Statements contained in this annual report on Form 10-K, or Annual Report, regarding our expectations, beliefs, estimates, intentions or strategies are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. For example, words such as "may," "will," "should," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue," "strategy," "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects," "intends," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Actual results and trends may differ materially from historical results and those projected in any such forward-looking statements depending on a variety of factors. These factors include, but are not limited to-

• market acceptance of new or existing services and features,
• success of our efforts to target mid-market and larger distributed enterprises,
• changes in the competitive dynamics of the markets in which we compete,
• customer cancellations and rate of churn,
• impact of current economic climate and adverse credit markets on our target customers,
• our ability to scale our business,
• our reliance on infrastructure of third-party network services providers,
• risk of failure in our physical infrastructure,
• risk of failure of our software,
• our ability to maintain the compatibility of our software with third-party applications and mobile platforms,
• continued compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements in the United States and foreign countries in which we make our software solutions available,
• risks relating to our strategies and objectives for future operations, including the execution of integration plans and realization of the expected benefits of our acquisitions,
• the amount and timing of costs associated with recruiting, training and integrating new employees,
• introduction and adoption of our cloud software solutions in markets outside of the United States, and
• general economic conditions that could adversely affect our business and operating results.

The forward-looking statements may also be impacted by the additional risks faced by us as described in this Annual Report, including those set forth under the section entitled "Risk Factors." All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Annual Report, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each calendar year. Each reference to a fiscal year in this Annual Report, refers to the fiscal year ended March 31 of the calendar year indicated (for example, fiscal 2016 refers to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016). Unless the context requires otherwise, references to "we," "us," "our," "8x8" and the "Company" refