurchase agreement, the Fund monitors on a daily basis the market value of the collateral subject to the agreement and, if the market value of the securities falls below the seller's repurchase amount provided under the repurchase agreement, the seller is required to transfer additional securities or cash collateral equal to the amount by which the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase amount. Because a repurchase agreement permits the Fund to invest temporarily available cash on a fully-collateralized basis, repurchase agreements permit the Fund to earn income while retaining flexibility in pursuit of longer-term investments. Repurchase agreements may exhibit the economic characteristics of loans by the Fund.
The obligation of the seller under the repurchase agreement is not guaranteed, and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying securities, whether because of the seller's bankruptcy or otherwise. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise its rights with respect to the underlying collateral, including possible sale of the securities. The Fund may incur various expenses in the connection with the exercise of its rights and may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (a) possible declines in the value of the underlying collateral, (b) possible reduction in levels of income and (c) lack of access to the securities (if they are held through a third-party custodian) and possible inability to enforce the Fund's rights. The Board has established procedures pursuant to which the sub-advisors monitor the creditworthiness of the counterparties with which the Fund enters into repurchase agreement transactions.
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with member banks of the Federal Reserve System or registered broker-dealers who, in the opinion of a sub-advisor, present a minimal risk of default during the term of the agreement. The underlying securities which serve as collateral for repurchase agreements may include equity and fixed income securities such as U.S. Government and agency securities, municipal obligations, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, common and preferred stock, depositary receipts, ETFs, corporate obligations and convertible securities.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements — The Fund may borrow funds by entering into reverse repurchase agreements. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund would sell portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker/dealers and agree to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price. At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will place in a segregated custodial account assets such as liquid high quality debt securities having a value not less than 100% of the repurchase price (including accrued interest), and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such required value is maintained. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings by an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
Structured Products — The Fund may invest in structured products, including instruments such as credit-linked securities and structured notes, which are potentially high-risk derivatives. For example, a structured product may combine a traditional stock or bond with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a structured product is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a "benchmark"). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a structured product may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark.
Structured products can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return. Structured products may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a structured product or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a structured product. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a structured product could be zero. Thus, an investment in a structured product may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest.
The purchase of structured products also exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the structured product. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of the Fund.
Credit-Linked Securities - The Fund may invest in credit-linked securities (CLSs). CLSs are debt obligations that are issued by limited purpose entities, such as special purpose vehicles, or by financial firms, such as banks, securities firms or their affiliates. They are structured so that their performance is linked to that of an underlying bond or other debt obligation (a "reference asset"), normally by means of an embedded or underlying credit default swap. The Fund may invest in CLSs when the Fund's Sub-Advisor believes that doing so is more efficient than investing in the reference assets directly or when such direct investment by the Fund is not feasible due to legal or other restrictions.
Under the terms of a CLS, the Fund will be entitled to receive a fixed or variable rate of interest on the outstanding principal amount of the CLS, which in turn will be subject to reduction (potentially down to zero) if a "credit event" occurs with respect to the underlying reference asset or its issuer. Such credit events will include, but will not be limited to payment defaults on the reference asset. If a credit event occurs, payments on the CLS would terminate, and the Fund normally would receive delivery of the underlying reference asset (or, in some cases, a comparable "deliverable" asset) in lieu of the repayment of principal. In some cases, however, including but not limited to instances where there has been a market disruption or in which it is
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or has become illegal, impossible or impracticable for the Fund to purchase, hold or receive the reference assets, the Fund may receive a cash settlement based on the value of the reference asset or a comparable instrument, less fees charged and certain expenses incurred by the CLS issuer. '
CLSs are debt obligations of the CLS issuers, and the Fund would have no ownership or other property interest in the reference assets (other than following a credit event that results in the reference assets being delivered to the Fund) or any direct recourse to the issuers of those reference assets. Thus, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of the issuers of the reference assets that underlie its CLSs, as well as to the credit risk of the issuers of the CLSs themselves. CLSs will also be subject to currency risk, liquidity risk, valuation risks, and the other risks of an underlying credit default swap, as well as to risks resulting from potential conflicts of interest with the CLS issuer or sponsor.
Commodity-Linked Derivatives - Certain structured products may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity swaps, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked structured products may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. The Funds will only invest in commodity-linked structured products that qualify under applicable rules of the CFTC for an exemption from the provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA").
Structured Notes - The Fund may invest in structured notes, which are derivative debt instruments with principal and/or interest payments linked to the value of a commodity, a foreign currency, an index of securities, an interest rate or other financial indicators ("reference instruments"). The payments on a structured note may vary based on changes in one or more specified reference instruments, such as a floating interest rate compared to a fixed interest rate, the exchange rates between two currencies, one or more securities or a securities or commodities index. A structured note may be positively or negatively indexed. For example, its principal amount and/or interest rate may increase or decrease if the value of the reference instrument increases, depending upon the terms of the instrument. The change in the principal amount payable with respect to, or the interest rate of, a structured note may be a multiple of the percentage change (positive or negative) in the value of the underlying reference instrument or instruments. Structured notes can be used to increase the Fund's exposure to changes in the value of assets or to hedge the risks of other investments that a Fund holds.
Structured notes are subject to interest rate risk. They are also subject to credit risk with respect both to the issuer and, if applicable, to the underlying security or borrower. If the underlying investment or index does not perform as anticipated, the structured note might pay less interest than the stated coupon payment or repay less principal upon maturity. The price of structured notes may be very volatile and they may have a limited trading market, making it difficult to value them or sell them at an acceptable price. In some cases, the Fund may enter into agreements with an issuer of structured notes to purchase minimum amounts of those notes over time. In some cases, the Fund may invest in structured notes that pay an amount based on a multiple of the relative change in value of the asset or reference. This type of note increases the potential for income but at a greater risk of loss than a typical debt security of the same maturity and credit quality.
Certain issuers of structured products may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the Investment Company Act. As a result, the Fund's investments in these structured products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies.
Swap Agreements — A swap is a transaction in which the Fund and a counterparty agree to pay or receive payments at specified dates based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (e.g., interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps) or the performance of specified securities or indices based on a specified amount (the "notional" amount). Nearly any type of derivative, including forward contracts, can be structured as a swap. See "Derivatives" for a further discussion of derivatives risks.
Swap agreements can be structured to provide exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. For example, in an interest rate swap, fixed-rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; in a currency swap, U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a foreign currency; and in a total return swap, payments tied to the investment return on a particular asset, group of assets or index may be exchanged for payments that are effectively equivalent to interest payments or for payments tied to the return on another asset, group of assets, or index. Swaps may have a leverage component, and adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate or index can result in gains or losses that are substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself.
Some swaps currently are, and more in the future will be, centrally cleared. Swaps that are centrally-cleared are exposed to the creditworthiness of the clearing organizations (and, consequently, that of their members—generally, banks and broker-dealers) involved in the transaction. For example, an investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with the clearing organization as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if it breaches its agreement with the investor or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be able to recover only a portion of the net amount of gains on its transactions and of the margin owed to it, potentially resulting in losses to the investor.
Swaps that are not centrally cleared, involve the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. To mitigate this risk, the Fund will only enter into swap agreements with counterparties considered by a sub-advisor to present minimum risk of default and the Fund normally obtains collateral to secure its exposure. Changing conditions in a particular market area, whether or not directly related to the referenced assets that underlie the swap agreement, may have an adverse impact on the creditworthiness of a counterparty.
The centrally cleared and OTC swap agreements into which the Fund enters normally provide for the obligations of the Fund and its counterparty in the event of a default of other early termination to be determined on a net basis. Similarly, periodic payments on a swap transaction that are due by each party on the same day normally are netted. To the extent that a swap agreement is subject to netting, the Fund's cover and asset segregation responsibilities will normally be with respect to the net amount owed by the Fund. See "Cover and Asset Segregation" for additional discussion of these matters. However, the Fund may be required to segregate liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of certain swaps, such as written credit
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default swaps on physically settled forwards or written options. The amount that the Fund must segregate may be reduced by the value of any collateral that it has pledged to secure its own obligations under the swap.
The use of swap agreements requires special skills, knowledge and investment techniques that differ from those required for normal portfolio management. Swaps may be considered illiquid investments; see "Illiquid and Restricted Securities" for a description of liquidity risk.
Interest Rate and Inflation Swaps — In an interest rate swap, the parties exchange payments based on fixed or floating interest rates multiplied by a hypothetical or "notional" amount. For example, one party might agree to pay the other a specified fixed rate on the notional amount in exchange for recovering a floating rate on that notional amount. Interest rate swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and counterparty risk. There is a risk that based on movements of interest rates, the payments made under a swap agreement will be greater than the payments received.
The Fund may also invest in inflation swaps, where an inflation rate index is used in place of an interest rate index.
Caps, Floors and Collars — The Fund may also enter caps, floors and collars, which are types of interest rate swap agreements. The purchaser of an interest rate cap agrees to pay a premium to the seller in return for the seller paying interest on a specified principal amount to the purchaser based on the extent to which a specified interest rate exceeds a predetermined level. Conversely, the seller of an interest rate floor agrees to pay interest on a specified principal amount to the purchaser based on the extent to which a specified interest rate falls below a predetermined level. A collar combines a cap and selling a floor, establishing a predetermined range of interest rates within which each party agrees to make payments.
Total Return Swaps — In a total return swap transaction, one party agrees to pay the other party an amount equal to the total return on a defined underlying asset such as a security or basket of securities or on a referenced index during a specified period of time. In return, the other party would make periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or on the total return from a different underlying asset or index. Total return swap agreements may be used to gain exposure to price changes in an overall market or an asset. Total return swaps could result in losses if the underlying asset or index does not perform as anticipated. Written total return swaps can have the potential for unlimited losses.
Credit Default Swaps — In a credit default swap, one party (the seller) agrees to make a payment to the other party (the buyer) in the event that a "credit event," such as a default or issuer insolvency occurs with respect to one or more underlying or "reference" bonds or other debt securities. The Fund may be either a seller or a buyer of credit protection under a credit default swap. Credit default swaps may be on a single security, a basket of securities or on a securities index. The purchaser pays a fee during the life of the swap. If there is a credit event with respect to a referenced debt security, the seller under a credit default swap may be required to pay the buyer the par amount (or a specified percentage of the par amount) of that security in exchange for receiving the referenced security (or a specified alternative security) from the buyer. Alternatively, the credit default swap may be cash settled, meaning that the seller will pay the buyer the difference between the par value and the market value of the defaulted bonds. If the swap is on a basket of securities (such as the CDX indices), the notional amount of the swap is reduced by the par amount of the defaulted bond, and the fixed payments are then made on the reduced notional amount. Taking a long position in (i.e., acting as the seller under) a credit default swap increases the exposure to the specific issuers. The risks of being the buyer of credit default swaps include the cost of paying for credit protection if there are no credit events, pricing transparency when assessing the cost of a credit default swap, counterparty risk, and the need to fund any delivery obligation, particularly in the event of adverse pricing when purchasing bonds to satisfy a delivery obligation. Credit default swap buyers are also subject to counterparty risk since the ability of the seller to make required payments is dependent on its creditworthiness.
Currency Swaps — A currency swap involves the exchange of payments denominated in one currency for payments denominated in another. Payments are based on a notional principal amount, the value of which is fixed in exchange rate terms at the swap's inception. Currency swaps are subject to currency risk.
Volatility Swaps — A volatility swap is a forward contract under which the payments to be received are dependent on the future realized volatility of an underlying asset, such as a stock. A volatility swap involves exposure to volatility, not on whether the value of the underlying asset goes up or down. Volatility swaps can be used to speculate on future volatility or as a hedge against volatility. A volatility swap is subject to the risk that the future volatility of the underlying asset is higher or lower than the sub-advisor anticipated.
Correlation Swaps — A correlation swap is used to speculate on or hedge risks associated with the observed average correlation of a collection of underlying products.
Forward Swaps — A forward swap is created through the use of two swaps with different durations to meet the investment time period desired by the sub-advisor.
Swaptions - Swaptions are options, but not obligations, to establish a position in a swap on predetermined terms at a future date.
Time-Zone Arbitrage — Investing in foreign securities may involve a greater risk for excessive trading due to "time-zone arbitrage." If an event occurring after the close of a foreign market, but before the time a Fund computes its current net asset value, causes a change in the price of the foreign securities and such price is not reflected in a Fund's current net asset value, investors may attempt to take advantage of anticipated price movements in securities held by a Fund based on such pricing discrepancies.
U.S. Government Agency Securities — U.S. Government agency securities are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Some obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others by discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and others only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality. U.S. Government securities bear fixed, floating or variable rates of interest. While the U.S. Government currently provides financial support to certain U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so, since it is not so obligated by law. U.S. Government securities include U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, Federal Home Loan Bank obligations, Federal Farm Credit Bank obligations, U.S. Government agency obligations and repurchase agreements secured thereby. U.S. Government agency securities are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
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There are a number of important differences among the agencies, instrumentalities and government-sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Such agencies and securities include:
GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates ("Ginnie Maes") — GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Maes represent an undivided interest in a pool of mortgages that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or the Farmers Home Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. Ginnie Maes entitle the holder to receive all payments (including prepayments) of principal and interest owed by the individual mortgagors, net of fees paid to GNMA and to the issuer which assembles the mortgage pool and passes through the monthly mortgage payments to the certificate holders (typically, a mortgage banking firm), regardless of whether the individual mortgagor actually makes the payment. Because payments are made to certificate holders regardless of whether payments are actually received on the underlying mortgages, Ginnie Maes are of the "modified pass-through" mortgage certificate type. The GNMA is authorized to guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest on the Ginnie Maes. The GNMA guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, and the GNMA has unlimited authority to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under the guarantee. The market for Ginnie Maes is highly liquid because of the size of the market and the active participation in the secondary market of security dealers and a variety of investors.
Mortgage-Related Securities Issued by Private Organizations — Pools created by non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of payments in such pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools is often partially supported by various enhancements such as over-collateralization and senior/ subordination structures and by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance. The insurance and guarantees are issued by government entities, private insurers or the mortgage poolers. Although the market for such securities is becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates ("Freddie Macs") — Freddie Macs represent interests in groups of specified first lien residential conventional mortgages underwritten and owned by the FHLMC. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by the FHLMC. The FHLMC guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. In cases where the FHLMC has not guaranteed timely payment of principal, the FHLMC may remit the amount due because of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable. Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the United States or by any of the Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Please see "Additional Information Regarding Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae" below for further information.
FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates ("Fannie Maes") — Fannie Maes represent an undivided interest in a pool of conventional mortgage loans secured by first mortgages or deeds of trust, on one family or two to four family, residential properties. The FNMA is obligated to distribute scheduled monthly installments of principal and interest on the mortgages in the pool, whether or not received, plus full principal of any foreclosed or otherwise liquidated mortgages. The obligation of the FNMA under its guarantee is solely its obligation and is not backed by, nor entitled to, the full faith and credit of the United States. Please see "Additional Information Regarding" Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae below for further information.
In September 2008, the Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed in conservatorship. Since that time, FNMA and FHLMC have received significant capital support through Treasury preferred stock purchases, as well as Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage-backed securities. The FHFA and the U.S. Treasury (through its agreement to purchase FNMA and FHLMC preferred stock) have imposed strict limits on the size of their mortgage portfolios. While the mortgage-backed securities purchase programs ended in 2010, the Treasury continued its support for the entities' capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth. In September 2008, those capital concerns led the Treasury and the FHFA to announce that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed in conservatorship. Since that time, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have received significant capital support through Treasury preferred stock purchases as well as Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage backed securities. While the purchase programs for mortgage-backed securities ended in 2010, the Treasury continued its support for the entities' capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth. From the end of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2016, FNMA and FHLMC required Treasury support of approximately $187.5 billion through draws under the preferred stock purchase agreements. However, including payments after the fourth quarter of 2016, FNMA and FHLMC have paid approximately $265.8 billion in aggregate cash dividends to the Treasury (although those payments do not constitute a repayment of their draws). The FHFA has stated that FNMA and FHLMC may need an injection of Treasury capital in the future. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Federal Reserve or the Treasury will ensure that FNMA and FHLMC remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities that they issue. In addition, the problems faced by FNMA and FHLMC, resulting in their being placed into federal conservatorship and receiving significant U.S. Government support, have sparked serious debate among federal policymakers regarding the continued role of the U.S. Government in providing liquidity for mortgage loans. In December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 which, among other provisions, requires that FNMA and FHLMC increase their single-family guaranty fees by at least 10 basis points and remit this increase to the Treasury with respect to all loans acquired by FNMA or FHLMC on or after April 1, 2012 and before January 1, 2022. Serious discussions among policymakers continue, however, as to whether FNMA and FHLMC should be nationalized, privatized, restructured or eliminated altogether. FNMA reported in the second quarter of 2014 that there was "significant uncertainty regarding the future of our company, including how long the company will continue to exist in its current form, the extent of our role in the market, what form we will have, and what ownership interest, if any, our current common and preferred stockholders will hold in us after the conservatorship is terminated and whether we will continue to exist following conservatorship." FHLMC faces similar uncertainty about its future role. FNMA and FHLMC also are the subject of several continuing legal actions and investigations over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may continue to have an adverse effect on the guaranteeing entities.
U.S. Treasury Obligations — U.S. Treasury obligations include bills (initial maturities of one year or less), notes (initial maturities between two and ten years), and bonds (initial maturities over ten years) issued by the U.S. Treasury, Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal component parts
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of such obligations (known as "STRIPS") and inflation-indexed securities. The prices of these securities (like all debt securities) change between issuance and maturity in response to fluctuating market interest rates. U.S. Treasury obligations are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
Valuation Risk — This is the risk that a Fund has valued certain securities at a price different from the price at which they can be sold. This risk may be especially pronounced for investments, such as certain credit linked notes and other derivatives, which may be illiquid or which may become illiquid.
When-Issued and Forward Commitment Transactions — These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. These transactions enable the Fund to "lock-in" what the Manager or a sub-advisor, as applicable, believes to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For instance, in periods of rising interest rates and falling prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might purchase a security on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and sell a similar security to settle such purchase, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields. If the other party fails to complete the trade, the Fund may lose the opportunity to obtain a favorable price. For purchases on a when-issued basis, the price of the security is fixed at the date of purchase, but delivery of and payment for the securities is not set until after the securities are issued. The value of when-issued securities is subject to market fluctuation during the interim period and no income accrues to the Fund until settlement takes place. Such transactions therefore involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date. A sale of a when-issued security also involves the risk that the other party will be unable to settle the transaction. Forward commitment transactions involve a commitment to purchase or sell securities with payment and delivery to take place at some future date, normally one to two months after the date of the transaction. The payment obligation and interest rate are fixed at the time the buyer enters into the forward commitment. Forward commitment transactions are typically used as a hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. Forward commitment transactions are executed for existing obligations, whereas in a when-issued transaction, the obligations have not yet been issued.
The Fund maintains with its custodian segregated (or earmarked) liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the when-issued or forward commitment transaction. When entering into a when-issued or forward commitment transaction, the Fund will rely on the other party to consummate the transaction; if the other party fails to do so, the Fund may be disadvantaged. Inasmuch as the Fund covers its obligations under these transactions, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") and the Fund believe such obligations do not constitute senior securities. Earmarking or otherwise segregating a large percentage of the Fund's assets could impede the sub-advisors' ability to manage the Fund's portfolio.
OTHER INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
In addition to the investment strategies and risks described in the Prospectus, the Fund may:
Engage in dollar rolls or purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis. The purchase or sale of when-issued securities enables an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices by locking in an attractive price or yield. The price of when-issued securities is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase or sell is made, but delivery and payment for the when-issued securities takes place at a later date, normally one to two months after the date of purchase. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser to the issuer and no interest accrues to the purchaser. Such transactions therefore involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date. A sale of a when-issued security also involves the risk that the other party will be unable to settle the transaction. Dollar rolls are a type of forward commitment transaction. Purchases and sales of securities on a forward commitment basis involve a commitment to purchase or sell securities with payment and delivery to take place at some future date, normally one to two months after the date of the transaction. As with when-issued securities, these transactions involve certain risks, but they also enable an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. Forward commitment transactions are executed for existing obligations, whereas in a when-issued transaction, the obligations have not yet been issued. When purchasing securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, a segregated amount of liquid assets at least equal to the value of purchase commitments for such securities will be maintained until the settlement date.
Loan securities to broker-dealers or other institutional investors. Securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by the Fund exceeds 33 1 / 3 % of its total assets (including the market value of collateral received). For purposes of complying with the Fund's investment policies and restrictions, collateral received in connection with securities loans is deemed an asset of the Fund to the extent required by law.
Enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which securities are acquired by the Fund from a securities dealer or bank subject to resale at an agreed upon price on a later date. The acquiring Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. However, the Manager or the sub-advisors, as applicable, attempt to minimize this risk by entering into repurchase agreements only with financial institutions that are deemed to be of good financial standing.
Purchase securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the "private placement" exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act"), and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act. A Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in Section 4(a)(2) securities and illiquid securities unless the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, determines, by continuous reference to the appropriate trading markets and pursuant to guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees ("Board") that any Section 4(a)(2) securities held by such Fund in excess of this level are at all times liquid.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Policies . The Fund has the following fundamental investment policy that enables it to invest in another investment company or series thereof that has substantially similar investment objectives and policies:
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Notwithstanding any other limitation, the Fund may invest all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objectives, policies and limitations as the Fund. For this purpose, "all of the Fund's investable assets" means that the only investment securities that will be held by the Fund will be the Fund's interest in the investment company.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions . The following discusses the investment policies of the Fund.
The following restrictions have been adopted by the Fund and may be changed with respect to the Fund only by the majority vote of the Fund's outstanding interests. "Majority of the outstanding voting securities" under the Investment Company Act and as used herein means, with respect to the Fund, the lesser of (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present and represented at the shareholders' meeting or (b) more than 50% of the shares of the Fund.
The Fund may not:
Purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnership interests, provided, however, that the Fund may dispose of real estate acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments and invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein when consistent with the other policies and limitations described in the Prospectus.
Invest in physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling foreign currency, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis, and other similar financial instruments or commodity pools or other entities that purchase and sell commodities and commodity contracts).
Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of securities, the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under federal securities law.
Lend any security or make any other loan except (i) as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act, (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, (iii) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities in accordance with the Fund's investment objective, policies and limitations, or (iv) by engaging in repurchase agreements.
Issue any senior security except as otherwise permitted (i) under the Investment Company Act or (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff.
Borrow money, except as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act or pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, including (i) as a temporary measure, (ii) by entering into reverse repurchase agreements, and (iii) by lending portfolio securities as collateral. For purposes of this investment limitation, the purchase or sale of options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other similar financial instruments and margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to such instruments shall not constitute borrowing.
Invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of companies primarily engaged in any industry or group of industries provided that this limitation does not apply to: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities; and (ii) tax-exempt securities issued by municipalities and their agencies and authorities.
The above percentage limits (except the limitation on borrowings) are based upon asset values at the time of the applicable transaction; accordingly, a subsequent change in asset values will not affect a transaction that was in compliance with the investment restrictions at the time such transaction was effected. For purposes of the Fund's policy relating to commodities set forth in (2) above, the Fund does not consider foreign currencies or forward contracts to be physical commodities.
For purposes of the Fund's policy relating to commodities set forth in (2) above, the restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in a wholly owned subsidiary, thereby indirectly gaining exposure to the investment returns of commodities markets within the limitations of federal income tax requirements, or from investing in commodity-linked derivative instruments.
For purposes of the Fund's policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (5) above, "senior securities" are defined as Fund obligations that have a priority over the Fund's shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Fund assets. The Investment Company Act prohibits the Fund from issuing any class of senior securities or selling any senior securities of which it is the issuer, except that the Fund is permitted to borrow from a bank so long as, immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings of the Fund (not including borrowings for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets). In the event that such asset coverage falls below this percentage, the Fund is required to reduce the amount of its borrowings within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) so that the asset coverage is restored to at least 300%. Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC and its staff, the requisite asset coverage may vary among different types of instruments. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.
With respect to the fundamental investment restriction relating to concentration set for in (7) above, a large economic or market sector shall not be construed as a single industry or group of industries. The Manager currently considers securities issued by a foreign government (but not the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities) to be an "industry" subject to the 25% limitation. Thus, not more than 25% of the Fund's total assets will be invested in securities issued by any one foreign government or supranational organization. The Fund might invest in certain securities issued by companies in a particular industry whose obligations are guaranteed by a foreign government. The Manager could consider such a company to be within the particular industry and, therefore, the Fund will invest in the securities of such a company only if it can do so under its policy of not being concentrated in any industry or group of industries.
Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions . The following non-fundamental investment restrictions apply to the Fund and may be changed with respect to the Fund by a vote of a majority of the Board. The Fund may not:
Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including time deposits and repurchase agreements that mature in more than seven days; or
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Purchase securities on margin, except that (1) the Fund may obtain such short term credits as necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (2) the Fund may make margin payments in connection with foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities purchased or sold on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis or other financial instruments.
All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment. Except for the investment restrictions listed above as fundamental or to the extent designated as such in the Prospectus, the other investment policies described in this SAI are not fundamental and may be changed by approval of the Trustees.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE INVESTMENTS
In times of unstable or adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, where the Manager or the sub-advisor believes it is appropriate and in the Fund's best interest, the Fund can invest up to 100% in cash and other types of securities for defensive or temporary purposes. It can also hold cash or purchase these types of securities for liquidity purposes to meet cash needs due to redemptions of Fund shares, or to hold while waiting to invest cash received from purchases of Fund shares or the sale of other portfolio securities.
These temporary investments can include: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) commercial paper rated in the highest short-term category by a rating organization; (iii) domestic, Yankee and Eurodollar certificates of deposit or bankers' acceptances of banks rated in the highest short-term category by a rating organization; (iv) any of the foregoing securities that mature in one year or less (generally known as "cash equivalents"); (v) other short-term corporate debt obligations; (vi) repurchase agreements; (vii) futures; or (viii) shares of money market funds, including funds advised by the Manager or a sub-advisor.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Portfolio turnover is a measure of trading activity in a portfolio of securities, usually calculated over a period of one year. The rate is calculated by dividing the lesser amount of purchases or sales of securities by the average amount of securities held over the period. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% would indicate that the Fund sold and replaced the entire value of its securities holdings during the period. High portfolio turnover can increase the Fund's transaction costs and generate additional capital gains or losses.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund publicly discloses portfolio holdings information as follows:
a complete list of holdings for the Fund on an annual and semi-annual basis in the reports to shareholders within sixty days of the end of each fiscal semi-annual period and in publicly available filings of Form N-CSR with the SEC within ten days thereafter;
a complete list of holdings for the Fund as of the end of its first and third fiscal quarters in publicly available filings of Form N-Q with the SEC within sixty days of the end of the fiscal quarter;
a complete list of holdings for the Fund as of the end of each quarter on the Funds' website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) approximately sixty days after the end of the quarter; and
ten largest holdings for the Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter on the Funds' website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) and in sales materials approximately fifteen days after the end of the calendar quarter.
Public disclosure of the Fund's holdings on the website and in sales materials may be delayed when an investment manager informs the Fund that such disclosure could be harmful to the Fund. In addition, individual holdings may be omitted from website and sales material disclosure, when such omission is deemed to be in the Fund's best interest.
Disclosure of Nonpublic Holdings .
Occasionally, certain interested parties — including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries that distribute shares of the Fund, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, and others — may request portfolio holdings information that has not yet been publicly disclosed by the Fund. The Fund's policy is to control the disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information in an attempt to prevent parties from utilizing such information to engage in trading activity harmful to Fund shareholders. To this end, the Board has adopted a Policy and Procedures for Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information (the "Holdings Policy"). The purpose of the Holdings Policy is to define those interested parties who are authorized to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information on a selective basis and to set forth conditions upon which such information may be provided. In general, nonpublic portfolio holdings may be disclosed on a selective basis only when it is determined that (i) there is a legitimate business purpose for the information; (ii) recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the nonpublic information; and (iii) disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders. The Holdings Policy does not restrict a Fund from disclosing that a particular security is not a holding of the Fund. The Holdings Policy is summarized below.
A variety of third-party service providers require access to Fund holdings to provide services to the Fund or to assist the Manager and the sub-advisor(s) in managing the Fund ("service providers"). The service providers have a duty to keep the Fund's nonpublic information confidential either through written contractual arrangements with the Fund (or another Fund service provider) or by the nature of their role with respect to the Fund (or the service provider). The Fund has determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to service providers fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders. In addition, the Fund has determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to members of the Trust's Board of Trustees fulfills a legitimate business purpose, is in the best interest of Fund shareholders, and each Trustee is subject to a duty of confidentiality.
The Fund has ongoing arrangements to provide nonpublic holdings information to the following service providers:
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Service Provider |
Service |
Holdings Access |
Manager |
Investment management and administrator |
Complete list on intraday basis with no lag |
Sub-Advisor |
Investment management |
Holdings under sub-advisor's management on intraday basis with no lag |
State Street Bank and Trust Co. ("State Street") and its designated foreign sub-custodians |
Fund's custodian and foreign custody manager, and foreign sub-custodians; Subsidiary's custodian |
Complete list on intraday basis with no lag |
Ernst & Young LLP |
Fund's independent registered public accounting firm |
Complete list on annual basis with no lag |
Bloomberg, L.P. |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
FactSet Research Systems, Inc. |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting for the Manager |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Investment Technology Group |
Pricing vendor |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Certain third parties are provided with nonpublic holdings information (either complete or partial lists) by the Manager or another service provider on an ad hoc basis. These third parties include: broker-dealers, prospective sub-advisor, borrowers of the Fund's portfolio securities, pricing services, legal counsel, and issuers (or their agents). Broker-dealers utilized by the Fund in the process of purchasing and selling portfolio securities or providing market quotations receive limited holdings information on a current basis with no lag. The Manager provides current holdings to investment managers being considered for appointment as a sub-advisor to the Fund. If the Fund participates in securities lending activities, potential borrowers of the Fund's securities receive information pertaining to the Fund's securities available for loan. Such information is provided on a current basis with no lag. The Fund utilizes various pricing services to supply market quotations and evaluated prices to State Street. State Street and the Manager may disclose current nonpublic holdings to those pricing services. An investment manager may provide holdings information to legal counsel when seeking advice regarding those holdings. From time to time, an issuer (or its agent) may contact the Fund requesting confirmation of ownership of the issuer's securities. Such holdings information is provided to the issuer (or its agent) as of the date requested. The Fund does not have written contractual arrangements with these third parties regarding the confidentiality of the holdings information. However, the Fund would not continue to utilize a third party that the Manager determined to have misused nonpublic holdings information.
The Fund has ongoing arrangements to provide periodic holdings information to certain organizations that publish ratings and/or rankings for the Fund or that redistribute the Fund's holdings to financial intermediaries to facilitate their analysis of the Fund. The Fund has determined that disclosure of holdings information to such organizations fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders, as it provides existing and potential shareholders with an independent basis for evaluating the Fund in comparison to other mutual funds. As of the date of this SAI, all such organizations receive holdings information after it has been made public on the Fund's website.
No compensation or other consideration may be paid to the Fund, the Fund's service providers, or any other party in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information.
Under the Holdings Policy, disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to parties other than those discussed above must meet all of the following conditions:
Recipients of portfolio holdings information must agree in writing to keep the information confidential until it has been posted to the Fund's website and not to trade based on the information;
Holdings may only be disclosed as of a month-end date;
No compensation may be paid to the Fund's the Manager or any other party in connection with the disclosure of information about portfolio securities; and
A member of the Manager's Compliance staff must approve requests for nonpublic holdings information.
In determining whether to approve a request for portfolio holdings disclosure by the Manager, Compliance staff generally considers the type of requestor and its relationship to the Fund, the stated reason for the request, any historical pattern of requests from that same individual or entity, the style and strategy of the Fund for which holdings have been requested (e.g., passive versus active management), whether the Fund is managed by one or multiple investment managers, and any other factors it deems relevant. Any potential conflicts between shareholders and affiliated persons of the Fund that arise as a result of a request for portfolio holdings information shall be decided by the Manager in the best interests of shareholders. However, if a conflict exists between the interests of shareholders and the Manager, the Manager may present the details of the request to the Board for a determination to either approve or deny the request. On a quarterly basis, the Manager will prepare a report for the Board outlining any instances of disclosures of nonpublic holdings during the period that did not comply with the Holdings Policy. The Compliance staff generally determines whether a historical pattern of requests by the same individual or entity constitutes an "ongoing arrangement" and should be disclosed in the Fund's SAI.
The Manager and sub-advisor to the Fund may manage substantially similar portfolio for clients other than the Fund. Those other clients may receive and publicly disclose their portfolio holdings information prior to public disclosure by the Fund. The Holdings Policy is not intended to limit the Manager or the sub-advisor from making such disclosures to their clients.
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LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions needing to borrow securities to complete certain transactions. In connection with such loans, the Fund remains the beneficial owner of the loaned securities and continues to be entitled to payments in amounts approximately equal to the interest, dividends or other distributions payable on the loaned securities. The Fund also has the right to terminate a loan at any time. The Fund does not have the right to vote on securities while they are on loan. However, it is the Fund's policy to attempt to terminate loans in time to vote those proxies that the Fund determines are material to its interests. Loans of portfolio securities may not exceed 33 1/3 % of the value of the Fund's total assets (including the value of all assets received as collateral for the loan). The Fund will receive collateral consisting of cash in the form of U.S. dollars, foreign currency, or securities issued or fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government which will be maintained at all times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. If the collateral consists of cash, the Fund will reinvest the cash and pay the borrower a pre-negotiated fee or "rebate" from any return earned on the investment. Should the borrower of the securities fail financially, the Fund may experience delays in recovering the loaned securities or exercising its rights in the collateral. Loans are made only to borrowers that are deemed by the Manager to present acceptable credit risk on a fully collateralized basis. In a loan transaction, the Fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The Fund seeks to minimize this risk by limiting the investment of cash collateral to registered money market funds, including money market funds advised by the Manager that invest in U.S. Government and agency securities.
For all funds that engage in securities lending, the Manager receives compensation for administrative and oversight functions with respect to securities lending, including oversight of the securities lending agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. The amount of such compensation depends on the income generated by the loan of the securities. The Fund continues to receive dividends or interest or the equivalent, as applicable, on the securities loaned and simultaneously earns either interest on the investment of the cash collateral or fee income if the loan is otherwise collateralized. Currently, the Fund has no intention to engage in securities lending activities.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
The Board of Trustees
The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees. The Board is responsible for and oversees the overall management and operations of the Trust and the Fund, which includes the general oversight and review of the Fund's investment activities, in accordance with federal law and the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as well as the stated policies of the Fund. The Board oversees the Trust's officers and service providers, including American Beacon Advisors, Inc. ("American Beacon"), which is responsible for the management of the day-to-day operations of the Fund based on policies and agreements reviewed and approved by the Board. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including American Beacon's investment personnel and the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO"). The Board also is assisted by the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (which reports directly to the Trust's Audit and Compliance Committee), independent counsel and other experts as appropriate, all of whom are selected by the Board.
Risk Oversight
Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Trust and the Fund, the Board oversees the management of risks relating to the administration and operation of the Trust and the Fund. American Beacon, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Fund, is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the Fund. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment, also separately considers potential risks that may impact the Fund. The Board performs this risk management oversight directly and, as to certain matters, through its committees (described below) and through the Board members who are not "interested persons" of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act ("Independent Trustees"). The following provides an overview of the principal, but not all, aspects of the Board's oversight of risk management for the Trust and the Fund.
In general, the Fund's risks include, among others, investment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, securities selection risk and valuation risk. The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address these and other risks to the Trust and the Fund. In addition, under the general oversight of the Board, American Beacon, the Fund's investment adviser, and other service providers to the Fund have themselves adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Fund. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Further, American Beacon as manager of the Fund oversees and regularly monitors the investments, operations and compliance of the Fund's investment advisers.
The Board also oversees risk management for the Trust and the Fund through review of regular reports, presentations and other information from officers of the Trust and other persons. Senior officers of the Trust, and senior officers of American Beacon, and the CCO regularly report to the Board on a range of matters, including those relating to risk management. The Board and the Investment Committee also regularly receive reports from American Beacon with respect to the investments, securities trading and securities lending activities of the Fund. In addition to regular reports from American Beacon, the Board also receives reports regarding other service providers to the Trust, either directly or through American Beacon or the Fund's CCO, on a periodic or regular basis. At least annually, the Board receives a report from the CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Fund's compliance program. Also, typically on an annual basis, the Board receives reports, presentations and other information from American Beacon in connection with the Board's consideration of the renewal of each of the Trust's agreements with American Beacon and the Trust's distribution plans under Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act.
Senior officers of the Trust and American Beacon also report regularly to the Audit and Compliance Committee on Fund valuation matters and on the Trust's internal controls and accounting and financial reporting policies and practices. In addition, the Audit and Compliance Committee receives regular reports from the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Audit and Compliance Committee meets with the Fund's CCO to discuss matters relating to the Fund's compliance program.
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Board Structure and Related Matters
Independent Trustees constitute at least two-thirds of the Board. Richard A. Massman, an Independent Trustee, serves as Independent Chair of the Board. The Independent Chair's responsibilities include: setting an agenda for each meeting of the Board; presiding at all meetings of the Board and Independent Trustees; and serving as a liaison with other Trustees, the Trust's officers and other management personnel, and counsel to the Fund. The Independent Chair shall perform such other duties as the Board may from time to time determine.
The Trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Board that delineates the responsibilities of that committee. The Board has established three standing committees: the Audit and Compliance Committee, the Investment Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. For example, the Investment Committee is responsible for oversight of the process, typically performed annually, by which the Board considers and approves the Fund's investment advisory agreement with American Beacon, while specific matters related to oversight of the Fund's independent auditors have been delegated by the Board to its Audit and Compliance Committee, subject to approval of the Audit and Compliance Committee's recommendations by the Board. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized below.
The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations. The Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Chair position and its committees, is appropriate for the Trust in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Funds, the number of series of the American Beacon Funds Complex overseen by the Board, the arrangements for the conduct of the Fund's operations, the number of Trustees, and the Board's responsibilities. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each of its committees, the Trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of Funds in the complex.
The Trust is part of the American Beacon Funds Complex, which is comprised of 32 series within the American Beacon Funds, 1 series within the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, and 1 series within the American Beacon Select Funds. The same persons who constitute the Board of the Trust also constitute the board of trustees of American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust and American Beacon Select Funds and each Trustee oversees the Trusts' combined 34 series.
The Board holds five (5) regularly scheduled meetings each year. The Board may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone, to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees also hold at least one in-person meeting each year during a portion of which management is not present and may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone.
The Trustees of the Trust are identified in the tables below, which provide information as to their principal business occupations and directorships held during the last five years and certain other information. Subject to the Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Policy described below, a Trustee serves until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. The address of each Trustee listed below is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term or until his or her removal, resignation, or retirement.*
Name (Age) * |
Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Select Funds |
Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust |
Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships During Past 5 Years |
INTERESTED TRUSTEE |
|
|
|
Alan D. Feld ** (80) |
Trustee of American Beacon Funds since 1996
|
Trustee since 2017 |
Partner in the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP (law firm) (1960- Present); Trustee, American Beacon Mileage Funds (1996-2012). |
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
|
|
|
Gilbert G. Alvarado ( 47) |
Trustee since 2015 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Director, Kura MD, Inc. (local telehealth organization) (2015-present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation (health conversion private foundation) (2006-Present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation: Center for Health Program Management (California public benefit corporation) (2012-Present); Director, Innovative North State (2012-2015); Director, Sacramento Regional Technology Alliance (2011- 2016); Director, Women’s Empowerment (2009-2014); Director, Valley Healthcare Staffing (2017-present). |
Joseph B. Armes (55) |
Trustee since 2015 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Chairman & CEO, CSW Industrials, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSWI) (2015-present); Chairman of the Board of Capital Southwest Corporation (NASDAQ: CSWC), predecessor to CSW Industrials, Inc. (2014-present); CEO Capital Southwest Corporation (2013-2015); President & CEO JBA Investment Partners (family investment vehicle) (2010-present); Director and Chair of Audit Committee, RSP Permian (oil and gas producer NYSE: RSPP)(2013-present). |
21 |
* The Board has adopted a retirement policy that requires Trustees, other than Mr. Feld, to retire no later than the last day of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75.
** Mr. Feld is deemed to be an "interested person" of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. Mr. Feld's law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld LLP has provided legal services within the past two fiscal years to one or more sub-advisors to certain funds in the American Beacon Funds complex.
In addition to the information set forth in the tables above and other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills applicable to a particular Trustee, the following provides further information about the qualifications and experience of each Trustee.
Gilbert G. Alvarado: Mr. Alvarado has extensive organizational management and financial experience as vice president and chief financial officer in public charities, and a health conversion private foundation, chief financial and information officer of the largest health foundation on the Texas/Mexico border and an accountant with a regional health system.
Joseph B. Armes: Mr. Armes has extensive financial, investment and organizational management experience as chairman of the board of directors, president and chief executive officer of an investment company listed on NASDAQ, president and chief executive officer of a private family investment vehicle, chief operating officer of a private holding company for a family office, president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer and director of a special purpose acquisition company listed on the American Stock Exchange, a director and audit committee chair of an oil and gas exploration and production company listed on the New York Stock Exchange and as an officer of public companies and as a director and officer of private companies.
Gerard J. Arpey: Mr. Arpey has extensive organizational management, financial and international experience serving as chairman, chief executive officer, and chief financial officer of one of the largest global airlines, service as a director of public and private companies, service to several charitable organizations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Brenda A. Cline: Ms. Cline has extensive organizational management, financial and investment experience as executive vice president, chief financial officer, secretary and treasurer to a private foundation, service as a director and member of the audit and nominating and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a trustee to a private university, and several charitable boards, including acting as a member of their investment and\or audit committees, extensive experience as an audit senior manager with a large public accounting firm, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Eugene J. Duffy: Mr. Duffy has extensive experience in the investment management business and organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of a bank, service as a chairman of a charitable fund and as a trustee to an association, service on the board of a private university and non-profit organization, service as chair to an financial services industry association, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Thomas M. Dunning: Mr. Dunning has extensive organizational management experience founding and serving as chairman and chief executive officer of a private company, service as a director of a private company, service as chairman of a large state municipal bond issuer and chairman of a large
22 |
airport authority, also an issuer of bonds, service as a board member of a state department of transportation, service as a director of various foundations, service as chair of civic organizations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Alan D. Feld: Mr. Feld has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as chairman of a law firm, experience as a director of several publicly held companies, service as a trustee of a private university and a board member of a hospital, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Richard A. Massman: Mr. Massman has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as a founding member of a law firm, experience as a senior vice president and general counsel of a large private company, service as the chairman and director of several foundations, including services on their Investment Committees and Finance Committees, chairman of a governmental board, chairman of various professional organizations and multiple years of service as a Trustee and as Independent Chair.
Barbara J. McKenna: Ms. McKenna has extensive experience in the investment management industry, organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of an investment manager, member of numerous financial services industry associations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
R. Gerald Turner: Mr. Turner has extensive organizational management experience as president of a private university, service as a director and member of the audit and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a member to several charitable boards, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Committees of the Board
The Trust has an Audit and Compliance Committee ("Audit Committee"). The Audit Committee consists of Ms. Cline (Chair), and Messrs. Duffy, Alvarado, and Dunning. Mr. Massman, as Chairman of the Trust, serves on the Audit Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. None of the members of the committee are "interested persons" of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. As set forth in its charter, the primary duties of the Trust's Audit Committee are: (a) to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and the Funds and their internal controls and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal controls of certain third-party service providers; (b) to oversee the quality and integrity of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (c) to approve, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust's independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust's independent auditors; (d) to oversee the Trust's compliance with all regulatory obligations arising under applicable federal securities laws, rules and regulations and oversee management's implementation and enforcement of the Trust's compliance policies and procedures ("Compliance Program"); and (e) to coordinate the Board's oversight of the Trust's CCO in connection with his or her implementation of the Trust's Compliance Program. The Audit Committee met five (5) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The Trust has a Nominating and Governance Committee ("Nominating Committee") that is comprised of Messrs. Feld (Chair), Turner, and Massman. As set forth in its charter, the Nominating Committee's primary duties are: (a) to make recommendations regarding the nomination of non-interested Trustees to the Board; (b) to make recommendations regarding the appointment of an Independent Trustee as Chairman of the Board; (c) to evaluate qualifications of potential "interested" members of the Board and Trust officers; (d) to review shareholder recommendations for nominations to fill vacancies on the Board; (e) to make recommendations to the Board for nomination for membership on all committees of the Board; (f) to consider and evaluate the structure, composition and operation of the Board; (g) to review shareholder recommendations for proposals to be submitted for consideration during a meeting of Fund shareholders; and (h) to consider and make recommendations relating to the compensation of Independent Trustees and of those officers as to whom the Board is charged with approving compensation. Shareholder recommendations for Trustee candidates may be mailed in writing, including a comprehensive resume and any supporting documentation, to the Nominating Committee in care of the Secretary of the Fund. The Nominating and Governance Committee met five (5) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The Trust has an Investment Committee that is comprised of, Ms. McKenna (Chair), Messrs. Armes and Arpey. Mr. Massman, as Chairman of the Trust, serves on the Investment Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. As set forth in its charter, the Investment Committee's primary duties are: (a) to review and evaluate the short- and long-term investment performance of the Manager and each of the designated sub-advisors to the Fund; (b) to evaluate recommendations by the Manager regarding the hiring or removal of designated sub-advisors to the Fund; (c) to review material changes recommended by the Manager to the allocation of Fund assets to a sub-advisor; (d) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the investment objective or principal investment strategies of the Fund; and (e) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the material provisions of the advisory agreement with a sub-advisor, including, but not limited to, changes to the provision regarding compensation. The Investment Committee met four (4) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
Trustee Ownership in the Funds
The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned in the American Beacon Funds family by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2016.
|
INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
American Beacon Fund |
Feld |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
None |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Trusts ( 27 Funds as of December 31, 2016 ) |
Over $100,000 |
23 |
|
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
||||||||
|
Alvarado |
Armes |
Arpey |
Cline |
Duffy |
Dunning |
Massman |
McKenna |
Turner |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
$50,001-$100,000 |
$10,001-$50,000 |
None |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Trusts ( 27 Funds as of December 31, 2016 ) |
None |
$50,001-$100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
None |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Trustee Compensation
Effective July 1, 2016, as compensation for their service to the American Beacon funds complex, including the Trust (collectively, the "Trusts"), each Trustee is compensated from the Trusts as follows: (1) an annual retainer of $120,000; (2) meeting attendance fee (for attendance in person or via teleconference) of (a) $5,000 for attendance by Board members for each regularly scheduled Board meeting, (b) $2,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee, and (c) $1,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Nominating and Governance Committee; and (3) reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred in attending Board meetings, Committee meetings, and relevant educational seminars. The Trustees also may be compensated for attendance at special Board and/or Committee meetings from time to time.
Effective as of July 1, 2016, for his service as Board Chairman, Mr. Massman receives an additional annual retainer of $50,000. Although he attends several committee meetings at each quarterly Board meeting, he receives only a single $5,000 fee each quarter for his attendance at those meetings. The chairpersons of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee each receive an additional annual retainer of $25,000 and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee receives an additional annual retainer of $10,000.
1 Upon retirement from the Board, each of these Trustees is eligible for flight benefits afforded to Trustees who served on the Boards as of June 4, 2008 as described below.
2 Mr. Bogart received compensation from the Trust prior to and up to the end of the quarter of his death on April 6, 2016.
The Boards adopted a Trustee Retirement Policy and Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Plan ("Plan"). The Plan provides that a Trustee who has served on the Boards prior to September 12, 2008, and who has reached a mandatory retirement age established by the Board (currently 75) is eligible to elect Trustee Emeritus status ("Eligible Trustees"). The Eligible Trustees are Messrs. Feld, Massman and Turner and Ms. Cline. The mandatory retirement age does not apply to Mr. Feld. Additionally, Eligible Trustees who have served on the Board of one or more Trusts for at least five years may elect to retire from the Board at an earlier age and immediately assume Trustee Emeritus status. The Board has determined that, other than the Plan established for Eligible Trustees, no other retirement benefits will accrue for current or future Trustees.
Upon assuming Trustee Emeritus status, each eligible Trustee and his or her spouse (or designated companion) may receive annual flight benefits from the Trusts of up to $40,000 combined, on a tax-grossed up basis, on American Airlines (a subsidiary of the Manager's former parent company) for a maximum period of 10 years, depending upon length of service prior to September 12, 2008. Eligible Trustees may opt to receive instead an annual retainer of $20,000 from the Trusts in lieu of flight benefits. No retirement benefits are accrued for Board service after September 12, 2008.
A Trustee Emeritus must commit to provide certain ongoing services and advice to the Board members and the Trusts; however, a Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Fund(s). Currently, two individuals who retired from the Board prior to September 12, 2008, have assumed Trustee Emeritus status. One receives an annual retainer of $20,000 from the Trusts. The other individual and his spouse receive annual flight benefits of up to $40,000 combined, on a tax-grossed up basis, on American Airlines.
24 |
Principal Officers of the Trust
The Officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. As of the date of this SAI, the Officers of the Trust, their ages, their business address and their principal occupations and directorships during the past five years are as set forth below. The address of each Officer is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Officer serves for a term of one year or until his or her resignation, retirement, or removal. Each Officer has and continues to hold the same position with the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust.
25 |
Diana N. Lai (41) |
Asst. Secretary since 2012 |
Assistant Secretary, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2012-Present) |
Teresa A. Oxford (58) |
Asst. Secretary since 2015 |
Assistant Secretary, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2015-Present); Assistant Secretary, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present). |
CODE OF ETHICS
The Manager, the Trust and the sub-advisor each have adopted a Code of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act. Each Code of Ethics significantly restricts the personal trading of all employees with access to non-public portfolio information. For example, each Code of Ethics generally requires pre-clearance of all personal securities trades (with limited exceptions) and prohibits employees from purchasing or selling a security that is being purchased or sold or being considered for purchase (with limited exceptions) or sale by any Fund. In addition, the Manager's and Trust's Code of Ethics requires employees to report trades in shares of the Trusts. Each Code of Ethics is on public file with, and may be obtained from, the SEC.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
The Fund invests exclusively in non-voting securities and is therefore not expected to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities. If the Fund were to vote any proxies, the proxy voting record for the most recent year ended June 30 is available as of August 31 of each year upon request and without charge by calling 1-800-967-9009 or by visiting the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. The proxy voting record can be found in Form N-PX on the SEC's website.
CONTROL PERSONS AND 5% SHAREHOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of any Class of the Fund's outstanding shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund. The actions of an entity or person that controls the Fund could have an effect on other shareholders. For instance, a control person may have effective voting control over the Fund or large redemptions by a control person could cause the Fund's other shareholders to pay a higher pro rata portion of the Fund's expenses.
Set forth below are entities or persons that own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Class of the Fund as of March 31, 2017. The Trustees and officers of the Trusts, as a group, did not own more than 1% of any classes of the Fund's shares outstanding.
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC * |
|
|
|
|
14.21% |
37.35% |
SPECIAL CUST A/C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 MAIN ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105-1905 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
|
|
21.67% |
|
12.61% |
7.13% |
FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 509046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH INC* |
|
|
|
|
|
6.97% |
THE AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4800 DEER LAKE DR EAST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC* |
|
7.20% |
48.34% |
|
|
33.20% |
1 NEW YORK PLZ FL 12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NEW YORK NY 10004-1901 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC* |
64.20% |
|
|
84.25% |
34.36% |
2.89% |
FOR EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUR CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FLOOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
499 WASHINGTON BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07310-1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERSHING LLC* |
|
80.77% |
15.35% |
|
34.02% |
|
1 PERSHING PLZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07399-0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UBS WM USA* |
|
|
|
|
|
5.05% |
OMNI ACCOUNT M/F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPEC CDY A/C EBOC UBSFSI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1000 HARBOR BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEEHAWKEN NJ 07086-6761 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RELIANCE TRUST COMPANY FBO |
|
|
|
9.00% |
|
|
USAA C/C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 48529 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATLANTA GA 30362-1529 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
The Fund's sub-advisor is listed below with information regarding its controlling persons or entities. According to the Investment Company Act, a person or entity with control with respect to an investment advisor has "the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company." Persons and entities affiliated with the sub-advisor are considered affiliates for the portion of Fund assets managed by the sub-advisor.
AHL Partners LLP ("AHL") |
|
|
Controlling Person/Entity |
Basis of Control |
Nature of Controlling Person/Entity Business |
Man Investments Limited |
Managing Member holding over 50.1% of the voting rights |
Investment management firm founded in 1987 |
Senior executives of AHL |
Members with 5% to 10% ownership holdings |
Individuals |
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Manager have entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with AHL pursuant to which the Fund has agreed to pay AHL an annualized sub-advisory fee that is calculated and accrued daily equal to 1.00% of the Fund's average daily net assets.
The Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate if assigned, and may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Manager, by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on no less than thirty (30) days' nor more than sixty (60) days' written notice to the sub-advisor, or by the sub-advisor upon sixty (60) days' written notice to the Trust. The Investment Advisory Agreement(s) will continue in effect provided that annually such continuance is specifically approved by a vote of the Trustees, including the affirmative votes of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or "interested persons" (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval, or by the vote of shareholders.
Pursuant to a separate agreement, AHL also serves as the sub-advisor of the Subsidiary. AHL does not receive additional compensation for its management of the Subsidiary.
In rendering investment advisory services to the Fund, the sub-advisor may use the resources of one or more foreign (non-U.S.) affiliates that are not registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Sub-Advisor's Foreign Affiliates") to provide portfolio management, research and trading services to the Fund. Under a Participating Affiliate Agreement, each of the Investment Sub-Advisor's Overseas Affiliates are considered Participating Affiliates of the sub-advisor pursuant to applicable guidance from the staff of the SEC allowing U.S. registered advisers to use investment advisory and trading resources of unregistered advisory affiliates subject to the regulatory supervision of the registered adviser. Each Participating Affiliate and any of their respective employees who provide services to the Fund are considered under the Participating Affiliate Agreement to be "supervised persons" of the sub-advisor as that term is defined in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
The Manager
The Manager, located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039 is a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. ("RIM"). RIM is, in turn, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Acquisition, Inc., which
is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Topco, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC ("RIH"). On April 30, 2015,
the Manager's prior parent company was acquired by RIH, which is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC or Estancia
Capital Partners L.P. ("Purchasers"), investment funds affiliated with Kelso & Company, L.P. or Estancia Capital Management, LLC, which are private
equity firms. The address of Kelso and its investment funds is 320 Park Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10022. The address of Estancia and
its investment fund is 20865 N 90th Place, Suite 200, Scottsdale, AZ 85255. The address of RIH is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving,
TX 75039.
27 |
Listed below are individuals and entities that may be deemed control persons of the Manager.
The Manager is paid a management fee as compensation for providing the Trust with advisory asset allocation and administration services. The expenses are allocated daily to each class of shares based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. Operating expenses directly attributable to a specific class are charged against the assets of that class.
Pursuant to management and administration agreements, the Manager provides the Trust with office space, office equipment and personnel necessary to manage and administer the Trust's operations. This includes:
complying with reporting requirements;
corresponding with shareholders;
maintaining internal bookkeeping, accounting and auditing services and records;
supervising the provision of services to the Trust by third parties; and
administering the Fund's interfund lending facility, if applicable.
In addition to its oversight of the sub-advisor(s), the Manager may invest the portion of the Fund's assets that the sub-advisor(s) determine to be allocated to short-term investments.
The Fund is responsible for expenses not otherwise assumed by the Manager, including the following: audits by independent auditors; transfer agency, custodian, dividend disbursing agent and shareholder recordkeeping services; taxes, if any, and the preparation of the Fund's tax returns; interest; costs of Trustee and shareholder meetings; preparing, printing and mailing Prospectuses and reports to existing shareholders; fees for filing reports with regulatory bodies and the maintenance of the Fund's existence; legal fees; fees to federal and state authorities for the registration of shares; fees and expenses of Trustees; insurance and fidelity bond premiums; fees paid to service providers providing reports regarding adherence by sub-advisor(s) to the investment style of the Fund; fees paid for brokerage commission analysis for the purpose of monitoring best execution practices of the sub-advisor(s); and any extraordinary expenses of a nonrecurring nature.
As of the date of this SAI, the Manager is paid a fee as compensation for providing the Fund with management and administrative services. The expenses are allocated daily to each class of shares of the Fund based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. The Management Agreement provides for the Manager to receive an annualized fee based on a percentage of the Fund's average daily net assets that is calculated and accrued daily, equal to 0.35%.
Pursuant to a separate agreement, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. also serves as the Manager of the Subsidiary. The Manager does not receive additional compensation for its management of the Subsidiary.
The Manager and the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with the sub-advisor pursuant to which the Fund has agreed to pay the sub-advisor the amounts due under the Investment Advisory Agreement directly.
The following tables reflect total management and administrative services fees paid to the Manager, fees waived or recouped by the Manager and investment advisory fees paid to the sub-advisor based on total Fund assets for the Fund's three most recent fiscal years ended December 31. In the tables below, the compensation paid to the Manager was based on an annualized management fee of 0.05% of the Fund's average daily net assets and a separate annualized administrative services fee of 0.30% of the Fund's average daily net assets prior to May 29, 2016. Thereafter, the Fund paid the Manager a single annualized management fee of 0.35% of its average daily net assets for management and administrative services. In the table below, the fees paid to the sub-advisor are expressed both as a dollar amount and percentage of the Fund's net assets.
Management Fees Paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
|
||
|
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
$4,965 |
$34,635 |
$1,060,537 |
Sub-advisor Fees |
|
||
|
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
$107,173 |
$704,720 |
$4,226,933 |
|
1.00% |
1.00% |
1.00% |
28 |
Management Fees (Waived)/Recouped |
|
|
|
|
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
$(371,247) |
$(416,135) |
$(1,444,427) |
Administrative Service Fees |
|
|
|
|
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
$31,997 |
$210,002 |
$423,629 |
The Manager (or another entity approved by the Board) under a distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act, is paid up to up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the A Class shares and up to 1.00% per annum of the average daily net assets of the C Class shares of the Fund for distribution and shareholder servicing related services, including expenses relating to selling efforts of various broker-dealers, shareholder servicing fees and the preparation and distribution of A Class and C Class advertising material and sales literature. The Manager will receive Rule 12b-1 fees from the A Class and C Class regardless of the amount of the Manager's actual expenses related to distribution and shareholder servicing efforts on behalf of each Class. Thus, the Manager may realize a profit or a loss based upon its actual distribution and shareholder servicing related expenditures for the A Class and C Class. The Manager anticipates that the Rule 12b-1 plan will benefit shareholders by providing broader access to the Funds through broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries who require compensation for their expenses in order to offer shares of the Fund. Distribution fees pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act for the most recent fiscal years ended December 31 were:
Distribution Fees |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
A Class |
$1,790 |
$40,008 |
$53,319 |
C Class |
$632 |
$11,651 |
$37,836 |
The A Class, C Class and Investor Class have each adopted a Service Plan (collectively, the "Plans"). The Plans authorize the payment to the Manager (or another entity approved by the Board) of up to 0.375% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class shares, up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the A Class shares and up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the C Class shares. In addition, the Fund will reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class and Institutional Class shares. The Manager or other approved entities may spend such amounts on any activities or expenses primarily intended to result in or relate to the servicing of A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares including, but not limited to, payment of shareholder service fees and transfer agency or sub-transfer agency expenses. The fees, which are included as part of the Fund's "Other Expenses" in the Table of Fees and Expenses in the Prospectus, will be payable monthly in arrears. The fees for each Class will be paid, or reimbursed, on the actual expenses incurred in a particular month by the entity for the services provided pursuant to the respective Class and its Service Plan, if applicable. The primary expenses expected to be incurred are shareholder servicing, record keeping fees and servicing fees paid to financial intermediaries such as plan sponsors and broker-dealers. Service fees paid by the A Class, C Class and Investor Class shares of the Fund pursuant to the applicable Service Plan for the fiscal years ended December 31 were as follows:
Service Fees |
|
|
|
|
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
A Class |
$1,074 |
$24,005 |
$31,992 |
C Class |
$95 |
$1,744 |
$5,675 |
Y Class * |
$61 |
$18,493 |
$61,063 |
Investor Class |
$554 |
$56,364 |
$86,054 |
* Pursuant to the Service Plan, prior to April 1, 2017 the Fund's Y Class shares paid up to 0.10% per annum of the average daily net assets.
The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Funds to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions
in shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager.
The Manager has contractually agreed from time to time to reduce fees and/or reimburse expenses for the Funds in order to
maintain competitive expense ratios for the Funds. In July of 2003, the Board approved a policy whereby the Manager may seek
repayment for such fee reductions and expense reimbursements. Under the policy, the Manager can be reimbursed by a Fund for
any contractual or voluntary fee reductions or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three
years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Fund's Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
to exceed the previously agreed upon contractual expense limit.
The Distributor
Foreside Fund Services, LLC ("Foreside" or "Distributor"), located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, is the distributor and principal underwriter of the Fund's shares. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund's shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust or the Fund. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Agreement between Foreside and the Manager, Foreside receives a fee from the Manager for providing administrative services in connection with the marketing and distribution of shares of the Trust, including the
29 |
registration of Manager employees as registered representatives of the Distributor to facilitate distribution of Fund shares. Foreside also receives a fee from the Manager under a Marketing Agreement pursuant to which Foreside provides services in connection with the marketing of the Fund to institutional investors. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor receives, and may re-allow to broker-dealers, all or a portion of the sales charge paid by the purchasers of A and C Class shares. For A and C Class shares, the Distributor receives commission revenue consisting of the portion of A and C Class sales charge remaining after the allowances by the Distributor to the broker dealers. The Distributor retains any portion of the commission fees that are not paid to the broker-dealers for use solely to pay distribution related expenses.
The aggregate commissions paid to, or retained by, the Distributor from the sale of shares and the contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") retained by the Distributor on the redemption of shares during the fiscal years ended December 31 are shown in the table below.
American Beacon Fund |
Fiscal Year |
Aggregate Commissions |
Amount Retained by the Distributor |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
2016 |
$82,822 |
$10,416 |
|
2015 |
$88,040 |
$13,621 |
|
2014 |
$5,548 |
$727 |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
State Street, located at 1 Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as custodian for the Fund and the Subsidiary. In addition to its other duties as custodian, pursuant to an Administrative Services Agreement and instructions given by the Manager, State Street may receive compensation from the Fund for investing certain excess cash balances in designated futures, forwards, or registered money market funds. State Street also serves as the Fund's Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to rules adopted under the Investment Company Act, whereby it selects and monitors eligible foreign sub-custodians.
Boston Financial Data Services (an affiliate of State Street), located at 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64105. is the transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Trust and provides these services to Fund shareholders.
The Fund's independent registered public accounting firm is Ernst & Young LLP, which is located at 2323 Victory Avenue, Suite 2000, Dallas, Texas 75219. K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Fund.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The portfolio managers to the Fund (the "Portfolio Managers") have responsibility for the day-to-day management of accounts other than the Fund. Information regarding these other accounts has been provided by the Portfolio Managers' firm and is set forth below. The number of accounts and assets is shown as of December 31, 2016.
|
Number of Other Accounts Managed
|
Number of Accounts and Assets for Which
|
||||
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Matthew Sargaison |
|
53 ($13.28 bil) |
20 ($5.6 bil) |
|
56 ($12.8 bil) |
17 ($6 bil) |
Russell Korgaonkar |
|
53 ($13.28 bil) |
20 ($5.6 bil) |
|
56 ($12.8 bil) |
17 ($6 bil) |
Conflicts of Interest
As noted in the table above, the Portfolio Managers manage accounts other than the Fund. This side-by-side management may present potential conflicts between a Portfolio Manager's management of the Fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other hand. Set forth below is a description by the Manager and sub-advisor of any foreseeable material conflicts of interest that may arise from the concurrent management of the Fund and other accounts. The information regarding potential conflicts of interest was provided by the sub-advisor.
The portfolio managers, in performing their duties with the sub-advisor, manage accounts other than the Fund (collectively with other accounts managed by the sub-advisor and its affiliates, "Other Accounts"). The Fund has no interest in these activities. It is possible that conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio managers' management of the Fund's investments on the one hand and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio managers are responsible for on the other. For example, a portfolio manager may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time, resources and investment opportunities among the Fund and other accounts he advises. In addition due to differences in the investment strategies or restrictions between the Fund and the other accounts, a portfolio manager may take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with respect to the Fund. In some cases, another account managed by a portfolio manager may compensate the investment adviser based on the performance of the securities held by that account. The existence of such a performance based fee may create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities. Whenever conflicts of interest arise, the portfolio manager will report such potential conflict to the compliance department in accordance with the policies and procedures of the sub-advisor.
Compensation
The following is a description provided by the investment sub-advisor regarding the structure of and criteria for determining the compensation of the Portfolio Managers as of December 31, 2016.
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Portfolio managers at the sub-advisor are compensated through a base salary and discretionary bonus. Base salaries are benchmarked against key competitors, using external market data providers. Annual discretionary bonuses are based on assessments of personal, team and company performance. Portfolio managers' discretionary bonus compensation therefore is based upon the profitability of the sub-advisor and its ultimate parent company—Man Group plc as a whole. Portfolio managers are also typically invited to participate in a deferred share plan which provides for a grant of equity (as described below) subject to a three-year vesting period. Portfolio managers who participate in the incentive program generally receive a grant of equity in the form of Man Group plc stock but may be eligible to elect to have up to 100% of the amount instead be invested in an investment vehicle linked to the performance of another Man investment product. There are no other special compensation schemes for the portfolio managers.
Ownership of the Fund
A Portfolio Manager's beneficial ownership of the Fund is defined as the Portfolio Manager having the opportunity to share in any profit from transactions in the Fund, either directly or indirectly, as the result of any contract, understanding, arrangement, relationship or otherwise. Therefore, ownership of Fund shares by members of the Portfolio Manager's immediate family or by a trust of which the Portfolio Manager is a trustee could be considered ownership by the Portfolio Manager. The table below set forth each Portfolio Manager's beneficial ownership of the Fund as of December 31, 2016 provided by the Fund's sub-advisor.
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Managers |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
AHL Partners LLP |
|
Matthew Sargaison |
None |
Russell Korgaonkar |
None |
PORTFOLIO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute particular transactions, the Manager and the sub-advisor are authorized to consider "brokerage and research services" (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), provision of statistical quotations (including the quotations necessary to determine the Fund's net asset value), and other information provided to the Fund, to the Manager and/or to the sub-advisor (or their affiliates), provided, however, that the Manager or the sub-advisor must always seek to obtain best execution. Research and brokerage services may include information on portfolio companies, economic analyses, and other investment research services. The Trusts do not allow the Manager or sub-advisor to enter into arrangements to direct transactions to broker-dealers as compensation for the promotion or sale of Trust shares by those broker-dealers. The Manager and the sub-advisor are also authorized to cause the Fund to pay a commission (as defined in SEC interpretations) to a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services for executing a portfolio transaction which is in excess of the amount of the commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction. The Manager or the sub-advisor, as appropriate, must determine in good faith, however, that such commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided, viewed in terms of that particular transaction or in terms of all the accounts over which the Manager or the sub-advisor exercises investment discretion. The fees of the sub-advisor are not reduced by reason of receipt of such brokerage and research services. However, with disclosure to and pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as applicable, the Manager, or the sub-advisor (or a broker-dealer affiliated with them) may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 under the Investment Company Act) for doing so. Brokerage and research services obtained with Fund commissions might be used by the Manager and/or the sub-advisor, as applicable, to benefit their other accounts under management.
The Manager and the sub-advisor will place its own orders to execute securities transactions that are designed to achieve the Fund's investment objective and policies. In placing such orders, the sub-advisor will seek best execution. The full range and quality of services offered by the executing broker or dealer will be considered when making these determinations. Pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as appropriate, the sub-advisor of the Fund, or its affiliated broker-dealer, may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 of the Investment Company Act) for doing so. The Fund's turnover rate, or the frequency of portfolio transactions, will vary from year to year depending on market conditions and the Fund's cash flows. High portfolio turnover generally increases the Fund's transaction costs, including brokerage commissions, and may result in a greater amount of recognized capital gains.
The Investment Advisory Agreements provide, in substance, that in executing portfolio transactions and selecting brokers or dealers, the principal objective of the sub-advisor is to seek best execution. In assessing available execution venues, the sub-advisor shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the value of any eligible research, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. Transactions with respect to the securities of small and emerging market securities in which the Fund may invest may involve specialized services on the part of the broker or dealer and thereby may entail higher commissions or spreads than would be the case with transactions involving more widely traded securities.
The Fund may establish brokerage commission recapture arrangements with certain brokers or dealers. If a sub-advisor chooses to execute a transaction through a participating broker, the broker rebates a portion of the commission back to the Fund. Any collateral benefit received through participation in the commission recapture program is directed exclusively to the Fund. Neither the Manager nor the sub-advisor receives any benefits from the commission recapture program. The sub-advisor's participation in the brokerage commission recapture program is optional. The sub-advisor retains full discretion in selecting brokerage firms for securities transactions and is instructed to use the commission recapture program for a transaction only if it is consistent with the sub-advisor's obligation to seek the best execution available.
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund received $0 as a result of participation in the commission recapture program.
For the three most recent fiscal years ending December 31, the following brokerage commissions were paid by the Fund. Fluctuations in brokerage commissions from year to year were primarily due to increases or decreases in Fund assets resulting in increased trading. Shareholders of these Funds bear only their pro-rata portion of such expenses.
|
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund |
$12,307 |
$68,953 |
$465,670 |
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, no brokerage commissions were paid to affiliated brokers by the Fund.
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND SALE INFORMATION FOR A CLASS SHARES
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
As described in the Prospectus, there are various ways to reduce your sales charge when purchasing A Class shares. Additional information about A Class sales charge reductions is provided below.
Letter of Intent ("LOI") . The LOI may be revised upward at any time during the 13-month period of the LOI ("LOI Period"), and such a revision will be treated as a new LOI, except that the LOI Period during which the purchases must be made will remain unchanged. Purchases made from the date of revision will receive the reduced sales charge, if any, resulting from the revised LOI. The LOI will be considered completed if the shareholder dies within the 13-month LOI Period. Commissions to dealers will not be adjusted or paid on the difference between the LOI amount and the amount actually invested before the shareholder's death.
All dividends and capital gain distributions on shares held in escrow will be credited to the shareholder's account in shares (or paid in cash, if requested). If the intended investment is not completed within the specified LOI Period, the purchaser may be required to remit to the transfer agent the difference between the sales charge actually paid and the sales charge which would have been paid if the total of such purchases had been made at a single time. Any dealers assigned to the shareholder's account at the time a purchase was made during the LOI Period will receive a corresponding commission adjustment if appropriate. If the difference is not paid by the close of the LOI Period, the appropriate number of shares held in escrow will be redeemed to pay such difference. If the proceeds from this redemption are inadequate, the purchaser may be liable to the Fund for the balance still outstanding.
Rights of Accumulation . Subject to the limitations described in the aggregation policy, you may take into account your accumulated holdings in any class of the American Beacon Funds to determine your sales charge for A Class shares on investments in accounts eligible to be aggregated. If you make a gift of A Class shares, upon your request, you may purchase the shares at the sales charge discount allowed under rights of accumulation of all of your investments in any class of the American Beacon Funds.
Aggregation . Qualifying investments for aggregation include those made by you and your "immediate family" as defined in the Prospectus, if all parties are purchasing shares for their own accounts and/or:
individual-type employee benefit plans, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA"), individual 403(b) plan or single-participant Keogh-type plan;
business accounts solely controlled by you or your immediate family (for example, you own the entire business);
trust accounts established by you or your immediate family (for trusts with only one primary beneficiary, upon the trustor's death the trust account may be aggregated with such beneficiary's own accounts; for trusts with multiple primary beneficiaries, upon the trustor's death the trustees of the trust may instruct the Fund's transfer agent to establish separate trust accounts for each primary beneficiary; each primary beneficiary's separate trust account may then be aggregated with such beneficiary's own accounts);
endowments or foundations established and controlled by you or your immediate family; or
529 accounts, which will be aggregated at the account owner level (Class 529-E accounts may only be aggregated with an eligible employer plan).
Individual purchases by a trustee(s) or other fiduciary(ies) may also be aggregated if the investments are:
for a single trust estate or fiduciary account, including employee benefit plans other than the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
made for two or more employee benefit plans of a single employer or of affiliated employers as defined in the Investment Company Act, excluding the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
for nonprofit, charitable or educational organizations, or any endowments or foundations established and controlled by such organizations, or any employer-sponsored retirement plans established for the benefit of the employees of such organizations, their endowments, or their foundations; or
for individually established participant accounts of a 403(b) plan that is treated similarly to an employer-sponsored plan for sales charge purposes (see "Purchases by certain 403(b) plans" under "Sales Charges" above), or made for two or more such 403(b) plans that are treated similarly to employer-sponsored plans for sales charge purposes, in each case of a single employer or affiliated employers as defined in the Investment Company Act. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of a broker- dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with those made for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
Concurrent Purchases . As described in the Prospectus, you may reduce your A Class sales charge by combining simultaneous purchases in any of the American Beacon Funds.
32 |
Other Purchases . Pursuant to a determination of eligibility by the Manager, A Class shares of the Fund may be sold at net asset value (without the imposition of a front-end sales charge) to:
current or retired trustees, and officers of the American Beacon Funds family, current or retired employees and directors of the Manager and its affiliated companies, certain family members and employees of the above persons, and trusts or plans primarily for such persons;
currently registered representatives and assistants directly employed by such representatives, retired registered representatives with respect to accounts established while active, or full-time employees (collectively, "Eligible Persons") (and their spouses, and children, including children in step and adoptive relationships, sons-in- law and daughters-in-law, if the Eligible Persons or the spouses or children of the Eligible Persons are listed in the account registration with the spouse or parent) of broker-dealers who have sales agreements with the Distributor (or who clear transactions through such dealers), plans for the dealers, and plans that include as participants only the Eligible Persons, their spouses and/or children;
companies exchanging securities with the Fund through a merger, acquisition or exchange offer;
insurance company separate accounts;
accounts managed by the Manager, a sub-advisor to the Fund and its affiliated companies;
the Manager or a sub-advisor to the Fund and its affiliated companies;
an individual or entity with a substantial business relationship with, which may include the officers and employees of the Fund's custodian or transfer agent, the Manager or a sub-advisor to the Fund and its affiliated companies, or an individual or entity related or relating to such individual or entity;
full-time employees of banks that have sales agreements with the Distributor, who are solely dedicated to directly supporting the sale of mutual funds;
directors, officers and employees of financial institutions that have a selling group agreement with the Distributor;
banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisors and financial planners) that have entered into an agreement with the Distributor or one of its affiliates, purchasing shares on behalf of clients participating in the Fund supermarket or in a wrap program, asset allocation program or other program in which the clients pay an asset-based fee;
clients of authorized dealers purchasing shares in fixed or flat fee brokerage accounts;
Employer-sponsored defined contribution - type plans, including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and IRA rollovers involving retirement plan assets invested in the Fund in the American Beacon Funds fund family; and
Employee benefit and retirement plans for the Manager and its affiliates.
Shares are offered at net asset value to these persons and organizations due to anticipated economies in sales effort and expense. Once an account is established under this net asset value privilege, additional investments can be made at net asset value for the life of the account.
It is possible that a broker-dealer may not be able to offer one or more of these waiver categories. If this situation occurs, it is possible that the investor would need to invest directly through American Beacon Funds in order to take advantage of the waiver. The Fund may terminate or amend the terms of these sales charge waivers at any time.
Moving Between Accounts . Investments in certain account types may be moved to other account types without incurring additional A Class sales charges. These transactions include, for example:
redemption proceeds from a non-retirement account (for example, a joint tenant account) used to purchase Fund shares in an IRA or other individual-type retirement account;
"required minimum distributions" (as described in Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code) from an IRA or other individual-type retirement account used to purchase Fund shares in a non-retirement account;
death distributions paid to a beneficiary's account that are used by the beneficiary to purchase Fund shares in a different account; and
it is possible that a broker-dealer may not be able to offer the ability to move between accounts. If this situation occurs, it is possible that the investor would need to invest directly through American Beacon Funds in order to take advantage of this privilege. Please contact your financial intermediary for additional information.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGES
As discussed in the Prospectus, the redemption of C Class shares may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") if you redeem your shares within 12 months of purchase. If you purchased $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Funds (and therefore paid no initial sales charges) and subsequently redeem your shares within 18 months of your purchase, you may be charged a CDSC upon redemption. In determining whether the CDSC is payable, it is assumed that shares not subject to the CDSC are the first redeemed followed by other shares held for the longest period of time. The CDSC will not be imposed upon shares representing reinvested dividends or other distributions, or upon amounts representing share appreciation. As described in the Prospectus, there are various circumstances under which the CDSC will be waived. Additional information about CDSC waivers is provided below.
The CDSC is waived under the following circumstances:
Any partial or complete redemption following death or "disability" (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) of a shareholder (including one who owns the shares with his or her spouse as a joint tenant with rights of survivorship) from an account in which the deceased or disabled is named. The Manager or the Fund's transfer agent may require documentation prior to waiver of the charge, including death certificates, physicians' certificates, etc.
33 |
Redemptions from a systematic withdrawal plan. If the systematic withdrawal plan is based on a fixed dollar amount or number of shares, systematic withdrawal redemptions are limited to no more than 10% of your account value or number of shares per year, as of the date the Manager or the Fund's transfer agent receives your request. If the systematic withdrawal plan is based on a fixed percentage of your account value, each redemption is limited to an amount that would not exceed 10% of your annual account value at the time of withdrawal.
Redemptions from retirement plans qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. The CDSC will be waived for benefit payments made by American Beacon Funds directly to plan participants. Benefit payments include, but are not limited to, payments resulting from death, "disability," "retirement," and "separation from service" (each as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and required minimum distributions (as described in Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code), in-service distributions, hardships, loans and qualified domestic relations orders. The CDSC waiver will not apply in the event of termination of the plan or transfer of the plan to another financial institution.
Redemptions that are mandatory withdrawals from a traditional IRA after age 70 1/2 .
Involuntary redemptions as a result of your account not meeting the minimum balance requirements, the termination and liquidation of the Fund, or other actions by the Fund.
Distributions from accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a written agreement with the Distributor (or Manager) allowing this waiver.
To return excess contributions made to a retirement plan.
To return contributions made due to a mistake of fact.
The following example illustrates the operation of the CDSC. Assume that you open an account and purchase 1,000 shares at $10 per share and that six months later the NAV per share is $12 and, during such time, you have acquired 50 additional shares through reinvestment of distributions. If at such time you should redeem 450 shares (proceeds of $5,400), 50 shares will not be subject to the charge because of dividend reinvestment. With respect to the remaining 400 shares, the charge is applied only to the original cost of $10 per share and not to the increase in NAV of $2 per share. Therefore, $4,000 of the $5,400 redemption proceeds will pay the charge. At the rate of 1.00%, the CDSC would be $40 for redemptions of C Class shares. In determining whether an amount is available for redemption without incurring a deferred sales charge, the purchase payments made for all shares in your account are aggregated.
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND
Although the Fund intends to redeem shares in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets. However, shareholders always will be entitled to redeem shares for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Fund's net asset value during any 90-day period. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. In addition, to the extent the Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
TAX INFORMATION
The tax information in the Prospectus and in this section relates solely to the federal income tax law and assumes that the Fund will continue to qualify as a RIC (that is, a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue Code) (as discussed below). The tax information in this section is only a summary of certain key federal tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders and is in addition to the tax information provided in the Prospectus. No attempt has been made to present a complete explanation of the federal income tax treatment of the Fund or the tax implications to its shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning. The tax information is based on the Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations in effect, and administrative pronouncements and judicial decisions publicly available, on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund intends to continue to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code. To so qualify, the Fund (which is treated as a separate corporation for these purposes) must, among other requirements:
Derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (1) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income, including gains from options, futures or forward contracts, derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies ("Qualifying Other Income") and (2) net income derived from an interest in a "qualified publically traded partnership" ("QPTP") ("Gross Income Requirement"). A QPTP is a "publically traded partnership" other than a partnership at least 90% of the gross income of which is Qualifying Other Income;
Diversify its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (1) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by cash and cash items, Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer's outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for those purposes), and (2) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in (a) the securities (other than Government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (b) the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (c) the securities of one or more QPTPs ("Diversification Requirements"); and
Distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally, net investment income, the excess (if any) of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) ("Distribution Requirement").
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By qualifying for treatment as a RIC, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders. If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify for that treatment — either (1) by failing to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, even if it satisfies the Gross Income and Diversification Requirements ("Other Requirements") or (2) by failing to satisfy any of the Other Requirements and is unable to, or determines not to, avail itself of Internal Revenue Code provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Other Requirements as long as the failure "is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect" and the RIC pays a deductible tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements — then for federal tax purposes, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to its shareholders and the dividends it pays would be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly, for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each an "individual"), as "qualified dividend income" (as described in the Prospectus)("QDI")) to the extent of the Fund's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify for RIC treatment would therefore have a negative impact on the Fund's income and performance. Furthermore, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying for RIC treatment. It is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a RIC in any given taxable year.
The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax ("Excise Tax") to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on December 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions by the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the Excise Tax.
Taxation of Certain Investments and Strategies
Hedging strategies, such as entering into forward contracts and selling (writing) and purchasing options and futures contracts, involve complex rules that will determine for federal income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of gains and losses the Fund may realize in connection therewith. In general, the Fund's (1) gains from the disposition of foreign currencies and (2) Qualifying Other Income will be treated as qualifying income under the Gross Income Requirement.
Dividends and interest the Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its securities. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate those taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains realized on investments by foreign investors. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance, since the amount of the Fund's assets to be invested in various countries is not known.
Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and "non-equity" options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a "broad-based" securities index) - except any "securities futures contract" that is not a "dealer securities futures contract" (both as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement - in which the Fund invests may be subject to Internal Revenue Code section 1256 (collectively, "Section 1256 contracts"). Any Section 1256 contract the Fund holds at the end of its taxable year must be "marked-to-market" (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for its fair market value) for federal tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of Section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax. These rules may operate to increase the amount that the Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain the Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it.
Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code also may apply to the Fund's forward currency contracts and options and futures on foreign currencies. Under that section, each foreign currency gain or loss generally is computed separately and treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of the Fund's investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than affecting the amount of its net capital gain. If section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to distribute any dividends, and any distributions made during that year (including those made before the losses were realized) would be characterized as a non-taxable return of capital to shareholders, rather than as a dividend, thereby reducing each shareholder's basis in his or her Fund shares and treating any part of such distribution exceeding that basis as gain from the disposition of those shares.
Offsetting positions the Fund enters into or holds in any actively traded option, futures or forward contract may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax purposes. Straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of recognition of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to positions of the straddle by requiring, among other things, that (1) losses realized on disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred to the extent of any unrealized gain in an offsetting position until the latter position is disposed of, (2) the Fund's holding period in certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly resulting in gain being treated as short-term rather than long-term capital gain) and (3) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions, that otherwise would constitute short-term capital losses, be treated as long-term capital losses. Applicable regulations also provide certain "wash sale" rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and "short sale" rules applicable to straddles. Different elections are available, that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules, particularly with respect to "mixed straddles" (i.e., a straddle at least one, but not all, positions of which are Section 1256 contracts).
When a covered call option written (sold) by the Fund expires, it will realize a short-term capital gain equal to the amount of the premium it received for writing the option. When the Fund terminates its obligations under such an option by entering into a closing transaction, it will realize a short-term capital gain (or loss), depending on whether the cost of the closing transaction is less (or more) than the premium it received when it wrote the option. When a covered call option written by the Fund is exercised, it will be treated as having sold the underlying security, producing long-term or
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short-term capital gain or loss, depending on the holding period of the underlying security and whether the sum of the option price received on the exercise plus the premium received when it wrote the option is more or less than the underlying security's basis.
If the Fund has an "appreciated financial position" - generally, any position (including an interest through an option, futures or forward contract or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than "straight debt") or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis - and enters into a "constructive sale" of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a futures or forward contract the Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any Fund transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund's risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations, administrative rules, and/or other legally binding authority that could affect the treatment of income from those instruments and the character, timing of recognition and amount of the Fund's taxable income or net realized gains and distributions. If the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") were to assert successfully that income the Fund derives from those investments does not constitute Qualifying Other Income, the Fund might cease to qualify as a RIC (with the consequences described above under "Taxation of the Fund") or might be required to reduce its exposure to such investments.
The Subsidiary
The Fund invests a portion of its assets (not exceeding the amount permitted by the 25% Diversification Requirement) in the Subsidiary, which is classified as a corporation for federal tax purposes. A foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, generally is not subject to federal income tax unless it is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States. The Subsidiary is and will be operated in a manner that is expected to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code, under which it can trade in stocks or securities or certain commodities for its own account without being deemed to be so engaged. If, however, certain of the Subsidiary's activities do not meet those safe harbor requirements, it might be considered as engaging in such a trade or business. Even if the Subsidiary is not so engaged, it could be subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 30% on all or a portion of its U.S.-source gross income that is not effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.
The Subsidiary is treated as a controlled foreign corporation (a "CFC"), and the Fund is a "United States shareholder" thereof. As a result, the Fund is required to include in its gross income each taxable year all of the Subsidiary's "subpart F income," which generally is treated as ordinary income; it is expected that virtually all of the Subsidiary's income will be "subpart F income." If the Subsidiary realizes a net loss, that loss will not be available to offset the Fund's income. The Fund's inclusion of the Subsidiary's "subpart F income" in its gross income increases the Fund's tax basis in its shares of the Subsidiary. Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund are not taxable to the extent of its previously undistributed "subpart F income" and reduce the Fund's tax basis in those shares.
Although income derived directly from commodities, including certain commodity-linked derivative instruments, is not considered Qualifying Other Income, the IRS issued numerous private letter rulings ("PLRs") beginning in 2006 that a RIC's inclusion of "subpart F income" from a wholly owned foreign subsidiary (a "controlled foreign corporation" or "CFC") (such as the Subsidiary) is Qualifying Other Income. A PLR may be cited as precedent, however, only by the taxpayer(s) to which it is issued. Moreover, in July 2011, the IRS suspended the issuance of those PLRs. Although that suspension technically still exists, RICs' investments in CFCs for purposes of indirectly investing in commodities have become endangered as a result of proposed regulations under the Internal Revenue Code published on September 28, 2016 ("Proposed Regulations"). The Proposed Regulations provide that the income a RIC is deemed under the Code to constructively derive from a CFC each taxable year -- which, as noted above, those PLRs concluded were Other Qualifying Income -- will no longer be considered such for the RIC, and only distributions the CFC makes to the RIC out of its associated earnings and profits for the applicable taxable year ("Annual E&P") will qualify. Although the Fund currently does receive distributions from the Subsidiary of its Annual E&P each taxable year, if in one or more taxable years the Fund did not receive distributions thereof (or received less than all of same) or the IRS concluded that the amounts it did receive were not "distributions" for federal income tax purposes, the Fund might have difficulty in those years satisfying one of the requirements to qualify as a RIC.
Contemporaneously with publication of the Proposed Regulations, the IRS issued a revenue procedure, which provides that the IRS will not "ordinarily" issue PLRs on any issue relating to the treatment of a corporation as a RIC that requires a determination of whether a financial instrument or position is a "security." Accordingly, future PLRs regarding the status of commodity-linked notes and other commodity-linked derivative instruments will be rarely issued, if at all.
The federal income tax treatment of the Fund's income from the Subsidiary also may be adversely affected by future legislation, other Treasury Regulations, and/or other guidance issued by the IRS that could affect the character, timing of recognition, and/or amount of the Fund's taxable income and/or net capital gains and, therefore, the distributions it makes. See "-Taxation of the Funds" above regarding the federal income tax consequences if the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for any taxable year.
Taxation of the Fund's Shareholders
General - Dividends and other distributions the Fund declares in the last quarter of any calendar year that are payable to shareholders of record on a date in that quarter will be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by those shareholders on December 31 of that year if the Fund pays the distributions during the following January. Accordingly, those distributions will be reportable by, and taxed to, those shareholders for the taxable year in which that December 31 falls.
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If Fund shares are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be treated as long-term, instead of short-term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on those shares. In addition, any loss a shareholder realizes on a redemption of Fund shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares; in that case, the basis in the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Investors also should be aware that the price of Fund shares at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming dividend or other distribution, so if they purchase Fund shares shortly before the record date for a distribution, they will pay full price for the shares and receive some part of the price back as a taxable distribution, even though it represents a partial return of invested capital.
Basis Election and Reporting - A Fund shareholder who wants to use an acceptable method for basis determination with respect to his or her Fund shares other than the average basis method (the Fund's default method) must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. The basis determination method a Fund shareholder elects may not be changed with respect to a redemption (including a redemption that is part of an exchange) of Fund shares after the settlement date of the redemption.
In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of Fund shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Fund shares that are redeemed or exchanged and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the best IRS-accepted basis determination method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to them. Fund shareholders who acquire and hold Fund shares through a financial intermediary should contact their financial intermediary for information related to the basis election and reporting.
Backup Withholding - The Fund is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 28% of dividends, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds (regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized) otherwise payable to any shareholder that is not an "exempt recipient" as defined in the regulations under the Internal Revenue Code who fails to certify that the taxpayer identification number furnished to the Fund is correct or who furnishes an incorrect number (together with the withholding described in the next sentence, "backup withholding"). Withholding at that rate also is required from the Fund's dividends and capital gain distributions otherwise payable to such a shareholder who (1) is subject to backup withholding for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly or (2) fails to certify to the Fund that it is an "exempt recipient." Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, any amounts so withheld may be credited against your federal income tax liability or refunded.
Non-U.S. Shareholders - Dividends the Fund pays to a shareholder who is a non-resident alien individual or foreign entity (each a "non-U.S. shareholder") -- other than (1) dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder whose ownership of the Fund's shares is effectively connected with a trade or business within the United States the shareholder conducts and (2) capital gain distributions paid to a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the United States for no more than 182 days during the taxable year -- generally are subject to 30% federal withholding tax (unless a reduced rate of withholding or a withholding exemption is provided under an applicable treaty). However, two categories of dividends the Fund might pay, "interest-related dividends" and "short-term capital gain dividends," to non-U.S. shareholders (with certain exceptions) and reported by it in writing to its shareholders are exempt from that tax. "Short-term capital gain dividends" are dividends that are attributable to net short-term gain, computed with certain adjustments. "Interest-related dividends" are dividends that are attributable to "qualified net interest income" (i.e., "qualified interest income," which generally consists of certain original issue discount, interest on obligations "in registered form," and interest on deposits, less allocable deductions) from sources within the United States. Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers concerning the applicability of that withholding tax.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act ("FATCA") - Under FATCA, "foreign financial institutions" ("FFIs") and "non-financial foreign entities" ("NFFEs") that are Fund shareholders may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on (1) income dividends the Fund pays and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of redemptions of Fund shares it pays after December 31, 2018. As discussed more fully below, the FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain information regarding direct and indirect ownership of financial accounts U.S. persons hold with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it certifies its status as such and, in certain circumstances, information regarding substantial U.S. owners.
The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements ("IGAs") with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of the IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations, as described below. An FFI resident in a country that has entered into a Model I IGA with the United States must report to that country's government (pursuant to the terms of the applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI resident in a Model II IGA country generally must comply with U.S. regulatory requirements, with certain exceptions, including the treatment of recalcitrant accountholders. An FFI resident in one of those countries that complies with whichever of the foregoing applies will be exempt from FATCA withholding.
An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a "participating FFI," which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under the Internal Revenue Code. Under such an agreement, a participating FFI agrees to (1) verify and document whether it has U.S. accountholders, (2) report certain information regarding their accounts to the IRS, and (3) meet certain other specified requirements.
An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying its status as such and, in certain circumstances, either that (1) it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or (2) it does have one or more such owners and reports the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each such owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which may, in turn, report information to the IRS.
Those foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted, or deemed compliant categories established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide it with documentation properly certifying the entity's status under FATCA to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the tax certification rules
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to avoid backup withholding described above. Foreign investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation and the impact thereof on their investment in the Fund.
Other Taxes - Statutory rules and regulations regarding state and local taxation of ordinary income dividends, QDI dividends and net capital and foreign currency gain distributions may differ from the federal income taxation rules described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder's situation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a "Massachusetts business trust." Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of such a trust may, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for its obligations. However, the Trust's Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of Trust property for any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss due to shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations. The Trust has not engaged in any other business.
The Trust was originally created to manage money for large institutional investors. The following individuals (and members of that individual's "immediate family"), are eligible to purchase shares of the Institutional Class with an initial investment of less than $250,000: (i) employees of the Manager, (ii) employees of a sub-advisor for Funds where it serves as sub-advisor, (iii) members of the Board, (iv) employees of Kelso/Estancia, and (v) members of the Manager's Board of Directors. The term "immediate family" refers to one's spouse, children, grandchildren, grandparents, parents, parents-in-law, brothers and sisters, sons and daughters-in-law, a sibling's spouse, a spouse's sibling, aunts, uncles, nieces and nephews; relatives by virtue of remarriage (step-children, step-parents, etc.) are included. Any shareholders that the Manager transfers to the Institutional Class upon termination of the class of shares in which the shareholders were originally invested is also eligible for purchasing shares of the Institutional Class with an initial investment of less than $250,000.
The Investor Class was created to give individuals and other smaller investors an opportunity to invest in the American Beacon Funds. The Institutional and Y Classes were created to manage money for large institutional investors, including pension and 401(k) plans. The A Class and C Class were created for investors investing in the Funds through their broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP audits and reports on the Fund's annual financial statements. The audited financial statements include the schedule of investments, statement of assets and liabilities, statement of operations, statements of changes in net assets, financial highlights, notes and report of independent registered public accounting firm. The audited financial statements are incorporated by reference to the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders for the period ended December 31, 2016.
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APPENDIX A
Ratings Definitions
Below are summaries of the ratings definitions used by some of the rating organizations. Those ratings represent the opinion of the rating organizations as to the credit quality of the issues that they rate. The summaries are based upon publicly available information provided by the rating organizations.
Ratings of Long-Term Obligations and Preferred Stocks — The Funds utilize ratings provided by rating organizations in order to determine eligibility of long-term obligations. The ratings described in this section may also be used for evaluating the credit quality for preferred stocks.
Credit ratings typically evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of bonds. The rating organizations may fail to update a credit rating on a timely basis to reflect changes in economic or financial conditions that may affect the market value of the security. For these reasons, credit ratings may not be an accurate indicator of the market value of a bond.
The four highest Moody's ratings for long-term obligations (or issuers thereof) are Aaa, Aa, A and Baa. Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk. Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Moody's ratings of Ba, B, Caa, Ca and C are considered below investment grade. Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk. Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. Moody's also appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a "(hyb)" indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.
The four highest Standard & Poor's ratings for long-term obligations are AAA, AA, A and BBB. An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Standard & Poor's ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are considered below investment grade and are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor's expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher. An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. A rating of NR indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
The four highest ratings for long-term obligations by Fitch Ratings are AAA, AA, A and BBB. Obligations rated AAA are deemed to be of the highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events. Obligations rated AA are deemed to be of very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events. Obligations rated A are deemed to be of high credit quality. An A rating denotes expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings. Obligations rated BBB are deemed to be of good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.
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Fitch's ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, C, RD and D are considered below investment grade or speculative grade. Obligations rated BB are deemed to be speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments. Obligations rated B are deemed to be highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment. Obligations rated CCC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Obligations rated CC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. Obligations rated C indicate exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a 'C' category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of 'RD' or 'D' to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange. Obligations rated RD indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. Obligations rated D indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business. Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange. "Imminent" default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future. In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
Ratings of Municipal Obligations — Moody's ratings for short-term investment-grade municipal obligations are designated Municipal Investment Grade (MIG or VMIG in the case of variable rate demand obligations) and are divided into three levels — MIG/VMIG 1, MIG/VMIG 2 and MIG/VMIG 3. Factors used in determination of ratings include liquidity of the borrower and short-term cyclical elements. The MIG/VMIG 1 rating denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. The MIG/VMIG 2 rating denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group. The MIG/VMIG 3 rating denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. An SG rating denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Standard & Poor's uses SP-1, SP-2, and SP-3 to rate short-term municipal obligations. A rating of SP-1 denotes a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. A rating of SP-2 denotes a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. A rating of SP-3 denotes a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Ratings of Short-Term Obligations — Moody's short-term ratings, designated as P-1, P-2, P-3, or NP, are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations that generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months. The rating P-1 is the highest short-term rating assigned by Moody's and it denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-2 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-3 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term policyholder claims and obligations. The rating NP denotes an issuer (or supporting institutions) that does not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Standard & Poor's short-term ratings are generally assigned to obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days — including commercial paper. A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the "D" rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
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Fitch Ratings' short-term ratings have a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. A rating of F1 denotes an obligation of the highest credit quality. It indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and may have an added "+" to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature. A rating of F2 denotes good credit quality. It indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings. A rating of F3 denotes fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade. A rating of B denotes an obligation that is speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. A rating of C denotes a high default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. A rating of RD indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. A rating of D indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
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Statement of Additional Information
April 28, 2017
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Ticker |
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Share Class |
A |
C |
Y |
R6 |
Institutional |
Investor |
|
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund
|
GBSAX |
GBSCX |
GBSYX |
|
GBSIX |
GBSPX |
|
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
BLYAX |
BLYCX |
BLYYX |
|
BRLGX |
BLYPX |
|
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
BWLAX |
BWLCX |
BWLYX |
BWLRX |
BRLVX |
BWLIX |
|
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
LHGAX |
LHGCX |
LHGYX |
|
LHGIX |
LHGFX |
|
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund
|
SMFAX |
SMFCX |
SMFYX |
|
SFMIX |
STMGX |
|
American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
SPWAX |
SPWCX |
SPWYX |
|
STSIX |
STSGX |
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated April 28, 2017 (the "Prospectus") for the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund, American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund (each individually a "Fund," and collectively the "Funds"), each a series of the American Beacon Funds, a Massachusetts business trust. Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 658-5811. You also may obtain copies of the Prospectus without charge by visiting the Funds' website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Funds' Prospectus. In other words, it is legally a part of the Prospectus. This SAI is not a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the current Prospectus.
The American Beacon Funds' Annual Report to shareholders for the period ended December 31, 2016 and the financial statements and accompanying notes appearing therein are incorporated by reference in this SAI. Copies of the Funds' Annual Report may be obtained, without charge, upon request by calling (800) 658-5811.
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Additional Information About Investment Strategies and Risks |
1 |
10 |
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11 |
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12 |
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13 |
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13 |
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15 |
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15 |
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21 |
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21 |
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21 |
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30 |
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31 |
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35 |
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35 |
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38 |
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39 |
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Additional Information Regarding Contingent Deferred Sales Charges |
41 |
42 |
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42 |
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46 |
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46 |
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Appendix A: Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures for the Trust |
48 |
50 |
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62 |
ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY OF THE FUNDS
Each Fund is a separate series of the American Beacon Funds (the "Trust"), an open-end management investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust on January 16, 1987. Each Fund constitutes a separate investment portfolio with a distinct investment objective and distinct purpose and strategy. Each Fund is diversified. Each Fund is comprised of multiple classes of shares designed to meet the needs of different groups of investors. This SAI relates to the A Class, C Class, Y Class, R6 Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares of the Funds.
On February 3, 2012 and February 5, 2016, respectively, the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund and American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund (the "Bridgeway Funds") acquired all the assets and assumed all the liabilities of the Bridgeway Large-Cap Value Fund and the Bridgeway Large-Cap Growth Fund, respectively. The Bridgeway Large-Cap Value Fund and Bridgeway Large-Cap Growth Fund were each a series of Bridgeway Funds, Inc. (each an "Acquired Bridgeway Fund," and collectively, the "Acquired Bridgeway Funds"). The Acquired Bridgeway Funds' objective and policies were the same in all material respects as those of the applicable Bridgeway Funds, and the Bridgeway Funds engage the investment advisor that provided services to the Acquired Bridgeway Funds, Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc., as sub-advisor. The American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund and American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund have adopted the prior performance and financial history of the respective Acquired Bridgeway Fund.
On March 23, 2012, the American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund acquired all the assets and assumed all the liabilities of the Lou Holland Growth Fund (the "Acquired Holland Fund"), a series of Forum Funds. The Acquired Holland Fund's objective and policies were the same in all material respects as the American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund and the American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund engages the investment advisor that provided services to the Acquired Holland Fund, Holland Capital Management LLC, as sub-advisor.
On February 24, 2012, the American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund (the "Stephens Funds") acquired, respectively, all the assets and assumed, respectively, all of the liabilities of the Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund, each a series of Professionally Managed Portfolios (each an "Acquired Stephens Fund," and collectively, the "Acquired Stephens Funds"). The Stephens Funds' objectives and policies were the same in all material respects as those of the Acquired Stephens Funds, and the Stephens Funds engage the investment advisor that provided services to the Acquired Stephens Funds, Stephens Investment Management Group LLC, as sub-advisor.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The investment objective and principal investment strategies and risks of each Fund are described in the Prospectus. This section contains additional information about the Funds' investment policies and risks and types of investments a Fund may purchase. The composition of a Fund's portfolio and the strategies a Fund may use in selecting investments may vary over time. A Fund is not required to use all of the investment strategies described below in pursuing its investment objectives. It may use some of the investment strategies only at some times or it may not use them at all. In the following table, Funds with an "X" in a particular strategy/risk are more likely to use or be subject to that strategy/risk than those without an "X".
Strategy/Risk |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
Borrowing Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Cash Equivalents |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Common Stock |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Convertible Securities |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Corporate Actions |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Cover and Asset Segregation |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Cyber-Security Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Depositary Receipts |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Derivatives |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Emerging Market Investments |
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
Expense Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Foreign Securities |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Futures Contracts |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Growth Companies Risk |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
Illiquid and Restricted Securities |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Index Futures Contracts |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Initial Public Offerings |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Interfund Lending |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Issuer Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Large Capitalization Companies Risk |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
1 |
Limited Liability Companies |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Loan Transactions |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Market Events |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Other Investment Company Securities and Other Exchange Traded Products |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Preferred Stock |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Publicly Traded Partnerships; Master Limited Partnerships |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Real Estate Related Investments |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Redemption Risk |
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
Rights and Warrants |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Small Capitalization Companies Risk |
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
Statistical Approach |
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
U.S. Government Agency Securities |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
U.S. Treasury Obligations |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Valuation Risk |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Value Companies Risk |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
Borrowing Risks — A Fund may borrow money in an amount up to one-third of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) from banks and other financial institutions. A Fund may borrow for temporary purposes or to facilitate short sales. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in a Fund's net asset value ("NAV") and in its total return. Interest expense and other fees associated with borrowing may reduce a Fund's return.
Cash Equivalents — Cash equivalents include certificates of deposit, time deposits, bearer deposit notes, bankers' acceptances, government obligations, commercial paper, short-term corporate debt securities and repurchase agreements.
Bankers' acceptances are short-term credit instruments designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then "accepted" by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Certificates of deposit ("CDs") are issued against funds deposited in an eligible bank (including its domestic and foreign branches, subsidiaries and agencies), are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. U.S. dollar denominated CDs issued by banks abroad are known as Eurodollar CDs. CDs issued by foreign branches of U.S. banks are known as Yankee CDs.
Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
Common Stock — Common stock generally takes the form of shares in a corporation which represent an ownership interest. It ranks below preferred stock and debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the company in a liquidation or bankruptcy. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or decreased demand for the company's products or services. A stock's value may also decline because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or sector. The price of a company's stock may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company, such as changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates or industry regulation. Companies that elect to pay dividends on their common stock generally only do so after they invest in their own business and make required payments to bondholders and on other debt and preferred stock. Therefore, the value of a company's common stock will usually be more volatile than its bonds, other debt and preferred stock. Common stock may be exchange-traded or over-the-counter ("OTC"). OTC stock may be less liquid than exchange-traded stock.
Convertible Securities — Convertible securities include corporate bonds, notes, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer's common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. Holders of convertible securities have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders, but may be subordinated to holders of similar non-convertible securities of the same issuer. Because of the conversion feature, certain convertible securities may be considered equity equivalents.
Corporate Actions — From time to time, a Fund may voluntarily participate in corporate actions (for example, rights offerings, conversion privileges, exchange offers, credit event settlements, etc.) where the issuer or counterparty offers securities or instruments to holders or counterparties, such as a Fund, and the acquisition is determined to be beneficial to Fund shareholders ("Voluntary Action"). Notwithstanding any percentage investment limitation listed under the "Investment Restrictions" section or any percentage investment limitation of the Investment Company Act or rules
2 |
thereunder, if a Fund has the opportunity to acquire a permitted security or instrument through a Voluntary Action, and by doing so, a Fund would exceed a percentage investment limitation following the acquisition, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of the securities or instruments and after announcement of the corporate action, a Fund sells an offsetting amount of assets that are subject to the investment limitation in question at least equal to the value of the securities or instruments to be acquired.
Cover and Asset Segregation — A Fund may make investments or employ trading practices that obligate a Fund, on a fixed or contingent basis, to deliver an asset or make a cash payment to another party in the future. A Fund will comply with guidance from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") with respect to coverage of certain investments and trading practices. This guidance requires segregation (which may include earmarking) by a Fund of cash or liquid assets with its custodian or a designated sub-custodian to the extent a Fund's obligations with respect to these strategies are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of the underlying security or financial instrument or by offsetting portfolio positions.
For example, if a Fund enters into a currency forward contract to sell foreign currency on a future date, a Fund may cover its obligation to deliver the foreign currency by segregating cash or liquid assets having a value at least equal to the value of the deliverable currency on a marked to market basis. Alternatively, a Fund could cover its obligation by entering into an offsetting transaction to acquire, on or before the date such foreign currency must be delivered, an amount of foreign currency at least equal to the deliverable amount at a price at or below the sale price to be received by a Fund under the currency forward contract.
A Fund's approach to asset coverage may vary among different types of transactions. For example, if a Fund's forward obligation on the transaction is only to make a cash payment equal to the amount, if any, by which the value of the Fund's position is less than that of its counterparty, the Fund will segregate cash or liquidate assets equal to that difference calculated on a daily marked-to-market basis (a "net amount"). Additionally, if a Fund is a protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, usually will segregate assets equal to the full notional value of the swap. If a Fund is protection buyer in a credit default swap, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, it usually will cover the total amount of required premium payments plus the prepayment penalty.
With respect to certain investments, a Fund calculates the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a "net basis" (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out with a Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Under such circumstances, a Fund's current obligations will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid by a Fund based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the "net amount").
Inasmuch as a Fund covers its obligations under these transactions as described above, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") and a Fund believe such obligations do not constitute senior securities. Earmarking or otherwise segregating a large percentage of a Fund's assets could impede the sub-advisor's ability to manage a Fund's portfolio.
Cyber-Security Risk — With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Funds, and their service providers, may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting the Funds or their sub-advisors, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Funds. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, result in the loss or theft of customer data or funds, impact the Funds' ability to calculate their net asset value ("NAV"), cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Funds to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. A cyber-attack may also result in customers or employees being unable to access electronic systems ("denial of services"), loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or network system, or remediation costs associated with system repairs. The Funds may also incur additional costs for cyber-security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber- security risks are also present for issues or securities in which the Funds may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Funds' investment in such companies to lose value.
Any of these results could have a substantial adverse impact on a Fund and its shareholders. For example, if a cybersecurity incident results in a denial of service, Fund shareholders could lose access to their electronic accounts and be unable to buy or sell Fund shares for an unknown period of time, and employees could be unable to access electronic systems to perform critical duties for the Fund, such as trading, NAV calculation, shareholder accounting or fulfillment of Fund share purchases and redemptions. Cybersecurity incidents could cause a Fund or Fund service provider to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures, or financial loss of a significant magnitude and could result in allegations that the Fund or Fund service provider violated privacy and other laws. Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, counterparties with which a Fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions and other parties. Although the Funds and the Manager endeavor to determine that service providers have established risk management systems that seek to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity, and business continuity plans in the event there is a cybersecurity breach, there are inherent limitations in these systems and plans, including the possibility that certain risks may not have been identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. Furthermore, a Fund does not control the cybersecurity systems and plans of the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests or the Fund's third party service providers or trading counterparties or any other service providers whose operations may affect the Fund or its shareholders.
Depositary Receipts — American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) — ADRs are depositary receipts for foreign issuers in registered form traded in U.S. securities markets. Depositary receipts may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Investing in depositary receipts entails substantially the same risks as direct investment in foreign securities. There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies and there may be less governmental regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies. In addition, such companies may use different accounting and financial standards. In addition, a Fund may invest in unsponsored depositary receipts, the issuers of which are not obligated to disclose material information about the underlying securities to investors in the United States. Ownership of
3 |
unsponsored depositary receipts may not entitle a Fund to the same benefits and rights as ownership of a sponsored depositary receipt or the underlying security. Please see "Foreign Securities" below for a description of the risks associated with investments in foreign securities.
Derivatives — Generally a derivative is a financial arrangement, the value of which is based on, or "derived" from, a traditional security, asset, currency, or market index. Some derivatives such as mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are in many respects like any other investment, although they may be more volatile or less liquid than more traditional debt securities. There are, in fact, many different types of derivatives and many different ways to use them. The value of certain derivative securities is linked to other equity securities (such as depositary receipts), currencies, interest rates, indices or other financial indicators (reference assets).
A Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, including among others, options (including non-deliverable options), futures and options thereon, forward currency and other forwards (including non-deliverable forwards), forwards for currency hedges, warrants, structured products (including credit-linked and structured notes), interest rate caps, floors, collars, reverse collars, total return swaps and credit default swaps. The enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") resulted in historic and comprehensive reform relating to derivatives, including the manner in which they are entered into, reported, recorded, executed, and settled or cleared. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") have promulgated a broad range of new regulations with respect to security-based swaps (e.g., derivatives based on a single security or narrow-based securities index), which are regulated by the SEC, and other swaps, which are regulated by the CFTC and the markets in which these instruments trade.
Prior to 2012, advisers of registered investment companies, like the Funds, that trade commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, non-deliverable forwards and swaps), were excluded from regulation as commodity pool operators ("CPOs") pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5. In 2012, the CFTC amended Regulation 4.5 to dramatically narrow this exclusion. Under the amended Regulation 4.5 exclusion, in order to rely on the exclusion a Funds' commodity interests – other than those used for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC) – must be limited such that the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the positions (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are "in-the-money" at the time of purchase) do not exceed 5% of a Fund's total net asset value ("NAV"), or alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of the positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, does not exceed 100% of a Fund's total NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). Further, to qualify for the exclusion in amended Regulation 4.5, a Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that a Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. A Fund's ability to use these instruments also may be limited by tax considerations. See the section entitled "Tax Information."
Amended Regulation 4.5 was effective on April 24, 2012, but the compliance date for advisers to existing funds, such as the Funds, was January 1, 2013. The Manager is not registered as a CPO with respect to the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund, American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund in reliance on the delayed compliance date provided by No-Action Letter 12-38 of the Division of Swap Dealer and Intermediary Oversight ("Division") of the CFTC. Pursuant to this letter and the conditions set forth herein, the Manager is not required to register as a CPO, or rely on an exemption from registration, until six months from the date the Division issues revised guidance on the application of the calculation of the de minimis thresholds in the context of the CPO exemption in CFTC Regulation 4.5 (the "Deadline"). In addition, the Manager has also filed a notice claiming the CFTC Regulation 4.5 exclusion from CPO registration with respect to all of the Funds. The Manager is also exempt from registration as a commodity trading advisor under CFTC Regulation 4.14(a)(8) with respect to all of the Funds.
Derivatives may involve significant risk. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of a Fund's initial investment. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose a Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty.
Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. A Fund may buy and sell derivatives that are neither centrally cleared nor traded on an exchange. Such derivatives may be subject to heightened counterparty, liquidity and valuation risk.
Transactions in derivatives may expose a Fund to an obligation to another party and, as a result, a Fund may need to "cover" the obligation or segregate liquid assets in compliance with SEC guidelines, as discussed above under "Cover and Asset Segregation."
Emerging Market Investments — A Fund may invest in the securities and derivatives with exposure to various countries with emerging capital markets. Investments in the securities and derivatives with exposure to countries with emerging capital markets involve significantly higher risks not involved in investments in securities in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities from more developed capital markets, (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments, (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other non-U.S. or U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments, (iv) national policies that may limit a Fund's investment opportunities such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests, (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property, and (vi) less diverse or immature economic structures. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging capital markets may impose differential capital gain taxes on foreign investors.
Such capital markets are emerging in a dynamic political and economic environment brought about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurance that these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for a Fund. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such event, it is possible that a Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected markets.
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The economies of emerging market countries may be based predominately on only a few industries or may be dependent on revenues from participating commodities or on international aid or developmental assistance, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates.
Also, there may be less publicly available information about emerging markets than would be available in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. As a result, traditional investment measurements used in the U.S. may not be applicable. Emerging market securities may be substantially less liquid and more volatile than those of mature markets, and securities may be held by a limited number of investors. This may adversely affect the timing and pricing of a Fund's acquisition or disposal of securities.
The laws in certain emerging market countries may be based upon or be highly influenced by religious codes or rules. The interpretation of how these laws apply to certain investments may change over time, which could have a negative impact on those investments and a Fund.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because a Fund may use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable.
A Fund may consider a country to be an emerging market country based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, if the country is classified as an emerging or developing economy by any supranational organization such as the World Bank, International Finance Corporation or the United Nations, or related entities, or if the country is considered an emerging market country for purposes of constructing emerging markets indices.
Expense Risk — Fund expenses are subject to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in a Fund's net assets. Accordingly, actual expenses may be greater or less than those indicated. For example, to the extent that a Fund's net assets decrease due to market declines or redemptions, a Fund's expenses will increase as a percentage of Fund net assets. During periods of high market volatility, these increases in a Fund's expense ratio could be significant.
Foreign Securities — A Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated equity and debt securities of foreign issuers and foreign branches of U.S. banks, including negotiable certificates of deposit ("CDs"), bankers' acceptances, and commercial paper. Foreign issuers are issuers organized and doing business principally outside the United States and include banks, non-U.S. governments, and quasi-governmental organizations. While investments in foreign securities are intended to reduce risk by providing further diversification, such investments involve sovereign and other risks, in addition to the credit and market risks normally associated with domestic securities. These additional risks include the possibility of adverse political and economic developments (including political or social instability, nationalization, expropriation, or confiscatory taxation); the potentially adverse effects of unavailability of public information regarding issuers, less governmental supervision and regulation of financial markets, reduced liquidity of certain financial markets, and the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards or the application of standards that are different or less stringent than those applied in the United States; different laws and customs governing securities tracking; and possibly limited access to the courts to enforce a Fund's rights as an investor.
A Fund also may invest in equity, debt, or other income-producing securities, including (1) common and preferred stocks, (2) CDs, commercial paper, fixed time deposits, and bankers' acceptances issued by foreign banks, (3) obligations of other corporations, and (4) obligations of foreign governments and their subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities, international agencies, and supranational entities.
Brexit Risk . The risk of investing in Europe may be heightened due to the recent referendum in which the United Kingdom voted to exit the European Union (EU). It is expected that the United Kingdom will invoke article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty to withdraw from the EU in due course, however, there is a significant degree of uncertainty about how negotiations relating to the United Kingdom's withdrawal will be conducted, as well as the potential consequences and precise timeframe for "Brexit." It is expected that the United Kingdom's exit from the EU will take place within two years of the United Kingdom notifying the European Council that it intends to withdraw from the EU. While it is not possible to determine the precise impact these events may have on the Funds, during this period and beyond, the impact on the United Kingdom and European economies and the broader global economy could be significant, resulting in negative impacts, such as increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth, on markets in the United Kingdom, Europe and globally, which may adversely affect the value of a Fund's investments. In addition, if one or more other countries were to exit the EU or abandon the use of the euro as a currency, the value of investments tied to those countries or the euro could decline significantly and unpredictably.
Futures Contracts — Futures contracts obligate the purchaser to take delivery of, or cash settle, a specific amount of an obligation underlying the contract at a specified time in the future for a specified price. Likewise, the seller incurs an obligation to deliver the specified amount of the underlying obligation against receipt of the specified price. Futures are traded on both U.S. and foreign commodities exchanges. The purchase of futures can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures can serve as a short hedge.
No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract a Fund is required to deposit "initial margin" consisting of cash or U.S. Government Securities in an amount set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and varying based on the volatility of the underlying asset. Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to a Fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, a Fund may be required by a futures exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.
Subsequent "variation margin" payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as "marking-to-market." Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of a Fund's obligations to or from a futures broker. When a Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of
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adverse price movements. If a Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.
Purchasers and sellers of futures contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Positions in futures contracts may be closed only on a futures exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. A Fund intends to enter into futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract.
Although many futures contracts by their terms call for the actual delivery or acquisition of securities or currency, in most cases the contractual obligation is fulfilled before the date of the contract without having to make or take such delivery of the securities or currency. The offsetting of a contractual obligation is accomplished by buying (or selling, as appropriate) on a commodities exchange an identical futures contract calling for delivery in the same month. Such a transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the securities or currency. Since all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, a Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases or sells futures contracts.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract can vary from the previous day's settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If a Fund is unable to liquidate a futures contract due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. A Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the futures contract or option thereon or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures market, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of securities price or currency exchange rate trends by a sub-advisor may still not result in a successful transaction.
Futures contracts also entail other risks. Although the use of such contracts may benefit a Fund, if investment judgment about the general direction of, for example, an index is incorrect, a Fund's overall performance would be worse than if it had not entered into any such contract. There are differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives.
Growth Companies Risk — Growth companies are expected to increase their earnings at a certain rate. When these expectations are not met, the prices of these stocks may go down, even if earnings showed an absolute increase. Growth company stocks may lack the dividend yield that can cushion stock prices in market downturns. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor, depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Fund's investments in growth stocks may underperform value or non-growth stocks that have a broader investment style.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities — Generally, an illiquid asset is an asset that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which it has been valued.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, and repurchase agreements having a remaining maturity of longer than seven calendar days. Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. These securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. However, the fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale of such investments to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of their liquidity.
Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities, and a Fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven calendar days. In addition, a Fund may get only limited information about an issuer, so it may be less able to predict a loss. A Fund also might have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recognition of the increased size and liquidity of the institutional market for unregistered securities and the importance of institutional investors in the formation of capital, the SEC adopted Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Rule 144A is designed to facilitate efficient trading among institutional investors by permitting the sale of certain unregistered securities to qualified institutional buyers. To the extent privately placed securities held by a Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, that Fund likely will be able to dispose of the securities without registering them under the Securities Act. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities,
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investing in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of a Fund's illiquidity. The Manager or a sub-advisor, as applicable, acting under guidelines established by the Trust's Board, may determine that certain securities qualified for trading under Rule 144A are liquid. Regulation S under the Securities Act permits the sale abroad of securities that are not registered for sale in the United States and includes a provision for U.S. investors, such as a Fund, to purchase such unregistered securities if certain conditions are met.
Securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the "private placement" exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act ("Section 4(a)(2) securities") are restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws, and generally are sold to institutional investors, such as a Fund that agree they are purchasing the securities for investment and not with an intention to distribute to the public. Any resale by the purchaser must be pursuant to an exempt transaction and may be accomplished in accordance with Rule 144A. Section 4(a)(2) securities normally are resold to other institutional investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or dealers that make a market in the Section 4(a)(2) securities, thus providing liquidity.
The Manager and the applicable sub-advisors will carefully monitor a Fund's investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities offered and sold under Rule 144A, focusing on such important factors, among others, as valuation, liquidity, and availability of information. Investments in Section 4(a)(2) securities could have the effect of reducing a Fund's liquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers no longer wish to purchase these restricted securities.
Index Futures Contracts — A Fund may invest in index futures contracts for investment purposes, including for short-term cash management purposes. Like other futures contracts, index futures contracts are derivatives. For a further discussion of the risks of derivatives instruments, see "Derivatives."
U.S. futures contracts traded on exchanges that have been designated "contract markets" by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant, or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant contract market. Futures contracts are traded on a number of exchanges.
At the same time a futures contract on an index is purchased or sold, a Fund must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment ("initial deposit") based on the contract's face value. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued and the payment of "variation margin" may be required.
Futures Contracts on Stock Indices — A Fund may enter into contracts providing for the making and acceptance of a cash settlement based upon changes in the value of an index of securities ("Index Futures Contracts"). This technique may be used to hedge against anticipated future change in general market prices that otherwise might either adversely affect the value of securities held by a Fund or adversely affect the prices of securities that are intended to be purchased at a later date for a Fund.
In general, each hedging transaction in Index Futures Contracts involves the establishment of a position that will move in a direction opposite to that of the investment being hedged. If these hedging transactions are successful, the futures positions taken for a Fund will rise in value by an amount that approximately offsets the decline in value of the portion of a Fund's investments that are being hedged. Should general market prices move in an unexpected manner, the full anticipated benefits of Index Futures Contracts may not be achieved or a loss may be realized.
Transactions in Index Futures Contracts involve certain risks. These risks could include a lack of correlation between the Futures Contract and the equity market, a potential lack of liquidity in the market and incorrect assessments of market trends, which may result in worse overall performance than if a Futures Contract had not been entered into.
Brokerage costs will be incurred and "margin" will be required to be posted and maintained as a good-faith deposit against performance of obligations under Futures Contracts written into by a Fund.
Initial Public Offerings — A Fund can invest in initial public offerings ("IPOs"). By definition, securities issued in IPOs have not traded publicly until the time of their offerings. Special risks associated with IPOs may include, among others, the fact that there may only be a limited number of shares available for trading. The market for those securities may be unseasoned. The issuer may have a limited operating history. These factors may contribute to price volatility. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may also make it more difficult for a Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. In addition, some companies initially offering their shares publicly are involved in relatively new industries or lines of business, which may not be widely understood by investors. Some of the companies involved in new industries may be regarded as developmental state companies, without revenues or operating income, or the near-term prospects of them. Many IPOs are by small- or micro-cap companies that are undercapitalized.
Interfund Lending — Pursuant to an order issued by the SEC, the American Beacon Funds may participate in a credit facility whereby each American Beacon Fund, under certain conditions, is permitted to lend money directly to and borrow directly from other American Beacon Funds for temporary purposes. The credit facility is administered by a credit facility team consisting of professionals from the Manager's asset management, compliance, and accounting areas who report on credit facility activities to the Board. The credit facility can provide a borrowing fund with savings at times when the cash position of a fund is insufficient to meet temporary cash requirements. This situation could arise when shareholder redemptions exceed anticipated volumes and certain funds have insufficient cash on hand to satisfy such redemptions or when sales of securities do not settle as expected, resulting in a cash shortfall for a fund. When the funds liquidate portfolio securities to meet redemption requests, they often do not receive payment in settlement for up to three days (or longer for certain foreign transactions). However, redemption requests normally are satisfied immediately. The credit facility provides a source of immediate, short-term liquidity pending settlement of the sale of portfolio securities. Although the credit facility may reduce a Fund's need to borrow from banks, a Fund remains free to establish lines of credit or other borrowing arrangements with banks.
Issuer Risk — The value of an investment may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk — The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and may be unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.
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Limited Liability Companies — A Fund may purchase securities of entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability companies, business trusts and companies organized outside the United States.
Loan Transactions — Loan transactions involve the lending of securities to a broker-dealer or institutional investor for its use in connection with short sales, arbitrages or other security transactions. Such loan transactions are referred to in this SAI as "qualified" loan transactions. The purpose of a qualified loan transaction is to capture a demand premium paid by the borrower or to afford a lender the opportunity to continue to earn income on the securities loaned and at the same time earn fee income or income on the collateral held or reinvested by it. Cash collateral received through qualified loan transactions may be invested only in those categories of high quality liquid securities previously authorized by the Board. Please see the "Lending of Portfolio Securities" section for additional information.
Securities loans will be made in accordance with the following conditions: (1) a Fund receives at least 100% collateral in the form of cash or cash equivalents, securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, and approved bank letters of credit; (2) the borrower increases the collateral whenever the market value of the loaned securities (determined on a daily basis) rises above the level of collateral; (3) a Fund is able to terminate the loan after notice, at any time; (4) a Fund receives reasonable interest on the loan or a flat fee from the borrower, as well as amounts equivalent to any dividends, interest or other distributions on the securities loaned, and any increase in market value of the loaned securities; (5) a Fund only pays reasonable custodian fees in connection with the loan; and (6) voting rights on the securities loaned may pass to the borrower, provided, however, that if a material event affecting the investment is known with sufficient time in advance of the shareholder meeting record date, a Fund would be allowed to terminate the loan in an attempt to facilitate the voting of proxies.
While there may be delays in recovery of loaned securities or even a loss of rights in collateral supplied should the borrower fail financially, loans will be made only to firms deemed to be of good financial standing pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board and will not be made unless the consideration to be earned from such loans is deemed by the Manager to justify the risk. If the borrower of the securities fails financially, there is a risk of delay in recovery of the securities loaned or loss of rights in the collateral.
The cash collateral so acquired through qualified loan transactions may be invested only in those categories of high quality liquid securities previously authorized by the Board.
Market Events — Turbulence in the economic, political, and financial system has historically resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the capital markets. Both domestic and foreign capital markets have been experiencing increased volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected, and it is uncertain whether or for how long these conditions could continue.
Reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. This reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in small or emerging market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their security prices. These events and possible continued market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk — Investing in the securities of mid-capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price volatility than investing in more established companies with larger capitalization. Since mid-capitalization companies may have limited operating history, product lines and financial resources, the securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity and can be sensitive to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Other Investment Company Securities and Exchange Traded Products — A Fund at times may invest in shares of other investment companies and exchange-traded products, including open-end funds, closed-end funds, business development companies, exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), exchange-traded notes ("ETNs"), and interests in unit investment trusts. A Fund may invest in investment company securities advised by the Manager or a sub- advisor. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, a Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear a Fund's proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with a Fund's own operations. These other fees and expenses are reflected as Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and are included in the Fees and Expenses Table for a Fund in its Prospectus, if applicable. Investment in other investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above the value of such issuer's portfolio securities.
A Fund can invest free cash balances in registered open-end investment companies regulated as money market funds under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"), to provide liquidity or for defensive purposes. A Fund would invest in money market funds rather than purchasing individual short-term investments. If a Fund invests in money market funds shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which a Fund invests, including such fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager.
Although a money market fund is designed to be a relatively low risk investment, it is not free of risk. Despite the short maturities and high credit quality of a money market fund's investments, increases in interest rates and deteriorations in the credit quality of the instruments the money market fund has purchased may reduce the money market fund's yield and can cause the price of a money market security to decrease. In addition, a money market fund is subject to the risk that the value of an investment may be eroded over time by inflation.
A Fund may purchase shares of ETFs. ETFs trade like a common stock and passive ETFs usually represent a fixed portfolio of securities designed to track the performance and dividend yield of a particular domestic or foreign market index. Typically, a Fund would purchase passive ETF shares to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. As a shareholder of an ETF, a Fund would be subject to its ratable share of the ETF's expenses, including its advisory and administration expenses.
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An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional mutual fund (i.e., one that is not exchange traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and a Fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of the ETF's shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; or (3) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted if the listing exchange's officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are de-listed from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide "circuit breakers" (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally. A Fund may also invest in ETNs, which are structured debt securities. Whereas ETFs' liabilities are secured by their portfolio securities, ETNs' liabilities are unsecured general obligations of the issuer. ETFs and ETNs have expenses associated with their operation, typically including, with respect to ETFs, advisory fees.
Each Fund's investment in securities of other investment companies is generally limited to (i) 3% of the total voting stock of any one investment company, (ii) 5% of the Fund's total assets with respect to any one investment company and (iii) 10% of the Fund's total assets in all investment companies in the aggregate. However, a Fund may exceed these limits when investing in shares of an ETF or other investment company, subject to the terms and conditions of an exemptive order from the SEC obtained by the ETF or other investment company that permits an investing fund, such as the Fund, to invest in the ETF or other investment company in excess of the limits described above.
Preferred Stock — A preferred stock blends the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and its participation in the issuer's growth may be limited. Preferred stock generally has preference over common stock in the receipt of dividends and in any residual assets after payment to creditors should the issuer be dissolved. Although the dividend is set at a fixed or variable rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks associated with other types of equity securities, as well as additional risks, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, potentially greater volatility and risks related to deferral, non-cumulative dividends, subordination, liquidity, limited voting rights, and special redemption rights.
Publicly Traded Partnerships; Master Limited Partnerships — A Fund may invest in publicly traded partnerships such as master limited partnerships ("MLPs"). MLPs issue units that are registered with the SEC and are freely tradable on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter ("OTC") market. An MLP may have one or more general partners, who conduct the business, and one or more limited partners, who contribute capital. (An MLP also may be an entity similar to a limited partnership, such as a limited liability company, which has a manager or managing member and non-managing members (who are like limited partners)). The general partner or partners are jointly and severally responsible for the liabilities of the MLP. A Fund invests in an MLP as a limited partner and normally would not be liable for the debts of the MLP beyond the amount the Fund has invested therein but it would not be shielded to the same extent that a shareholder of a corporation would be. In certain instances, creditors of an MLP would have the right to seek a return of capital that had been distributed to a limited partner. The right of an MLP's creditors would continue even after a limited partner had sold its investment in the partnership. MLPs typically invest in real estate and oil and gas equipment leasing assets, but they also finance entertainment, research and development, and other projects.
Real Estate Related Investments — A Fund may gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked derivatives, real estate investment trusts ("REITs"), and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. Adverse economic, business or political developments affecting real estate could have a major effect on the value of a Fund's investments. Investing in securities issued by real estate and real estate-related companies may subject a Fund to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Changes in interest rates, debt leverage ratios, debt maturity schedules, and the availability of credit to real estate companies may also affect the value of a Fund's investment in real estate securities. Real estate securities are dependent upon specialized management skills at the operating company level, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of properties. Real estate securities are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers. The real estate industry tends to be cyclical. Such cycles may adversely affect the value of a Fund's portfolio. A Fund will indirectly bear a proportionate share of a REIT's ongoing operating fees and expense. In addition, tax-qualified REITs are subject to the possibility of failing to (a) qualify for tax-free "pass-through" of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Internal Revenue Code") and (b) maintain exemption eligibility from the investment company registration requirements.
Redemption Risk — A Fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause a Fund to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value. The sale of assets to meet redemption requests may create capital gains, which could cause a Fund to distribute substantial capital gains. Redemption risk is greater to the extent that one or more investors or intermediaries control a large percentage of investments in a Fund, have short investment horizons, or have unpredictable cash flow needs. Heavy redemptions, whether by a few large investors or many smaller investors, could hurt a Fund's performance.
Rights and Warrants — Rights are short-term warrants issued in conjunction with new stock or bond issues. Warrants are options to purchase an issuer's securities at a stated price during a stated term. If the market price of the underlying common stock does not exceed the warrant's exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire worthless. Warrants usually have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the value of a warrant may be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the value of the underlying common stock. Warrants may be purchased with values that vary depending on the change in value of one or more specified indices ("index warrants"). Index warrants are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the time of the exercise. The market for warrants or rights may be very limited and it may be difficult to sell them promptly at an acceptable price. There is no specific limit on the percentage of assets a Fund may invest in rights and warrants.
Small Capitalization Companies Risk — Investing in the securities of small capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price volatility than investing in larger capitalization and more established companies, since smaller companies may have limited operating history, product lines, and financial resources. The securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity and they can be particularly sensitive to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
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Statistical Approach — The sub-advisor uses a statistically driven approach to manage a Fund and resists overriding the statistical models with qualitative or subjective data. However, the sub-advisor may exclude stocks based on current narrow social reasons including, but not limited to, if the issuer of the stock: (i) is a target of Sudan divestiture; (ii) is principally engaged in the tobacco industry; or (iii) is substantially engaged in the production or trade of pornographic material. The number of such companies in the sub-advisor's universe is currently significantly less than one half of one percent, and is thus seen by the sub-advisor as "de minimis".
U.S. Government Agency Securities — U.S. Government agency securities are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Some obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others by discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and others only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality. U.S. Government securities bear fixed, floating or variable rates of interest. While the U.S. Government currently provides financial support to certain U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so, since it is not so obligated by law. U.S. Government securities include U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, Federal Home Loan Bank obligations, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank obligations, U.S. Government agency obligations and repurchase agreements secured thereby. U.S. Government agency securities are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
U.S. Treasury Obligations — U.S. Treasury obligations include bills (initial maturities of one year or less), notes (initial maturities between two and ten years), and bonds (initial maturities over ten years) issued by the U.S. Treasury, Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal component parts of such obligations (known as "STRIPS") and inflation-indexed securities. The prices of these securities (like all debt securities) change between issuance and maturity in response to fluctuating market interest rates. U.S. Treasury obligations are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
Valuation Risk — This is the risk that a Fund has valued certain securities at a price different from the price at which they can be sold. This risk may be especially pronounced for investments, such as certain derivatives, which may be illiquid or which may become illiquid.
Value Companies Risk — Value companies are subject to the risk that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market or that their prices may go down. While a Fund's investments in value stocks may limit its downside risk over time, a Fund may produce more modest gains than riskier stock funds as a trade-off for this potentially lower risk. Different investment styles tend to shift in and out of favor, depending on market conditions and investor sentiment. A Fund's investments in value stocks may underperform growth or non-value stocks that have a broader investment style.
OTHER INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
In addition to the investment strategies and risks described in the Prospectus:
Each Fund may (except where indicated otherwise):
Engage in dollar rolls or purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis. The purchase or sale of when-issued securities enables an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices by locking in an attractive price or yield. The price of when-issued securities is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase or sell is made, but delivery and payment for the when-issued securities takes place at a later date, normally one to two months after the date of purchase. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser to the issuer and no interest accrues to the purchaser. Such transactions therefore involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date. A sale of a when-issued security also involves the risk that the other party will be unable to settle the transaction. Dollar rolls are a type of forward commitment transaction. Purchases and sales of securities on a forward commitment basis involve a commitment to purchase or sell securities with payment and delivery to take place at some future date, normally one to two months after the date of the transaction. As with when-issued securities, these transactions involve certain risks, but they also enable an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. Forward commitment transactions are executed for existing obligations, whereas in a when-issued transaction, the obligations have not yet been issued. When purchasing securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, a segregated amount of liquid assets at least equal to the value of purchase commitments for such securities will be maintained until the settlement date.
Invest in other investment companies (including affiliated investment companies) to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, or exemptive relief granted by the SEC.
Loan securities to broker-dealers or other institutional investors. Securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by a Fund exceeds 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the market value of collateral received). For purposes of complying with a Fund's investment policies and restrictions, collateral received in connection with securities loans is deemed an asset of a Fund to the extent required by law.
Enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which securities are acquired by a Fund from a securities dealer or bank subject to resale at an agreed upon price on a later date. The acquiring Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and a Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. However, the Manager or the sub-advisors, as applicable, attempt to minimize this risk by entering into repurchase agreements only with financial institutions that are deemed to be of good financial standing.
Purchase securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the "private placement" exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act. A Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in Section 4(a)(2) securities and illiquid securities unless the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, determines, by continuous reference to the appropriate trading markets and pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board that any Section 4(a)(2) securities held by such Fund in excess of this level are at all times liquid.
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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Policies . Each Fund has the following fundamental investment policy that enables it to invest in another investment company or series thereof that has substantially similar investment objectives and policies:
Notwithstanding any other limitation, a Fund may invest all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objectives, policies and limitations as a Fund. For this purpose, "all of a Fund's investable assets" means that the only investment securities that will be held by a Fund will be a Fund's interest in the investment company.
All Funds (except American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund)
Fundamental Investment Restrictions . The following discusses the investment policies of each Fund, except American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund.
The following restrictions have been adopted by each Fund and may be changed with respect to any such Fund only by the majority vote of that Fund's outstanding interests. "Majority of the outstanding voting securities" under the Investment Company Act and as used herein means, with respect to each Fund, the lesser of (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present and represented at the shareholders' meeting or (b) more than 50% of the shares of the Fund.
No Fund may (unless otherwise indicated):
Purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnership interests, provided, however, that a Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein when consistent with the other policies and limitations described in the Prospectus.
Invest in physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent a Fund from purchasing or selling foreign currency, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis, and other similar financial instruments).
Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of securities, a Fund may be deemed an underwriter under federal securities law.
Lend any security or make any other loan except (i) as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act, (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, (iii) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities in accordance with a Fund's investment objective, policies and limitations, or (iv) by engaging in repurchase agreements.
Issue any senior security except as otherwise permitted (i) under the Investment Company Act or (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff.
Borrow money, except as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act or pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, including (i) as a temporary measure, (ii) by entering into reverse repurchase agreements, and (iii) by lending portfolio securities as collateral. For purposes of this investment limitation, the purchase or sale of options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other similar financial instruments shall not constitute borrowing.
Invest more than 5% of its total assets (taken at market value) in securities of any one issuer, other than obligations issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, or purchase more than 10% of the voting securities of any one issuer, with respect to 75% of a Fund's total assets.
Invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of companies primarily engaged in any one industry provided that: (i) this limitation does not apply to obligations issued by U.S. agencies; and (ii) tax exempt municipalities and their agencies and authorities are not deemed to be industries.
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund
Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The following discusses the investment policies of the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund.
The following restrictions have been adopted by the Fund and may be changed with respect to the Fund only by the majority vote of the Fund's outstanding interests. "Majority of the outstanding voting securities" under the Investment Company Act and as used herein means, with respect to the Fund, the lesser of (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present and represented at the shareholders' meeting or (b) more than 50% of the shares of the Fund.
The Fund may not:
Purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnership interests, provided, however, that the Fund may dispose of real estate acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments and invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein when consistent with the other policies and limitations described in the Prospectus.
Invest in physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling foreign currency, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis, and other similar financial instruments).
Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of securities, the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under federal securities law.
Lend any security or make any other loan except (i) as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act, (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, (iii) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities in accordance with the Fund's investment objective, policies and limitations, or (iv) by engaging in repurchase agreements.
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Issue any senior security except as otherwise permitted (i) under the Investment Company Act or (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff.
Borrow money, except as otherwise permitted under the Investment Company Act or pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, including (i) as a temporary measure, (ii) by entering into reverse repurchase agreements, and (iii) by lending portfolio securities as collateral. For purposes of this investment limitation, the purchase or sale of options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other similar financial instruments and margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to such instruments shall not constitute borrowing.
Invest more than 5% of its total assets (taken at market value) in securities of any one issuer, other than obligations issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, or purchase more than 10% of the voting securities of any one issuer, with respect to 75% of the Fund's total assets.
Invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of companies primarily engaged in any industry or group of industries provided that this limitation does not apply to: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities; and (ii) tax-exempt securities issued by municipalities and their agencies and authorities.
All Funds
The above percentage limits (except the limitation to borrowings) are based upon asset values at the time of the applicable transaction; accordingly, a subsequent change in asset values will not affect a transaction that was in compliance with the investment restrictions at the time such transaction was effected. With respect to the fundamental investment restriction relating to making loans set forth in number 4 above, securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by a Fund exceeds 33 1/3% of its total net assets (including the market value of collateral received).
For purposes of the Funds' policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (5) above, "senior securities" are defined as Fund obligations that have a priority over the Funds' shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Fund assets. The Investment Company Act prohibits the Funds from issuing any class of senior securities or selling any senior securities of which it is the issuer, except that the Funds are permitted to borrow from a bank so long as, immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings of the Fund (not including borrowings for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets). In the event that such asset coverage falls below this percentage, the Funds are required to reduce the amount of its borrowings within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) so that the asset coverage is restored to at least 300%. Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC and its staff, the requisite asset coverage may vary among different types of instruments. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.
For purposes of the Funds' industry concentration policy, the Manager may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and instrument and may assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics. The Manager may, but need not, consider industry classifications provided by third parties, and the classifications applied to Fund investments will be informed by applicable law. A large economic or market sector shall not be construed as a single industry or group of industries. The Manager currently considers securities issued by a foreign government (but not the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities) to be an "industry" subject to the 25% limitation. Thus, not more than 25% of a Fund's assets will be invested in securities issued by any one foreign government or supranational organization. A Fund might invest in certain securities issued by companies in a particular industry whose obligations are guaranteed by a foreign government. The Manager could consider such a company to be within the particular industry and, therefore, the Fund will invest in the securities of such a company only if it can do so under its policy of not being concentrated in any particular industry or group of industries.
Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions . The following non-fundamental investment restrictions apply to each Fund (except where noted otherwise) and may be changed with respect to each Fund by a vote of a majority of the Board. Each Fund may not:
Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including time deposits and repurchase agreements that mature in more than seven days; or
Purchase securities on margin , except that (1) a Fund may obtain such short term credits necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (2) a Fund may make margin payments in connection with foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities purchased or sold on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis or other financial instruments.
All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment. Except for the investment restrictions listed above as fundamental or to the extent designated as such in the Prospectus with respect to each Fund, the other investment policies described in this SAI are not fundamental and may be changed by approval of the Trustees.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE INVESTMENTS
In times of unstable or adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, where the Manager or a sub-advisor believes it is appropriate and in a Fund's best interest, a Fund can invest up to 100% in cash and other types of securities for defensive or temporary purposes. It can also hold cash or purchase these types of securities for liquidity purposes to meet cash needs due to redemptions of Fund shares, or to hold while waiting to invest cash received from purchases of Fund shares or the sale of other portfolio securities.
These temporary investments can include (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agents or instrumentalities; (ii) commercial paper rated in the highest short term category by a rating organization; (iii) domestic, Yankee and Eurodollar certificates of deposit or bankers' acceptances of banks rated in the highest short term category by a rating organization; (iv) any of the foregoing securities that mature in one year or
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less (generally known as "cash equivalents"); (v) other short-term corporate debt obligations; (vi) repurchase agreements; (vii) futures or (viii) shares of money market funds, including funds advised by the Manager or a sub-advisor.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Portfolio turnover is a measure of trading activity in a portfolio of securities, usually calculated over a period of one year. The rate is calculated by dividing the lesser amount of purchases or sales of securities by the average amount of securities held over the period. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% would indicate that a Fund sold and replaced the entire value of its securities holdings during the period. High portfolio turnover can increase a Fund's transaction costs and generate additional capital gains or losses.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Each Fund publicly discloses portfolio holdings information as follows:
a complete list of holdings for each Fund on an annual and semi-annual basis in the reports to shareholders within sixty days of the end of each fiscal semi-annual period and in publicly available filings of Form N-CSR with the SEC within ten days thereafter;
a complete list of holdings for each Fund as of the end of its first and third fiscal quarters in publicly available filings of Form N-Q with the SEC within sixty days of the end of the fiscal quarter;
a complete list of holdings for the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund as of the end of each month on the Funds' website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) approximately twenty days after the end of the month;
a complete list of holdings for the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund and American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter on the Funds' website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) approximately sixty days after the end of the calendar quarter; and
ten largest holdings for each Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter on the Funds' website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) and in sales materials approximately fifteen days after the end of the calendar quarter.
Public disclosure of a Fund's holdings on the website and in sales materials may be delayed when an investment manager informs the Fund that such disclosure could be harmful to the Fund. In addition, individual holdings may be omitted from website and sales material disclosure, when such omission is deemed to be in the Fund's best interest.
Disclosure of Nonpublic Holdings . Occasionally, certain interested parties—including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries that distribute shares of the Funds, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, and others—may request portfolio holdings information that has not yet been publicly disclosed by the Funds. The Funds' policy is to control the disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information in an attempt to prevent parties from utilizing such information to engage in trading activity harmful to Fund shareholders. To this end, the Board has adopted a Policy and Procedures for Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information (the "Holdings Policy"). The purpose of the Holdings Policy is to define those interested parties who are authorized to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information on a selective basis and to set forth conditions upon which such information may be provided. In general, nonpublic portfolio holdings may be disclosed on a selective basis only when it is determined that (i) there is a legitimate business purpose for the information; (ii) recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the nonpublic information; and (iii) disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders. The Holdings Policy does not restrict a Fund from disclosing that a particular security is not a holding of the Fund. The Holdings Policy is summarized below.
A variety of third party service providers require access to Fund holdings to provide services to the Funds or to assist the Manager and the sub-advisors in managing the Funds ("service providers"). The service providers have a duty to keep the Funds' nonpublic information confidential either through written contractual arrangements with the Funds (or another Fund service provider) or by the nature of their role with respect to the Funds (or the service provider). The Funds have determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to service providers fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders. In addition, the Funds have determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to members of the Board fulfills a legitimate business purpose, is in the best interest of Fund shareholders, and each Trustee is subject to a duty of confidentiality.
The Funds have ongoing arrangements to provide nonpublic holdings information to the following service providers:
Service Provider |
Service |
Holdings Access |
Manager |
Investment management and administrator |
Complete list on intraday basis with no lag |
Sub-Advisor |
Investment management |
Holdings under sub-advisor's management on intraday basis with no lag |
State Street Bank and Trust Co. (“State Street”) and its designated foreign sub-custodians |
Securities lending agent for Funds that participate in securities lending, Funds’ custodian and foreign custody manager, and foreign sub-custodians |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Ernst & Young LLP |
Fund's independent registered public accounting firm |
Complete list on annual basis with no lag |
Abel Noser Solutions |
Trade execution cost analysis |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Advent Software, Inc. |
Corporate actions research provider for sub-advisor |
Complete list for Holland Fund on daily basis with no lag |
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Assets Advisers Management |
Model support for sub-advisor |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Automated Securities Clearance LLC |
Compliance monitoring |
Complete list on daily basis with one-day lag |
Baseline Analytics |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Bloomberg Finance L.P. |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. |
Proxy voting research provider for sub-advisor |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Charles River Systems, Inc. |
Trade order management for sub-advisors |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
FactSet Research Systems, Inc. |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting for the Manager and sub-advisors |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS") |
Proxy voting research provider to sub-advisors |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Investment Technology Group, Inc. |
Fair valuation of portfolio securities for Funds with significant foreign securities holdings; transaction cost analysis for sub-advisor |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag and more frequently when the Manager seeks advice with respect to certain holdings |
STP Investment Services |
Accounting and operations agent for Bridgeway |
Complete list for Bridgeway Fund on daily basis with no lag |
The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. |
Accounting and operations agent for Stephens |
Complete list for Stephens Funds on daily basis with no lag |
The Yield Book Inc. |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting |
Complete list on monthly basis with four-day lag |
Certain third parties are provided with nonpublic holdings information (either complete or partial lists) by the Manager or another service provider on an ad hoc basis. These third parties include broker-dealers, prospective sub-advisors, borrowers of the Funds' portfolio securities, pricing services, legal counsel, and issuers (or their agents). Broker-dealers utilized by the Funds in the process of purchasing and selling portfolio securities or providing market quotations receive limited holdings information on a current basis with no lag. The Manager provides current holdings to investment managers being considered for appointment as a sub-advisor to the Funds. If the Funds participate in securities lending activities, potential borrowers of the Funds' securities receive information pertaining to the Funds' securities available for loan. Such information is provided on a current basis with no lag. The Funds utilize various pricing services to supply market quotations and evaluated prices to State Street. State Street and the Manager may disclose current nonpublic holdings to those pricing services. An investment manager may provide holdings information to legal counsel when seeking advice regarding those holdings. From time to time, an issuer (or its agent) may contact the Funds requesting confirmation of ownership of the issuer's securities. Such holdings information is provided to the issuer (or its agent) as of the date requested. The Funds do not have written contractual arrangements with these third parties regarding the confidentiality of the holdings information. However, the Funds would not continue to utilize a third party that the Manager determined to have misused nonpublic holdings information.
The Funds have ongoing arrangements to provide periodic holdings information to certain organizations that publish ratings and/or rankings for the Funds or that redistribute the Funds' holdings to financial intermediaries to facilitate their analysis of the Funds. The Funds have determined that disclosure of holdings information to such organizations fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders, as it provides existing and potential shareholders with an independent basis for evaluating the Funds in comparison to other mutual funds. As of the date of this SAI, all such organizations receive holdings information after it has been made public on the Funds' website.
No compensation or other consideration may be paid to the Funds, the Funds' service providers, or any other party in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information.
Under the Holdings Policy, disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to parties other than those discussed above must meet all of the following conditions:
Recipients of portfolio holdings information must agree in writing to keep the information confidential until it has been posted to the Funds' website and not to trade based on the information;
Holdings may only be disclosed as of a month-end date;
No compensation may be paid to the Funds, the Manager or any other party in connection with the disclosure of information about portfolio securities; and
A member of the Manager's Compliance staff must approve requests for nonpublic holdings information.
In determining whether to approve a request for portfolio holdings disclosure by the Manager, Compliance staff generally considers the type of requestor and its relationship to the Funds, the stated reason for the request, any historical pattern of requests from that same individual or entity, the style and strategy of the Fund for which holdings have been requested (e.g., passive versus active management), whether the Fund is managed by one or multiple investment managers, and any other factors it deems relevant. Any potential conflicts between shareholders and affiliated persons of the Funds that arise as a result of a request for portfolio holdings information shall be decided by the Manager in the best interests of shareholders. However, if a conflict exists between the interests of shareholders and the Manager, the Manager may present the details of the request to the Board for a determination to either approve or deny the request. On a quarterly basis, the Manager will prepare a report for the Board outlining any instances of disclosures of nonpublic holdings during the period that did not comply with the Holdings Policy.
The Compliance staff generally determines whether a historical pattern of requests by the same individual or entity constitutes an "ongoing arrangement" and should be disclosed in the Funds' SAI.
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The Manager and sub-advisors to the Funds may manage substantially similar portfolios for clients other than the Funds. Those other clients may receive and publicly disclose their portfolio holdings information prior to public disclosure by the Funds. The Holdings Policy is not intended to limit the Manager or the sub-advisors from making such disclosures to their clients.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
A Fund may lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions needing to borrow securities to complete certain transactions. In connection with such loans, the Fund remains the beneficial owner of the loaned securities and continues to be entitled to payments in amounts approximately equal to the interest, dividends or other distributions payable on the loaned securities. A Fund also has the right to terminate a loan at any time. A Fund does not have the right to vote on securities while they are on loan. However, it is the Funds' policy to attempt to terminate loans in time to vote those proxies that a Fund determines are material to its interests. Loans of portfolio securities may not exceed 33 1/3% of the value of a Fund's total assets (including the value of all assets received as collateral for the loan). The Funds will receive collateral consisting of cash in the form of U.S. dollars, foreign currency, or securities issued or fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government which will be maintained at all times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. If the collateral consists of cash, a Fund will reinvest the cash and pay the borrower a pre-negotiated fee or "rebate" from any return earned on the investment. Should the borrower of the securities fail financially, a Fund may experience delays in recovering the loaned securities or exercising its rights in the collateral. Loans are made only to borrowers that are deemed by the Manager to present acceptable credit risk on a fully collateralized basis. In a loan transaction, a Fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. A Fund seeks to minimize this risk by limiting the investment of cash collateral to registered money market funds, including money market funds advised by the Manager that invest in U.S. Government and agency securities.
For all funds that engage in securities lending, the Manager receives compensation for administrative and oversight functions with respect to securities lending, including oversight of the securities lending agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. The amount of such compensation depends on the income generated by the loan of the securities. Each Fund continues to receive payments equal to any dividends or interest, as applicable, paid on the securities loaned and simultaneously earns either interest on the investment of the cash collateral and/or fee income if the loan is otherwise collateralized.
As of the date of this SAI, the Funds intend to engage in securities lending activities.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
The Board of Trustees
The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees. The Board is responsible for and oversees the overall management and operations of the Trust and the Funds, which includes the general oversight and review of the Funds' investment activities, in accordance with federal law and the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as well as the stated policies of the Funds. The Board oversees the Trust's officers and service providers, including American Beacon Advisors, Inc. ("American Beacon"), which is responsible for the management of the day-to-day operations of the Funds based on policies and agreements reviewed and approved by the Board. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including American Beacon's investment personnel and the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO"). The Board also is assisted by the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (which reports directly to the Trust's Audit and Compliance Committee), independent counsel and other experts as appropriate, all of whom are selected by the Board.
Risk Oversight
Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Trust and its Funds, the Board oversees the management of risks relating to the administration and operation of the Trust and the Funds. American Beacon, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Funds, is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the Funds. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment, also separately considers potential risks that may impact the Funds. The Board performs this risk management oversight directly and, as to certain matters, through its committees (described below) and through the Board members who are not "interested persons" of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act ("Independent Trustees"). The following provides an overview of the principal, but not all, aspects of the Board's oversight of risk management for the Trust and the Funds.
In general, the Fund's risks include, among others, investment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, securities selection risk and valuation risk. The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address these and other risks to the Trust and the Fund. In addition, under the general oversight of the Board, American Beacon, each Fund's investment adviser, and other service providers to the Funds have themselves adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Funds. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Further, American Beacon as manager of the Funds oversees and regularly monitors the investments, operations and compliance of the Funds' investment advisers.
The Board also oversees risk management for the Trust and the Funds through review of regular reports, presentations and other information from officers of the Trust and other persons. Senior officers of the Trust, and senior officers of American Beacon, and the Funds' CCO regularly report to the Board on a range of matters, including those relating to risk management. The Board and the Investment Committee also regularly receive reports from American Beacon with respect to the investments, securities trading and securities lending activities of the Funds. In addition to regular reports from American Beacon, the Board also receives reports regarding other service providers to the Trust, either directly or through American Beacon or the Funds' CCO, on a periodic or regular basis. At least annually, the Board receives a report from the Funds' CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Funds' compliance program. Also, typically on an annual basis, the Board receives reports, presentations and other information from American Beacon in connection with the Board's consideration of the renewal of each of the Trust's agreements with American Beacon and the Trust's distribution plans under Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act.
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Senior officers of the Trust and American Beacon also report regularly to the Audit and Compliance Committee on Fund valuation matters and on the Trust's internal controls and accounting and financial reporting policies and practices. In addition, the Audit and Compliance Committee receives regular reports from the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Audit and Compliance Committee meets with the Funds' CCO to discuss matters relating to the Funds' compliance program.
Board Structure and Related Matters
Independent Trustees constitute at least two-thirds of the Board. Richard A. Massman, an Independent Trustee, serves as Independent Chair of the Board. The Independent Chair's responsibilities include: setting an agenda for each meeting of the Board; presiding at all meetings of the Board and Independent Trustees; and serving as a liaison with other Trustees, the Trust's officers and other management personnel, and counsel to the Funds. The Independent Chair shall perform such other duties as the Board may from time to time determine.
The Trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Board that delineates the responsibilities of that committee. The Board has established three standing committees: the Audit and Compliance Committee, the Investment Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. For example, the Investment Committee is responsible for oversight of the process, typically performed annually, by which the Board considers and approves the Funds' investment advisory agreement with American Beacon, while specific matters related to oversight of the Funds' independent auditors have been delegated by the Board to its Audit and Compliance Committee, subject to approval of the Audit and Compliance Committee's recommendations by the Board. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized below.
The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations. The Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Chair position and its committees, is appropriate for the Trust in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Funds, the number of series of the American Beacon Funds Complex overseen by the Board, the arrangements for the conduct of the Fund's operations, the number of Trustees, and the Board's responsibilities. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each of its committees, the Trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of Funds in the complex.
The Trust is part of the American Beacon Funds Complex, which is comprised of the 32 series within the American Beacon Funds, 1 series within the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, and 1 series within the American Beacon Select Funds. The same persons who constitute the Board of the Trust also constitute the board of trustees of American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust and American Beacon Select Funds and each Trustee oversees the Trusts' combined 34 series.
The Board holds five (5) regularly scheduled meetings each year. The Board may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone, to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees also hold at least one in-person meeting each year during a portion of which management is not present and may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone.
The Trustees of the Trust are identified in the tables below, which provide information as to their principal business occupations and directorships held during the last five years and certain other information. Subject to the Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Policy described below, a Trustee serves until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. The address of each Trustee listed below is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term or until his or her removal, resignation, or retirement.* Each Trustee has and continues to serve the same term as a Trustee of the American Beacon Select Funds as he or she has with the Trust.
Name (Age) * |
Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Select Funds |
Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust |
Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships During Past 5 Years |
INTERESTED TRUSTEE |
|
|
|
Alan D. Feld ** (80) |
Trustee of American Beacon Funds since 1996
|
Trustee since 2017 |
Partner in the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP (law firm) (1960- Present); Trustee, American Beacon Mileage Funds (1996-2012). |
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
|
|
|
Gilbert G. Alvarado ( 47) |
Trustee since 2015 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Director, Kura MD, Inc. (local telehealth organization) (2015-present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation (health conversion private foundation) (2006-Present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation: Center for Health Program Management (California public benefit corporation) (2012-Present); Director, Innovative North State (2012-2015); Director, Sacramento Regional Technology Alliance (2011- 2016); Director, Women’s Empowerment (2009-2014); Director, Valley Healthcare Staffing (2017-present). |
16 |
* The Board has adopted a retirement policy that requires Trustees, other than Mr. Feld, to retire no later than the last day of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75.
** Mr. Feld is deemed to be an "interested person" of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. Mr. Feld's law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld LLP has provided legal services within the past two fiscal years to one or more sub-advisors to certain funds in the American Beacon Funds complex.
In addition to the information set forth in the tables above and other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills applicable to a particular Trustee, the following provides further information about the qualifications and experience of each Trustee.
Gilbert G. Alvarado: Mr. Alvarado has extensive organizational management and financial experience as vice president and chief financial officer in public charities, and a health conversion private foundation, chief financial and information officer of the largest health foundation on the Texas/Mexico border and an accountant with a regional health system.
Joseph B. Armes: Mr. Armes has extensive financial, investment and organizational management experience as chairman of the board of directors, president and chief executive officer of an investment company listed on NASDAQ, president and chief executive officer of a private family investment vehicle, chief operating officer of a private holding company for a family office, president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer and director of a special purpose acquisition company listed on the American Stock Exchange, a director and audit committee chair of an oil and gas exploration and production company listed on the New York Stock Exchange and as an officer of public companies and as a director and officer of private companies.
Gerard J. Arpey: Mr. Arpey has extensive organizational management, financial and international experience serving as chairman, chief executive officer, and chief financial officer of one of the largest global airlines, service as a director of public and private companies, service to several charitable organizations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Brenda A. Cline: Ms. Cline has extensive organizational management, financial and investment experience as executive vice president, chief financial officer, secretary and treasurer to a private foundation, service as a director and member of the audit and nominating and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a trustee to a private university, and several charitable boards, including acting as a member of their investment and\or audit committees, extensive experience as an audit senior manager with a large public accounting firm, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
17 |
Eugene J. Duffy: Mr. Duffy has extensive experience in the investment management business and organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of a bank, service as a chairman of a charitable fund and as a trustee to an association, service on the board of a private university and non-profit organization, service as chair to an financial services industry association, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Thomas M. Dunning: Mr. Dunning has extensive organizational management experience founding and serving as chairman and chief executive officer of a private company, service as a director of a private company, service as chairman of a large state municipal bond issuer and chairman of a large airport authority, also an issuer of bonds, service as a board member of a state department of transportation, service as a director of various foundations, service as chair of civic organizations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Alan D. Feld: Mr. Feld has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as chairman of a law firm, experience as a director of several publicly held companies, service as a trustee of a private university and a board member of a hospital, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Richard A. Massman: Mr. Massman has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as a founding member of a law firm, experience as a senior vice president and general counsel of a large private company, service as the chairman and director of several foundations, including services on their Investment Committees and Finance Committees, chairman of a governmental board, chairman of various professional organizations and multiple years of service as a Trustee and as Independent Chair.
Barbara J. McKenna: Ms. McKenna has extensive experience in the investment management industry, organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of an investment manager, member of numerous financial services industry associations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
R. Gerald Turner: Mr. Turner has extensive organizational management experience as president of a private university, service as a director and member of the audit and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a member to several charitable boards, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Committees of the Board
The Trust has an Audit and Compliance Committee ("Audit Committee"). The Audit Committee consists of Ms. Cline (Chair), and Messrs. Duffy, Alvarado, and Dunning. Mr. Massman, as Chairman of the Trust, serves on the Audit Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. None of the members of the committee are "interested persons" of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. As set forth in its charter, the primary duties of the Trust's Audit Committee are: (a) to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and the Funds and their internal controls and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal controls of certain third-party service providers; (b) to oversee the quality and integrity of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (c) to approve, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust's independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust's independent auditors; (d) to oversee the Trust's compliance with all regulatory obligations arising under applicable federal securities laws, rules and regulations and oversee management's implementation and enforcement of the Trust's compliance policies and procedures ("Compliance Program"); and (e) to coordinate the Board's oversight of the Trust's CCO in connection with his or her implementation of the Trust's Compliance Program. The Audit Committee met five (5) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The Trust has a Nominating and Governance Committee ("Nominating Committee") that is comprised of Messrs. Feld (Chair), Turner, and Massman. As set forth in its charter, the Nominating Committee's primary duties are: (a) to make recommendations regarding the nomination of non-interested Trustees to the Board; (b) to make recommendations regarding the appointment of an Independent Trustee as Chairman of the Board; (c) to evaluate qualifications of potential "interested" members of the Board and Trust officers; (d) to review shareholder recommendations for nominations to fill vacancies on the Board; (e) to make recommendations to the Board for nomination for membership on all committees of the Board; (f) to consider and evaluate the structure, composition and operation of the Board; (g) to review shareholder recommendations for proposals to be submitted for consideration during a meeting of Fund shareholders; and (h) to consider and make recommendations relating to the compensation of Independent Trustees and of those officers as to whom the Board is charged with approving compensation. Shareholder recommendations for Trustee candidates may be mailed in writing, including a comprehensive resume and any supporting documentation, to the Nominating Committee in care of the Secretary of the Fund. The Nominating and Governance Committee met five (5) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The Trust has an Investment Committee that is comprised of, Ms. McKenna (Chair), Messrs. Armes and Arpey. Mr. Massman, as Chairman of the Trust, serves on the Investment Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. As set forth in its charter, the Investment Committee's primary duties are: (a) to review and evaluate the short- and long-term investment performance of the Manager and each of the designated sub-advisors to the Fund; (b) to evaluate recommendations by the Manager regarding the hiring or removal of designated sub-advisors to the Fund; (c) to review material changes recommended by the Manager to the allocation of Fund assets to a sub-advisor; (d) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the investment objective or principal investment strategies of the Fund; and (e) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the material provisions of the advisory agreement with a sub-advisor, including, but not limited to, changes to the provision regarding compensation. The Investment Committee met four (4) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
18 |
Trustee Ownership in the Funds
The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned in the American Beacon Funds family by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2016.
|
INTERESTED TRUSTEE |
American Beacon Fund |
Feld |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
None |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
None |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
None |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
None |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
None |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
None |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Trusts (27 Funds as of December 31, 2016) |
Over $100,000 |
Trustee Compensation
Effective July 1, 2016, as compensation for their service to the American Beacon funds complex, including the Trust (collectively, the "Trusts"), each Trustee is compensated from the Trusts as follows: (1) an annual retainer of $120,000; (2) meeting attendance fee (for attendance in person or via teleconference) of (a) $5,000 for attendance by Board members for each regularly scheduled Board meeting, (b) $2,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee, and (c) $1,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Nominating and Governance Committee; and (3) reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred in attending Board meetings, Committee meetings, and relevant educational seminars. The Trustees also may be compensated for attendance at special Board and/or Committee meetings from time to time.
Effective as of July 1, 2016, for his service as Board Chairman, Mr. Massman receives an additional annual retainer of $50,000. Although he attends several committee meetings at each quarterly Board meeting, he receives only a single $5,000 fee each quarter for his attendance at those meetings. The chairpersons of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee each receive an additional annual retainer of $25,000 and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee receives an additional annual retainer of $10,000.
19 |
Brenda A. Cline |
$156,440 |
1 |
$162,500 |
Eugene J. Duffy |
$142,000 |
|
$147,500 |
Thomas M. Dunning |
$142,000 |
|
$147,500 |
Richard A. Massman |
$178,101 |
1 |
$185,000 |
Barbara J. McKenna |
$149,220 |
|
$155,000 |
R. Gerald Turner |
$137,186 |
1 |
$142,500 |
1 Upon retirement from the Board, each of these Trustees is eligible for flight benefits afforded to Trustees who served on the Boards as of June 4, 2008 as described below.
2 Mr. Bogart received compensation from the Trust prior to and up to the end of the quarter of his death on April 6, 2016.
The Boards adopted a Trustee Retirement Policy and Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Plan ("Plan"). The Plan provides that a Trustee who has served on the Boards prior to September 12, 2008, and who has reached a mandatory retirement age established by the Board (currently 75) is eligible to elect Trustee Emeritus status ("Eligible Trustees"). The Eligible Trustees are Messrs. Feld, Massman and Turner and Ms. Cline. The mandatory retirement age does not apply to Mr. Feld. Additionally, Eligible Trustees who have served on the Board of one or more Trusts for at least five years may elect to retire from the Board at an earlier age and immediately assume Trustee Emeritus status. The Board has determined that, other than the Plan established for Eligible Trustees, no other retirement benefits will accrue for current or future Trustees.
Upon assuming Trustee Emeritus status, each eligible Trustee and his or her spouse (or designated companion) may receive annual flight benefits from the Trusts of up to $40,000 combined, on a tax-grossed up basis, on American Airlines (a subsidiary of the Manager's former parent company) for a maximum period of 10 years, depending upon length of service prior to September 12, 2008. Eligible Trustees may opt to receive instead an annual retainer of $20,000 from the Trusts in lieu of flight benefits. No retirement benefits are accrued for Board service after September 12, 2008.
A Trustee Emeritus must commit to provide certain ongoing services and advice to the Board members and the Trusts; however, a Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Fund(s). Currently, two individuals who retired from the Board prior to September 12, 2008, have assumed Trustee Emeritus status. One receives an annual retainer of $20,000 from the Trusts. The other individual and his spouse receive annual flight benefits of up to $40,000 combined, on a tax-grossed up basis, on American Airlines.
Principal Officers of the Trust
The Officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. As of the date of this SAI, the Officers of the Trust, their ages, their business address and their principal occupations and directorships during the past five years are as set forth below. The address of each Officer is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Officer serves for a term of one year or until his or her resignation, retirement, or removal. Each Officer has and continues to hold the same position with the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust.
20 |
CODE OF ETHICS
The Manager, the Trust and the sub-advisors each have adopted a Code of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act. Each Code of Ethics significantly restricts the personal trading of all employees with access to non-public portfolio information. For example, each Code of Ethics generally requires pre-clearance of all personal securities trades (with limited exceptions) and prohibits employees from purchasing or selling a security that is being purchased or sold or being considered for purchase (with limited exceptions) or sale by any Fund. In addition, the Manager's and Trust's Code of Ethics requires employees to report trades in shares of the Trusts. Each Code of Ethics is on public file with, and may be obtained from, the SEC.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
From time to time, the Funds may own a security whose issuer solicits a proxy vote on certain matters. The Board seeks to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of each Fund's shareholders and has delegated proxy voting authority to the Manager. The Manager in turn has delegated proxy voting authority to the sub-advisor with respect to each Fund's assets under the sub-advisor's management. The Trust has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the "Policy") that governs proxy voting by the Manager and sub-advisors, including procedures to address potential conflicts of interest between the Fund's shareholders and the Manager, the sub-advisors or their affiliates. The Trust's Board of Trustees has approved the Manager's proxy voting policies and procedures with respect to Fund assets under the Manager's management. Please see Appendix A for a copy of the Policy. The sub-advisors' proxy voting policy and procedures are summarized (or included in their entirety) in Appendix B. The Funds' proxy voting record for the most recent year ended June 30 is available as of August 31 of each year upon request and without charge by calling 1-800-967-9009 or by visiting the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. The proxy voting record can be found in Form N-PX on the SEC's website.
CONTROL PERSONS AND 5% SHAREHOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of any Class of the Funds' outstanding shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Funds. The actions of an entity or person that controls the Fund could have an effect on other shareholders. For instance, a control person may have effective voting control over the Funds or large redemptions by a control person could cause the Funds' other shareholders to pay a higher pro rata portion of the Funds' expenses.
21 |
Set forth below are entities or persons that own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Class of the Fund as of March 31, 2017. The Trustee and officers as a group own 1.16% of the Institutional Class shares of the American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund. The Trustees and officers of the Trusts, as a group own less than 1% of all other classes of each Fund's shares outstanding.
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC * |
|
|
|
46.32% |
15.35% |
17.96% |
SPECIAL CUST A/C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 MAIN ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105-1905 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
|
17.48% |
33.01% |
|
6.44% |
28.22% |
FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 509046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC* |
30.29% |
47.86% |
9.95% |
6.05% |
51.09% |
38.08% |
FOR EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUR CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FLOOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
499 WASHINGTON BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07310-1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERSHING LLC* |
|
|
14.84% |
|
17.93% |
|
1 PERSHING PLZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07399-0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS |
|
|
24.54% |
41.25% |
|
|
220 LAS COLINAS BLVD E STE 1200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
IRVING TX 75039-5500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
22 |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
AMERITRADE INC * |
33.42% |
|
|
33.86% |
|
|
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OF OUR CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 2226 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OMAHA NE 68103-2226 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC* |
19.61% |
|
|
19.79% |
24.43% |
|
SPECIAL CUST A/C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 MAIN ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105-1905 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
3.34% |
81.51% |
28.12% |
|
57.74% |
56.13% |
OMNIBUS CUSTOMER ACCOUNT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND TRADING |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4707 EXECUTIVE DR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92121-3091 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC* |
18.39% |
|
|
18.64% |
|
|
FOR EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUR CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FLOOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
499 WASHINGTON BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07310-1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERSHING LLC* |
2.96% |
18.49% |
71.88% |
|
|
43.83% |
1 PERSHING PLZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07399-0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GREAT-WEST TRUST COMPANY LLC TTEE F |
0.02% |
|
|
|
6.19% |
|
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS CLIENTS 401K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8515 E ORCHARD RD 2T2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GREENWOOD VILLAGE CO 80111-5002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
23 |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
AMERITRADE INC * |
1.85% |
|
|
6.20% |
|
|
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BENEFIT OF OUR CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 2226 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OMAHA NE 68103-2226 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC* |
29.22% |
|
|
|
63.00% |
22.26% |
SPECIAL CUST A/C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 MAIN ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105-1905 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
12.26% |
10.03% |
7.00% |
|
|
36.87% |
FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4707 EXECUTIVE DR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92121-3091 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH INC* |
1.56% |
|
13.77% |
|
|
|
THE AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4800 DEER LAKE DR EAST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC* |
0.87% |
|
5.03% |
|
|
|
1 NEW YORK PLZ FL 12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NEW YORK NY 10004-1901 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC* |
10.15% |
10.56% |
9.10% |
32.02% |
19.39% |
|
FOR EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF OUR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FLOOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
499 WASHINGTON BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07310-1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERSHING LLC* |
4.59% |
5.66% |
12.00% |
|
|
|
1 PERSHING PLZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07399-0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAYMOND JAMES* |
2.17% |
|
10.31% |
|
|
6.36% |
OMNIBUS FOR MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOUSE ACCT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN COURTNEY WALLER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
880 CARILLON PKWY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST PETERSBURG FL 33716-1100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WELLS FARGO CLEARING SERVICES LLC* |
2.30% |
5.29% |
17.92% |
|
|
|
SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCT FOR THE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2801 MARKET ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST LOUIS MO 63103-2523 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
24 |
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC * |
|
7.17% |
|
|
|
|
SPECIAL CUSTODY A/C FBO CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN TREASURY CAPITAL MKTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
101 MONTGOMERY 120KNY-13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
|
49.62% |
29.35% |
|
|
|
FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 509046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERSHING LLC* |
|
|
|
|
|
23.06% |
1 PERSHING PLZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07399-0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAYMOND JAMES* |
|
|
50.80% |
|
|
5.29% |
OMNIBUS FOR MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOUSE ACCT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN COURTNEY WALLER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
880 CARILLON PKWY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST PETERSBURG FL 33716-1100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UBS WM USA* |
|
|
7.03% |
|
|
63.37% |
OMNI ACCOUNT M/F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPEC CDY A/C EBOC UBSFSI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1000 HARBOR BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEEHAWKEN NJ 07086-6761 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INV SVCS |
|
10.29% |
|
|
|
|
707 2ND AVE S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MINNEAPOLIS MN 55402-2405 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DC PLUS MODEL PORTFOLIOS 401 |
|
|
|
19.46% |
|
|
C/O ICMA RETIREMENT CORPORATION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
777 NORTH CAPITOL STREET, NE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WASHINGTON DC 20002-4239 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DC PLUS MODEL PORTFOLIOS 457 |
|
|
|
46.25% |
|
|
C/O ICMA RETIREMENT CORPORATION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
777 NORTH CAPITOL STREET, NE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WASHINGTON DC 20002-4239 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK NA CUST |
|
|
|
5.04% |
|
|
FBO TIAA SEPARATE ACCOUNT VA3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 CHASE METROTECH CTR FL 4TH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BROOKLYN NY 11245-0003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MONICA L WALKER TRUST |
|
|
|
7.56% |
|
|
MONICA L WALKER TR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
U/A 03/08/2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 W SUPERIOR ST APT 3501 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHICAGO IL 60654-8845 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPPENHEIMER & CO INC. FBO |
|
|
7.99% |
|
|
|
DALLAS JOHN FRASER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9170 DEGLER CIR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
CHANHASSEN MN 55317-4780 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VALIC |
67.91% |
|
|
|
83.28% |
|
2929 ALLEN PKWY STE A6-20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOUSTON TX 77019-7117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE AND |
|
|
|
|
12.84% |
|
ANNUITY COMPANY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MICHAEL KAMINSKI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ONE ORANGE WAY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WINDSOR CT 06095-4773 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
26 |
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC * |
|
15.99% |
|
0.12 |
0.68 |
|
SPECIAL CUSTODY A/C FBO CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN TREASURY CAPITAL MKTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
101 MONTGOMERY 120KNY-13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
|
|
14.78% |
|
|
|
FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 509046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
|
5.01% |
|
|
|
8.16% |
OMNIBUS CUSTOMER ACCOUNT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND TRADING |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4707 EXECUTIVE DR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92121-3091 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC* |
|
|
|
|
|
22.17% |
1 NEW YORK PLZ FL 12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NEW YORK NY 10004-1901 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC* |
34.47% |
59.92% |
|
37.39% |
9.47% |
20.21% |
FOR EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF OUR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FLOOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
499 WASHINGTON BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07310-1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAYMOND JAMES* |
|
6.78% |
42.60% |
|
|
25.97% |
OMNIBUS FOR MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOUSE ACCT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN COURTNEY WALLER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
880 CARILLON PKWY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST PETERSBURG FL 33716-1100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UBS WM USA* |
|
|
|
|
|
17.37% |
OMNI ACCOUNT M/F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPEC CDY A/C EBOC UBSFSI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1000 HARBOR BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEEHAWKEN NJ 07086-6761 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WELLS FARGO CLEARING SERVICES LLC* |
|
|
14.33% |
|
|
|
SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCT FOR THE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2801 MARKET ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST LOUIS MO 63103-2523 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASCENSUS TRUST COMPANY FBO |
|
|
|
5.13% |
|
|
ELANO-PROFIT SHARING PLAN 840017 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.O. BOX 10758 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
FARGO ND 58106-0758 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE AND |
|
|
|
31.66% |
|
|
ANNUITY COMPANY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MICHAEL KAMINSKI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
ONE ORANGE WAY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
28 |
American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. * |
35.42% |
36.67% |
27.15% |
26.78% |
44.49% |
80.51% |
SPECIAL CUSTODY A/C FBO CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN TREASURY CAPITAL MAKTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
101 MONTGOMERY 120KNY-13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105-1905 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EDWARD D JONES & CO* |
|
|
|
23.01% |
|
|
FOR THE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12555 MANCHESTER RD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAINT LOUIS MO 63131-3729 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
|
12.66% |
8.92% |
|
|
|
OMNIBUS CUSTOMER ACCOUNT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND TRADING |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4707 EXECUTIVE DR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92121-3091 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MERRILL LYNCH PIERCE FENNER & SMITH INC * |
|
|
6.08% |
|
|
|
THE AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4800 DEER LAKE DR EAST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JACKSONVILLE FL 32246-6484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC* |
|
8.79% |
0.00% |
21.38% |
16.05% |
8.51% |
FOR EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUR CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FLOOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
499 WASHINGTON BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07310-1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAYMOND JAMES* |
|
12.72% |
29.77% |
|
|
|
OMNIBUS FOR MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOUSE ACCT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN COURTNEY WALLER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
880 CARILLON PKWY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST PETERSBURG FL 33716-1100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UBS WM USA* |
|
6.31% |
12.71% |
|
|
|
OMNI ACCOUNT M/F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPEC CDY A/C EBOC UBSFSI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1000 HARBOR BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEEHAWKEN NJ 07086-6761 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WELLS FARGO CLEARING SERVICES LLC* |
|
14.00% |
6.14% |
|
|
|
SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCT FOR THE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2801 MARKET ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST LOUIS MO 63103-2523 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
TAYNIK AND CO |
|
|
|
|
17.80% |
|
C/O STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST CO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C/O INVESTORS BANK & TRUST CO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1200 CROWN COLONY DR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
QUINCY MA 02169-0938 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WELLS FARGO BANK FBO |
|
|
|
|
12.54% |
|
VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
1525 WEST WT HARRIS BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHARLOTTE NC 28262-8522 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WELLS FARGO BANK FBO |
|
|
|
8.19% |
|
|
VARIOUS RETIREMENT PLANS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1525 WEST WT HARRIS BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHARLOTTE NC 28288-1076 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
The Funds' sub-advisors are listed below with information regarding their controlling persons or entities. A person or entity with control with respect to an investment advisor has "the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company." Persons and entities affiliated with each sub-advisor are considered affiliates of a Fund with respect to which the subadvisor manages a portion of the Fund's assets.
Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. ("Bridgeway") |
||
Controlling Person/Entity |
Basis of Control |
Nature of Controlling Person/Entity Business |
John Noland Ryan Montgomery |
Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors and majority shareholder |
Financial Services |
Tammira Philippe |
Officer and Member Board of Directors |
Financial Services |
Linda Gail Giuffré |
Officer |
Financial Services |
Von Devanthini Celestine |
Officer |
Financial Services |
Richard Peter Cancelmo |
Officer |
Financial Services |
The Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and the Manager have entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with each sub-advisor pursuant to which each sub-advisor receives an annualized sub-advisory fee that is calculated and accrued daily based on a percentage of the Funds' average daily assets. Each Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate if assigned, and may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Manager, by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the applicable Fund on no less than thirty (30) days' nor more than sixty (60) days' written notice to the sub-advisor, or by the sub-advisor upon sixty (60) days' written notice to the Trust. The Investment Advisory Agreements will continue in effect provided that annually such continuance is specifically approved by a vote of the Trustees, including the affirmative votes of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or "interested persons" (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval, or by the vote of shareholders.
30 |
MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
The Manager
The Manager, located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039 is a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. ("RIM"). RIM is, in turn, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Acquisition,
Inc., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Topco, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings,
LLC ("RIH"). On April 30, 2015, the Manager's prior parent company was acquired by RIH, which is owned primarily by Kelso
Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC or Estancia Capital Partners L.P. ("Purchasers"), investment funds affiliated
with Kelso & Company, L.P. or Estancia Capital Management, LLC, which are private equity firms. The address of Kelso and its
investment funds is 320 Park Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10022. The address of Estancia and its investment fund is 20865
N 90th Place, Suite 200, Scottsdale, AZ 85255. The address of RIH is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, TX
75039.
Listed below are individuals and entities that may be deemed control persons of the Manager.
The Manager is paid a management fee as compensation for providing the Trust with advisory, asset allocation and administrative services. The expenses are allocated daily to each class of shares based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. Operating expenses directly attributable to a specific class are charged against the assets of that class.
Pursuant to the management agreement, the Manager provides the Trust with office space, office equipment and personnel necessary to manage and administer the Trust's operations. This includes:
complying with reporting requirements;
corresponding with shareholders;
maintaining internal bookkeeping, accounting and auditing services and records; and
supervising the provision of services to the Trust by third parties; and
administering of the Fund's interfund lending facility, if applicable.
In addition to its oversight of the sub-advisors, the Manager may invest the portion of each Fund's assets that the sub-advisors
determine to be allocated to short-term investments.
The Funds are responsible for expenses not otherwise assumed by the Manager, including the following: audits by independent
auditors; transfer agency, custodian, dividend disbursing agent and shareholder recordkeeping services; taxes, if any, and
the preparation of the Fund's tax returns; interest; costs of Trustee and shareholder meetings; preparing, printing and mailing
Prospectuses and reports to existing shareholders; fees for filing reports with regulatory bodies and the maintenance of the
Fund's existence; legal fees; fees to federal and state authorities for the registration of shares; fees and expenses of Trustees;
insurance and fidelity bond premiums; fees paid to service providers providing reports regarding adherence by sub-advisors
to the investment style of a Fund; fees paid for brokerage commission analysis for the purpose of monitoring best execution
practices of the sub-advisors; and any extraordinary expenses of a nonrecurring nature.
The Manager is paid a fee as compensation for providing each Fund with management and administrative services. The expenses are allocated daily to each class of shares of a Fund based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. The Management Agreement provides for the Manager to receive an annualized fee based on a percentage of a Fund's average daily assets that is calculated and accrued daily according to the following schedule:
First $5 billion |
0.35% |
Next $5 billion |
0.325% |
Next $10 billion |
0.30% |
Over $20 billion |
0.275% |
The Manager and the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with each sub-advisor, as applicable, pursuant to which the Trust has agreed to pay the sub-advisor the amounts due under each Investment Advisory Agreement directly.
The following tables show the total management and administrative services fees paid to the Manager, fees waived or recouped by the Manager and investment advisory fees paid to the sub-advisors based on total Fund assets for each Fund's three most recent fiscal years ended December 31. In the tables below, the compensation paid to the Manager was based on an annualized management fee of 0.05% of each Fund's average daily net assets and a separate annualized administrative services fee of 0.30% of each Fund's average daily net assets prior to May 29, 2016. Thereafter, each Fund paid the Manager a single annualized management fee of 0.35% of its average daily net assets for management and administrative services.. In the table below, the fees paid to the sub-advisors are expressed both as a dollar amount and percentage of a Fund's average net assets.
31 |
Subadvisor Fees |
|
|
|
Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$8,009 |
$32,287 |
$60,124 |
|
0.51% |
0.51% |
0.51% |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
N/A |
N/A |
$276,416 |
|
N/A |
N/A |
0.40% |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$2,589,034 |
$5,639,717 |
$9,441,964 |
|
0.34% |
0.32% |
0.32% |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$370,101 |
$401,537 |
$382,841 |
|
0.37% |
0.40% |
0.40% |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$597,382 |
$636,229 |
$434,569 |
|
0.49% |
0.49% |
0.49% |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$4,275,770 |
$3,892,349 |
$3,294,653 |
|
0.63% |
0.63% |
0.63% |
Administrative Service Fees |
|
|
|
Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$4,663 |
$19,064 |
$14,323 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
N/A |
N/A |
$0 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$2,293,840 |
$5,336,480 |
$3,721,564 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$282,699 |
$304,320 |
$114,325 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$374,321 |
$390,831 |
$105,586 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$2,110,075 |
$1,895,678 |
$655,384 |
The Manager (or another entity approved by the Board) under a distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act, is paid up to up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the A Class shares and up to 1.00% per annum of the average daily net assets of the C Class shares of the Fund for distribution and shareholder servicing related services, including expenses relating to selling efforts of various broker-dealers, shareholder servicing fees and the preparation and distribution of A Class and C Class advertising material and sales literature. The Manager will receive Rule 12b-1 fees from the A Class and C Class regardless of the amount of the Manager's actual expenses related to distribution and shareholder servicing efforts on behalf of each Class. Thus, the Manager may realize a profit or a loss based upon its actual distribution and shareholder servicing related expenditures for the A Class and C Class shares. The Manager anticipates that the Rule 12b-1 plan will benefit shareholders by providing broader access to the Funds through broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries who require compensation for their expenses in order to offer shares of the Funds. Distribution fees pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 were:
32 |
A Class |
|
Fund |
Distribution Fee |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$2,655 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
$201 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$358,482 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$4,161 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$33,655 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$17,469 |
C Class |
|
Fund |
Distribution Fee |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$3,182 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
$978 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$913,035 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$5,064 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$15,900 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$15,901 |
The A Class, C Class and Investor Class have each adopted a Service Plan (collectively, the "Plans"). The Plans authorize the payment to the Manager (or another entity approved by the Board) of up to 0.375% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class shares, up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the A Class shares and up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the C Class shares. In addition, the Funds will reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class and Institutional Class shares. The Manager or other approved entities may spend such amounts on any activities or expenses primarily intended to result in or relate to the servicing of A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares including, but not limited to, payment of shareholder service fees and transfer agency or sub-transfer agency expenses. The fees, which are included as part of a Funds' "Other Expenses" in the Table of Fees and Expenses in the Prospectus, will be payable monthly in arrears. The fees for each Class will be paid, or reimbursed, on the actual expenses incurred in a particular month by the entity for the services provided pursuant to the respective Class and its Service Plan, if applicable. The primary expenses expected to be incurred are shareholder servicing, record keeping fees and servicing fees paid to financial intermediaries such as plan sponsors and broker-dealers. Service fees paid by the A class, C Class and Investor Class shares of each Fund pursuant to the applicable Service Plan for the fiscal years ended December 31 were as:
A Class |
|
|
|
Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$78 |
$573 |
$1,593 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
N/A |
N/A |
$121 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$81,874 |
$196,865 |
$215,089 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$1,637 |
$1,689 |
$2,497 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$28,325 |
$24,054 |
$20,193 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$15,647 |
$13,339 |
$10,482 |
C Class |
|
|
|
Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$77 |
$365 |
$477 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
N/A |
N/A |
$148 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$19,765 |
$93,001 |
$136,955 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$1,114 |
$1,047 |
$760 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$3,117 |
$3,060 |
$2,385 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$4,232 |
$3,980 |
$2,385 |
33 |
Y Class * |
|
|
|
Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$80 |
$1,887 |
$4,183 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
N/A |
N/A |
$308 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$55,287 |
$252,848 |
$571,089 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$81 |
$107 |
$389 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$2,955 |
$2,632 |
$2,104 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$182,359 |
$166,201 |
$40,516 |
* Pursuant to the Service Plan, prior to April 1, 2017 the Fund's Y Class shares paid up to 0.10% per annum of the average daily net assets.
Investor Class |
|
|
|
Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$143 |
$1,410 |
$3,112 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
N/A |
N/A |
$304 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$1,699,036 |
$3,170,319 |
$4,716,686 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$197,902 |
$287,560 |
$255,414 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$63,792 |
$360,751 |
$45,677 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$411,870 |
$393,838 |
$144,947 |
The Manager also may receive 10% of the net monthly income generated from the Funds securities lending activities as compensation for administrative and oversight functions with respect to securities lending of the Funds. Currently, the Manager receives 10% of such income for the series of the Trust that engage in securities lending activities. Fees received by the Manager from securities lending for the fiscal years ended December 31 were approximately as follows:
Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$11,880 |
$4,952 |
$4,807 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$152,784 |
$103,304 |
$53,612 |
The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Funds to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions
in shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager.
The Manager has contractually agreed from time to time to reduce fees and/or reimburse expenses for the Funds in order to
maintain competitive expense ratios for the Funds. In July of 2003, the Board approved a policy whereby the Manager may seek
repayment for such fee reductions and expense reimbursements. Under the policy, the Manager can be reimbursed by a Fund for
any contractual or voluntary fee reductions or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three
years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Fund's Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
to exceed the previously agreed upon contractual expense limit.
The Distributor
Foreside Fund Services, LLC ("Foreside" or "Distributor"), located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101,
is the distributor and principal underwriter of the Funds' shares. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a
member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"). Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust, the Distributor
acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Funds. The Distributor continually
distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of
Funds' shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are
to be purchased or sold by the Trust or its Funds. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Agreement between Foreside and the Manager,
Foreside receives a fee from the Manager for providing administrative services in connection with the marketing and distribution
of shares of the Trust, including the registration of Manager employees as registered representatives of the Distributor to
facilitate distribution of Fund shares. Foreside also receives a fee from the Manager under a Marketing Agreement pursuant
to which Foreside provides services in connection with the marketing of the Fund to institutional investors. Pursuant to the
Distribution Agreement, the Distributor receives, and may re-allow to broker-dealers, all or a portion of the sales charge
paid by the purchasers of A and C Class shares. For A and C Class shares, the Distributor receives commission revenue consisting
of the portion of A and C Class sales charge remaining after the allowances by the Distributor to the broker dealers. The
Distributor retains any portion of the commission fees that are not paid to the broker-dealers for use solely to pay distribution
related expenses.
The aggregate commissions paid to, or retained by, the Distributor from the sale of shares and the contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") retained by the Distributor on the redemption of shares during each of the Fund's three most recent fiscal years ended December 31 are shown in the table below.
34 |
American Beacon Fund |
Fiscal Year |
Aggregate Commissions |
Amount Retained by the Distributor |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
2016 |
$33,958 |
$5,805 |
|
2015 |
$6,034 |
$775 |
|
2014 |
$350 |
N/A |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
2016 |
$3,571 |
$581 |
|
2015 |
N/A |
N/A |
|
2014 |
N/A |
N/A |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
2016 |
$473,054 |
$48,963 |
|
2015 |
$1,159,073 |
$109,023 |
|
2014 |
$729,780 |
$74,460 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
2016 |
$2,398 |
$331 |
|
2015 |
$3,460 |
$544 |
|
2014 |
$8,730 |
$1,624 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
2016 |
$4,979 |
$671 |
|
2015 |
$20,909 |
$2,917 |
|
2014 |
$95,284 |
$16,971 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
2016 |
$3,124 |
$479 |
|
2015 |
$18,647 |
$3,886 |
|
2014 |
$49,326 |
$8,909 |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
State Street, located at 1 Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as custodian for the Funds. In addition to its other duties as custodian, pursuant to an Administrative Services Agreement and instructions given by the Manager, State Street may receive compensation from the Funds for investing certain excess cash balances in designated futures or forwards. State Street also serves as the Funds' Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to rules adopted under the Investment Company Act, whereby it selects and monitors eligible foreign sub-custodians.
Boston Financial Data Services (an affiliate of State Street), located at 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64105, is the transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Trust and provides these services to Fund shareholders.
The Funds' independent registered public accounting firm is Ernst & Young LLP, which is located at 2323 Victory Avenue, Suite 2000, Dallas, Texas 75219. K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Funds.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The portfolio managers to each Fund (the "Portfolio Managers") have responsibility for the day-to-day management of accounts other than the Fund. Information regarding these other accounts has been provided by each Portfolio Manager's firm and is set forth below. The number of accounts and assets is shown as of December 31, 2016.
|
Number of Others Accounts Managed and Assets by Account Type |
Number of Accounts and Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
||||
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Bahl & Gaynor Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edward A. Woods |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
170 ($407 mil) |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
Scott D. Rodes |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
131 ($622 mil) |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
Stephanie S. Thomas |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
54 ($464 mil) |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
0 ($0) |
|
Number of Others Accounts Managed and Assets by Account Type |
Number of Accounts and Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
||||
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Montgomery |
12 ($2.98 bil) |
1 ($85.2 mil) |
11 ($327.3 mil) |
3 ($30.9 mil) |
N/A |
10 ($49 mil) |
Elena Khoziaeva |
12 ($2.98 bil) |
1 ($85.2 mil) |
11 ($327.3 mil) |
3 ($30.9 mil) |
N/A |
10 ($49 mil) |
Michael Whipple |
12 ($2.98 bil) |
1 ($85.2 mil) |
11 ($327.3 mil) |
3 ($30.9 mil) |
N/A |
10 ($49 mil) |
35 |
|
Number of Others Accounts Managed and Assets by Account Type |
Number of Accounts and Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
||||
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Stephens Investment Management Group LLC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ryan E. Crane |
2 ($1.6 bil) |
N/A |
50 ($1.4 bil) |
1 ($1.36 bil) |
N/A |
1 ($25.6 mil) |
John M. Thornton |
2 ($1.6 bil) |
N/A |
50 ($1.4 bil) |
1 ($1.36 bil) |
N/A |
1 ($25.6 mil) |
Kelly Ranucci |
2 ($1.6 bil) |
N/A |
50 ($1.4 bil) |
1 ($1.36 bil) |
N/A |
1 ($25.6 mil) |
Samuel M. Chase III |
2 ($1.6 bil) |
N/A |
50 ($1.4 bil) |
1 ($1.36 bil) |
N/A |
1 ($25.6 mil) |
Conflicts of Interest
As noted in the table above, the Portfolio Managers manage accounts other than the Funds. This side-by-side management may present potential conflicts between a Portfolio Manager's management of the Funds' investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other hand. Set forth below is a description by the Manager and each sub-advisor of any foreseeable material conflicts of interest that may arise from the concurrent management of a Fund and other accounts. The information regarding potential conflicts of interest of each sub-advisor was provided by each firm.
Bahl & Gaynor Investment Counsel, Inc. ("Bahl & Gaynor") Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. Where conflicts of interest arise between the Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, the sub-advisor will proceed in a manner that ensures that the Fund will not be treated less favorably. There may be instances where similar portfolio transactions may be executed for the same security for numerous accounts managed by the portfolio managers. In such instances, securities will be allocated in accordance with the sub-advisor's trade allocation policy.
Bridgeway Capital Management Inc. ("Bridgeway") Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a Portfolio Manager or investment management team member has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other accounts. The Sub-Advisor has adopted certain compliance policies and procedures that are designed to detect, prevent, or mitigate conflicts or potential conflicts of interest that may arise. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may arise.
Holland Capital Management LLC ("Holland") Portfolio Managers at the sub-advisor manage portfolios for multiple clients. These accounts may include separate accounts (assets managed for institutions such as pension funds, insurance companies, or foundations and by investment programs). They may have investment objectives, strategies and risk profiles that are similar to or differ from those of the Fund. Portfolio Managers make investment decisions for each portfolio, including the Fund, based on the investment objectives, policies, practices and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that client portfolio.
In managing other accounts, certain material conflicts of interest may arise. Potential conflicts include, for example, conflicts between the investment strategy of the Fund and the investment strategy of other accounts managed by the Fund's Portfolio Managers and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities between the Fund and such other accounts. Potential material conflicts may also arise in connection with the Portfolio Managers' management of the Fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other, or where the other accounts have higher or performance-based fee arrangements.
The sub-advisor has a fiduciary responsibility to treat all clients fairly. The sub-advisor has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures that it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, the sub-advisor monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with the account's guidelines, the allocation of securities, and compliance with its Code of Ethics.
Stephens Investment Management Group LLC ("SIMG" or "Stephens") SIMG manages a number of separate accounts which utilize the same investment model as the American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund. Most of these separate accounts are charged an asset based fee by SIMG but one of the accounts is charged a performance fee. The same Portfolio Management team manages both SIMG's separately managed accounts and the American Beacon Funds. All separately managed accounts in SIMG's small cap growth strategy and the American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund utilize the same investment model. After modeling changes to the portfolio, the portfolio management team aggregates orders for all separately managed accounts and the American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund together and places a block order for execution with one or more broker-dealers. All accounts receive an average price if multiple executions are received. If only part of the order is able to
36 |
be executed, SIMG allocates the trades pro rata based on order size. SIMG regularly reviews the performance of the mutual funds it sub-advises against performance of the separate accounts it advises to ensure that no single account is advantaged or disadvantaged. Portfolio managers do not have the ability to deviate from the allocation policy.
Compensation
The following is a description provided by each investment sub-advisor regarding the structure of and criteria for determining the compensation of each Portfolio Manager as of December 31, 2016.
Bahl & Gaynor Each portfolio manager receives a base salary from the sub-advisor and contributions to a retirement plan. No payment or portfolio manager compensation formulas are tied to the Fund or its performance. In addition, the portfolio managers that are principal owners of Bahl & Gaynor receive benefits indirectly from the revenue generated from the firm. The portfolio managers are not entitled to any deferred benefits.
Bridgeway The objective of the Sub-Advisor's compensation program is to provide pay and long-term compensation for its employees (who are all referred to as "Partners") that is competitive with the mutual fund/investment advisory market relative to the Sub-Advisor's size and geographical location. The Adviser evaluates competitive market compensation by reviewing compensation survey results conducted by independent third parties involved in investment industry compensation.
The Portfolio Managers, including John Montgomery, Elena Khoziaeva, and Michael Whipple, participate in a compensation program that includes a base salary that is fixed annually, bonus and long-term compensation. Each Portfolio Manager's base salary is a function of review of market salary data for their respective role and an assessment of individual execution of responsibilities related to goals, integrity, team work and leadership. Profit sharing bonuses are driven by company performance and/or company profit goals, and an assessment of individual execution of responsibilities. The Sub-Advisor's profitability is primarily affected by a) assets under management, b) management fees, for which some actively managed accounts have performance based fees relative to stock market benchmarks, c) operating costs of the Sub-Advisor and d) tax rates.
Fund performance impacts overall compensation in two broad ways. First, generally assets under management increase with positive long-term performance. An increase in assets increases total management fees and likely increases the Sub-Advisor's profitability (although certain funds do not demonstrate economies of scale and other funds have management fees which reflect economies of scale to shareholders). Second, certain funds managed by the Sub-Advisor have performance-based management fees that are a function of trailing five-year before-tax performance of the Fund relative to its specific market benchmark. Should each such Fund's performance exceed the benchmark, the Sub-Advisor may make more total management fees and increase its profitability. On the other hand, should each such Fund's performance lag the benchmark, the Sub-Advisor may experience a decrease in profitability.
Finally, all Portfolio Managers participate in long-term compensation programs including a 401(k) Plan and ownership programs in the Sub-Advisor. With the exception of John Montgomery, Portfolio Managers (as well as all of the Sub-Advisor's Partners) participate in an Employee Stock Ownership Program or Phantom Stock Program of the Sub-Advisor or both. The value of this ownership is a function of the profitability and growth of the Sub-Advisor. The adviser is an "S" Corporation with John Montgomery as the majority owner. Therefore, he does not participate in the ESOP, but the value of his ownership stake is impacted by the profitability and growth of the Sub-Advisor. However, by policy of the Sub-Advisor, John Montgomery may only receive distributions from the Sub-Advisor in an amount equal to the taxes incurred from his corporate ownership due to the "S" corporation structure.
Holland The sub-advisor maintains a competitive compensation program. The compensation for Portfolio Managers Monica L. Walker and Carl R. Bhathena is comprised of base salary and annual cash bonuses dependent on the performance of product portfolios, and overall performance and profitability of the firm. Other factors considered with respect to their overall compensation package includes years of industry experience, competitive market factors and contribution to the Sub-Advisor's success. The Portfolio Managers also have ownership interests in the Sub-Advisor and may receive income based upon the overall financial performance of the firm commensurate with their ownership interest.
Stephens All of the Portfolio Managers receive compensation as the Funds' Portfolio Managers in the form of a fixed salary and bonus. The amount of a portfolio manager's bonus is related to the performance of the American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund against the Russell 2000® Growth Index and the peer group, the Lipper Small Cap Growth Funds Index, as well as the Russell MidCap® Growth Index and the peer group, the Lipper Mid-Cap Growth Funds Index for the American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund. The Portfolio Managers are eligible to participate in the Stephens Inc. 401(k) plan under the same guidelines and criteria established for all employees of Stephens Inc. and its affiliates. Each member of the portfolio management team is a shareholder of Class B shares of SIMG and receives a portion of the overall net profits of SIMG. Performance is measured over the most recent calendar year.
Ownership of the Funds
A Portfolio Manager's beneficial ownership of a Fund is defined as the Portfolio Manager having the opportunity to share in any profit from transactions in the Fund, either directly or indirectly, as the result of any contract, understanding, arrangement, relationship or otherwise. Therefore, ownership of Fund shares by members of the Portfolio Manager's immediate family or by a trust of which the Portfolio Manager is a trustee could be considered ownership by the Portfolio Manager. The tables below set forth each Portfolio Manager's beneficial ownership of the Fund(s) under that Portfolio Manager's management as of December 31, 2016 provided by each investment advisor. In the following tables, "N/A" indicates that the Portfolio Manager does not have responsibility for that Fund.
37 |
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
Bahl & Gaynor |
|
Edward A. Woods |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Scott D. Rodes |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Stephanie S. Thomas |
$50,001-$100,000 |
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund |
Bridgeway Capital Management Inc. |
|
|
John Montgomery |
$100,001-$500,000 |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Elena Khoziaeva |
$10,001-$50,000 |
$1-$10,000 |
Michael Whipple |
$1-$10,000 |
$10,001-$50,000 |
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund |
Holland Capital Management LLC |
|
Monica Walker |
Over $1,000,000 |
Carl Bhathena |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund |
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC |
||
Ryan Crane |
Over $1,000,000 |
Over $1,000,000 |
John Thornton |
$100,001-$500,000 |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Kelly Ranucci |
$500,001-$1,000,000 |
$100,001-$500,000 |
Sam Chase |
$100,001-$500,000 |
$100,001-$500,000 |
PORTFOLIO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute particular transactions, the Manager and the sub-advisors are authorized to consider "brokerage and research services" (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), provision of statistical quotations (including the quotations necessary to determine the Fund's net asset value), and other information provided to the applicable Fund, to the Manager and/or to the sub-advisors (or their affiliates), provided, however, that the Manager or the sub-advisor must always seek best execution. Research and brokerage services may include information on portfolio companies, economic analyses, and other investment research services. The Trust does not allow the Manager or sub-advisors to enter arrangements to direct transactions to broker-dealers as compensation for the promotion or sale of Trust shares by those broker-dealers. The Manager and the sub-advisors are also authorized to cause the Fund to pay a commission (as defined in SEC interpretations) to a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services for executing a portfolio transaction which is in excess of the amount of the commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction. The Manager or the sub-advisors, as appropriate, must determine in good faith, however, that such commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided, viewed in terms of that particular transaction or in terms of all the accounts over which the Manager or the sub-advisor exercises investment discretion. The fees of the sub-advisors are not reduced by reason of receipt of such brokerage and research services. However, with disclosure to and pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as applicable, the Manager, or the sub-advisors (or a broker-dealer affiliated with them) may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 under the Investment Company Act) for doing so. Brokerage and research services obtained with Fund commissions might be used by the Manager and/or the sub-advisors, as applicable, to benefit their other accounts under management.
The Manager and each sub-advisor will place its own orders to execute securities transactions that are designed to implement the applicable Fund's investment objective and policies. In placing such orders, each sub-advisor will seek best execution. The full range and quality of services offered by the executing broker or dealer will be considered when making these determinations. Pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as appropriate, a sub-advisor of the Fund, or its affiliated broker-dealer, may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 of the Investment Company Act) for doing so. A Fund's turnover rate, or the frequency of portfolio transactions, will vary from year to year depending on market conditions and a Fund's cash flows. High portfolio turnover increases a Fund's transaction costs, including brokerage commissions, and may result in a greater amount of recognized capital gains.
The Investment Advisory Agreements provide, in substance, that in executing portfolio transactions and selecting brokers or dealers, the principal objective of each sub-advisor is to seek best execution. In assessing available execution venues, each sub-advisor shall consider all factors it deems
38 |
relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the value of any eligible research, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. Transactions with respect to the securities of small and emerging growth companies in which the Fund may invest may involve specialized services on the part of the broker or dealer and thereby may entail higher commissions or spreads than would be the case with transactions involving more widely traded securities.
Each Fund may establish brokerage commission recapture arrangements with certain brokers or dealers. If a sub-advisor chooses to execute a transaction through a participating broker, the broker rebates a portion of the commission back to the Fund. Any collateral benefit received through participation in the commission recapture program is directed exclusively to the Fund. Neither the Manager nor any of the sub-advisors receive any benefits from the commission recapture program. A Sub-Advisor's participation in the brokerage commission recapture program is optional. Each sub-advisor retains full discretion in selecting brokerage firms for securities transactions and is instructed to use the commission recapture program for a transaction only if it is consistent with the Sub-Advisor's obligation to seek the best execution available.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the following Funds received the amounts shown as a result of participation in the commission recapture program:
American Beacon Fund |
Amount Received (in thousands) |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$0 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
$0 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$0 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$3,092 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$0 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$0 |
The table below reflects the amount of transactions each Fund directed to brokers in part because of research services provided and the amount paid in commissions on such transaction for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
For the fiscal years ending December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 the following brokerage commissions were paid by the Funds. Fluctuations in brokerage commissions from year to year were primarily due to increases or decreases in Fund assets resulting in increased trading. Shareholders of these Funds bear only their pro-rata portion of such expenses.
American Beacon Fund |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth |
$4,451 |
$10,582 |
$15,297 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth |
N/A |
N/A |
$21,780 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$166,754 |
$379,319 |
$709,343 |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$16,058 |
$16,328 |
$21,505 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth |
$56,394 |
$34,714 |
$44,358 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth |
$795,961 |
$505,767 |
$460,298 |
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, no brokerage commissions were paid to affiliated brokers by any of the Funds.
The following table lists each Fund that as of the end of its fiscal year held securities issued by a broker-dealer (or by its parent) that was one of the top ten brokers or dealers through which the Fund executed transactions or sold shares.
Regular Broker-Dealers |
American Beacon Fund |
Aggregate Value of Securities (000s) |
Bank of America |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value |
$63,849 |
TD Ameritrade |
Holland Large Cap Growth |
$1,894 |
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND SALE INFORMATION FOR A CLASS SHARES
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
As described in the Prospectus, there are various ways to reduce your sales charge when purchasing A Class shares. Additional information about A Class sales charge reductions is provided below.
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Letter of Intent ("LOI") . The LOI may be revised upward at any time during the 13-month period of the LOI ("LOI Period"), and such a revision will be treated as a new LOI, except that the LOI Period during which the purchases must be made will remain unchanged. Purchases made from the date of revision will receive the reduced sales charge, if any, resulting from the revised LOI. The LOI will be considered completed if the shareholder dies within the 13-month LOI Period. Commissions to dealers will not be adjusted or paid on the difference between the LOI amount and the amount actually invested before the shareholder's death.
All dividends and other distributions on shares held in escrow will be credited to the shareholder's account in shares (or paid in cash, if requested). If the intended investment is not completed within the specified LOI Period, the purchaser may be required to remit to the transfer agent the difference between the sales charge actually paid and the sales charge which would have been paid if the total of such purchases had been made at a single time. Any dealers assigned to the shareholder's account at the time a purchase was made during the LOI Period will receive a corresponding commission adjustment if appropriate. If the difference is not paid by the close of the LOI Period, the appropriate number of shares held in escrow will be redeemed to pay such difference. If the proceeds from this redemption are inadequate, the purchaser may be liable to the Funds for the balance still outstanding.
Rights of Accumulation . Subject to the limitations described in the aggregation policy, you may take into account your accumulated holdings in any class of the American Beacon Funds to determine your sales charge for A Class shares on investments in accounts eligible to be aggregated. If you make a gift of A Class shares, upon your request, you may purchase the shares at the sales charge discount allowed under rights of accumulation of all of your investments in any class of the American Beacon Funds.
Aggregation . Qualifying investments for aggregation include those made by you and your "immediate family" as defined in the Prospectus, if all parties are purchasing shares for their own accounts and/or:
individual-type employee benefit plans, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA"), individual 403(b) plan or single-participant Keogh-type plan;
business accounts solely controlled by you or your immediate family (for example, you own the entire business);
trust accounts established by you or your immediate family (for trusts with only one primary beneficiary, upon the trustor's death the trust account may be aggregated with such beneficiary's own accounts; for trusts with multiple primary beneficiaries, upon the trustor's death the trustees of the trust may instruct the Fund's transfer agent to establish separate trust accounts for each primary beneficiary; each primary beneficiary's separate trust account may then be aggregated with such beneficiary's own accounts);
endowments or foundations established and controlled by you or your immediate family; or
529 accounts, which will be aggregated at the account owner level (Class 529-E accounts may only be aggregated with an eligible employer plan).
Individual purchases by a trustee(s) or other fiduciary(ies) may also be aggregated if the investments are:
for a single trust estate or fiduciary account, including employee benefit plans other than the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
made for two or more employee benefit plans of a single employer or of affiliated employers as defined in the Investment Company Act, excluding the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
for nonprofit, charitable or educational organizations, or any endowments or foundations established and controlled by such organizations, or any employer-sponsored retirement plans established for the benefit of the employees of such organizations, their endowments, or their foundations; or
for individually established participant accounts of a 403(b) plan that is treated similarly to an employer-sponsored plan for sales charge purposes (see "Purchases by certain 403(b) plans" under "Sales Charges" above), or made for two or more such 403(b) plans that are treated similarly to employer-sponsored plans for sales charge purposes, in each case of a single employer or affiliated employers as defined in the Investment Company Act. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of a broker- dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with those made for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
Concurrent Purchases . As described in the Prospectus, you may reduce your A Class sales charge by combining simultaneous purchases in any of the American Beacon Funds.
Other Purchases . Pursuant to a determination of eligibility by the Manager, A Class shares of a Fund may be sold at net asset value (without the imposition of a front-end sales charge) to:
current or retired trustees, and officers of the American Beacon Funds family, current or retired employees and directors of the Manager and its affiliated companies, certain family members and employees of the above persons, and trusts or plans primarily for such persons;
currently registered representatives and assistants directly employed by such representatives, retired registered representatives with respect to accounts established while active, or full-time employees (collectively, "Eligible Persons") (and their spouses, and children, including children in step and adoptive relationships, sons-in- law and daughters-in-law, if the Eligible Persons or the spouses or children of the Eligible Persons are listed in the account registration with the spouse or parent) of broker-dealers who have sales agreements with the Distributor (or who clear transactions through such dealers), plans for the dealers, and plans that include as participants only the Eligible Persons, their spouses and/or children;
companies exchanging securities with a Fund through a merger, acquisition or exchange offer;
insurance company separate accounts;
accounts managed by the Manager, a sub-advisor to a Fund and its affiliated companies;
the Manager or a sub-advisor to a Fund and its affiliated companies;
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an individual or entity with a substantial business relationship with, which may include the officers and employees of the Funds' custodian or transfer agent, the Manager or a sub-adviser to a Fund and its affiliated companies, or an individual or entity related or relating to such individual or entity;
full-time employees of banks that have sales agreements with the Distributor, who are solely dedicated to directly supporting the sale of mutual funds;
directors, officers and employees of financial institutions that have a selling group agreement with the Distributor;
banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisors and financial planners) that have entered into an agreement with the Distributor or one of its affiliates, purchasing shares on behalf of clients participating in a Fund supermarket or in a wrap program, asset allocation program or other program in which the clients pay an asset-based fee;
clients of authorized dealers purchasing shares in fixed or flat fee brokerage accounts;
Employer-sponsored defined contribution - type plans, including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and IRA rollovers involving retirement plan assets invested in a Fund in the American Beacon Funds fund family; and
Employee benefit and retirement plans for the Manager and its affiliates.
Shares are offered at net asset value to these persons and organizations due to anticipated economies in sales effort and expense. Once an account is established under this net asset value privilege, additional investments can be made at net asset value for the life of the account.
It is possible that a broker-dealer may not be able to offer one or more of these waiver categories. If this situation occurs, it is possible that the investor would need to invest directly through American Beacon Funds in order to take advantage of the waiver. A Fund may terminate or amend the terms of these sales charge waivers at any time.
Moving Between Accounts . Investments in certain account types may be moved to other account types without incurring additional A Class sales charges. These transactions include, for example:
redemption proceeds from a non-retirement account (for example, a joint tenant account) used to purchase Fund shares in an IRA or other individual-type retirement account;
"required minimum distributions" (as described in Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code) from an IRA or other individual-type retirement account used to purchase Fund shares in a non-retirement account;
death distributions paid to a beneficiary's account that are used by the beneficiary to purchase Fund shares in a different account; and
it is possible that a broker-dealer may not be able to offer the ability to move between accounts. If this situation occurs, it is possible that the investor would need to invest directly through American Beacon Funds in order to take advantage of this privilege. Please contact your financial intermediary for additional information.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGES
As discussed in the Prospectus, the redemption of C Class shares may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") if you redeem your shares within 12 months of purchase. If you purchased $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Funds (and therefore paid no initial sales charges) and subsequently redeem your shares within 18 months of your purchase, you may be charged a CDSC upon redemption. In determining whether the CDSC is payable, it is assumed that shares not subject to the CDSC are the first redeemed followed by other shares held for the longest period of time. The CDSC will not be imposed upon shares representing reinvested dividends or other distributions, or upon amounts representing share appreciation. As described in the Prospectus, there are various circumstances under which the CDSC will be waived. Additional information about CDSC waivers is provided below.
The CDSC is waived under the following circumstances:
Any partial or complete redemption following death or "disability" (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) of a shareholder (including one who owns the shares with his or her spouse as a joint tenant with rights of survivorship) from an account in which the deceased or disabled is named. The Manager or the Fund's transfer agent may require documentation prior to waiver of the charge, including death certificates, physicians' certificates, etc.
Redemptions from a systematic withdrawal plan. If the systematic withdrawal plan is based on a fixed dollar amount or number of shares, systematic withdrawal redemptions are limited to no more than 10% of your account value or number of shares per year, as of the date the Manager or the Fund's transfer agent receives your request. If the systematic withdrawal plan is based on a fixed percentage of your account value, each redemption is limited to an amount that would not exceed 10% of your annual account value at the time of withdrawal.
Redemptions from retirement plans qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. The CDSC will be waived for benefit payments made by American Beacon Funds directly to plan participants. Benefit payments include, but are not limited to, payments resulting from death, "disability," "retirement," and "separation from service" (each as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and required minimum distributions (as described in Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code), in-service distributions, hardships, loans and qualified domestic relations orders. The CDSC waiver will not apply in the event of termination of the plan or transfer of the plan to another financial institution.
Redemptions that are mandatory withdrawals from a traditional IRA after age 70 1/2 .
Involuntary redemptions as a result of your account not meeting the minimum balance requirements, the termination and liquidation of the Fund, or other actions by the Fund.
Distributions from accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a written agreement with the Distributor (or Manager) allowing this waiver.
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To return excess contributions made to a retirement plan.
To return contributions made due to a mistake of fact.
The following example illustrates the operation of the CDSC. Assume that you open an account and purchase 1,000 shares at $10 per share and that six months later the NAV per share is $12 and, during such time, you have acquired 50 additional shares through reinvestment of distributions. If at such time you should redeem 450 shares (proceeds of $5,400), 50 shares will not be subject to the charge because of dividend reinvestment. With respect to the remaining 400 shares, the charge is applied only to the original cost of $10 per share and not to the increase in NAV of $2 per share. Therefore, $4,000 of the $5,400 redemption proceeds will pay the charge. At the rate of 1.00%, the CDSC would be $40 for redemptions of C Class shares. In determining whether an amount is available for redemption without incurring a deferred sales charge, the purchase payments made for all shares in your account are aggregated.
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND
Although each Fund intends to redeem shares in cash, each reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets. However, shareholders always will be entitled to redeem shares for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the applicable Fund's net asset value during any 90-day period. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. In addition, to the extent a Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
TAX INFORMATION
The tax information in the Prospectus and in this section relates solely to the federal income tax law and assumes that each Fund will continue to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue Code ("RIC") (as discussed below). The tax information in this section is only a summary of certain key federal tax considerations affecting the Funds and their shareholders and is in addition to the tax information provided in the Prospectus. No attempt has been made to present a complete explanation of the federal income tax treatment of each Fund or the tax implications to their shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning. The tax information is based on the Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations in effect, and administrative pronouncements and judicial decisions publicly available, on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Funds and their shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
Taxation of the Funds
Each Fund intends to continue to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code. To so qualify, each Fund (which is treated as a separate corporation for these purposes) must, among other requirements:
Derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (1) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income, including gains from options, futures or forward contracts, derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies ("Qualifying Other Income") and (2) net income derived from an interest in a "qualified publicly traded partnership" ("QPTP") ("Gross Income Requirement"). A QPTP is a "publicly traded partnership" other than a partnership at least 90% of the gross income of which is Qualifying Other Income;
Diversify its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year: (1) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by cash and cash items, Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer's outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for these purposes), and (2) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in (a) the securities (other than Government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (b) the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses; or (c) the securities of one or more QPTPs ("Diversification Requirements"); and
Distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally, net investment income, the excess (if any) of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) ("Distribution Requirement").
By qualifying for treatment as a RIC, a Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders. If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify for that treatment - either (1) by failing to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, even if it satisfies the Gross Income and Diversification Requirements ("Other Requirements"), or (2) by failing to satisfy any of the Other Requirements and is unable to, or determines not to, avail itself of Internal Revenue Code provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Other Requirements as long as the failure "is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect" and the RIC pays a deductible tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements - then for federal tax purposes, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to its shareholders, and the dividends it pays would be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly, for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each, an "individual"), as "qualified dividend income" (as described in the Prospectus) ("QDI")) to the extent of the Fund's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify for RIC treatment would therefore have a negative impact on a Fund's income and performance. Furthermore, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment. It is possible that a Fund will not qualify as a RIC in any given taxable year.
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Each Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax ("Excise Tax") to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on December 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions by the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the Excise Tax.
Taxation of Certain Investments and Strategies
Hedging strategies, such as entering into forward contracts and selling (writing) and purchasing options and futures contracts, involve complex rules that will determine for federal income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of gains and losses a Fund may realize in connection therewith. In general, a Fund's (1) gains from the disposition of foreign currencies and (2) Qualifying Other Income will be treated as qualifying income under the Gross Income Requirement.
Dividends and interest a Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its securities. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate those taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains realized on investments by foreign investors. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of any Fund's foreign tax in advance, since the amount of its assets to be invested in various countries is not known.
Each Fund may invest in the stock of "passive foreign investment companies" ("PFICs"). A PFIC is any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions)] that, in general, meets either of the following tests for a taxable year: (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive; or (2) an average of at least 50% of the value (or adjusted tax basis, if elected) of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a Fund that holds stock of a PFIC will be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" it receives on the stock and of any gain on its disposition of that stock (collectively, "PFIC income"), plus interest thereon, even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund's investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. Fund distributions thereof will not be eligible to be treated as QDI.
If a Fund invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a "qualified electing fund" ("QEF"), then in lieu of incurring the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Fund would be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF's annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain which the Fund likely would have to distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax even if the QEF did not distribute those earnings and gain to the Fund. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements thereof.
Alternatively, each Fund may elect to "mark to market" any stock in a PFIC it owns at the end of its taxable year, in which event it would be required to distribute to its shareholders any resulting gains in accordance with the Distribution Requirement. "Marking-to-market," in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the stock over a Fund's adjusted basis therein (including any net mark-to-market gain or loss for each prior taxable year for which an election was in effect) as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, a Fund also would be allowed to deduct (as an ordinary, not a capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock the Fund included in income for prior taxable years under the election. A Fund's adjusted basis in each PFIC's stock subject to the election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder.
Investors should be aware that determining whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination that is based on various facts and circumstances and thus is subject to change, and the principles and methodology used therein are subject to interpretation. As a result, a Fund may not be able, at the time it acquires a foreign corporation's shares, to ascertain whether the corporation is a PFIC and a foreign corporation may become a PFIC after a Fund acquires shares therein. While each Fund generally will seek to minimize its investment in PFIC shares, and to make appropriate elections when they are available, to lessen the adverse tax consequences detailed above, there are no guarantees that they will be able to do so, and each Fund reserves the right to make those investments as a matter of its investment policy.
Each Fund may invest in one or more limited liability companies ("LLCs") and limited partnerships ("LPs") that will be classified for federal tax purposes as partnerships (and, except as expressly stated below, this discussion assumes that classification). LLCs and LPs in which a Fund may invest may include (1) a "publicly traded partnership" (that is, a partnership the interests in which are "traded on an established securities market" or "readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)") (a "PTP"), which may be a QPTP, or (2) a non-QPTP at least 90% of the income of which is Qualifying Other Income.
If an LLC or LP in which a Fund invests is a QPTP, all its net income (regardless of source) will be qualifying income under the Gross Income Requirement for the Fund. A Fund's investment in QPTPs, together with certain other investments, however, may not exceed 25% of the value of its total assets at the end of each quarter of its taxable year in order to satisfy one of the Diversification Requirements. In addition, if a Fund holds more than 10% of a QPTP's equity securities, none of those securities will count toward its satisfying those requirements.
With respect to non-QPTPs, (1) if an LLC or LP (including a PTP) is treated for federal tax purposes as a corporation, distributions from it to a Fund might be treated as QDI and disposition of the Fund's interest therein would generate gain or loss from the disposition of a security, or (2) if such an LLC or LP is not treated for those purposes as a corporation, the Fund would be treated as having earned its proportionate share of each item of income the LLC or LP earned. In the latter case, a Fund would be able to treat its share of the entity's income as qualifying income under the Gross Income Requirement only to the extent that income would be such qualifying income if realized directly by the Fund in the same manner as realized by the LLC or LP. Certain LLCs and LPs (e.g., private funds) in which a Fund may invest may generate income and gains that are not such qualifying income. Each Fund will monitor its investments in LLCs and LPs to assure its compliance with the requirements for continued qualification as a RIC.
Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and "non-equity" options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a "broad-based" securities index) - except any "securities futures contract" that is not a "dealer securities futures contract" (both as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and
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any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement - in which a Fund invests may be subject to Internal Revenue Code section 1256 (collectively, "Section 1256 contracts"). Any Section 1256 contract a Fund holds at the end of its taxable year generally must be "marked-to-market" (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for its fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of Section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax. These rules may operate to increase the amount that a Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain the Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it.
Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code also may apply to a Fund's forward currency contracts and options and futures contracts on foreign currencies. Under that section, each foreign currency gain or loss generally is computed separately and treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of a Fund's investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than affecting the amount of its net capital gain. If a Fund's section 988 losses exceed its other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to distribute any dividends, and any distributions made during that year (including those made before the losses were realized) would be characterized as a non-taxable return of capital to shareholders, rather than as a dividend, thereby reducing each shareholder's basis in his or her Fund shares and treating any part of such distribution exceeding that basis as gain from the disposition of those shares.
Offsetting positions a Fund enters into or holds in any actively traded option, futures or forward contract may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax purposes. Straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of recognition of a Fund's gains and losses with respect to positions of the straddle by requiring, among other things, that (1) losses realized on disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred to the extent of any unrealized gain in an offsetting position until the latter position is disposed of, (2) a Fund's holding period in certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly resulting in gain being treated as short-term rather than long-term capital gain), and (3) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions, that otherwise would constitute short-term capital losses, be treated as long-term capital losses. Applicable regulations also provide certain "wash sale" rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and "short sale" rules applicable to straddles. Different elections are available, which may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules, particularly with respect to "mixed straddles" (i.e., a straddle at least one, but not all, positions of which are Section 1256 contracts).
When a covered call option written (sold) by a Fund expires, it will realize a short-term capital gain equal to the amount of the premium it received for writing the option. When a Fund terminates its obligations under such an option by entering into a closing transaction, it will realize a short-term capital gain (or loss), depending on whether the cost of the closing transaction is less (or more) than the premium it received when it wrote the option. When a covered call option written by a Fund is exercised, it will be treated as having sold the underlying security, producing long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on the holding period of the underlying security and whether the sum of the option price received on the exercise plus the premium received when it wrote the option is more or less than the underlying security's basis.
If a Fund has an "appreciated financial position" — generally, any position (including an interest through an option, futures or forward contract or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than "straight debt") or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis—and enters into a "constructive sale" of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a futures or forward contract a Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any transaction of a Fund during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund's risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations, administrative rules, and/or other legally binding authority that could affect the treatment of income from those instruments and the character, timing of recognition and amount of a Fund's taxable income or net realized gains and distributions. If the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") were to assert successfully that income a Fund derives from those investments does not constitute Qualifying Other Income, the Fund might cease to qualify as a RIC (with the consequences described above under "Taxation of the Funds") or might be required to reduce its exposure to such investments.
Taxation of the Funds' Shareholders
General - Dividends and other distributions a Fund declares in the last quarter of any calendar year that are payable to shareholders of record on a date in that quarter will be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by those shareholders on December 31 of that year if the Fund pays the distributions during the following January. Accordingly, those distributions will be reportable by, and taxed to, those shareholders for the taxable year in which that December 31 falls.
If Fund shares are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be treated as long-term, instead of short-term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on those shares. In addition, any loss a shareholder realizes on a redemption of Fund shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares; in that case, the basis in the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Investors also should be aware that the price of Fund shares at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming dividend or other distribution, so if they purchase Fund shares shortly before the record
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date for a distribution, they will pay full price for the shares and receive some part of the price back as a taxable distribution, even though it represents a partial return of invested capital.
Basis Election and Reporting - A Fund shareholder who wants to use an acceptable method for basis determination with respect to Fund shares he or she acquired or acquires after December 31, 2011 ("Covered Shares"), other than the average basis method (the Funds' default method) must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. The basis determination method a Fund shareholder elects may not be changed with respect to a redemption (including a redemption that is part of an exchange) of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption.
In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of Fund shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares that are redeemed or exchanged and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the best IRS-accepted basis determination method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to them. Fund shareholders who acquire and hold Covered Shares through a financial intermediary should contact their financial intermediary for information related to the basis election and reporting.
Backup Withholding - A Fund is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 28% of dividends, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds (regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized) otherwise payable to any individual who fails to certify that the taxpayer identification number furnished to the Fund is correct or who furnishes an incorrect number (together with the withholding described in the next sentence, "backup withholding"). Withholding at that rate also is required from each Fund's dividends and capital gain distributions otherwise payable to such a shareholder who (1) is subject to backup withholding for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly or (2) fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not subject to backup withholding or that it is a corporation or other "exempt recipient." Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather any amounts so withheld may be credited against the shareholder's federal income tax liability or refunded.
Non-U.S. Shareholders - Dividends a Fund pays to a shareholder who is a non-resident alien individual or foreign entity (each a "non-U.S. shareholder") -- other than (1) dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder whose ownership of the Fund's shares is effectively connected with a trade or business within the United States the shareholder conducts and (2) capital gain distributions paid to a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the United States for no more than 182 days during the taxable year -- generally are subject to 30% federal withholding tax (unless a reduced rate of withholding or a withholding exemption is provided under an applicable treaty). However, two categories of dividends a Fund might pay, "short-term capital gain dividends" and "interest-related dividends," to non-U.S. shareholders (with certain exceptions) and reported by it in writing to its shareholders are exempt from that tax. "Short-term capital gain dividends" are dividends that are attributable to net short-term gain, computed with certain adjustments. "Interest-related dividends" are dividends that are attributable to "qualified net interest income" (i.e., "qualified interest income," which generally consists of certain original issue discount, interest on obligations "in registered form," and interest on deposits, less allocable deductions) from sources within the United States. Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers concerning the applicability of that withholding tax.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act ("FATCA") - Under FATCA, "foreign financial institutions" ("FFIs") and "non-financial foreign entities" ("NFFEs") that are Fund shareholders may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on (1) income dividends a Fund pays and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of redemptions of shares a Fund pays after December 31, 2018. As discussed more fully below, the FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain information regarding direct and indirect ownership of financial accounts U.S. persons hold with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE that certifies its status as such and, in certain circumstances, information regarding substantial U.S. owners.
The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements ("IGAs") with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of the IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations. An FFI resident in a country that has entered into a Model I IGA with the United States must report to that country's government (pursuant to the terms of the applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI resident in a Model II IGA country generally must comply with U.S. regulatory requirements, with certain exceptions, including the treatment of recalcitrant accountholders. An FFI resident in one of those countries that complies with whichever of the foregoing applies will be exempt from FATCA withholding.
An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a "participating FFI," which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under the Internal Revenue Code. Under such an agreement, a participating FFI agrees to (1) verify and document whether it has U.S. accountholders, (2) report certain information regarding their accounts to the IRS, and (3) meet certain other specified requirements.
An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from a Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying its status as such and, in certain circumstances, either that (1) it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or (2) it does have one or more such owners and reports the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each such owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which may, in turn, report information to the IRS.
Those foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted, or deemed compliant categories established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in a Fund will need to provide it with documentation properly certifying the entity's status under FATCA to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above. Foreign investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation and the impact thereof on their investment in a Fund.
Each Fund may invest in REITs, which may (1) hold residual interests in "real estate mortgage investment conduits" ("REMICs") or (2) engage in mortgage securitization transactions that cause the REITs to be taxable mortgage pools ("TMPs") or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP. A part of the net income allocable to REMIC residual interest holders may be an "excess inclusion." The Internal Revenue Code authorizes the issuance of
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regulations dealing with the taxation and reporting of excess inclusion income of REITs and RICs that hold residual REMIC interests and of REITs, or qualified REIT subsidiaries, that are TMPs. Although those regulations have not yet been issued, the U.S. Treasury and the IRS issued a notice in 2006 ("Notice") announcing that, pending the issuance of further guidance (which has not yet been issued), the IRS would apply the principles in the following paragraphs to all excess inclusion income, whether from REMIC residual interests or TMPs.
The Notice provides that a REIT must (1) determine whether it or its qualified REIT subsidiary (or a part of either) is a TMP and, if so, calculate the TMP's excess inclusion income under a "reasonable method," (2) allocate its excess inclusion income to its shareholders generally in proportion to dividends paid, (3) inform shareholders that are not "disqualified organizations" (i.e., governmental units and tax-exempt entities that are not subject to tax on their "unrelated business taxable income" ("UBTI")) of the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated thereto, (4) pay tax (at the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations, currently 35%) on the excess inclusion income allocable to its shareholders that are disqualified organizations, and (5) apply the withholding tax provisions with respect to the excess inclusion part of dividends paid to foreign persons without regard to any treaty exception or reduction in tax rate. Excess inclusion income allocated to certain tax-exempt entities (including qualified retirement plans, IRAs, and public charities) constitutes UBTI to them.
A RIC with excess inclusion income is subject to rules identical to those in clauses (2) through (5) above (substituting "that are nominees" for "that are not ‘disqualified organizations'" in clause (3) and inserting "record" after "its" in clause (4)). The Notice further provides that a RIC is not required to report the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated to its shareholders that are not nominees, except that (1) a RIC with excess inclusion income from all sources that exceeds 1% of its gross income must do so and (2) any other RIC must do so by taking into account only excess inclusion income allocated to the RIC from REITs the excess inclusion income of which exceeded 3% of its dividends. No Fund will invest directly in REMIC residual interests or intend to invest in REITs that, to its knowledge, invest in those interests or are TMPs or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP.
After calendar year-end, REITs can and often do change the category (e.g., ordinary income dividend, capital gain distribution, or return of capital) of one or more of the distributions they have made during that year, which would result at that time in a Fund, if it holds shares in such a REIT during that year, also having to re-categorize some of the distributions it made to its shareholders. These changes would be reflected in annual Forms 1099 sent to the Fund's shareholders, together with other tax information. Those forms generally will be distributed to them in February of each year, although a Fund may, in one or more years, request from the IRS an extension of time to distribute those forms until mid-March to enable it to receive the latest information it can from the REITs in which it invests and thereby accurately report that information to its shareholders on a single form (rather than having to send them amended forms).
Other Taxes - Statutory rules and regulations regarding state and local taxation of ordinary income dividends, QDI dividends and net capital and foreign currency gain distributions may differ from the federal income taxation rules described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder's situation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a "Massachusetts business trust." Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of such a trust may, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for its obligations. However, the Trust's Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of Trust property for any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust may maintain appropriate insurance (e.g., fidelity bonding) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss due to shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations. The Trust has not engaged in any other business.
The Trust was originally created to manage money for large institutional investors. The following individuals (and members of that individual's "immediate family"), are eligible to purchase shares of the Institutional Class with an initial investment of less than $250,000: (i) employees of the Manager, (ii) employees of the sub-advisor for Funds where it serves as sub-advisor, (iii) members of the Trust's Board of Trustees, (iv) employees of Kelso/Estancia, and (v) members of the Manager's Board of Directors. The term "immediate family" refers to one's spouse, children, grandchildren, grandparents, parents, parents-in-law, brothers and sisters, sons- and daughters-in-law, a sibling's spouse, a spouse's sibling, aunts, uncles, nieces and nephews; relatives by virtue of remarriage (step-children, step-parents, etc.) are included. Any shareholders that the Manager transfers to the Institutional Class upon termination of the class of shares in which the shareholders were originally invested is also eligible for purchasing shares of the Institutional Class with an initial investment of less than $250,000.
The Investor Class was created to give individuals and other smaller investors an opportunity to invest in the American Beacon Funds. The Institutional and Y Classes were created to manage money for large institutional investors, including pension and 401(k) plans. The A Class and C Class were created for investors investing in the funds through their broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries. The R6 Classes were created to provide third party intermediaries an investment option for the large 401(k) plans that does not charge 12b-1 or sub-transfer agency fees.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP audits and reports on the Funds' annual financial statements. The audited financial statements include the schedule of investments, statement of assets and liabilities, statement of operations, statements of changes in net assets, financial highlights, notes and report of independent registered public accounting firm.
The audited financial statements are incorporated by referenced to the American Beacon Funds' Annual Report to Shareholders of the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value
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Fund, American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund for the period ended December 31, 2016.
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APPENDIX A
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC.
SUMMARY OF PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion in order to secure the best long-term interests of the advisory clients of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. ("AmBeacon"). AmBeacon's proxy voting policies and procedures are designed to implement AmBeacon's duty to vote proxies in clients' best interests. Given that AmBeacon manages portfolios that invest solely in fixed-income securities, the only securities for which we expect to receive proxies are money market mutual funds. As such, the proxy voting policies and procedures set forth voting guidelines for the proxy issues and proposals common to money market funds.
For routine proposals that will not change the structure, bylaws or operations of the money market fund, AmBeacon's policy is to support management; however, each proposal will be considered individually focusing on the financial interests of the client portfolio. Non-routine proposals, such as board elections, advisory contract and distribution plan approvals, investment objective changes, and mergers, will generally be reviewed on a case-by-case basis with AmBeacon first and foremost considering the effect of the proposal on the portfolio.
Items to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and proposals not contemplated in the policies set forth above will be assessed by AmBeacon. In these situations, AmBeacon will use its judgment to vote in the best interest of the client portfolio. For all proposals, especially controversial or case-by-case evaluations, AmBeacon will be responsible for individually identifying significant issues that could impact the investment performance of the portfolio.
AmBeacon manages portfolios for the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust and the American Beacon Select Funds (collectively, the "Beacon Funds"). AmBeacon may invest a Beacon Fund in shares of another Beacon Fund. If a Beacon Fund solicits a proxy for which another Beacon Fund is entitled to vote, AmBeacon's interests as manager of the Beacon Fund seeking shareholder votes may conflict with the interests of the other Beacon Fund as shareholder. To ensure that AmBeacon is acting in the best interests of the other Beacon Fund in this situation, AmBeacon will vote in accordance with the Beacon Fund's Board of Trustees' recommendations in the proxy statement.
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Last Amended March 22, 2017
Preface
Proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion in order to secure the best long-term interests of shareholders of the American Beacon Funds ("Beacon Funds"), the American Beacon Select Funds ("Select Funds") and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust ("Institutional Funds") (collectively, the "Funds"). Therefore, these Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the "Policy") have been adopted by the Funds.
The Funds are managed by American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager"). The Manager allocates discrete portions of the American Beacon Funds among sub-advisors, but the Manager may directly manage all or a portion of the assets of certain Funds directly. The Funds' Boards of Trustees have delegated proxy voting authority to the Manager. The Manager has in turn delegated proxy voting authority to each sub-advisor with respect to the sub-advisor's respective portion of the Fund(s) under management, but the Manager has retained the authority to override a proposed proxy voting decision by a sub-advisor. For the securities held in their respective portion of each Fund, the Manager and the sub-advisors make voting decisions pursuant to their own proxy voting policies and procedures, which have been adopted by the applicable Fund and approved by the applicable Fund's Board of Trustees.
Conflicts of Interest
The Board of Trustees seeks to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of Fund shareholders. For certain proxy proposals, the interests of the Manager, the sub-advisors and/or their affiliates may differ from Fund shareholders' interests. To avoid the appearance of impropriety and to fulfill their fiduciary responsibility to shareholders in these circumstances, the Manager and the sub-advisors are required to establish procedures that are reasonably designed to address material conflicts between their interests and those of the Funds.
When a sub-advisor deems that it is conflicted with respect to a voting matter, its policy may call for it to seek voting instructions from the client. The Manager is authorized by the Boards of Trustees to consider any such matters and provide voting instructions to the sub-advisor, unless the Manager has determined that its interests are conflicted with Fund shareholders with respect to the voting matter. In those instances, the Manager will vote in accordance with the recommendation of a third-party proxy voting advisory service.
Each Beacon Fund and Institutional Fund has the ability to invest in the shares of the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund. If the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund issues a proxy for which a Beacon Fund or Institutional Fund is entitled to vote, the Manager's interests regarding the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund might appear to conflict with the interests of the shareholders of the Beacon Fund and/or Institutional Fund. In these cases, the Manager will vote in accordance with the Select Funds Board of Trustees' recommendations in the proxy statement.
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If the methods for addressing conflicts of interest, as described above, are deemed by the Manager to be unreasonable due to cost, timing or other factors, then the Manager may decline to vote in those instances.
Securities on Loan
The Manager shall engage a proxy voting service to notify the Manager before the record date about the occurrence of future shareholder meetings, as feasible. The Manager will determine whether or not to recall shares of the applicable security that are on loan with the intent of the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, voting such shares. The Manager's determination shall be based on factors which may include the nature of the meeting (i.e., annual or special), the percentage of the proxy issuer's outstanding securities on loan, any other information regarding the proxy proposals of which the Manager may be aware, and the loss of securities lending income to a Fund as a result of recalling the shares on loan.
Recordkeeping
The Manager and the sub-advisors shall maintain records of all votes cast on behalf of the Funds. Such documentation will include the firm's proxy voting policies and procedures, company reports provided by proxy voting advisory services, additional information gathered by the Manager or sub-advisor that was material to reaching a voting decision, and communications to the Manager regarding any identified conflicts. The Manager and the sub-advisors shall maintain voting records in a manner to facilitate the Funds' production of the Form N-PX filing on an annual basis.
Disclosure
The Manager will coordinate the compilation of the Funds' proxy voting record for each year ended June 30 and file the required information with the SEC via Form N-PX by August 31. The Manager will include a summary of the Policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the sub-advisors, as applicable, in each Fund's Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"). In each Fund's annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, the Manager will disclose that a description of the Policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the sub-advisors, as applicable, is a) available upon request, without charge, by toll-free telephone request, b) on the Funds' website (if applicable), and c) on the SEC's website in the SAI. The SAI and shareholder reports will also disclose that the Funds' proxy voting record is available by toll-free telephone request (or on the Funds' website) and on the SEC's website by way of the Form N-PX. Within three business days of receiving a request, the Manager will send a copy of the policy description or voting record by first-class mail.
Manager Oversight
The Manager shall review a sub-advisor's proxy voting policies and procedures for compliance with this Policy and applicable laws and regulations prior to initial delegation of proxy voting authority and on at least an annual basis thereafter.
Board Reporting
On at least an annual basis, the Manager will present a summary of the voting records of the Funds to the Boards of Trustees for their review. The Manager will notify the Boards of Trustees of any material changes to its proxy voting policies and procedures.
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APPENDIX B
PROXY VOTING POLICIES — FUND SUB-ADVISORS
BAHL & GAYNOR, INC.
PROXY VOTING POLICY
Introduction - Proxy Voting
Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to adopt and implement written policies and procedures, reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interest of its clients. The Rule further requires the adviser to provide a summary of the adviser's proxy voting process and offer to provide copies of the complete proxy voting policy and procedures to clients upon request. Lastly, the Rule requires that the adviser disclose to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.
Policy
B&G does not vote proxies in-house. B&G has engaged the services of Broadridge's ProxyEdge platform to vote and maintain records of all proxies. The Broadridge open architecture platform allows B&G to choose from several different proxy advisory firms to make recommendations on how Broadridge should vote the proxies.
B&G has selected Glass Lewis as the current adviser, who considers the reputation, experience, and competence of a company's management and board of directors when it evaluates an issuer.
B&G's complete proxy voting policy and procedure, and those of its proxy voting service providers, are maintained in writing and are available for client review. In addition, B&G's complete proxy voting record is available to our clients, and only to our clients. Clients should contact B&G at the phone number on the front of this document if they have any questions or if they would like to review either of these documents.
Recordkeeping
B&G must maintain the documentation described in the following section for a period of not less than five (5) years, the first two (2) years at its principal place of business. The Compliance Officer will be responsible for the following procedures and for ensuring that the required documentation is retained.
Client request to review proxy votes:
Any request, whether written (including e-mail) or oral, received by any employee of B&G, must be promptly reported to the Compliance Officer. All written requests must be retained in the permanent file.
The Compliance Officer will record the identity of the client, the date of the request, and the disposition (e.g., provided a written or oral response to client's request, referred to third party, not a proxy voting client, other dispositions, etc.) in a suitable place.
In order to facilitate the management of proxy voting record keeping process, and to facilitate dissemination of such proxy voting records to clients, the Compliance Officer will distribute to any client requesting proxy voting information the complete proxy voting record of B&G for the period requested. Reports containing proxy information of only those issuers held by a certain client will not be created or distributed. 1
Any report disseminated to a client(s) will contain the following legend:
"This report contains the full proxy voting record of Bahl & Gaynor. If securities of a particular issuer were held in your
account on the date of the shareholder meeting indicated, your proxy was voted in the direction indicated (absent your expressed
written direction otherwise)."
Furnish the information requested, free of charge, to the client within a reasonable time period (within 10 business days). Maintain a copy of the written record provided in response to client's written (including e-mail) or oral request. A copy of the written response should be attached and maintained with the client's written request, if applicable, and maintained in the permanent file.
Clients are permitted to request the proxy voting record for the 5 year period prior to their request.
Disclosure
B&G will ensure that Part 2A of Form ADV is updated as necessary to reflect: (i) all material changes to the Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures; and (ii) regulatory requirements.
Proxy Solicitation
The Compliance Officer is to be promptly informed of the receipt of any solicitation from any person to vote proxies on behalf of clients. At no time may any employee accept any remuneration in the solicitation of proxies. The Compliance Officer shall handle all responses to such solicitations.
Introduction - Class Action
In addition to Broadridge voting proxies for our clients' securities, B&G has engaged Broadridge as provider to file
Class Actions "Proof of Claim" forms for our client's securities.
Policy
B&G does not file, monitor or process class actions in-house. B&G has engaged the services of Broadridge to file and maintain records of all class actions.
Occasionally securities held in the accounts of our clients will be subject to class action lawsuits. Broadridge actively seeks out any open and eligible class action law lawsuits and provides a comprehensive review of our client's possible claims to the settlement throughout the class action lawsuit process. Additionally, Broadridge files, monitors and expedites the distribution of settlement proceeds on behalf of our clients.
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B&G's complete policy, and those of its class action service provider, are maintained in writing and are available for client review. Clients should contact B&G at the phone number on the front of this document if they have any questions or if they would like to review these records.
1 For clients who have provided B&G with specific direction on proxy voting, the Compliance Officer will review the proxy voting record and permanent file in order to identify those proposals voted differently than how Broadridge voted clients not providing direction.
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BRIDGEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
PROXY VOTING POLICY
As Amended September 16, 2016
I.
Overview
This proxy voting policy (the "policy") is designed to provide reasonable assurance that proxies are voted in the clients'
best interest, when the responsibility for voting client proxies rests with Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. ("BCM"). BCM
has engaged Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS"), a third party proxy voting agent, to research proxy proposals, provide
vote recommendations and vote proxies on behalf of the firm. BCM has adopted the ISS Social Advisory Services SRI U.S. Proxy
Voting Guidelines("SRI Guidelines")for all domestic U.S. proxy issues and the ISS Social Advisory Services SRI International
Proxy Voting Guidelines ("SRI International Guidelines") for all non-domestic proxy issues.
BCM's Investment Operations Team Leader is responsible for ensuring compliance with this policy. Questions regarding this
policy should be directed to the Investment Operations Team Leader or the Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO").
II. Proxy Voting Guidelines
BCM has instructed ISS to vote in accordance with the SRI Guidelines for all domestic proxy issues with the exception of proxy proposals related to the election of directors where ISS will only vote for director slates when there is a woman and an ethnic minority on the board and/or up for election on the proxy. If those requirements are met, ISS will vote in accordance with the SRI Guidelines. Likewise, BCM has instructed ISS to vote in accordance with the SRI International Guidelines for all non-domestic proxy issues with the exception of proxy proposals related to the election of directors where ISS will refer all non-domestic director proposals to BCM to be voted in the best interest of BCM's clients. In cases where the SRI Guidelines do not address a specific proxy proposal, BCM has adopted the ISS U.S. Corporate Governance Policy ("Standard Guidelines") and has instructed ISS to vote in accordance with the Standard Guidelines. BCM's Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") maintains copies of the SRI Guidelines, the SRI International Guidelines and the Standard Guidelines which are incorporated herein by reference. To the extent the SRI Guidelines, SRI International Guidelines and the Standard Guidelines do not address a proxy proposal but ISS has done research to address the issue, ISS will vote proxies in the best interest of BCM's clients.
BCM has instructed ISS to vote as described above unless the following conditions apply:
1. BCM's Investment Management Team has decided to override the ISS vote recommendation for a client based on its own determination that the client would best be served with a vote contrary to the ISS recommendation. Such decision will be documented by BCM and communicated to ISS; or
2. ISS does not provide a vote recommendation, in which case BCM will independently determine how a particular issue should be voted. In these instances, BCM, through its Investment Management Team, will document the reason(s) used in determining a vote and communicate BCM's voting instruction to ISS.
BCM's Investment Operations team is responsible for ensuring compliance with this policy. Compliance is responsible for reviewing this policy on a regular basis and ensuring this policy complies with applicable rules. Questions regarding this policy should be directed to the Investment Operations Partner In Charge.
III. Record Retention Requirements
ISS shall maintain the following proxy voting records:
A. Proxy statements received regarding client securities. Electronic statements, such as those maintained on EDGAR or by a proxy voting service are acceptable;
B. Records of proxy votes cast on behalf of each client for a period of five years.
BCM shall maintain the following required proxy voting records:
A. Documents prepared by BCM that were material to making the decision of how to vote proxies on behalf of a client if we vote against the ISS recommendation or policy,
B. Records of clients' written or oral requests for proxy voting information, including a record of the information provided by BCM,
C. Historical records of votes cast on behalf of each client, and
D. Current and historical proxy voting policies and procedures.
BCM will keep records in accordance with its Books and Records Policy.
III. Conflicts of Interest
A. Overview Unless BCM votes a proxy proposal as described under Section I. above, BCM does not address material conflicts of interest that could arise between BCM and its clients related to proxy voting matters. Since BCM relies on ISS to cast proxy votes independently, as described above, BCM has determined that any potential conflict of interest between BCM and its clients is adequately mitigated.
However, when BCM is involved in making the determination as to how a particular proxy proposal will be voted, the Investment Management Team member will consult with the CCO to determine if any potential material conflicts of interest exist or may exist that require consideration before casting a vote. For purposes of this policy, material conflicts of interest are defined as those conflicts that a reasonable investor would view as important in making a decision regarding how to vote a proxy. The CCO in consultation with the Investment Management Team will determine whether the proxy
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may be voted by BCM, whether to seek legal advice, or whether to refer the proxy to the client(s) (or another fiduciary of the client(s)) for voting purposes.
Additionally, ISS monitors its conflicts of interest in voting proxies and has provided the firm a written summary report of its due diligence compliance process which includes information related to ISS' conflicts of interest policies, procedures and practices. BCM will review updates from time to time to determine whether ISS conflicts of interest may materially and adversely affect BCM's clients and, if so, whether any action should be taken as a result.
IV. Monitoring of ISS
BCM will periodically perform due diligence to assess ISS' ability to adequately analyze proxy issues and manage its conflicts of interest. In order to make this assessment, BCM shall consider, among other things:
A. ISS's oversight structure and personnel performing services on behalf of BCM;
B. Policies, procedures and related controls , including those that ensure vote recommendations are in accordance with ISS's
voting guidelines and are based on current and accurate information;
C. Policies and procedures related to the identification, management and disclosure of conflicts of interest impacting services
provided; and
D. Changes in ISS' business and specific conflicts of interest in order to reasonably determine whether ISS' conflicts of
interest may materially and adversely affect BCM's clients and, if so, whether any action should be taken as a result.
V. Loaned Securities
As a general matter, securities on loan will not be recalled to facilitate proxy voting (in which case the borrower of the
security shall be entitled to vote the proxy). However, if IMT is aware of an item in time to recall the security and has
determined in good faith that the importance of the matter to be voted upon outweighs the loss in lending revenue that would
result from recalling the security (i.e., if there is a controversial upcoming merger or acquisition, or some other significant
matter), the security will be recalled for voting.
VI. Disclosure
A. BCM will disclose in its Form ADV Part 2A that clients may contact BCM in order to obtain information on how BCM voted
such client's proxies, and to request a copy of this policy. If a client requests this information, Investment Operations,
will prepare a written response to the client that lists, with respect to each voted proxy that the client has inquired about:
(1) the name of the issuer, (2) the proposal voted upon and (3) how BCM voted the client's proxy.
B. A concise summary of this Proxy Voting Policy will be included in the BCM's Form ADV Part 2A, and will be updated whenever
this policy is updated.
ISS-SRI Executive Summary
January 2013
INTRODUCTION
ISS' Social Advisory Services division recognizes that socially responsible investors have dual objectives: financial and
social. Socially responsible investors invest for economic gain, as do all investors, but they also require that companies
in which they invest conduct their business in a socially and environmentally responsible manner.
The dual objectives carry through to the proxy voting activity, after the security selection process is completed. In voting their shares, socially responsible institutional shareholders are concerned not only with economic returns to shareholders and good corporate governance, but also with the ethical behavior of corporations and the social and environmental impact of their actions.
Social Advisory Services has, therefore, developed SRI proxy voting guidelines that are consistent with the dual objectives of socially responsible shareholders. On matters of social and environmental import, the guidelines seek to reflect a broad consensus of the socially responsible investing community. Generally, we take as our frame of reference policies that have been developed by groups such as the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, the General Board of Pension and Health Benefits of the United Methodist Church, Domini Social Investments, and other leading church shareholders and socially responsible mutual funds. Additionally, we incorporate the active ownership and investment philosophies of leading globally recognized initiatives such as the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI), the United Nations Global Compact, and environmental and social European Union Directives.
On matters of corporate governance, executive compensation, and corporate structure, the SRI guidelines are based on a commitment to create and preserve economic value and to advance principles of corporate governance best practice consistent with responsibilities to society as a whole.
The guidelines provide an overview of how Social Advisory Services recommends that its clients vote. We note there may be cases in which the final vote recommendation on a particular company varies from the vote guideline due to the fact that we closely examine the merits of each proposal and consider recent and company-specific information in arriving at our decisions. Where Social Advisory Services acts as a voting agent for clients, it follows each client's voting policy, which may differ in some cases from the policies outlined in this document. Social Advisory Services updates its guidelines on an annual basis to take into account new social and environmental issues and the latest trends and developments in corporate governance.
The guidelines evaluate management and shareholder proposals as follows:
MANAGEMENT PROPOSALS
1. Board of Directors
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Social Advisory Services considers director elections to be one of the most important voting decisions that shareholders make. Boards should be comprised of a majority of independent directors and key board committees should be comprised entirely of independent directors. The independent directors are expected to organize much of the board's work, even if the chief executive officer also serves as Chairman of the board. It is expected that boards will engage in critical self-evaluation of themselves and of individual members. Directors are ultimately responsible to the corporation's shareholders. The most direct expression of this responsibility is the requirement that directors be elected to their positions by the shareholders.
Social Advisory Services will generally oppose slates of director nominees that are not comprised of a majority of independent directors and will vote against/withhold votes from non-independent directors who sit on key board committees. In addition, Social Advisory Services will generally vote against/withhold votes from directors individually, committee members, or potentially the entire board, for failure to failure to adequately guard against or manage ESG risks, and from members of the nominating committee, with the exception of new nominees, where the board lacks gender or racial diversity. The election of directors who have failed to attend a minimum of 75 percent of board meetings held during the year will be opposed.
Social Advisory Services supports requests asking for the separation of the positions of Chairman and CEO and requests to adopt cumulative voting, opposes the creation of classified boards, and reviews proposals to change board size on a case-by-case basis. Social Advisory Services also supports shareholder proposals calling for greater access to the board, affording shareholders the ability to nominate directors to corporate boards. Social Advisory Services may vote against/withhold from directors at companies where problematic pay practices exist, and where boards have not been accountable or responsive to their shareholders.
2. Auditors
While it is recognized that the company is in the best position to evaluate the competence of the outside accountants, we believe that outside accountants must ultimately be accountable to shareholders. Given the rash of accounting irregularities that were not detected by audit panels or auditors, shareholder ratification is an essential step in restoring investor confidence. A Blue Ribbon Commission concluded that audit committees must improve their current level of oversight of independent accountants. Social Advisory Services will vote against the ratification of the auditor in cases where non-audit fees represent more than 25 percent of the total fees paid to the auditor in the previous year. Social Advisory Services supports requests asking for the rotation of the audit firm, if the request includes a timetable of five years or more.
3. Takeover Defenses / Shareholder Rights
Topics evaluated in this category include shareholders' ability to call a special meeting or act by written consent, the adoption or redemption of poison pills, unequal voting rights, fair price provisions, greenmail, supermajority vote requirements, and confidential voting. Social Advisory Services generally opposes takeover defenses, as they limit shareholder value by eliminating the takeover or control premium for the company. As owners of the company, shareholders should be given the opportunity to decide on the merits of takeover offers. Further, takeover devices can be used to entrench a board that is unresponsive to shareholders on both governance and corporate social responsibility issues.
4. Miscellaneous Governance Provisions Social Advisory Services evaluates proposals that concern governance issues such as shareholder meeting adjournments, quorum requirements, corporate name changes, and bundled or conditional proposals on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the impact on shareholder rights.
5. Capital Structures Capital structure related topics include requests for increases in authorized stock, stock splits and reverse stock splits, issuances of blank check preferred stock, debt restructurings, and share repurchase plans. Social Advisory Services supports a one-share, one-vote policy and opposes mechanisms that skew voting rights.
Social Advisory Services supports capital requests that provide companies with adequate financing flexibility while protecting shareholders from excessive dilution of their economic and voting interests. Proposals to increase common stock are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the company's past use of share authorizations and elements of the current request.
6. Executive and Director Compensation The global financial crisis has resulted in significant erosion of shareholder value and highlighted the need for greater assurance that executive compensation is principally performance-based, fair, reasonable, and not designed in a manner that would incentivize excessive risk-taking by management. The crisis has raised questions about the role of pay incentives in influencing executive behavior and motivating inappropriate or excessive risk-taking and other unsustainable practices that could threaten a corporation‘s long-term viability. The safety lapses that led to the disastrous explosions at BP's Deepwater Horizon oil rig and Massey Energy's Upper Big Branch mine, and the resulting unprecedented losses in shareholder value; a) underscore the importance of incorporating meaningful economic incentives around social and environmental considerations in compensation program design, and; b) exemplify the costly liabilities of failing to do so.
Social Advisory Services evaluates executive and director compensation by considering the presence of appropriate pay-for-performance alignment with long-term shareholder value, compensation arrangements that risk "pay for failure," and an assessment of the clarity and comprehensiveness of compensation disclosures. Equity plan proposals are considered on a case-by-case basis using a binomial pricing model that estimates the cost of a company's stock-based incentive programs. Plan features and any recent controversies surrounding a company's pay practices are also factored into the analysis of compensation proposals. Shareholder proposals calling for additional disclosure on compensation issues or the alignment of executive compensation with social or environmental performance criteria are supported, while shareholder proposals calling for other changes to a company's compensation programs are reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires advisory shareholder votes on executive compensation (management "say on pay" or MSOP), an advisory vote on the frequency of say on pay, as well as a shareholder advisory vote on golden parachute compensation.
Social Advisory Services will Vote AGAINST management say on pay (MSOP) proposals if there is a misalignment between CEO pay and company performance, the company maintains problematic pay practices, and the board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders Social Advisory Services will evaluate whether pay quantum is in alignment with company performance, and consideration will also be
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given to whether the proportion of performance-contingent pay elements is sufficient in light of concerns with a misalignment between executive pay and company performance.
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
There is no MSOP on the ballot, and an AGAINST vote on an MSOP is warranted due to pay for performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof;
The board fails to respond adequately to a previous MSOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast; · The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, including option repricing or option backdating; or
The situation is egregious.
Vote AGAINST an equity plan on the ballot if:
A pay-for-performance misalignment exists, and a significant portion of the CEO's misaligned pay is attributed to non-performance-based equity awards, taking into consideration: a) magnitude of pay misalignment; b) contribution of non-performance-based equity grants to overall pay; and c) the proportion of equity awards granted in the last three fiscal years concentrated at the named executive officer (NEO) level.
7. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
Mergers, acquisitions, spinoffs, reincorporations, and other corporate restructuring plans are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, given the potential for significant impact on shareholder value and on shareholders' economic interests. In addition, these corporate actions can have a significant impact on community stakeholders and the workforce, and may affect the levels of employment, community lending, equal opportunity, and impact on the environment.
8. Mutual Fund Proxies
There are a number of proposals that are specific to mutual fund proxies, including the election of trustees, investment advisory agreements, and distribution agreements. Social Advisory Services evaluates these proposals on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration recent trends and best practices at mutual funds.
SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS
9. Shareholder Proposals on Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation
Shareholder proposals topics include board-related issues, shareholder rights and board accountability issues, as well as compensation matters . Each year, shareholders file numerous proposals that address key issues regarding corporate governance and executive compensation. Social Advisory Services evaluates these proposals from the perspective that good corporate governance practices can have positive implications for a company and its ability to maximize shareholder value. Proposals that seek to improve a board's accountability to its shareholders and other stakeholders are supported. Social Advisory Services supports initiatives that seek to strengthen the link between executive pay and performance, including performance elements related to corporate social responsibility.
10. Shareholder Proposals on Social and Environmental Proposals
Shareholder resolutions on social and environmental topics include workplace diversity and safety topics, codes of conduct, labor standards and human rights, the environment and energy, weapons, consumer welfare, and public safety.
Socially responsible shareholder resolutions are receiving a great deal more attention from institutional shareholders today than in the past. In addition to the moral and ethical considerations intrinsic to many of these proposals, there is a growing recognition of the potentially significant impact of social and environmental topics on the financial performance of the company. In general, Social Advisory Services supports shareholder proposals on social, workforce, or environmental topics that seek to promote responsible corporate citizenship while enhancing long-term shareholder value. Social Advisory Services will vote for reports that seek additional disclosure particularly when it appears companies have not adequately addressed shareholder concerns on social, workplace, or environmental concerns. We will closely evaluate proposals that ask the company to cease certain actions that the proponent believes are harmful to society or some segment of society with special attention to the company's legal and ethical obligations, its ability to remain profitable, and potential negative publicity if the company fails to honor the request. Social Advisory Services supports shareholder proposals that seek to improve a company's public image, or reduce its exposure to liabilities and risks.
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HOLLAND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Revised December 2014
Policy
Holland Capital Management LLC ("Holland Capital") has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act"). Our authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established by our advisory contracts or comparable documents, and our proxy voting guidelines ("Guidelines"), have been tailored to reflect these specific contractual obligations. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts set out in the Department of Labor Bulletin 94-2,29 C.F.R. 2509.94-2 (July 29, 1994).
Holland Capital's proxy voting procedures are designed and implemented to reasonably ensure that proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of the clients and material conflicts will be resolved in the best interest of the client. These procedures are guidelines only and each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration contractual obligations and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote. Notwithstanding these Policies and Procedures, if, at any time reasonably in advance of the time when a proxy must be exercised, a client requests that Holland Capital vote the proxies for shares beneficially owned by that client in a certain manner or that Holland Capital will focus resources on only particular types of proposals based on the client's preferences, Holland Capital will follow that instruction. There may be circumstances under which Holland Capital declines to take responsibility for voting a client's proxies and directs the custodian to mail proxy material directly to the clients. If a stock is part of a securities lending program, Holland Capital may be limited or unable to vote the proxy.
Holland Capital is not required to engage in shareholder activism, but is obligated to be reasonably informed about the company and to have reviewed and be familiar with the issues raised in the proxy materials.
Holland Capital subscribes to Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. ("ISS"), a proxy voting and advisory service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas and vote recommendations. In determining how to vote proxies Holland Capital considers the ISS recommendations, among other matters.
Special Considerations
Accounts Subject to the Employee Retirement Income Securities Act of 1974 ("ERISA")
The Department of Labor's Interpretive Bulletin 94-2, 29 CFR 2509.94-2, discusses the voting of proxies appurtenant to shares of a corporation's stock that is held by or for an employee benefit plan that is subject to ERISA. With respect to such plans for which Holland Capital serves as an investment manager, Holland Capital will act in a manner consistent with its responsibilities: the duty of loyalty, prudence, compliance with the plan and the duty to avoid prohibited transactions. In particular, where the named fiduciary of the plan has reserved to itself (or to another fiduciary in accordance with the plan document) the right to direct the voting of some or all proxies, Holland Capital will deliver to such fiduciary all such proxy materials for exercise by that plan fiduciary. Where the named fiduciary has not reserved such voting right but has expressly conditioned Holland Capital's engagement as investment manager upon compliance with a statement of investment policy that includes policies on proxy voting, Holland Capital will vote the proxies for shares in the plan's accounts managed by Holland Capital in a manner consistent with such policies except to the extent Holland Capital determines that adherence to such policies would violate its fiduciary duties under ERISA. Holland Capital's decision to vote proxies for an ERISA client will take into account the effect that the plan's vote, either by itself or together with other votes, is expected to have on the value of the plan's investment and whether this expected effect would outweigh the cost of voting, particularly with regard to non-U.S. securities.
Holland Capital will maintain accurate records of its voting of shares of stock held for such plans and will make such records or extracts thereof available to plan administrators and fiduciaries upon request.
The above policies regarding proxy voting for ERISA plans will take precedence over the following general proxy voting guidelines in the event of any conflict between them.
Mutual Funds
Upon request, Holland Capital will vote the proxies of securities held by mutual funds to which it acts as a sub-adviser in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940. The proxies of companies in the portfolio are subject to applicable investment restrictions of the fund and will be voted in accordance with any resolutions or other instructions approved by authorized persons of the fund.
Availability and Disclosure
Holland Capital provides clients with a copy of its policies and procedures upon request, with the provision that they may be updated from time to time. Form ADV, Part 2 specifies how clients can obtain information from the adviser on how the client's proxies were voted. Holland Capital may make this information available periodically to a client upon request and in a manner appropriate to the nature of its advisory business. Unless otherwise directed by a client, Holland Capital's policy is not to disclose to third parties how it voted a client's proxy.
Investment Policy Committee
Holland Capital has established the Investment Policy Committee ("IPC") which consists of Holland Capital's equity investment analysts ("Analysts"), its portfolio managers and its Chief Investment Officer, who serves as the chair. The IPC is responsible for implementing these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures; the Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for overseeing their periodic review and revision.
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Procedures
Holland Capital's Client Service department ("Client Service") is responsible for administering the proxy voting process. ISS is responsible for coordinating with the clients' custodians to ensure that all proxy materials received by the custodians relating to the clients' portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion.
The IPC Analysts are responsible for reviewing proxy votes on securities held in advisory clients' accounts and making all decisions regarding the purchase and sale of securities for clients' portfolios. Generally the Analyst that follows the company will be responsible for decisions on voting its proxies. Since equity accounts are generally managed using the same investment philosophy and process, most accounts hold the same securities. Votes cast for the same security held in multiple advisory clients' accounts will generally be voted the same unless there would be a conflict with the client's goals, objectives, and/or directives. This could result in a different vote cast for the same security held in multiple clients' accounts.
Client Service works with ISS to ensure that all meeting notices and proxy matters are communicated to the Analysts and portfolio managers for consideration pursuant to these procedures.
A primary factor used in determining whether to invest or continue an investment in a particular issuer's securities is the quality of that company's management. Therefore, all other things being equal, the recommendations of management on any proxy matter will be given significant consideration of how to vote that proxy.
Although reliance is placed on the Guidelines in casting votes, each proxy issue is considered on a case-by-case basis. Instances may occur where a proxy vote will be inconsistent with the recommendations of Management and ISS. Additionally, the proxies and related proxy issues generally vary among companies, so votes may vary from company to company. Generally proxies are voted consistent with the Guidelines, and Client Service is instructed to vote all proxies accordingly, unless the Analyst indicates otherwise. The Analyst is responsible for notifying Client Service of circumstances where the interests of clients may warrant a vote contrary to the Guidelines. In such instances, the Analyst and/or portfolio manager will submit a recommendation to the IPC which documents his rationale for voting contrary to the Guidelines.
Holland Capital will attempt to process every proxy vote it receives. There may be instances where Holland Capital may not be given enough time to process a proxy vote. For example, Holland Capital, through no fault of its own, may receive a meeting notice too late to act or may be unable to obtain a timely translation so it could vote the shares. Client Service works with ISS to reconcile proxies received against holdings on the record date over which the adviser has voting authority to ensure that all shares held on the record date and for which a voting obligation exists, are voted.
Holland Capital reserves the right to request a client to vote their shares themselves. For example, such requests may be made in situations where the client has represented to Holland Capital that their position on a particular issue differs from Holland Capital's position.
Conflicts of Interest
From time-to-time Holland Capital may have conflicts related to proxy voting. As a matter of policy, Holland Capital's portfolio managers, Analysts and other Holland Capital officers and employees will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of clients. Any such person who becomes aware of a material conflict between the interests of a client and the interests of Holland Capital relating to a particular proxy vote shall immediately disclose that conflict to the IPC. The IPC is responsible for monitoring and resolving such conflicts, as discussed below. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include:
Business Relationships . A proxy voting proposal relating to a company or other persons with which Holland Capital has a material business relationship may cause a conflict if failure to vote in a manner favorable to such company or other persons could harm Holland Capital's relationship with that company. One example is where Holland Capital is or seeks to be appointed manager of a company's pension plan and would be looked to by the company and its officers to vote in favor of all of management's proposals and against those opposed by management.
Personal or Familial Relationships . A proxy voting proposal relating to a company or situation where Holland Capital, or an officer or employee of Holland Capital, or an affiliate has a personal or familial relationship, e.g., spouse, close personal friend or family relative, with one or more present or prospective directors of that company, may cause a conflict of interest.
In the event the IPC, an Analyst, or portfolio manager identifies a material conflict of interest relating to a particular proxy proposal, the affected Analyst or portfolio manager will be required to recuse himself or herself from the proxy voting process, and the IPC will be responsible for reviewing the proposal and determining the vote. In all instances, the Analyst or portfolio manager will be required to provide the IPC with a written recommendation as to how the proxy should be voted and the rationale for such recommendation. In addition, the Analyst or portfolio manager will disclose to the IPC in writing any contact he or she has had with persons outside of Holland Capital regarding the proxy issue. The IPC will review the Analyst's or portfolio manager's voting recommendation and all relevant facts and circumstances and determine how the proxy should be voted. If the IPC believes the application of the Guidelines is not in the best interests of clients, the IPC may vote contrary to the Guidelines or may not vote the proxy, and it will document its voting rationale.
Oversight of Proxy Voting and Advisory Service
The proxy voting service engaged by Holland Capital may have conflicts from time to time. Disclosure of these conflicts will be brought to the attention of the IPC and the CCO. They will determine if further action or additional information is required. In order to fulfill Holland Capital's oversight responsibilities related to the use of a proxy advisory firm, Holland Capital will conduct a due diligence review of ISS annually by reviewing its Form ADV Part 2 to determine whether there are any new potential conflicts of interest disclosures and requesting the following information:
ISS' Policies, Procedures and Practices Regarding Potential Conflicts of Interest
ISS' Regulatory Code of Ethics
The firm's most recent SSAE 16 review conducted by an independent auditor
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Recordkeeping
As required by Rule 204-2c of the Advisers Act, Holland Capital retains records of votes cast on behalf of clients, records of client requests for proxy voting information and all documents prepared by Holland Capital regarding votes cast contrary to the Guidelines. In addition, any document prepared by Holland Capital that is material to a proxy voting decision such as the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, Proxy Voting Guidelines, IPC materials and other internal research relating to voting decisions will be kept. All proxy voting materials and supporting documentation are retained for a minimum of 5 years, the first 2 years at Holland Capital's office.
EXHIBIT A
Holland Capital Proxy Voting Guidelines
The following is a summary of Holland Capital's proxy voting guidelines that set forth what the Analysts will follow as a general matter, particularly in the cases of conflicts of interests between those of Holland Capital and the client. Holland Capital has engaged ISS, a proxy voting research service, to assist in the voting of proxies by making proxy voting recommendations to Holland Capital. ISS provides detailed guidance and models for many issues that are decided on a case-by-case basis.
General Philosophy
Routine Matters/Corporate Administrative Items. After an initial review, the adviser will generally vote with management on routine matters related to the operation of the company and not expected to have a significant impact on the company and/or the shareholders.
Potential for Major Economic Impact. The adviser reviews and analyzes on a case-by-case basis, non-routine proposals that are more likely to affect the structure and operation of the issuer and to have a greater impact on the value of the investment.
Corporate Governance. The adviser reviews and considers corporate governance issues related to proxy matters and generally supports proposals that foster good corporate governance practices.
1. Board of Directors
Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
In uncontested board elections, Holland Capital will generally vote in favor of management's directors because Holland Capital believes that management is in the best possible position to evaluate the qualifications of directors and the needs and dynamics of a particular board. Nonetheless, votes on director nominees will be made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, examining the following factors: composition of the board and key board committees, attendance at board and committee meetings, long-term company performance and stock price.
Classification/Declassification of the Board
Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board.
Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.
Independent Chairman (Separate Chairman/CEO)
Vote, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, on shareholder proposals requiring that the positions of chairman and CEO be held separately. Because some companies have governance structures in place that counterbalance a combined position, certain factors should be taken into account in determining whether the proposal warrants support. These factors include the presence of a lead director, board and committee independence, governance guidelines, company performance, and annual review by outside directors of CEO pay.
Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Committees
Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that at least two-thirds of directors be independent.
Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, governance and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors if they currently do not meet that standard.
2. Auditor Ratification
Generally support management's choice of auditor proposed by an audit committee of independent directors except when the auditor's independence or audit integrity has been compromised or unless any of the following apply:
An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent.
There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the company's financial position or there is some other concern regarding the performance of the auditor in carrying out its duties to shareholders or potential conflicts of interest.
3. Shareholder Rights
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.
Vote FOR proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.
Cumulative Voting
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Vote FOR proposals to restore or permit cumulative voting on a CASE-BY-CASE basis relative to the company's other governance provisions.
4. Proxy Contests
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Votes in a contested election of directors must be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the factors that include the long-term financial performance, management's track record, qualifications of director nominees (both slates), and an evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders.
5. Poison Pills (Shareholder Rights Plans)
Although we typically recommend that shareholders vote against these plans to protect their financial interests and ensure that they have an opportunity to consider any offer for their shares, poison pills must be decided on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
6. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and corporate restructurings based on such features as the fairness opinion, pricing, strategic rationale, and the negotiating process.
7. Reincorporation Proposals
Proposals to change a company's state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, and a comparison of the jurisdictional laws.
8. Capital Structure Common Stock Authorization
Votes on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
9. Executive and Director Compensation
Votes with respect to compensation and equity-based compensation plans shall be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Management Proposals Seeking Approval to Reprice Options
Votes on management proposals seeking approval to reprice options are evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Votes on employee stock purchase plans will be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis by reviewing whether or not the specific components of the plan are reasonable and whether the company's use of equity in its compensation plans generally is reasonable when compared with peers and when compared with the performance of the business.
Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long-term corporate outlook.
10. Social and Environmental Issues
These issues cover a wide range of topics, including consumer and public safety, environment and energy, general corporate issues, labor standards and human rights, military business, and workplace diversity.
In general, the IPC will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. While a wide variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principal guiding all vote decisions focuses on how the proposal will enhance the economic value of the company.
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STEPHENS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC ("SIMG") has adopted the policies and procedures set out below regarding the voting of proxies on securities held in investment advisory client accounts (the "Policy"). This Policy is designed by SIMG to comply with its legal, fiduciary and contractual obligations where SIMG has the authority to vote such proxies. SIMG is a fiduciary and owes each of its clients a duty of care and loyalty with respect to the services it has undertaken on the client's behalf, including the voting of proxies. It is the policy of SIMG to vote all proxies on securities held in client investment advisory accounts over which the client has given SIMG voting authority (the "Proxies") in the best interests of its clients.
RESPONSIBILITY
SIMG's Board of Managers has responsibility for determining SIMG's Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, exceptions to the procedures and the framework for how SIMG will vote Proxies in accordance with these procedures. SIMG's Proxy Committee consists of the Chief Investment Officer, the Chief Compliance Officer, the Portfolio Manager and the Financial Analyst who collectively have a broad and diverse range of experience in the financial services industry.
The responsibility for monitoring the Policy and the practices, disclosures and recordkeeping relating to SIMG's Proxy voting will be coordinated through SIMG's compliance department. Regular reports of proxy votes will be provided to SIMG's Board of Managers, and SIMG's Board of Managers shall review proxy voting on an ongoing basis.
PROCEDURES
SIMG has established procedures related to Proxy voting to implement the Policy set forth herein. The Policy and procedures may be amended or updated from time to time as appropriate.
Determining Responsibility to Vote Proxies. At the opening of each investment advisory client relationship, proxy voting responsibility, including any applicable regulatory requirements, will be determined, and any client proxy policies and/or guidelines regarding proxy voting will be ascertained. SIMG's investment management agreements typically specify that SIMG will assume proxy voting authority, unless a client retains such authority.
Retaining Services of A Third Party Proxy Advisory Firm. SIMG's Proxy Committee has determined that SIMG will utilize the services of a third party proxy advisory firm. In selecting a proxy advisory firm, SIMG will assess whether or not the proxy advisory firm has the necessary capacity and competence to adequately analyze proxy issues. In making this determination, SIMG will consider among other things the adequacy and quality of the proxy advisory firm's staffing and personnel and the robustness of the proxy advisory firm's policies and procedures regarding its ability to (i) ensure that its proxy voting recommendations are based on current and accurate information and (ii) identify and address any conflicts of interest and other considerations believed by SIMG to be appropriate considering the nature and quality of the services to be provided to SIMG.
Voting and Voting Guidelines. SIMG has selected Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. ("ISS"), an independent proxy-advisory firm, to provide research, recommendations and other proxy voting services for client Proxies. Absent a determination by SIMG's Proxy Committee to override ISS's guidelines and/or recommendations, SIMG will vote all client Proxies in accordance with ISS guidelines and recommendations. SIMG has also retained ISS for its voting agent service to administer its Proxy voting operation. As such, ISS is responsible for submitting all Proxies in a timely manner and for maintaining appropriate records of Proxy votes. SIMG may choose to hire other service providers or replace or supplement any of the services SIMG currently receives from ISS.
ISS maintains Proxy Voting Guidelines and Policies (the "Guidelines") that address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among others, shareholder voting rights, anti-takeover defenses, board structures, the election of directors, executive compensation, reorganizations, mergers and various shareholder proposals. These Guidelines may be amended by ISS from time to time.
Overrides. While it is generally SIMG's policy to follow the most current version of the Guidelines and recommendations from ISS, SIMG retains the authority to adopt guidelines from time to time that differ from the Guidelines. In addition, SIMG retains the authority on any particular Proxy vote to vote differently from the Guidelines or a related ISS recommendation. Such authority may be exercised only by the Proxy Committee. With respect to changing any voting guidelines from the ISS Guidelines, the Proxy Committee will consider the reasons for changing the guidelines and will create and maintain a written record reflecting its reasons for adopting the changed guidelines.
Copies of upcoming proxy votes will be circulated to the Proxy Committee along with ISS's recommendation for each proxy vote. Each Proxy Committee member will review the upcoming votes, and if any member of the Proxy Committee wishes to override ISS's voting recommendation, a meeting of the Proxy Committee shall be convened to discuss whether to override ISS's recommendation. The Proxy Committee shall:
(i) consider the reasons for voting in a manner different from the ISS recommendation;
(ii) consider whether there is a material conflict of interest between SIMG and its advisory clients or between the third
party proxy advisory firm and any person that would make it inappropriate for the Proxy Committee to vote in a manner different
from the ISS recommendations;
(iii) exercise its judgment to vote the Proxy in the best economic interests of SIMG's investment advisory clients; and
(iv) create and maintain a written record reflecting the basis for its judgment as to such Proxy vote.
In the event that any member of the Proxy Committee has any material pecuniary interest (direct or indirect) in a Proxy matter that is separate and distinct from that of a shareholder of the Proxy issuer, then the member shall recuse himself from the Proxy Committee's deliberations regarding that matter.
Input from Others. The Proxy Committee may, with respect to any particular proxy matter under consideration, solicit and/or receive input from any employee of SIMG or its affiliates (e.g., an employee with the Stephens Inc. Research Department), so long as neither the individual nor his or
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her department have a material interest in the outcome of the proxy matter under consideration that would potentially conflict with the economic interests of SIMG's advisory clients. For example, the Proxy Committee should not solicit input from a Stephens Inc. investment banker with respect to a proxy matter if Stephens Inc. investment bankers are advising the issuer on the transaction underlying the proxy.
Conflicts of Interest . SIMG is part of a large financial services organization that has investment banking and other business relationships with, and/or ownership interests in, many issuers of securities. Such relationships may, from time to time, create or give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest between SIMG (or its affiliates) and its clients. For example, an affiliate of SIMG may have an investment banking relationship with an issuer of voting securities that could create the potential for a conflict with SIMG's duty, in the Proxy voting process, to act in the best economic interest of its investment advisory clients. SIMG has implemented procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing its Proxy voting decisions. These procedures include information barriers and, most significantly, the use of an independent third party proxy advisory firm to assist SMIG in the Proxy voting process.
Recordkeeping . SIMG shall maintain relevant records, in paper or electronic format, through EDGAR or ISS, including Proxy statements, related research materials, Proxy ballots and votes, on an issue and client basis. SIMG shall also maintain copies of any written client request for Proxy voting information regarding investment advisory client securities and any written responses thereto.
Periodic Review. SIMG will provide ongoing oversight over any third party proxy advisory firm it retains to ensure that SIMG, through the third party, continues to vote proxies in the best interests of SIMG's clients. Proxy voting for the most recent quarterly period will be presented to SIMG's Board of Managers and reviewed by them each quarter.
Annually, SIMG shall review this proxy voting policy and its implementation over the past 12 month period. SIMG, as part of this review, shall assess its third party proxy voting advisory firm's actions and recommendations. In this review, SIMG shall determine:
whether or not proxies have been voted in SIMG clients' best interests;
whether or not any conflict of interest was identified in connection with proxy voting;
whether or not any business changes or other factors have influenced SIMG's third party proxy advisory firm's continued effectiveness and independence; and
whether or not SIMG's proxy advisory firm continues to have the capacity to evaluate issues.
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APPENDIX C
Ratings Definitions
Below are summaries of the ratings definitions used by some of the rating organizations. Those ratings represent the opinion of the rating organizations as to the credit quality of the issues that they rate. The summaries are based upon publicly available information provided by the rating organizations.
Ratings of Long-Term Obligations and Preferred Stocks — The Funds utilize ratings provided by rating organizations in order to determine eligibility of long-term obligations. The ratings described in this section may also be used for evaluating the credit quality for preferred stocks.
Credit ratings typically evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of bonds. The rating organizations may fail to update a credit rating on a timely basis to reflect changes in economic or financial conditions that may affect the market value of the security. For these reasons, credit ratings may not be an accurate indicator of the market value of a bond.
The four highest Moody's ratings for long-term obligations (or issuers thereof) are Aaa, Aa, A and Baa. Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk. Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Moody's ratings of Ba, B, Caa, Ca and C are considered below investment grade. Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk. Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. Moody's also appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a "(hyb)" indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.
The four highest Standard & Poor's ratings for long-term obligations are AAA, AA, A and BBB. An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Standard & Poor's ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are considered below investment grade and are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor's expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher. An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. A rating of NR indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
The four highest ratings for long-term obligations by Fitch Ratings are AAA, AA, A and BBB. Obligations rated AAA are deemed to be of the highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events. Obligations rated AA are deemed to be of very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events. Obligations rated A are deemed to be of high credit quality. An A rating denotes expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings. Obligations rated BBB are deemed to be of good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.
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Fitch's ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, C, RD and D are considered below investment grade or speculative grade. Obligations rated BB are deemed to be speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments. Obligations rated B are deemed to be highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment. Obligations rated CCC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Obligations rated CC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. Obligations rated C indicate exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a 'C' category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of 'RD' or 'D' to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange. Obligations rated RD indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. Obligations rated D indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business. Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange. "Imminent" default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future. In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
Ratings of Municipal Obligations — Moody's ratings for short-term investment-grade municipal obligations are designated Municipal Investment Grade (MIG or VMIG in the case of variable rate demand obligations) and are divided into three levels — MIG/VMIG 1, MIG/VMIG 2 and MIG/VMIG 3. Factors used in determination of ratings include liquidity of the borrower and short-term cyclical elements. The MIG/VMIG 1 rating denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. The MIG/VMIG 2 rating denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group. The MIG/VMIG 3 rating denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. An SG rating denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Standard & Poor's uses SP-1, SP-2, and SP-3 to rate short-term municipal obligations. A rating of SP-1 denotes a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. A rating of SP-2 denotes a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. A rating of SP-3 denotes a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Ratings of Short-Term Obligations — Moody's short-term ratings, designated as P-1, P-2, P-3, or NP, are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations that generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months. The rating P-1 is the highest short-term rating assigned by Moody's and it denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-2 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-3 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term policyholder claims and obligations. The rating NP denotes an issuer (or supporting institutions) that does not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Standard & Poor's short-term ratings are generally assigned to obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days — including commercial paper. A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the "D" rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
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Fitch Ratings' short-term ratings have a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. A rating of F1 denotes an obligation of the highest credit quality. It indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and may have an added "+" to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature. A rating of F2 denotes good credit quality. It indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings. A rating of F3 denotes fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade. A rating of B denotes an obligation that is speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. A rating of C denotes a high default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. A rating of RD indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. A rating of D indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
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Statement of Additional Information
April 28, 2017
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American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
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This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated April 28, 2017 (the "Prospectus") for the American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund (the "Fund"), a series of American Beacon Funds, a Massachusetts business trust. Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 658-5811. You also may obtain copies of the Prospectus without charge by visiting the Fund's website at www.americanbeaconfunds.com. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Fund's Prospectus. In other words, it is legally a part of the Prospectus. This SAI is not a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the current Prospectus. Capitalized terms in this SAI have the same definition as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise defined.
The Fund's Annual Report to shareholders for the period ended December 31, 2016 and the financial statements and accompanying notes appearing therein are incorporated by reference in this SAI. Copies of the Fund's Annual Report may be obtained, without charge, upon request by calling (800) 658-5811 or visiting www.americanbeaconfunds.com.
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Additional Information About Investment Strategies and Risks |
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Additional Information Regarding Contingent Deferred Sales Charges |
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Appendix A: Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures for the Trust |
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ORGANIZATION AND HISTORY OF THE FUND
The Fund is a separate series of the American Beacon Funds (the "Trust"), an open- end management investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust on January 16, 1987. The Fund constitutes a separate investment portfolio with a distinct investment objective and distinct purpose and strategy. The Fund is non-diversified. The Fund is comprised of multiple classes of shares designed to meet the needs of different groups of investors. This SAI relates to the A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class and Investor Class shares of the Fund.
NON-DIVERSIFIED STATUS
The Fund is "non-diversified" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"), which means that the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in a more limited number of issuers than a diversified fund. An investment in the Fund may present greater risk to an investor than an investment in a diversified portfolio because changes in the financial condition or market assessment of a single issuer, or the effects of a single economic, political or regulatory event, may cause greater fluctuations in the value of its shares. Although the Fund is non-diversified under the Investment Company Act, it is subject to the diversification rules of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"), that apply to all "regulated investment companies" ("RICs"). These rules provide that, among the requirements to maintain the favorable tax treatment applicable to RICs, the Fund may not acquire a security if, as a result, with respect to 50% of the value of its total assets, more than 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets would be invested in the securities of a single issuer or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer would be held by the Fund. With respect to the remaining 50% of the value of its total assets, the Fund is limited to holding no more than 25% of its total asset value in the securities of any one issuer, the securities of any two or more issuers that the Fund controls (by owning 20% or more of their voting power) and that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. These limits apply only as of the end of each quarter of the Fund's taxable (fiscal) year and do not apply to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or by other RICs.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The investment objective and principal investment strategies and risks of the Fund are described in the Prospectus. This section contains additional information about the Fund's investment policies and risks and types of investments the Fund may purchase. The composition of the Fund's portfolio and the strategies that the Fund may use in selecting investments may vary over time. The Fund is not required to use all of the investment strategies described below in pursuing its investment objective. It may use some of the investment strategies only at some times or it may not use them at all.
Arbitrage Strategies — The Fund may use a variety of arbitrage strategies in pursuing its investment strategy. The underlying relationships among securities in which the Fund takes long and short positions may change in an adverse manner, or may not change in the manner expected by the sub-advisor, in either case the Fund may realize losses. The expected gain on an individual arbitrage investment is normally considerably smaller than the possible loss should the positions be closed prematurely or fail to behave in the manner expected. The timing of each transaction is also important since the length of time that the Fund's capital must be committed to any given transaction will affect the rate of return realized by the Fund, and unanticipated delays could cause the Fund to lose money or not achieve the desired rate of return.
One arbitrage strategy that the sub-advisor may employ is equity arbitrage. The Fund's equity arbitrage strategy will be composed of various types of arbitrage opportunities involving equity securities. One specific type of such opportunities is "merger arbitrage," which is a strategy that involves purchasing the shares of an announced acquisition target at a discount from the expected value of such shares upon completion of the acquisition while simultaneously selling short the securities of the acquiring company in anticipation of their depreciation. The potential profit, and whether such potential profit justifies the potential risk are functions of numerous factors affecting the riskiness and timing of the acquisition. Such factors include the status of the negotiations between the two companies (for example, spreads typically narrow as the parties advance from an agreement in principle to a definitive agreement), the complexity of the transaction, the number of regulatory approvals required, the likelihood of government intervention on antitrust or other grounds, the type of consideration to be received and the possibility of competing offers for the target company.
Cash Management Investments — The Fund may invest cash balances in money market funds that are registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended ("1940 Act"), including money market funds that are advised by the Manager. If the Fund invests in money market funds, shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including, for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which the Fund invests, such as advisory fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager. Shareholders also would be exposed to the risks associated with money market funds and the portfolio investments of such money market funds, including that a money market fund's yield will be lower than the return that the Fund would have derived from other investments that would provide liquidity.
To gain market exposure on cash balances or reduce market exposure in anticipation of liquidity needs, the Fund also may purchase and sell futures contracts on a daily basis. A futures contract is a contract to purchase or sell a particular security, or the cash value of an index, at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. Under such contracts, no delivery of the actual securities is required. Rather, upon the expiration of the contract, settlement is made by exchanging cash in an amount equal to the difference between the contract price and the closing price of a security or index at expiration, net of the variation margin that was previously paid. As cash balances are invested in securities, the Fund may invest simultaneously those balances in futures contracts until the cash balances are delivered to settle the securities transactions. Because the Fund will have market exposure simultaneously in both the invested securities and futures contracts, the Fund may have more than 100% of its assets exposed to the markets. This can magnify gains and losses in the Fund. The Fund also may have to sell assets at inopportune times to satisfy its settlement or collateral obligations. The risks associated with the use of futures contracts also include that there may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the prices of futures contracts and that there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract.
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Commodity Instruments — Exposure to physical commodities may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of such investments may be affected by overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as supply and demand, drought, floods, weather, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments. Their value may also respond to investor perception of instability in the national or international economy, whether or not justified by the facts. However, these investments may help to moderate fluctuations in the value of the Fund's other holdings, because these investments may not correlate with investments in traditional securities. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for commodities, which may reduce market prices and cause the value of the Fund's shares to fall. No active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments, which may impair the ability of the Fund to sell or realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. Certain commodities are subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks and result in greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Because physical commodities do not generate investment income, the return on such investments will be derived solely from the appreciation or depreciation on such investments. Certain types of commodities instruments (such as commodity-linked swaps and commodity-linked structured notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.
The Fund will not qualify as a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code") ("RIC") in any taxable year in which more than 10% of its annual gross income consists of certain "non-qualifying" income, which includes gains resulting from selling physical commodities (or options or futures contracts thereon unless the gain is realized from certain hedging transactions) and certain other non-passive income. See the section entitled "Additional Tax Information." The Fund's investment in securities backed by, or in non-corporate entities that invest in, physical commodities, other than shares of a wholly-owned subsidiary, generally would produce income that would be subject to this 10% limitation. To remain within this limitation, the Fund may hold such an investment or sell it at a loss, or sell other investments, when for investment reasons it would not otherwise do so. The availability of such measures does not guarantee that the Fund would be able to satisfy the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code to continue to qualify as a RIC.
Common Stock — Common stock generally takes the form of shares in a corporation which represent an ownership interest. It ranks below preferred stock and debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the company in a liquidation or bankruptcy. The value of a company's common stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or decreased demand for the company's products or services. A stock's value may also decline because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or sector. The price of a company's stock may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company, such as changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates or industry regulation. Companies that elect to pay dividends on their common stock generally only do so after they invest in their own business and make required payments to bondholders and on other debt and preferred stock. Therefore, the value of a company's common stock will usually be more volatile than its bonds, other debt and preferred stock. Common stock may be exchange-traded or over-the-counter ("OTC"). OTC stock may be less liquid than exchange-traded stock.
Convertible Securities — Convertible securities include corporate bonds, notes, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer's common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. Holders of convertible securities have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders, but may be subordinated to holders of similar non-convertible securities of the same issuer. Because of the conversion feature, certain convertible securities may be considered equity equivalents.
Corporate Actions — From time to time, the Fund may voluntarily participate in corporate actions (for example, rights offerings, conversion privileges, exchange offers, credit event settlements, etc.) where the issuer or counterparty offers securities or instruments to holders or counterparties, such as the Fund, and the acquisition is determined to be beneficial to Fund shareholders ("Voluntary Action"). Notwithstanding any percentage investment limitation listed under the "Investment Restrictions" section or any percentage investment limitation of the Investment Company Act or rules thereunder, if the Fund has the opportunity to acquire a permitted security or instrument through a Voluntary Action, and by doing so, the Fund would exceed a percentage investment limitation following the acquisition, it will not constitute a violation if, prior to the receipt of the securities or instruments and after announcement of the corporate action, the Fund sells an offsetting amount of assets that are subject to the investment limitation in question at least equal to the value of the securities or instruments to be acquired.
Cover and Asset Segregation — The Fund may make investments or employ trading practices that obligate the Fund, on a fixed or contingent basis, to deliver an asset or make a cash payment to another party in the future. The Fund will comply with guidance from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") with respect to coverage of certain investments and trading practices. This guidance requires segregation (which may include earmarking) by the Fund of cash or liquid assets with its custodian or a designated sub-custodian to the extent the Fund's obligations with respect to these strategies are not otherwise "covered" through ownership of the underlying security or financial instrument or by offsetting portfolio positions.
For example, if the Fund enters into a currency forward contract to sell foreign currency on a future date, the Fund may cover its obligation to deliver the foreign currency by segregating cash or liquid assets having a value at least equal to the value of the deliverable currency on a marked to market basis. Alternatively, the Fund could cover its obligation by entering into an offsetting transaction to acquire, on or before the date such foreign currency must be delivered, an amount of foreign currency at least equal to the deliverable amount at a price at or below the sale price to be received by the Fund under the currency forward contract.
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The Fund's approach to asset coverage may vary among different types of transactions. For example, if the Fund's forward obligation on the transaction is only to make a cash payment equal to the amount, if any, by which the value of the Fund's position is less than that of its counterparty, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid assets equal to that difference calculated on a daily marked-to-market basis (a "net amount"). Additionally, if the Fund is a protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, usually will segregate assets equal to the full notional value of the swap. If the Fund is protection buyer in a credit default swap, depending on how the credit default swap is settled, it usually will cover the total amount of required premium payments plus the prepayment penalty.
Inasmuch as the Fund covers its obligations under these transactions as described above, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager") and the Fund believe such obligations do not constitute senior securities. Earmarking or otherwise segregating a large percentage of the Fund's assets could impede the sub-advisor's ability to manage the Fund's portfolio.
With respect to certain investments, the Fund calculates the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a "net basis" (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Under such circumstances, the Fund's current obligations will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid by the Fund based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the "net amount").
Currencies Risk — The Fund may have significant exposure to foreign currencies for investment or hedging purposes by making direct investments in non- U.S. currencies or in securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, purchasing or selling forward currency contracts in non-U.S. or emerging markets currencies, non-U.S. currency futures contracts, options on non-U.S. currencies and non-U.S. currency futures and swaps for cross-currency investments.
Foreign currencies will fluctuate in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund's investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.
Cyber-Security Risk — With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund or the sub-advisor, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, result in the loss or theft of customer data or funds, impact the Fund's ability to calculate its net asset value ("NAV"), cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. A cyber-attack may also result in customers or employees being unable to access electronic systems ("denial of services"), loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or network system, or remediation costs associated with system repairs. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber-security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber-security risks are also present for issues or securities in which the Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund's investment in such companies to lose value.
Any of these results could have a substantial adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders. For example, if a cyber-security incident results in a denial of service, Fund shareholders could lose access to their electronic accounts and be unable to buy or sell Fund shares for an unknown period of time, and employees could be unable to access electronic systems to perform critical duties for the Fund, such as trading, NAV calculation, shareholder accounting or fulfillment of Fund share purchases and redemptions. Cyber-security incidents could cause the Fund or Fund service provider to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures, or financial loss of a significant magnitude and could result in allegations that the Fund or Fund service provider violated privacy and other laws. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber-security incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions and other parties. Although the Fund, its Manager, and the sub-advisor endeavor to determine that service providers have established risk management systems that seek to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity, and business continuity plans in the event there is a cyber-security breach, there are inherent limitations in these systems and plans, including the possibility that certain risks may not have been identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. Furthermore, the Fund does not control the cyber-security systems and plans of the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests or the Fund's third party service providers or trading counterparties or any other service providers whose operations may affect the Fund or its shareholders.
Depositary Receipts — American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), Non-Voting Depositary Receipts (NVDRs) — ADRs are depositary receipts for foreign issuers in registered form traded in U.S. securities markets. EDRs are in bearer form and traded in European securities markets. GDRs are in bearer form and traded in both the U.S. and European securities markets. NVDRs represent financial interests in an issuer but the holder is not entitled to any voting rights. Depositary receipts may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Investing in depositary receipts entails substantially the same risks as direct investment in foreign securities. There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies and there may be less governmental regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies. In addition, such companies may use different accounting and financial standards (and certain currencies may become unavailable for transfer from a foreign currency), resulting in the Fund's possible inability to convert immediately into U.S. currency proceeds realized upon the sale of portfolio securities of the affected foreign companies. In addition, the Fund may invest in unsponsored depositary receipts, the issuers of which are not obligated to disclose material information about the underlying securities to investors in the United States. Ownership of unsponsored depositary receipts may not entitle the Fund to the same benefits and rights as ownership of a sponsored depositary receipt or the underlying security. Please see "Foreign Securities" below for a description of the risks associated with investments in foreign securities.
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Derivatives — Generally a derivative is a financial arrangement, the value of which is based on, or "derived" from, a traditional security, asset, currency, or market index. Some "derivatives" such as mortgage-related and other asset backed securities are in many respects like any other investment, although they may be more volatile or less liquid than more traditional securities. There are, in fact, many different types of derivatives and many different ways to use them. The value of certain derivative securities is linked to other equity securities (such as depositary receipts), currencies, interest rates, indices or other financial indicators (reference assets).
The Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, including among others, options (including non-deliverable options), futures and options thereon, forward currency and other forwards (including non-deliverable forwards), forwards for currency hedges, warrants, structured products (including credit-linked and structured notes), interest rate caps, floors, collars, reverse collars, total return swaps, and credit default swaps. The enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") resulted in historic and comprehensive reform relating to derivatives, including the manner in which they are entered into, reported, recorded, executed, and settled or cleared. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") have promulgated a broad range of new regulations with respect to security-based swaps (e.g., derivatives based on a single security or narrow-based securities index), which are regulated by the SEC, and other swaps, which are regulated by the CFTC and the markets in which these instruments trade.
Prior to 2012, advisers of registered investment companies, like the Fund, that trade commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, non-deliverable forwards and swaps), were excluded from regulation as commodity pool operators ("CPOs") pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5. In 2012, the CFTC amended Regulation 4.5 to dramatically narrow this exclusion. Under the amended Regulation 4.5 exclusion, in order to rely on the exclusion the Fund's commodity interests – other than those used for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC) – must be limited such that the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the positions (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options are "in-the-money" at the time of purchase) do not exceed 5% of the Fund's total NAV, or alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of the positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, does not exceed 100% of the Fund's total NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). Further, to qualify for the exclusion in amended Regulation 4.5, the Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that the Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. The Fund's ability to use these instruments also may be limited by tax considerations. See the section entitled "Tax Information."
The Manager has filed a notice claiming the CFTC Regulation 4.5 exclusion from CPO registration, with respect to the Fund.
Derivatives may involve significant risk. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the Fund's initial investment. Not all derivative transactions require a counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty.
Derivatives may be illiquid and may be more volatile than other types of investments. The Fund may buy and sell derivatives that are neither centrally cleared nor traded on an exchange. Such derivatives may be subject to heightened counterparty, liquidity and valuation risk.
Transactions in derivatives may expose the Fund to an obligation to another party and, as a result, the Fund may need to "cover" the obligation or segregate liquid assets in compliance with SEC guidelines, as discussed above under "Cover and Asset Segregation."
Exchange-Traded Notes
The Fund may invest in ETNs. ETNs are debt obligations that are traded on exchanges and the returns of which are linked to
the performance of market indexes. In addition to trading ETNs on exchanges, investors may redeem ETNs directly with the issuer
on a weekly basis, typically in a minimum amount of 50,000 units, or hold the ETNs until maturity. ETNs may be riskier than
ordinary debt securities and may have no principal protection. The Fund's investment in an ETN may be influenced by many unpredictable
factors, including highly volatile commodities prices, changes in supply and demand relationships, weather, agriculture, trade,
changes in interest rates, and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. Investing in ETNs is not equivalent
to investing directly in index components or the relevant index itself. Because ETNs are debt securities, they possess credit
risk; if the issuer has financial difficulties or goes bankrupt, the investor may not receive the return it was promised.
Because ETNs are unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities, an investment in an ETN exposes the Fund to the risk that an ETN's
issuer may be unable to repay the note upon maturity. As a result, the value of the ETN may decline, including to zero. In
addition, as with investments in ETFs and investment companies, the Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees and
expenses of the ETN, which may cause the Fund's operating expenses to be higher and its performance to be lower than it would
if it invested directly in the securities of the index or other reference assets of the ETN. There may be times when an ETN
share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark. The Fund's decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited
by the availability of a liquid market. If the Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the market for such ETN
is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount.
Expense Risk — Fund expenses are subject to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in the Fund's net assets. Accordingly, actual expenses may be greater or less than those indicated. For example, to the extent that the Fund's net assets decrease due to market declines or redemptions, the Fund's expenses will increase as a percentage of Fund net assets. During periods of high market volatility, these increases in the Fund's expense ratio could be significant.
Floaters and Inverse Floaters — The Fund may invest in floaters and inverse floaters, which are fixed income securities with a floating or variable rate of interest, i.e., the rate of interest varies with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, or at specified intervals. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically. Because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, but the Fund will participate in any declines in interest rates as well. Certain floaters may carry a demand feature that permits the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the underlying instrument, or to a third party, at par value prior to maturity. When the demand feature of certain floaters represents an obligation of a foreign entity, the demand feature will be subject to certain risks discussed under "Foreign Securities." In addition, the Fund may invest in inverse floating rate obligations, which are fixed income securities that have coupon rates that vary inversely at a multiple of a designated floating rate, such as London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). Any rise in the reference rate of an inverse
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floater (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate while any drop in the reference rate of an inverse floater causes an increase in the coupon rate. Inverse floaters may exhibit substantially greater price volatility than fixed rate obligations having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity, and inverse floater collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") exhibit greater price volatility than the majority of mortgage-related securities. In addition, some inverse floater CMOs exhibit extreme sensitivity to changes in prepayments. As a result, the yield to maturity of an inverse floater CMO is sensitive not only to changes in interest rates but also to changes in prepayment rates on the related underlying mortgage assets.
Foreign Securities — The Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated and non-U.S. dollar denominated equity and debt securities of foreign issuers and foreign branches of U.S banks, including negotiable CDs, bankers acceptances, and commercial paper. Foreign issuers are issuers organized and doing business principally outside the United States and include corporations, banks, non-U.S. governments, and quasi-governmental organizations. While investments in foreign securities may be intended to reduce risk by providing further diversification, such investments involve sovereign and other risks, in addition to the credit and market risks normally associated with domestic securities. These additional risks include the possibility of adverse political and economic developments (including political or social instability, nationalization, expropriation, or confiscatory taxation); the potentially adverse effects of unavailability of public information regarding issuers, different governmental supervision and regulation of financial markets, reduced liquidity of certain financial markets, and the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards or the application of standards that are different or less stringent than those applied in the United States; different laws and customs governing securities tracking; and possibly limited access to the courts to enforce the Fund's rights as an investor.
Investing in foreign currency denominated securities involves the special risks associated with investing in non-U.S. issuers, as described in the preceding paragraph, and the additional risks of (1) adverse changes in foreign exchange rates and (2) adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which could prevent cash from being brought back to the United States). Additionally, dividends and interest payable on foreign securities (and gains realized on disposition thereof) may be subject to foreign taxes, including taxes withheld from those payments.
Commissions on foreign securities exchanges are often at fixed rates and are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the sub-advisor endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on portfolio transactions.
Foreign securities may trade with less frequency and in less volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater or lower price volatility. Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include higher custodial fees than apply to domestic custody arrangements and transaction costs of foreign currency conversions.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures. In certain markets, there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of the Fund is not invested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.
Interest rates prevailing in other countries may affect the prices of foreign securities and exchange rates for foreign currencies. Local factors, including the strength of the local economy, the demand for borrowing, the government's fiscal and monetary policies, and the international balance of payments, often affect interest rates in other countries. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position.
Forward Contracts and Futures Contracts — The Fund may enter into forward and futures contracts. Forward and futures contracts including interest rate futures contracts and futures contracts on U.S. Treasury securities, obligate the purchaser to take delivery of, or cash settle, a specific amount of a commodity, security or obligation underlying the futures contract at a specified time in the future for a specified price. Likewise, the seller incurs an obligation to deliver the specified amount of the underlying obligation against receipt of the specified price. Futures are traded on both U.S. and foreign commodities exchanges. A forward is a private agreement between two parties and is not traded on an exchange. Futures contracts will be traded for the same purposes as entering into forward contracts. The purchase of futures can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures can serve as a short hedge.
No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract the Fund is required to deposit "initial margin" consisting of cash or U.S. Government Securities in an amount set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and varying based on the volatility of the underlying asset. Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to a Fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, the Fund may be required by a futures exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.
Subsequent "variation margin" payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as "marking-to-market." Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of the Fund's obligations to or from a futures broker. When the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.
Purchasers and sellers of futures contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Positions in futures contracts may be closed only on a futures exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. The Fund intends to enter into futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be a liquid market.
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However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract.
Although many futures contracts by their terms call for the actual delivery or acquisition of securities or currency, in most cases the contractual obligation is fulfilled before the date of the contract without having to make or take delivery of the securities or currency.
The offsetting of a contractual obligation is accomplished by buying (or selling, as appropriate) on a commodities exchange an identical futures contract calling for delivery in the same month. Such a transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the securities or currency. Since all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, the Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases or sells futures contracts.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract can vary from the previous day's settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If the Fund is unable to liquidate a futures contract due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the futures contract or option thereon or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of securities price or currency exchange rate trends by a sub-advisor may still not result in a successful transaction.
Futures contracts also entail other risks. Although the use of such contracts may benefit the Fund, if investment judgment about the general direction of, for example, an index is incorrect, the Fund's overall performance would be worse than if it had not entered into any such contract. There are differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives.
Forward Currency Contracts . The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts for a variety of reasons. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specified currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties at a price set at the time of the contract. Because forward currency contracts normally are settled through an exchange of currencies, they are traded in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
Forward currency contracts may serve as long hedges — for example, the Fund may purchase a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar price of a security denominated in a foreign currency. Forward currency contract transactions also may serve as short hedges — for example, the Fund may sell a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security or from a dividend or interest payment on a security denominated in a foreign currency.
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts to sell a foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. In addition, the Fund may use forward currency contracts when a sub-advisor wishes to "lock in" the U.S. dollar price of a security when the Fund is purchasing or selling a security denominated in a foreign currency or anticipates receiving a dividend or interest payment denominated in a foreign currency.
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts for the purchase or sale of a specified currency at a specified future date either with respect to specific transactions or with respect to portfolio positions in order to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies.
The Fund may use forward currency contracts to seek to hedge against, or profit from, changes in the value of a particular currency by using forward currency contracts on another foreign currency or a basket of currencies, the value of which the applicable sub-advisor believes will have a positive correlation to the values of the currency being hedged. When hedging, use of a different foreign currency magnifies the risk that movements in the price of the forward contract will not correlate or will correlate unfavorably with the foreign currency being hedged.
In addition, the Fund may use forward currency contracts to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. For example, if the Fund owned securities denominated in a foreign currency that a sub-advisor believed would decline relative to another currency, it might enter into a forward currency contract to sell an appropriate amount of the first foreign currency, with payment to be made in the second currency. Transactions that involve two foreign currencies are sometimes referred to as "cross hedging." Use of a different foreign currency magnifies the Fund's exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
The cost to the Fund of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts usually are entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. When the Fund enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
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Sellers or purchasers of forward currency contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions on futures, by purchasing or selling, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument sold or bought, respectively. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, however, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out a forward currency contract at any time prior to maturity. In either event, the Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position, and would continue to be required to maintain cash or a liquid position sufficient to cover the Fund's obligations with respect to the forward currency contract.
The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of securities, whose U.S. dollar value is being hedged by those contracts involved, generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the foreign currency, will change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, the Fund might need to purchase or sell foreign currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such foreign currencies are not covered by forward contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
The Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a forward currency contract in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a counterparty. If such a default occurs, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the forward currency contract, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Fund's rights as a creditor.
Index Futures Contracts and Options on Index Futures Contracts — The Fund may invest in index futures contracts for investment purposes, including futures contracts on equity indices, for investment, hedging, or short-term cash management purposes. Like other futures contracts, index futures contracts are derivatives. For a further discussion of the risks of derivatives instruments, see "Derivatives."
Index Futures Contracts . U.S. futures contracts traded on exchanges that have been designated "contract markets" by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant, or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant contract market. Index futures contracts are traded on a number of exchanges and are generally cash settled.
At the same time a futures contract on an index is purchased or sold, the Fund must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment ("initial deposit") based on the contract's face value. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued and the payment of "variation margin" may be required.
Options on Index Futures Contracts . The purchase of or selling (writing) of options on an index futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase or selling (writing) of options on such an index.
The Fund may write a call option on an index futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which, if used to hedge, provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the value of the Fund's holdings. If, however, the price of the futures at expiration is above the option exercise price, the Fund generally will be required to make a settlement payment equivalent to the difference in the strike price of the option and the price of the applicable futures contract at expiration multiplied by any applicable multiplier. In addition, if the futures contract underlying the option does not have the same delivery date as the option's expiration date, the Fund will be assigned a short position in the relevant futures contract. The writing of a put option on an index futures contract works in a similar manner and may constitute a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities underlying the index. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, the option will expire and the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which could provide a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss that will be reduced by the amount of the premium it receives. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its futures positions, the Fund's losses or gains from existing options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract with respect to an index is similar in some respects to the purchase of protective put options on the Index. For example, the Fund may purchase a put option on an index futures contract to hedge against the risk of lowering securities values.
The amount of risk the Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract with respect to an index is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of such an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.
Options on Securities Indices . The Fund may purchase and write (sell) put and call options on securities indices. A securities index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Options on securities indices generally are similar to options on securities except that the delivery requirements are different. Instead of giving the right to take or make delivery of securities at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive a cash "exercise settlement amount" equal to (a) the amount, if any, by which the fixed exercise price of the option exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the closing value of the underlying index on the date of exercise, multiplied by (b) a fixed "index multiplier." The writer of the option is obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount. The writer may offset its position in stock index options prior to expiration by entering into a closing transaction on an exchange or the option may expire unexercised.
The Fund may write (sell) call and put options to a limited extent on an index in an attempt to increase income.
By writing a call option, the Fund forgoes, in exchange for the premium less the commission ("net premium"), the opportunity to profit during the option period from an increase in the market value of an index above the exercise price. By writing a put option, the Fund, in exchange for the net premium received, accepts the risk of a decline in the market value of the index below the exercise price.
The Fund may terminate its obligation as the writer of a call or put option by purchasing an option with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option previously written.
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When the Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium received by the Fund is included in the liability section of the Fund's Statement of Assets and Liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of the deferred credit will be subsequently marked to market to reflect the current market value of the option written, which , is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the mean between the closing bid and asked price. If an option expires unexercised on its stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, the Fund will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the premium received when the option was sold), and the deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated.
The hours of trading for options on an index may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or continue.
Options on securities indices require settlement in cash. Therefore, the sub-advisor may be forced to liquidate portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations. Because the value of an index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss from the purchase or writing of options on an index depends upon movements in the level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in the price of a particular stock.
Initial Public Offerings — The Fund can invest in initial public offerings ("IPOs"). By definition, securities issued in IPOs have not traded publicly until the time of their offerings. Special risks associated with IPOs may include, among others, the fact that there may only be a limited number of shares available for trading. The market for those securities may be unseasoned. The issuer may have a limited operating history. These factors may contribute to price volatility. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may also make it more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. In addition, some companies initially offering their shares publicly are involved in relatively new industries or lines of business, which may not be widely understood by investors. Some of the companies involved in new industries may be regarded as developmental state companies, without revenues or operating income, or the near-term prospects of them. Many IPOs are by small- or micro-cap companies that are undercapitalized.
Interfund Lending — Pursuant to an order issued by the SEC, each series of the Trust (each an "American Beacon Fund" or "Fund", and together, the "American Beacon Funds" or "Funds") may participate in a credit facility whereby each American Beacon Fund, under certain conditions, is permitted to lend money directly to and borrow directly from other American Beacon Funds for temporary purposes. The credit facility is administered by a credit facility team consisting of professionals from the Manager's asset management, compliance, and accounting areas who report on credit facility activities to the Board. The credit facility can provide a borrowing Fund with savings at times when its cash position is insufficient to meet temporary cash requirements. This situation could arise when shareholder redemptions exceed anticipated volumes and certain Funds have insufficient cash on hand to satisfy such redemptions or when sales of securities do not settle as expected, resulting in a cash shortfall for a fund. When the Funds liquidate portfolio securities to meet redemption requests, they often do not receive payment in settlement for up to three days (or longer for certain foreign transactions). However, redemption requests normally are satisfied immediately. The credit facility provides a source of immediate, short-term liquidity pending settlement of the sale of portfolio securities. Although the credit facility may reduce the Fund's need to borrow from banks, the Fund remains free to establish lines of credit or other borrowing arrangements with banks.
Investment Grade Securities — Investment grade securities that the Fund may purchase, either as part of its principal investment strategy or to implement its temporary defensive policy, include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, as well as securities rated in one of the four highest rating categories by at least two rating organizations rating that security (such as Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Fitch, Inc. or Moody's Investors Service, Inc.) or rated in one of the four highest rating categories by one rating organization if it is the only organization rating that security. The Fund, at the discretion of the Manager or the applicable sub-advisor, may retain a security that has been downgraded below the initial investment criteria. Please see "Appendix C Ratings Definitions" for an explanation of rating categories.
Issuer Risk — The value of an investment may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's goods or services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk — The securities of large market capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because such companies may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and may be unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.
Market Events — Turbulence in the economic, political and financial system has historically resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the capital markets. Both domestic and foreign capital markets have been experiencing increased volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected, and it is uncertain whether or for how long these conditions could continue.
Reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. This reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in small or emerging market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their security prices. These events and possible continued market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund.
Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk — Investing in the securities of mid-capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price volatility than investing in more established companies with larger capitalization. Since mid-capitalization companies may have limited operating history, product lines and financial resources, the securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity and can be sensitive to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
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Mortgage-Backed and Mortgage-Related Securities — Mortgage-backed securities consist of both collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage pass-through certificates.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities ("CMBS") . CMBS are generally multi-class or pass-through securities backed by a mortgage loan or a pool of mortgage loans secured by commercial property, such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls, multifamily properties and cooperative apartments. The commercial mortgage loans that underlie CMBS are generally not amortizing or not fully amortizing. That is, at their maturity date, repayment of the remaining principal balance or "balloon" is due and is repaid through the attainment of an additional loan or sale of the property.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs") . CMOs and interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits ("REMICs") are debt securities collateralized by mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities. CMOs divide the cash flow generated from the underlying mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities into different groups referred to as "tranches," which are then retired sequentially over time in order of priority. The principal governmental issuers of such securities are the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), a government sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), a corporate instrumentality of the United States created pursuant to an act of Congress that is owned entirely by the Federal Home Loan Banks. The issuers of CMOs are structured as trusts or corporations established for the purpose of issuing such CMOs and often have no assets other than those underlying the securities and any credit support provided. A REMIC is a mortgage securities vehicle that holds residential or commercial mortgages and issues securities representing interests in those mortgages. A REMIC may be formed as a corporation, partnership, or segregated pool of assets. A REMIC itself is generally exempt from federal income tax, but the income from its mortgages is taxable to its investors. For investment purposes, interests in REMIC securities are virtually indistinguishable from CMOs.
The principal and interest on the underlying collateral may be allocated among the several tranches of a CMO in innumerable ways including "interest only," "principal only" (see Interest-Only and Principal-Only Mortgage-Backed Securities section) and "inverse interest only" tranches. An inverse interest-only class CMO entitles holders to receive no payments of principal and to receive interest at a rate that will vary inversely with a specified index or a multiple thereof. Under certain of these newer structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which a Fund invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-backed securities. Interest rates on inverse floaters will decrease when short-term rates increase, and will increase when short-term rates decrease. In response to changes in market interest rates or other market conditions, the value of an inverse floater may increase or decrease at a multiple of the increase or decrease in the value of the underlying securities. If a Fund invests in inverse floater tranches (including CMO tranches issued by government agencies) and interest rates move in a manner not anticipated, it is possible that a Fund could lose all or substantially all of its investment.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities . Mortgage pass-through securities are securities representing interests in "pools" of mortgages in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are generally made monthly, in effect "passing through" monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the residential mortgage loans that underlie the securities (net of fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities). They are issued by governmental, government-related and private organizations which are backed by pools of mortgage loans.
Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage pass-through securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, as in the case of securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, as in the case of securities guaranteed by the FNMA or the FHLMC, which are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's obligations.
There are a number of important differences among the agencies, instrumentalities and government-sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Such agencies and securities include:
(1) GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates ("Ginnie Maes") — GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Maes represent an undivided interest in a pool of mortgages that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or the Farmers Home Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. Ginnie Maes entitle the holder to receive all payments (including prepayments) of principal and interest owed by the individual mortgagors, net of fees paid to GNMA and to the issuer which assembles the mortgage pool and passes through the monthly mortgage payments to the certificate holders (typically, a mortgage banking firm), regardless of whether the individual mortgagor actually makes the payment. Because payments are made to certificate holders regardless of whether payments are actually received on the underlying mortgages, Ginnie Maes are of the "modified pass-through" mortgage certificate type. The GNMA is authorized to guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest on the Ginnie Maes. The GNMA guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, and the GNMA has unlimited authority to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under the guarantee. The market for Ginnie Maes is highly liquid because of the size of the market and the active participation in the secondary market of security dealers and a variety of investors.
(2) FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates ("Freddie Macs") — Freddie Macs represent interests in groups of specified first lien residential conventional mortgages underwritten and owned by the FHLMC. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by the FHLMC. The FHLMC guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. In cases where the FHLMC has not guaranteed timely payment of principal, the FHLMC may remit the amount due because of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable. Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the United States or by any of the Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Please see "Additional Information Regarding Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae" below for further information.
(3) FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates ("Fannie Maes") — Fannie Maes represent an undivided interest in a pool of conventional mortgage loans secured by first mortgages or deeds of trust, on one family or two to four family, residential properties. The FNMA is obligated to
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distribute scheduled monthly installments of principal and interest on the mortgages in the pool, whether or not received, plus full principal of any foreclosed or otherwise liquidated mortgages. The obligation of the FNMA under its guarantee is solely its obligation and is not backed by, nor entitled to, the full faith and credit of the United States. Please see "Additional Information Regarding" Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae below for further information.
In September 2008, the Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed in conservatorship. Since that time, FNMA and FHLMC have received significant capital support through Treasury preferred stock purchases, as well as Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage -backed securities. The FHFA and the U.S. Treasury (through its agreement to purchase FNMA and FHLMC preferred stock) have imposed strict limits on the size of their mortgage portfolios. While the mortgage-backed securities purchase programs ended in 2010, the Treasury continued its support for the entities' capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth through at least 2012. When a credit rating agency downgraded long-term U.S. Government debt in August 2011, the agency also downgraded FNMA and FHLMC's bond ratings, from AAA to AA+, based on their direct reliance on the U.S. Government (although that rating did not directly relate to their mortgage-backed securities). From the end of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2016, FNMA and FHLMC required Treasury support of approximately $187.5 billion through draws under the preferred stock purchase agreements. However, including payments after the fourth quarter of 2016, FNMA and FHLMC have paid approximately $265.8 billion in aggregate cash dividends to the Treasury (although those payments do not constitute a repayment under their draws). The FHFA has stated that FNMA and FHLMC may need an injection of Treasury capital in the future. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Federal Reserve or the Treasury will ensure that FNMA and FHLMC remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities that they issue.
In addition, the problems faced by FNMA and FHLMC, resulting in their being placed into federal conservatorship and receiving significant U.S. Government support, have sparked serious debate among federal policymakers regarding the continued role of the U.S. Government in providing liquidity for mortgage loans. In December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 which, among other provisions, requires that FNMA and FHLMC increase their single-family guaranty fees by at least 10 basis points and remit this increase to the Treasury with respect to all loans acquired by FNMA or FHLMC on or after April 1, 2012 and before January 1, 2022. Serious discussions among policymakers continue, however, as to whether FNMA and FHLMC should be nationalized, privatized, restructured or eliminated altogether. FNMA reported in the second quarter of 2014 that there was "significant uncertainty regarding the future of our company, including how long the company will continue to exist in its current form, the extent of our role in the market, what form we will have, and what ownership interest, if any, our current common and preferred stockholders will hold in us after the conservatorship is terminated and whether we will continue to exist following conservatorship." FHLMC faces similar uncertainty about its future role. FNMA and FHLMC also are the subject of several continuing legal actions and investigations over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may continue to have an adverse effect on the guaranteeing entities.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities . Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities ("SMBS"). Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
CMO Residuals . CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-payments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only ("IO") class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. See "Other Mortgage-Related Securities-Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities." In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the Securities Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the Securities Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed "illiquid" and subject to the Fund's limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
Interest-Only and Principal-Only Mortgage-Backed Securities . Stripped mortgage-backed securities ("SMBS") are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government and private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the "IO" class), while the other class will receive the entire principal (the principal-only or "PO" class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including pre-payments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material
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adverse effect on a Fund's yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated pre-payments of principal, a Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Interest only instruments generally increase in value in a rising interest rate environment, which typically results in a slower rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages and extends the period during which interest payments are required to be made on the IO security. Interest only securities are subject to prepayment risk, which is the risk that prepayments will accelerate in a declining interest rate environment and will reduce the number of remaining interest payments even though there is no default on the underlying mortgages. Principal only instruments generally increase in value in a declining interest rate environment, which typically results in a faster rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Since a PO security is usually purchased at a discount, faster prepayments result in a higher rate of return when the face value of the security is paid back sooner than expected. Principal only securities are subject to extension risk, which is the risk that a rising interest rate environment will result in a slower rate of prepayments and will delay the final payment date.
Options — The Fund may purchase and sell put options and call options on securities and foreign currencies in standardized contracts traded on recognized securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, or quoted on the NASDAQ National Market System. For a further description, see "Cover and Asset Segregation."
An option is a contract that gives the purchaser (holder) of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (call) or sell to (put) the seller (writer) of the option the security or currency underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option (normally not exceeding nine months). The writer of an option has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver, or pay the value of, the underlying security or currency upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security or currency.
By writing a covered call option, the Fund forgoes, in exchange for the premium less the commission ("net premium"), the opportunity to profit during the option period from an increase in the market value of the underlying security or currency above the exercise price. By writing a put option, the Fund, in exchange for the net premium received, accepts the risk of a decline in the market value of the underlying security or currency below the exercise price.
The Fund may terminate its obligation as the writer of a call or put option by purchasing an option with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option previously written.
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or continue.
Other Investment Company Securities and Exchange Traded Products — The Fund at times may invest in shares of other investment companies and exchange-traded products, including open-end funds, closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), exchange-traded notes ("ETNs"), and unit investment trusts. The Fund may invest in investment company securities advised by the Manager. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund's proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund's own operations. These other fees and expenses are reflected as Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses and are included in the Fees and Expenses Table for the Fund in its Prospectus, if applicable. Investment in other investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above the value of such issuer's portfolio securities.
The Fund can invest free cash balances in registered open-end investment companies regulated as money market funds under the Investment Company Act, to provide liquidity or for defensive purposes. The Fund would invest in money market funds rather than purchasing individual short-term investments. If the Fund invests in money market funds shareholders will bear their proportionate share of the expenses, including for example, advisory and administrative fees, of the money market funds in which the Fund invests, including such fees charged by the Manager to any applicable money market funds advised by the Manager.
Although a money market fund is designed to be a relatively low risk investment, it is not free of risk. Despite the short maturities and high credit quality of a money market fund's instruments, increases in interest rates and deteriorations in the credit quality of the instruments the money market fund has purchased may reduce the money market fund's yield and can cause the price of a money market security to decrease. In addition, a money market fund is subject to the risk that the value of an investment may be eroded over time by inflation.
The Fund may purchase shares of ETFs. ETFs trade like a common stock and passive ETFs usually represent a fixed portfolio of securities designed to track the performance and dividend yield of a particular domestic or foreign market index. The Fund would purchase passive ETF shares for a variety of purposes, such as to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. As a shareholder of an ETF, the Fund would be subject to its ratable share of the ETF's expenses, including its advisory and administration expenses.
An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional mutual fund (i.e., one that is not exchange traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and the Fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down or if the market price of the ETF does not increase or decrease in the manner anticipated by the sub-advisor. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of the ETF's shares may trade at a discount or premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; or (3) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted if the listing exchange's officials deem such action appropriate, the shares are de-listed from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide "circuit breakers" (which are tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally. The Fund may also invest in ETNs, which are structured debt securities. Whereas ETFs' liabilities are secured by their portfolio securities, ETNs'
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liabilities are unsecured general obligations of the issuer. ETFs and ETNs have expenses associated with their operation, typically including, with respect to ETFs, advisory fees.
The Fund's investment in securities of other investment companies is generally limited to (i) 3% of the total voting stock of any one investment company, (ii) 5% of the Fund's total assets with respect to any one investment company and (iii) 10% of the Fund's total assets in all investment companies in the aggregate. However, the Fund may exceed these limits when investing in shares of an ETF or other investment company, subject to the terms and conditions of an exemptive order from the SEC obtained by the ETF or other investment company that permits an investing fund, such as the Fund, to invest in the ETF or other investment company in excess of the limits described above.
Preferred Stock — A preferred stock blends the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and its participation in the issuer's growth may be limited. Preferred stock generally has preference over common stock in the receipt of dividends and in any residual assets after payment to creditors should the issuer be dissolved. Although the dividend is set at a fixed or variable rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer. Preferred stocks are subject to the risks associated with other types of equity securities, as well as additional risks, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, potentially greater volatility and risks related to deferral, non-cumulative dividends, subordination, liquidity, limited voting rights, and special redemption rights.
Real Estate Related Investments — The Fund may gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked derivatives, real estate investment trusts ("REITs"), and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. Adverse economic, business or political developments affecting real estate could have a major effect on the value of the Fund's investments. Investing in securities issued by real estate and real estate-related companies may subject the Fund to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Changes in interest rates, debt leverage ratios, debt maturity schedules, and the availability of credit to real estate companies may also affect the value of the Fund's investment in real estate securities. Real estate securities are dependent upon specialized management skills at the operating company level, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of properties. Real estate securities are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers. The real estate industry tends to be cyclical. Such cycles may adversely affect the value of the Fund's portfolio. The Fund will indirectly bear a proportionate share of a REIT's ongoing operating fees and expense. In addition, tax qualified REITs are subject to the possibility of failing to (a) qualify for tax-free pass-through of distributed net income and net realized gains under the Internal Revenue Code, of 1986, as amended ("Internal Revenue Code") and (b) maintain exemption eligibility from the investment company registration requirements.
Rights and Warrants — Rights are short-term warrants issued in conjunction with new stock or bond issues. Warrants are options to purchase an issuer's securities at a stated price during a stated term. If the market price of the underlying common stock does not exceed the warrant's exercise price during the life of the warrant, the warrant will expire worthless. Warrants usually have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the value of a warrant may be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the value of the underlying common stock. Warrants may be purchased with values that vary depending on the change in value of one or more specified indices ("index warrants"). Index warrants are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the time of the exercise. The market for warrants or rights may be very limited and it may be difficult to sell them promptly at an acceptable price. There is no specific limit on the percentage of assets a Fund may invest in rights and warrants.
Short Sales — The Fund may sell a security that the Fund does not own, or in an amount greater than the Fund owns (i.e., make short sales). Generally, to complete a short sale transaction, the Fund or its broker will borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed. If the price at the time of replacement is more than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund, the Fund will incur a loss. Conversely, the Fund will realize a gain if the price of the security decreases between selling short and replacement. Although the Fund's gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay fees or any interest that accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale may be retained by the broker and the Fund will pledge additional collateral to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements until the short position is closed out. Until the Fund replaces the borrowed security, it will (a) maintain in a segregated account with its custodian cash or liquid securities at such a level that the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current market value of the security sold short or (b) otherwise cover its short position.
Small Capitalization Companies Risk — Investing in the securities of small capitalization companies involves greater risk and the possibility of greater price volatility than investing in larger capitalization and more established companies, since smaller companies may have limited operating history, product lines, and financial resources. The securities of these companies may lack sufficient market liquidity and they can be particularly sensitive to expected changes in interest rates, borrowing costs and earnings.
Swap Agreements — A swap is a transaction in which the Fund and a counterparty agree to pay or receive payments at specified dates based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (e.g., interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps) or the performance of specified securities or indices based on a specified amount (the "notional" amount). Nearly any type of derivative, including forward contracts, can be structured as a swap. See "Derivatives" for a further discussion of derivatives risks.
Swap agreements can be structured to provide exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. For example, in an interest rate swap, fixed-rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; in a currency swap, U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a foreign currency; and in a total return swap, payments tied to the investment return on a particular asset, group of assets or index may be exchanged for payments that are effectively equivalent to interest payments or for payments tied to the return on another asset, group of assets, or index. Swaps may have a leverage component, and adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate or index can result in gains or losses that are substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself.
Some swaps currently are, and more in the future will be, centrally cleared. Swaps that are centrally-cleared are exposed to the creditworthiness of the clearing organizations (and, consequently, that of their members—generally, banks and broker-dealers) involved in the transaction. For example, an
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investor could lose margin payments it has deposited with the clearing organization as well as the net amount of gains not yet paid by the clearing organization if it breaches its agreement with the investor or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy of the clearing organization, the investor may be able to recover only a portion of the net amount of gains on its transactions and of the margin owed to it, potentially resulting in losses to the investor.
Swaps that are not centrally cleared, involve the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. To mitigate this risk, the Fund will only enter into swap agreements with counterparties considered by a sub-advisor to present minimum risk of default and the Fund normally obtains collateral to secure its exposure. Changing conditions in a particular market area, whether or not directly related to the referenced assets that underlie the swap agreement, may have an adverse impact on the creditworthiness of a counterparty.
The centrally cleared and OTC swap agreements into which the Fund enters normally provide for the obligations of the Fund and its counterparty in the event of a default or other early termination to be determined on a net basis. Similarly, periodic payments on a swap transaction that are due by each party on the same day normally are netted. To the extent that a swap agreement is subject to netting, the Fund's cover and asset segregation responsibilities will normally be with respect to the net amount owed by the Fund. See "Cover and Asset Segregation" for additional discussion of these matters. However, the Fund may be required to segregate liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of certain swaps, such as written credit default swaps on physically settled forwards or written options. The amount that the Fund must segregate may be reduced by the value of any collateral that it has pledged to secure its own obligations under the swap.
The use of swap agreements requires special skills, knowledge and investment techniques that differ from those required for normal portfolio management. Swaps may be considered illiquid investments; see "Illiquid and Restricted Securities" for a description of liquidity risk.
Interest Rate and Inflation Swaps — In an interest rate swap, the parties exchange payments based on fixed or floating interest rates multiplied by a hypothetical or "notional" amount. For example, one party might agree to pay the other a specified fixed rate on the notional amount in exchange for recovering a floating rate on that notional amount. Interest rate swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and counterparty risk. There is a risk that based on movements of interest rates, the payments made under a swap agreement will be greater than the payments received.
The Fund may also invest in inflation swaps, where an inflation rate index is used in place of an interest rate index.
Caps, Floors and Collars — The Fund may also enter caps, floors and collars, which are types of interest rate swap agreements. The purchaser of an interest rate cap agrees to pay a premium to the seller in return for the seller paying interest on a specified principal amount to the purchaser based on the extent to which a specified interest rate exceeds a predetermined level. Conversely, the seller of an interest rate floor agrees to pay interest on a specified principal amount to the purchaser based on the extent to which a specified interest rate falls below a predetermined level. A collar combines a cap and selling a floor, establishing a predetermined range of interest rates within which each party agrees to make payments.
Total Return Swaps — In a total return swap transaction, one party agrees to pay the other party an amount equal to the total return on a defined underlying asset such as a security or basket of securities or on a referenced index during a specified period of time. In return, the other party would make periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or on the total return from a different underlying asset or index. Total return swap agreements may be used to gain exposure to price changes in an overall market or an asset. Total return swaps could result in losses if the underlying asset or index does not perform as anticipated. Written total return swaps can have the potential for unlimited losses.
Credit Default Swaps — In a credit default swap, one party (the seller) agrees to make a payment to the other party (the buyer) in the event that a "credit event," such as a default or issuer insolvency occurs with respect to one or more underlying or "reference" bonds or other debt securities. The Fund may be either a seller or a buyer of credit protection under a credit default swap. Credit default swaps may be on a single security, a basket of securities or on a securities index. The purchaser pays a fee during the life of the swap. If there is a credit event with respect to a referenced debt security, the seller under a credit default swap may be required to pay the buyer the par amount (or a specified percentage of the par amount) of that security in exchange for receiving the referenced security (or a specified alternative security) from the buyer. Alternatively, the credit default swap may be cash settled, meaning that the seller will pay the buyer the difference between the par value and the market value of the defaulted bonds. If the swap is on a basket of securities (such as the CDX indices), the notional amount of the swap is reduced by the par amount of the defaulted bond, and the fixed payments are then made on the reduced notional amount. Taking a long position in (i.e., acting as the seller under) a credit default swap increases the exposure to the specific issuers. The risks of being the buyer of credit default swaps include the cost of paying for credit protection if there are no credit events, pricing transparency when assessing the cost of a credit default swap, counterparty risk, and the need to fund any delivery obligation, particularly in the event of adverse pricing when purchasing bonds to satisfy a delivery obligation. Credit default swap buyers are also subject to counterparty risk since the ability of the seller to make required payments is dependent on its creditworthiness.
Currency Swaps — A currency swap involves the exchange of payments denominated in one currency for payments denominated in another. Payments are based on a notional principal amount, the value of which is fixed in exchange rate terms at the swap's inception. Currency swaps are subject to currency risk.
Volatility Swaps — A volatility swap is a forward contract under which the payments to be received are dependent on the future realized volatility of an underlying asset, such as a stock. A volatility swap involves exposure to volatility, not on whether the value of the underlying asset goes up or down. Volatility swaps can be used to speculate on future volatility or as a hedge against volatility. A volatility swap is subject to the risk that the future volatility of the underlying asset is higher or lower than the sub-advisor anticipated.
Correlation Swaps — A correlation swap is used to speculate on or hedge risks associated with the observed average correlation of a collection of underlying products.
Forward Swaps — A forward swap is created through the use of two swaps with different durations to meet the investment time period desired by the sub-advisor.
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Synthetic Convertible Securities — The sub-advisor to the Fund or third party may create a "synthetic" convertible security by combining fixed income securities with the right to acquire equity securities. More flexibility is possible in the assembly of a synthetic convertible security than in the purchase of a convertible security. Although synthetic convertible securities may be selected where the two components are issued by a single issuer, thus making the synthetic convertible security similar to a true convertible security, the character of a synthetic convertible security allows the combination of components representing more than one issuer, when the investment sub-advisor believes that such a combination would better achieve the Fund's investment objective. A synthetic convertible security also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately. For example, the Fund may purchase a warrant for inclusion in a synthetic convertible security but temporarily hold short-term investments while postponing the purchase of a corresponding bond pending development of more favorable market conditions.
The Fund faces the risk of a decline in the price of the security or the level of the index involved in the convertible component, causing a decline in the value of the call option or warrant purchased to create the synthetic convertible security. Should the price of the stock fall below the exercise price and remain there throughout the exercise period, the entire amount paid for the call option or warrant would be lost. Because a synthetic convertible security includes the fixed-income component as well, the Fund also faces the risk that interest rates will rise, causing a decline in the value of the fixed-income instrument.
The Fund may also purchase synthetic convertible securities manufactured by other parties, including convertible structured notes. Convertible structured notes are fixed income debentures linked to equity, and are typically issued by investment banks. Convertible structured notes have the attributes of a convertible security; however, the investment bank that issued the convertible note assumes the credit risk associated with the investment, rather than the issuer of the underlying common stock into which the note is convertible.
Trust Preferred Securities — The Fund may invest in trust preferred securities. Trust preferred securities have the characteristics of both subordinated debt and preferred stock. Generally, trust preferred securities are issued by a trust that is wholly-owned by a financial institution or other corporate entity, typically a bank holding company. The financial institution creates the trust and owns the trust's common securities. The trust uses the sale proceeds of its common securities to purchase subordinated debt issued by the financial institution. The financial institution uses the proceeds from the subordinated debt sale to increase its capital while the trust receives periodic interest payments from the financial institution for holding the subordinated debt. The trust uses the funds received to make dividend payments to the holders of the trust preferred securities. The primary advantage of this structure is that the trust preferred securities are treated by the financial institution as debt securities for tax purposes and as equity for the calculation of capital requirements.
Trust preferred securities typically bear a market rate coupon comparable to interest rates available on debt of a similarly rated issuer. Typical characteristics include long-term maturities, early redemption by the issuer, periodic fixed or variable interest payments, and maturities at face value. Holders of trust preferred securities have limited voting rights to control the activities of the trust and no voting rights with respect to the financial institution. The market value of trust preferred securities may be more volatile than those of conventional debt securities. Trust preferred securities may be issued in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and subject to restrictions on resale. There can be no assurance as to the liquidity of trust preferred securities and the ability of holders, such as the Fund, to sell their holdings.
U.S. Government Agency Securities — U.S. Government agency securities are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Some obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others by discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and others only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality. U.S. Government securities bear fixed, floating or variable rates of interest. While the U.S. Government currently provides financial support to certain U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so, since it is not so obligated by law. U.S. Government securities include U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, Federal Home Loan Bank obligations, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank obligations, U.S. Government agency obligations and repurchase agreements secured thereby. U.S. Government agency securities are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
U.S. Treasury Obligations — U.S. Treasury obligations include bills (initial maturities of one year or less), notes (initial maturities between two and ten years), and bonds (initial maturities over ten years) issued by the U.S. Treasury, Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal component parts of such obligations (known as "STRIPS") and inflation-indexed securities. The prices of these securities (like all debt securities) change between issuance and maturity in response to fluctuating market interest rates. U.S. Treasury obligations are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk.
Valuation Risk — This is the risk that the Fund has valued certain securities at a price different from the price at which they can be sold. This risk may be especially pronounced for investments, such as certain credit-linked notes and other derivatives, which may be illiquid or which may become illiquid.
Variable or Floating Rate Obligations — The interest rates payable on certain fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. A variable rate obligation has an interest rate which is adjusted at predesignated periods in response to changes in the market rate of interest on which the interest rate is based. Variable and floating rate obligations are less effective than fixed rate instruments at locking in a particular yield. Nevertheless, such obligations may fluctuate in value in response to interest rate changes if there is a delay between changes in market interest rates and the interest reset date for the obligation, or for other reasons.
The Fund may invest in floating rate debt instruments ("floaters") and engage in credit spread trades. The interest rate on a floater is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate, such as a money-market index or U.S. Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months. While, because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, the Fund will participate in any declines in interest rates as well. A credit spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two securities or currencies, where the value of the investment position is determined by movements in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities or currencies.
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OTHER INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
In addition to the investment strategies and risks described in the Prospectus, the Fund may:
Engage in dollar rolls or purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis. The purchase or sale of when-issued securities enables an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices by locking in an attractive price or yield. The price of when-issued securities is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase or sell is made, but delivery and payment for the when-issued securities takes place at a later date, normally one to two months after the date of purchase. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser to the issuer and no interest accrues to the purchaser. Such transactions therefore involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date. A sale of a when-issued security also involves the risk that the other party will be unable to settle the transaction. Dollar rolls are a type of forward commitment transaction. Purchases and sales of securities on a forward commitment basis involve a commitment to purchase or sell securities with payment and delivery to take place at some future date, normally one to two months after the date of the transaction. As with when-issued securities, these transactions involve certain risks, but they also enable an investor to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. Forward commitment transactions are executed for existing obligations, whereas in a when-issued transaction, the obligations have not yet been issued. When purchasing securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, a segregated amount of liquid assets at least equal to the value of purchase commitments for such securities will be maintained until the settlement date.
Invest in other investment companies (including affiliated investment companies) to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, or exemptive relief granted by the SEC.
Loan securities to broker-dealers or other institutional investors. Securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by the Fund exceeds 33-1/3% of its total assets (including the market value of collateral received). For purposes of complying with the Fund's investment policies and restrictions, collateral received in connection with securities loans is deemed an asset of the Fund to the extent required by law.
Enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which securities are acquired by the Fund from a securities dealer or bank subject to resale at an agreed upon price on a later date. The acquiring Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. However, the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, attempts to minimize this risk by entering into repurchase agreements only with financial institutions that are deemed to be of good financial standing.
Purchase securities sold in private placement offerings made in reliance on the "private placement" exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and resold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in Section 4(a)(2) securities and illiquid securities unless the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, determines, by continuous reference to the appropriate trading markets and pursuant to guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees ("Board") that any Section 4(a)(2) securities held by the Fund in excess of this level are at all times liquid.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Policies . The Fund has the following fundamental investment policy that enables it to invest in another investment company or series thereof that has substantially similar investment objectives and policies:
Notwithstanding any other limitation, the Fund may invest all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objectives, policies and limitations as the Fund. For this purpose, "all of the Fund's investable assets" means that the only investment securities that will be held by the Fund will be the Fund's interest in the investment company.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions . The following discusses the investment policies of the Fund.
The following restrictions have been adopted by the Fund and may be changed with respect to the Fund only by the majority vote of the Fund's outstanding interests. "Majority of the outstanding voting securities" under the 1940 Act and as used herein means, with respect to the Fund, the lesser of (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present and represented at the shareholders' meeting or (b) more than 50% of the shares of the Fund.
The Fund may not:
Purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnership interests, provided, however, that the Fund may dispose of real estate acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments and invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein when consistent with the other policies and limitations described in the Prospectus.
Invest in physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling foreign currency, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis, and other similar financial instruments).
Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of securities, the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under federal securities law.
Lend any security or make any other loan except (i) as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act, (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, (iii) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities in accordance with the Fund's investment objective, policies and limitations, or (iv) by engaging in repurchase agreements.
Issue any senior security except as otherwise permitted (i) under the 1940 Act or (ii) pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff.
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Borrow money, except as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act or pursuant to a rule, order or interpretation issued by the SEC or its staff, including (i) as a temporary measure, (ii) by entering into reverse repurchase agreements, and (iii) by lending portfolio securities as collateral. For purposes of this investment limitation, the purchase or sale of options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments shall not constitute borrowing.
Invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of companies primarily engaged in any particular industry or group of industries provided that this limitation does not apply to: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; and (ii) tax-exempt securities issued by municipalities and their agencies and authorities.
The above percentage limits (except the limitation to borrowings) are based upon asset values at the time of the applicable transaction; accordingly, a subsequent change in asset values will not affect a transaction that was in compliance with the investment restrictions at the time such transaction was effected. With respect to the fundamental investment restriction relating to making loans set forth in number 4 above, securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by the Fund exceeds 33 1/3% of its total net assets (including the market value of collateral received).
For purposes of the Fund's policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (5) above, "senior securities" are defined as Fund obligations that have a priority over the Fund's shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Fund assets. The Investment Company Act prohibits the Fund from issuing any class of senior securities or selling any senior securities of which it is the issuer, except that the Fund is permitted to borrow from a bank so long as, immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings of the Fund (not including borrowings for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets). In the event that such asset coverage falls below this percentage, the Fund is required to reduce the amount of its borrowings within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) so that the asset coverage is restored to at least 300%. Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC and its staff, the requisite asset coverage may vary among different types of instruments. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.
For purposes of the Fund's industry concentration policy, the Manager may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and instrument and may assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics. The Manager may, but need not, consider industry classifications provided by third parties, and the classifications applied to Fund investments will be informed by applicable law. A large economic or market sector shall not be construed as a single industry or group of industries. The Manager currently considers securities issued by a foreign government (but not the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities) to be an "industry" subject to the 25% limitation. Thus, not more than 25% of a Fund's assets will be invested in securities issued by any one foreign government or supranational organization. The Fund might invest in certain securities issued by companies in a particular industry whose obligations are guaranteed by a foreign government. The Manager could consider such a company to be within the particular industry and, therefore, the Fund will invest in the securities of such a company only if it can do so under its policy of not being concentrated in any particular industry or group of industries.
Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions . The following non-fundamental investment restrictions apply to the Fund and may be changed with respect to the Fund by a vote of a majority of the Board. The Fund may not:
Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including time deposits and repurchase agreements that mature in more than seven days; or
Purchase securities on margin, except that (1) the Fund may obtain such short term credits as necessary for the clearance of transactions, and (2) the Fund may make margin payments in connection with foreign currency, futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, securities purchased or sold on a forward-commitment or delayed-delivery basis or other financial instruments.
All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment. Except for the investment restrictions listed above as fundamental or to the extent designated as such in the Prospectus, the other investment policies described in this SAI are not fundamental and may be changed by approval of the Trustees.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE INVESTMENTS
In times of unstable or adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, where the Manager or the sub-advisor believes it is appropriate and in the Fund's best interest, the Fund can invest up to 100% in cash and other types of securities for defensive or temporary purposes. It can also hold cash or purchase these types of securities for liquidity purposes to meet cash needs due to redemptions of Fund shares, or to hold while waiting to invest cash received from purchases of Fund shares or the sale of other portfolio securities.
These temporary investments can include: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) commercial paper rated in the highest short-term category by a rating organization; (iii) domestic, Yankee and Eurodollar certificates of deposit or bankers' acceptances of banks rated in the highest short-term category by a rating organization; (iv) any of the foregoing securities that mature in one year or less (generally known as "cash equivalents"); (v) other short-term corporate debt obligations; (vi) repurchase agreements; (vii) futures; or (viii) shares of money market funds, including funds advised by the Manager or a sub-advisor.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Portfolio turnover is a measure of trading activity in a portfolio of securities, usually calculated over a period of one year. The rate is calculated by dividing the lesser amount of purchases or sales of securities by the average amount of securities held over the period. A portfolio turnover rate of 100% would indicate that the Fund sold and replaced the entire value of its securities holdings during the period. High portfolio turnover can increase the Fund's transaction costs and generate additional capital gains or losses.
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DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund publicly discloses portfolio holdings information as follows:
a complete list of holdings for the Fund on an annual and semi-annual basis in the reports to shareholders within sixty days of the end of each fiscal semi-annual period and in publicly available filings of Form N-CSR with the SEC within ten days thereafter;
a complete list of holdings for the Fund as of the end of its first and third fiscal quarters in publicly available filings of Form N-Q with the SEC within sixty days of the end of the fiscal quarter; and
a complete list of holdings for the Fund as of the end of each quarter on the Funds' website (www.americanbeaconfunds.com) approximately sixty days after the end of the quarter.
Public disclosure of the Fund's holdings on the website and in sales materials may be delayed when an investment manager informs the Fund that such disclosure could be harmful to the Fund. In addition, individual holdings may be omitted from website and sales material disclosure, when such omission is deemed to be in the Fund's best interest.
Disclosure of Nonpublic Holdings .
Occasionally, certain interested parties — including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries that distribute shares of the Fund, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, and others — may request portfolio holdings information that has not yet been publicly disclosed by the Fund. The Fund's policy is to control the disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information in an attempt to prevent parties from utilizing such information to engage in trading activity harmful to Fund shareholders. To this end, the Board has adopted a Policy and Procedures for Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information (the "Holdings Policy"). The purpose of the Holdings Policy is to define those interested parties who are authorized to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information on a selective basis and to set forth conditions upon which such information may be provided. In general, nonpublic portfolio holdings may be disclosed on a selective basis only when it is determined that (i) there is a legitimate business purpose for the information; (ii) recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the nonpublic information; and (iii) disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders. The Holdings Policy does not restrict a Fund from disclosing that a particular security is not a holding of the Fund. The Holdings Policy is summarized below.
A variety of third-party service providers require access to Fund holdings to provide services to the Fund or to assist the Manager and the sub-advisor(s) in managing the Fund ("service providers"). The service providers have a duty to keep the Fund's nonpublic information confidential either through written contractual arrangements with the Fund (or another Fund service provider) or by the nature of their role with respect to the Fund (or the service provider). The Fund has determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to service providers fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders. In addition, the Fund has determined that disclosure of nonpublic holdings information to members of the Trust's Board of Trustees fulfills a legitimate business purpose, is in the best interest of Fund shareholders, and each Trustee is subject to a duty of confidentiality.
The Fund has ongoing arrangements to provide nonpublic holdings information to the following service providers:
Service Provider |
Service |
Holdings Access |
Manager |
Investment management and administrator |
Complete list on intraday basis with no lag |
Sub-Advisor |
Investment management |
Holdings under sub-advisor’s management on intraday basis with no lag |
Abel Noser Corp. |
Trade execution analysis for sub-advisor |
Partial list on daily basis with no lag |
State Street Bank and Trust Co. (“State Street”) and its designated foreign sub-custodians |
Fund's custodian and foreign custody manager, and foreign sub-custodians |
Complete list on intraday basis with no lag |
Interactive Data Corporation |
Pricing Vendor |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Ernst & Young LLP |
Fund's independent registered public accounting firm |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
FactSet Research Systems, Inc. |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting for the Manager |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Bloomberg, L.P. |
Performance and portfolio analytics reporting |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Broadridge/ProxyEdge |
Proxy voting services for sub-advisor |
Complete list on daily basis with no lag |
Certain third parties are provided with nonpublic holdings information (either complete or partial lists) by the Manager or another service provider on an ad hoc basis. These third parties include: broker-dealers, prospective sub-advisors, borrowers of the Fund's portfolio securities, pricing services, legal counsel, and issuers (or their agents). Broker-dealers utilized by the Fund in the process of purchasing and selling portfolio securities or providing market quotations receive limited holdings information on a current basis with no lag. The Manager provides current holdings to investment managers being considered for appointment as a sub-advisor to the Fund. If the Fund participates in securities lending activities, potential borrowers of the Fund's securities receive information pertaining to the Fund's securities available for loan. Such information is provided on a current basis with no lag. The Fund utilizes various pricing services to supply market quotations and evaluated prices to State Street. State Street and the Manager may disclose current nonpublic holdings to those pricing services. An investment manager may provide holdings information to legal counsel when seeking advice regarding those holdings. From time to time, an issuer (or its agent) may contact the Fund requesting confirmation of ownership of the issuer's securities. Such holdings information is provided to the issuer (or its agent) as of the date requested. The Fund does not have written contractual
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arrangements with these third parties regarding the confidentiality of the holdings information. However, the Fund would not continue to utilize a third party that the Manager determined to have misused nonpublic holdings information.
The Fund has ongoing arrangements to provide periodic holdings information to certain organizations that publish ratings and/or rankings for the Fund or that redistribute the Fund's holdings to financial intermediaries to facilitate their analysis of the Fund. The Fund has determined that disclosure of holdings information to such organizations fulfills a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interest of shareholders, as it provides existing and potential shareholders with an independent basis for evaluating the Fund in comparison to other mutual funds. As of the date of this SAI, all such organizations receive holdings information after it has been made public on the Fund's website.
No compensation or other consideration may be paid to the Fund, the Fund's service providers, or any other party in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information.
Under the Holdings Policy, disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to parties other than those discussed above must meet all of the following conditions:
Recipients of portfolio holdings information must agree in writing to keep the information confidential until it has been posted to the Fund's website and not to trade based on the information;
Holdings may only be disclosed as of a month-end date;
No compensation may be paid to the Fund, the Manager or any other party in connection with the disclosure of information about portfolio securities; and
A member of the Manager's Compliance staff must approve requests for nonpublic holdings information.
In determining whether to approve a request for portfolio holdings disclosure by the Manager, Compliance staff generally considers the type of requestor and its relationship to the Fund, the stated reason for the request, any historical pattern of requests from that same individual or entity, the style and strategy of the Fund for which holdings have been requested (e.g., passive versus active management), whether the Fund is managed by one or multiple investment managers, and any other factors it deems relevant. Any potential conflicts between shareholders and affiliated persons of the Fund that arise as a result of a request for portfolio holdings information shall be decided by the Manager in the best interests of shareholders. However, if a conflict exists between the interests of shareholders and the Manager, the Manager may present the details of the request to the Board for a determination to either approve or deny the request. On a quarterly basis, the Manager will prepare a report for the Board outlining any instances of disclosures of nonpublic holdings during the period that did not comply with the Holdings Policy. The Compliance staff generally determines whether a historical pattern of requests by the same individual or entity constitutes an "ongoing arrangement" and should be disclosed in the Fund's SAI.
The Manager and the sub-advisor(s) to the Fund may manage substantially similar portfolios for clients other than the Fund. Those other clients may receive and publicly disclose their portfolio holdings information prior to public disclosure by the Fund. The Holdings Policy is not intended to limit the Manager or the sub-advisor from making such disclosures to their clients.
LENDING OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions needing to borrow securities to complete certain transactions. In connection with such loans, the Fund remains the beneficial owner of the loaned securities and continues to be entitled to payments in amounts approximately equal to the interest, dividends or other distributions payable on the loaned securities. The Fund also has the right to terminate a loan at any time. The Fund does not have the right to vote on securities while they are on loan. However, it is the Fund's policy to attempt to terminate loans in time to vote those proxies that the Fund determines are material to its interests. Loans of portfolio securities may not exceed 33 1/3 % of the value of the Fund's total assets (including the value of all assets received as collateral for the loan). The Fund will receive collateral consisting of cash in the form of U.S. dollars, foreign currency, or securities issued or fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government which will be maintained at all times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. If the collateral consists of cash, the Fund will reinvest the cash and pay the borrower a pre-negotiated fee or "rebate" from any return earned on the investment. Should the borrower of the securities fail financially, the Fund may experience delays in recovering the loaned securities or exercising its rights in the collateral. Loans are made only to borrowers that are deemed by the Manager to present acceptable credit risk on a fully collateralized basis. In a loan transaction, the Fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The Fund seeks to minimize this risk by limiting the investment of cash collateral to registered money market funds, including money market funds advised by the Manager that invest in U.S. Government and agency securities.
For all funds that engage in securities lending, the Manager receives compensation for administrative and oversight functions with respect to securities lending, including oversight of the securities lending agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. The amount of such compensation depends on the income generated by the loan of the securities. The Fund continues to receive dividends or interest or the equivalent, as applicable, on the securities loaned and simultaneously earns either interest on the investment of the cash collateral or fee income if the loan is otherwise collateralized. Currently, the Fund has no intention to engage in securities lending activities.
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TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
The Board of Trustees
The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees. The Board is responsible for and oversees the overall management and operations of the Trust and the Fund, which includes the general oversight and review of the Fund's investment activities, in accordance with federal law and the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as well as the stated policies of the Fund. The Board oversees the Trust's officers and service providers, including American Beacon Advisors, Inc. ("American Beacon"), which is responsible for the management of the day-to-day operations of the Fund based on policies and agreements reviewed and approved by the Board. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including American Beacon's investment personnel and the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO"). The Board also is assisted by the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (which reports directly to the Trust's Audit and Compliance Committee), independent counsel and other experts as appropriate, all of whom are selected by the Board.
Risk Oversight
Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Trust and the Fund, the Board oversees the management of risks relating to the administration and operation of the Trust and the Fund. American Beacon, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Fund, is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the Fund. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment, also separately considers potential risks that may impact the Fund. The Board performs this risk management oversight directly and, as to certain matters, through its committees (described below) and through the Board members who are not "interested persons" of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act ("Independent Trustees"). The following provides an overview of the principal, but not all, aspects of the Board's oversight of risk management for the Trust and the Fund.
In general, the Fund's risks include, among others, investment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, securities selection risk and valuation risk. The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address these and other risks to the Trust and the Fund. In addition, under the general oversight of the Board, American Beacon, the Fund's investment adviser, and other service providers to the Fund have themselves adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks to the Fund. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Further, American Beacon as manager of the Fund oversees and regularly monitors the investments, operations and compliance of the Fund's investment advisers.
The Board also oversees risk management for the Trust and the Fund through review of regular reports, presentations and other information from officers of the Trust and other persons. Senior officers of the Trust, and senior officers of American Beacon, and the CCO regularly report to the Board on a range of matters, including those relating to risk management. The Board and the Investment Committee also regularly receive reports from American Beacon with respect to the investments, securities trading and securities lending activities of the Fund. In addition to regular reports from American Beacon, the Board also receives reports regarding other service providers to the Trust, either directly or through American Beacon or the Fund's CCO, on a periodic or regular basis. At least annually, the Board receives a report from the CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Fund's compliance program. Also, typically on an annual basis, the Board receives reports, presentations and other information from American Beacon in connection with the Board's consideration of the renewal of each of the Trust's agreements with American Beacon and the Trust's distribution plans under Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act.
Senior officers of the Trust and American Beacon also report regularly to the Audit and Compliance Committee on Fund valuation matters and on the Trust's internal controls and accounting and financial reporting policies and practices. In addition, the Audit and Compliance Committee receives regular reports from the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Audit and Compliance Committee meets with the Fund's CCO to discuss matters relating to the Fund's compliance program.
Board Structure and Related Matters
Independent Trustees constitute at least two-thirds of the Board. Richard A. Massman, an Independent Trustee, serves as Independent Chair of the Board. The Independent Chair's responsibilities include: setting an agenda for each meeting of the Board; presiding at all meetings of the Board and Independent Trustees; and serving as a liaison with other Trustees, the Trust's officers and other management personnel, and counsel to the Fund. The Independent Chair shall perform such other duties as the Board may from time to time determine.
The Trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Board that delineates the responsibilities of that committee. The Board has established three standing committees: the Audit and Compliance Committee, the Investment Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. For example, the Investment Committee is responsible for oversight of the process, typically performed annually, by which the Board considers and approves the Fund's investment advisory agreement with American Beacon, while specific matters related to oversight of the Fund's independent auditors have been delegated by the Board to its Audit and Compliance Committee, subject to approval of the Audit and Compliance Committee's recommendations by the Board. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized below.
The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations. The Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Chair position and its committees, is appropriate for the Trust in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Funds, the number of series of the American Beacon Funds Complex overseen by the Board, the arrangements for the conduct of the Fund's operations, the number of Trustees, and the Board's responsibilities. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each of its committees, the Trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of Funds in the complex.
The Trust is part of the American Beacon Funds Complex, which is comprised of 32 series within the American Beacon Funds, 1 series within the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, and 1 series within the American Beacon Select Funds. The same persons who constitute the Board of the
19 |
Trust also constitute the board of trustees of American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust and American Beacon Select Funds and each Trustee oversees the Trusts' combined 34 series.
The Board holds five (5) regularly scheduled meetings each year. The Board may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone, to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees also hold at least one in-person meeting each year during a portion of which management is not present and may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone.
The Trustees of the Trust are identified in the tables below, which provide information as to their principal business occupations and directorships held during the last five years and certain other information. Subject to the Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Policy described below, a Trustee serves until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. The address of each Trustee listed below is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term or until his or her removal, resignation, or retirement.*
Name (Age) * |
Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Select Funds |
Position and Length of Time Served on the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust |
Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships During Past 5 Years |
INTERESTED TRUSTEE |
|
|
|
Alan D. Feld ** (80) |
Trustee of American Beacon Funds since 1996
|
Trustee since 2017 |
Partner in the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP (law firm) (1960- Present); Trustee, American Beacon Mileage Funds (1996-2012). |
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
|
|
|
Gilbert G. Alvarado ( 47) |
Trustee since 2015 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Director, Kura MD, Inc. (local telehealth organization) (2015-present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation (health conversion private foundation) (2006-Present); Vice President & CFO, Sierra Health Foundation: Center for Health Program Management (California public benefit corporation) (2012-Present); Director, Innovative North State (2012-2015); Director, Sacramento Regional Technology Alliance (2011- 2016); Director, Women’s Empowerment (2009-2014); Director, Valley Healthcare Staffing (2017-present). |
Joseph B. Armes (55) |
Trustee since 2015 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Chairman & CEO, CSW Industrials, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSWI) (2015-present); Chairman of the Board of Capital Southwest Corporation (NASDAQ: CSWC), predecessor to CSW Industrials, Inc. (2014-present); CEO Capital Southwest Corporation (2013-2015); President & CEO JBA Investment Partners (family investment vehicle) (2010-present); Director and Chair of Audit Committee, RSP Permian (oil and gas producer NYSE: RSPP)(2013-present). |
Gerard J. Arpey (58) |
Trustee since 2012 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Partner, Emerald Creek Group (private equity firm) (2011-Present); Director, S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. (privately held company) (2008-present). Director, The Home Depot, Inc. (2015-Present). |
Brenda A. Cline (56) |
Trustee since 2004 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary, Kimbell Art Foundation (1993-Present); Director, Tyler Technologies, Inc. (2014-Present); Director, Range Resources Corporation (oil and natural gas company) (2015- Present); Trustee, American Beacon Mileage Funds (2004-2012); Trustee, Cushing Closed-End Funds (2017-present) |
Eugene J. Duffy (62) |
Trustee since 2008 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Managing Director, Institutional Services, Intercontinental Real Estate Corporation (2014-Present); Principal and Executive Vice President, Paradigm Asset Management (1994-2014); Director, Sunrise Bank of Atlanta (2008-2013); Trustee, American Beacon Mileage Funds (2008-2012). |
Thomas M. Dunning (74) |
Trustee since 2008 |
Trustee since 2017 |
Chairman Emeritus (2008-Present); Lockton Dunning Benefits (consulting firm in employee benefits); Board Director, Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC (2007- Present); Trustee, American Beacon Mileage Funds (2008-2012). |
20 |
* The Board has adopted a retirement policy that requires Trustees, other than Mr. Feld, to retire no later than the last day of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75.
** Mr. Feld is deemed to be an "interested person" of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. Mr. Feld's law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld LLP has provided legal services within the past two fiscal years to one or more sub-advisors to certain funds in the American Beacon Funds complex.
In addition to the information set forth in the tables above and other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills applicable to a particular Trustee, the following provides further information about the qualifications and experience of each Trustee.
Gilbert G. Alvarado: Mr. Alvarado has extensive organizational management and financial experience as vice president and chief financial officer in public charities, and a health conversion private foundation, chief financial and information officer of the largest health foundation on the Texas/Mexico border and an accountant with a regional health system.
Joseph B. Armes: Mr. Armes has extensive financial, investment and organizational management experience as chairman of the board of directors, president and chief executive officer of an investment company listed on NASDAQ, president and chief executive officer of a private family investment vehicle, chief operating officer of a private holding company for a family office, president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer and director of a special purpose acquisition company listed on the American Stock Exchange, a director and audit committee chair of an oil and gas exploration and production company listed on the New York Stock Exchange and as an officer of public companies and as a director and officer of private companies.
Gerard J. Arpey: Mr. Arpey has extensive organizational management, financial and international experience serving as chairman, chief executive officer, and chief financial officer of one of the largest global airlines, service as a director of public and private companies, service to several charitable organizations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Brenda A. Cline: Ms. Cline has extensive organizational management, financial and investment experience as executive vice president, chief financial officer, secretary and treasurer to a private foundation, service as a director and member of the audit and nominating and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a trustee to a private university, and several charitable boards, including acting as a member of their investment and\or audit committees, extensive experience as an audit senior manager with a large public accounting firm, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Eugene J. Duffy: Mr. Duffy has extensive experience in the investment management business and organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of a bank, service as a chairman of a charitable fund and as a trustee to an association, service on the board of a private university and non-profit organization, service as chair to an financial services industry association, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Thomas M. Dunning: Mr. Dunning has extensive organizational management experience founding and serving as chairman and chief executive officer of a private company, service as a director of a private company, service as chairman of a large state municipal bond issuer and chairman of a large airport authority, also an issuer of bonds, service as a board member of a state department of transportation, service as a director of various foundations, service as chair of civic organizations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Alan D. Feld: Mr. Feld has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as chairman of a law firm, experience as a director of several publicly held companies, service as a trustee of a private university and a board member of a hospital, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Richard A. Massman: Mr. Massman has extensive experience as a business attorney, organizational management experience as a founding member of a law firm, experience as a senior vice president and general counsel of a large private company, service as the chairman and director of several foundations, including services on their Investment Committees and Finance Committees, chairman of a governmental board, chairman of various professional organizations and multiple years of service as a Trustee and as Independent Chair.
Barbara J. McKenna: Ms. McKenna has extensive experience in the investment management industry, organizational management experience as a member of senior management, service as a director of an investment manager, member of numerous financial services industry associations, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
R. Gerald Turner: Mr. Turner has extensive organizational management experience as president of a private university, service as a director and member of the audit and governance committees of various publicly held companies, service as a member to several charitable boards, and multiple years of service as a Trustee.
Committees of the Board
The Trust has an Audit and Compliance Committee ("Audit Committee"). The Audit Committee consists of Ms. Cline (Chair), and Messrs. Duffy, Alvarado, and Dunning. Mr. Massman, as Chairman of the Trust, serves on the Audit Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. None of the
21 |
members of the committee are "interested persons" of the Trust, as defined by the Investment Company Act. As set forth in its charter, the primary duties of the Trust's Audit Committee are: (a) to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and the Funds and their internal controls and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal controls of certain third-party service providers; (b) to oversee the quality and integrity of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (c) to approve, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust's independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust's independent auditors; (d) to oversee the Trust's compliance with all regulatory obligations arising under applicable federal securities laws, rules and regulations and oversee management's implementation and enforcement of the Trust's compliance policies and procedures ("Compliance Program"); and (e) to coordinate the Board's oversight of the Trust's CCO in connection with his or her implementation of the Trust's Compliance Program. The Audit Committee met five (5) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The Trust has a Nominating and Governance Committee ("Nominating Committee") that is comprised of Messrs. Feld (Chair), Turner, and Massman. As set forth in its charter, the Nominating Committee's primary duties are: (a) to make recommendations regarding the nomination of non-interested Trustees to the Board; (b) to make recommendations regarding the appointment of an Independent Trustee as Chairman of the Board; (c) to evaluate qualifications of potential "interested" members of the Board and Trust officers; (d) to review shareholder recommendations for nominations to fill vacancies on the Board; (e) to make recommendations to the Board for nomination for membership on all committees of the Board; (f) to consider and evaluate the structure, composition and operation of the Board; (g) to review shareholder recommendations for proposals to be submitted for consideration during a meeting of Fund shareholders; and (h) to consider and make recommendations relating to the compensation of Independent Trustees and of those officers as to whom the Board is charged with approving compensation. Shareholder recommendations for Trustee candidates may be mailed in writing, including a comprehensive resume and any supporting documentation, to the Nominating Committee in care of the Secretary of the Fund. The Nominating and Governance Committee met five (5) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The Trust has an Investment Committee that is comprised of, Ms. McKenna (Chair), Messrs. Armes and Arpey. Mr. Massman, as Chairman of the Trust, serves on the Investment Committee in an ex-officio non-voting capacity. As set forth in its charter, the Investment Committee's primary duties are: (a) to review and evaluate the short- and long-term investment performance of the Manager and each of the designated sub-advisors to the Fund; (b) to evaluate recommendations by the Manager regarding the hiring or removal of designated sub-advisors to the Fund; (c) to review material changes recommended by the Manager to the allocation of Fund assets to a sub-advisor; (d) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the investment objective or principal investment strategies of the Fund; and (e) to review proposed changes recommended by the Manager to the material provisions of the advisory agreement with a sub-advisor, including, but not limited to, changes to the provision regarding compensation. The Investment Committee met four (4) times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
Trustee Ownership in the Funds
The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned in the American Beacon Funds family by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2016.
|
INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
American Beacon Fund |
Feld |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
None |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Trusts (27 Funds as of December 31, 2016) |
Over $100,000 |
|
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
||||||||
|
Alvarado |
Armes |
Arpey |
Cline |
Duffy |
Dunning |
Massman |
McKenna |
Turner |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
$1-$10,000 |
$50,001-$100,000 |
None |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Trusts (27 Funds as of December 31, 2016) |
None |
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
None |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Trustee Compensation
Effective July 1, 2016, as compensation for their service to the American Beacon funds complex, including the Trust (collectively, the "Trusts"), each Trustee is compensated from the Trusts as follows: (1) an annual retainer of $120,000; (2) meeting attendance fee (for attendance in person or via teleconference) of (a) $5,000 for attendance by Board members for each regularly scheduled Board meeting, (b) $2,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee, and (c) $1,500 for attendance by Committee members at meetings of the Nominating and Governance Committee; and (3) reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred in attending Board meetings, Committee meetings, and relevant educational seminars. The Trustees also may be compensated for attendance at special Board and/or Committee meetings from time to time.
Effective as of July 1, 2016, for his service as Board Chairman, Mr. Massman receives an additional annual retainer of $50,000. Although he attends several committee meetings at each quarterly Board meeting, he receives only a single $5,000 fee each quarter for his attendance at those meetings. The chairpersons of the Audit Committee and the Investment Committee each receive an additional annual retainer of $25,000 and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee receives an additional annual retainer of $10,000.
22 |
The following table shows total compensation (excluding reimbursements) paid by the Trusts to each Trustee for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016. |
|||
Name of Trustee |
Aggregate Compensation From the Trust |
Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of the Trust's Expenses |
Total Compensation From the Trusts |
INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
|
|
|
Alan D. Feld |
$135,261 |
1 |
$140,500 |
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
|
|
|
Gilbert G. Alvarado |
$142,000 |
|
$147,500 |
Joseph B. Armes |
$139,593 |
|
$145,000 |
Gerard J. Arpey |
$137,186 |
|
$142,500 |
W. Humphrey Bogart 2 |
$55,356 |
1 |
$57,500 |
Brenda A. Cline |
$156,440 |
1 |
$162,500 |
Eugene J. Duffy |
$142,000 |
|
$147,500 |
Thomas M. Dunning |
$142,000 |
|
$147,500 |
Richard A. Massman |
$178,101 |
1 |
$185,000 |
Barbara J. McKenna |
$149,220 |
|
$155,000 |
R. Gerald Turner |
$137,186 |
1 |
$142,500 |
1 Upon retirement from the Board, each of these Trustees is eligible for flight benefits afforded to Trustees who served on the Boards as of June 4, 2008 as described below.
2 Mr. Bogart received compensation from the Trust prior to and up to the end of the quarter of his death on April 6, 2016.
The Boards adopted a Trustee Retirement Policy and Trustee Emeritus and Retirement Plan ("Plan"). The Plan provides that a Trustee who has served on the Boards prior to September 12, 2008, and who has reached a mandatory retirement age established by the Board (currently 75) is eligible to elect Trustee Emeritus status ("Eligible Trustees"). The Eligible Trustees are Messrs. Feld, Massman and Turner and Ms. Cline. The mandatory retirement age does not apply to Mr. Feld. Additionally, Eligible Trustees who have served on the Board of one or more Trusts for at least five years may elect to retire from the Board at an earlier age and immediately assume Trustee Emeritus status. The Board has determined that, other than the Plan established for Eligible Trustees, no other retirement benefits will accrue for current or future Trustees.
Upon assuming Trustee Emeritus status, each eligible Trustee and his or her spouse (or designated companion) may receive annual flight benefits from the Trusts of up to $40,000 combined, on a tax-grossed up basis, on American Airlines (a subsidiary of the Manager's former parent company) for a maximum period of 10 years, depending upon length of service prior to September 12, 2008. Eligible Trustees may opt to receive instead an annual retainer of $20,000 from the Trusts in lieu of flight benefits. No retirement benefits are accrued for Board service after September 12, 2008.
A Trustee Emeritus must commit to provide certain ongoing services and advice to the Board members and the Trusts; however, a Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Fund(s). Currently, two individuals who retired from the Board prior to September 12, 2008, have assumed Trustee Emeritus status. One receives an annual retainer of $20,000 from the Trusts. The other individual and his spouse receive annual flight benefits of up to $40,000 combined, on a tax-grossed up basis, on American Airlines.
Principal Officers of the Trust
The Officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. As of the date of this SAI, the Officers of the Trust, their ages, their business address and their principal occupations and directorships during the past five years are as set forth below. The address of each Officer is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. Each Officer serves for a term of one year or until his or her resignation, retirement, or removal. Each Officer has and continues to hold the same position with the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust.
Name (Age) |
Position and Length of Time Served with the Trust |
Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships During Past 5 Years |
OFFICERS |
|
|
Gene L. Needles, Jr. (62) |
President since 2009; Executive Vice President 2009 |
President, CEO and Director, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (2009-Present); Director, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. (2015-Present); Director, Resolute Acquisition, Inc.(2015-Present); Director, Resolute Topco, Inc. (2015-Present), President & CEO, Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC. (2015-Present); President, CEO and Director, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc.; (2009-2015); President and CEO, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc. (2009-2015); Manager and President, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C. (2012-Present); President, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd. (2014- Present); Chairman, President and CEO, Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (2016-Present). |
23 |
CODE OF ETHICS
The Manager, the Trust and the sub-advisors each have adopted a Code of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act. Each Code of Ethics significantly restricts the personal trading of all employees with access to non-public portfolio information. For example, each Code of Ethics generally requires pre-clearance of all personal securities trades (with limited exceptions) and prohibits employees from purchasing or selling a security that is being purchased or sold or being considered for purchase (with limited exceptions) or sale by any Fund. In addition, the Manager's and Trust's Code of Ethics requires employees to report trades in shares of the Trusts. Each Code of Ethics is on public file with, and may be obtained from, the SEC.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
From time to time, the Fund may own a security whose issuer solicits a proxy vote on certain matters. The Board seeks to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of the Fund's shareholders and has delegated proxy voting authority to the Manager. The Manager in turn has delegated proxy voting authority to the sub-advisor with respect to the Fund's assets under the sub-advisor's management. The Trust has adopted a Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the "Policy") that governs proxy voting by the Manager and sub-advisor, including procedures to address potential conflicts of interest
24 |
between the Fund's shareholders and the Manager, the sub-advisor or their affiliates. The Trust's Board of Trustees has approved the Manager's proxy voting policies and procedures with respect to Fund assets under the Manager's management. Please see Appendix A for a copy of the Policy. The sub-advisor's proxy voting policy and procedures are summarized (or included in their entirety) in Appendix B. The Fund's proxy voting record for the most recent year ended June 30 is available as of August 31 of each year upon request and without charge by calling 1-800-658-5811 or by visiting the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. The proxy voting record can be found in Form N-PX on the SEC's website.
CONTROL PERSONS AND 5% SHAREHOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of any Class of the Fund's outstanding shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund. The actions of an entity or person that controls the Fund could have an effect on other shareholders. For instance, a control person may have effective voting control over the Fund or large redemptions by a control person could cause the Fund's other shareholders to pay a higher pro rata portion of the Fund's expenses.
Set forth below are entities or persons that own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Class of the Fund as of March 31, 2017. The Trustees and officers of the Trusts, as a group, own 5.65% of the Investor Class of the Fund's shares outstanding. The Trustees and officers of the Trusts, as a group own less than 1% of all other classes of the Fund's shares outstanding.
Shareholder Address |
Fund Percentage (listed if over 25%) |
A CLASS |
C CLASS |
Institutional CLASS |
Investor CLASS |
Y CLASS |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC * |
43.91% |
|
|
0.00% |
69.30% |
78.38% |
SPECIAL CUST A/C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 MAIN ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94105-1905 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPL FINANCIAL* |
|
|
98.09% |
|
|
9.51% |
FBO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUND OPERATIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PO BOX 509046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN DIEGO CA 92150-9046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC* |
38.86% |
|
|
75.48% |
23.60% |
10.04% |
FOR EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUR CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS DEPT 4TH FLOOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
499 WASHINGTON BLVD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07310-1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERSHING LLC* |
|
12.39% |
|
|
|
|
1 PERSHING PLZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JERSEY CITY NJ 07399-0001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WELLS FARGO CLEARING SERVICES LLC* |
|
|
|
15.82% |
|
|
SPECIAL CUSTODY ACCT FOR THE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2801 MARKET ST |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ST LOUIS MO 63103-2523 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS |
|
85.59% |
|
|
|
|
220 LAS COLINAS BLVD E STE 1200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
IRVING TX 75039-5500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Denotes record owner of Fund shares only
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
The Fund's sub-advisor is listed below with information regarding its controlling persons or entities. According to the Investment Company Act, a person or entity with control with respect to an investment advisor has "the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies
25 |
of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company." Persons and entities affiliated with the sub-advisor are considered affiliates for the portion of Fund assets managed by the sub-advisor.
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Manager have entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with Ionic pursuant to which the Fund has agreed to pay Ionic an annualized sub-advisory fee that is calculated and accrued daily equal to 1.00% of the Fund's average daily net assets.
The Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate if assigned, and may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Manager, by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on no less than thirty (30) days' nor more than sixty (60) days' written notice to the sub-advisor, or by the sub-advisor upon sixty (60) days' written notice to the Trust. The Investment Advisory Agreement(s) will continue in effect provided that annually such continuance is specifically approved by a vote of the Trustees, including the affirmative votes of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or "interested persons" (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval, or by the vote of shareholders.
MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
The Manager
The Manager located at 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039 is a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. ("RIM"). RIM is in turn a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Acquisition, Inc., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Topco, Inc. a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC ("RIH"). RIH is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC and Estancia Capital Partners L.P., investment funds affiliated with Kelso & Company, L.P. ("Kelso") or Estancia Capital Management, LLC ("Estancia"), which are private equity firms. The address of Kelso and its investment funds is 320 Park Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10022. The address of Estancia and its investment fund is 20865 N 90th Place, Suite 200, Scottsdale, AZ 85255. The address of RIH is 220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200, Irving, TX 75039.
Listed below are individuals and entities that may be deemed control persons of the Manager.
The Manager is paid a management fee as compensation for providing the Trust with advisory and asset allocation and administration services. The expenses are allocated daily to each class of shares based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. Operating expenses directly attributable to a specific class are charged against the assets of that class.
Pursuant to management and administration agreements, the Manager provides the Trust with office space, office equipment and personnel necessary to manage and administer the Trust's operations. This includes:
complying with reporting requirements;
corresponding with shareholders;
maintaining internal bookkeeping, accounting and auditing services and records; and
supervising the provision of services to the Trust by third parties.
In addition to its oversight of the sub-advisor, the Manager may invest the portion of the Fund's assets that the sub-advisor
determine to be allocated to short-term investments.
The Fund is responsible for expenses not otherwise assumed by the Manager, including the following: audits by independent
auditors; transfer agency, custodian, dividend disbursing agent and shareholder recordkeeping services; taxes, if any, and
the preparation of the Fund's tax returns; interest; costs of Trustee and shareholder meetings; preparing, printing and mailing
Prospectuses and reports to existing shareholders; fees for filing reports with regulatory bodies and the maintenance of the
Fund's existence; legal fees; fees to federal and state authorities for the registration of shares; fees and expenses of Trustees;
insurance and fidelity bond premiums; fees paid to service providers providing reports regarding adherence by sub-advisor
to the investment style of the Fund; fees paid for brokerage commission analysis for the purpose of monitoring best execution
practices of the sub-advisor; and any extraordinary expenses of a nonrecurring nature.
As of the date of this SAI, the Manager is paid a fee as compensation for providing the Fund with management and administrative services. The expenses are allocated daily to each class of shares of the Fund based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. The Management Agreement provides for the Manager to receive an annualized fee based on a percentage of the Fund's average daily net assets that is calculated and accrued daily, equal to 0.35%.
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The Manager and the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with the sub-advisor pursuant to which the Fund has agreed to pay the sub-advisor the amounts due under the Investment Advisory Agreement directly.
The following tables show total management and administrative services fees paid to the Manager, fees waived or recouped by the Manager and investment advisory fees paid to the sub-advisor based on total Fund assets for the Fund's the most recent fiscal years ended December 31. In the tables below, the compensation paid to the Manager was based on an annualized management fee of 0.05% of the Fund's average daily net assets and a separate annualized administrative services fee of 0.30% of the Fund's average daily net assets prior to May 29, 2016. Thereafter, the Fund paid the Manager a single annualized management fee of 0.35% of its average daily net assets for management and administrative services. In the table below, the fees paid to the sub-advisor are expressed both as a dollar amount and percentage of the Fund's net assets.
Management Fees Paid to American Beacon Advisors, Inc. |
|
|
|
2015 |
2016 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
$7,080 |
$366,333 |
Sub-advisor Fees |
|
|
|
2015 |
2016 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
$145,188 |
$1,398,198 |
|
0.98% |
1.00% |
Management Fees (Waived)/Recouped |
|
|
|
2015 |
2016 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
$(108,786) |
$(32,760) |
Administrative Service Fees |
|
|
|
2015 |
2016 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
$44,296 |
$0 |
The Manager (or another entity approved by the Board) under a distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act, is paid up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the A Class shares and up to 1.00% per annum of the average daily net assets of the C Class of each Fund for distribution and shareholder servicing related services, including expenses relating to selling efforts of various broker-dealers, shareholder servicing fees and the preparation and distribution of A Class and C Class advertising material and sales literature. The Manager will receive Rule 12b-1 fees from the A Class and C Class regardless of the amount of the Manager's actual expenses related to distribution and shareholder servicing efforts on behalf of each Class. Thus, the Manager may realize a profit or a loss based upon its actual distribution and shareholder servicing related expenditures for the A Class and C Class. The Manager anticipates that the Rule 12b-1 plan will benefit shareholders by providing broader access to the Fund through broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries who require compensation for their expenses in order to offer shares of the Fund. Distribution fees pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 were:
Distribution Fees |
2015 |
2016 |
A Class |
$955 |
$287 |
C Class |
$2,434 |
$15,195 |
The A Class, C Class and Investor Class have each adopted a Service Plan (collectively, the "Plans"). The Plans authorize the payment to the Manager (or another entity approved by the Board) of up to 0.375% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class shares, up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the A Class shares and up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the C Class shares. In addition, the Fund will reimburse the Manager for certain non-distribution shareholder services provided by financial intermediaries attributable to Y Class and Institutional Class shares. The Manager or other approved entities may spend such amounts on any activities or expenses primarily intended to result in or relate to the servicing of A Class, C Class, Y Class, Institutional Class, and Investor Class shares including, but not limited to, payment of shareholder service fees and transfer agency or sub-transfer agency expenses. The fees, which are included as part of the Fund's "Other Expenses" in the Table of Fees and Expenses in the Prospectus, will be payable monthly in arrears. The fees for each Class will be paid, or reimbursed, on the actual expenses incurred in a particular month by the entity for the services provided pursuant to the respective Class and its Service Plan, if applicable. The primary expenses expected to be incurred are shareholder servicing, record keeping fees and servicing fees paid to financial intermediaries such as plan sponsors and broker-dealers. Service fees paid by the A Class, C Class and Investor Class shares of the Fund pursuant to the applicable Service Plan for the fiscal years ended December 31 were as follows:
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Service Fees |
|
|
|
2015 |
2016 |
A Class |
$77 |
$172 |
C Class |
$76 |
$239 |
Y Class * |
$624 |
$47,523 |
Investor Class |
$913 |
$5,179 |
* Pursuant to the Service Plan, prior to April 1, 2017 the Fund's Y Class shares paid up to 0.10% per annum of the average daily net assets.
The Manager also may receive up to 10% of the net monthly income generated from the Fund's securities lending activities as compensation for administrative and oversight functions with respect to securities lending of the Fund. Currently, the Manager receives 10% of such income for applicable series of the Trust. The Manager has not received any fees from securities lending activities of the Fund within the past fiscal year.
The SEC has granted exemptive relief that permits the Fund to invest cash collateral received from securities lending transactions in shares of one or more private or registered investment companies managed by the Manager.
The Manager has contractually agreed from time to time to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses for the Fund in order to maintain competitive expense ratios for the Fund. In July of 2003, the Board approved a policy whereby the Manager may seek repayment for such fee waivers and expense waivers. Under the policy, the Manager can be reimbursed by the Fund for any contractual or voluntary fee waivers or expense reimbursements if reimbursement to the Manager (a) occurs within three years after the Manager's own waiver or reimbursement and (b) does not cause the Fund's Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to exceed the previously agreed upon contractual expense limit.
The Distributor
Foreside Fund Services, LLC ("Foreside" or "Distributor"), located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, is the distributor and principal underwriter of the Fund's shares. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund's shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust or the Fund. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Agreement between Foreside and the Manager, Foreside receives a fee from the Manager for providing administrative services in connection with the marketing and distribution of shares of the Trust, including the registration of Manager employees as registered representatives of the Distributor to facilitate distribution of Fund shares. Foreside also receives a fee from the Manager under a Marketing Agreement pursuant to which Foreside provides services in connection with the marketing of the Fund to institutional investors. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor receives, and may re-allow to broker-dealers, all or a portion of the sales charge paid by the purchasers of A and C Class shares. For A and C Class shares, the Distributor receives commission revenue consisting of the portion of A and C Class sales charge remaining after the allowances by the Distributor to the broker dealers. The Distributor retains any portion of the commission fees that are not paid to the broker-dealers, for use solely to pay distribution related expenses.
The aggregate commissions paid to, or retained by, the Distributor from the sale of shares and the contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") retained by the Distributor on the redemption of shares during the fiscal years ended December 31 are shown in the table below.
American Beacon Fund |
Fiscal Year |
Aggregate Commissions |
Amount Retained by the Distributor |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
2016 |
$1,111 |
$0 |
|
2015 |
$400 |
$18 |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
State Street, located at 1 Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as custodian for the Fund. In addition to its other duties as custodian, pursuant to an Administrative Services Agreement and instructions given by the Manager, State Street may receive compensation from the Fund for investing certain excess cash balances in designated futures or forwards. State Street also serves as the Fund's Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to rules adopted under the Investment Company Act, whereby it selects and monitors eligible foreign sub-custodians.
Boston Financial Data Services (an affiliate of State Street), located at 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64105 is the transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Trust and provides these services to Fund shareholders.
The Fund's independent registered public accounting firm is Ernst & Young LLP, which is located at 2323 Victory Avenue, Suite 2000, Dallas, Texas 75219.
K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Fund.
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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The portfolio managers to the Fund (the "Portfolio Managers") have responsibility for the day-to-day management of accounts other than the Fund. Information regarding these other accounts has been provided by the Portfolio Managers' firm and is set forth below. The number of accounts and assets is shown as of December 31, 2016.
|
Number of Other Accounts Managed and Assets by Account Type |
Number of Accounts and Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
||||
Name of Investment Advisor and Portfolio Manager |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Ionic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bart Baum |
2 ($62 mil) |
5 ($2.9 bil) |
None |
None |
4 ($2.88 bil) |
N/A |
Doug Fincher |
2 ($62 mil) |
None |
None |
None |
None |
N/A |
Adam Radosti |
2 ($62 mil) |
5 ($2.9 bil) |
None |
None |
4 ($2.88 bil) |
N/A |
Daniel Stone |
2 ($62 mil) |
5 ($2.9 bil) |
None |
None |
4 ($2.88 bil) |
N/A |
Conflicts of Interest
As noted in the table above, the Portfolio Manager manages accounts other than the Fund. This side-by-side management may present potential conflicts between the Portfolio Manager's management of the Fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other hand. Set forth below is a description by the sub-advisor of any foreseeable material conflicts of interest that may arise from the concurrent management of the Fund and other accounts. The information regarding potential conflicts of interest was provided by the sub-advisor.
Ionic and its affiliates, owners, officers, directors, managers and employees ("Ionic Parties") are required to devote only such business time and attention to the conduct of the business and affairs of the Fund as Ionic may deem necessary or advisable. Ionic Parties are free to devote such time and attention as they may determine to other accounts or to other activities unrelated to the affairs of the Fund. Neither a the Fund, nor its shareholders, has any rights in or to such other activities or the income or profits derived therefrom.
There are no restrictions on the ability of Ionic to in the future manage accounts of other clients, whether the accounts follow the same or different investment objectives, philosophy and strategies as those used by the Fund. Ionic may in the future render investment advisory and other services to other persons or entities which advice may be identical, dissimilar or contrary to the advice that Ionic provides to the Fund.
Ionic may determine that an investment opportunity is appropriate for a particular account, but not for the Fund. Situations may arise in which certain accounts have made investments that would have been suitable for investment by the Fund but, for various reasons, were not pursued by, or available to, the Fund. The ability of the Fund and one or more other accounts advised by Ionic to invest in the same investment or to invest in the same amounts or on the same terms may be adversely affected by any limitation on the availability of the investment. In addition, Ionic may be required to choose among accounts, including the Fund, in allocating investments, and considers a variety of factors when choosing to allocate investments among accounts it advises. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Ionic allocates investment opportunities among all accounts in a manner which it believes is fair and equitable to all such accounts over time, taking into account necessary considerations.
In the event that a determination is made that more than one account advised by Ionic should participate in a trade or trades made on the same day, the securities traded will be allocated among the accounts in a manner which Ionic believes to be fair and equitable to the accounts receiving a portion of such trade(s), taking into account the circumstances of each such account, such as, for example, their investment strategies, current investment positions, relative capitalizations and available cash, investment time horizons, leverage ratios, etc. As a result, allocations of trades in which multiple accounts participate may not be made on a pro rata basis due to the consideration of such factors.
The fact that Ionic is eligible to receive performance-based compensation with respect to certain accounts may create an incentive for Ionic to allocate more profitable investment opportunities and trades made on more advantageous terms to such accounts rather than to the Fund. Such conflicts, however, generally are mitigated by Ionic's allocation policy, which requires Ionic to allocate securities in a way that is fair and equitable to all accounts over time. In addition, Ionic has adopted a code of ethics which highlights the fiduciary duty that Ionic owes to its clients, including the affirmative duty to act in the best interests of its clients.
Compensation
The following is a description provided by the investment sub-advisor regarding the structure of and criteria for determining the compensation of the Portfolio Managers as of December 31, 2016.
In order to attract and retain highly qualified professionals, Ionic's investment professionals are compensated using a variety of methods, including but not limited to, base salaries, discretionary bonuses, profit participation interests and combinations thereof.
Ownership of the Fund
A Portfolio Manager's beneficial ownership of the Fund is defined as the Portfolio Manager having the opportunity to share in any profit from transactions in the Fund, either directly or indirectly, as the result of any contract, understanding, arrangement, relationship or otherwise. Therefore, ownership of Fund shares by members of the Portfolio Manager's immediate family or by a trust of which the Portfolio Manager is a trustee could be considered ownership by the Portfolio Manager. The table below set forth each Portfolio Manager's beneficial ownership of the Fund as of December 31, 2016 provided by the Fund's sub-advisor.
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PORTFOLIO SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute particular transactions, the Manager and the sub-advisor are authorized to consider "brokerage and research services" (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), provision of statistical quotations (including the quotations necessary to determine the Fund's net asset value), and other information provided to the Fund, to the Manager and/or to the sub-advisor (or their affiliates), provided, however, that the Manager or the sub-advisor must always seek to obtain best execution. Research and brokerage services may include information on portfolio companies, economic analyses, and other investment research services. The Trusts do not allow the Manager or sub-advisor to enter into arrangements to direct transactions to broker-dealers as compensation for the promotion or sale of Trust shares by those broker-dealers. The Manager and the sub-advisor are also authorized to cause the Fund to pay a commission (as defined in SEC interpretations) to a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services for executing a portfolio transaction which is in excess of the amount of the commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction. The Manager or the sub-advisor, as appropriate, must determine in good faith, however, that such commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided, viewed in terms of that particular transaction or in terms of all the accounts over which the Manager or the sub-advisor exercises investment discretion. The fees of the sub-advisor are not reduced by reason of receipt of such brokerage and research services. However, with disclosure to and pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as applicable, the Manager, or the sub-advisor (or a broker-dealer affiliated with them) may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 under the Investment Company Act) for doing so. Brokerage and research services obtained with Fund commissions might be used by the Manager and/or the sub-advisor, as applicable, to benefit their other accounts under management.
The Manager and the sub-advisor will place its own orders to execute securities transactions that are designed to achieve the Fund's investment objective and policies. In placing such orders, the sub-advisor will seek best execution. The full range and quality of services offered by the executing broker or dealer will be considered when making these determinations. Pursuant to written guidelines approved by the Board, as appropriate, the sub-advisor of the Fund, or its affiliated broker-dealer, may execute portfolio transactions and receive usual and customary brokerage commissions (within the meaning of Rule 17e-1 of the Investment Company Act) for doing so. The Fund's turnover rate, or the frequency of portfolio transactions, will vary from year to year depending on market conditions and the Fund's cash flows. High portfolio turnover generally increases the Fund's transaction costs, including brokerage commissions, and may result in a greater amount of recognized capital gains.
The Investment Advisory Agreements provide, in substance, that in executing portfolio transactions and selecting brokers or dealers, the principal objective of the sub-advisor is to seek best execution. In assessing available execution venues, the sub-advisor shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the value of any eligible research, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. Transactions with respect to the securities of small and emerging market securities in which the Fund may invest may involve specialized services on the part of the broker or dealer and thereby may entail higher commissions or spreads than would be the case with transactions involving more widely traded securities.
The Fund may establish brokerage commission recapture arrangements with certain brokers or dealers. If a sub-advisor chooses to execute a transaction through a participating broker, the broker rebates a portion of the commission back to the Fund. Any collateral benefit received through participation in the commission recapture program is directed exclusively to the Fund. Neither the Manager nor the sub-advisor receives any benefits from the commission recapture program. The sub-advisor's participation in the brokerage commission recapture program is optional. The sub-advisor retains full discretion in selecting brokerage firms for securities transactions and is instructed to use the commission recapture program for a transaction only if it is consistent with the sub-advisor's obligation to seek the best execution available.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund received $0 as a result of participation in the commission recapture program.
For the most recent fiscal year ending December 31, the following brokerage commissions were paid by the Fund. Shareholders of the Fund bear only their pro-rata portion of such expenses.
American Beacon Fund |
2015 |
2016 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund |
$61,952 |
$736,244 |
For the fiscal years ended December 31 2015 and 2016, no brokerage commissions were paid to affiliated brokers by the Fund.
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ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND SALE INFORMATION FOR A CLASS SHARES
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
As described in the Prospectus, there are various ways to reduce your sales charge when purchasing A Class shares. Additional information about A Class sales charge reductions is provided below.
Letter of Intent ("LOI") . The LOI may be revised upward at any time during the 13-month period of the LOI ("LOI Period"), and such a revision will be treated as a new LOI, except that the LOI Period during which the purchases must be made will remain unchanged. Purchases made from the date of revision will receive the reduced sales charge, if any, resulting from the revised LOI. The LOI will be considered completed if the shareholder dies within the 13-month LOI Period. Commissions to dealers will not be adjusted or paid on the difference between the LOI amount and the amount actually invested before the shareholder's death.
All dividends and capital gain distributions on shares held in escrow will be credited to the shareholder's account in shares (or paid in cash, if requested). If the intended investment is not completed within the specified LOI Period, the purchaser may be required to remit to the transfer agent the difference between the sales charge actually paid and the sales charge which would have been paid if the total of such purchases had been made at a single time. Any dealers assigned to the shareholder's account at the time a purchase was made during the LOI Period will receive a corresponding commission adjustment if appropriate. If the difference is not paid by the close of the LOI Period, the appropriate number of shares held in escrow will be redeemed to pay such difference. If the proceeds from this redemption are inadequate, the purchaser may be liable to the Fund for the balance still outstanding.
Rights of Accumulation . Subject to the limitations described in the aggregation policy, you may take into account your accumulated holdings in any class of the American Beacon Funds to determine your sales charge for A Class shares on investments in accounts eligible to be aggregated. If you make a gift of A Class shares, upon your request, you may purchase the shares at the sales charge discount allowed under rights of accumulation of all of your investments in any class of the American Beacon Funds.
Aggregation . Qualifying investments for aggregation include those made by you and your "immediate family" as defined in the Prospectus, if all parties are purchasing shares for their own accounts and/or:
individual-type employee benefit plans, such as an individual retirement account ("IRA"), individual 403(b) plan or single-participant Keogh-type plan;
business accounts solely controlled by you or your immediate family (for example, you own the entire business);
trust accounts established by you or your immediate family (for trusts with only one primary beneficiary, upon the trustor's death the trust account may be aggregated with such beneficiary's own accounts; for trusts with multiple primary beneficiaries, upon the trustor's death the trustees of the trust may instruct the Fund's transfer agent to establish separate trust accounts for each primary beneficiary; each primary beneficiary's separate trust account may then be aggregated with such beneficiary's own accounts);
endowments or foundations established and controlled by you or your immediate family; or
529 accounts, which will be aggregated at the account owner level (Class 529-E accounts may only be aggregated with an eligible employer plan).
Individual purchases by a trustee(s) or other fiduciary(ies) may also be aggregated if the investments are:
for a single trust estate or fiduciary account, including employee benefit plans other than the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
made for two or more employee benefit plans of a single employer or of affiliated employers as defined in the Investment Company Act, excluding the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
for nonprofit, charitable or educational organizations, or any endowments or foundations established and controlled by such organizations, or any employer-sponsored retirement plans established for the benefit of the employees of such organizations, their endowments, or their foundations; or
for individually established participant accounts of a 403(b) plan that is treated similarly to an employer-sponsored plan for sales charge purposes (see "Purchases by certain 403(b) plans" under "Sales Charges" above), or made for two or more such 403(b) plans that are treated similarly to employer-sponsored plans for sales charge purposes, in each case of a single employer or affiliated employers as defined in the Investment Company Act. Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of a broker- dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with those made for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
Concurrent Purchases . As described in the Prospectus, you may reduce your A Class sales charge by combining simultaneous purchases in any of the American Beacon Funds.
Other Purchases . Pursuant to a determination of eligibility by the Manager, A Class shares of the Fund may be sold at net asset value (without the imposition of a front-end sales charge) to:
current or retired trustees, and officers of the American Beacon Funds family, current or retired employees and directors of the Manager and its affiliated companies, certain family members and employees of the above persons, and trusts or plans primarily for such persons;
currently registered representatives and assistants directly employed by such representatives, retired registered representatives with respect to accounts established while active, or full-time employees (collectively, "Eligible Persons") (and their spouses, and children, including children in step and adoptive relationships, sons-in- law and daughters-in-law, if the Eligible Persons or the spouses or children of the Eligible Persons are listed in the account registration with the spouse or parent) of broker-dealers who have sales agreements with the Distributor (or who clear transactions through such dealers), plans for the dealers, and plans that include as participants only the Eligible Persons, their spouses and/or children;
companies exchanging securities with the Fund through a merger, acquisition or exchange offer;
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insurance company separate accounts;
accounts managed by the Manager, a sub-advisor to the Fund and its affiliated companies;
the Manager or a sub-advisor to the Fund and its affiliated companies;
an individual or entity with a substantial business relationship with, which may include the officers and employees of the Fund's custodian or transfer agent, the Manager or a sub-advisor to the Fund and its affiliated companies, or an individual or entity related or relating to such individual or entity;
full-time employees of banks that have sales agreements with the Distributor, who are solely dedicated to directly supporting the sale of mutual funds;
directors, officers and employees of financial institutions that have a selling group agreement with the Distributor;
banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisors and financial planners) that have entered into an agreement with the Distributor or one of its affiliates, purchasing shares on behalf of clients participating in the Fund supermarket or in a wrap program, asset allocation program or other program in which the clients pay an asset-based fee;
clients of authorized dealers purchasing shares in fixed or flat fee brokerage accounts;
Employer-sponsored defined contribution - type plans, including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and IRA rollovers involving retirement plan assets invested in the Fund in the American Beacon Funds fund family; and
Employee benefit and retirement plans for the Manager and its affiliates.
Shares are offered at net asset value to these persons and organizations due to anticipated economies in sales effort and expense. Once an account is established under this net asset value privilege, additional investments can be made at net asset value for the life of the account.
It is possible that a broker-dealer may not be able to offer one or more of these waiver categories. If this situation occurs, it is possible that the investor would need to invest directly through American Beacon Funds in order to take advantage of the waiver. The Fund may terminate or amend the terms of these sales charge waivers at any time.
Moving Between Accounts . Investments in certain account types may be moved to other account types without incurring additional A Class sales charges. These transactions include, for example:
redemption proceeds from a non-retirement account (for example, a joint tenant account) used to purchase Fund shares in an IRA or other individual-type retirement account;
"required minimum distributions" (as described in Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code) from an IRA or other individual-type retirement account used to purchase Fund shares in a non-retirement account;
death distributions paid to a beneficiary's account that are used by the beneficiary to purchase Fund shares in a different account; and
it is possible that a broker-dealer may not be able to offer the ability to move between accounts. If this situation occurs, it is possible that the investor would need to invest directly through American Beacon Funds in order to take advantage of this privilege. Please contact your financial intermediary for additional information.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING CONTINGENT DEFERRED SALES CHARGES
As discussed in the Prospectus, the redemption of C Class shares may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") if you redeem your shares within 12 months of purchase. If you purchased $1,000,000 or more of A Class shares of the Funds (and therefore paid no initial sales charges) and subsequently redeem your shares within 18 months of your purchase, you may be charged a CDSC upon redemption. In determining whether the CDSC is payable, it is assumed that shares not subject to the CDSC are the first redeemed followed by other shares held for the longest period of time. The CDSC will not be imposed upon shares representing reinvested dividends or other distributions, or upon amounts representing share appreciation. As described in the Prospectus, there are various circumstances under which the CDSC will be waived. Additional information about CDSC waivers is provided below.
The CDSC is waived under the following circumstances:
Any partial or complete redemption following death or "disability" (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) of a shareholder (including one who owns the shares with his or her spouse as a joint tenant with rights of survivorship) from an account in which the deceased or disabled is named. The Manager or the Fund's transfer agent may require documentation prior to waiver of the charge, including death certificates, physicians' certificates, etc.
Redemptions from a systematic withdrawal plan. If the systematic withdrawal plan is based on a fixed dollar amount or number of shares, systematic withdrawal redemptions are limited to no more than 10% of your account value or number of shares per year, as of the date the Manager or the Fund's transfer agent receives your request. If the systematic withdrawal plan is based on a fixed percentage of your account value, each redemption is limited to an amount that would not exceed 10% of your annual account value at the time of withdrawal.
Redemptions from retirement plans qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. The CDSC will be waived for benefit payments made by American Beacon Funds directly to plan participants. Benefit payments include, but are not limited to, payments resulting from death, "disability," "retirement," and "separation from service" (each as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and required minimum distributions (as described in Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code), in-service distributions, hardships, loans and qualified domestic relations orders. The CDSC waiver will not apply in the event of termination of the plan or transfer of the plan to another financial institution.
Redemptions that are mandatory withdrawals from a traditional IRA after age 70 1/2 .
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Involuntary redemptions as a result of your account not meeting the minimum balance requirements, the termination and liquidation of the Fund, or other actions by the Fund.
Distributions from accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a written agreement with the Distributor (or Manager) allowing this waiver.
To return excess contributions made to a retirement plan.
To return contributions made due to a mistake of fact.
The following example illustrates the operation of the CDSC. Assume that you open an account and purchase 1,000 shares at $10 per share and that six months later the NAV per share is $12 and, during such time, you have acquired 50 additional shares through reinvestment of distributions. If at such time you should redeem 450 shares (proceeds of $5,400), 50 shares will not be subject to the charge because of dividend reinvestment. With respect to the remaining 400 shares, the charge is applied only to the original cost of $10 per share and not to the increase in NAV of $2 per share. Therefore, $4,000 of the $5,400 redemption proceeds will pay the charge. At the rate of 1.00%, the CDSC would be $40 for redemptions of C Class shares. In determining whether an amount is available for redemption without incurring a deferred sales charge, the purchase payments made for all shares in your account are aggregated.
REDEMPTIONS IN KIND
Although the Fund intends to redeem shares in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of securities or other assets. However, shareholders always will be entitled to redeem shares for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Fund's net asset value during any 90-day period. Redemption in kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. In addition, to the extent the Fund redeems its shares in this manner, the shareholder assumes the risk of a subsequent change in the market value of those securities, the cost of liquidating the securities and the possibility of a lack of a liquid market for those securities.
TAX INFORMATION
The tax information in the Prospectus and in this section relates solely to the federal income tax law and assumes that the Fund will continue to qualify as a RIC (that is, a "regulated investment company" under the Internal Revenue Code) (as discussed below). The tax information in this section is only a summary of certain key federal tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders and is in addition to the tax information provided in the Prospectus. No attempt has been made to present a complete explanation of the federal income tax treatment of the Fund or the tax implications to its shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning. The tax information is based on the Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations in effect, and administrative pronouncements and judicial decisions publicly available, on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund intends to continue to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code. To so qualify, the Fund (which is treated as a separate corporation for these purposes) must, among other requirements:
Derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (1) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income, including gains from options, futures or forward contracts, derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies ("Qualifying Other Income") and (2) net income derived from an interest in a "qualified publically traded partnership" ("QPTP") ("Gross Income Requirement"). A QPTP is a "publically traded partnership" other than a partnership at least 90% of the gross income of which is Qualifying Other Income;
Diversify its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (1) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by cash and cash items, Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer's outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for those purposes), and (2) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in (a) the securities (other than Government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (b) the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (c) the securities of one or more QPTPs ("Diversification Requirements"); and
Distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally, net investment income, the excess (if any) of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss, and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) ("Distribution Requirement").
By qualifying for treatment as a RIC, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders. If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify for that treatment — either (1) by failing to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, even if it satisfies the Gross Income and Diversification Requirements ("Other Requirements") or (2) by failing to satisfy any of the Other Requirements and is unable to, or determines not to, avail itself of Internal Revenue Code provisions that enable a RIC to cure a failure to satisfy any of the Other Requirements as long as the failure "is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect" and the RIC pays a deductible tax calculated in accordance with those provisions and meets certain other requirements — then for federal tax purposes, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to its shareholders and the dividends it pays would be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly, for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders (each an "individual"), as "qualified dividend income" (as described in the Prospectus)("QDI")) to the extent of the Fund's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify for RIC treatment would therefore have a negative impact on the Fund's income and performance. Furthermore, the Fund could be required to recognize
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unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying for RIC treatment. It is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a RIC in any given taxable year.
The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax ("Excise Tax") to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on December 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions by the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the Excise Tax.
Taxation of Certain Investments and Strategies
Hedging strategies, such as entering into forward contracts and selling (writing) and purchasing options and futures contracts, involve complex rules that will determine for federal income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of gains and losses the Fund may realize in connection therewith. In general, the Fund's (1) gains from the disposition of foreign currencies and (2) Qualifying Other Income will be treated as qualifying income under the Gross Income Requirement.
Dividends and interest the Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield and/or total return on its securities. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate those taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains realized on investments by foreign investors. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance, since the amount of the Fund's assets to be invested in various countries is not known.
Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and "non-equity" options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a "broad-based" securities index) - except any "securities futures contract" that is not a "dealer securities futures contract" (both as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement - in which the Fund invests may be subject to Internal Revenue Code section 1256 (collectively, "Section 1256 contracts"). Any Section 1256 contract the Fund holds at the end of its taxable year must be "marked-to-market" (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for its fair market value) for federal tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of Section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax. These rules may operate to increase the amount that the Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain the Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it.
Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code also may apply to the Fund's forward currency contracts and options and futures on foreign currencies. Under that section, each foreign currency gain or loss generally is computed separately and treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of the Fund's investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than affecting the amount of its net capital gain. If section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to distribute any dividends, and any distributions made during that year (including those made before the losses were realized) would be characterized as a non-taxable return of capital to shareholders, rather than as a dividend, thereby reducing each shareholder's basis in his or her Fund shares and treating any part of such distribution exceeding that basis as gain from the disposition of those shares.
Offsetting positions the Fund enters into or holds in any actively traded option, futures or forward contract may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax purposes. Straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of recognition of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to positions of the straddle by requiring, among other things, that (1) losses realized on disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred to the extent of any unrealized gain in an offsetting position until the latter position is disposed of, (2) the Fund's holding period in certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly resulting in gain being treated as short-term rather than long-term capital gain) and (3) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions, that otherwise would constitute short-term capital losses, be treated as long-term capital losses. Applicable regulations also provide certain "wash sale" rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and "short sale" rules applicable to straddles. Different elections are available, that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules, particularly with respect to "mixed straddles" (i.e., a straddle at least one, but not all, positions of which are Section 1256 contracts).
When a covered call option written (sold) by the Fund expires, it will realize a short-term capital gain equal to the amount of the premium it received for writing the option. When the Fund terminates its obligations under such an option by entering into a closing transaction, it will realize a short-term capital gain (or loss), depending on whether the cost of the closing transaction is less (or more) than the premium it received when it wrote the option. When a covered call option written by the Fund is exercised, it will be treated as having sold the underlying security, producing long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on the holding period of the underlying security and whether the sum of the option price received on the exercise plus the premium received when it wrote the option is more or less than the underlying security's basis.
If the Fund has an "appreciated financial position" - generally, any position (including an interest through an option, futures or forward contract or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than "straight debt") or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis - and enters into a "constructive sale" of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a futures or forward contract the Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any Fund transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund's risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain
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specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations, administrative rules, and/or other legally binding authority that could affect the treatment of income from those instruments and the character, timing of recognition and amount of the Fund's taxable income or net realized gains and distributions. If the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") were to assert successfully that income the Fund derives from those investments does not constitute Qualifying Other Income, the Fund might cease to qualify as a RIC (with the consequences described above under "Taxation of the Fund") or might be required to reduce its exposure to such investments.
Taxation of the Fund's Shareholders
General - Dividends and other distributions the Fund declares in the last quarter of any calendar year that are payable to shareholders of record on a date in that quarter will be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by those shareholders on December 31 of that year if the Fund pays the distributions during the following January. Accordingly, those distributions will be reportable by, and taxed to, those shareholders for the taxable year in which that December 31 falls.
If Fund shares are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be treated as long-term, instead of short-term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on those shares. In addition, any loss a shareholder realizes on a redemption of Fund shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares; in that case, the basis in the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Investors also should be aware that the price of Fund shares at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming dividend or other distribution, so if they purchase Fund shares shortly before the record date for a distribution, they will pay full price for the shares and receive some part of the price back as a taxable distribution, even though it represents a partial return of invested capital.
Basis Election and Reporting - A Fund shareholder who wants to use an acceptable method for basis determination with respect to his or her Fund shares other than the average basis method (the Fund's default method) must elect to do so in writing, which may be electronic. The basis determination method a Fund shareholder elects may not be changed with respect to a redemption (including a redemption that is part of an exchange) of Fund shares after the settlement date of the redemption.
In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from redemptions of Fund shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Fund shares that are redeemed or exchanged and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisers to determine the best IRS-accepted basis determination method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to them. Fund shareholders who acquire and hold Fund shares through a financial intermediary should contact their financial intermediary for information related to the basis election and reporting.
Backup Withholding - The Fund is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 28% of dividends, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds (regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized) otherwise payable to any shareholder that is not an "exempt recipient" as defined in the regulations under the Internal Revenue Code who fails to certify that the taxpayer identification number furnished to the Fund is correct or who furnishes an incorrect number (together with the withholding described in the next sentence, "backup withholding"). Withholding at that rate also is required from the Fund's dividends and capital gain distributions otherwise payable to such a shareholder who (1) is subject to backup withholding for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly or (2) fails to certify to the Fund that it is an "exempt recipient." Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, any amounts so withheld may be credited against your federal income tax liability or refunded.
Non-U.S. Shareholders - Dividends the Fund pays to a shareholder who is a non-resident alien individual or foreign entity (each a "non-U.S. shareholder") -- other than (1) dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder whose ownership of the Fund's shares is effectively connected with a trade or business within the United States the shareholder conducts and (2) capital gain distributions paid to a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the United States for no more than 182 days during the taxable year -- generally are subject to 30% federal withholding tax (unless a reduced rate of withholding or a withholding exemption is provided under an applicable treaty). However, two categories of dividends the Fund might pay, "interest-related dividends" and "short-term capital gain dividends," to non-U.S. shareholders (with certain exceptions) and reported by it in writing to its shareholders are exempt from that tax. "Short-term capital gain dividends" are dividends that are attributable to net short-term gain, computed with certain adjustments. "Interest-related dividends" are dividends that are attributable to "qualified net interest income" (i.e., "qualified interest income," which generally consists of certain original issue discount, interest on obligations "in registered form," and interest on deposits, less allocable deductions) from sources within the United States. Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers concerning the applicability of that withholding tax.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act ("FATCA") - Under FATCA, "foreign financial institutions" ("FFIs") and "non-financial foreign entities" ("NFFEs") that are Fund shareholders may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on (1) income dividends the Fund pays and (2) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds of redemptions of Fund shares it pays after December 31, 2018. As discussed more fully below, the FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain information regarding direct and indirect ownership of financial accounts U.S. persons hold with the FFI, and (b) by an NFFE, if it certifies its status as such and, in certain circumstances, information regarding substantial U.S. owners.
The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements ("IGAs") with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with other foreign countries with respect to alternative approaches to implement FATCA. An entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of the IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations, as described below. An FFI resident in a country that has entered into a Model I IGA with the United States must report to that country's government (pursuant to the terms of the applicable IGA and applicable law), which will, in turn, report to the IRS. An FFI resident in a Model II IGA country generally must comply with U.S. regulatory requirements, with certain exceptions, including the
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treatment of recalcitrant accountholders. An FFI resident in one of those countries that complies with whichever of the foregoing applies will be exempt from FATCA withholding.
An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding by becoming a "participating FFI," which requires the FFI to enter into a tax compliance agreement with the IRS under the Internal Revenue Code. Under such an agreement, a participating FFI agrees to (1) verify and document whether it has U.S. accountholders, (2) report certain information regarding their accounts to the IRS, and (3) meet certain other specified requirements.
An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Fund can avoid FATCA withholding generally by certifying its status as such and, in certain circumstances, either that (1) it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or (2) it does have one or more such owners and reports the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each such owner. The NFFE will report to the Fund or other applicable withholding agent, which may, in turn, report information to the IRS.
Those foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted, or deemed compliant categories established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide it with documentation properly certifying the entity's status under FATCA to avoid FATCA withholding. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above. Foreign investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation and the impact thereof on their investment in the Fund.
Other Taxes - Statutory rules and regulations regarding state and local taxation of ordinary income dividends, QDI dividends and net capital and foreign currency gain distributions may differ from the federal income taxation rules described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder's situation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a "Massachusetts business trust." Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of such a trust may, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for its obligations. However, the Trust's Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of Trust property for any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss due to shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations. The Trust has not engaged in any other business.
The Trust was originally created to manage money for large institutional investors. The following individuals (and members of that individual's "immediate family"), are eligible to purchase shares of the Institutional Class with an initial investment of less than $250,000: (i) employees of the Manager, (ii) employees of a sub-advisor for Funds where it serves as sub-advisor, (iii) members of the Board, (iv) employees of Kelso/Estancia, and (v) members of the Manager's Board of Directors. The term "immediate family" refers to one's spouse, children, grandchildren, grandparents, parents, parents-in-law, brothers and sisters, sons and daughters-in-law, a sibling's spouse, a spouse's sibling, aunts, uncles, nieces and nephews; relatives by virtue of remarriage (step-children, step-parents, etc.) are included. Any shareholders that the Manager transfers to the Institutional Class upon termination of the class of shares in which the shareholders were originally invested is also eligible for purchasing shares of the Institutional Class with an initial investment of less than $250,000.
The Investor Class was created to give individuals and other smaller investors an opportunity to invest in the American Beacon Funds. The Institutional and Y Classes were created to manage money for large institutional investors, including pension and 401(k) plans. The A Class and C Class were created for investors investing in the Funds through their broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP audits and reports on the Fund's annual financial statements. The audited financial statements include the schedule of investments, statement of assets and liabilities, statement of operations, statements of changes in net assets, financial highlights, notes and report of independent registered public accounting firm. The audited financial statements are incorporated by reference to the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders for the period ended December 31, 2016.
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APPENDIX A
AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC.
SUMMARY OF PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion in order to secure the best long-term interests of the advisory clients of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. ("AmBeacon"). AmBeacon's proxy voting policies and procedures are designed to implement AmBeacon's duty to vote proxies in clients' best interests. Given that AmBeacon manages portfolios that invest solely in fixed-income securities, the only securities for which we expect to receive proxies are money market mutual funds. As such, the proxy voting policies and procedures set forth voting guidelines for the proxy issues and proposals common to money market funds.
For routine proposals that will not change the structure, bylaws or operations of the money market fund, AmBeacon's policy is to support management; however, each proposal will be considered individually focusing on the financial interests of the client portfolio. Non-routine proposals, such as board elections, advisory contract and distribution plan approvals, investment objective changes, and mergers, will generally be reviewed on a case-by-case basis with AmBeacon first and foremost considering the effect of the proposal on the portfolio.
Items to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and proposals not contemplated in the policies set forth above will be assessed by AmBeacon. In these situations, AmBeacon will use its judgment to vote in the best interest of the client portfolio. For all proposals, especially controversial or case-by-case evaluations, AmBeacon will be responsible for individually identifying significant issues that could impact the investment performance of the portfolio.
AmBeacon manages portfolios for the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust and the American Beacon Select Funds (collectively, the "Beacon Funds"). AmBeacon may invest a Beacon Fund in shares of another Beacon Fund. If a Beacon Fund solicits a proxy for which another Beacon Fund is entitled to vote, AmBeacon's interests as manager of the Beacon Fund seeking shareholder votes may conflict with the interests of the other Beacon Fund as shareholder. To ensure that AmBeacon is acting in the best interests of the other Beacon Fund in this situation, AmBeacon will vote in accordance with the Beacon Fund's Board of Trustees' recommendations in the proxy statement.
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Last Amended March 22, 2017
Preface
Proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion in order to secure the best long-term interests of shareholders of the American Beacon Funds ("Beacon Funds"), the American Beacon Select Funds ("Select Funds") and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust ("Institutional Funds") (collectively, the "Funds"). Therefore, these Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the "Policy") have been adopted by the Funds.
The Funds are managed by American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the "Manager"). The Manager allocates discrete portions of the American Beacon Funds among sub-advisors, but the Manager may directly manage all or a portion of the assets of certain Funds directly. The Funds' Boards of Trustees have delegated proxy voting authority to the Manager. The Manager has in turn delegated proxy voting authority to each sub-advisor with respect to the sub-advisor's respective portion of the Fund(s) under management, but the Manager has retained the authority to override a proposed proxy voting decision by a sub-advisor. For the securities held in their respective portion of each Fund, the Manager and the sub-advisors make voting decisions pursuant to their own proxy voting policies and procedures, which have been adopted by the applicable Fund and approved by the applicable Fund's Board of Trustees.
Conflicts of Interest
The Board of Trustees seeks to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of Fund shareholders. For certain proxy proposals, the interests of the Manager, the sub-advisors and/or their affiliates may differ from Fund shareholders' interests. To avoid the appearance of impropriety and to fulfill their fiduciary responsibility to shareholders in these circumstances, the Manager and the sub-advisors are required to establish procedures that are reasonably designed to address material conflicts between their interests and those of the Funds.
When a sub-advisor deems that it is conflicted with respect to a voting matter, its policy may call for it to seek voting instructions from the client. The Manager is authorized by the Boards of Trustees to consider any such matters and provide voting instructions to the sub-advisor, unless the Manager has determined that its interests are conflicted with Fund shareholders with respect to the voting matter. In those instances, the Manager will vote in accordance with the recommendation of a third-party proxy voting advisory service.
Each Beacon Fund and Institutional Fund has the ability to invest in the shares of the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund. If the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund issues a proxy for which a Beacon Fund or Institutional Fund is entitled to vote, the Manager's interests regarding the American Beacon U.S. Government Money Market Select Fund might appear to conflict with the interests of the shareholders of the Beacon Fund and/or Institutional Fund. In these cases, the Manager will vote in accordance with the Select Funds Board of Trustees' recommendations in the proxy statement.
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If the methods for addressing conflicts of interest, as described above, are deemed by the Manager to be unreasonable due to cost, timing or other factors, then the Manager may decline to vote in those instances.
Securities on Loan
The Manager shall engage a proxy voting service to notify the Manager before the record date about the occurrence of future shareholder meetings, as feasible. The Manager will determine whether or not to recall shares of the applicable security that are on loan with the intent of the Manager or the sub-advisor, as applicable, voting such shares. The Manager's determination shall be based on factors which may include the nature of the meeting (i.e., annual or special), the percentage of the proxy issuer's outstanding securities on loan, any other information regarding the proxy proposals of which the Manager may be aware, and the loss of securities lending income to a Fund as a result of recalling the shares on loan.
Recordkeeping
The Manager and the sub-advisors shall maintain records of all votes cast on behalf of the Funds. Such documentation will include the firm's proxy voting policies and procedures, company reports provided by proxy voting advisory services, additional information gathered by the Manager or sub-advisor that was material to reaching a voting decision, and communications to the Manager regarding any identified conflicts. The Manager and the sub-advisors shall maintain voting records in a manner to facilitate the Funds' production of the Form N-PX filing on an annual basis.
Disclosure
The Manager will coordinate the compilation of the Funds' proxy voting record for each year ended June 30 and file the required information with the SEC via Form N-PX by August 31. The Manager will include a summary of the Policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the sub-advisors, as applicable, in each Fund's Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"). In each Fund's annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, the Manager will disclose that a description of the Policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the sub-advisors, as applicable, is a) available upon request, without charge, by toll-free telephone request, b) on the Funds' website (if applicable), and c) on the SEC's website in the SAI. The SAI and shareholder reports will also disclose that the Funds' proxy voting record is available by toll-free telephone request (or on the Funds' website) and on the SEC's website by way of the Form N-PX. Within three business days of receiving a request, the Manager will send a copy of the policy description or voting record by first-class mail.
Manager Oversight
The Manager shall review a sub-advisor's proxy voting policies and procedures for compliance with this Policy and applicable laws and regulations prior to initial delegation of proxy voting authority and on at least an annual basis thereafter.
Board Reporting
On at least an annual basis, the Manager will present a summary of the voting records of the Funds to the Boards of Trustees for their review. The Manager will notify the Boards of Trustees of any material changes to its proxy voting policies and procedures.
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APPENDIX B
IONIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICY
Purpose and Scope
The purpose of this policy and its related procedures regarding proxy voting (this "Policy") is to establish guidelines regarding proxies in respect of Client securities and for which the Company has been delegated voting authority. This Policy and the guidelines regarding proxies are reasonably designed to conform with the requirements of applicable law.
General Policy
Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act requires a registered investment adviser that exercises proxy voting authority over client securities to: (i) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the investment adviser votes proxies related to Client securities in the best interest of its Clients; (ii) ensure that the written policies and procedures address material conflicts that may arise between the interests of the investment adviser and those of its Clients; (iii) describe its proxy voting policies and procedures to Clients, and provide copies of such policies and procedures upon request by such Clients; and (iv) disclose to Clients how they may obtain information from the investment adviser about how the adviser voted with respect to their securities. The Company is committed to implementing policies and procedures that conform to the requirements of the Advisers Act. To that end, it has implemented this Policy to facilitate the Company's compliance with Rule 206(4)-6 and to ensure that proxies related to Client securities are voted (or not voted) in accordance with the best interests of its Clients.
Proxy Voting Policy
Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act requires a registered investment adviser that exercises its authority to vote Client proxies to: (i) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the investment adviser votes Client proxies in the best interest of its Clients; (ii) ensure that the written policies and procedures address material conflicts that may arise between the interests of the investment adviser and those of its Clients; (iii) describe its proxy voting procedures to clients, and provide copies of such procedures upon request by such clients; and (iv) disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the investment adviser about how the adviser voted their proxies.
This Policy and applicable law require the Company to act in the best interest of its Clients when exercising proxy voting authority in respect of Client securities. The Company shall monitor corporate events and vote proxies on behalf of each Client that has expressly or implicitly authorized the Company to do so. If the Company accepts proxy voting authority from a Client, the Company shall dutifully analyze the issues involved with shareholder votes, evaluate the probable impact on corporate operations, and vote proxies in what it views to be in accordance with the best interest of its Clients. The Company will not put its own interests ahead of a Client's interest at any time, and will resolve any potential conflicts between its interests and those if its Clients in favor of its Clients.
These policies and procedures do not mandate that the Company vote every proxy that it receives in regard to Client securities. There may be circumstances when refraining from voting a proxy is in a Client's best interest, such as when and if the Company determines that the costs of voting the proxy exceeds the expected benefit(s) to the Client (such costs may include the value of Company time). Further, the Company will not vote proxies for which a Client has expressly retained voting authority. Accordingly, when the Company has the discretionary authority to vote the proxies of Client securities and determines that it is in the best interest of its Clients to do so, it will vote those proxies in the best interest of its Clients and in accordance with this Policy.
Proxy Voting
Procedures
The Chief Compliance Officer shall be primarily responsible for receiving, processing, and voting proxies for Client securities. All proxies received by the Company shall be delivered to the Chief Compliance Officer, who will:
(i) log the receipt of the proxy materials received in a pending file until the proxy is voted by the Company (or a determination not to vote the proxy is made);
(ii) determine whether the Client that is the beneficial owner of the securities subject to the proxy has expressly retained proxy voting authority;
(iii) confirm that the proxy materials received relate to the correct number of shares, as of the record date;
(iv) together with the Portfolio Managers and the Company's legal counsel, as necessary in the determination of the Chief Compliance Officer, identify any material conflicts of interest in regard to voting on the matter presented to shareholders in the proxy, such identification process to include a review of the relationship of the Company with the issuer of each security and any of the issuer's affiliates to determine whether the issuer is an investor in a Client of the Company or has some other relationship with: (a) the Company; (b) its principals or employees; or (c) any Client of the Company;
(v) to the extent the Chief Compliance Officer determines the existence of a material conflict of interest, coordinate resolution of such material conflict in accordance with the procedures, discussed below under "Conflicts of Interest", established by this Policy; and
(vi) vote on all mandatory and appropriate matters presented in proxies by completing them and mailing them or responding electronically in a timely and appropriate manner in compliance with the proxy voting guidelines attached as an EXHIBIT hereto.
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The Company may retain a third party to assist it in coordinating and voting proxies with respect to Client securities (which may include the Client's prime broker(s)). If so, the Chief Compliance Officer shall monitor the third party to assure that all proxies are being properly voted and appropriate records are being retained.
Any Company personnel that receives an inquiry directly from an issuer (or its representative) holding a proxy context must promptly notify the Chief Compliance Officer.
Conflicts of Interest
The Chief Compliance Officer, in consultation with the Portfolio Managers, shall be primarily responsible for determining whether a conflict of interest exists in connection with any proxy vote that requires the Company to exercise voting authority over Client securities. Due to the nature of the Company's business and its ownership, it is unlikely that conflicts of interest will arise in voting proxies of public companies and, generally, any Client security. In the event that the Chief Compliance Officer determines that the Company is facing a material conflict of interest in voting a Client's proxy (for example, where an employee of the Company may personally benefit if the proxy is voted in a certain direction), the Company will either disclose the conflict to the Clients and obtain their consent or take other steps designed to ensure that a decision to vote the proxy is based on the Company's determination of the Client's best interest and is not the product of the conflict. In certain instances, such steps may include convening a Proxy Voting Committee, comprised of Company personnel designated from time to time by the Chief Compliance Officer in consultation with Senior Management, shall convene to determine the appropriate vote. If a unanimous decision cannot be reached by the Proxy Voting Committee, a competent third party will be engaged, at the expense of the Company, to determine the vote that will maximize shareholder value or otherwise be in the best interest of the relevant Client. As an added protection, such third party's decision will be binding.
Putative conflicts deemed by the Chief Compliance Officer to be immaterial to a shareholder vote shall not prevent the Company from voting the related proxies.
Disclosure to Clients
The Company will disclose in Part 2A of its Form ADV that Clients and their investors may contact the Chief Compliance Officer to obtain, free of charge, a copy of the Company's proxy voting policies and procedures and/or a record of proxy votes cast since the effective date of the Company's registration with the SEC. A summary of the policies and procedures set out in the Policy also is included in the Company's Private Fund Clients' offering documents and managed account agreements. Part 2A of the Company's Form ADV, as well as the Company's Private Fund Client offering documents and managed account agreements will be updated whenever this Policy is revised materially.
Recordkeeping
In accordance with the recordkeeping requirements of the Advisers Act, the Company will, for a period of at least 5 years from the end of fiscal year in which the record was finalized, maintain or have ready access to the following documents:
(i) a copy of this Policy;
(ii) to the extent practical, a copy of each proxy statement received by the Company regarding securities held on behalf of its Clients;
(iii) to the extent practical, a record of each vote cast by the Company on behalf of its Clients;
(iv) a copy of any documents prepared by the Company that were material to making a decision how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for such decision; and
(v) a copy of each written request received from a Client an investor in such Client as to how the Company voted proxies on its behalf, and a copy of any written response from the Company to any such Client or investor request for information.
To fulfill some of these recordkeeping requirements, the Company may rely on proxy statements filed on EDGAR and proxy statements and records of proxy votes cast that are maintained with a proxy voting service or other third party, provided that the Company has obtained an undertaking from such third party to provide a copy of the documents promptly upon request. The Chief Compliance Officer has delegated many of the requirements of this Policy to the Operations Group.
EXHIBIT
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES FOR THE COMPANY
Each proxy issue will be considered on a case-by-case basis. The following guidelines are a partial list to be used in voting on proposals often contained in proxy statements, but will not be used as rigid rules. The voting policies below are subject to modification in certain circumstances and will be reexamined from time to time. With respect to matters that do not fit in the categories stated below, the Company will exercise its best judgment as a fiduciary to vote in accordance with the best interest of its Clients.
Management Proposals
The majority of votes presented to shareholders are proposals made by management, which have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. For routine matters (which generally means that such matter will not measurably change the structure, management, control or operation of the company and are consistent with customary industry standards and practices, as well as the laws of the state of incorporation applicable to the company), the Company will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company's management, unless, in the Company's opinion, such recommendation is not in the best interest of its Clients. Generally, in the absence of any unusual or non-routine information, the following items are likely to be supported:
Ratification of appointment of independent auditors
General updating/corrective amendments to charter
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Increase in common share authorization for a stock split or share dividend
Stock option plans that are incentive based and not excessive
Election of directors and payment of fees (unless such fees exceed market standards)
Non-routine matters may involve a variety of issues. The following items will always require company specific and case-by-case
review and analysis when submitted by management to a shareholder vote:
Directors' liability and indemnity proposals
Executive compensation plans
Mergers, acquisitions, and other restructurings submitted to a shareholder vote
Anti-takeover and related provisions
Shareholder Proposals
Shareholder Proposals
In general, the Company will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company's board of directors on all shareholder proposals. However, the Company will support shareholder proposals that are consistent with the Company's proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.
Generally, shareholder proposals related to the following items are supported:
Confidential voting
Bylaw and charter amendments only with shareholder approval
Majority of independent directors in a board
Generally, shareholder proposals related to the following items are not supported:
Limitations on the tenure of directors
Cumulative voting
Restrictions related to social, political, or special interest issues that impact the ability of the company to do business or be competitive and that have a significant financial or vested interest impact
Reports that are costly to provide or expenditures that are of a non-business nature or would provide no pertinent information from the perspective of shareholders
Abstaining from Voting or Affirmatively Not Voting
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may abstain from voting (which generally requires submission of the proxy voting card) or decide not to vote if the Company determines that abstaining or not voting is in the best interest of its Client. Factors that may be considered by the Company in making such a determination may include the costs associated with exercising the proxy (e.g., travel or translation costs and the value of Company time) and any legal restrictions on trading resulting from the exercise of a proxy.
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APPENDIX C
Ratings Definitions
Below are summaries of the ratings definitions used by some of the rating organizations. Those ratings represent the opinion of the rating organizations as to the credit quality of the issues that they rate. The summaries are based upon publicly available information provided by the rating organizations.
Ratings of Long-Term Obligations and Preferred Stocks — The Funds utilize ratings provided by rating organizations in order to determine eligibility of long-term obligations. The ratings described in this section may also be used for evaluating the credit quality for preferred stocks.
Credit ratings typically evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of bonds. The rating organizations may fail to update a credit rating on a timely basis to reflect changes in economic or financial conditions that may affect the market value of the security. For these reasons, credit ratings may not be an accurate indicator of the market value of a bond.
The four highest Moody's ratings for long-term obligations (or issuers thereof) are Aaa, Aa, A and Baa. Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk. Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Moody's ratings of Ba, B, Caa, Ca and C are considered below investment grade. Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk. Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. Moody's also appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a "(hyb)" indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.
The four highest Standard & Poor's ratings for long-term obligations are AAA, AA, A and BBB. An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Standard & Poor's ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are considered below investment grade and are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor's expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher. An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. A rating of NR indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
The four highest ratings for long-term obligations by Fitch Ratings are AAA, AA, A and BBB. Obligations rated AAA are deemed to be of the highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events. Obligations rated AA are deemed to be of very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events. Obligations rated A are deemed to be of high credit quality. An A rating denotes expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings. Obligations rated BBB are deemed to be of good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.
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Fitch's ratings of BB, B, CCC, CC, C, RD and D are considered below investment grade or speculative grade. Obligations rated BB are deemed to be speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments. Obligations rated B are deemed to be highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment. Obligations rated CCC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Obligations rated CC indicate, for issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. Obligations rated C indicate exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a 'C' category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of 'RD' or 'D' to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange. Obligations rated RD indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. Obligations rated D indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings' opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business. Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange. "Imminent" default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future. In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
Ratings of Municipal Obligations — Moody's ratings for short-term investment-grade municipal obligations are designated Municipal Investment Grade (MIG or VMIG in the case of variable rate demand obligations) and are divided into three levels — MIG/VMIG 1, MIG/VMIG 2 and MIG/VMIG 3. Factors used in determination of ratings include liquidity of the borrower and short-term cyclical elements. The MIG/VMIG 1 rating denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. The MIG/VMIG 2 rating denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group. The MIG/VMIG 3 rating denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. An SG rating denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Standard & Poor's uses SP-1, SP-2, and SP-3 to rate short-term municipal obligations. A rating of SP-1 denotes a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. A rating of SP-2 denotes a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. A rating of SP-3 denotes a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Ratings of Short-Term Obligations — Moody's short-term ratings, designated as P-1, P-2, P-3, or NP, are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations that generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months. The rating P-1 is the highest short-term rating assigned by Moody's and it denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-2 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations. The rating P-3 denotes an issuer (or supporting institution) that has an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term policyholder claims and obligations. The rating NP denotes an issuer (or supporting institutions) that does not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Standard & Poor's short-term ratings are generally assigned to obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days — including commercial paper. A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the "D" rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
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Fitch Ratings' short-term ratings have a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. A rating of F1 denotes an obligation of the highest credit quality. It indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments and may have an added "+" to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature. A rating of F2 denotes good credit quality. It indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings. A rating of F3 denotes fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade. A rating of B denotes an obligation that is speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. A rating of C denotes a high default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. A rating of RD indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. A rating of D indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
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PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. | Exhibits | ||
(a) | (1) | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, dated March 4, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 225, filed June 30, 2015 (“PEA No. 225”) | |
(2) | Certificates of Designation for American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Fund, American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Crescent High Income Fund, American Beacon Global Evolution Frontier Markets Debt Fund, and American Beacon Ionic Absolute Return Fund are incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 208, filed December 19, 2014 (“PEA No. 208”) | ||
(3) | Certificate of Designation for American Grosvenor Long/Short Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 231, filed October 1, 2015 (“PEA No. 231”) | ||
(4) | Certificates of Designation for American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Sound Point Floating Rate Income Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 239, filed December 23, 2015 (“PEA No. 239”) | ||
(5) | Certificate of Designation for American Beacon Garcia Hamilton Quality Bond Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 253, filed April 1, 2016 (“PEA No. 253”) | ||
(6) | Certificate of Designation for American Beacon GLG Total Return Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 258, filed May 19, 2016 (“PEA No. 258”) | ||
(7) | Certificate of Designation for American Beacon Numeric Integrated Alpha Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 262, filed August 16, 2016 (“PEA No. 262”) | ||
(8) | Certificate of Designation for American Beacon ARK Disruptive Innovation Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266, filed November 9, 2016 (“PEA No. 266”) | ||
(9) | Certificate of Designation for American Beacon Alpha Quant Core Fund, American Beacon Alpha Quant Dividend Fund, American Beacon Alpha Quant Quality Fund, and American Beacon Alpha Quant Value Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 283, filed March 17, 2017 (“PEA No. 283”) | ||
(10) | Certificate of Designation for American Beacon TwentyFour Strategic Income Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 286, filed March 30, 2017 (“PEA No. 286”) | ||
(b) | Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated February 18, 2014, are incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No.184, filed April 29, 2014 (“PEA No. 184”) |
(c) | Rights of holders of the securities being registered are contained in Articles III, VIII, X, XI and XII of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust and Articles III, V, VI and XI of the Registrant’s Bylaws | ||
(d) | (1)(A) | Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated April 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | |
(1)(B) | Amendment to Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated June 23, 2016, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269, filed December 23, 2016 (“PEA No. 269”) | ||
(1)(C) | Second Amendment to Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated November 1, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(1)(D) | Form of Third Amendment to Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated January 27, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 275, filed January 25, 2017 (“PEA No. 275”) | ||
(1)(E) | Fourth Amendment to Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated March 31, 2017 – (filed herewith) | ||
(1)(F) | Management Agreement between American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd. and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(2)(A) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, Inc., dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(B)(i) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC, with respect to the American Beacon Flexible Bond Fund, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(B)(ii) | Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC, with respect to the American Beacon Flexible Bond Fund, dated May 11, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(B)(iii) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC, with respect to the American Beacon Large Cap Value Fund, American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund, and American Beacon Balanced Fund, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 |
(2)(C) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Causeway Capital Management LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(D) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Foundry Partners, LLC, dated June 20, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 262 | ||
(2)(E) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(F) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Lazard Asset Management LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(G) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Pzena Investment Management, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(H) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(I) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(J) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Zebra Capital Management, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(K) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Strategic Income Management, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(L) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Massachusetts Financial Services Company, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(M) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(N) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(O)(i) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc., dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 228 |
(2)(O)(ii) | First Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc., dated January 28, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 245 | ||
(2)(P) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Holland Capital Management LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(Q) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and The London Company of Virginia, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(R) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Acadian Asset Management LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(S) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Sustainable Growth Advisers, LP, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(T) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors Inc., and Global Evolution USA, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(U) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and AHL Partners LLP, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(V) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Bahl & Gaynor, Inc., dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(W) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Crescent Capital Group LP, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(X) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd., American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and AHL Partners LLP, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(Y) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Hillcrest Asset Management, LLC, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(Z) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Ionic Capital Management LLC, dated June 22, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 225 | ||
(2)(AA) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Sound Point Capital Management, L.P., dated December 9, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 237, filed December 9, 2015 (“PEA No. 237”) |
(2)(BB) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and WEDGE Capital Management, L.L.P, dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(2)(CC) | Lead Investment Advisory Agreement between American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., dated September 21, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(DD) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Advisors, Inc., Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., and Basswood Capital Management, LLC, dated September 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(EE) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Advisors, Inc., Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., and Impala Asset Management, dated September 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(FF) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Advisors, Inc., Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., and Incline Global Management, LLC, dated September 29, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(GG) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Advisors, Inc., Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., and Passport Capital LLC, dated September 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(HH) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Advisors, Inc., Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., and Pine River Capital Management LP, dated September 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(II) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Advisors, Inc., Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., and River Canyon Fund Management LLC, dated September 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(JJ) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Advisors, Inc., Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., and Tremblant Capital Group, dated September 28, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(KK) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Payden & Rygel, dated August 13, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 234, filed October 27, 2015 (“PEA No. 234”) | ||
(2)(LL) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Garcia Hamilton & Associates, L.P., dated March 29, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 |
(2)(MM) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and GLG LLC, dated May 1, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(2)(NN) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Numeric Investors LLC, dated October 27, 2016, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264, filed October 28, 2016 (“PEA No. 264”) | ||
(2)(OO) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and ARK Investment Management LLC, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 275 | ||
(2)(PP) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 283 | ||
(2)(QQ) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and TwentyFour Asset Management (US) LP, dated April 3, 2017, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 286 | ||
(2)(RR) | Investment Advisory Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc., and IPM Informed Portfolio Management AB – (to be filed by amendment) | ||
(e) | (1) | Form of Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Mileage Funds, American Beacon Select Funds, and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, dated March 31, 2009, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 75, filed May 1, 2009 (“PEA No. 75”) | |
(2) | Fifteenth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds, and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, dated March 22, 2017 – (filed herewith) | ||
(3) | Sixteenth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds, and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, dated March 30, 2017 – (filed herewith) | ||
(f) | Bonus, profit sharing or pension plans – (none) | ||
(g) | (1) | Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated December 1, 1997, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24, filed February 26, 1998 (“PEA No. 24”) | |
(2) | Amended and Restated Schedule D to the Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, effective as of January 18, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 178, filed February 28, 2017 (“PEA No. 178”) | ||
(h) | (1)(A) | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated January 1, 1998, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 24 |
(1)(B) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement regarding anti-money laundering procedures, dated September 24, 2002, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42, filed February 28, 2003 (“PEA No. 42”) | ||
(1)(C) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement to replace fee schedule, dated March 26, 2004, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 64, filed March 1, 2007 (“PEA No. 64”) | ||
(1)(D) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated October 26, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(1)(E) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated January 24, 2017, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(2)(A) | Securities Lending Agency Agreement between the American Beacon Funds and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., dated March 15, 2008, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 97, filed December 30, 2010 (“PEA No. 97”) | ||
(2)(B) | First Amendment to the Securities Lending Agency Agreement, dated May 2, 2008, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 97 | ||
(2)(C) | Second Amendment to the Securities Lending Agency Agreement, dated May 20, 2009, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 97 | ||
(2)(D) | Third Amendment to the Securities Lending Agency Agreement, dated November 3, 2009, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 97 | ||
(3) | Administration Agreement between American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd. and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated April 30, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(4)(A) | Administrative Services Agreement among American AAdvantage Funds, American AAdvantage Mileage Funds, AMR Investment Services Trust, AMR Investment Services, Inc., and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated November 29, 1999, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28, filed December 21, 1999 | ||
(4)(B) | Amendment to Administrative Services Agreement among American AAdvantage Funds, American AAdvantage Mileage Funds, AMR Investment Services Trust, AMR Investment Services, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated June 30, 2004, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 50, filed June 30, 2004 (“PEA No. 50”) | ||
(5)(A) | Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Master Trust, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated March 1, 2005, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 97 | ||
(5)(B) | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Master Trust, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated December 7, 2010, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 97 |
(5)(C) | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Master Trust, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated February 3, 2012, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129, filed February 2, 2012 (“PEA No. 129”) | ||
(5)(D) | Seventh Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated August 28, 2013, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 166, filed September 20, 2013 (“PEA No. 166”) | ||
(5)(E) | Eighth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated July 7, 2014, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 203, filed August 19, 2014 (“PEA No. 203”) | ||
(5)(F) | Ninth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Administrative Services Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Advisors, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated February 11, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(6) | Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds Investor Class, dated March 6, 2009, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77, filed August 3, 2009 (“PEA No. 77”) | ||
(7) | Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds Advisor Class (formerly known as the AAdvantage Funds Service Class), dated May 1, 2003, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No.45, filed May 1, 2003 (“PEA No. 45”) | ||
(8)(A) | Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds Y Class, dated July 24, 2009, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 77 | ||
(8)(B) | Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds Y Class, dated October 21, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(9)(A) | Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds A Class, dated February 16, 2010, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No.84, filed March 16, 2010 (“PEA No. 84”) | ||
(9)(B) | Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds A Class, dated October 21, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(10)(A) | Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds C Class, dated May 25, 2010, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 90, filed June 15, 2010 (“PEA No. 90”) | ||
(10)(B) | Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Service Plan Agreement for the American Beacon Funds C Class, dated October 21, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 |
(11) | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated January 31, 2008, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70, filed February 29, 2008 (“PEA No. 70”) | ||
(12)(A) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for the American Beacon Acadian Emerging Markets Managed Volatility Fund, dated August 9, 2013, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 166 | ||
(12)(B) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for the American Beacon SGA Global Growth Fund, dated August 9, 2013, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168, filed October 3, 2013 | ||
(12)(C) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for the American Beacon Global Evolution Frontier Markets Income Fund, dated November 12, 2013, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, filed November 19, 2013 (“PEA No. 171”) | ||
(12)(D) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated December 19, 2013, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 173, filed December 27, 2013 (“PEA No. 173”) | ||
(12)(E) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated February 14, 2014, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 181, filed February 28, 2014 (“PEA No. 181”) | ||
(12)(F) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated March 28, 2014, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 185, filed April 29, 2014 | ||
(12)(G) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for the American Beacon Crescent Short Duration High Income Fund, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 196, filed July 7, 2014 (“PEA No. 196”) | ||
(12)(H) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated July 1, 2014, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 203 | ||
(12)(I) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated November 13, 2014, is incorporated by reference to PEA 208 | ||
(12)(J) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated January 23, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 213, filed February 27, 2015 (“PEA No. 213”) | ||
(12)(K) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund, dated June 3, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 225 | ||
(12)(L) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated February 28, 2017 - (filed herewith) |
(12)(M) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated May 17, 2016, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 259, filed May 26, 2016 (“PEA No. 259”) | ||
(12)(N) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund, dated May 15, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(12)(O) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Sound Point Floating Rate Income Fund, dated November 10, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 237 | ||
(12)(P) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Zebra Small Cap Equity Fund, American Beacon SiM High Yield Opportunities Fund and American Beacon Flexible Bond Fund, dated November 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(12)(Q) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Garcia Hamilton Quality Bond Fund, dated March 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 253 | ||
(12)(R) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, dated November 10, 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 245 | ||
(12)(S) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon GLG Total Return Fund, dated March 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(12)(T) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Numeric Integrated Alpha Fund, dated October 27, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 264 | ||
(12)(U) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon ARK Disruptive Innovation Fund is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 275 | ||
(12)(V) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon Alpha Quant Core Fund, American Beacon Alpha Quant Dividend Fund, American Beacon Alpha Quant Quality Fund, and American Beacon Alpha Quant Value Fund, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 283 | ||
(12)(W) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon TwentyFour Strategic Income Fund, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 286 | ||
(12)(X) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for American Beacon IPM Systematic Macro Fund – (to be filed by amendment) | ||
(i) | Opinion and consent of counsel – (filed herewith) | ||
(j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – (filed herewith) | ||
(k) | Financial statements omitted from prospectus – (none) |
(l) | Letter of investment intent, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 23, filed December 18, 1997 (“PEA No. 23”) | ||
(m) | (1) | Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for the Advisor Class (formerly known as the Service Class), is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 45 | |
(2)(A) | Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for the A Class, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 filed May 17, 2010 | ||
(2)(B) | Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for the A Class, dated October 21, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(3)(A) | Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for the C Class, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 90 | ||
(3)(B) | Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for the C Class, dated October 25, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(n) | Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3, dated November 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(p) | (1) | Code of Ethics of American Beacon Advisors, Inc., American Beacon Funds, and American Beacon Select Funds, dated February 18, 2014, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 181 | |
(2) | Code of Ethics of Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, Inc., dated December 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(3) | Code of Ethics of Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC, dated January 2017, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(4) | Code of Ethics of Causeway Capital Management LLC, dated April 25, 2005 and revised June 30, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(5) | Code of Ethics of Foundry Partners, LLC, dated July 10, 2013, and amended December 20, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(6) | Code of Ethics of Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC, dated December 2013, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 181 | ||
(7) | Code of Ethics and Personal Investment Policy of Lazard Asset Management LLC, dated March 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(8) | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, revised July 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(9) | Code of Ethics and Policy Statement on Insider Trading of Franklin Templeton, parent company of Templeton Investments Counsel, LLC, dated May 2013, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 171 | ||
(10) | Code of Conduct and Personal Securities Trading Policy of The Bank of New York Mellon, parent company of The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC, dated June 22, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 |
(11) | Code of Ethics of Zebra Capital Management, LLC, dated August 22, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(12) | Code of Ethics for Strategic Income Management, LLC, dated January 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(13) | Code of Ethics of Massachusetts Financial Services Co., dated October 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 178 | ||
(14) | Code of Ethics of Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO), dated May 2009, as revised August 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(15) | Code of Ethics for Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC, dated August 2015 - (filed herewith) | ||
(16) | Code of Ethics for Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc., dated October 18, 2016 - (filed herewith) | ||
(17) | Code of Ethics and Conduct for Holland Capital Management LLC, dated September 2016 - (filed herewith) | ||
(18) | Code of Ethics for The London Company of Virginia, LLC, dated January 4, 2016, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 269 | ||
(19) | Code of Ethics for Sustainable Growth Advisers, LP, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, filed July 11, 2013 | ||
(20) | Code of Ethics for Acadian Asset Management LLC, dated February 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219, filed May 29, 2015 | ||
(21) | Code of Ethics for Global Evolution USA, LLC, dated December 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 258 | ||
(22) | Code of Ethics for AHL Partners LLP, GLG LLC and Numeric Investors LLC, revised May 2015, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, filed February 17, 2016 | ||
(23) | Code of Ethics for Bahl & Gaynor, Inc., amended April 1, 2016 - (filed herewith) | ||
(24) | Code of Ethics for Crescent Capital Group LP, dated May 2011, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 196 | ||
(25) | Code of Ethics for Hillcrest Asset Management, LLC, dated July 8, 2014 is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 208 | ||
(26) | Code of Ethics for Ionic Capital Management LLC, dated September 2016 - (filed herewith) | ||
(27) | Code of Ethics for Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P., dated June 27, 2014, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(28) | Code of Ethics for Basswood Capital Management, LLC, dated August 2015, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 | ||
(29) | Code of Ethics for Impala Asset Management, dated November 14, 2013, is incorporated by reference to PEA No. 231 |
Item 29. | Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant |
None.
Item 30. | Indemnification |
Article XI of the Declaration of Trust of the Trust provides that:
Limitation of Liability
Section 1 . Provided they have exercised reasonable care and have acted under the reasonable belief that their actions are in the best interest of the Trust, the Trustees shall not be responsible for or liable in any event for neglect or wrongdoing of them or any officer, agent, employee or investment adviser of the Trust, but nothing contained herein shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Indemnification
Section 2 .
(a) Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in paragraph (b) below:
(i) | every person who is, or has been, a Trustee or officer of the Trust (hereinafter referred to as "Covered Person") shall be indemnified by the appropriate portfolios to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his being or having been a Trustee or officer and against amounts paid or incurred by him in the settlement thereof; |
(ii) | the words "claim," "action," "suit," or "proceeding" shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings (civil, criminal or other, including appeals), actual or threatened while in office or thereafter, and the words "liability" and "expenses" shall include, without limitation, attorneys' fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities. |
(b) No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered Person:
(i) | who shall have been adjudicated by a court or body before which the proceeding was brought (A) to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office or (B) not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interest of the Trust; or |
(ii) | in the event of a settlement, unless there has been a determination that such Trustee or officer did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office (A) by the court or other body approving the settlement; (B) by at least a majority of those Trustees who are neither interested persons of the Trust nor are parties to the matter based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry); or (C) by written opinion of independent legal counsel based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry); provided, however, that any Shareholder may, by appropriate legal proceedings, challenge any such determination by the Trustees, or by independent counsel. |
(c) The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust, shall be severable, shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such Trustee or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel, other than Trustees and officers, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.
(d) Expenses in connection with the preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit, or proceeding of the character described in paragraph (a) of this Section 2 may be paid by the applicable Portfolio from time to time prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person that such amount will be paid over by him to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification under this Section 2; provided, however, that:
(i) | such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking; |
(ii) | the Trust is insured against losses arising out of any such advance payments; or |
(iii) | either a majority of the Trustees who are neither interested persons of the Trust nor parties to the matter, or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a trial-type inquiry or full investigation), that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this Section 2. |
According to Article XII, Section 1 of the Declaration of Trust, the Trust is a trust, not a partnership. Trustees are not liable personally to any person extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust, a particular Portfolio or the Trustees. A Trustee, however, is not protected from liability due to willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Article XII, Section 2 provides that, subject to the provisions of Section 1 of Article XII and to Article XI, the Trustees are not liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, or for any act or omission in accordance with advice of counsel or other experts or for failing to follow such advice.
Numbered Paragraph 10 of the Management Agreement provides that:
10. Limitation of Liability of the Manager . The Manager shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by a Trust or any Fund in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relate except a loss resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under this Agreement. Any person, even though also an officer, partner, employee, or agent of the Manager, who may be or become an officer, Board member, employee or agent of a Trust shall be deemed, when rendering services to a Trust or acting in any business of a Trust, to be rendering such services to or acting solely for a Trust and not as an officer, partner, employee, or agent or one under the control or direction of the Manager even though paid by it. The U.S. federal and state securities laws impose liabilities on persons who act in good faith, and, therefore, nothing in this Agreement is intended to limit the obligations of the Manager under such laws. This Paragraph 10 does not in any manner preempt any separate written indemnification commitments made by the Manager with respect to any matters encompassed by this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Acadian Asset Management LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with AHL Partners LLP provides, in relevant part, that:
9. Liability . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders, the Manager or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities or commodities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement, relating to its trading activities or information provided to the Manager regarding the Adviser, by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The U.S. federal and state securities laws impose liabilities on persons who act in good faith, and therefore, nothing in this Agreement is intended to limit the obligations of the Adviser under such laws.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC provides, in relevant part, that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with ARK Investment Management LLC provides, in relevant part, that:
9. Liability of the Parties . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person of the Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act (“Affiliated Person”), and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager (“Controlling Person”), against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such Affiliated Person or Controlling Person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust or the Funds that may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any Affiliate Person acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Adviser, any Affiliated Person of the Adviser, and each Controlling Person of the Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Adviser or its Affiliated Persons or Controlling Person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Manager’s responsibilities to the Trust or the Funds that may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard by the Manager or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any Affiliated Person acting on behalf of the Manager of the Manager’s obligations and/or duties under its agreements with the Trust or the Funds. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Bahl & Gaynor, Inc. provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Straus, Inc. provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 16 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Basswood Capital Management, LLC provides that:
16. Liability and Indemnification by Parties .
A. | The Underlying Adviser shall have no liability to the Manager, Lead Adviser, the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Underlying Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Trust, the Manager or the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Underlying Adviser’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Underlying Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Underlying Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Underlying Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust by the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
B. | The Lead Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Lead Adviser’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Lead Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Lead Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Lead Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Lead Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Lead Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Lead Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Manager’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Manager or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Manager or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Manager or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was not made in reliance upon information furnished to the Manager by the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
D. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any Claim for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
E. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential, special or punitive damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 11 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC provides that:
11. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders
or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which
occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its
duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders, the Manager or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Manager shall indemnify the Adviser, its officers, directors and employees, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, controls the Adviser, for any liability and expenses, including without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, which may be sustained as a result of the Manager’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, reckless disregard of its duties hereunder.
Numbered Paragraph 8 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Causeway Capital Management LLC provides that:
8. Liability of Adviser . No provision of this Agreement shall be deemed to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Crescent Capital Group LP provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . Neither the Adviser nor any director, officer or employee of the Adviser performing services for the Trust in connection with the Adviser’s discharge of its obligations hereunder shall have liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Foundry Partners, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . No provision of this Agreement shall be deemed to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Garcia Hamilton & Associates, L.P. provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with GLG LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Global Evolution USA, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraphs 10 and 11 of the Lead Investment Advisory Agreement with Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P . provide that:
10. Liability of the Lead Adviser . In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations or duties hereunder on the part of the Lead Adviser, the Lead Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, the Funds or to any shareholder of the Funds or any third party for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any investment by a Fund.
11. Indemnification
A. | The Lead Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Manager, any affiliated person of the Manager within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager or Trust, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses) (collectively, “Claims”), to which the Manager or Trust or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Lead Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its duties under this Agreement in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement provided, however, that the Lead Adviser’s obligation under this Section 11A shall be reduced to the extent that such Claim is caused by or is otherwise directly related to (i) any material breach by the Manager of its representations or warranties made herein, (ii) any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the Manager, its affiliated person or controlling person in the performance of any of its or their duties or obligations hereunder, or (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the registration statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Manager that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Manager or the Trust by the Lead Adviser. The indemnification in this Section 11A shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
B. | The Manager shall indemnify and hold harmless the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses) (collectively, “Claims”), to which the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Manager’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its duties under this Agreement in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement provided, however, that the Manager’s obligation under this Section 11B shall be reduced to the extent that such Claim is caused by or is otherwise directly related to (i) any material breach by the Lead Adviser of its representations or warranties made herein, (ii) any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the Lead Adviser, its affiliated person or controlling person in the performance of any of its or their duties or obligations hereunder, or (iii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the registration statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Lead Adviser that was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Lead Adviser by the Manager. The indemnification in this Section 11B shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any Claim for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
D. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Hillcrest Asset Management, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Holland Capital Management LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . No provision of this Agreement shall be deemed to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 14 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Impala Asset Management provides that:
14. Liability and Indemnification by Parties .
A. | The Underlying Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Underlying Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Trust, the Manager or the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Underlying Adviser’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Underlying Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Underlying Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Underlying Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust by the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
B. | The Lead Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Lead Adviser’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Lead Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Lead Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Lead Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Lead Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Lead Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Lead Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Manager’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Manager or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Manager or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Manager or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was not made in reliance upon information furnished to the Manager by the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
D. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any Claim for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
E. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 14 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Incline Global Management, LLC provides that:
14. Liability and Indemnification by Parties .
A. | The Underlying Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Underlying Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Trust, the Manager or the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Underlying Adviser’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Underlying Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Underlying Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Underlying Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust by the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Underlying Adviser for use therein (and not superseded by revisions provided to Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust prior to the publication of the relevant document or communication). The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
B. | The Lead Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Lead Adviser’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Lead Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Lead Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Lead Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Lead Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Lead Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Lead Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Manager’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Manager or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Manager or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Manager or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was not made in reliance upon information furnished to the Manager by the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
D. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any Claim for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
E. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 8 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Lazard Asset Management LLC provides that:
8. Liability of Adviser . No provision of this Agreement shall be deemed to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Massachusetts Financial Services Co. provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any other third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Form of Investment Advisory Agreement with Numeric Investors LLC provides that:
9. Liability . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders, the Manager or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement, relating to its trading activities or information provided to the Manager regarding the Adviser, by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The U.S. federal and state securities laws impose liabilities on persons who act in good faith, and therefore, nothing in this Agreement is intended to limit the obligations of the Adviser under such laws.
Neither the Manager nor the Trust shall have any liability to the Adviser or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Manager and the Trust agree to indemnify and hold harmless, the Adviser against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Adviser may become subject under the securities or commodities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Manager’s or the Trust’s responsibilities to the Adviser which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Manager’s or the Trust’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by either of the Manager or the Trust or by any of their directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of either.
The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 8 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Pacific Investment Management Company LLC provides that:
8. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 17 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Passport Capital LLC provides that:
17. Liability and Indemnification by Parties .
A. | Except as otherwise provided within this Agreement, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of Underlying Adviser’s obligations and duties hereunder (“Disabling Conduct”) on the part of Underlying Adviser, none of Underlying Adviser, its affiliated persons within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, officers, directors, members, agents, employees or controlling persons shall be subject to liability to the Manager, the Lead Adviser, the Trust or any third party, including shareholders, for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security by the Funds. |
B. | The Underlying Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, their officers, directors, members, agents, employees and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Trust, the Manager or the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Disabling Conduct of the Underlying Adviser or its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Underlying Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Underlying Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact pertaining thereto which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished in writing to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust by the Underlying Adviser for use therein. The Underlying Adviser shall have no liability or responsibility with respect to other disclosures or statements or omissions. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | The Lead Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, its officers, directors, members, agents, employees and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Disabling Conduct of the Lead Adviser or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Lead Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Lead Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Lead Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Lead Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
D. | The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, its officers, directors, members, agents, employees and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Investment Company Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of this agreement, except to the extent such claims are determined by a non-appealable final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to result from the Underlying Adviser’s Disabling Conduct or the matters described in Section 17(B). The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
E. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any Claim for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights or reputation of the Indemnified Party. |
F. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Payden & Rygel provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 15 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Pine River Capital Management LP provides that:
15. Liability and Indemnification by Parties .
A. | Neither the Underlying Adviser, nor any of its directors, officers, members, partners, employees, supervised persons, or affiliated persons (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act), nor any person who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underling Adviser (collectively, the “Underlying Adviser Affiliates”) shall have any liability to the Trust, its shareholders, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, any person who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Trust, the Manager or the Lead Adviser or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, that the Underlying Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Trust, the Manager or the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses, the “Losses”), to which the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Underlying Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Underlying Adviser or by any of the Underlying Adviser Affiliates acting on behalf of the Underlying Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Underlying Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust by the Underlying Adviser or any Underlying Adviser Affiliate for use therein and not superseded by revisions furnished to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust by the Underlying Adviser or any Underlying Adviser Affiliate prior to the publication of the relevant document or communication. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
B. | The Lead Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser and any of the Underlying Adviser Affiliates, against any and all Losses to which the Underlying Adviser or an Underlying Adviser Affiliate may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Lead Adviser’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Lead Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement or the Lead Adviser Management Agreement by the Lead Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, partners, employees, supervised persons, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Lead Adviser; (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Lead Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Lead Adviser or any of its directors, officers, partners, employees, supervised persons, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Lead Adviser for use therein; or (iii) the conduct of any other underlying adviser to a Fund. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser and any of the Underlying Adviser Affiliates, against any and all Losses to which the Underlying Adviser or an Underlying Adviser Affiliate may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Manager’s, willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Manager’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement or the Investment Management Agreement by the Manager or by any of its directors, officers, employees, supervised persons, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Manager; (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Manager or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was not made in reliance upon information furnished to the Manager by the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent, supervised person or employee of the Lead Adviser or any Underlying Adviser Affiliate for use therein, or (iii) the conduct of any other underlying adviser to a Fund. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
D. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any claim for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
E. | No party will be liable to another party for lost profits under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Pzena Investment Management, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in its reasonable judgment, in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Agreement, or in accordance with (or in the absence of) specific directions or instructions from the Manager. No provision of this Agreement shall be deemed to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 14 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with River Canyon Fund Management LLC provides that:
14. Liability and Indemnification by Parties .
A. | The Underlying Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party for any error of judgment or any loss arising out of any investment or other act or omission in the course of, connected with, or arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Underlying Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Trust, the Manager or the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Trust, the Manager, the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Underlying Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Underlying Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Underlying Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Underlying Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but only if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Trust by the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
B. | The Lead Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Lead Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Lead Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Lead Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Lead Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Lead Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Lead Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Lead Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Manager’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Manager’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Manager or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Manager or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Funds or the Manager or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was not made in reliance upon information furnished to the Manager by the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of the Lead Adviser or the Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
D. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any Claim for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
E. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Sound Point Capital Management, L.P. provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, any affiliated person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, and each person, if any, who, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, controls the Manager, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Strategic Income Management, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any other third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Sustainable Growth Advisers, LP provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 8 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC provides that:
8. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 8 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC provides that:
8. Liability of Adviser . No provision of this Agreement shall be deemed to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with The London Company of Virginia, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 15 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Tremblant Capital LP provides that:
15. Liability and Indemnification by Parties .
A. | The Underlying Adviser, and its officers, members, partners and employees, shall have no liability to the Manager, the Lead Adviser, the Fund, Fund shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, except that the Underlying Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Fund, the Manager, the Lead Adviser, any affiliated person of the Manager or the Lead Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, or any controlling person within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act of the Fund, the Manager or the Lead Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Fund, the Manager, the Lead Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of (i) the Underlying Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Underlying Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Underlying Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Underlying Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus and/or proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Allocated Portion or the Underlying Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact that was known, or should have been known, to the Underlying Adviser which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Lead Adviser, the Manager or the Fund by the Underlying Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Underlying Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
B. | The Lead Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, or any controlling person within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act of the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), incurred by the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person arising out of (i) the Lead Adviser’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Lead Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Lead Adviser or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, and/or proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Fund or the Lead Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Lead Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of Lead Adviser for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
C. | The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underlying Adviser, any affiliated person of the Underlying Adviser within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act, or any controlling person, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, of the Underlying Adviser, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), incurred by the Underlying Adviser or such affiliated person or controlling person arising out of (i) the Manager’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the Manager’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Manager or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Manager or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, and/or proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Fund or the Manager or the omission to state therein a material fact which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by Manager or any director, officer, agent or employee of the Manager for use therein. The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |
D. | A party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will (i) provide prompt notice to the other of any claim for indemnification (“Claim”) for which it intends to seek indemnification, (ii) grant control of the defense and/or settlement of the Claim to the other party, and (iii) cooperate with the other party in the defense thereof. The Indemnified Party will have the right at its own expense to participate in the defense of any Claim, but will not have the right to control the defense, consent to judgment or agree to the settlement of any Claim without the written consent of the other party. The party providing the indemnification will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter any settlement which (i) does not include, as an unconditional term, the release by the claimant of all liabilities for Claims against the Indemnified Party or (ii) which otherwise adversely affects the rights of the Indemnified Party. |
E. | No party will be liable to another party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement. |
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with TwentyFour Asset Management (US) LP provides that:
9. Liability . The Adviser, including its officers, directors, employees and agents shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Manager, its officers, directors, employees and agents (each such person, a “Manager Indemnified Persons”) against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and related expenses) (“Losses”), to which a Manager Indemnified Persons may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Adviser’s responsibilities to the Trust which may be based upon any willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence, or reckless disregard of, the Adviser’s obligations and/or duties under this Agreement by the Adviser or by any of its directors, officers, employees, agents, or any affiliate acting on behalf of the Adviser, provided, however that the Manager’s obligation under this paragraph 9 shall be reduced to the extent that the Losses experienced by a Manager Indemnified Person are caused by or are otherwise directly related to a Manager Indemnified Person’s own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.
The Manager, including its officers, directors, employees and agents shall have no liability to the Adviser, its shareholders or any third party arising out of or related to this Agreement, provided however, the Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, the Adviser, its officers, directors, employees and agents (each such person, an “Adviser Indemnified Persons”) against any and all Losses, to which an Adviser Indemnified Persons may become subject under the securities laws, any other federal or state law, at common law or otherwise, arising out of the Manager’s responsibilities to the Trust, its shareholders or any third party, provided, however that the Manager’s obligation under this paragraph 9 shall be reduced to the extent that the Losses experienced by an Adviser Indemnified Person are caused by or are otherwise directly related to an Adviser Indemnified Person’s own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the Adviser nor the Manager will be liable for any indirect, special, incidental or consequential damage.
The indemnification in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
Numbered Paragraph 9 of the Investment Advisory Agreement with Zebra Capital Management, LLC provides that:
9. Liability of Adviser . The Adviser shall have no liability to the Trust, its shareholders or any other third party arising out of or related to this Agreement except with respect to claims which occur due to any willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.
Section 4.2 of the Distribution Agreement provides that:
(a) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Foreside shall not be responsible for, and the Clients shall on behalf of each applicable Fund or Class thereof, indemnify and hold harmless Foreside, its employees, directors, officers and managers and any person who controls Foreside within the meaning of section 15 of the Securities Act or section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (for purposes of this Section 4.2(a), "Foreside Indemnitees") from and against, any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, liabilities and other expenses of every nature and character (including, but not limited to, direct and indirect reasonable reprocessing costs) arising out of or attributable to all and any of the following (for purposes of this Section 4.2(a), a "Foreside Claim"):
(i) any action (or omission to act) of Foreside or its agents taken in connection with this Agreement; provided, that such action (or omission to act) is taken in good faith and without willful misfeasance, negligence or reckless disregard by Foreside of its duties and obligations under this Agreement;
(ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or arising out of or based upon any alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Clients in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement or exhibits to the Registration Statement by or on behalf of Foreside;
(iii) any material breach of the Clients' agreements, representations, warranties, and covenants in Sections 2.9 and 5.2 of this Agreement; or
(iv) the reliance on or use by Foreside or its agents or subcontractors of information, records, documents or services which have been prepared, maintained or performed by the Clients or any agent of the Clients, including but not limited to any Predecessor Records provided pursuant to Section 2.9(b).
(b) Foreside will indemnify, defend and hold the Clients and their several officers and members of their Governing Bodies and any person who controls the Clients within the meaning of section 15 of the Securities Act or section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (collectively, the "Clients Indemnitees" and, with the Foreside Indemnitees, an "Indemnitee"), free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, actions, suits, judgments, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees and other expenses of every nature and character (including the cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands, actions, suits or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith), but only to the extent that such claims, demands, actions, suits, judgments, liabilities, losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees and other expenses result from, arise out of or are based upon all and any of the following (for purposes of this Section 4.2(c), a "Clients Claim" and, with a Foreside Claim, a "Claim"):
(i) any material action (or omission to act) of Foreside or its agents taken in connection with this Agreement, provided that such action (or omission to act) is not taken in good faith and with willful misfeasance, negligence or reckless disregard by Foreside of its duties and obligations under this Agreement.
(ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Clients in writing in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement by or on behalf of Foreside; or
(iii) any material breach of Foreside's agreements, representations, warranties and covenants set forth in Section 2.4 and 5.1 hereof
(d) The Clients or Foreside (for purpose of this Section 4.2(d), an "Indemnifying Party") may assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any Foreside Claim or Clients Claim, respectively, and may retain counsel chosen by the Indemnifying Party and approved by the other Party, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Indemnifying Party shall advise the other Party that it will assume the defense of the suit and retain counsel within ten (10) days of receipt of the notice of the claim. If the Indemnifying Party assumes the defense of any such suit and retains counsel, the other Party shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel that they retain. If the Indemnifying Party does not assume the defense of any such suit, or if other Party does not approve of counsel chosen by the Indemnifying Party, or if the other Party has been advised that it may have available defenses or claims that are not available to or conflict with those available to the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party will reimburse any Indemnitee named as defendant in such suit for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel that the Indemnitee retains. An Indemnitee shall not settle or confess any claim without the prior written consent of the applicable Client, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
(e) An Indemnifying Party's obligation to provide indemnification under this section is conditioned upon the Indemnifying Party receiving notice of any action brought against an Indemnitee within twenty (20) days after the summons or other first legal process is served. Such notice shall refer to the Person or Persons against whom the action is brought. The failure to provide such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of any liability that it may have to any Indemnitee except to the extent that the ability of the party entitled to such notice to defend such action has been materially adversely affected by the failure to provide notice.
(f) The provisions of this section and the parties' representations and warranties in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Indemnitee and shall survive the sale and redemption of any Shares made pursuant to subscriptions obtained by Foreside. The indemnification provisions of this section will inure exclusively to the benefit of each person that may be an Indemnitee at any time and their respective successors and assigns (it being intended that such persons be deemed to be third party beneficiaries under this Agreement).
Section 4.3 of the Distribution Agreement provides that:
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, except as specifically set forth below:
(a) Neither Party shall be liable for losses, delays, failure, errors, interruption or loss of data occurring directly or indirectly by reason of circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; action or inaction of civil or military authority; public enemy; war; terrorism; riot; fire; flood; sabotage; epidemics; labor disputes; civil commotion; interruption, loss or malfunction of utilities, transportation, computer or communications capabilities; insurrection; or elements of nature;
(b) Neither Party shall be liable for any consequential, special or indirect losses or damages suffered by the other Party, whether or not the likelihood of such losses or damages was known by the Party;
(c) No affiliate, director, officer, employee, manager, shareholder, partner, agent, counsel or consultant of either Party shall be liable at law or in equity for the obligations of such Party under this Agreement or for any damages suffered by the other Party related to this Agreement;
(d) Except as set forth in Section 4.2(f), there are no third party beneficiaries of this Agreement;
(e) Each Party shall have a duty to mitigate damages for which the other Party may become responsible;
(f) The assets and liabilities of each Fund are separate and distinct from the assets and liabilities of each other Fund, and no Fund shall be liable or shall be charged for any debt, obligation or liability of any other Fund, whether arising under this Agreement or otherwise; and in asserting any rights or claims under this Agreement, Foreside shall look only to the assets and property of the Fund to which Foreside's rights or claims relate in settlement of such rights or claims; and
(g) Each Party agrees promptly to notify the other party of the commencement of any litigation or proceeding of which it becomes aware arising out of or in any way connected with the issuance or sale of Shares.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Supplemental Limited Indemnification from the Manager
ABA shall indemnify and hold harmless Indemnitee, in his or her individual capacity, from and against any cost, asserted claim, liability or expense, including reasonable legal fees (collectively, “Liability”) based upon or arising out of (i) any duty of ABA under the Management Agreement (including ABA’s failure or omission to perform such duty), and (ii) any liability or claim against Indemnitee arising pursuant to Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Rule 10b-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any similar or related federal, state or common law statutes, rules or interpretations. ABA’s indemnification obligations under this Letter Agreement shall be limited to civil and administrative claims or proceedings.
Item 31. |
I. | Business and Other Connections of Investment Manager |
American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (the “Manager”) offers investment management and administrative services to the Registrant. It acts in the same capacity to other investment companies, including those listed below.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of American Beacon Advisors, Inc. is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with American Beacon Advisors, Inc. | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Sonia L. Bates; Asst. Treasurer, Dir. Tax & Financial Reporting | Asst. Treasurer, American Beacon Funds Complex; Asst. Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc.; Asst. Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc.; Asst. Treasurer, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C.; Asst. Treasurer, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. |
Rosemary K. Behan; Secretary | Secretary, American Beacon Funds Complex; Secretary, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc.; Secretary, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc.; Secretary, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C.; Secretary, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd.; Secretary, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. |
Christopher L. Collins; Director | Manager; APEM, L.L.C.; Director; ABA, Inc.; President and Director; Resolute Investment Managers, Inc.; President and Director; Resolute Acquisition, Inc.; President and Director; Resolute Topco, Inc.; Vice President and Director; Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC. |
Stephen C. Dutton; Director | Manager; APEM, L.L.C.; Vice President & Treasurer and Director; Resolute Investment Managers, Inc., Vice President & Treasurer and Director; Resolute Acquisition, Inc., Vice President & Treasurer and Director; Resolute Topco, Inc., Vice President and Director; Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC. |
Melinda G. Heika; Treasurer | Treasurer, American Beacon Funds Complex; Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc.; Treasurer, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc.; Treasurer, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C.; Director and Treasurer, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd.; Treasurer, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc. |
Takashi B. Moriuchi; Director | Manager; APEM, L.L.C.; Director; Resolute Investment Managers, Inc., Director; Resolute Acquisition, Inc., Director; Resolute Topco, Inc., Director; Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC. |
Gene L. Needles, Jr.; Director, President and Chief Executive Officer | President, American Beacon Funds Complex; Director, President, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc.; President, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc.; Manager, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C.; President, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd.; Director, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc.; Director, Resolute Acquisition, Inc.; Director, Resolute Topco, Inc., President & CEO, Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC. |
Jeffrey K. Ringdahl; Chief Operating Officer | Senior Vice President, American Beacon Funds Complex; Senior Vice President, Lighthouse Holdings, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc.; Vice President, American Private Equity Management; Director and Vice President, American Beacon Cayman Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Ltd.; Director, Resolute Investment Managers, Inc.; Director, Resolute Acquisition, Inc.; Director, Resolute Topco, Inc., Chief Operating Officer, Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC. |
The principal address of the Manager, the American Beacon Funds, American Private Equity Management, L.L.C., and Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC, and Lighthouse Holdings Parent, Inc. is 220 East Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039.
II. Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers
The investment advisers listed below provide investment advisory services to the Trust.
American Beacon Advisors, Inc. , 220 East Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039.
Acadian Asset Management LLC (“Acadian”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-adviser for the American Beacon Acadian Emerging Markets Managed Volatility Fund. The principal address of Acadian is 260 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 02110.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Acadian is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Christopher Hadley; Member of Board of Managers | Executive Vice President and Chief Talent Officer – OM Asset Management PLC (a public company traded on the NYSE); Executive Vice President and Chief Talent Officer – OMAM Inc. (f/k/a Old Mutual (US) Holdings Inc.) (a holding company); Director, Acadian Asset Management LLC (an investment advisor) |
Aidan Riordan; Member of Board of Managers | Executive Vice President, Head of Affiliate Management - OM Asset Management PLC (a public company traded on the NYSE); Executive Vice President, Head of Affiliate Management - OMAM Inc. (f/k/a Old Mutual (US) Holdings Inc.) (a holding company); Director, Acadian Asset Management LLC (an investment advisor); Director, Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (an investment advisor); Director, The Campbell Group, Inc. (a holding company for The Campbell Group LLC); Director, Copper Rock Capital Partners LLC (an investment advisor); Director, OMAM (HFL) Inc. (f/k/a Old Mutual (HFL) Inc. (a holding company for Heitman affiliated financial services firms); Director, Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC (an investment advisor); Director, Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC (an investment advisor) |
Stephen Belgard; Member of Board of Managers | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer - OM Asset Management PLC (a public company traded on the NYSE); Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer - OMAM Inc. (f/k/a Old Mutual (US) Holdings Inc.) (a holding company); Director, Acadian Asset Management LLC (an investment advisor); Director, OMAM International Ltd. (f/k/a Old Mutual Asset Management International, Ltd.) (an investment advisor) |
AHL Partners LLP (“AHL”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund. The principal address of AHL is 2 Swan Lane, London, United Kingdom EC4R 3AD. Information as to the officers and directors of AHL is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 167882), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Alpha Quant Advisors, LLC (‘‘Alpha Quant’’), formerly known as Crest Investment Partners, LLC, is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Alpha Quant Core Fund, American Beacon Alpha Quant Dividend Fund, Alpha Quant Quality Fund and Alpha Quant Value Fund. The principal address of Alpha Quant is 220 East Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039. On October 14, 2016 Alpha Quant became an indirect majority-owned subsidiary of Resolute Investment Holdings, LLC, which is owned primarily by Kelso Investment Associates VIII, L.P., KEP VI, LLC and Estancia Capital Partners L.P. Prior to October 14, 2016, it was founded in September 2011 as a subsidiary of Cypress Capital Group and affiliated of Cypress Trust Co. Information as to the Officers and Directors of Alpha Quant is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 285855), and is incorporated herein by reference.
ARK Investment Management LLC (“ARK”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon ARK Disruptive Innovation Fund. The principal address for ARK is 155 West 19th Street, Fifth Floor, New York, NY 10011. ARK was formed in June 2013, and registered as an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in January 2014. Information as to the Officers and Directors of ARK is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 169525), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc. (“Bahl & Gaynor”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund. The principal address of Bahl & Gaynor is 255 East Third Street, Suite 2700 Cincinnati, OH 45202. Information as to the officers and directors of Bahl & Gaynor is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 106139), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (“Barrow”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Balanced Fund, American Beacon Large Cap Value Fund, American Beacon Mid-Cap Value Fund and American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of Barrow is 2200 Ross Avenue, 31 st Floor, Dallas, TX 75201-2761.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Barrow is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Barrow | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
James P. Barrow; President, Secretary, Treasurer, Executive Director | None |
J. Ray Nixon; Executive Director, Member Board of Managers | None |
Cory L. Martin, Managing Director, Member Board of Managers | None |
Patricia B. Andrews; Chief Compliance and Risk Officer, Managing Director | None |
John S. Williams; Managing Director | None |
Linda T. Gibson; Member Board of Managers | OMAM, Inc., Executive Vice President and Head of Global Distribution |
Aidan J. Riordan; Member Board of Managers | OMAM, Inc., Executive Vice President and Head of Affiliate Management |
Basswood Capital Management, LLC (“Basswood”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of Basswood is 645 Madison Avenue, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10022. Information as to the officers and directors of Basswood is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 138032), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC (“Brandywine”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Flexible Bond Fund, American Beacon Balanced Fund, American Beacon Large Cap Value Fund, and American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of Brandywine is 2929 Arch Street, 8 th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Brandywine is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Brandywine | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
David F. Hoffman; Senior Managing Director | None |
Mark P. Glassman; Chief Administrative Officer | None |
Patrick S. Kaser; Managing Director | None |
Paul R. Lesutis; Senior Managing Director | None |
Henry F. Otto; Senior Managing Director | None |
Stephen S. Smith; Senior Managing Director | None |
Adam B. Spector; Managing Director | None |
Steven M. Tonkovich; Senior Managing Director | None |
John D. Kenney; Elected Manager | None |
Patricia Lattin; Elected Manager | None |
Jeffrey S. Masom; Elected Manager | None |
Terence A. Johnson; Elected Manager | None |
Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. (“Bridgeway”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund and the American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund. The principal address of Bridgeway is 20 Greenway Plaza, Suite 450, Houston, Texas 77046.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Bridgeway is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Bridgeway | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
John N. R. Montgomery; Director, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Investment Officer | Vice President and Director, Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
Linda G. Giuffre; Chief Compliance Officer | Chief Compliance Officer and Treasurer, Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
Tammira Y. Philippe; Director, President | President and Director, Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
Von D. Celestine; Treasurer, Vice President/Secretary | None |
Richard P. Cancelmo; Vice President | Vice President, Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
Franklin J. Montgomery; Director | None |
Ann M. Montgomery; Director | Sage Education Group, LLC - Owner |
Causeway Capital Management, LLC (“Causeway”), a Delaware limited liability company, is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon International Equity Fund. The principal address of Causeway is 11111 Santa Monica Boulevard, 15th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90025. Information as to the officers and directors of Causeway is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 113308), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Crescent Capital Group LP (“Crescent Capital”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Crescent Short Duration High Income Fund, whose principal office is located at 11100 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90025.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Crescent Capital is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Crescent Capital | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Mark L. Attanasio; Managing Partner | Chairman and Principal Owner of the Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club |
Foundry Partners, LLC (“Foundry”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of Foundry is 510 First Avenue North, Suite 409, Minneapolis, MN 55403. Information as to the officers and directors of Foundry is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 164863), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Garcia Hamilton & Associates, L.P. (“Garcia Hamilton”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-adviser for the American Beacon Garcia Hamilton Quality Bond Fund. The principal address of Garcia Hamilton is 1401 McKinney Street, Suite 1600, Houston, Texas 77010. Information as to the officers and directors of Garcia Hamilton is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 108017), and is incorporated herein by reference.
GLG LLC ("GLG") is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon GLG Total Return Fund. The principal address of GLG is 452 Fifth Avenue, 27th Floor New York, NY. GLG is an investment advisory firm formed in April 2002. GLG is a limited liability company that is directly owned by Man Litchfield, Inc. Man Litchfield is a wholly owned subsidiary of Man Investments Holdings, Inc., which is a subsidiary of Man Group plc, the ultimate parent company of GLG.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of GLG is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Global Evolution USA, LLC (“Global Evolution”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Global Evolution Frontier Markets Income Fund. The principal address of Global Evolution is Kokholm 3A, DK-6000 Kolding, Denmark.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Global Evolution is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Global Evolution | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Soren Rump; Director | None |
Morten Bugge; Director | None |
Kasper Jorgensen, Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Grosvenor Capital Management, L.P. (“Grosvenor”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of Grosvenor is 900 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 1100, Chicago, IL 60611. Information as to the officers and directors of Grosvenor is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 106548), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Hillcrest Asset Management, LLC (“Hillcrest”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of Hillcrest is 2805 Dallas Parkway, Suite 250, Plano, Texas 75093
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Hillcrest is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Hillcrest | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Brian Bruce; Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer | None |
Deborah Ann Trask; Chief Operating Officer | None |
Douglas E. Stark; Managing Director | None |
Brandon L. Troegle; Portfolio Manager | None |
Holland Capital Management LLC (“Holland”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund. The principal address of Holland is 303 W. Madison, Suite 700, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Holland is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (“Hotchkis”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Balance Fund, American Beacon Large Cap Value Fund, and American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of Hotchkis is 725 South Figueroa Street, 39 th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90017-5439.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Hotchkis is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Hotchkis | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
George H. Davis; Chief Executive Officer and Executive Committee Member | Trustee of the Hotchkis & Wiley Funds and Director of Hotchkis & Wiley Ltd. |
James E. Menvielle; Chief Financial Officer | Vice President and Treasurer of the Hotchkis & Wiley Funds and Director of Hotchkis & Wiley Ltd. |
Anna Marie S. Lopez; Chief Operating Officer | President of the Hotchkis & Wiley Funds and Director of Hotchkis & Wiley Ltd. |
Tina H. Kodama; Chief Compliance Officer | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Hotchkis & Wiley Funds |
Scott McBride; President and Executive Committee Member | None |
C. Nigel Hurst-Brown; Executive Committee Member | Chief Executive and Director of Hotchkis and Wiley Ltd., Non-executive director of Borders and Southern Petroleum PLC and Deputy Chairman of Central Asia Metals PLC |
Douglas H. Martin; Executive Committee Member | Senior Managing Director of Stephens Inc. and Board of Director of Conns, Inc. |
Impala Asset Management, LLC (“Impala”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of Impala is 107 Cherry Street, New Canaan, CT 06840. Information as to the officers and directors of Impala is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 138752), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Incline Global Management, LLC (“Incline Global”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of Incline Global is 40 West 57th Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10019. Information as to the officers and directors of Incline Global is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 162607), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Ionic Capital Management LLC is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund. The principal address of Ionic Capital Management LLC (together with its advisory affiliates, Ionic Capital Partners LP and Ionic Capital Advisors LLC, “Ionic”) is 475 Fifth Ave., 9th Floor, New York, NY 10017.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Ionic is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Ionic | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Bart E. Baum; Principal, Portfolio Manager and Chief Investment Officer | None |
Lawrence J. Baum, Chief Risk Officer | None |
Adam S. Radosti; Principal and Portfolio Manager | None |
Daniel L. Stone; Principal, Portfolio Manager | None |
John C. Richardson; Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel | None |
Arthur G. Vaccarino; Chief Technology Officer | None |
Douglas J. Mallach; Chief Administrative Officer | None |
Steven G. Vecchio; Chief Compliance Officer and Associate General Counsel | None |
Matthew G. Begley; Chief Financial Officer | None |
IPM Informed Portfolio Management AB (“IPM”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon IPM Systematic Macro Fund. The principal address of IPM is Master Samuelsgatan 6, Stockholm, Sweden SE-11144. Information as to the officers and directors of IPM is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 158110), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Lazard Asset Management, LLC (“Lazard”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon International Equity Fund. The principal address of Lazard is 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 55 th Floor, New York, NY 10112.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Lazard is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Lazard | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Ashish Bhutani; Director, CEO | Vice Chairman, Lazard Ltd. |
Gerard B. Mazzari; COO | Chief Financial Officer, Lazard Asset Management Securities, LLC |
Nathan A. Paul; General Counsel | Chief Legal Officer of Lazard Asset Management Securities, LLC |
Mark R. Anderson; Chief Compliance Officer | Chief Compliance Officer of the Lazard Mutual Funds and Lazard Asset Management Securities, LLC |
Kenneth M. Jacobs; Director | None |
Alexander F. Stern; Director | None |
Charles Carroll; Deputy Chairman | Chief Executive Officer of Lazard Asset Management Securities, LLC |
Andrew Lacey; Deputy Chairman | None |
John Reinsberg; Deputy Chairman | None |
Robert P. DeConcini; Chairman | None |
Andreas Huebner; Senior Managing Director | None |
Robert Prugue; Senior Managing Director | None |
Bill Smith; Senior Managing Director | None |
Massachusetts Financial Services Company (“MFS”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-adviser for the American Beacon Large Cap Value Fund. The principal address of MFS is 111 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02199. MFS is a subsidiary of Sun Life of Canada (U.S.) Financial Services Holdings Inc., which in turn is an indirect majority-owned subsidiary of Sun Life Financial, Inc. (a diversified financial services company), located at Sun Life Financial Centre, 150 King Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each director and principal executive officer of MFS is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with MFS | Other Substantial Business and Connections During the Past Two Fiscal Years |
Robert J. Manning; Director, Chairman of MFS and Chairman of the Board of Directors | Trustee of various funds within the MFS Funds complex+; Co-Chief Executive Officer of MFS (2015-2016) |
Mark N. Polebaum; Executive Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary | Secretary of the MFS Funds+ |
Michael W. Roberge; Director, President, Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer | None+ |
Amrit Kanwal; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | None+ |
David A. Antonelli; Vice Chairman | None+ |
Robin A. Stelmach; Vice Chairman | Trustee of various funds within the MFS Funds complex +; Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President (until January 2017) |
Carol W. Geremia; Executive Vice President | None+ |
James A. Jessee; Executive Vice President | None+ |
Martin Wolin; Chief Compliance Officer | Chief Compliance Officer of the MFS Funds and of MFS; Chief Risk and Compliance Officer, North America and Latin America, Mercer+ |
Colm J. Freyne; Director | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Sun Life Financial, Inc. |
Stephen C. Peacher; Director | President of Sun Life Investment Management and Chief Investment Officer of Sun Life Financial, Inc. |
+Certain principal executive officers and directors of Massachusetts Financial Services Company ("MFS") serve as officers or directors of some or all of MFS’ corporate affiliates and certain officers of MFS serve as officers of some or all of the MFS Funds and/or officers or directors of certain MFS investment products. Except as set forth above or in Schedules B and D of Form ADV filed by MFS pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (SEC File No. 801-17352), each principal executive officer of MFS has been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature other than as an officer of MFS or certain of MFS' corporate affiliates.
The identity of those corporate affiliates is identified below or is incorporated by reference from Schedules B and D of such Form ADV.
Investment Adviser Corporate Affiliate | Address |
MFS Institutional Advisors, Inc. | 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02199 U.S.A. |
MFS Fund Distributors, Inc. | 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02199 U.S.A. |
MFS Service Center Inc. | 100 Hancock Street, Quincy, MA 02171 U.S.A. |
MFS International LTD. | Canon's Court, 22 Victoria Street, Hamilton, HM12, Bermuda |
MFS International Holdings PTY LTD |
One Carter Lane London EC4V 5ER U.K. |
MFS International Australia PTY LTD |
Level 15, 20 Martin Place Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia |
MFS International (U.K.) Limited |
One Carter Lane London EC4V 5ER, U.K. |
MFS International Switzerland GMBH |
Bahnhofstrasse 100, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland |
MFS International (Hong Kong) Limited |
Unit 1301, 13 th Floor Henley Building 5 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong |
MFS do Brasil Desenvolvimento de Mercado Ltda. (Brazil) |
Rua Joaquim Floriano, 1.052 – 11 o Andar, conjunto 111, Itaim Bibi, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 04534-004 |
MFS International (Chile) SPA |
Santiago Isidora 3000 Av Isidora Goyenechea #3000, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile |
MFS International Singapore PTE. LTD. |
501 Orchard Road, #13-01/03/04 Wheelock Place Singapore 238880 |
MFS Investment Management Company (LUX.) S.a.r.l. |
35, Boulevard du Prince Henri L-1724 Luxembourg |
MFS Investment Management K.K. | 16 F Daido Seimei Kasumigaseki Building, 1-4-2 Kasumigaseki 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 100-0013 |
Sun Life of Canada (U.S.) Financial Services Holdings, Inc. | 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02199 U.S.A. |
3060097 Nova Scotia Company |
1959 Upper Water Street Suite 1100, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J3N2 |
MFS Investment Management Canada Limited |
77 King Street West, 35 th Floor Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5K 1B7 |
MFS Bermuda Holdings LTD. |
Canon's Court 22 Victoria Street Hamilton, HM 12, Bermuda |
MFS Heritage Trust Company | 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02199 U.S.A. |
The MFS Funds include the following. The address of the MFS Funds is: 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02199.
Massachusetts Investors Trust
Massachusetts Investors Growth Stock Fund
MFS Series Trust I
MFS Series Trust II
MFS Series Trust III
MFS Series Trust IV
MFS Series Trust V
MFS Series Trust VI
MFS Series Trust VII
MFS Series Trust VIII
MFS Series Trust IX
MFS Series Trust X
MFS Series Trust XI
MFS Series Trust XII
MFS Series Trust XIII
MFS Series Trust XIV
MFS Series Trust XV
MFS Series Trust XVI
MFS Municipal Series Trust
MFS Variable Insurance Trust
MFS Variable Insurance Trust II
MFS Variable Insurance Trust III
MFS Institutional Trust
MFS California Municipal Fund
MFS Charter Income Trust
MFS Government Markets Income Trust
MFS High Income Municipal Trust
MFS High Yield Municipal Trust
MFS Intermediate High Income Fund
MFS Intermediate Income Trust
MFS Investment Grade Municipal Trust
MFS Municipal Income Trust
MFS Multimarket Income Trust
MFS Special Value Trust
Numeric Investors LLC (“Numeric”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Numeric Integrated Alpha Fund. The principal address of Numeric is 470 Atlantic Avenue, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02210. Information as to the officers and directors of Numeric is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 131684), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Pacific Investment Management Company, LLC (“PIMCO”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Flexible Bond Fund. The principal address of PIMCO is 840 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, CA 92660.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of PIMCO is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with PIMCO | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Douglas M. Hodge; Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, PIMCO | Trustee and Senior Vice President of the Trust, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, and PIMCO ETF Trust. Senior Vice President of PIMCO Equity Series and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. Director and Vice President, StocksPLUS Management Inc.; Director, PIMCO Europe Ltd., PIMCO Asia Pte Ltd., PIMCO Australia Pty Ltd, PIMCO Japan Ltd. and PIMCO Asia Limited (Hong Kong) |
Jennifer E. Durham; Chief Compliance Officer and Executive Vice President | Chief Compliance Officer, the Trust, PIMCO Equity Series VIT, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust and PIMCO ETF Trust |
Daniel J. Ivascyn; Managing Director and Group Chief Investment Officer, PIMCO | |
Neel T. Kashkari; Managing Director | Trustee and President of the Trust and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. Formerly Interim Assistant Secretary for Financial Stability, Assistant Secretary for International Economics and Senior Advisor to Secretary Paulson, United States Department of Treasury |
David C. Flattum; Managing Director and General Counsel | Chief Legal Officer of the Trust, PIMCO Equity Series VIT, PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust and PIMCO ETF Trust |
Brent R. Harris; Managing Director and Executive Committee Member | Director and President, StocksPLUS Management, Inc. Trustee and Chairman of the Trust and PIMCO Equity Series VIT. Trustee, Chairman and President of PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust and PIMCO ETF Trust. Director, PIMCO Luxembourg S.A. and PIMCO Luxembourg II |
Ki M. Hong; Managing Director | Formerly, Vice Chairman of Asia Pacific, Bank of America Merrill Lynch |
Sabrina C. Callin; Managing Director | Acting Head of PIMCO Advisory; and Vice President, StocksPLUS Management, Inc. |
Makoto Takano; Managing Director | Director and President, PIMCO Japan Ltd. |
Joseph V. McDevitt; Managing Director | Director and Chief Executive Officer, PIMCO Europe Limited. |
Passport Capital, LLC (“Passport”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of Passport is One Market Street, Steuart Tower, Suite 200 San Francisco, CA 94105. Information as to the officers and directors of Passport is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 138032), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Payden & Rygel (“P&R”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Flexible Bond Fund. The principal address of P&R is 333 South Grand Avenue, 32 nd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of P&R is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with P&R | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Joan Payden; President and Chief Executive Officer | None |
Brian Matthews; Managing Principal and Chief Financial Officer | None |
James Sarni; Managing Principal | None |
Mary Beth Syal; Managing Principal | None |
Scott Weiner; Managing Principal | None |
Edward Garlock; Managing Principal | None |
Asha Joshi; Managing Principal | None |
Robin Creswell; Managing Principal | None |
Gregory Morrison; Managing Principal | None |
Pine River Capital Management L.P. (“Pine River”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of Pine River is 601 Carlson Parkway, 7th Floor, Minnetonka, MN 55305.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and partner of Pine River is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Pine River | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Brian Taylor; CEO, Co-CIO and Partner | Chairman and Director of Two Harbors Investment Corp. |
Thomas Siering; Partner | CEO, President and Director of Two Harbors Investment Corp.; Director of Silver Bay Realty Trust Corp. |
Bill Roth; Partner | Chief Investment Officer of Two Harbors Investment Corp. |
Pzena Investment Management, LLC (“Pzena”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Mid-Cap Value Fund. The principal address of Pzena is 120 West 45 th Street, 20 th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Pzena is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
River Canyon Fund Management LLC (“River Canyon”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of River Canyon is 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 11th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90067. Information as to the officers and directors of River Canyon is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 169465), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Sound Point Capital Management, LP (“Sound Point”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Sound Point Floating Rate Income Fund. The principal address of Sound Point is 375 Park Avenue, 33 rd Floor, New York, NY 10152. Information as to the officers and directors of Sound Point is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 157479), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC (“SIMG”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund. The principal address of SIMG and Stephens Inc. is 111 Center Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72201.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of SIMG is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with SIMG | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Joseph W. Simpson; President and Chief Executive Officer, Manager | Executive Vice President, Stephens Inc. |
Ryan E. Crane; Chief Investment Officer, Manager, Member Class B | Senior Vice President, Stephens Inc. |
Michael W. Nolte; Chief Operating Officer, Senior Vice President, Manager | Senior Vice President, Stephens Inc. |
David C. Prince; Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel | Senior Vice President, Stephens Inc. |
Strategic Income Management, LLC (“SiM”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon SiM High Yield Opportunities Fund. The principal address of SiM is 1200 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 713, Seattle, WA 98109.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of SiM is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Sustainable Growth Advisers, LP (“SGA”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon SGA Global Growth Fund. The principal address of SGA is 301 Tresser Boulevard, Suite 1310, Stamford, CT 06901.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of SGA is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with SGA | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
George P. Fraise; Co-Founder | None |
Gordon Marchand; Co-Founder
|
Board Director- Chase Investment Counsel; Board Director- Zounds Hearing Inc. |
Robert L. Rohn; Co-Founder | Board Director – The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk – 10 North Water Street, Norwalk, CT |
Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC (“Templeton”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon International Equity Fund. The principal address of Templeton is 300 Southeast 2 nd Street, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Templeton is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Templeton | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Cynthia L. Sweeting; President/Director of Portfolio Management for the Templeton Global Equity Group | None |
Antonio T. Docal; Executive Vice President and Portfolio Manager | None |
Peter A. Nori; Executive Vice President and Portfolio Manager | None |
Craig S. Tyle; Chief Legal Officer | None |
Mark L. Constant; Treasurer | None |
Michael J. D’Agrosa; Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Gregory E. McGowan; Executive Vice President | None |
Madison S. Gulley; Executive Vice President | None |
The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC (“Boston Company”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund. The principal address of Boston Company is One Boston Place, Boston, MA 02108.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Boston Company is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
The London Company Of Virginia, LLC (“London Company”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-adviser for the American Beacon London Company Income Equity Fund. The principal place of business address of London Company is 1800 Bayberry Court, Suite 301, Richmond, Virginia 23226.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of London Company is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with London Company | Other Substantial Business and Connections During the Past Two Fiscal Years |
Stephen, M. Goddard; Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer | None |
Jonathan Moody; Principal and Portfolio Manager | None |
Andrew Wetzel; Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Tremblant Capital Group (“Tremblant”) is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund. The principal address of Tremblant is 767 Fifth Avenue, Floor 12A, New York, NY 10153. Information as to the officers and directors of Tremblant is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 138743), and is incorporated herein by reference.
TwentyFour Asset Management (US) LP ("TwentyFour") is a registered investment adviser and is an investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon TwentyFour Strategic Income Fund. The principal address of TwentyFour is 1540 Broadway, 38th Floor, New York, New York 10036. Information as to the officers and directors of TwentyFour is included in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (CRD number 285791), and is incorporated herein by reference.
WEDGE Capital Management, LLC (“WEDGE”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Mid-Cap Value Fund. The principal address of WEDGE is 301 South College Street, Suite 3800, Charlotte, NC 28202.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of WEDGE is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with WEDGE | Other Substantial Business and Connections During the Past Two Fiscal Years |
Michael Gardner; General Partner | None |
Bradley Fisher; General Partner | None |
Bradley Horstmann; Chief Compliance Officer and General Partner | None |
Martin Robinson; General Partner | None |
John Norman; General Partner | None |
Andrei Bolshakov; General Partner | None |
Darrin Witt; General Partner | None |
Brian Pratt; General Partner | None |
Donald Cleven; General Partner | None |
Zebra Capital Management, LLC (“Zebra”) is a registered investment adviser and is the investment sub-advisor for the American Beacon Zebra Small Cap Equity Fund. The principal address of Zebra is 612 Wheelers Farms Rd., Milford, CT 06461.
Set forth below is information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of Zebra is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Name; Current Position with Zebra | Other Substantial Business and Connections |
Roger G. Ibbotson, Chairman and Chief Investment Officer | Professor in Practice Emeritus in Finance, Yale University, School of Management |
John J. Holmgren, Jr., President and Chief Operating Officer | None |
Kevin J. Lake, Chief Compliance Officer |
Attorney-at-Law 1440 Broadway, 23 rd Floor New York, NY 10018 |
Information as to the officers and directors of each of the above investment advisers may also be included in that adviser's current Form ADV filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 32. | Principal Underwriter |
(a) Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:
1. | ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund |
2. | Absolute Shares Trust |
3. | AdvisorShares Trust |
4. | American Beacon Funds |
5. | American Beacon Select Funds |
6. | Archstone Alternative Solutions Fund |
7. | Ark ETF Trust |
8. | Avenue Mutual Funds Trust |
9. | BP Capital TwinLine Energy Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios |
10. | BP Capital TwinLine MLP Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios |
11. | Braddock Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
12. | Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
13. | Center Coast MLP Focus Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
14. | Center Coast MLP & Infrastructure Fund |
15. | Context Capital Funds |
16. | CornerCap Group of Funds |
17. | Davis Fundamental ETF Trust |
18. | Direxion Shares ETF Trust |
19. | Eaton Vance NextShares Trust |
20. | Eaton Vance NextShares Trust II |
21. | EIP Investment Trust |
22. | Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund |
23. | Exchange Listed Funds Trust (f/k/a Exchange Traded Concepts Trust II) |
24. | FEG Absolute Access Fund I LLC |
25. | FlexShares Trust |
26. | Forum Funds |
27. | Forum Funds II |
28. | FQF Trust |
29. | Guinness Atkinson Funds |
30. | Henderson Global Funds |
31. | Horizon Spin-off and Corporate Restructuring Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Liberty Street Horizon Fund) |
32. | Horizons ETF Trust |
33. | Infinity Core Alternative Fund |
34. | Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
35. | Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
36. | John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust |
37. | Lyons Funds |
38. | Manor Investment Funds |
39. | Miller/Howard Funds Trust |
40. | Miller/Howard High Income Equity Fund |
41. | Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV |
42. | Montage Managers Trust |
43. | OSI ETF Trust |
44. | Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund |
45. | PENN Capital Funds Trust |
46. | Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
47. | Pine Grove Alternative Institutional Fund |
48. | Plan Investment Fund, Inc. |
49. | PMC Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
50. | Quaker Investment Trust |
51. | Ramius Archview Credit and Distressed Feeder Fund |
52. | Ramius Archview Credit and Distressed Fund |
53. | Recon Capital Series Trust |
54. | Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds |
55. | RMB Investors Trust (f/k/a Burnham Investors Trust) |
56. | Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
57. | Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
58. | Salient MF Trust |
59. | SharesPost 100 Fund |
60. | Sound Shore Fund, Inc. |
61. | Steben Alternative Investment Funds |
62. | Steben Select Multi-Strategy Fund |
63. | Strategy Shares |
64. | The 504 Fund (f/k/a The Pennant 504 Fund) |
65. | The Community Development Fund |
66. | Third Avenue Trust |
67. | Third Avenue Variable Series Trust |
68. | TIFF Investment Program |
69. | TrimTabs ETF Trust |
70. | Turner Funds |
71. | U.S. Global Investors Funds |
72. | West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Chilton Realty Income & Growth Fund) |
73. | Wintergreen Fund, Inc. |
74. | WisdomTree Trust |
(b) The following are the Officers and Managers of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.
Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant |
Richard J. Berthy | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | President, Treasurer and Manager | None |
Mark A. Fairbanks | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President | None |
Jennifer K. DiValerio | 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312 | Vice President | None |
Nanette K. Chern | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Jennifer E. Hoopes | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Secretary | None |
(c) Not applicable.
Item 33. | Location of Accounts and Records |
The books and other documents required by Section 31(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 are maintained in the physical possession of 1) the Trust's custodian and fund accounting agent at State Street Bank and Trust Company, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110; 2) the Manager at American Beacon Advisors, Inc., 220 East Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 1200, Irving, Texas 75039; 3) the Trust’s transfer agent, Boston Financial Data Services, 330 West 9 th St., Kansas City, Missouri 64105; 4) Mastercraft, 3021 Wichita Court, Fort Worth, Texas 76140; or 5) the Trust's investment advisers at the addresses listed in Item 31 above.
Item 34. | Management Services |
Not applicable.
Item 35. | Undertakings |
Not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that this Amendment meets all of the requirements for effectiveness pursuant to rule 485(b) under the 1933 Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 288 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Irving and the State of Texas, on April 25, 2017.
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS | ||
By: | /s/ Gene L. Needles, Jr. | |
Gene L. Needles, Jr. | ||
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 288 to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | |
/s/ Gene L. Needles, Jr. | President (Principal Executive Officer) | April 25, 2017 | |
Gene L. Needles, Jr. | |||
/s/ Melinda G. Heika | Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and | April 25, 2017 | |
Melinda G. Heika | Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
Gilbert G. Alvarado* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Gilbert G. Alvarado | |||
Joseph B. Armes* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Joseph B. Armes | |||
Gerard J. Arpey* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Gerard J. Arpey | |||
Brenda A. Cline* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Brenda A. Cline | |||
Eugene J. Duffy* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Eugene J. Duffy | |||
Thomas M. Dunning* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Thomas M. Dunning | |||
Alan D. Feld* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Alan D. Feld | |||
Richard A. Massman* | Chairman and Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Richard A. Massman | |||
Barbara J. McKenna* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
Barbara J. McKenna | |||
R. Gerald Turner* | Trustee | April 25, 2017 | |
R. Gerald Turner | |||
*By /s/ Rosemary K. Behan
Rosemary K. Behan
Attorney-In-Fact
EXHIBIT INDEX
Type: | Description: |
99.(d)(1)(E) | Fourth Amendment to Management Agreement by and among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., dated March 31, 2017 |
99.(e)(2) | Fifteenth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds, and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, dated March 22, 2017 |
99.(e)(3) | Sixteenth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement among American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds, and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, dated March 30, 2017 |
99.(h)(12)(L) | Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Agreement for certain American Beacon Funds, dated February 28, 2017 |
99.(i) | Opinion and consent of counsel |
99.(j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
99.(p)(15) | Code of Ethics for Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC, dated August 2015 |
99.(p)(16) | Code of Ethics for Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc., dated October 18, 2016 |
99.(p)(17) | Code of Ethics and Conduct for Holland Capital Management LLC, dated September 2016 |
99.(p)(23) | Code of Ethics for Bahl & Gaynor, Inc., amended April 1, 2016 |
99.(p)(26) | Code of Ethics for Ionic Capital Management LLC, dated September 2016 |
Other Exhibit |
Powers of Attorney for Trustees of American Beacon Funds, American Beacon Select Funds and American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust, dated February 28, 2017 |
Exhibit 99.(d)(1)(E)
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
FOURTH AMENDMENT TO Management Agreement
The attached amended and restated Schedule B to add the American Beacon Alpha Quant Core Fund, Alpha Quant Dividend Fund, Alpha Quant Quality Fund, Alpha Quant Value Fund and TwentyFour Strategic Income Fund is hereby incorporated into the Management Agreement dated April 4, 2016, as amended, by and between the American Beacon Funds and the American Beacon Select Funds, each a Massachusetts business trust (each, a “Trust”), on behalf of each Fund of a Trust listed on Schedule B hereto, as may be amended from time to time (each, a “Fund”), and American Beacon Advisors, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and supersedes any prior Schedule B to the Agreement.
Dated: March 31, 2017
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS | AMERICAN BEACON ADVISORS, INC. | |
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS | ||
By: _ /s/Gene L. Needles, Jr. ______ | By: _ /s/Jeffrey K. Ringdahl ______ | |
Gene L. Needles, Jr. | Jeffrey K. Ringdahl | |
President | Chief Operating Officer |
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
Management Agreement
SCHEDULE B
Fund | Effective Date | Fee Schedule | Grandfathered Fund |
American Beacon Balanced Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Multiple Manager | Yes |
American Beacon Flexible Bond Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Multiple Manager | Yes |
American Beacon International Equity Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Multiple Manager | Yes |
American Beacon Large Cap Value Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Multiple Manager | Yes |
American Beacon Mid-Cap Value Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Multiple Manager | Yes |
American Beacon Small Cap Value Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Multiple Manager | Yes |
American Beacon Alpha Quant Core Fund | 3/22/2017 | Traditional – Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Alpha Quant Dividend Fund | 3/22/2017 | Traditional – Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Alpha Quant Quality Fund | 3/22/2017 | Traditional –Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Alpha Quant Value Fund | 3/22/2017 | Traditional – Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Acadian Emerging Markets Managed Volatility Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon ARK Disruptive Innovation Fund | 1/27/2017 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Crescent Short Duration High Income Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Garcia Hamilton Quality Bond Fund American Beacon GLG Total Return Fund |
4/4/2016 5/20/2016 |
Traditional - Single Manager Traditional - Single Manager |
n/a n/a |
American Beacon Global Evolution Frontier Markets Income Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Numeric Integrated Alpha Fund | 11/01/2016 | Alternative Investments | n/a |
American Beacon SGA Global Growth Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon SiM High Yield Opportunities Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Sound Point Floating Rate Income Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon The London Company Income Equity Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon TwentyFour Strategic Income Fund | 4/3/2017 | Traditional – Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon Zebra Small Cap Equity Fund | 5/29/2016 | Traditional - Single Manager | n/a |
American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund | 5/29/2016 | Alternative Investments | Yes |
American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund | 5/29/2016 | Alternative Investments | Yes |
American Beacon Grosvenor Long/Short Fund | 5/29/2016 | Grosvenor Fund | n/a |
Dated: March 31, 2017
Exhibit 99.(e)(2)
FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT TO
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
This Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Distribution Agreement (the “Agreement”) dated as of the 31 st day of March 2009, as amended, by and between American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Select Funds, each a Massachusetts business trust that acts as an open-end investment company (each a “Client” and, collectively, the “Clients”) and Foreside Fund, Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Foreside”) is entered into as of March 22, 2017 (the “Effective Date”).
WHEREAS , Foreside and the Client(s) desire to amend Schedule 1 of the Agreement to update the Funds to add the American Beacon Alpha Quant Core Fund, American Beacon Alpha Quant Dividend Fund, American Beacon Alpha Quant Quality Fund, and American Beacon Alpha Quant Value Fund, update Classes of the Clients, including the addition of the T Share Class to the Small Cap Value Fund; and
WHEREAS , the parties may amend Schedule 1 in accordance with Sections 7.5 and 8 of the Agreement;
NOW THEREFORE , for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
I. | Schedule 1 to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated as attached hereto; |
II. | All other terms and conditions of the Agreement remain in effect and are hereby incorporated herein by reference. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed in their names and on their behalf by and through their duly authorized officers, as of the Effective Date.
American Beacon Funds,
American Beacon Select Funds
By: /s/Gene L. Needles, Jr._________
Gene L. Needles, Jr., President
FORESIDE FUND SERVICES, LLC
By: /s/Mark A. Fairbanks__________
Mark A. Fairbanks, Vice President
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
Schedule 1
Funds and Classes of the Clients
As of March 22, 2017
Funds | Classes |
American Beacon Funds | |
Acadian Emerging Markets Managed Volatility Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Alpha Quant Core Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Alpha Quant Dividend Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Alpha Quant Quality Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Alpha Quant Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
ARK Disruptive Innovation Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Balanced Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y, R6 |
Crescent Short Duration High Income Fund | Institutional, Investor, A,C, Y |
Flexible Bond Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Garcia Hamilton Quality Bond Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
GLG Total Return Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y, Ultra |
Global Evolution Frontier Markets Income Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Grosvenor Long/Short Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
International Equity Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y, R6 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Large Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y, R6 |
Mid-Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y |
Numeric Integrated Alpha Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y, Ultra |
SGA Global Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Small Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y, R6, T |
SiM High Yield Opportunities Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Sound Point Floating Rate Income Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y, SP |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
The London Company Income Equity Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Zebra Small Cap Equity Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
American Beacon Select Funds | |
U.S. Gov’t. Money Market Select Fund | Select |
Exhibit 99.(e)(3)
SIXTEENTH AMENDMENT TO
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
This Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Distribution Agreement (the “Agreement”) dated as of the 31 st day of March 2009, as amended, by and between American Beacon Funds and American Beacon Select Funds, each a Massachusetts business trust that acts as an open-end investment company (each a “Client” and, collectively, the “Clients”) and Foreside Fund, Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Foreside”) is entered into as of March 30, 2017 (the “Effective Date”).
WHEREAS , Foreside and the Client(s) desire to amend Schedule 1 of the Agreement to update the Funds to add the American Beacon TwentyFour Strategic Income Fund and update Classes of the Clients; and
WHEREAS , the parties may amend Schedule 1 in accordance with Sections 7.5 and 8 of the Agreement;
NOW THEREFORE , for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
I. | Schedule 1 to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated as attached hereto; |
II. | All other terms and conditions of the Agreement remain in effect and are hereby incorporated herein by reference. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed in their names and on their behalf by and through their duly authorized officers, as of the Effective Date.
American Beacon Funds,
American Beacon Select Funds
By: /s/Gene L. Needles, Jr.______________
Gene L. Needles, Jr., President
FORESIDE FUND SERVICES, LLC
By: /s/Mark A. Fairbanks_______________
Mark A. Fairbanks, Vice President
AMERICAN BEACON FUNDS
AMERICAN BEACON SELECT FUNDS
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
Schedule 1
Funds and Classes of the Clients
As of March 30, 2017
Funds | Classes |
American Beacon Funds | |
Acadian Emerging Markets Managed Volatility Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Alpha Quant Core Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Alpha Quant Dividend Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Alpha Quant Quality Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Alpha Quant Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
ARK Disruptive Innovation Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Balanced Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y, R6 |
Crescent Short Duration High Income Fund | Institutional, Investor, A,C, Y |
Flexible Bond Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Garcia Hamilton Quality Bond Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y |
GLG Total Return Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y, Ultra |
Global Evolution Frontier Markets Income Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Grosvenor Long/Short Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Holland Large Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
International Equity Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y, R6 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Large Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y, R6 |
Mid-Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y |
Numeric Integrated Alpha Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y, Ultra |
SGA Global Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Small Cap Value Fund | Institutional, Investor, Advisor, A, C, Y, R6, T |
SiM High Yield Opportunities Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Sound Point Floating Rate Income Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y, SP |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
The London Company Income Equity Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
TwentyFour Strategic Income Fund | Institutional, Investor, Y, Ultra |
Zebra Small Cap Equity Fund | Institutional, Investor, A, C, Y |
American Beacon Select Funds | |
U.S. Gov’t. Money Market Select Fund | Select |
Exhibit 99.(h)(12)(L)
February 28, 2017
American Beacon Funds (the “Trust”)
220 East Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 1200
Irving, TX 75039
Re: Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement
Ladies and Gentlemen:
American Beacon Advisors, Inc. (“AmBeacon”) notifies you that, for the funds listed in Attachment A to this letter (the “Funds”), it will waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund, to the extent necessary so that expenses of the Fund, exclusive of taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses, do not exceed the annual rates listed on Attachment A .
During the period until the expiration date of each expense limitation in Attachment A , the related expense limitation arrangements for each of the Funds may only be modified by mutual agreement of the parties that, with respect to the Trust, includes a majority vote of the “non-interested” Trustees of the Trust. For a period of up to three years following AmBeacon’s contractual fee waiver or reimbursement, AmBeacon may be reimbursed by a Fund if reimbursement does not cause the expenses of the Fund exclusive of taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, securities lending fees, expenses associated with securities sold short, litigation, and other extraordinary expenses, to exceed the annual rates listed on Attachment A .
We understand and intend that you will rely on this undertaking in preparing and filing the Registration Statements on Form N-1A for the Fund with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in accruing each Fund’s expenses for purposes of calculating its net asset value per share and for other purposes permitted under Form N-1A and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and expressly permit you to do so.
Respectfully, | |||
American Beacon Advisors, Inc. | |||
By: | /s/Jeffrey K. Ringdahl | ||
Name: | Jeffrey K. Ringdahl | ||
Title: | Chief Operating Officer |
Agreed and Accepted on behalf of the Trust
|
|||
By: | /s/Melinda G. Heika | ||
Name: | Melinda G. Heika | ||
Title: | Treasurer |
A copy of the document establishing the Trust is filed with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This Agreement is executed by the officer not as an individual and is not binding upon any of the Trustees, officers or shareholders of the Trust individually but only upon the assets of each Fund.
Attachment A
American Beacon Funds – Fiscal Year End: December 31
Annual | |||
Expense % | |||
Fund | Class | Limit | Expiration |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth | Instl | 0.81 | 4/30/2018 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth | Y | 0.91 | 4/30/2018 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth | Investor | 1.19 | 4/30/2018 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth | A | 1.21 | 4/30/2018 |
Bridgeway Large Cap Growth | C | 1.96 | 4/30/2018 |
Holland Large Cap Growth | A | 1.29 | 4/30/2018 |
Holland Large Cap Growth | C | 2.04 | 4/30/2018 |
Stephens Small Cap Growth | Investor | 1.35 | 4/30/2018 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth | Instl | 0.99 | 4/30/2018 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth | Y | 1.09 | 4/30/2018 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth | Investor | 1.35 | 4/30/2018 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth | A | 1.39 | 4/30/2018 |
Stephens Mid-Cap Growth | C | 2.14 | 4/30/2018 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth | Instl | 0.98 | 4/30/2018 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth | Y | 1.08 | 4/30/2018 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth | Investor | 1.36 | 4/30/2018 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth | A | 1.38 | 4/30/2018 |
Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth | C | 2.13 | 4/30/2018 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy | Instl | 1.54 | 4/30/2018 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy | Y | 1.64 | 4/30/2018 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy | Investor | 1.92 | 4/30/2018 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy | A | 1.94 | 4/30/2018 |
AHL Managed Futures Strategy | C | 2.69 | 4/30/2018 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage | Instl | 1.54 | 4/30/2018 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage | Y | 1.64 | 4/30/2018 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage | A | 1.94 | 4/30/2018 |
Ionic Strategic Arbitrage | C | 2.69 | 4/30/2018 |
Exhibit 99.(i)
|
K&L Gates LLP 1601 K Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20006 T +1 202 778 9000 F +1 202 778 9100 klgates.com |
April 25, 2017
American Beacon Funds
220 East Las Colinas Boulevard, Suite 1200
Irving, Texas 75039
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to American Beacon Funds, a business trust formed under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (the “ Trust ”), in connection with Post-Effective Amendment No. 288 (the “ Post-Effective Amendment ”) to the Trust's registration statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 033-11387; 811-04984) (the “ Registration Statement ”), to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) on or about April 25, 2017, registering an indefinite number of shares of beneficial interest in the series of the Trust and classes thereof listed in Schedule A to this opinion letter (the “ Shares ”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”).
This opinion letter is being delivered at your request in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 29 of Schedule A of the Securities Act and Item 28(i) of Form N-1A under the Securities Act and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ Investment Company Act ”).
For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of:
(i) | the prospectuses and statements of additional information (collectively, the “ Prospectus ”) filed as part of the Post-Effective Amendment; |
(ii) | the declaration of trust and bylaws of the Trust in effect on the date of this opinion letter; and |
(iii) | the resolutions adopted by the trustees of the Trust relating to the Post-Effective Amendment, the establishment and designation of the Shares of each series and class, and the authorization for issuance and sale of the Shares. |
We also have examined and relied upon certificates of public officials and, as to certain matters of fact that are material to our opinions, we have relied on a certificate of an officer of the Trust. We have not independently established any of the facts on which we have so relied.
For purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed the accuracy and completeness of each document submitted to us, the genuineness of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as facsimile, electronic, certified, conformed, or photostatic copies thereof, and the due execution and delivery of all documents where due execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness thereof. We have further assumed the legal capacity of natural persons, that persons identified to us as officers of the Trust are actually serving in such capacity, and that the representations of officers of the Trust are correct as to matters of fact. We have not independently verified any of these assumptions.
Page 2
April 25, 2017
The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are based on the facts in existence and the laws in effect on the date hereof and are limited to the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the provisions of the Investment Company Act that are applicable to equity securities issued by registered open-end investment companies. We are not opining on, and we assume no responsibility for, the applicability to or effect on any of the matters covered herein of any other laws.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, it is our opinion that (1) the Shares to be issued pursuant to the Post-Effective Amendment, when issued and paid for by the purchasers upon the terms described in the Post-Effective Amendment and the Prospectus, will be validly issued, and (2) such purchasers will have no obligation to make any further payments for the purchase of the Shares or contributions to the Trust solely by reason of their ownership of the Shares.
This opinion is rendered solely in connection with the filing of the Post-Effective Amendment and supersedes any previous opinions of this firm in connection with the issuance of Shares. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission in connection with the Post-Effective Amendment and to the reference to this firm’s name under the heading “Other Service Providers” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement or Prospectus within the meaning of the term “expert” as used in Section 11 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Commission, nor do we admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ K&L Gates LLP
SCHEDULE A
To the Opinion Letter of K&L Gates LLP, dated April 25, 2017,
Filed as Exhibit (i)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 288 to the Registration Statement
on Form N-1A of American Beacon Funds (File Nos. 033-11387; 811-04984)
Series | Classes |
American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund |
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund
|
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund
|
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS R6 CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund
|
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund
|
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund
|
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund
|
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund
|
A CLASS C CLASS Y CLASS INSTITUTIONAL CLASS INVESTOR CLASS |
Exhibit 99.(j)
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the references to our firm under the captions "Financial Highlights" in the Prospectuses and "Disclosure of Nonpublic Holdings", "Other Service Providers" and "Financial Statements" in the Statements of Additional Information and to the incorporation by reference and use of our reports dated February 28, 2017, on the financial statements and financial highlights of American Beacon AHL Managed Futures Strategy Fund, American Beacon Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Value Fund, American Beacon Bridgeway Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Holland Large Cap Growth Fund, American Beacon Ionic Strategic Arbitrage Fund, American Beacon Stephens Mid-Cap Growth Fund and American Beacon Stephens Small Cap Growth Fund, as of and for the year/period ended December 31, 2016, in the Registration Statement (Form N-1A) of the American Beacon Funds, which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in the Post-Effective Amendment No. 288 to the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (File No. 33-11387).
/s/ Ernst & Young, LLP
Dallas, Texas
April 24, 2017
Exhibit 99.(p)(15)
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC
Code of Ethics
August 2015
STEPHENS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC.
CODE OF ETHICS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Statement of Policy | 1 | ||||
I. | Definitions | 2 | |||
II. | Standards of Conduct | 3 | |||
A. | Your Responsibilities | 4 | |||
B. | Conflicts of Interest | 4 | |||
1. | Conflicts Among Client Interests | 4 | |||
2. | Conflicts with SIMG Interests | 4 | |||
3. | Competing with Client Trades | 4 | |||
C. | Inside Information and Insider Trading | 4 | |||
D. | Personal Transactions | 6 | |||
1. | Prohibited Securities Transactions | 6 | |||
2. | General Trading Restrictions | 7 | |||
3. | Exempted Transactions/Securities | 8 | |||
E. | Gifts and Entertainment | 9 | |||
1. | General Statement | 9 | |||
2. | Accepting Gifts | 10 | |||
3. | Solicitation of Gifts | 10 | |||
4. | Giving Gifts | 10 | |||
5. | Cash | 10 | |||
6. | Entertainment | 10 | |||
F. | Political Contributions | 11 | |||
G. | Confidentiality | 11 | |||
H. | Service as a Director | 11 | |||
I. | Outside Business Activities | 12 | |||
J. | Outside Employment | 12 | |||
K. | Undue Influence | 12 | |||
L. | Proxy Voting | 12 |
III. | Compliance and Reporting Procedures | 13 | |||
A. | Preclearance Requirements | 13 | |||
1. | Trade Authorization Request Form | 13 | |||
2. | Review of Proposed Investment | 13 | |||
3. | No Explanation Required for Refusals | 13 | |||
B. | Reporting Requirements | 13 | |||
1. | Initial and Periodic Disclosure of Personal Holdings by Access Persons | 13 | |||
2. | Transactions and Periodic Statement Reporting Requirements | 14 | |||
3. | Reporting Exemptions | 15 | |||
4. | Availability of Reports | 15 | |||
C. | Required Acknowledgements and Certifications | 15 | |||
IV. | Recordkeeping | 15 | |||
V. | Compliance With The Code Of Ethics | 16 | |||
A. | Training and Education | 16 | |||
B. | Review of Transactions | 16 | |||
C. | Investigating Violations of the Code | 16 | |||
D. | Annual Reports | 16 | |||
VI. | Failure To Comply With The Code Of Ethics | 17 | |||
A. | Duty To Report | 17 | |||
B. | Sanctions | 17 | |||
VII. | Further Information | 17 | |||
Appendix I | |||||
Trade Authorization Request | 18 | ||||
Appendix II | |||||
Acknowledgement and Certification | 19 |
STEPHENS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC
CODE OF ETHICS
STATEMENT OF POLICY
Stephens Investment Management Group, LLC (“SIMG”) has adopted this Code of Ethics (“Code”), which sets forth requirements relating to personal trading and defines requirements and expectations for the business conduct of all of its Supervised Persons. The Code is intended as a complement to, and in no way supersedes or replaces other compliance policies and procedures manuals that may be applicable to a particular Supervised Person, including but not limited to the SIMG Compliance Manual, Stephens Inc. Compliance Manual, Stephens Inc. Advisory Code of Ethics, and Stephens Inc. Investment Advisory Policies and Procedures Manual. Furthermore, all Supervised Persons are expected to adhere to the Stephens’ Mission and Values Statement and Code of Professional Conduct.
The fundamental position of SIMG is that all aspects of its business are to be conducted in an ethical and legal manner in accordance with federal law and the laws of all states where it does business. In accordance with that position, general principles apply:
1. SIMG has a fiduciary relationship with its clients. The interests of our clients always come first.
2. All personal securities transactions should be conducted in such a manner as to be consistent with the Code and to avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest or abuse of a Supervised Person’s knowledge of customer information or customer transactions.
3. SIMG personnel should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions. Information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of clients is confidential.
Accordingly, there are certain standards of conduct that SIMG Supervised Persons must follow so as not to conflict with the interests of our clients.
This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest, and literal compliance with each of its specific provisions will not shield Supervised Persons from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to advisory clients.
1
I. DEFINITIONS
When used in the Code, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:
“Access Person” means:
· | Any officer or Manager of SIMG; |
· | any Supervised Person who has access to nonpublic information regarding any clients’ purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund; |
· | any Supervised Person who is involved in making securities recommendations to clients, or has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic; and |
· | such other persons as the Legal and Compliance Department shall designate, including certain employees of Stephens Inc. who, in connection with their regular functions or duties, make, participate in, or obtain information regarding the purchase or sale of securities by any SIMG sub-advised mutual fund. |
Any uncertainty as to whether an individual is an Access Person should be brought to the attention of the SIMG Compliance Department. Such questions will be resolved in accordance with, and this definition shall be subject to, the definitions of Access Person found in rules promulgated under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
“Automatic Investment Plan” means:
a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.
“Beneficial Ownership” means:
any direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a security, which includes the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the security. (Note: An individual is presumed to be a beneficial owner of securities that are held by immediate family members sharing the individual’s household.)
“ Investment Personnel” and “Investment Person” means:
· | each Portfolio Manager and any Access Person who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by any advisory account; or |
· | any person who controls SIMG and obtains information concerning recommendations made to a mutual fund sub-advised by SIMG regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the fund. |
“Manager” means:
· | any person appointed and serving on the Board of Managers of SIMG. |
2
“Portfolio Manager” means:
any person who has or shares principal direct day-to-day responsibility for managing the portfolios or investments of SIMG advisory client(s), account(s), or fund(s).
“Preclearance Officer” means:
the persons designated as a Preclearance Officer, or such person’s designee.
“Reportable Fund” means:
any registered investment company for which SIMG (or an affiliate) serves as investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter. (For these purposes, Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management, LLC (“H&W”) is considered an affiliate.)
“Reportable Security” means:
a security as defined in section 202(a)(18) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, except that it does not include:
· | direct obligations of the Government of the United States; |
· | banker’s acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
· | shares issued by money market funds; and |
· | shares issued by open-end funds other than (i) Reportable Funds and (ii) exchange-traded open-end funds. |
“Supervised Person(s)” means:
· | any officer, Manager or employee of SIMG; or |
· | any person who provides advice on behalf of SIMG and is subject to the supervision and control of SIMG. |
II. STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
All Access and Supervised Persons must comply with applicable federal and state securities law. Under these laws, it is unlawful for Access and Supervised Persons:
· | to employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any client account; |
· | to make any untrue statement of a material fact to any client or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make statements made to a client, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
· | to engage in any act, practice or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any client; |
· | to engage in any manipulative practice with regard to any client account in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly by such client, of a security held or to be acquired by any client account; or |
· | to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price manipulation. |
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In the above statements of legal principles and the following specific examples, the terms "client" and "client account" include potential clients and client accounts in addition to existing clients and client accounts. Access and Supervised Persons should take care to follow these requirements in any conversation or written correspondence with any clients or potential clients.
A. Your Responsibilities
As an Access or Supervised Person, you are responsible for:
· | following the Code of Ethics; |
· | obtaining any necessary approvals; and |
· | reporting any suspected fraudulent or illegal activity to the Chief Compliance Officer. |
B. Conflicts of Interest
To ensure full compliance with securities rules and regulations, as well as to maintain the confidence of our clients, conflicts of interest should be avoided or managed. A conflict of interest generally is a situation where your private, personal or outside interests or the interests of SIMG interfere with your duties and responsibilities to a client(s) of SIMG or raise a reasonable question of such interference.
1. Conflicts Among Client Interests . Conflicts of interest may arise where the interest of one client is favored over another client (e.g., larger accounts over smaller accounts, accounts compensated by performance fees over accounts not so compensated, accounts of close friends or relatives of SIMG). You should not favor one client over another client.
2. Conflicts with SIMG Interests . Conflicts of interest may arise where the interest of SIMG (or its affiliates) may be adverse to the interests of the client (e.g., selling the stock of an issuer in which an SIMG affiliate has an ownership interest). Client interests should not be placed behind the interests of the firm (or those of its affiliates).
3. Competing with Client Trades . You should not use knowledge about pending or currently considered securities transactions for clients to profit personally, directly or indirectly.
C. Inside Information and Insider Trading
You must not reveal any material non-public information (also called inside information) about a company to any person who would be likely to trade on such information, and you may not use this information in buying or selling (whether for your own account or for a client’s), or in recommending to others to buy or sell, any security of such company.
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Information is “material” if there is the likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in deciding whether to buy, sell, or hold the security. Information is “non-public” if it has not been disclosed to the public. This includes not only information related to issuers but also to SIMG’s securities recommendations and client securities holdings and transactions.
If at any time you believe that you have come into possession of material non-public information, notify the Chief Compliance Officer so that appropriate security measures can be implemented. Do not discuss the non-public information except as required by this policy .
In addition to, and in conjunction with, the requirements set forth herein, all Access and Supervised Persons should read, understand and follow the provisions of Chapter 1 of the Stephens Inc. (“Stephens”) Compliance Manual (“The Handling of Sensitive Information”). It sets forth in detail obligations related to inside information and insider trading to which all such persons are subject.
Stephens and SIMG follow various procedures designed to deter potential insider trading, including among other things, maintaining and publishing lists of securities that may not be purchased or sold at a particular time. The two primary restricted lists affecting SIMG are the Compliance Restriction List and the Research Restriction List. Each of these lists is prepared and maintained by Stephens in connection with its investment banking and/or broker-dealer activities. *
With respect to the Compliance Restriction List :
SIMG and Access and Supervised Persons may not trade in the securities on this list for any account (affiliated or otherwise). Trading may take place after the security is removed from the list as long as there are no other restrictions.
* Stephens maintains a Research Restriction list, pursuant to which Stephens restricts employee personal trading in securities for a period of two business days following (a) the publication of an initial research report by the Stephens Research Department on such securities or (b) the publication by the Stephens Research Department of a research report changing the rating of such securities. During the restricted period, employees and their related accounts are prohibited from trading in such securities in accordance with the newly published research rating but are permitted to trade against the newly published research rating. Customer accounts other than employee-related accounts are not restricted as to their trading activity in such securities.
Stephens maintains a Compliance Restriction list to address situations in which it could be inappropriate for Stephens or its employees to engage in normal brokerage activities with respect to certain securities. Employees are not permitted (a) to trade securities included on the Compliance Restriction list for their own accounts or for employee-related accounts or (b) to effect trades in such securities on a discretionary basis in customer accounts or (c) to solicit customer accounts to trade in such securities. However, employees are permitted to execute unsolicited trades in such securities for customer accounts other than employee-related accounts. The Compliance Restriction list is used primarily to satisfy the firm’s obligations under Reg M in connection with securities offerings and to protect the firm against trading or making solicitations based upon “inside information” that may have become known within the firm without the protections of the firm’s Chinese Wall procedures.
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With respect to the Research Restriction list :
SIMG and Access and Supervised Persons may not trade in any security on this list for any employee, officer or related party account if the trade is consistent with the research recommendation for the security; if the trade for any such account is “against” the research recommendation, SIMG and/or any Access and Supervised Person may trade in the security. SIMG may trade in securities on this list for other client accounts.
D. Personal Transactions
All personal securities transactions of Access and Supervised Persons should:
· | be consistent with this Code of Ethics; |
· | avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest; |
· | avoid the abuse of job knowledge or responsibilities; and |
· | avoid taking inappropriate advantage of your position with SIMG or Stephens Inc. |
While the complete scope of transactions that might be detrimental or potentially detrimental to a client‘s account cannot be defined, the following are examples of situations that should be avoided:
· | knowingly purchasing or selling securities, directly or indirectly, ahead of client accounts or otherwise in such a way as to personally compete in the market with any client account; |
· | using knowledge of securities transactions by a client account to profit personally, directly or indirectly, by the market effect of such transactions; or |
· | providing information about client transactions or holdings to any person except to the extent necessary to effect such transactions or administer the account. |
If you have any question about the application of any of these conduct principles to a particular fact pattern, you should speak to your supervisor or the SIMG Chief Compliance Officer.
1. Prohibited Securities Transactions . The following securities transactions are prohibited and will not be authorized under any circumstances:
a. Inside Information . Any transaction in a security by an individual who possesses material nonpublic information regarding the security or the issuer of the security.
b. Market Manipulation . Transactions intended to raise, lower, or maintain the price of any security or to create a false appearance of active trading.
c. Others . Any other transaction deemed by the Preclearance Officer to involve a conflict of interest, possible diversions of corporate opportunity, or an appearance of impropriety.
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2. | General Trading Restrictions. |
As noted above in the Statement of Policy, the requirements set forth below do not supersede or replace any policy or procedure applicable to Stephens Inc. employees.
a. Accounts . All Access and Supervised Persons must arrange for copies of their statements for any account in which they hold Reportable Securities (including 401(k) plans) to be provided to the Compliance Department. (With respect to brokerage accounts maintained at Stephens, this happens automatically.) This includes all confirmations received for each executed trade. (Any position in a mutual fund advised or sub-advised by SIMG, Stephens or H&W must be held in a Stephens’ brokerage account except for shares held through a 401(k) plan.)
b. Accounts Include the Accounts of Certain Family Members and Other Accounts . Accounts of Access and Supervised Persons include any account holding any Reportable Security in which such person has Beneficial Ownership.
c. Preclearance. Investment Persons must obtain approval from the Preclearance Officer or preclearance delegatee prior to entering into any securities transaction (with the exception of exempted securities listed below and shares of Reportable Funds) in any account. Approval of a transaction, once given, is effective for that business day only. Any transaction not completed within that time period will require reapproval by the Preclearance Officer or preclearance delegatee prior to execution. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any purchase or sale transaction that does not exceed $15,000 and involves the common stock of an issuer that has a market capitalization in excess of $20 billion at the time of the transaction does not require preclearance approval. Investment Persons may not effect separate transactions in the same security in reliance on this exception as a means of avoiding the preclearance requirement.
d. Restrictions on Transactions . No Investment Person may purchase or sell any security which at the time is being purchased or sold, or to the Investment Person’s knowledge is being considered for purchase or sale, by any account managed by SIMG.
e. Restrictions on Related Securities . The restrictions and procedures applicable to the transactions in securities set forth in this Code of Ethics shall similarly apply to securities that are issued by the same issuer and whose value or return is related, in whole or in part, to the value or return of a security purchased or sold or being contemplated for purchase or sale during the relevant period by a client account. For example, options or warrants to purchase common stock, and convertible debt and convertible preferred stock of a particular issuer would be considered related to the underlying common stock of that issuer for purposes of this policy. In sum, the related security would be treated as if it were the underlying security for the purpose of the pre-clearance procedures described herein.
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f. Limited Offerings and Private Placements . Any purchase or sale of limited offerings and “private placement” securities (including all private equity partnerships, hedge funds, limited partnership or venture capital funds) by any Access or Supervised Person must be precleared with an SIMG Preclearance Officer prior to the transaction.
If, after receiving the required approval, an Access or Supervised Person has any material role in the subsequent consideration by any advised fund/separate account of an investment in the same or affiliated issuer, the person must disclose his or her interest in the private placement investment to the SIMG Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) and the employee’s manager. The decision to purchase securities of the issuer by a fund/separate account must be independently reviewed and authorized by such person’s manager.
g. Initial Public Offerings . No Access or Supervised Person shall acquire any security in an initial public offering.
h. Blackout Periods . Investment Personnel may not buy or sell a security within 7 calendar days either before or after a purchase or sale of the same or related security by a fund or other advised account. For example, if a fund trades a security on day 0, day 8 is the first day the Investment Person may trade the security for his or her own account. Personal trades for Investment Persons, however, shall have no effect on the fund’s or separate account’s ability to trade. Investment Persons should expect that they will be required by SIMG to disgorge any profits from any trade effected in violation of the blackout period.
i. Short-Term Trading. As a general policy matter, SIMG discourages short term trading by its Investment Persons and senior officers (i.e., President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer). Accordingly, no Investment Person or senior officer may purchase and subsequently sell (or sell and purchase) the same security within any 60-day period, unless such transaction is approved in advance in writing by the Preclearance Officer or preclearance delegatee. In reviewing any such proposed transaction, the Preclearance Officer (or delegatee) shall consider the totality of the circumstances, including whether the trade would involve a breach of any fiduciary duty, whether it would otherwise be inconsistent with applicable laws and/or SIMG’s policies and procedures, whether the trade would create an appearance of impropriety and whether there is any unexpected circumstance that suggests not approving that the trade would result in a hardship on the requesting party. Based on his/her consideration of these issues, the Preclearance Officer (or delegatee) shall have the sole authority to grant or deny permission to execute the trade. Note: Proposed trades that appear to have been designed to result in short-term trading profits are not likely to be approved.
3. Exempted Transactions/Securities . SIMG has determined that the following securities transactions do not present the opportunity for improper trading activities that Rule 17j-1 is designed to prevent; therefore, the restrictions set forth in Section 2 of this Code (including preclearance, prohibition on short-term trading and blackout periods) shall not apply.
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a. Purchases or sales of securities that are not Reportable Securities.
b. Employer stock purchased and sold through employer-sponsored benefit plans in which the spouse of an Investment Person may participate (e.g., employee stock purchase plans or 401(k) plans) and sales of employer stock (or the exercise of stock options) that is received as compensation by an Investment Person’s spouse.
c. Purchases or sales which are non-volitional on the part of the Investment Person (e.g., an in-the-money option that is automatically exercised by a broker; a security that is called away as a result of an exercise of an option; or a security that is sold by a broker, without Investment Person consultation, to meet a margin call not met by the Investment Person).
d. Purchases which are made by reinvesting cash dividends pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan.
e. Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer.
f. Purchases or sales of commodities, futures (including currency futures and futures on broad-based indices), options on futures and options on broad-based indices.
g. Exchange-traded-funds and options on exchange traded funds.
h. The receipt of a bona fide gift of securities. (Donations of securities by Investment Persons, however, require preclearance.)
4. | The Chief Compliance Officer at his/her discretion can approve exceptions to the restrictions listed in paragraph D.2. above in appropriate situations. |
NOTE: The reporting requirements listed in Section III of this Code do apply to certain of the securities and transaction types set forth in paragraphs b-i of this section.
E. | Gifts and Entertainment |
The following provisions on gifts apply to all Supervised Persons.
1. General Statement. A conflict of interest occurs when the personal interests of employees interfere or could potentially interfere with their responsibilities to the firm and its clients. The overriding principle is that you should not accept inappropriate gifts, favors, entertainment, special accommodations, or other things of material value that could influence or appear to influence your decision-making or make you feel beholden to a person or firm. Similarly, you should not offer gifts, favors, entertainment or other things of value that could be viewed as overly generous or aimed at or appear to be aimed at influencing decision-making or could be viewed as making or appear to be making a client feel beholden to the firm or you. In addition to the provisions set forth herein related to Gifts and Entertainment, Supervised Persons must comply with the provisions of the Stephens Compliance Manual related to Gifts and Gratuities (currently found in Section 3.05).
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2. Accepting Gifts. On occasion, because of their position, Supervised Persons may be offered, or may receive without notice, gifts from clients, brokers, vendors or other persons. Acceptance of extraordinary or extravagant gifts is not permissible. Any such gifts must be declined or returned in order to protect the reputation and integrity of SIMG. Gifts of a nominal value (i.e., gifts whose reasonable value is no more than $100 a year), and customary business meals, entertainment (e.g., sporting events), and promotional items (e.g., pens, mugs, T-shirts) may be accepted.
If a Supervised Person receives any gift that might be prohibited under this Code, the Supervised Person must immediately inform the SIMG Chief Compliance Officer.
3. Solicitation of Gifts. Supervised Persons may not solicit gifts or gratuities.
4. Giving Gifts. Supervised Persons may not give gifts with an aggregate value in excess of $100 per year to persons associated with securities or financial organizations, including exchanges, other member organizations, commodity firms, news media, or clients of the firm.
5. Cash. Supervised Persons may not give or accept cash gifts or cash equivalents to or from
a client, prospective client, or any entity that does business with or on behalf of the firm.
6. Entertainment. Supervised Persons may not provide or accept extravagant or excessive
entertainment to or from a client, prospective client, or any person or entity that does or seeks to do business with or on behalf of SIMG. Supervised Persons may provide or accept a business entertainment event, such as dinner or a sporting event, of reasonable value, if the person or entity providing the entertainment is present.
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F. Political Contributions
No SIMG employee may make a political contribution for the purpose of obtaining or retaining investment advisory business with government entities. SIMG’s current or anticipated business relationships should not be a consideration for you in your decision to make any political or charitable contribution. SEC Rule 206(4)-5 restricts many political contributions by investment advisers and their employees, and all SIMG employees must comply with SIMG’s Pay-to-Play procedures which are an attachment to SIMG’s Compliance Manual. Further, all Supervised Persons must comply with all relevant provisions of Stephens’ Policies and Procedures Regarding Political Contributions as provided in the Stephens Compliance Manual. SIMG and Stephens procedures require that SIMG employees must seek pre-approval for any political contributions they wish to make, or political fund-raising and volunteer activities in which they wish to participate.
G. Confidentiality
Access Persons and Supervised Persons are prohibited from revealing information relating to the investment intentions, activities or portfolios of any advisory client, except to persons whose responsibilities require knowledge of the information to provide investment account services. Information concerning portfolio holdings may only be disclosed in accordance with the SIMG portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Confidential information that is not public is considered to be proprietary to SIMG and/or Stephens. This includes information about SIMG and Stephens, and their respective clients, potential clients, business, policies, procedures, practices and employees. The privacy of records and other information regarding clients, potential clients, and employees must be maintained.
Proprietary information may not be used for personal advantage or revealed to anyone outside the company without legal due process or as required by law; any outside requests for such information must be approved by the Stephens and SIMG Compliance Departments.
If your employment with SIMG is terminated, you may not keep any originals or copies of any information (notes, proposals, statements, etc.) belonging to the company, or use any confidential or proprietary information for your own or another’s gain.
These confidentiality provisions apply both during the term of your employment with SIMG and/or Stephens and following the termination of your employment with SIMG and/or Stephens.
As noted above in Section II.C., all Access and Supervised Persons are subject to the provisions of Chapter 1 of the Stephens Compliance Manual (“The Handling of Sensitive Information”).
H. Service as a Director
No Supervised Person may serve on the board of directors of a publicly-held company absent prior written authorization by the Chief Operating Officer of Stephens. This authorization will rarely, if ever, be granted and, if granted, will normally require that the individual be isolated, through a Chinese Wall or other procedures, from those making investment decisions related to the issuer on whose board the individual sits.
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Every Supervised Person of SIMG is required to disclose the holding of any outside directorates or offices in other companies, including public companies, at the time of employment. After that time, if you wish to hold any outside directorates or offices in other companies, including public companies, you must make a written request and obtain prior written approval from your departmental supervisor and from the Chief Operating Officer of Stephens, with copies to the Stephens and SIMG Compliance Departments.
Any Supervised Person who is a director of a publicly held company may not participate in any investment decisions regarding such company.
I. Outside Business Activities
Supervised Persons must comply with Section 3.06 of the Stephens Compliance Manual with regard to outside business activities.
J. Outside Employment
Before pursuing any outside employment, a Supervised Person must make a written request and obtain prior written approval from his or her departmental supervisor and the Chief Operating Officer of Stephens, with copies to the Human Resources Department and SIMG Compliance Department.
K. Undue Influence
Supervised Persons may not cause or attempt to cause SIMG to purchase, sell or hold any security in a manner calculated to create any personal benefit to the Supervised Person. If a Supervised Person stands to benefit materially from an investment decision for a client and the Supervised Person is making or participating in the investment decision, the Supervised Person must disclose the potential benefit to the SIMG Chief Compliance Officer prior to acting.
L. Proxy Voting
It is the policy of SIMG to vote all proxies on securities held in advisory accounts over which SIMG has voting authority in the best economic interests of its clients in accordance with SIMG’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. Supervised Persons involved in the proxy voting determination process should not be influenced by the interest of SIMG or Stephens Inc. (or its affiliates) in connection with any such determination.
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III. COMPLIANCE AND REPORTING PROCEDURES
A. Preclearance Requirements
1. Trade Authorization Request Form .
(a) Investment Persons. Prior to directly or indirectly acquiring or disposing of Beneficial Ownership in any security (except those described in Section II.D.3. of this Code, shares of any Reportable Fund and securities excepted from the preclearance approval requirement in Section II.D.2.), an Investment Person must complete a Trade Authorization Request form (Appendix I) and submit the completed form to a Preclearance Officer. The form requires certain information and certain representations.
(b) Access and Supervised Persons. Prior to directly or indirectly acquiring Beneficial Ownership in any privately placed security, an Access or Supervised Person must complete a Trade Authorization Request form (Appendix I) and submit the completed form to a Preclearance Officer. The form requires certain information and certain representations. Proposed securities transactions of a Preclearance Officer that require preclearance must be submitted to another Preclearance Officer.
2. Review of Proposed Investment . After receiving a completed Trade Authorization Request form, a Preclearance Officer will (a) review the information set forth in the form, (b) review information regarding past, pending, and contemplated transactions by any relevant advisory account(s), as necessary, and (c) as soon as reasonably practicable, determine whether to authorize the proposed securities transactions. The granting of authorization, and the date and time that authorization was granted must be reflected on the form. The Preclearance Officer should keep one copy of the completed form for the Compliance Department and provide one copy to the person seeking authorization . Authorization, if granted, is good for the day of grant only.
No order for a securities transaction for which preclearance authorization is required may be placed prior to the receipt of written authorization of the transaction by a Preclearance Officer. Verbal approvals are not permitted.
3. No Explanation Required for Refusals. In some cases, a Preclearance Officer may refuse to authorize a securities transaction for a reason that is confidential. Preclearance Officers are not required to give an explanation for refusing to authorize any securities transactions.
B. Reporting Requirements
1. Initial and Periodic Disclosure of Personal Holdings by Access Persons. Before the close of business on the tenth (10 th ) day after being designated as an Access Person and on an annual basis thereafter, an Access Person must disclose to the SIMG Compliance Department all Reportable Securities in which such Access Person has a Beneficial Ownership. (See the Acknowledgement and Certification (Appendix II)). The report of securities holdings must include (i) the title and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, type of security, number of shares and principal amount (if applicable) of each Reportable Security in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership; (ii) the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the Access Person’s direct or indirect benefit; and (iii) the date the report is submitted. The information supplied must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the annual report is submitted. For new Access Persons, the information must be current as of the date the person became an Access Person. (Note: With respect to accounts maintained at Stephens coded as accounts in which the Access Person has Beneficial Ownership, no separate reporting is required.)
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2. Transactions and Periodic Statement Reporting Requirements . Each Access Person must arrange for the Stephens Compliance Department to receive from any broker, dealer or bank that maintains a securities account in which such person has a Beneficial Ownership copies of each confirmation and periodic statement (monthly or quarterly) pertaining to the account no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. (Note: With respect to accounts maintained at Stephens coded as accounts in which the Access Person has Beneficial Ownership, no separate reporting is required.) In addition, each Access Person must arrange for the Stephens Inc. Compliance Department to receive from any 401(k) or other retirement plan recordkeeper that maintains an account holding any Reportable Security in which such person has a Beneficial Ownership (e.g., an employee’s 401(k) account that holds shares of an SIMG or H&W advised mutual fund; a 401(k) account in a former employer’s plan that holds company stock; a spouse’s 401(k) plan that holds company stock) copies of each account statement pertaining to such account no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. If, in any case, delivery directly from any such broker, dealer, bank or 401(k) or other retirement plan recordkeeper to the Stephens Compliance Department is not possible, then the Access Person himself/herself must deliver any such confirmations or statements to the Stephens Compliance Department directly within the same time period. The following information must be provided:
· | With respect to confirmations and statements, (i) the date of the transaction, the title and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount (if applicable) of each security involved; (ii) the nature of the transaction (e.g., purchase, sale); (iii) the price of the security at which the transaction was effected; (iv) the name of the broker, dealer, or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and (v) the date the report is submitted; and |
· | With respect to holdings statements, (i) the title and type of security, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and principal amount (if applicable) of each security in which the Access Person has Beneficial Ownership, and (ii) the name of the financial institution with which the Access Person maintains an account in which any security is held. |
Stephens Inc. requires all employees of Stephens and SIMG to maintain their brokerage accounts, and the accounts of certain closely related parties (e.g., accounts of spouses and dependent children and accounts for which the employee serves as trustee) at Stephens, unless the employee’s Department Head and the Stephens Chief Operating Officer have granted written approval. Such approval will be granted only in limited instances, based on whether adherence to the policy would be unreasonable in the circumstances.
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3. Reporting Exemptions . You need not report:
a. securities transactions in accounts over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control;
b. transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan such as a dividend reinvestment plan;
4. Availability of Reports. All information supplied pursuant to this Code may be made available for inspection to the management of SIMG and/or Stephens and their respective legal and compliance personnel.
C. Required Acknowledgement and Certification
SIMG shall provide a copy of the Code (including any amendments thereto) to Access Persons and Supervised Persons. Access Persons and Supervised Persons must, among other things, annually acknowledge receipt of the Code and certify that they have read, understood, and complied with the Code. (See attached Appendix II.) Access Persons may be required to certify quarterly as to the activity (or lack thereof) in their securities accounts.
IV. RECORDKEEPING
SIMG will maintain the following records in a readily accessible place:
· | A copy of each Code that has been in effect at any time during the past five years; |
· | A record of any violation of the Code and any action taken as a result of such violation for five years from the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred; |
· | A record of all written acknowledgements of receipt of the code and amendments for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, a Supervised Person; |
· | Holdings and transactions reports made pursuant to the Code, including any brokerage confirmation and account statements made in lieu of these reports; |
· | A list of the names of persons who are currently, or within the past five years were, Access Persons and/or Investment Persons; |
· | A record of any decision and supporting reasons for approving the acquisition of securities by any personnel in private placements for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which approval was granted; and |
· | Any decisions that grant any Supervised Person or Access Person a waiver from or exception to the Code. |
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V. COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE OF ETHICS
A. Training and Education
Training will occur periodically on this Code. All Access and Supervised Persons are required to attend any applicable training sessions and/or read any applicable material.
B. Review of Transactions
The Compliance Department will review securities transactions for compliance with this Code. Particular attention will be paid to transactions in securities traded in client portfolios when such personal transactions occur within close proximity of any transaction in the same security in a client account. Securities transactions for the Chief Compliance Officer will be reviewed by SIMG’s Compliance Analyst for compliance with this Code.
C. Investigating Violations of the Code
The SIMG Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for investigating any suspected violation of the Code and shall report the results of each investigation to SIMG management and in appropriate circumstances to Legal Counsel.
D. Annual Reports
The SIMG Chief Compliance Officer will review the Code at least once a year to assess the adequacy of the Code and the effectiveness of its implementation, in light of legal and business developments and experience in implementing the Code, and will report his/her findings to SIMG management. The report will include:
1. A summary of existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in the procedures made during the past year;
2. Identification of any violation requiring significant remedial action during the past year; and
3. Identification of any recommended changes based on his/or experience under the Code, evolving industry practices, or developments in applicable laws or regulations.
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VI. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE CODE OF ETHICS
A. Duty To Report
Supervised Persons must report violations, including apparent or suspected violations of the SIMG Code of Ethics, promptly to the SIMG Chief Compliance Officer. Such reports, which may be submitted anonymously, will be treated confidentially to the extent permitted by law and investigated promptly and appropriately.
B. Sanctions
Any violation of this Code of Ethics or applicable rules and regulations shall result in sanctions which may include, but are not limited to, fines, suspension from employment, a letter of censure, restitution to any client account of an amount equal to the advantage gained by reason of such violation, and/or termination.
VII. FURTHER INFORMATION
If at any time you have any questions regarding the policies, procedures or requirements of
this Code of Ethics, please discuss them with your manager, the SIMG Chief Compliance Officer or Stephens Ethics Officer.
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TRADE AUTHORIZATION REQUEST
1. | Name of Person: |
2. | Account Title: |
3. | Firm and Account Number: |
4. | Name of Security: |
5. | Maximum number of shares or units to be purchased or sold or amount of bond: |
6. | Approximate dollar value of transaction: |
7. | Check applicable boxes: Purchase ¨ Sale ¨ |
In connection with the foregoing transaction, I hereby make the following representations:
I do not possess any material nonpublic information regarding the Security or the issuer of the Security.
I am not aware that any SIMG advisory account has an open order to buy or sell the Security or a Related Security or that any SIMG portfolio manager is contemplating making a trade in the Security or a Related Security.
By entering this order, I am not using knowledge of any open, executed, or pending transaction by SIMG, Stephens or any client account to profit by the market effect of such transaction.
I believe that the proposed trade fully complies with the requirements of the SIMG Code of Ethics.
* | ||
Signature | Date | Time |
* This document may be submitted electronically by email or via facsimile. By typing your name on the signature line you represent, by electronic signature, your understanding and agreement to the representations contained on this form.
TRADE
AUTHORIZATION OR DENIAL
(to be completed by Preclearance Officer)
Name of Preclearance Officer | Date | Time |
* | Approved | Denied |
Signature of Preclearance Officer |
Preclearance Officers: | |
David Prince | Laura Neve |
Phone: 2151 | Phone: 2203 |
Fax: 377-2677 | Fax: 377-2327 |
Email: david.prince@stephens.com | Email: laura.neve@stephens.com |
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Appendix II
Acknowledgement and Certification
· | I have read the Code of Ethics, and I understand that it applies to me and to all securities in which I have or acquire any Beneficial Ownership. |
· | I have read the definition of “Beneficial Ownership” and understand that I may be deemed to have a Beneficial Ownership in securities owned by members of my immediate family and that securities transactions effected by members of my immediate family may therefore be subject to this Code. |
· | I acknowledge that in accordance with this Code, I will obtain prior written authorization for all securities transactions required to have preclearance in which I have or acquire a Beneficial Ownership. |
· | I agree to disgorge and forfeit any profits on prohibited transactions in accordance with the requirements of the Code. |
· | As a new employee and annually thereafter, I will read the Code and complete an Acknowledgment and Certification. |
· | To the extent applicable, I certify that I have complied with the Code during the applicable time frame. |
Name | |
Signature | Date |
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Exhibit 99.(p)(16)
Bridgeway Capital Management, Inc. (“BCM”)
Bridgeway Funds, Inc. (the “Funds”)
Code of Ethics and Personal Trading Policy
October 18, 2016
I. | Overview |
The purpose of this Code of Ethics and Personal Trading Policy (“Code”) is to set forth standards of conduct and personal trading guidelines that are intended to comply with Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”), and Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”) and capture the spirit of the CFA Institute’s Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. BCM and the Funds expect each Access Person to follow the guidelines and requirements herein.
Every Access Person will be required to certify annually that:
· | S/he has received this Code and any amendments to this Code; |
· | S/he has read and understood this Code and recognizes s/he is subject to its provisions; and |
· | S/he has complied with the applicable provisions of this Code and has reported all personal Securities transactions and holdings required to be reported under Section III of this policy. |
Please see Glossary of Terms for definitions of italicized terms used throughout this Code. Questions concerning this policy should be directed to the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) of BCM and the Funds.
II. | Standards of Conduct |
The Advisers Act imposes a fiduciary duty on all investment advisers, including BCM. As a fiduciary, BCM has a duty of utmost good faith to act solely in the best interests of each of its Clients , including the Funds. In meeting this fiduciary duty, BCM and its Access Persons must strive to avoid and/or if appropriate, manage and/or disclose identified potential or actual conflicts of interest. Clients entrust the firm to prudently manage their assets, which in turn places a high standard on the conduct and integrity of Access Persons . This fiduciary duty compels all Access Persons to act with the utmost integrity in all dealings. This fiduciary duty is the core principle underlying this Code and represents the expected basis of all dealings with BCM’s Clients and the Funds’ shareholders.
As stewards of other people’s money, BCM strives to uphold its business values of integrity, performance record, cost efficiency and quality service. BCM’s four business values are stated in order; it is not by accident that integrity is at the top of this list. BCM will not compromise integrity to excel in any other area. Long term, BCM believes its commitment to integrity will actually contribute to better investment performance, service quality, and efficiency as well - but even if it doesn’t - integrity will prevail. BCM’s staff members look for ways to challenge each other positively to strive to meet this ideal. BCM encourages staff members to have open and honest communication to help each other uphold the firm’s core values, build a participant environment for all staff members and strengthen accountability of its teams. BCM is committed to this endeavor as evidenced by its staff meetings and periodic training to improve our communication skills.
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In connection with the expectations outlined above and in an attempt to manage conflicts of interest, BCM and the Funds have established the following core principles of conduct. While the following principles are not all-encompassing, they are consistent with BCM and the Funds’ culture of trust, honesty, integrity, and openness which is evident throughout BCM.
A. | Core Principles |
1. | Access Persons are required to comply with Federal Securities Laws . Strict adherence to BCM’s compliance policy manual and guidance provided by the CCO will assist Access Persons in complying with this important requirement; |
2. | The interests of Clients , and the Funds’ shareholders are required to be placed ahead of those of all others; |
3. | Access Persons are prohibited from taking inappropriate advantage of their position with BCM or the Funds (as applicable); |
4. | Access Persons should attempt to avoid any actual conflict of interest with any Client ; |
5. | Personal Securities transactions are required to be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code, and should not adversely impact a Client’s account; and |
6. | BCM and the Funds will strive to foster a healthy culture of compliance. |
B. | General Prohibitions |
The Advisers Act prohibits fraudulent activities by Access Persons . Specifically, Access Persons may not:
1. | Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a Client ; |
2. | Make any untrue statement of a material fact to a Client or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to a Client not misleading, in light of the circumstances under which they are made; |
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3. | Engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as fraud or deceit on a Client ; or |
4. | Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Client . |
C. | Personal Conduct |
1. | Acceptance of Gifts and Receipt of Business Entertainment |
a. | Acceptance of Gifts |
Access Persons may not accept any gifts over $100 in value from any one person or entity doing business with or potentially doing business with BCM or the Funds on a calendar year basis, excluding perishable items with the exception of accounts subject to Department of Labor (“DOL”) oversight (such as ERISA qualified accounts), whereby BCM will limit the value of any gift or other offering to the value determined by BCM’s understanding of current DOL accepted standards. If a gift is received by an Access Person valued at more than $100 it must be reported to the Compliance Team and the gift must be returned. Perishable items may be accepted and shared with other staff members to the extent possible.
Receipt of Business Entertainment
This policy along with BCM’s Gift and Business Entertainment Policy do not impose a dollar limit on the receipt of business entertainment, items or events where the Access Person has reason to believe there is a legitimate business purpose, for example, business entertainment such as a dinner or a sporting event, of reasonable value. However, no Access Person may accept entertainment deemed to be excessive. A representative of the entity providing the entertainment must be present at the event to be considered legitimate business entertainment. If a representative is not at the event, then the entertainment is considered a gift subject to the limitations described in this policy and BCM’s Gift and Entertainment Policy.
See BCM’s Gift and Business Entertainment Policy for additional details.
2. | Giving of Gifts and Business Entertainment |
a. | Giving of Gifts |
Access Persons are prohibited from giving any gift, gratuity, hospitality or other offering of more than $100 to any person or entity doing business with BCM or the Funds during a calendar year with the exception of accounts subject to DOL oversight (such as ERISA qualified accounts), whereby BCM will limit the value of any gift or other offering to the value determined by BCM’s understanding of current DOL accepted standards. All gifts, with the exception of de minimis perishable items, provided shall be reported to the Compliance.
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b. | Giving of Business Entertainment |
The limits on providing gifts described above do not include providing business entertainment – items or events where the Access Person has reason to believe there is a legitimate business purpose, for example, business entertainment such as golf, a dinner or a sporting event, of reasonable value with the exception of accounts subject to DOL oversight (such as ERISA qualified accounts), whereby BCM will limit the value of any gift or other offering to the value determined by BCM’s understanding of current DOL accepted standards. As a general rule, an Access Person is expected to attend any concert or sporting event where the entertainment is provided by BCM or the Funds. If an Access Person is unable to attend, the entertainment provided to the recipient shall be considered a gift, subject to the limitations outlined above.
See BCM’s Gift and Business Entertainment Policy for additional details.
3. | Charitable Contributions |
BCM and/or Access Persons may not make charitable contributions to organizations with the intention of unduly influencing (either directly or indirectly such as through the charitable contribution matching program) a third-party that has a current relationship with BCM and/or the Funds or is considered a business prospect.
4. | Political Contributions |
Access Persons may only make political contributions as permitted in BCM’s Political Contributions Policy. Access Persons are prohibited from making political contributions for the purpose of obtaining or retaining advisory contracts. In addition, Access Persons are prohibited from considering BCM or the Funds’ current or anticipated business relationships as a factor in making political contributions. See BCM’s Political Contributions Policy for additional details.
5. | Service on Company Boards (For Profit and Not-For-Profit) |
Any Access Person wishing to serve as director (or an equivalent position) for an outside public company or private company (for profit or not-for-profit) must first seek prior approval from the CCO. The CCO, in reviewing the request, will determine whether such service is consistent with the interests of BCM, the Funds, Clients and the Funds’ shareholders. See BCM’s Supervision of Outside Activities Policy for further information.
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6. | Outside Business Activities |
Access Persons wishing to engage in outside business activities for compensation must seek approval from their Team Leader, BCM’s President and the CCO. If requested, Access Persons must provide periodic reports to the CCO, or her designee, summarizing those outside business activities. See BCM’s Supervision of Outside Activities Policy for further information.
D. | Protection of Non-Public Information |
1. | Access Persons are expected to exercise diligence and care in maintaining and protecting Client and Fund shareholder non-public information as outlined in BCM’s Privacy Policy. |
2. | Access Persons are also expected to not divulge information regarding BCM’s Securities recommendations or Client Securities holdings to any individual outside of the firm, except as approved by the CCO. |
3. | Access Persons may not purchase or sell a security, on behalf of the firm or themselves, while in possession of material, non-public information, as outlined in BCM’s Insider Trading Policy. |
4. | Access Persons are expected to adhere to any Advised Fund’s policy on the disclosure of mutual fund holdings. |
III. | Personal Trading Policy |
BCM encourages all Access Persons , but Investment Management Team (“IMT”) members especially, to hold shares of the Funds (or any other Advised Fund) as their primary method of investment. The firm’s investors should be able to expect the best performance BCM is able to achieve. In short, they should be able to say, “I want to invest in what they are investing in.”
A. | Prohibited Transactions |
1. | All Access Persons |
Unless specifically permitted within this Code and excluding all personal Securities transactions exempt from pre-clearance in Section III(B)(3), no Access Person shall execute a transaction in a Security when BCM (on behalf of its Clients ):
a. | Is purchasing or selling in Client accounts; |
b. | Has recommended for purchase or sale in Client accounts; |
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c. | Has decided to purchase or sell in Client accounts but has not yet made the recommendation; or |
d. | Has a current model buy or sell signal but has not yet made a final decision related to such Security . |
In addition, the following restrictions apply:
a. | Access Persons may not purchase or sell derivatives or options when a personal security transaction (or pre-clearance request) in its underlying Security would be denied, regardless of whether or not the derivatives or options are being traded by BCM. |
In certain circumstances the CCO may approve the sale of a personal Security even if one or more of the conditions above is present if she determines: 1) no client is harmed as a result of the transaction; 2) not approving the sale would result in a significant financial detriment to the Access Person ; and 3) the Access Person is not unfairly advantaged as a result of the transaction.
2. | Investment Management Team (“IMT”) Restrictions |
IMT members, including portfolio managers (with the exclusion of the Trading Team Leader who is a named portfolio manager for one strategy) may not purchase any Security that is held in any Client portfolio or is in BCM’s investable universe, except ETFs (which must be pre-approved and meet the reporting requirements outlined below), Advised Funds and Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs) (which must meet the reporting requirements), or as an approved exception per Section III(B)(3). BCM’s investable universe is defined as a Security eligible for purchase or sale in Client accounts including securities listed on an U.S. exchange, including common stocks, REITs, limited partnerships, tracking stocks, ADRs, NY registered shares and global depository receipts or a related security of a Security available on a foreign exchange. Under limited circumstances, and subject to pre-clearance requirements, members of IMT may sell Securities which are, or could be held in Client portfolios or in the investable universe.
B. | Personal Trading Restrictions |
1. | Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and Private Placements (Limited Offerings) |
Access Persons are prohibited from acquiring Securities in an IPO or Limited Offering unless there is a prior approval on a pre-clearance form. However, IMT members are prohibited from investing in IPOs.
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2. | Holdings at the Time of Becoming an Access Person |
When an individual, including a member of IMT, becomes an Access Person he or she will, generally, not be required to sell Securities held in personal accounts that are also held in Client accounts as long as the individual complies with the reporting requirements of this Code. This provision is subject to the Chief Investment Officer’s (“CIO”) review of all Access Persons’ personal securities holdings at the time of being designated an Access Person and annually thereafter.
3. | Pre-Clearance of Personal Securities Transactions |
Pre-clearance is required for all personal securities transactions with the exception of those outlined below:
a. | Shares of registered open-end investment companies including Advised Funds (ETFs are not considered open-end investment companies for purposes of this Code, and therefore must be pre-cleared); |
b. | Direct obligations of the United States Government; |
c. | Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
d. | Shares issued by any money market fund; |
e. | Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-ended investment companies, including Advised Funds ; |
f. | Transactions in accounts not managed by BCM, in which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control, including Managed Accounts ; |
g. | Master Limited Partnerships (“MLP”); |
h. | Securities acquired through stock dividends, automatic dividend reinvestments, stock splits, reverse stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions generally applicable to all holders of the same class of Securities; and |
i. | Transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan . |
Access Persons may not engage in personal securities transactions unless it has been approved through BCM’s pre-clearance process. Access Persons seeking pre-clearance of personal securities transactions must complete and submit a pre-clearance request through BCM’s electronic personal trading module. John Montgomery, Elena Khoziaeva and Michael Whipple, members of IMT, are authorized to approve pre-clearance transactions. In certain circumstances the CCO may approve the sale of a personal security per Section III(A)(1) above. Under no circumstances may someone approve/disapprove his/her own pre-clearance request. All approved personal securities transactions must be completed within one trading day following the date of approval except as otherwise noted below. If the trade is not executed within this one day period, a new pre-clearance request must be submitted.
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A new pre-clearance request will not be required if a trade is not completed within one trading day in certain circumstances including, but not limited to, the following: (i) delays in execution related to a transfer of securities; (ii) delays in execution related to gifts or donations of securities made in-kind; (iii) delays in the completion of a trade involving low liquidity stocks; and (iv) trades in illiquid or low liquidity stocks where a member of IMT determined how long the Access Person has to trade the S ecurity prior to approving the pre-clearance request. Members of IMT are responsible for documenting such delays and immediately communicating such delays to the CCO.
No explanations are required for refusals. In some cases, trades may be rejected for reasons that are confidential and/or subjective.
IV. | Reporting Requirements (excluding the Funds’ Independent Directors) |
A. | Quarterly Transaction Report |
1. | Timing of Report |
Access Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report to the CCO, or his designee, through BCM’s electronic personal trading module, within 30 calendar days following the end of each calendar quarter.
2. | Content of Report |
a. | Each Quarterly Transaction Report must include the following information about transactions in Securities in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership : |
i. | Date of Transaction |
ii. | Name of Security |
iii. | Ticker Symbol or CUSIP Number, as applicable |
iv. | Interest Rate and Maturity Date, as applicable |
v. | Number of Shares or Par |
vi. | Principal Amount |
vii. | Nature of Transaction (i.e., Purchase or Sale) |
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viii. | Price of Security |
ix. | Name of Broker |
x. | Date of the Report |
b. | Transactions in the following securities are not required to be reported: |
i. | Shares of registered open-end investment companies that are not Advised Funds (note: transactions in the Funds within the BCM Partner Stock Option Plan (“PSOP”) are required to be reported). (ETFs are not considered open-end investment companies for purposes of this Code, and therefore must be reported); |
ii. | Direct obligations of the United States Government; |
iii. | Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and other high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
iv. | Shares issued by any money market fund; |
v. | Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end investment companies, none of which are Advised Funds . |
vi. | Transactions in accounts not managed by BCM, in which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control, including Managed Accounts ; and |
vii. | Transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan . |
c. | Access Persons must also indicate on the Quarterly Transaction Report whether they established any new accounts during the previous quarter, |
d. | Access Persons may provide investment statements with the report if they contain all the required information described above. Either a hard copy or an electronic version is acceptable. |
e. | Regardless of the method of communication of transactions to BCM or whether the Access Person had reportable transactions, all Access Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report. |
B. | Initial and Annual Holdings Report |
1. | Timing of Report |
a. | Access Persons are required to submit an Initial and Annual Portfolio Holdings Report to the CCO, or her designee, through BCM’s electronic personal trading module indicating all personal securities holdings within 10 calendar days upon becoming an Access Person of BCM and on an annual basis thereafter, within 30 days of calendar year-end. The CCO will submit his/her Initial and Annual Portfolio Holdings Report to the CIO. |
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2. | Content of Report |
a. | Each Holdings Report must be current as of a date not more than 45 calendar days prior to submission and include the following information about the securities in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership : |
i. | Name and Type of Security |
ii. | Ticker Symbol or CUSIP number |
iii. | Number of Shares or Par |
iv. | Principal Amount |
v. | Broker or Bank Name |
vi. | Date of the Report |
b. | Access Persons do not have to include the following securities on their Holdings Report: |
i. | Direct obligations of the United States government; |
ii. | Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
iii. | Shares issued by any money market fund; |
iv. | Shares of registered open-end investment companies, except Advised Funds , which are included (ETFs are not considered open-end investment companies for purposes of this Code, and therefore must be reported); |
v. | Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end investment companies, none of which are Advised Funds ; and |
vi. | Holdings in accounts not managed by BCM, in which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control, including Managed Accounts. |
c. | Investment statements may by submitted in lieu of the Holdings Report as long as all required information is included on the statements. Either a hard copy or an electronic version is acceptable. |
d. | Regardless of the method of communication of holdings to BCM, all Access Persons must submit an Initial and Annual Portfolio Holdings Report. |
C. | Managed Accounts |
In order to establish a Managed Account , an Access Person must grant to the external investment manager complete investment discretion over the account. In addition, the Access Person must provide documentation evidencing s/he does not have discretion over the account to the CCO who will determine whether the account is approved as a Managed Account . Reporting, including pre-clearance, is not required for trades in this type of an account; however, Access Persons may not participate, directly or indirectly in individual investment decisions or be made aware of such decisions before transactions are executed and must certify as such to the CCO on a quarterly basis. This restriction does not preclude Access Persons from establishing investment guidelines for the manager, such as indicating industries to invest in, the types of securities to purchase or overall investment objectives. However, these guidelines may not be changed so frequently as to give the appearance that the Access Person is actually directing account investments.
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D. | Review of Personal Securities Reports |
The CCO, or her designee, reviews reports submitted by Access Persons and prepares a quarterly report to the Adviser’s Compliance Committee of personal securities trading and reporting violations.
The CCO submits her own personal securities reports, as required. The Chief Investment Officer will review the CCO’s reports on an annual basis. In no case should an Access Person review his/her own report.
V. | Reporting to the Funds’ Board of Directors |
The Funds’ CCO shall provide a quarterly report to the Funds’ Board of Directors which shall identify any violations which required remedial action during the past quarter.
At least annually, the Funds’ CCO shall prepare a written report to the Funds’ Board of Directors that:
A. | Describes any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report to the Funds’ Board of Directors, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and |
B. | Certifies that BCM and the Funds have adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Code. |
VI. | Requirements of the Funds’ Independent Directors |
The Funds’ Independent Directors are exempt from abiding by the Personal Conduct provisions of Section II(C). In addition, Independent Directors are exempt from all personal trading, pre-clearance and reporting requirements outlined above in Sections III and IV except as the following describes. An Independent Director of the Funds need only report a transaction in a Security if such director knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a director of the Funds, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately before or after the date of the transaction by the director, such Security was purchased or sold by the Funds or was being considered for purchase or sale by the Funds. Such transactions shall be reported to and monitored by the Funds’ CCO.
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VII. | Requirements for Exempt- Access Persons |
Exempt-Access Persons are exempt from abiding by the Personal Conduct provisions of Section II(C). In addition, Exempt-Access Persons are exempt from all personal trading, pre-clearance and reporting requirements outlined above in Sections III and IV.
VIII. | Reporting of Violations |
All Access Persons (including Exempt-Access Persons ) shall report promptly any violation or suspected violation of this Code (including the discovery of any violation committed by another Access Person ) to the CCO. Examples of items that should be reported include (but are not limited to): non-compliance with Federal Securities Laws ; conduct that is harmful to Clients ; and trading in Securities contrary to the Code.
Such persons are encouraged to report any violations or perceived violations as such good faith reports will not be viewed negatively by BCM or the Funds’ management, even if the reportable event, upon investigation, is determined not to be a violation and the CCO determines the Access Person reported such apparent violation in good faith.
The CCO prepares a quarterly report of personal trading and reporting violations for review by BCM’s Compliance Committee. The CCO will determine whether such violations should be reported to any mutual fund board for which BCM acts as adviser or sub-adviser.
IX. | Sanctions |
Upon discovering a violation of the Code, the CCO and President or the Funds may impose such sanctions as they deem appropriate, including, among other sanctions, a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment of the violator.
X. | Board of Director Approval |
The Funds’ Board of Directors shall approve any material changes to the Code within six months of the adoption of the material change.
XI. | Record Keeping Requirements |
The following records will be kept in accordance with this Code and for at least the minimum time periods required under applicable Federal Securities Laws :
A. | Current and historic copies of the Code; |
B. | Access Persons’ written acknowledgement of receipt of the Code; |
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C. | Historic listings of all Access Persons subject to the Code; |
D. | Violations of the Code, and records of action taken as a result of the violations; |
E. | All personal securities transactions and holdings reports made by Access Persons and/or copies of investment account confirmations and statements; |
F. | All pre-clearance requests and approvals/disapprovals of personal Security trading by Access Persons , including documentation of the reasons for the approval/disapproval; and |
G. | Any reports made to an Advised Fund’s Board of Directors. |
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Glossary of Terms
A. | Access Person means any employee, director, or officer of BCM or the Funds; any other person the CCO has determined to be an Access Person because he or she is involved in making securities recommendations to Clients or has access to non-public information regarding (i) purchases or sales of securities, (ii) Security recommendations or (iii) portfolio holdings. |
B. | Advised Fund means any investment company for which BCM serves as investment adviser or sub-adviser, as defined in Section 2(a)(20) of the 1940 Act. |
C. | Automatic Investment Plan means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan. |
D. | Beneficial Ownership has the same meaning as in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”) except that the term applies to both debt and equity securities. As a general matter, “beneficial ownership” will be attributed to an Access Person who has or shares a direct or indirect Monetary interest in a Security , including through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise or who has investment control over the account in which the Access Person is beneficiary. An Access Person is not considered to have a direct or indirect pecuniary interest by virtue of a power of attorney, trusteeship or executorship unless the Access Person or a member of his or her immediate family sharing the same household has a vested interest in the securities held in, or the income of, the assets of the account, trust or estate. |
Beneficial Ownership typically includes:
1. | Securities held in a person’s own name; |
2. | Securities held with another in joint ownership arrangements; |
3. | Securities held by a bank or broker as nominee or custodian on such person’s behalf or pledged as collateral for a loan; |
4. | Securities held by immediate family members sharing the same household (“immediate family” means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships); and |
5. | Securities owned by a corporation which is directly or indirectly controlled by, or under common control with, such person. |
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Any uncertainty as to whether an Access Person beneficially owns a Security should be brought to the attention of the CCO.
E. | Client means any person or entity for which BCM serves as an investment adviser or sub-adviser, including the Funds. |
F. | Exempt-Access Person is an individual who falls under the definition of Access Person that the CCO has determined: (1) does not have access to nonpublic information with respect to Client holdings, transactions or securities recommendations; and (2) is not involved in the recommendation process . Exempt-Access Persons must, prior to being so designated and at least annually thereafter, certify to the CCO, as to the relevant facts and circumstances that formed the basis of the CCO’s above-described determination. |
G. | Federal Securities Laws means the Securities Act of 1933 (“1933 Act”), the 1934 Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley A ct of 2002, the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to investment companies and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the SEC or the Department of Treasury. |
H. | Independent Director means a director of the Funds who is not an “interested person” of the Funds within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. |
I. | Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) means an offering of securities registered under the 1933 Act, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act. |
J. | Limited Offering , including a Private Placement , is defined as equity positions within non-public companies and is exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) under the 1933 Act, or Rule 504, 505 or 506 under said Act. |
K. | Managed Account is an investment account managed by an external entity in which the Access Person has no discretion over the specific securities purchased or sold within the investment account. |
L. | Monetary interest has the same meaning as “pecuniary interest” as described in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the 1934 Act; the opportunity to directly or indirectly profit or share in any profit derived from a Security transaction. |
M. | Private Placement has the same meaning as “ Limited Offering ”. |
N. | Purchase or sale of a security includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Security , the conversion of a convertible Security , and the exercise of a warrant for the purchase of a Security . |
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O. | Security has the same meaning as set forth in Section 202(a)(18) of the Advisers Act. Some of the more common instruments included in this definition are any note, stock, treasury stock, bond debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, interest in a Private Placement , or any put, call, straddle or option on any Security or on any group or index of securities. Please note that shares of closed-end funds and derivatives and options of Securities are included in the definition of Security. Furthermore, all shares of ETFs, whether organized as open-end funds or otherwise, are considered Securities for purposes of this Code. |
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Exhibit 99.(p)(17)
APPENDIX H
CODE OF ETHICS AND CONDUCT
Revised September, 2016
INTRODUCTION
Holland Capital Management LLC (“Holland Capital”) has adopted this Code of Ethics (“Code”) in accordance with rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and the rules thereunder (“Advisers Act”). Holland Capital also acts as a sub-adviser to certain registered investment companies and is required by Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the rules thereunder (“Investment Company Act”), to adopt a written code of ethics containing provisions reasonably necessary to prevent any conduct prohibited by the anti-fraud provisions of Rule 17j-1. Accordingly, Holland Capital has developed this Code to promote the highest levels of ethical conduct among our officers and Employees. Among the purposes of the Code are to (1) educate Employees regarding Holland Capital’s expectations and the laws governing their conduct; (2) remind Employees that they are in a position of trust and must act with complete propriety at all times; (3) protect the reputation of Holland Capital; (4) guard against violation of the securities laws; (5) protect clients by deterring misconduct; and (6) establish procedures for Employees to follow so that Holland Capital can assess whether Employees are complying with its ethical principles.
Whenever the term “client” is used in this Code, please also remember that it includes registered investment company clients.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Holland Capital has a fiduciary relationship with its clients. Accordingly, it owes these clients the utmost duty of loyalty, good faith, and fair dealing. Employees are obligated to uphold these important duties. These are the principles upheld with respect to Employees’ conduct when acting on behalf of Holland Capital or in any capacity that affects the interests of the firm’s advisory clients:
1. | The duty at all times to place the interests of clients first; |
2. | The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted consistent with the Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of positions of trust and responsibility; |
3. | The fundamental standard that Employees should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions; |
4. | The fiduciary principle that information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of clients is confidential; |
5. | The principle that Holland Capital and its Employees will exercise independent, unbiased judgment in the investment decision-making process; and |
6. | The importance of acting with honesty, integrity and professionalism in all aspects of the business. |
These general principles govern all conduct, whether or not the conduct also is covered by more specific provisions below. We expect all Employees to abide by this Code both in word and in spirit. Failure to comply with this Code is a serious matter that may result in disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.
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If you have any questions or need clarification regarding what the Code does and does not permit, please do not hesitate to contact the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”).
I. | SCOPE OF THE CODE |
The Code addresses the personal trading and securities-related conduct for Employees and is an integral part of Holland Capital’s compliance program.
1. | Persons Covered by the Code: Any Employee that is subject to the Adviser’s supervision and control is subject to the Code. Certain portions of the Code also apply to “Family Members”: spouses, minor children and relatives by blood or marriage living in the same household of the Employee, or any person 18 years or older to whom the Employee is not married or related, who has lived in the same residence for more than one year and intends to do so indefinitely, and with whom the Employee has an exclusive, committed relationship. From time to time, the CCO may designate additional persons subject to the Code such as independent contractors or consultants. |
2. | Securities Covered by the Code: The term, “Covered Security” as used in this Code means any stock, bond, future, investment contract or any other instrument that is considered a “security” under the Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act. The term “Covered Security” is very broad and includes items such as (1) options on securities, indexes and currencies; (2) all kinds of limited partnerships; (3) foreign unit trusts and foreign mutual funds; (4) Exchange-traded Funds (“ETFs”) and (5) private investment funds, hedge funds, and investment clubs. |
3. | The term “Covered Security” does NOT include (1) direct obligations of the U.S. government; (2) bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and high quality short-term debt obligations, including repurchase agreements; (3) shares issued by money market funds; and (4) shares of open-end mutual funds. |
4. | The Code governs any “Covered Security” in which an Employee has any direct or indirect beneficial interest, including interests in a trust, partnership or retirement plan. For purposes of this Code, Employees are presumed to have a “beneficial interest” in securities or accounts held by a spouse, minor children, and family members sharing a household (including adult child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, sibling, or in-laws). |
5. | Employees with spouses who are employed in the securities industry must immediately notify the CCO, who will discuss the policies and procedures concerning trades by those spouses. |
6. | Funds Covered by the Code: The term “Covered Fund” means an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act for which Holland Capital serves as a sub-adviser. |
II. | STANDARD OF BUSINESS CONDUCT |
Employees are required to comply with certain standards of business conduct in accordance with Holland Capital’s fiduciary obligations to its clients.
A. Compliance With Laws and Regulations. Employees must comply with all applicable federal securities laws and are not permitted, in connection with the purchase or sale (directly or indirectly) of a security held or to be acquired by a client:
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1. | To defraud the client in any manner; |
2. | To mislead the client, including by making a statement that omits material facts; |
3. | To engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as fraud or deceit upon the client; |
4. | To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the client; or |
5. | To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price manipulation. |
B. Conflicts of Interest. As a fiduciary, Holland Capital has an affirmative duty of loyalty, honesty and good faith to act in the best interests of its clients. There are many types of potential conflicts of interests. All Employees should strive to avoid conflicts of interest and any situation that may have the appearance of a conflict or impropriety.
1. | Conflicts Among Client Interests. Employees are prohibited from inappropriate favoritism of one client over another that would constitute a breach of fiduciary duty. |
2. | Competing with Client Trades. Employees are prohibited from using knowledge about pending or currently considered securities transactions for clients to profit personally (directly or indirectly) as a result of such transactions, including by purchasing or selling such securities. Conflicts raised by personal securities transactions also are addressed more specifically below. |
3. | Disclosure of Personal Interest. Investment personnel (those who make investment decisions for clients, provide information or advice to portfolio managers or who help execute and implement portfolio management decisions), are prohibited from recommending, implementing, or considering any securities transaction for a client without having disclosed any material beneficial ownership, business or personal relationship, or other material interest in the issuer or its affiliates, to the CCO. If the CCO deems the disclosed interest to not present a material conflict, she will approve and sign off on any decision-making process regarding the securities of that issuer. This provision applies in addition to Holland Capital’s quarterly and annual personal securities reporting requirements. |
4. | Referrals/Brokerage. Employees are required to act in the best interests of clients regarding execution and other costs paid by clients for brokerage services. They must strictly adhere to Holland Capital’s policies and procedures regarding brokerage (including best execution, soft dollars and directed brokerage). For more information, see Holland Capital’s Policies and Procedures Concerning Brokerage Practices and Policies and Procedures Relating to Soft Dollars and Directed Brokerage . |
5. | Vendors and Suppliers. Employees must disclose to the CCO any personal investments or other interests in vendors or suppliers with respect to which that person negotiates or makes decisions on behalf of Holland Capital. If there is such an interest, the CCO in her sole discretion may prohibit negotiating or making decisions regarding Holland Capital’s business with those companies. |
6. | No Transactions with Clients. Employees are not permitted to knowingly sell to, or purchase from, a client any security or other property, except that securities issued by a publicly-traded client may be purchased or sold, subject to the personal trading procedures described below in section D. |
C. Insider Trading. Employees are prohibited from any trading, either personally or on behalf of others, while in possession of material, non-public information and are prohibited from communicating material non-public information to others in violation of the law. Additionally, all Employees who come into contact with material non-public information are subject to Holland Capital’s prohibitions on insider trading and any potential sanctions. See Holland Capital’s Policies and Procedures Concerning the Misuse of Material Non-Public Information. Penalties for violating Holland Capital’s insider trading policies and procedures may include civil injunctions, permanent bars from employment in the securities industry, civil penalties up to three times the profits made or losses avoided, criminal fines and jail sentences.
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D. Personal Securities Transactions. Employees and Family Members are required to strictly adhere to these policies and procedures regarding personal securities transactions.
1. | Pre-Clearance Requirement. Prior written approval from the CCO before purchasing, selling or transferring any Covered Security. See Part III. A.1 for more detail and certain exemptions. |
2. | Pre-Clearance of Limited or Private Offerings. Prior written approval by the CCO is required before acquiring securities in a limited offering (e.g., private placements). The CCO shall consider among other factors in approving such an investment, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for clients, and whether the opportunity is being offered by virtue of a position with Holland Capital. |
3. | Initial Public Offering – Prohibition. Acquiring any securities in an initial public offering is prohibited. Any exceptions to this general prohibition are subject to prior clearance and appropriate documentation by the CCO. |
4. | Short Sales . Selling a security short that is owned in any client account is prohibited. |
5. | Blackout Periods. Buying or selling a security that was purchased or sold by or for any client within three (3) business days preceding the personal purchase or sale (“blackout period”) is prohibited. Executing a securities transaction on a day during which any client has a pending “buy” or “sell” order in the same (or a related) security is prohibited until that order is either executed (subjecting them to the blackout period) or withdrawn. The CCO has the discretion to approve certain de minimis transactions (less than $10,000 in an issuer with a market capitalization of $5 billion or greater) if they occur during the blackout period. |
6. | Short-Term Trading. Restriction from short-term trading in any Covered Security or Covered Fund. For purposes of this Code, short-term trading is defined as selling within 30 days of purchase or purchasing within 30 days of sale. Any profits realized on prohibited short-term trades may be required to be disgorged. This restriction may be waived by the CCO at her discretion. |
E. Gifts, Entertainment, Sponsorships and Charitable Contributions. Conflicts of interest, both actual and apparent, may occur when Employees give or accept inappropriate gifts, favors, entertainment, special accommodations, or other things of material value that could influence decision-making or suggest obligations to a particular person or firm. Similarly, Employees should not offer gifts, favors, entertainment or other things of value that could be viewed as overly generous or aimed at influencing decision-making or making a client feel beholden. Gifts and entertainment will be reported quarterly. These policies also apply to Family Members.
1. | Gifts. Employees must pre-clear with the CCO all gifts over $200 or with an aggregate value of $250 per calendar year, per person, given to or received from a client, prospective client, or any person or entity that does or seeks to do business with Holland Capital. To be able to ensure compliance with the aggregate value limit, all gifts must be reported on a quarterly basis unless they are promotional items displaying firm logos (e.g., umbrellas, tote bags or shirts) valued under $25.00. Gifts do not include ordinary and usual business entertainment, but they may include donations, sponsorships or tickets to sporting events if a Holland Capital employee does not attend the event. |
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2. | Cash. Employees may not give or accept cash gifts or cash equivalents (e.g., gift certificates) to or from a client, prospective client, or any entity that does business with or on behalf of Holland Capital. |
3. | Business Entertainment. Employees may not provide or accept extravagant or excessive entertainment to or from a client, prospective client, or any person or entity that does or seeks to do business with or on behalf of Holland Capital. Entertainment valued greater than $250 per person per calendar year must be approved by the CCO prior to the event. Ordinary and usual entertainment may include an occasional meal, ticket to a sporting event or theater, or comparable entertainment, and the person providing the business entertainment must accompany the recipient to any such function. |
State and local ethics laws, regulations or rules may limit or prevent gift or entertainment activities with various state or local governmental entities, agencies and employees. Employees should consult the CCO in these situations. Any business entertainment involving government or public officials must be pre-approved by the CCO . A government or public official for purposes of this Code is one who holds or is invested with a public office; a person elected or appointed to carry out some portion of a government’s sovereign powers including appointed offices, judges, and state employees.
4. | Company Sponsorships and Company Charitable Contributions must be approved in advance by the CCO. |
5. | ERISA Clients . Business entertainment, gifts, gratuities, favors, expense reimbursements and personal services to current and former trustees, employees, agents and representatives of ERISA-covered benefit plan clients must not exceed an aggregate value of $250 per person per calendar year and must be disclosed quarterly. |
F. Political Contributions. Employees are prohibited from making political contributions for the purpose of obtaining or retaining advisory contracts with government entities. All political contributions will be reported quarterly. If there is a question regarding the definition of a political contribution, charitable contribution, sponsorship or donation, please consult the CCO. Please see Appendix R, Policies and Procedures Regarding Political Contributions.
G. Confidentiality. Information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of clients is confidential.
1. | Firm Duties . Holland Capital must keep all information about clients (including former clients) in strict confidence, including the clients’ identity, the client’s financial circumstances, the client’s security holdings and advice furnished to the client by the firm. |
2. | Employee Duties. Employees are prohibited from disclosing to persons outside Holland Capital any material non-public information about any client, the securities investments made by the firm on behalf of a client, information about contemplated securities transactions, or information regarding the firm’s trading strategies, except as required to effect securities transactions on behalf of a client. |
H. Service on a Board of Directors. Employees are generally prohibited from serving on the board of directors of a publicly traded company, given the high potential for conflicts of interest and insider trading issues. This policy may be waived in writing by the CCO and shall be granted only based on the best interests of Holland Capital and its clients.
I. Other Outside Activities. Employees must disclose to the CCO any personal interests that may present a conflict of interest or harm the reputation of Holland Capital. Additionally, Employees must obtain prior written approval by the CCO for other outside activities that may create a conflict of interest, including outside business or investment activities (such as directorships, consulting engagements, outside business affiliations, or public/charitable positions) and acting as an executor or trustee or accepting a power of attorney (other than with respect to a family member).
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J. Marketing and Promotional Activities. Any oral or written statement made by an Employee, including those made to clients, prospective clients, their representatives, or the media, must be professional, accurate, balanced and not misleading in any way. See Holland Capital’s Policy and Procedures Concerning Disclosures and Other Communications ( Appendix I )
III. | COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES |
A. Personal Securities Transaction Procedures and Reporting.
1. Pre-Clearance Procedures. Employees are prohibited from engaging in any transaction in a Covered Security unless written approval, in advance of the transaction, is obtained from the CCO. Approval is valid only on the day it is granted. Pre-clearance is not required for the following types of transactions:
a. Purchases or sales over which an Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control;
b. Purchases or sales pursuant to an automatic investment plan (including a dividend reinvestment plan);
c. Purchases effected upon exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuers, and sales of such rights so acquired;
d. Acquisition of securities through stock dividends, dividend reinvestments, stock splits, reverse stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, and other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions generally applicable to all holders of the same class of securities;
e. Open end investment company shares including Covered Funds;
f. Unit investment trusts.
2. Reporting Requirements.
a. Quarterly Account Establishment Reporting. Employees and their Family Members must disclose to the CCO any account opened during the quarter containing securities held for their direct or indirect benefit. If there are no accounts to report, a report must still be submitted stating such.
b. Holdings Reporting. Employees and their Family Members are required to submit to the CCO information regarding all holdings in Covered Securities and Covered Funds; such information must include (a) the title and type of security; (b) the number of shares; (c) the date purchased; (d) the principal amount of each reportable security in which the Employee has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; and (d) the name of any broker, dealer or bank utilized to effect such transactions. If there are no holdings to report on either an Initial Holdings Report or any Annual Holdings Report, nor transactions to report on any Quarterly Transaction Report, the appropriate report must still be submitted stating such.
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i. New Employees and their Family Members should submit an Initial Holdings Report within 10 days of employment with Holland Capital. Information should be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Employee.
ii. Quarterly Transaction Reports. Employees and their Family Members are required to report to the CCO all transactions in Covered Securities and Covered Funds no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Certain types of transactions, listed in subsection d below, are not required to be included in these reports.
iii. Annual Holdings Reports. Employees and their Family Members are required to report to the CCO all transactions in Covered Securities and Covered Funds no later than 45 days after the end of each calendar year. Information should be current as of December 31 of the calendar year for which the information is reported.
c. Confidentiality of Reports. Holland Capital will keep confidential all transactions and holdings reports, except to the extent necessary to implement and enforce the provisions of the Code or to comply with requests for information from government authorities.
d. Reporting Exemptions. The following reporting exemptions apply:
i. Any report with respect to securities held in accounts over which Employees and Family Members have no direct or indirect influence or control; and
ii. Any transaction report with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan (including dividend reinvestment plans).
3. Duplicate Brokerage Confirmations and Statements. Employees and their Family Members will direct brokers to provide to the CCO, on a timely basis, duplicate copies of confirmations of all personal securities transactions and copies of periodic statements for all Employee and Family Member securities accounts.
4. Monitoring of Personal Securities Transactions. The CCO is responsible for periodically reviewing personal securities transactions and holdings. Monica Walker is responsible for reviewing and monitoring the personal securities transactions of the CCO.
B. Gift and Entertainment Procedures and Reporting
1. Employees must disclose quarterly to the CCO all gifts unless they are promotional items displaying firm logos (e.g., umbrellas, tote bags or shirts) valued under $25.00 given to or received from a client, prospective client, or any person that seeks to do business with Holland Capital.
2. Employees must disclose quarterly to the CCO all business entertainment given to or received from a client, prospective client or any person that seeks to do business with Holland Capital.
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3. ERISA Clients: Employees must disclose quarterly to the CCO all gifts and business entertainment given to or received from ERISA clients.
C. Affirmations
It is the CCO’s responsibility to ensure that the following affirmations are made:
1. Initial Affirmation. Employees are required to affirm that they have: (a) received a copy of the Code; (b) read and understood all provisions of the Code; and (c) agreed to comply with the terms of the Code.
2. Acknowledgement of Amendments. Holland Capital will provide Employees with any amendments to the Code and they must affirm that they have received, read, and understood the amendments to the Code.
3. Annual Affirmation. Employees are required to affirm on an annual basis that they have read, understood, and complied with the Code.
IV. | RECORDKEEPING |
Holland Capital maintains the following records related to the Code in a readily accessible place:
1. | A copy of each Code that has been in effect at any time during the past five years; |
2. | A record of any violation of the Code and any action taken as a result of such violation for five years from the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred; |
3. | A record of compliance certifications or affirmations for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, an Employee; |
4. | Holdings and transaction reporting made pursuant to the Code, including any brokerage confirmation and account statements referred to on such reports; |
5. | A list of the names of persons who are currently, or within the past five years were Employees; |
6. | A list of persons who are currently, or within the past five years were, investment personnel; |
7. | A record of any decision and supporting reasons for approving the acquisition of securities by Employees in a limited offering; |
8. | A record of any decision and supporting reasons for granting an Employee a waiver to from or exception to the Code. |
V. | FORM ADV DISCLOSURE |
The CCO shall be responsible for providing an updated copy of the Code to any client or prospective client upon request. The CCO shall also ensure that Holland Capital’s Form ADV includes an updated description of the Code. Please see Form ADV Procedures in Holland Capital’s Compliance Manual.
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VI. | ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE CODE |
A. Training and Education. The CCO shall be responsible for training and educating Employees regarding the Code. Such training shall be mandatory for all Employees and shall occur as determined necessary by the CCO.
B. Annual Review. The CCO shall review the adequacy of the Code and the effectiveness of its implementation as the CCO deems appropriate and at least annually.
C. Report to the Adviser’s Board. The CCO shall make an annual report to the Board regarding her annual review of the Code. Such report shall include a full discussion of any material violations of the Code.
D. Reporting Violations. Employees shall report any violations or suspected violations of this Code promptly as described in the Adviser’s Compliance Breaches Policy ( Appendix S ). Code of Ethics violations are reported to the Adviser’s Board and to the Board of any registered investment company to which the Adviser serves as subadvisor.
E. Further Information Regarding the Code. Employees should contact the CCO to obtain any additional information about compliance and ethics issues.
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Exhibit 99.(p)(23)
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | CODE OF ETHICS |
CODE OF ETHICS
Rule 204A-1
BAHL & GAYNOR, INC.
General
The Code of Ethics is predicated on the principle that B&G owes a fiduciary duty to its clients. Accordingly, B&G’s employees must avoid activities, interests and relationships that run contrary (or appear to run contrary) to the best interests of clients. At all times, B&G must:
• | Place client interests ahead of B&G’s – As a fiduciary, B&G must serve in its clients’ best interests. In other words, B&G employees may not benefit at the expense of advisory clients. This concept is particularly relevant when employees are making personal investments in securities traded by advisory clients. |
• | Engage in personal investing that is in full compliance with B&G’s Code of Ethics – employees must review and abide by B&G’s Personal Securities Transaction and Insider Trading Policies. |
• | Avoid taking advantage of your position – employees must not accept investment opportunities, gifts or other gratuities from individuals seeking to conduct business with B&G, or on behalf of an advisory client. |
• | Maintain full compliance with the Federal Securities Laws [1] – employees must abide by the standards set forth in Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. |
Any questions with respect to B&G’s Code of Ethics should be directed to the Compliance Officer and/or senior management. As discussed in greater detail below, employees must promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the Compliance Officer. All reported Code of Ethics violations will be treated as being made on an anonymous basis.
Guiding Principles & Standards of Conduct
All employees, directors, officers and partners of B&G, and consultants closely associated with the Firm, will act with competence, dignity and integrity, in an ethical manner, when dealing with clients, the public, prospects, third-party service providers and fellow employees. The following set of principles frame the professional and ethical conduct that B&G expects from its employees and consultants:
• | Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect, and in an ethical manner with the public, clients, prospective clients, employers, employees, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets; |
• | Place the integrity of the investment profession, the interests of clients, and the interests of B&G above one’s own personal interests; |
• | Adhere to the fundamental standard that you should not take inappropriate advantage of your position; |
• | Avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest; |
• | Conduct all personal securities transactions in a manner consistent with this policy; |
• | Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities; |
• | Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on yourself and the profession; |
• | Promote the integrity of, and uphold the rules governing, capital markets; |
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | CODE OF ETHICS |
• | Maintain and improve your professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals; |
• | Comply with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws. |
All supervised persons are required to complete the Code of Conduct and Regulatory Compliance Manual Acknowledgement Form; that includes the Code of Ethics. Completion of this form is required upon the commencement of employment with B&G, annually thereafter, and upon each material amendment. The employee’s signature, which is required, acknowledges and certifies that the employee has received, reviewed, understood, and shall comply, or has complied, with the contents of the Code of Conduct and Regulatory Compliance Manual including the Code of Ethics.
Amended 2014
[1] “Federal securities laws” means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted there under by the Commission or the Department of the Treasury.
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Personal Securities Transaction Policy |
Personal Securities Transaction Policy
Employees may not purchase or sell any security in which the employee has a beneficial ownership unless the transaction occurs in an exempted security or the employee has complied with the Personal Security Transaction Policy set forth below.
The Compliance Officer shall maintain a “Restricted List” of securities that are being evaluated and updated promptly subsequent to investment meetings. The restricted list includes stocks of companies that B&G is evaluating through the due diligence process as well as companies that B&G is broadly purchasing or selling for its clients which also includes exchange traded funds and index funds. The Compliance Officer distributes the restricted list upon any updates. When a security is put on the restricted list, it will remain on the list for at least 1 week (7 days) unless otherwise noted or extended. No Employee may trade (buy or sell) in issues whose securities appear on the Restricted List.
Exempt Securities
B&G requires employers to provide periodic reports (See Reporting section below) regarding transactions and holdings in any security , as that term is defined in Section 202(a) (18) of the Advisers Act (“Reportable Security”). However, as noted in Rule 204A-1, the term Reportable Security exempts and does not include:
• | Direct obligations of the Government of the United States; |
• | Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
• | Shares issued by money market funds; |
• | Shares issued by open-end funds; and |
• | Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are reportable funds. |
B&G employees are required to report personal transactions for all mutual funds that are being Sub-Advised by B&G.
Beneficial Ownership
Employees are considered to have beneficial ownership of securities if they have or share a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the securities. Employees have a pecuniary interest in securities if they have the ability to directly or indirectly profit from a securities transaction.
The following are examples of indirect pecuniary interests in securities:
• | Securities held by members of employees’ immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother- in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Adoptive relationships are included; |
• | Employees’ interests as a general partner in securities held by a general or limited partnership; and |
• | Employees’ interests as a manager in the securities held by a limited liability company. |
Employees do not have an indirect pecuniary interest in securities held by entities in which they hold an equity interest unless they are a controlling equity holder or they share investment control over the securities held by the entity.
The following circumstances constitute beneficial ownership by employees of securities held by a trust:
• | Ownership of securities as a trustee where either the employee or members of the employees’ immediate family have a vested interest in the principal or income of the trust; |
• | Ownership of a vested beneficial interest in a trust; and |
• | An employee’s status as a settlor/grantor of a trust, unless the consent of all of the beneficiaries is required in order for the employee to revoke the trust. |
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Personal Securities Transaction Policy |
Exempt Transactions
The following transactions are considered exempt transactions:
• | Any transaction in an account over which the employee does not have any direct or indirect influence or control. For example, presuming that such relatives do not reside in the same household as the employee, accounts of family members outside of the immediate family would not be subject to review. |
• | Any transactions occurring in an account that is managed on a fully-discretionary basis by an unaffiliated money manager. |
• | Purchases that are part of an automatic investment plan. [1] |
• | Purchases of securities by the exercise of rights issued to holders of a class of securities on a pro-rata basis. |
• | Acquisitions or dispositions of securities as a result of a stock dividend, stock split, or other corporation actions. |
From time to time, the Compliance Officer may exempt certain transactions on a trade-by-trade basis.
Investments in Limited Offerings and Initial Public Offerings (“IPOs”) [2]
No employee shall acquire, directly or indirectly, any Beneficial Ownership in any limited offering or IPO without first obtaining prior approval of the Compliance Officer, in order to preclude any possibility of their profiting improperly from their positions on behalf of a Client. The Compliance Officer shall (a) obtain from the Employee full details of the proposed transaction (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the Employee’s activities on behalf of a Client; and (b) conclude, after consultation with a portfolio manager (who has no personal interest in the issuer of the limited offering or IPO), that no Clients have any foreseeable interest in purchasing such security. A record of such approval by the Compliance Officer and the reasons supporting those decisions shall be kept as required in the Records section of this Policy. Please refer to Exhibit A for a copy of the Limited Offering and IPO Request and Reporting Form.
Reporting
In order to provide B&G with information to enable it to determine with reasonable assurance any indications of scalping, front-running or the appearance of a conflict of interest with the trading by B&G clients, each Employee shall follow the procedures described below:
Initial and Annual Holdings Reports
New B&G Employees are required to report all of their personal securities holdings not later than 10 days after the commencement of their employment (See Exhibit B for a copy of the Initial Holdings Report). The initial holdings report must be current as of a date not more than 30 days prior to the date the person becomes an Employee.
Existing Employees are required to provide B&G with a complete list of securities holdings on an annual basis, or on or before February 14th (as determined by B&G) of each year. The report shall be current as of December 31st, which is a date no more than 30 days prior to the final date the report is due to be submitted. (See Exhibit C for a copy of the Annual Holdings Report).
Each holdings report (both the initial and annual) must contain, at a minimum: (a) the title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares, and principal amount of each reportable security in which the access person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; (b) the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the access person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the access person's direct or indirect benefit; and (c) the date the access person submits the report.
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Personal Securities Transaction Policy |
Quarterly Transaction Reports
Employees shall be required to instruct their custodians to send to B&G duplicate broker trade confirmations and account statements of the Employee which shall be received by the Compliance Officer, at a minimum, no later than thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter. If an Employee’s trades do not occur through a broker- dealer (i.e., purchase of a private investment fund), such transactions shall be reported separately on the quarterly personal securities transaction report provided in Exhibit D . The quarterly transaction reports shall contain at least the following information for each transaction in a Reportable Security in which the Employee had, or as a result of the transaction acquired, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership [3] : (a) the date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Reportable Security involved; (b) the nature of the transaction ( i.e. , purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); (c) the price of the Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; (d) the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and (e) the date that the report is submitted.
Employees are reminded that they must also report transactions by members of the Employee’s immediate family including spouse, children and other members of the household in accounts over which the Employee has direct or indirect influence or control.
Duplicate Copies
In order to help ensure that duplicate brokerage statements and confirmations are received for all accounts pertaining to a particular Employee, such Employee may complete and send a brokerage letter similar to Exhibit E to each bank, broker or dealer maintaining an account on behalf of the Employee or any account in which they have a beneficial interest.
Exceptions from Reporting Requirements
Employees are not required to submit: 1) a transaction or initial and annual holdings report with respect to securities held in accounts over which the access person has no direct or indirect influence or control, and 2) a transaction report with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan.
Amended 2014
[1] “Automatic investment plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.
[2] The term “limited offering” is defined as an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 of Regulation D. The term “initial public offering” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
[3] “Beneficial Ownership,” as set forth under Rule 16a-1(a)(2), determines whether a person is subject to the provision of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the rules and regulations there under, which generally encompasses those situations in which the beneficial owner has the right to enjoy some direct or indirect “pecuniary interest” (i.e., some economic benefit) from the ownership of a security. This may also include securities held by members of an Employee’s immediate family sharing the same household; provided however, this presumption may be rebutted. The term immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law and includes adoptive relationships. Any report of beneficial ownership required there under shall not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Securities to which the report relates.
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Trading and Review |
Trading and Review
B&G discourages its Employees to trade opposite of firm recommendations. B&G has a highly customized investment approach for its clients, which at times may result in the purchase and sale of the same security in different client accounts. Despite this customized approach, however, there will be periods of time when B&G will trade a security in a similar fashion (i.e., only purchase or only sell) for a broad number of clients. During these periods of time, the security will be placed on our restricted list and employees will be forbidden from trading in it for accounts in which they maintain a beneficial interest. Front running, which is a practice generally understood to be personally trading ahead of client accounts, should not be practiced by B&G employees. Our clients should come first in all trading of securities.
The Compliance Officer will closely monitor Employees’ investment patterns to detect abuses. A designated review person will monitor the Compliance Officer’s personal securities transactions for compliance with the Personal Securities Transaction Policy. The reason for the development of a post transaction review process is to ensure that B&G has developed procedures to supervise the activities of its associated persons. The comparison of Employee trades to those of the clients will identify potential conflicts of interest or the appearance of a potential conflict.
If B&G discovers that an employee is personally trading contrary to the policies set forth above, the employee shall meet with the Compliance Officer and Chairman to review the facts surrounding the transactions. This meeting shall help B&G to determine the appropriate course of action.
Review Process
• | All employees must report all personal securities transactions |
• | All accounts are reconciled on B&G’s APX system |
• | During investment meetings ideas are shared about what transactions, if any, should take place in our strategy accounts |
• | If an idea is seriously being considered or it has been decided that a trade will take place then that security goes on the restricted list |
• | An email goes out to ALL employees stating that a security or securities will be restricted |
• | Standard 7 days restrictions but it could be restricted shorter or longer and that is communicated to everyone |
• | After the email is sent then a wipe board is maintained in our kitchen area to serve as a reminder |
• | The trader will put into Moxy a restriction of those securities for that period of time for the group of accounts that are considered B&G employee personal accounts |
◦ | This will prevent any person from trading those securities for their personal accounts through APX/ Moxy |
• | Accounts are reconciled on the APX system, quarterly the CCO runs the Purchase and Sales report for all personal accounts and those reports are manually checked by the CCO against the list of restricted securities to identify any violations |
• | This process also allows for the evaluation for any front running patterns or abnormal trading patterns of personal accounts |
• | In addition to this manual check each employee has to attest to their quarterly transactions by signing the B&G Quarterly Transaction Report |
Amended 2015
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Reporting Violations and Remedial Actions |
Reporting Violations and Remedial Actions
B&G takes the potential for conflicts of interest caused by personal investing very seriously. As such, B&G requires its employees to promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to the Compliance Officer. B&G’s management is aware of the potential matters that may arise as a result of this requirement, and shall take action against any employee that seeks retaliation against another for reporting violations of the Code of Ethics. B&G has zero tolerance for retaliatory actions and therefore may subject offenders to more severe action than set forth below. In order to minimize the potential for such behavior, all reports of Code of Ethics violations will be treated as being made on an anonymous basis.
B&G has implemented remedial actions that are designed to discourage its employees from violating the Personal Securities Transaction Policy. Employees should be aware that B&G reserves the right to impose varied sanctions on policy violators that is on a rolling five (5) years basis. Sanctions may be as follows:
• | Verbal warning; |
• | Written warning that will be included in the employee’s file, and disgorgement of profits to a charity specified by the employee; and |
• | Written warning, disgorgement of profits to a charity and monetary fine to be donated to a charity specified by the employee; and |
• | Possible termination of employment. |
Disclosure
B&G shall describe its Codes of Ethics to clients in Part 2A of Form ADV and, upon request, furnish clients with a copy of the Code of Ethics. All client requests for B&G’s Code of Ethics shall be directed to the Compliance Officer.
Recordkeeping
B&G shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records shall be available for appropriate examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission or B&G’s management.
• | A copy of this Policy and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place; |
• | A record of any violation of this Policy and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs; |
• | A record of all written acknowledgements (annual certifications) as required by this Policy for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, an Employee of B&G. |
• | A copy of each report made pursuant to this Policy by an Employee, including any information provided in lieu of reports, shall be preserved by the Firm for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place; |
• | A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Policy; |
• | The Firm shall preserve a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition of any limited offering or IPO by Employees for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted, the first two years in an easily accessible place. |
Responsibility
The Compliance Officer will be responsible for administering the Personal Securities Transaction Policy. All questions regarding the policy should be directed to the Compliance Officer.
Amended 2012
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Electronic Media and Social Media Policy |
Electronic Media and Social Media Policy
Issue
All B&G employees are bound by the Code of Conduct, which is based around three core principals, Integrity, Competence and Confidentiality. The Code of Conduct should be adhered to when engaging in any public relations practices. These core principals are to be applied to all elements of communications including electronic media and social media activity.
As an SEC Registered Firm, B&G has to follow strict regulations that affect the ability to use Social Media in our efforts for Marketing.
• | SEC Regulation S-P - (Client Privacy) |
• | SEC Rule 206(4)-1(a) - (Advertising and Marketing) |
• | SEC Rule 204 (a) - (Maintaining Books and Records) |
B&G employees means all partners, principals, professionals, staff members, interns and temporary employees of B&G.
B&G must ensure that the use of these communications maintains our integrity and reputation while minimizing actual or potential regulatory and legal risks, whether used inside or outside the workplace. It is the right and duty of B&G to protect itself and its employees from unauthorized disclosure of information. B&G’s electronic and social media policy includes rules and guidelines for company authorized and personal forms of electronic and social media.
B&G has invested a significant amount of resources to use a third party provider that allows B&G to comply with the current SEC Rules and Regulations when using electronic and social media as a marketing tool. B&G has engaged Global Relay, Communications, Inc., 233 South Wacker Drive, 84th Floor, and Chicago, IL 60606. Global Relay Archive captures B&G’s incoming, internal and outgoing electronic messages in real time, including email, instant messages, Bloomberg, and social media messages (LinkedIn and Twitter). An auditable, evidentiary-quality copy of each message is created, which is then indexed, serialized and time/date stamped. This process securely organizes and preserves B&G's intellectual business assets, reducing the risks of lost or deleted messages.
Policy - Company Rules and Regulations
Social Media
B&G has created a Company LinkedIn page, Bahl & Gaynor Investment Counsel, as well as a Company Twitter page, @Bahl Gaynor. Both pages are maintained by a third party marketing firm, DeSola Group. Desola is a private and independent firm committed to applying decades of strategic and creative expertise to help individuals to build great businesses and make an essential difference for their markets, employees, industry and world.
Content of the LinkedIn and Twitter pages is the property of B&G and goes through a due diligence process. Each piece of content should be vetted by senior management of B&G and get the final approval from the CCO.
Mobile Devices/PDA Policy
This policy addresses the use of mobile devices (e.g... blackberries, smart-phones, iPhones, etc.) for company business use. Employees are permitted to use mobile devices for B&G business provided they advise the CCO of their intent to do so and provided such devices are password protected and employees exercise precaution with respect to its safekeeping (e.g.., prevention of loss or ability to be stolen). In addition, employees who use mobile devices for B&G business should note that the use of these devices are subject to the B&G's Code of Ethics policy; such that employees are required to conduct him or herself with integrity, honesty and professionalism. Furthermore, employees should be aware that email communications will be captured and monitored in accordance with B&G policies.
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Electronic Media and Social Media Policy |
• | Text messaging containing investor’s information is strictly prohibited. |
• | B&G reserve the right to rescind or prohibit an employee's use of personal mobile devices at any time with or without notice. |
• | Employees are required to inform the CCO immediately if any device is lost or stolen. |
• | B&G maintains the right to remotely "wipe clean" data contained on any lost or stolen mobile device or in the event that the employee should leave B&G, or at any other times that deem to be necessary. |
◦ | In the event that your device is "wipe clean", this will remove B&G as well as personal data from the device. |
Email and Other Electronic Communications
Email and other electronic communications are an important method of communication. It is the responsibility of every B&G employee to maintain a standard of high professional conduct in all such communications. Our policy covers electronic communications for B&G, to or from our investors, and includes any electronic communications within B&G's network system.
Personal use of B&G's e-mail and any other electronic system is strongly discouraged. All communications are stored on our systems and may be reviewed by either the CCO or potentially the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of their examinations of B&G.
All business, and investor related electronic communications must be on B&G's systems, and use of personal email addresses or other personal electronic communications for B&G or investor communications is absolutely prohibited.
All of B&G employees have an initial responsibility to be familiar with and follow B&G's e-mail policy with respect to their individual e-mail and electronic communications.
The CCO has the overall responsibility for monitoring electronic communications and reporting potential or actual compliance and regulatory issues.
Policy - Personal Rules and Regulations
B&G respects the rights of employees to use social media forums for self-publishing and self-expression on personal time. Employees are expected to follow the guidelines and policies set forth below to provide a clear line between you as the individual and you as the employee.
• | You are personally responsible for your commentary. You can be held personally liable for commentary that is considered defamatory, obscene, proprietary or libelous by any offended party, not just B&G. |
• | You cannot harass, threaten, discriminate or disparage against employees or anyone associated with or doing business with B&G. |
• | If you choose to identify yourself as a B&G employee, please understand that some readers may view you as a spokesperson for B&G. |
• | You cannot post the name, trademark or logo of the company, or any company privileged information, including copyrighted information or company issued documents. |
B&G realizes that LinkedIn is a business networking website for people in professional occupations. As such B&G will allow B&G employees to use LinkedIn at a personal level. B&G employees should use the following guidelines:
• | List B&G as their employer |
• | Use general contact information such as email address; website and business address is permissible to post |
• | General description of B&G |
• | General description of employee job function |
• | Endorsements MUST be turned OFF |
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Electronic Media and Social Media Policy |
Acknowledgement
Employees are required to sign written acknowledgement that employees, received, read, understood and agree to comply with B&G’s electronic media and social media rules and guidelines.
Employees will be required to attest annually that they are adhering to B&G’s electronic media and social media rules and guidelines, see Exhibit F .
Reporting Violations
B&G requests and strongly urges employees to report any violations or possible or perceived violations to their manager or CCO.
Discipline for Violations
B&G investigates and responds to all reports of violations of the social media rules and guidelines and other related policies. Violation of this policy will result in disciplinary action up to and including immediate termination. B&G reserves the right to take legal action where necessary against employees who engage in prohibited or unlawful conduct.
Amended 2016
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Insider Trading Policy |
Insider Trading Policy
Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act
Section 204A of the Advisers Act requires every investment adviser to establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed, taking into consideration the nature of such investment adviser's business, to prevent the misuse of material, nonpublic information by such investment adviser or any person associated with such investment adviser. In accordance with Section 204A, B&G has instituted procedures to prevent the misuse of nonpublic information.
Insider trading refers generally to buying or selling a security, in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the security. Insider trading violations may also include "tipping" such information, securities trading by the person "tipped," and securities trading by those who misappropriate such information.
Examples of insider trading cases that have been brought by the SEC are cases against:
• | Corporate officers, directors, and employees who traded the corporation’s securities after learning of significant, confidential corporate developments; |
• | Friends, business associates, family members, and other "tippers" of such officers, directors, and employees, who traded the securities after receiving such information; |
• | Employees of law, banking, brokerage and printing firms who were given such information to provide services to the corporation whose securities they traded; |
• | Government employees who learned of such information because of their employment by the government; and |
• | Other persons who misappropriated, and took advantage of, confidential information from their employers. |
Because insider trading undermines investor confidence in the fairness and integrity of the securities markets, the SEC has treated the detection and prosecution of insider trading violations as one of its enforcement priorities.
Whom Does the Policy Cover?
This policy covers all of B&G’s employees (“covered persons”) as well as any transactions in any securities participated in by family members, trusts or corporations directly or indirectly controlled by such persons. In addition, the policy applies to transactions engaged in by corporations in which the covered person is an officer, director or 10% or greater stockholder and a partnership of which the covered person is a partner unless the covered person has no direct or indirect control over the partnership. B&G employees may be deemed insiders of mutual funds under B&G’s management.
What Information is Material?
Individuals may not be held liable for trading on inside information unless the information is material. “Material information” is generally defined as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that an investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s securities.
Advance knowledge of the following types of information is generally regarded as “material”:
• | Dividend or earnings announcements |
• | Write-downs or write-offs of assets |
• | Additions to reserves for bad debts or contingent liabilities |
• | Expansion or curtailment of company or major division operations |
• | Merger, joint venture announcements |
• | New product/service announcements |
• | Discovery or research developments |
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Insider Trading Policy |
• | Criminal, civil and government investigations and indictments |
• | Pending labor disputes |
• | Debt service or liquidity problems |
• | Bankruptcy or insolvency problems |
• | Tender offers, stock repurchase plans, etc. |
• | Recapitalization |
• | Mutual Fund’s intent to adjust its net asset value |
Information provided by a company could be material because of its expected effect on a particular class of a company’s securities, all of the company’s securities, the securities of another company, or the securities of several companies. The misuse of material non-public information applies to all types of securities, including equity, mutual funds, debt, commercial paper, government securities and options.
Material information does not have to relate to a company’s business. For example, material information about the contents of an upcoming newspaper column may affect the price of a security, and therefore be considered material.
What Information is Non-Public?
In order for issues concerning insider trading to arise, information must not only be material, but also non-public. “Non-public” information generally means information that has not been available to the investing public.
Once material, non-public information has been effectively distributed to the investing public, it is no longer classified as material, non-public information. However, the distribution of non-public information must occur through commonly recognized channels for the classification to change. In addition, the information must not only be publicly disclosed, there must be adequate time for the public to receive and digest the information. Lastly, non- public information does not change to public information solely by selective dissemination.
B&G’s employees must be aware that even where there is no expectation of confidentiality, a person may become an insider upon receiving material, non-public information. Whether the “tip” made to the employee makes him/her a “tipped” depends on whether the corporate insider expects to benefit personally, either directly or indirectly, from the disclosure.
The “benefit” is not limited to a present or future monetary gain; it could be a reputational benefit or an expectation of a quid pro quo from the recipient by a gift of the information. Employees may also become insiders or tippers if they obtain material, non-public information by happenstance, at social gatherings, by overhearing conversations, etc.
Penalties for Trading on Insider Information
Severe penalties exist for firms and individuals that engage in the act of insider trading, including civil injunctions, treble damages, disgorgement of profits and jail sentences. Further, fines for individuals and firms found guilty of insider trading are levied in amounts up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided, and up to the greater of $1,000,000 or three times the profit gained or loss avoided, respectively.
Procedures to Follow if an Employee Believes that he/she Possesses Material, Non-Public Information
If an employee has questions as to whether they are in possession of material, non-public information, they must inform the Compliance Officer and Chairman as soon as possible. From this point, the employee, Compliance Officer and Chairman will conduct research to determine if the information is likely to be considered important to investors in making investment decisions, and whether the information has been publicly disseminated.
Given the severe penalties imposed on individuals and firms engaging in insider trading, employees:
• | Shall not trade the securities of any company in which they are deemed insiders who may possess material, non-public information about the company. |
• | Shall not engage in securities transactions of any company, except in accordance with B&G’s Personal Securities Transaction Policy and the securities laws. |
• | Shall submit personal security trading reports in accordance with the Personal Security Transaction Policy. |
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Insider Trading Policy |
• | Shall not discuss any potentially material, non-public information with colleagues, except as specifically required by their position. |
• | Shall immediately report the potential receipt of non-public information to the Compliance Officer and Chairman. | |
• | Shall not proceed with any research, trading, etc. until the Compliance Officer and Chairman inform the employee of the appropriate course of action. |
Amended 2016
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Serving as Officers, Trustees and/or Directors of Outs... |
Serving as Officers, Trustees and/or Directors of Outside Organizations
General
Employees may, under certain circumstances, be granted permission to serve as directors, trustees or officers of outside organizations. These organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations and other not-for-profit institutions. Employees may also receive compensation for such activities.
At certain times, B&G may determine that it is in its clients’ best interests for an employee to serve as officers or on the board of directors of outside organizations. For example, a company held in clients’ portfolios may be undergoing a reorganization that may affect the value of the company’s outstanding securities and the future direction of the company. Service with organizations outside of B&G can, however, raise serious regulatory issues and concerns, including conflicts of interests and access to material non-public information.
As an outside board member or officer, an employee may come into possession of material non-public information about the outside company, or other public companies. It is critical that a proper information barrier be in place between B&G and the outside organization, and that the employee does not communicate such information to other B&G employees in violation of the information barrier.
Similarly, B&G may have a business relationship with the outside organization or may seek a relationship in the future. In those circumstances, the employee must not be involved in the decision to retain or hire B&G.
B&G employees are prohibited from engaging in such outside activities without the prior written approval from the Compliance Officer. Approval will be granted on a case by case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest. Outside activities will be approved only if any conflict of interest issues can be satisfactorily resolved and all of the necessary disclosures are made on Part 2A of Form ADV.
Cincinnati Financial Corp (Nasdaq NM: CINF) (“CINF”)
William Bahl serves on the board of directors of CINF, a publicly traded company whose common stock is owned by many of B&G’s advisory clients and employees. Although investment personnel are not strictly prohibited from serving on the boards of directors of publicly traded companies, B&G has adopted the following procedure to address the conflicts of interest associated with William Buhl’s dual role as a portfolio manager at B&G and a member of the board of director of CINF.
If William Bahl is in possession of material nonpublic information regarding CINF and communicates such information to B&G, then B&G and its employees would be prohibited from effecting transactions in CINF. This prohibition would include the execution of transactions by B&G on behalf of its advisory clients.
B&G has also agreed that CINF will not be bought/owned in any of B&G’s market strategies.
To avoid creating the situation described above, William Bahl will not participate in any portion of an Investment Committee meeting where CINF is discussed. The Compliance Officer, along with William Bahl, has responsibility for enforcement of this procedural safeguard.
Amended 2015
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Gifts and Business Entertainment |
Gifts and Business Entertainment
The giving and receiving of gifts and entertainment can create or appear to create a conflict of interest and places B&G in a difficult position. Such activities can also interfere with the impartial discharge of B&G’s responsibilities to its clients. An employee should never give a gift or provide entertainment where they are intended or designed to cause the recipient to act in a manner that is inconsistent with the best interest of the client, B&G, is illegal, or would expose B&G to any potential liability from a government authority or agency.
Section 17(e) (1) of the Investment Company Act
Section 17(e) (1) of the 1940 Act prohibits affiliated persons of a fund, such as a fund’s investment advisor and/or the sub advisor, from accepting any sort of compensation for the purchase or sale of property to or for the fund. The SEC has found that gifts and entertainment meet the broad definition of “compensation” under Section 17(e) (1).
B&G employees are prohibited from accepting any gift, gratuity; attend business meals, sporting events and other entertainment events from any broker dealer that B&G transacts any trades for any mutual fund that B&G is the advisor or sub advisor.
In relation to those same broker dealers providing business functions outside of trading, as in research information, meals are acceptable with prior written approval from the CCO. The information needed for approval must include the name(s) of the giver, the date, the organization of the giver, the place of the meal, speaker information, description of the research, and the value or estimated value of the meal, which should be no more than nominal value of $100.
Outside of Section 17(e) (1) of the Investment Company Act
B&G employees may not accept any gift, gratuity or other thing of more than nominal value ($300), from any person or entity that does business, or desires to do business with B&G that includes, Brokers and securities sales persons; Clients, Consultants, Suppliers, or Vendors, directly or on behalf of an Advisory Client.
B&G employees may accept gifts from a single giver so long as the aggregate annual value does not exceed $300 in any calendar year, and the employee may attend business meals, sporting events and other entertainment events at the expense of a giver (or at your expense for another), so long as the expense is reasonable, both the employee and the giver are present, and the events are not excessively frequent.
The acceptances of tickets to any event where the giver or the employee are not in attendance are considered a gift subject to the $300 limit rather than a business meal or other entertainment event. Examples of events considered to be an unreasonable expense would be World Series or Super Bowl tickets, and vacation trips. Employees may never accept cash or a cash equivalent (e.g., gift cards, gift certificates) or preferential discounts on services or products. Any gifts exceeding $300 received by an employee should be forwarded to the Compliance Officer or Associate.
B&G employees shall not give any gift, gratuity or other thing, or provide business entertainment, which would be construed as unreasonable in value, $300 in any calendar year, with the intent or purpose of influencing a third party’s business relationship with B&G.
Exceptions to the gift limit may be made by the Compliance Officer. Employees should request exceptions for personal circumstances in which the employee has a personal relationship with a third party (such as receiving or providing personal gifts as wedding gifts, or gifts for the birth of a child).
Employees are prohibited from giving or providing any gift, including a personal gift, to any official of a Public Fund without the express prior approval of the Chief Compliance Officer.
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Gifts and Business Entertainment |
Reporting
All gifts, business meals, sporting events and other entertainment events of which the employee is the recipient must be reported to the Compliance Associate via email if the value is reasonably judged to exceed $25. Reporting must include the name(s) of the giver, the date, the organization of the giver, a description of the gift or event, and the value or estimated value of the gift or event.
Additional Labor Reporting
In addition, any gifts, any payment of money or anything of value made directly or indirectly by the employee to a labor organization or officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative or employee of any labor organization (including union officials serving in some capacity to a Taft- Hartley Plan) must be reported. All items regardless of the amount or value must be reported.
Following are examples of potentially reportable items:
• | Meals |
• | Gifts (e.g., holiday gifts) |
• | Travel and lodging costs |
• | Bar bills |
• | Sporting event tickets |
• | Theatre tickets |
• | Clothing or equipment |
• | Raffle donations |
• | Retirement dinners |
• | Golf (including charity tournaments) |
• | Hole sponsorships for golf tournament |
• | Advertising at union or Taft-Hartley fund related functions |
• | Sponsorship of union conferences, picnics, other events |
• | Donations to union related charities or scholarship funds |
• | Conferences attended by union officials, employees, etc. |
• | Receptions attended by union officials, employees, etc. |
• | Donations for apprenticeship graduation dinners |
Responsibility
The Compliance Officer will be responsible for administering the Insider Gifts and Business Entertainment Policies. All questions regarding the policy should be directed to the Compliance Officer and will be noted on the Gift & Entertainment Log, see Exhibit G .
Amended 2016
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Pay to Play |
Pay to Play
Rule 206(4)-5 of the Investment Advisers Act
Issue
On June 30, 2010, the SEC adopted new anti-fraud pay to play Rule 206(4)-5 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“rule”) (See http://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2010/ia-3043.pdf). The final rule, modeled after Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) rules G-37 and G-38 applicable to municipal securities broker-dealers, is designed to prevent investment advisers from obtaining business from government entities in return for political contributions and fundraising.
• | The rule imposes a two-year ban on the adviser receiving compensation for advisory services if the adviser or any of its “covered associates” makes certain political contributions to an “official” of a state or local “government entity” client over a de minims amount ($350.00 in contributions per election to a candidate for whom he or she is entitled to vote, and up to $150.00 per election to a candidate for whom he or she is not entitled to vote. Primary and general elections are considered separate elections.). |
• | The rule also prohibits an adviser and its covered associates from coordinating or soliciting any person or political actions committee (“PAC”) to make contributions to officials or payments to certain state or local political parties. |
• | An adviser is prohibited from paying a third-party solicitor to solicit a government client for the adviser’s advisory services unless the third party is a “regulated person,” currently defined as a SEC-registered broker-dealer or SEC-registered investment adviser subject to pay to play restrictions. |
• | The rule also applies to an investment adviser that manages assets of a government entity indirectly through a covered investment pool in which a government entity invests or is solicited to invest, such as hedge funds, private equity funds, venture capital funds, and collective trust funds, as well as registered investment companies that are investment options of participant-directed plans or programs of a government entity, such as 529 plans, 403(b) plans and 457 plans. |
Policy
B&G’s officers, on a quarterly basis will report all political contributions. Date of contribution, which the contribution was made to, if the contributor is entitled to vote for the candidate and amount of contribution.
B&G’s officers, will need to Pre-Clear any contribution over the de minims amount, ($350.00 in contributions per election to a candidate for whom he or she is entitled to vote, and up to $150.00 per election to a candidate for whom he or she is not entitled to vote), primary and general elections are considered separate elections, through the CCO.
Any new account/client that is a government entity must be vetted by the CCO.
Procedures
Quarterly B&G officers report any political contributions using the B&G Quarterly Political Contribution form, showing date of contribution, who the contribution was made to, if the contributor is entitled to vote for the candidate and the amount of the contribution, see Exhibit H .
Officers will Pre-Clear any contribution made over the de minims amounts stated in the policy, using the B&G Political Contribution Pre-Clearance form, see Exhibit I .
Officers will also review a list of any government entities that B&G provides or has provided advisory services beginning on and as of March 14, 2011 per the SEC recordkeeping rule under rule 206(4)-5 under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940.
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Pay to Play |
Responsibilities
The Compliance Officer will review each B&G Quarterly Political Contribution form and determine if any de minims amounts have been met or exceeded.
The Compliance Officer will review and Pre-Clear any contribution over the de minimis amounts stated in the policy.
The Compliance Officer will also screen any new government affiliated accounts to determine if any contributions made by B&G officers would cause a violation of the rule and preclude B&G from charging a fee on that account for 2 years.
Updated 2015
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Client Privacy and Identity Theft |
Client Privacy and Identity Theft
Regulation S-P and Regulation S-ID
CLIENT PRIVACY
Issue
The SEC’s Regulation S-P (Privacy of Consumer Financial Information), which was adopted to comply with Section 504 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, requires investment advisers to disclose to clients its policies and procedures regarding the use and safekeeping of personal information.
Personal information is collected from clients at the inception of their accounts and occasionally thereafter, primarily to determine accounts’ investment objectives and financial goals and to assist in providing clients with a high level of service.
While B&G strives to keep client information up to date, clients are requested to monitor any information provided to them for errors.
Policy
B&G will not disclose a client’s personal information to anyone unless it is permitted or required by law, at the direction of a client, or is necessary to provide B&G’s services. Bahl & Gaynor employees will not transmit electronically any clients “Personal Information” or “Sensitive Information”, with the combination of resident’s first name (or first initial) and last name in combination with any one or more of the following data: (1) social security number; (2) driver’s license number or state-issued ID number; or (3) financial account number, or credit or debit card number, with or without any required security code. However, internal electronic transmission of such information is allowed due to our internal security monitors.
Procedures
1. | B&G shall not sell client information to anyone. |
2. | B&G will restrict access to clients’ personal information to individuals within B&G who require the information in the ordinary course of servicing clients’ accounts. Client information is used only for business purposes. |
3. | B&G have developed procedures to safeguard client records and information, see Exhibit J . |
4. | Client information may only be given to third-parties under the following circumstances: |
• | To broker/dealers to open a client’s brokerage account; |
• | To other firms as directed by clients, such as accountants, lawyers, etc. |
• | To specified family members; and |
• | To regulators, when required by law. |
5. | At times, client information may be reviewed by B&G’s outside service providers (e.g.., accountants, lawyers, consultants, etc.). B&G will review the entities’ privacy policies to ensure that clients’ information is not misappropriated or used in a manner that is contrary to B&G’s privacy policies. |
6. | B&G shall provide a privacy notice; see Exhibit K to clients (i.e... “natural persons”) upon inception of the relationship and annually thereafter. B&G will maintain a record of the dates when the privacy notice is provided to clients. |
7. | In the event of a change in the privacy policy, B&G will provide its clients with a sufficient amount of time to opt out of any disclosure provisions. |
8. | Any suspected breaches to the privacy policy should be reported to the Compliance Officer and/or the Chairman. |
9. | If an employee receives a complaint regarding a potential identity theft issue (be it from a client or other party), the employee should immediately notify the Compliance Officer. The Compliance Officer will thoroughly investigate any valid complaint, and maintain a log of all complaints as well as the result of any investigations. |
Page 19 of 21 |
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Client Privacy and Identity Theft |
10. | In the event that unintended parties receive access to personal and confidential information of California residents, B&G will disclose to those clients of the privacy breech. See Senate Bill No. 1386. |
11. | With client consent, B&G may share the names of clients on a representative client list. |
Regulation S-ID
Issue
Due to the significant increase of identity theft within the industry, the SEC adopted Identity Theft Red Flag Rules (Regulation S-ID) on May 20, 2013 (with a completion date of November 20, 2013). Registered Investment Advisers who hold, directly or indirectly, transaction accounts belonging to clients are required to adopt a program to detect and prevent identity theft. Investment Advisers hold transaction accounts if they have the ability to direct payments or transfers from a client's account to third parties upon the client's instructions. Ideally, B&G would like to receive written instructions from the client including the client's signature for each event. However, instructions are typically sent via email. B&G realizes that as a best practice, B&G should have in place a procedure to verify such requests from clients, to assess the extent to which its clients are at risk with respect to identity theft, and to adopt procedures designed to identify solutions where B&G may be contacted by an unauthorized person masquerading as an individual investor with intent of withdrawing assets from the account. Therefore, B&G has implemented the two step verification process explained below.
B&G has identified that there may be several ways that information can be compromised.
• | Malware - This type of intrusion is used by attackers to disrupt computer operations, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems |
• | Phishing - This is used in an attempt to acquire information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication |
• | Social Engineering - This is manipulating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information by electronic fraud |
• | Dumpster Diving - This provides access for a would-be theft to a client's personal information without shredding the documents, a thief may retrieve this information from our waste management facilities |
• | Pretext Calling - Employees may be deceived by pretext calling, defined as an information broker or identity thief calling B&G while pretending to be a client, and may even use bits of a client's personal information to maintain the deception |
• | Insider Access - Employees may be responsible for identity theft through more direct means. Insider access to information allows a dishonest employee to sell consumers' personal information or to use it for fraudulent purposes |
Procedures
B&G has implemented a two-step verification process for any transaction request from clients:
• | If a request is received from a client electronically a phone call must be placed to verify the request to the phone number on record |
• | If a request is received from a client via phone and the person who is taking the request is unfamiliar with the client then a follow-up call to the client to the phone number on record should be made and the client must reconfirm the request, along with a request to the client to send in written communication for the request |
In addition to this twostep process employees should be aware of how their actions may expose our clients to the dangers of identity theft:
• | When providing copies of information to others, employees should make sure that nonessential information is removed and the nonpublic personal information that has no relevance to the transaction is either removed or masked |
• | When disposing of paper documents, the documents with client identifying information should be placed in one of the secured shred bins on site or manually shredded |
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Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Client Privacy and Identity Theft |
• | Employees should make absolutely certain that they confirm the identity of the client on the phone before divulging any personal account information |
• | B&G prohibits the display of Social Security Numbers on any documents that are widely seen by others |
• | If an employee’s action is cause for identity theft or if client personal information is used for fraudulent purposes these actions are cause for immediate termination of employment and may subject the employee to civil and criminal liability |
Training is also essential in identifying potential threats, not only for employees but as well as clients. Information is communicated to the employees when new threat sources have been identified to the public and new ideas are discussed to prevent such intrusion at B&G. Client communication in the form of a letter, newsletter or email blast reminding clients of potential threats is a good training tool for clients. B&G’s Chief Information Officer is essential in the process of training employees and clients.
Responsibilities
The Compliance Officer will monitor for compliance with B&G’s Privacy Policy and the account administrator designated by the CCO will coordinate the dissemination of the Privacy Notice.
Updated 2015
Page 21 of 21 |
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit A: Limited Offering & IPO Request and Reporting ... |
Exhibit A: Limited Offering & IPO Request and Reporting Form
Limited Offering & IPO Request and Reporting Form
Name of Issuer: _____________________________
Type of Security: _____________________________
Public Offering Date: _____________________________
(for proposed IPO investments only)
By signing below, I certify and acknowledge the following:
1. | I am not investing in this limited offering or IPO to profit improperly from my position as an B&G Employee; |
2. | The investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of my activities on behalf of a B&G Client; and |
3. | To the best of my knowledge, no B&G Clients have any foreseeable interest in purchasing this security. |
Furthermore, by signing below, I certify that I have read the B&G Code of Ethics, amended October 2004, and believe that the proposed trade fully complies with the requirements of this policy. I understand B&G reserves the right to direct me to rescind a trade even if approval is granted. I also understand that a violation of this policy will be grounds for disciplinary action or dismissal and may also be a violation of federal and/or state securities laws.
Date: _________ Signature: ____________________________
Print Name: ____________________________
Internal Use Only
________Approved ________Not Approved_________________Person Approving
Reasons Supporting Decision to Approve/Not Approve:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit B: Initial Holdings Report |
Exhibit B: Initial Holdings Report
Initial Holdings Report
Date of Employment: | (month/day/year) |
The following is a list of current holdings as of a date not more than 30 days prior to the date I became an employee of B&G:
SECURITY | TYPE | TICKER/CUSIP | SHARES | PRINCIPAL AMOUNT | CUSTODIAN | |||||
This report (i) excludes holdings with respect to securities held in accounts over which I have no direct or indirect influence or control, and (ii) is not an admission that I have or had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the securities listed above.
AS OF: ____________________________
Date: ______________________________ Signature: ____________________________
Print Name: ____________________________
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit C: Annual Holdings Report |
Exhibit C: Annual Holdings Report
Annual Holdings Report
The following is a list of current holdings, as of DATE, which is no more than 45 days prior to the submission date of this Report:
SECURITY | TYPE | TICKER/CUSIP | SHARES | PRINCIPAL AMOUNT | CUSTODIAN | |||||
This report (i) excludes holdings with respect to securities held in accounts over which I have no direct or indirect influence or control, and (ii) is not an admission that I have or had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the securities listed above.
AS OF: ____________________________
Date: ______________________________ Signature: ____________________________
Print Name: ____________________________
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit D: Quarterly Transaction Report |
Exhibit D: Quarterly Transaction Report
Quarterly Personal Securities Transaction Report
For the Calendar Quarter Ended: _______________________________ (month/day/year)
During the quarter referred to above, the following transactions were effected in securities in which I may be deemed to have had, or by reason of such transaction acquired, a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership, and which are required to be reported pursuant to B&G’s Code of Ethics.
SECURITY |
TICKER/
CUSIP |
DATE | SHARES |
PRINCIPAL
AMOUNT |
BUY/
SELL |
PRICE | CUSTODIAN | |||||||
** Please note that ALL accounts must be listed (including Non-Covered Securities).
This report (i) excludes holdings with respect to which I had no direct or indirect influence or control, and (ii) is not an admission that I have or had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the securities listed above.
Date: ______________________________ Signature: ____________________________
Print Name: ____________________________
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit E: Sample of Brokerage Letter |
Exhibit E: Sample of Brokerage Letter
Sample of Brokerage Letter
<DATE>
<NAME OF CUSTODIAN>
<ADDRESS>
<CITY, STATE ZIP>
Re: | Account No. |
Account Name |
Dear <NAME>,
As of <DATE>, please send to the undersigned a duplicate confirmation of each transaction in the above named account and quarterly brokerage account statements for the above named account.
Please mail the confirmations and account statements to:
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc.
Attn: Tita Rogers, Compliance Officer
212 East 3rd Street
Cincinnati, OH 45202
If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to give me a call at 513-287-6100. Thank you for your immediate attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
<Name>
cc: <Name>
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit F: Acknowledgement and Understanding of Electro.. |
Exhibit F: Acknowledgement and Understanding of Electronic Media and Social Media Policy
Acknowledgement and Understanding of Bahl and Gaynor’s
Electronic Media and Social Media Policy
I have read and understand the attached policies and procedures contained in the Code of Conduct Electronic Media and Social Media Policy, recognize that they apply to me and agree to comply in all respects with the procedures described therein for the duration of my employment with Bahl & Gaynor, Inc.
Employee ____________________________________(PRINT NAME)
Signature ____________________________________
Date |
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit G: Gift & Entertainment Log |
Exhibit G: Gift & Entertainment Log
Gift & Entertainment Log
Given/ | Est. | |||||||||
Reveived | Date | Employee | Gift | To/From | Value | |||||
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit H: Quarterly Political Contribution |
Exhibit H: Quarterly Political Contribution
Quarterly Political Contribution
For the Calendar Quarter Ended: ___________________________________(month/day/year)
During the quarter referred to above, the following political contributions were made by me, and which are required to be reported pursuant to B&G’s Pay to Play policy.
ENTITLED | ||||||||
DATE OF | TO VOTE | AMOUNT OF | ||||||
CONTRIBUTION | MADE TO | CONTRIBUTION | FOR |
CONTRIBUTION |
||||
Date: ______________________________ Signature: ____________________________
Print Name: ____________________________
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual |
Exhibit I: Political Contribution Pre-Clearance Form |
Exhibit I: Political Contribution Pre-Clearance Form
Bahl and Gaynor Political Contribution Pre-Clearance
Please complete this Pre-Clearance form if you are making a political contribution over the Pay to Play policy and procedures de minimis , ($350.00 in contributions per election to a candidate for whom he or she is entitled to vote, and up to $150.00 per election to a candidate for whom he or she is not entitled to vote), primary and general elections are considered separate elections.
Contributor:
Date: ______________________________________
Name: ______________________________________
Contribution Information:
Contribution To: ______________________________________
Amount of Contribution: ______________________________________
Election Information:
Local or State Election: ______________________________________
Office Ran For: ______________________________________
Contributor entitled to vote for Candidate: YES NO
Signature: ______________________________________
Print Name: ______________________________________
Internal Use Only
________Approved ________Not Approved ____________Person Approving
Reasons Supporting Decision to Approve/Not Approve:
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual |
Exhibit J: Procedures to Safeguard Client Records and I... |
Exhibit J: Procedures to Safeguard Client Records and Information
Procedures to Safeguard Client Records and Information
B&G shall (a) ensure the security and confidentiality of consumer, customer and former customer records and information; (b) protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of consumer, customer and former customer records and information; and (c) protect against unauthorized access to or use of consumer or customer records or information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. Bahl and Gaynor’s office is located in a secure facility with limited access during business hours After business hours access is restricted to those with a key – Bahl and Gaynor employees, cleaning personnel and building owners. Accordingly, the following procedures will be followed:
A. Electronic Data Security Guidelines .
B&G’s Electronic Data Security Guidelines are found in the B&G Information Systems Policies and Procedures document. They are considered integral to this Manual and are incorporated by reference
B. Physical Data Security Guidelines
All nonpublic client information should be treated carefully. This includes the information that is handled on a daily basis – client statements, client lists, tax returns, legal documents, etc.
1. | Nonpublic client information should not be placed in the garbage. It should be placed in the locked shredding bins or shredded on the spot. |
2. | Client information should never be discussed with unauthorized persons. |
3. | Client information should be put out of view in employee offices at the end of the day. |
C. Identity Theft
1. | An identity thief can obtain a victim’s personal information through a variety of methods. Some of these methods are directly related to B&G and industry practices that put consumers at risk. Employees should be aware of how their actions may expose our clients to the dangers of identity theft. |
2. | Employees should take the following actions to prevent identity theft: |
a. | Malware , Phishing and Social Engineering , are several electronic ways that thieves are gaining access to client information. Employees should make sure they follow the two- step verification procedure whenever a request is made on an account. |
b. | When providing copies of information to others, employees should make sure that nonessential information is removed and that nonpublic personal information that has no relevance to the transaction is either removed or masked. |
c. | The practice of dumpster diving provides access for a would-be thief to a client’s personal information. If you discard papers containing personal client identification information without shredding the documents, a thief may retrieve this information from our waste management facilities. Therefore, when disposing of paper documents, the papers should be shredded. |
d. | B&G’s employees may also be deceived by pretext calling , defined as an information broker or identity thief calling B&G while pretending to be a client, and may even use bits of a client’s personal information (such as a Social Security Number) to maintain the deception. The informed thief convinces the employee to provide additional information over the phone, which can be used for fraudulent purposes. Employees should make absolutely certain that they confirm the identity of the client on the phone before divulging personal information. |
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual |
Exhibit
J: Procedures to Safeguard Client Records and I...
|
e. | B&G prohibits the display of Social Security Numbers on any documents that are widely seen by others (e.g . client files, mailing lists, quarterly reports, etc.). |
f. | Employees may be responsible for identity theft through more direct means. Insider access to information allows a dishonest employee to sell consumers' personal information or to use it for fraudulent purposes. Such action is cause for immediate termination of employment and may subject the employee to civil and criminal liability. |
Bahl & Gaynor, Inc - 2016 Bahl & Gaynor Compliance Manual | Exhibit K: Client Privacy Statement |
Exhibit K: Client Privacy Statement
In June of 2000, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) released regulation S-P; a rule intended to protect the privacy of non-public financial information about individuals. Bahl & Gaynor is required to tell you how personal information we maintain about you is treated. Our privacy policy is outlined below. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions about our policy.
Privacy Statement
The relationship between Bahl & Gaynor and our clients is the most important asset of our firm. We strive to maintain your trust and confidence in us, an essential aspect of which is our commitment to protecting your personal information to the best of our ability. We believe that all of our clients value their privacy, so we will not disclose your personal information to anyone unless it is permitted by law, is at your direction, or is necessary to provide you with our services. We require our employees to uphold our privacy standards.
Bahl & Gaynor expects all persons associated with Bahl & Gaynor to preserve the confidentiality of information that they may obtain in the course of our business and to use such information properly and not in any way adverse to our clients’ interests, subject to the legality of such information.
Bahl & Gaynor collects and maintains your personal information so we can provide investment management services to you. The types of information we collect and maintain about you may come from sources such as account applications, investment policy statements, from your transactions and other forms of written, electronic or verbal correspondence from you, your broker, custodian, attorney, accountant or other advisors you may employ.
In order for us to provide investment services to you, we may disclose personal information in very limited instances to outside third party organizations that is essential in administrating our operations. We reserve the right to disclose or report personal information where we believe in good faith that disclosure is required under law, to cooperate with regulators or law enforcement authorities.
We have not and will not sell or exchange your personal information to anyone.
To fulfill our privacy commitment to you we maintain physical, electronic and other safeguards to protect your personal information. We maintain password protected systems, updated anti-virus and anti-spyware software, and encrypted hardware and software firewalls.
Occasionally, Bahl & Gaynor is asked to share a list of representative clients. Only with client consent, Bahl & Gaynor may share the names of clients on such list. Bahl & Gaynor will not disclose contact information, asset size or imply any endorsement for Bahl & Gaynor. Additionally, the Representative Client List also includes the following disclosure: “It is not known whether these representative clients approve or disapprove of Bahl & Gaynor’s investment services. These representative clients were not selected for their performance record or assets under management.”
Exhibit 99.(p)(26)
Code of Ethics and Policy Regarding Insider Trading
Purpose and Scope
The Company has a fiduciary duty to place the interests of its Clients ahead of its own. That fiduciary duty further requires that the Company implement and enforce certain minimum standards of conduct that are applicable to all Company personnel in order to protect the confidentiality of material non-public information held by the Company and to govern such employees’ personal securities trading activities. To that end, and in accordance with Section 204A and Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act, and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (collectively, the “Code of Ethics Rules”), the Company has adopted this code of ethics (this “Code”) and policy regarding insider trading (this “Insider Trading Policy”, and collectively with the Code, this “Code of Ethics”). The purpose of this Code of Ethics is to establish guidelines and procedures that are reasonably designed to identify and prevent Company personnel who may have knowledge of the Company’s investments (and investment intentions) from breaching their fiduciary duties to the Company’s Clients or violating applicable securities laws, and to address other situations that may pose a real or potential conflict of interest or the appearance of a real or potential conflict of interest.
The Company considers all Company personnel to be Access Persons subject to this Code of Ethics. Each such Access Person must carefully read the Code of Ethics, sign, date, and return a Certificate of Compliance for this Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy, a form of which is included in the Appendix, to the Chief Compliance Officer to confirm that each such Access Person has read and sufficiently understand the policies, procedures and guidelines contained herein. You should keep this copy of this Code of Ethics for your reference.
Certain Definitions
“ Access Person ” means any Supervised Person, including any officer, director, employee, or principal of the Company who: (i) has access to non-public information regarding any Client’s purchase or sale of Securities (as defined below); or (ii) is involved in making Securities recommendations to Clients, or has access to such recommendations that are non-public. For purposes of this Code of Ethics, the term “Access Persons” shall also include all directors, employees (including temporary employees provided by an agency), officers and principals of the Company.
“ Approved Brokerage Firm ” means each of E*Trade, TDAmeritrade, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, JPMorgan, Wells Fargo, Fidelity, Morgan Stanley, Citi, Interactive Brokers, and any additional brokers approved by the Company from time to time.
“ Beneficial Ownership ” means an interest in a Security for which an Access Person or any member of the Access Person’s immediate family or other person residing in the same household, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest. For purposes of this Code of Ethics, the term “Beneficial Ownership” is interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Exchange Act in determining whether a person has Beneficial Ownership of a Security for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
“Blackout Exempted Security” means a Reportable Security that the Company has traded during the Blackout Period and is (i) a constituent stock of the S&P 500 index; (ii) an exchange traded fund; or (iii) a municipal bond.
“Blackout Period” means, with respect to each Reportable Security, the 10 trading days immediately prior to the date on which a Trading Request is submitted.
“ Certificate of Compliance with the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy ” means a certificate of compliance required to be submitted by this Code of Ethics that requires the Access Person submitting such certificate to attest to that: (i) such person has read and understands the Code of Ethics; (ii) such person has complied with the Code of Ethics during the course of employment by, or association with, the Company; (iii) will continue to adhere to the Code of Ethics during the course of such person’s employment or association with the Company in the future; and (iv) such person agrees to promptly report to the Chief Compliance Officer any violation or suspected violation of the Code of Ethics of which such person becomes aware.
“ Federal Securities Laws ” means the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and any rules adopted by the SEC, or any other regulatory authority under these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the SEC or by the Department of Treasury.
“ Initial Public Offering ” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
“ Limited Offering ” means an offering that is exempt from registration pursuant to section 4(a)(2), section 4(a)(5), or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506, under the Securities Act which includes offerings by most hedge funds and private equity funds.
“Outside Business Activities” means (i) outside employment, providing services for hire, or actively engaging in the conduct of a for-profit endeavor including, without limitation, serving as a consultant, partner, proprietor, or other similar role (ii) serving as a director, officer or trustee of a company, (iii) sitting on boards or finance committees of charitable organizations.
“Outside Business Interests” means any investment or ownership interest resulting from or related to an Access Person’s Outside Business Activities. Some examples of Outside Business Interests include, without limitation, direct ownership of property not used for the relevant Access Person’s or her/his family’s residential use, interests in joint ventures, partnerships, etc. in which the Access Person actively takes part in the conduct of the business of such joint venture, partnership, etc.
“ Personal Securities Transactions ” means any transaction in which an Access Person or any member of his or her immediate family (as described herein) acquires or disposes of a Security in which the Access Person or such family member has or gains a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest.
“ PTA Compliance Platform ” means the browser-based software application that automates, in part, compliance with this Code of Ethics and applicable underlying personal trading regulations and facilitates pre-approval review, post-trade reconciliation and reporting and the documentation of such matters. The Company’s PTA Compliance Platform currently is Protegent’s Personal Trading Assistant (PTA) software, which the Company has licensed from SunGard.
“ Quarterly Securities Transactions Report ” means a report meeting the requirements of Rule 204A-1. Delivery of such Quarterly Securities Transactions Report generally must be made by delivery of trade confirmations and other account information via the PTA Compliance Platform as determined by the Chief Compliance Officer.
“ Reportable Security ” means any Security other than: (i) direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (ii) bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; (iii) shares issued by money market funds; (iv) shares issued by registered open-end investment companies (other than those that are RIC Clients); or (iv) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more registered open-end investment companies (none of which are RIC Clients).
“ Restricted List ” means the list of “restricted” securities or issuers. The Company shall maintain (and modify from time to time) the Restricted List on the Company’s intranet and the PTA Compliance Platform.
“ Security ” means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a ‘‘security’’, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.
“ Trading Request ” means a request to trade a Reportable Security.
Persons Covered by this Code of Ethics
This Code of Ethics is applicable to all Access Persons.
Statement of General Principles
One of the primary goals of this Code of Ethics is to identify and resolve conflicts of interest to the benefit of the Company’s Clients. Accordingly, the Company and each Access Person acknowledges the general principles that Access Persons:
(i) | owe a fiduciary obligation to all Clients; |
(ii) | have the duty at all times to place the interests of all Clients first and foremost; |
(iii) | must refrain from taking inappropriate advantage of one’s position with the Company; |
(iv) | must conduct their Personal Securities Transactions in a manner that avoids conflicts or the appearance of conflicts of interest, or abuses of their position of trust and responsibility; |
(v) | must avoid actions or activities that allow (or appear to allow) them or their immediate families to benefit from their position with the Company, at the expense of the Company’s Clients, or that bring into question his or her judgment or integrity; |
(vi) | avoid any Outside Business Interest or Outside Business Activity that creates or appears to create a conflict between personal interests and the interests of the Company or its Clients; and |
(vii) | must comply with all applicable Federal Securities Laws. |
Access Persons are required to conduct all Personal Securities Transactions in full compliance with this Code of Ethics, and should not take any action in connection with Personal Securities Transactions that could cause even the appearance of unfairness or impropriety, relative to the Company’s Clients. Ambiguous situations must be promptly brought to the attention of the Chief Compliance Officer, and will be resolved in favor of Client interests.
Finally, this Code of Ethics requires Access Persons, among other things, to: (i) have all Personal Securities Transactions involving Reportable Securities pre-approved; (ii) report all their Personal Securities Transactions involving Reportable Securities to the Chief Compliance Officer periodically; (iii) have new Outside Business Interests and Outside Business Activities pre-approved; (iv) report all their Outside Business Interests and Outside Business Activities to the Chief Compliance Officer periodically; (v) report certain gifts, as described herein, to the Chief Compliance Officer and (v) certify their compliance with this Code of Ethics on at least an annual basis.
Each Access Person must carefully read this Code of Ethics and the Insider Trading Policy. Each Access Person must submit a Certificate of Compliance with the Code of Ethics and the Insider Trading Policy within 10 days of becoming an Access Person, and annually within 30 days after each calendar year end, to indicate that the Access Person has read this Code of Ethics and the Insider Trading Policy and promise to abide by it. The Certificate of Compliance generally should be submitted via the PTA Compliance Platform. Any questions regarding the Code of Ethics or the Insider Trading Policy should be referred to the Chief Compliance Officer. Each Access Person must keep this copy of this Code of Ethics and the Insider Trading Policy for reference.
General Prohibitions and Restrictions
Prohibition Against Fraud, Deceit and Manipulation
No Access Person shall, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of a Security held or to be acquired by a Client:
(i) | employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any Client or prospective Client; |
(ii) | make any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to disclose to a Client or prospective Client any material fact that, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, could be construed as being misleading; |
(iii) | engage in any act, practice or course of business which would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any Client or prospective Client; or |
(iv) | engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any Client or prospective Client. |
Client Priority
Access Persons must give priority on all investments to the Company’s Clients. Accordingly, Personal Securities Transactions must not conflict with the interests of any Client of the Company. Whether a specific transaction or other action falls into this category will vary based on the relevant facts and circumstances of each transaction or other action. However, an inherent conflict of interest exists in each of the following situations, each of which is prohibited by this Code of Ethics:
(a) | purchasing Securities for the account of an Access Person before or at the same time as purchasing such Securities for a Client Account; |
(b) | knowingly purchasing or selling Securities, directly or indirectly, in such a way as to cause an adverse effect on the value of a Client’s account; |
(c) | using knowledge of Securities transactions by a Client, or causing a Client to engage in Securities Transactions, to profit personally, directly or indirectly, by the market effect of such transactions; and |
(d) | giving to any person information not generally available to the public about contemplated, proposed or current purchases or sales of Securities by or for a Client, except to the extent necessary to effectuate such transactions. |
Pre-Approval for Personal Securities Transactions and Prohibited Transactions
Approved Transactions Only
Unless otherwise specifically permitted by this Code of Ethics, an Access Person may only effect a Personal Securities Transaction in a Reportable Security if such Personal Securities Transaction has been pre-approved, as discussed below in the section entitled Procedures for Pre-Approval .
In the event that an Access Person affects a Personal Securities Transaction in any Reportable Security without receiving pre-approval, such Access Person may be required, at the discretion of the Company, to immediately close out his or her position in the Security and to disgorge any profit from the transaction or suffer any applicable loss, or take such other action as the Company may determine to be necessary or appropriate under the circumstances. Such activity may subject the Access Person to disciplinary action by the Company, such as a suspension of the ability to engage in Personal Securities Transactions and, up to and including, termination of such Access Person’s employment.
Pre-Approval for IPOs and Limited Offerings
An Access Person needs prior approval to purchase a Reportable Security in any Initial Public Offering or Limited Offering (including, without limitation, purchases of Securities in Initial Public Offerings or Limited Offerings by any person with respect to which the Access Person submits Holdings Reports). When seeking pre-approval, the Access Person is required to first attempt to complete the Trading Request via the PTA Compliance Platform pursuant to the Company’s procedures for pre-approval described below. If the Access Person is unable to do so successfully, the Access Person should contact the Chief Compliance Officer to obtain approval. The approval or denial of an Access Person’s request to purchase Reportable Securities in an Initial Public Offering or Limited Offering shall be maintained in accordance with the Company’s Policy Regarding Recordkeeping .
Restricted List
From time to time, the Company may identify specific Securities or issuers as “restricted” by adding such issuer of such Security to the Company’s Restricted List. All transactions in any Security or issuer on the Restricted List are prohibited unless the Company is participating in the private transaction giving rise to the issuer being added to the Restricted List. Prior to placing a trade (or submitting a Trading Request) for any Reportable Security, it is the obligation of each Access Person to check the Restricted List maintained by the Company which will be maintained on both its intranet and the PTA Compliance Platform.
Procedures for Pre-Approval
Prior approval is required for each Personal Securities Transaction involving Reportable Securities. A written Trading Request, setting forth the details of the transaction, should be used to obtain such approval. The PTA Compliance Platform is the preferred method for submitting Trading Requests and Access Persons seeking to submit a Trading Request should attempt to submit such request via the PTA Compliance Platform. The PTA Compliance Platform is an automated system and is designed to promptly approve or deny Trading Requests by applying the Company’s pre-clearance rules. If an Access Person has difficulty submitting a Trading Request via the PTA Compliance Platform (which may occur, for example, if PTA is unable to identify a symbol), such Access Person should contact the Chief Compliance Officer.
Denial or approval of a Trading Request will be made in writing (generally via an email generated by the PTA Compliance Platform) and any such approval is valid for only 24 hours. If an Access Person does not consummate the approved Personal Securities Transaction within 24 hours after receiving approval of the related Trading Request, another Trading Request for such transaction must be submitted and approved before such Personal Securities Transaction can be made.
Any question regarding the denial of a Trading Request by the PTA Compliance Platform, should be directed to the Chief Compliance Officer. With respect to an Access Person who is a member of Legal and Compliance, a Trading Request for which approval is not approved via the PTA Compliance Platform can only be approved by another member of Legal and Compliance.
All Access Persons shall receive initial and periodic training on the PTA Compliance Platform.
Factors Considered in Pre-Approval of Personal Securities Transactions involving Reportable Securities
The PTA Compliance Platform has been set up to review each Trading Request against a set of rules based on this Code of Ethics and the factors described below. If a Trading Request is denied by the PTA Compliance Platform, the Access Person shall not consummate the Personal Securities Transaction for which approval was denied. Any Access Person that has questions about the denial of a Trading Request should contact the Chief Compliance Officer.
The factors generally taken into account when deciding to approve or deny a Trading Request are: (i) whether any Client has recently traded such Security; (ii) whether the nature of the Personal Securities Transaction or person effecting the transaction is likely to affect the price of or market for the Security; and (iii) whether the Personal Securities Transaction would create the appearance of impropriety, regardless of whether an actual conflict of interest exists or would result. Accordingly, the decision to approve or deny each Trading Request will be based upon the following rules:
Blackout Period
Except with respect to Blackout Exempted Securities, Access Persons are prohibited from trading a Security that was traded on behalf of Clients during the Blackout Period ( i.e. , the 10 trading days immediately prior to the date on which a Trading Request is submitted). During the Blackout Period Access Persons also are prohibited from trading any Security that references the Security to which the Blackout Period relates (such as an option) as well as any Security of the same issuer ( e.g. , preferreds, bonds, warrants, convertibles, etc.) until the Blackout Period relating to such Security has expired. The Blackout Period is in effect at all times, and each trade of a particular Security will result in a new Blackout Period.
Personal Securities Transactions in Blackout Exempted Securities remain subject to pre-approval and the other rules discussed in this Code of Ethics.
Mandatory Minimum Holding Period
Subject to certain exceptions, Reportable Securities that are purchased or sold in a Personal Securities Transactions are subject to a minimum holding period of 60 calendar days (such period, the “Minimum Holding Period”). No Reportable Security may be sold (or short position in respect of a Reportable Security covered) unless the number of shares of such Reportable Security purchased or sold in the Personal Securities Transaction has been held (long or short) for at least 60 calendar days.
Please note that pre-approval is still required for all Personal Securities Transactions, notwithstanding the fact that the Minimum Holding Period has expired.
Futures, Commodities and Options
Access Persons are prohibited from trading for speculative purposes and accordingly, no Access Person shall be permitted to trade futures or commodities. Similarly, Access Persons are prohibited from trading options unless such options are being traded for hedging purposes (subject to all of the other provisions of this Code of Ethics). With respect to the foregoing, “hedging purposes” is intended to mean activity such as writing covered calls or buying puts against long positions, such that the number of option contracts written or purchased, do not, in the aggregate: (i) relate to a greater number of shares than the number of shares held; or (ii) have a notional value greater than the value of the positions being hedged .
Trading Requests for options trades must be submitted via the PTA Compliance Platform, and must properly indicate the particular option that the Access Person intends to buy or sell. In other words, when submitting a Trading Request to trade an option, Access Persons shall not submit a request to trade the Reportable Security to which the option relates – the Trading Request must specifically set forth the option such Access Person would like to buy or sell.
If an Access Person encounters difficulty successfully entering the Trading Request ( e.g. , the symbol or other information relating to the desired option is not recognized by PTA), the Access Person should contact the Chief Compliance Officer with the details of the proposed transaction.
Once submitted, a Trading Request with respect to an option trade will not be approved automatically by the PTA Compliance Platform. Instead, the Access Person will be notified that the request is in “pending” status and the Chief Compliance Officer will review the proposed request on a case-by-case basis. If the proposed option trade is approved, the Access Person will be notified in writing. Given the manual nature of Trading Requests involving options, such requests should be minimized.
Maintenance of Personal Securities Accounts at Approved Brokerage Firms
Unless alternative arrangements have been approved by the Chief Compliance Officer, Access Persons and members of his or her immediate family sharing such Access Persons’ household shall only maintain a Personal Securities Account (as defined below) at an Approved Brokerage Firm.
Except as otherwise provided in this Code of Ethics, or permitted by the Chief Compliance Officer, within 30 days of becoming an Access Person, such Access Person must close any Personal Securities Account: (i) in which such Access Person or any member of his or her immediate family sharing such Access Person’s household has direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership; (ii) for which Reportable Securities may be purchased or sold; and (iii) that is not maintained at an Approved Brokerage Firm. Any such account closure may be by way of an account transfer to an Approved Brokerage Firm.
A “Personal Securities Account” is each account through which such Access Person or any member or his or her immediate family sharing such Access Person’s household has or may obtain direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in Reportable Securities. In other words, a Personal Securities Account is any account in which Reportable Securities are held, or can be held, purchased, or sold, that is maintained by or for the economic benefit of an Access Person or any member of his or her immediate family sharing such Access Person’s address. The term Personal Securities Account is not limited to accounts maintained at a brokerage firm, bank or similar institution, and includes accounts maintained with insurance companies, former employers, or any other institution in which a Reportable Security is or can be held.
Please note however, that an account over which an Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control is not considered a Personal Securities Account, and Access Persons are not required to receive approval for transactions in such account or submit Securities holdings or transactions reports with respect to such accounts.
New Brokerage Accounts
If an Access Person wishes to open a new or additional Personal Securities Account (which may only be with an Approved Brokerage Firm), such Access Person is required to notify the Chief Compliance Officer before opening such account. Once such account has been established, the Access Person shall provide to the Chief Compliance Officer as soon as possible after such account is established the information necessary to facilitate the receipt by the Company of account statements and trade confirmations via the PTA Compliance Platform.
Securities Holdings and Transaction Reporting Requirements
All Access Persons must comply with the reporting requirements set forth below with respect to their Personal Securities Accounts. Except as otherwise provided herein, all reports and any other information filed under this Code will be treated as confidential, unless such information is required to be disclosed to certain regulatory or other authorities by operation of law ( e.g. , in response to an SEC request for information, etc.).
Initial Securities Holdings Report
Within 10 days of the date any person first becomes an Access Person, such person must submit a report listing: (i) all Personal Securities Accounts; and (ii) providing certain information with respect to all Reportable Securities in which such Access Person or any member of his or her immediate family sharing such Access Person’s household has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership, whether or not held in a Personal Securities Account (an “Initial Securities Holdings Report”). An Access Person’s Initial Securities Holdings Report must be submitted via the PTA Compliance Platform or in another format permitted by the Chief Compliance Officer, must be accurate as of a date that is no more than 45 days prior to the date on which the person became an Access Person, and must contain at least the following information:
(i) | the name of each broker, dealer or bank with which such Access Person maintains an account holding a Reportable Security or an account in which a Reportable Security may be held; |
(ii) | the account number of each account in which a Reportable Security is held or may be held; |
(iii) | the title and type of security, exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, as applicable, number of shares, and value or principal amount of each Reportable Security in which the access person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; |
(iv) | the name of broker, dealer or bank with which such Access Person maintains an account holding a Reportable Security or an account in which a Reportable Security may be held; and |
(v) | the date on which the report is submitted. |
A sample form of an Initial Securities Holdings Report is included in the Appendix.
Annual Securities Holdings Reports
Each Access Person is required, within 30 days after the end of the Company’s calendar year to file a report providing certain information with respect to all: (i) Personal Securities Accounts; and (ii) Reportable Securities in which such Access Person or any member of his or her immediate family sharing such Access Person’s household has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership, whether or not held in a Personal Securities Account (an “Annual Securities Holdings Report”). Such Annual Securities Holdings Report must contain at least the following information, which must be accurate as of December 31 of the calendar year just-ended:
(i) | the date on which the report is submitted; |
(ii) | with respect to each of such Access Person’s Personal Securities Accounts, the name of institution (broker, dealer or bank, etc.) with which the account is held, and the account number; |
(iii) | with respect to each Reportable Security in which such Access Person has an direct or indirect Beneficial Interest, and as applicable: |
(a) | the name of the institution (broker, dealer or bank, etc.) with which the Reportable Security is held; |
(b) | the title and type of security and ticker symbol or CUSIP number; |
(c) | the number of shares, units etc. held; |
(d) | the interest rate and maturity date; and |
(e) | the value and principal amount. |
The PTA Compliance Platform is the preferred method to be used in order to submit Annual Holdings Reports. Under most circumstances, the PTA Compliance Platform will automatically generate each Access Person’s Annual Holdings Report using the data received from the Approved Brokerage Firms. Please note, however, that Access Persons are required to certify that their Annual Holdings Reports are accurate, and accordingly, Access Persons have an obligation to make sure that information relating to such Access Person’s holdings of Reportable Securities contained therein is accurate.
A sample form of an Annual Securities Holdings Report is included in the Appendix.
Quarterly Securities Transactions Reports
General Requirements
Within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, each Access Person must submit a Quarterly Securities Transactions Report listing certain information about each transaction involving a Reportable Security in which such Access Person had, or as a result of the transaction, acquired, direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership during such calendar quarter. Each Quarterly Securities Transactions Report required to be delivered by this Code of Ethics shall include at least the following information:
(i) | the date of each transaction, the title, type and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares and principal amount of each Reportable Security involved; |
(ii) | the nature of the transaction (e.g., purchase, sale, etc.); |
(iii) | the price of the Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; |
(iv) | the name of broker, dealer or bank through which the transaction was effected; and |
(v) | the date on which the report is submitted. |
A sample form to be used for the submission of Quarterly Securities Transactions Reports is included in the Appendix.
Information Permitted in Lieu of Report
Rule 204A-1 permits the Company to not require an Access Person to file a Quarterly Securities Transactions Report if the information required to be included in such report would duplicate the information contained in trade confirmations or account statements held in the Company’s records (so long as such confirmations and statements are received within 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter).
To facilitate the receipt and maintenance of the required information, the Company utilizes the PTA Compliance Platform and maintains file transfer protocols with each Approved Brokerage Firm. Each Approved Brokerage Firm sends electronic files containing information regarding each Access Persons’ trading activity and Securities holdings. If an Access Person chooses to maintain a Personal Securities Account, the Company requires such Access Person to consent to the electronic delivery of such information.
As a result of the foregoing measures, Access Persons who maintain accounts only with Approved Brokerage Firms are generally not required to submit Quarterly Securities Transactions Reports.
If an Access Person is not able to provide all of the required information with respect to all of such Access Person’s trading activity and Securities holdings for a given quarter, such Access Person shall submit a Quarterly Securities Transactions Report.
Each such Quarterly Securities Transactions Report must be submitted within 30 days after the end of such calendar quarter and must be provide information relating to each Personal Securities Transaction during the applicable calendar quarter, via a copy of trade confirmations, account statements or other documents containing equivalent information generated by a third party showing, as applicable:
(i) | the date and nature of the transaction (e.g., purchase, sale, etc.); |
(ii) | the title of the Reportable Security, and as applicable the ticker symbol or CUSIP number; |
(iii) | the number of shares, units, etc., purchased or sold; |
(iv) | the interest rate, maturity date, and principal amount of the Reportable Security involved; |
(v) | the price of the Reportable Security at which the transaction was effected; and |
(vi) | the name of the institution (e.g., broker, dealer or bank) through which the transaction was effected. |
Transactions That May Be Excluded from Quarterly Securities Transaction Reports
Access Persons are not required to report the following Personal Securities Transactions:
(i) | transactions effected for any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control; |
(ii) | transactions effected pursuant to an automatic reinvestment plan; |
(iii) | purchases of Securities issued by Private Fund Clients; |
(iv) | purchases arising from the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its Securities, as long as the Access Person acquired these rights from the issuer and sales of such rights. |
Policy Regarding Insider Trading
In accordance with Federal Securities Laws, the Company has adopted policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to identify and prevent the misuse of material, non-public information. The Policy Regarding Insider Trading applies to all Access Persons, is hereby incorporated by reference and is attached hereto as an Exhibit .
Receipt of Gifts and Business Entertainment
All gifts (including actions such as a favor or preferential treatment) even if insignificant in amount, may create or appear to create a conflict of interest between the Company and its Clients. No Access Person should offer any gifts, favors or gratuities, nor accept any gifts, favors or gratuities that could be viewed as influencing decision-making or otherwise could be considered as creating a conflict of interest on the part of the recipient. Specifically, Access Persons must consider carefully whether a conflict of interest may be created or may appear to be created before accepting any gift, favor, gratuity or preferential treatment, even if insignificant, from any person or entity that:
(i) | does business with or on behalf of the Company; |
(ii) | is or may appear to be connected with any present or future business dealings between the Company and that person or organization; or |
(iii) | may create or appear to create a conflict of interest. |
The receipt of gifts by Access Persons, particularly Access Persons with significant influence over decision-making, has the potential to be viewed skeptically by potential investors and regulators, and accordingly, the receipt of gifts should be kept to a minimum. The acceptance of any gift having a reasonable fair market (or retail) value in excess of $100 per individual must be approved by Legal and Compliance, which can be obtained through the PTA platform.
In addition to the receipt of gifts, attendance at dinners, cocktail parties, golf outings, sporting events and other similar events or performances also may create or appear to create a conflict of interest between the Company and its Clients. Attendance at events such as dinners, cocktail parties, golf outings, sporting events or theater, etc., where the person offered the invitation and the person extending the invitation are both in attendance and discuss business ( i.e. , the purpose of the outing is relationship building) is considered “business entertainment.” Access Persons are not permitted to receive or provide excessive business entertainment, and must consider carefully whether a conflict of interest may be created or may appear to be created by attending an event intended to be business entertainment. Whether proposed business entertainment could be considered excessive or create a conflict of interest depends on the circumstances relating to the proposed event, such as location of the event, number of attendees, etc. To the extent attending an event would create or would appear to create a conflict of interest, the Access Person should immediately report the matter to the attention of the Chief Compliance Officer.
Access Persons may accept invitations to business entertainment events relevant to their function at the Company (which may include travel, meals and accommodations), provided that such business entertainment is not excessive and cannot reasonably be viewed as creating or potentially creating a conflict of interest. Notwithstanding the foregoing, accepting an invitation for business entertainment where the reasonable fair market value of the entertainment ( e.g. , meals, tickets, etc.) provided to the Access Person, including such Access Person’s guest(s), if applicable, exceeds $300, requires the prior approval of Legal and Compliance. Requests for approval to attend any such event should be submitted via the PTA Compliance Platform.
Outside Business Interests and Outside Business Activities
Outside Business Interests and Outside Business Activities might directly or indirectly affect an Access Person’s duties to the Company or raise serious regulatory issues and concerns, including conflicts of interest and access to material nonpublic information. As a result, Access Persons are prohibited from obtaining Outside Business Interests or engaging in Outside Business Activities without the prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer. Approval will be granted on a case by case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest, if any. Access Persons seeking approval to engage in such activities should complete the electronic Outside Business Interests and Activities Form via the PTA Compliance Platform.
If an Access Person comes into possession of material nonpublic information as a result of their Outside Business Activities, he or she must immediately notify the Chief Compliance Officer. See the Policy Regarding Insider Trading .
Within 10 days of the date of becoming an Access Person, and within 30 days of each calendar year end, each Access Person must disclose such person’s Outside Business Interests and Outside Business Activities. This disclosure should be submitted via the PTA Compliance Platform. The Chief Compliance Officer may require an Access Person to provide additional information or documentation with respect to an Outside Business Interests and Outside Business Activities, and in such cases, may require such Access Person to complete one or more hard copy questionnaires. An example of a questionnaire that can be used in such circumstances is included in the Appendix.
Factors Considered in Pre-Approval of Outside Business Interests and Outside Business Activities
Whether a particular outside activity may be approved or continued in the future will depend on a variety of factors including the extent to which the proposed activity could violate any law or regulation, interfere with the Access Person’s responsibilities, involve prolonged absences during business hours, compete with Company interests, or whether the Company has, or could be deemed to have a business relationship with the organization or entity on behalf of which an Access Person seeks to engage in Outside Business Activities. Additionally, the possibility of adverse publicity and potential liability may be considered.
Confidentiality of Company Transactions
Information relating to any Client’s investment activities is strictly confidential and should not be discussed with anyone outside the Company.
Enforcement of this Code of Ethics
Chief Compliance Officer’s Duties and Responsibilities
The Chief Compliance Officer shall be primarily responsible for administering and enforcing the provisions of this Code of Ethics. The Chief Compliance Officer shall:
(i) | maintain a current list of all Access Persons; |
(ii) | supervise, implement and enforce the terms of this Code of Ethics; |
(iii) | (a) provide each Access Person with a current copy of this Code of Ethics and any amendments thereto, (b) notify each person who becomes an Access Person of the reporting requirements and other obligations under this Code of Ethics at the time such person becomes an Access Person, and (c) require each Access Person to provide a signed Certificate of Compliance for the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy; |
(iv) | maintain a restricted list of all securities which the Company is in possession of material non-public information; |
(v) | maintain a list of Approved Brokerage Firms; |
(vi) | determine whether any Trading Request should be approved in accordance this Code of Ethics; |
(vii) | maintain files of statements and other information to be reviewed for the purpose of monitoring compliance with this Code of Ethics, which information shall be kept confidential by the Company, except as required to enforce this Code of Ethics, or to participate in any investigation concerning violations of applicable law; |
(viii) | review all Initial and Annual Securities Holdings Reports required to be provided by each Access Person pursuant to this Code of Ethics to determine whether a Code of Ethics violation may have occurred |
(ix) | determine if any conflict of interest or violation of this Code of Ethics results from or may be seen as resulting from the receipt of a gift or an acceptance of an invitation to attend business entertainment by an Access Person; |
(x) | determine if any conflict of interest or violation of this Code of Ethics results from or may be seen as resulting from an Outside Business Activity or Outside Business Interest; |
(xi) | review on a periodic basis: transactions reported by each Access Person pursuant to this Code of Ethics to determine whether a Code of Ethics violation may have occurred; |
(xii) | review any other statements, records and reports required by this Code of Ethics; and |
(xiii) | review on a regular basis and update as necessary, this Code of Ethics. |
Violations of this Code of Ethics
If the Chief Compliance Officer determines or suspects that a violation of this Code of Ethics has occurred, the Chief Compliance Officer shall take appropriate action. If the Chief Compliance Officer determines that an Access Person has violated this Code of Ethics, the Chief Compliance Officer shall prepare documentation of such determination and shall take appropriate remedial or corrective action. In addition, the Chief Compliance Officer may impose upon such Access Person sanctions that the Chief Compliance Officer deems appropriate in view of the facts and circumstances. Sanctions with respect to any Access Person (including a principal) may include written warning, a letter of censure and/or restitution or fines, as determined by the Chief Compliance Officer. In addition, the Company reserves the right to require the offending Access Person to reverse, cancel or freeze, at the Access Person’s expense, any transaction or position in a specific Security if the Company believes the transaction or position violates this Code of Ethics and/or the Company’s general fiduciary duty to its Clients, or otherwise appears improper. Violations of this Code of Ethics may also result in suspension or termination of employment.
All violations of this Code of Ethics must be immediately reported to the Chief Compliance Officer.
Recordkeeping
The Company will maintain records in accordance with the Company’s Policy Regarding Recordkeeping :
(i) | a copy of this Code of Ethics and any other preceding code of ethics that, at any time within the past 5 years, has been in effect in an easily accessible place; |
(ii) | a record of any Code of Ethics violation and of any sanctions imposed for a period of not less than 5 years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place; |
(iii) | a copy of each report (including monthly statements) made by an Access Person under this Code of Ethics for a period of not less than 5 years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place; |
(iv) | a record of all persons who are, or within the past 5 years have been, required to submit reports under this Code of Ethics, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports for a period of at least 5 years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report was submitted, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place; and |
(v) | a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition by an Access Person of Securities acquired in an Initial Public Offering or Limited Offering, for a period of at least 5 years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place. |
EXHIBIT
POLICY REGARDING INSIDER TRADING
The Company and its Access Persons have a fiduciary duty to the Company’s Clients. That fiduciary duty requires that the Company implement and enforce certain standards of conduct that are applicable to all of its Access Persons in order to protect the confidentiality of material non-public information held by the Company. To that end, and in accordance with Section 204A under the Advisers Act, the Company has adopted this policy regarding material nonpublic information and insider trading (this “Policy”).
Each Access Person must carefully read this Policy. Each Access Person must sign, date, and submit a Certificate of Compliance with the Code of Ethics and the Insider Trading Policy to indicate that the Access Person has read this Policy. Any questions regarding this Policy should be referred to the Chief Compliance Officer. Each Access Person should keep this copy of this Policy for reference.
General Insider Trading Policy Statement
It is the Company’s policy to conduct our business in full compliance with applicable law, and to ensure that all Supervised Persons do so as well. This Insider Trading Policy sets forth the prohibitions and procedures all Supervised Persons must observe to comply with applicable law regarding insider trading
This Insider Trading Policy applies to every Access Person and extends to activities both within and outside the scope of their duties at the Company. The Company forbids any Access Person from engaging in any activities that would be considered to be “insider trading”.
The term “insider trading” is not defined in Federal Securities Laws, but generally is understood to prohibit the following activities:
(i) | trading by an insider, while in possession of material non-public information; |
(ii) | trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material non-public information, where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated; |
(iii) | recommending the purchase or sale of securities while in possession of material non-public information; or |
(iv) | communicating material non-public information to others (i.e., “tipping”). |
The Company forbids any Access Person from: (i) trading either personally or on behalf of others, including Clients, based on material non-public information in violation of applicable law; (ii) communicating material non-public information to others in violation of applicable law; or (iii) knowingly assisting someone engaged in these activities. All information relating to the Company’s activities, including investment analyses, investment recommendations, and proposed and actual investments for the Company and our clients, is proprietary to the Company and must be kept confidential. Where such information is material, it should be treated as material non-public information; that is, Access Persons must not trade on it for their own accounts, and, without the approval of the Chief Compliance Officer, must not disclose it to anyone inside or outside the Company who does not need the information in the course of our business.
The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct are discussed below. If, after reviewing this Insider Trading Policy, you have any questions, please consult with the Chief Compliance Officer.
Who is an Insider?
The concept of “insider” is broad and includes officers, directors, partners, members and other employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a “temporary insider” if he or she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company’s affairs and, as a result, is given access to information solely for the company’s purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company’s attorneys, accountants, consultants, financial advisers, bank lending officers, and the employees of these organizations. In addition, the Company and its Access Persons may become temporary insiders of a company that the Company advises or for which the Company performs other services. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, before an outsider will be considered a temporary insider for these purposes, the company must expect the outsider to keep the disclosed non-public information confidential and the relationship must, at least, imply such a duty.
What is Material Information?
Generally, information is considered material if: (i) there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her decision to buy, sell or hold a company’s securities; or (ii) it is reasonably certain to have a material effect on the price of a company’s securities. Information that should be considered material includes, but is not limited to, the following: dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates, a joint venture, executive turnover, the borrowing of significant funds, a major labor dispute, merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidity problems, significant new products, services, or contracts, the cancellation or loss of significant orders, products, services or contracts, and extraordinary management developments. In addition, planned trading on behalf of Clients and non-public Client holdings are generally considered material. For information to be considered material it need not be so important that it would have changed an investor’s decision to purchase or sell particular securities; rather it is enough that it is the type of information on which reasonable investors rely in making purchase or sale decisions. The materiality of information relating to the possible occurrence of any future event would depend on the likelihood that the event will occur and its significance if it did occur.
Material information does not have to relate to a company’s business, but can also relate to events or circumstances affecting the market for a company’s securities. For example, certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a Security has been considered material. 1
What is Non-Public Information?
All information is considered non-public until it has been effectively communicated to the marketplace. In other words, information is considered non-public until some fact exist that shows that the information is generally public. For example, information found in a report filed with the SEC, or appearing on Bloomberg or in Dow Jones, Reuters Economic Services , The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation would be considered public. Information in bulletins and research reports disseminated by brokerage firms is also generally considered to be public information.
1 | U.S. v. Carpenter , 791 F.2d 1024 (2d Cir. 1986), aff’d , 484 U.S. 19 (1987), ( The Wall Street Journal reporter was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in the Journal and whether those reports would be favorable or not. Affirmed without opinion by an evenly divided court with respect to the charge of insider trading based on the “misappropriation” theory). |
Bases for Liability
In order to be found liable for insider trading, a person must either: (i) have a fiduciary relationship with the other party to the transaction and have breached the fiduciary duty owed to that other party; or (ii) have misappropriated material non-public information from another person.
Fiduciary Duty
Insider trading liability may be imposed on the theory that the insider breached a fiduciary duty to a company. The U.S. Supreme Court held that there is no general duty to disclose before trading on material non-public information, and that such a duty arises only where there is a fiduciary relationship. However, non-insiders can acquire the fiduciary duties of insiders in certain other circumstances: (i) they can enter into a confidential relationship with the company through which they gain the information (e.g., attorneys, accountants, etc.); or (ii) they can acquire a fiduciary duty to the company’s shareholders as “tippees” if they were aware, or should have been aware, that they had been given confidential information by an insider that violated his or her fiduciary duty to the company’s shareholders by providing such information to an outsider. However, in the “tippee” situation, a breach of duty occurs only where the insider personally benefits, directly or indirectly, from the disclosure. Such benefit does not have to be pecuniary, and can be a gift, a reputational benefit that will translate into future earnings, or even evidence of a relationship that suggests a quid pro quo .
Misappropriation
Another basis for insider trading liability is the “misappropriation” theory. Under the misappropriation theory, liability is established when trading occurs as a result of, or based upon, material non-public information that was stolen or misappropriated from any other person. In U.S. v. Carpenter , the court held that a columnist for The Wall Street Journal had defrauded the publication when he obtained information that was to appear in the publication and used such information for trading in the securities markets. The court held that the columnist’s misappropriation of information from his employer was sufficient to give rise to a duty to disclose such information or abstain from trading thereon, even though the columnist owed no direct fiduciary duty to the issuers of the securities described in the column or to purchasers or sellers of such securities in the marketplace. Similarly, if information is given to an analyst on a confidential basis and the analyst uses that information for trading purposes, liability could arise under the misappropriation theory.
Certain Penalties for Insider Trading
Certain penalties for trading on or communicating material non-public information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and their employers. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if he or she did not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties may include:
(i) | civil injunctions; |
(ii) | criminal penalties for individuals of up to $1 million and for “non-natural persons” of up to $2.5 million plus, for individuals, a jail term of up to 10 years; |
(iii) | disgorgement of profit gained or loss avoided; |
(iv) | civil penalties for the person who committed the violation of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided, whether or not the person actually benefited; |
(v) | civil penalties for the employer or other controlling person of up to the greater of $1 million per violation and three times the amount of the profit gained or loss avoided as a result of each violation; and |
(vi) | a permanent bar, pursuant to the SEC’s administrative jurisdiction, from employment or other association with any broker, dealer, investment company, investment adviser, or municipal securities dealer. |
In addition, any violation of this Insider Trading Policy can be expected to result in serious sanctions by the Company, including dismissal for cause, suspension without pay, loss of bonus, loss of severance benefits, demotion or other sanctions. ANY SEC INVESTIGATION, EVEN ONE THAT DOES NOT RESULT IN CRIMINAL OR CIVIL PROSECUTION, CAN IRREPARABLY DAMAGE THE COMPANY’S REPUTATION AND AN INDIVIDUAL’S CAREER. IT IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID EVEN THE APPEARANCE OF IMPROPRIETY.
Implementation of the Insider Trading Policy Procedures
The following procedures have been established to aid the Access Persons in avoiding insider trading, and to aid the Company in preventing and detecting insider trading. Every Access Person must follow these procedures or risk serious sanctions, as described above. If you have any questions about these procedures, please consult with the Chief Compliance Officer or other member of Legal and Compliance.
Identifying Insider Information
Before trading for yourself or others in the securities of a company about which you may have potential insider information, or revealing such information to others, or making a recommendation based on such information, you should ask yourself the following questions:
(i) | Is the information material? Is this information that an investor would consider important in making an investment decision? Is this information that would materially affect the market price of the securities if generally disclosed? |
(ii) | Is the information non-public? To whom has this information been provided? Has the information been effectively communicated to the marketplace by being published in The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation, appearing on wire services or electronic media (such as Bloomberg), or has it otherwise been made available to the public? |
If, after consideration of the above, you believe that the information is likely to be material and non-public, or if you have questions as to whether the information may be material and non-public, you should take the following steps:
(i) | Do not share such information with any Ionic personnel and immediately report the matter to Legal and Compliance. In consulting with Legal and Compliance, you should disclose all information that you believe may bear on the issue of whether the information you have is material and non-public so that appropriate security procedures can be implemented. |
(ii) | Immediately cease purchasing or selling securities (including covering short positions) with respect to such information, or recommending any transaction in any securities of the subject company, on behalf of yourself or others. |
(iii) | Refrain from communicating the information inside or outside the Company, (except to Legal and Compliance), especially in public hallways, elevators, restaurants, taxis or any other place where you may be overheard. |
After such information is communicated to Legal and Compliance, a determination regarding the material, non-public nature of the information will be made, appropriate action (such as adding an issuer to the Restricted List) will be taken and you will be instructed to continue the prohibitions against trading, recommending, or communication, or you will be allowed to trade, recommend and communicate the information.
Restricting Access to Material Non-Public Information
All Access Persons should conduct themselves in a manner to avoid inadvertently receiving material non-public information ( i.e. , from an eager broker pitching a potential transaction). To the extent practicable, all communications which are reasonably likely to result in the dissemination of material non-public information should only be had with a member of Legal and Compliance until the Company has been “taken over the wall.” To the extent the decision has been made to be taken over the wall with respect to any particular issuer, the Company will, to the extent practicable, enter into a transaction-specific confidentiality agreement, and in all instances, add the issuer to the Company’s Restricted List.
In addition to the foregoing, information in your possession that you identify, or which has been identified to you, as material and non-public, must not be communicated to anyone, except as provided herein under Implementation of the Company Insider Trading Policy Procedures and Identifying Insider Information . In addition, you should take steps to protect sensitive documents (including, but not limited to documents that are known to contain material, non-public information) from accidentally being read by anyone without a business need to know the information.
Restricted List
Certain transactions or potential transactions may result in the Company coming into possession of material non-public information that could restrict trading in certain Securities. The Chief Compliance Officer shall be responsible for maintaining the Restricted List of the names of the issuers of Securities which shall not be traded in personal or Client accounts unless such Client accounts are participating the private transaction giving rise to the issuer being added to the Restricted List. Once it is determined that the Company is no longer in possession of material non-public information, the issuer will be removed from the Restricted List. It is the responsibility of each Access Person to determine that a Security is not on the Restricted List before placing an order (whether a personal order or a Client order). In order to facilitate compliance with this Insider Trading Policy, a copy of the Restricted List is automatically displayed on each workstation at least twice a day, and upon any change in the contents of the list.
No Access Person may communicate to any person outside of the Company the fact that a name of any entity is on the Restricted List.
Supervisory Procedures
The Chief Compliance Officer is primarily responsible for administering and enforcing the provisions of this Insider Trading Policy. The supervisory procedures set forth below are reasonably designed to prevent and detect insider trading.
Prevention of Insider Trading
In addition to the prior approval and reporting procedures specified in the Company’s Code of Ethics, the following measures have been implemented to prevent insider trading by Access Persons:
(i) | each Access Person will be provided with a copy of the Code of Ethics and this Insider Trading Policy regarding insider trading; |
(ii) | the members of Legal and Compliance will answer questions regarding this Insider Trading Policy and all procedures relating thereto; |
(iii) | the members of Legal and Compliance will resolve issues of whether information received by an Access Person is material and non-public; |
(iv) | the Chief Compliance Officer will review this Insider Trading Policy on a periodic basis and update as necessary; |
(v) | whenever it has been determined that an Access Person has material non-public information, the Chief Compliance Officer will: (a) implement measures to prevent dissemination of such information, and (b) restrict Access Persons from trading in the securities by placing such securities on the Company’s Restricted List (as described above); and |
(vi) | upon the request of any Access Person, the Chief Compliance Officer a member of Legal and Compliance will promptly review and either approve or disapprove a request for clearance to trade in specified securities. |
Detection of Insider Trading
To detect insider trading, the Chief Compliance Officer will (i) review the securities transaction reports filed pursuant to the Company’s Code of Ethics; (ii) review the trading activity of Client accounts managed by the Company; and (iii) take such other action as the Chief Compliance Officer believes to be necessary or appropriate to determine whether material non-public information has been provided to or acted been acted upon by an Access Person.
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Gilbert G. Alvarado , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Gilbert G. Alvarado
Gilbert G. Alvarado, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Joseph B. Armes , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Joseph B. Armes
Joseph B. Armes, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Gerard J. Arpey , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Gerard J. Arpey
Gerard J. Arpey, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Brenda A. Cline , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Brenda A. Cline
Brenda A. Cline, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Eugene J. Duffy , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Eugene J. Duffy
Eugene J. Duffy, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Thomas M. Dunning , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Thomas M. Dunning
Thomas M. Dunning, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Alan D. Feld , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Alan D. Feld
Alan D. Feld, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Richard A. Massman , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Richard A. Massman
Richard A. Massman, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, Barbara J. McKenna , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ Barbara J. McKenna
Barbara J. McKenna, Trustee
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, R. Gerald Turner , Trustee of the American Beacon Funds, the American Beacon Select Funds and the American Beacon Institutional Funds Trust (collectively, the “Trusts”), hereby constitute and appoint Rosemary K. Behan, Trinh N. Lai, and Teresa A. Oxford, each of them with the power to act without any other and with full power of substitution, my true and lawful attorney with full power to sign for me in my capacity as Trustee for the Trusts any Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any amendments thereto of the Trusts and all instruments necessary or desirable in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature as it may be signed by said attorney to any and all amendments to said Registration Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this instrument has been signed below by the following in my capacity and on the 28 th day of February, 2017.
/s/ R. Gerald Turner
R. Gerald Turner, Trustee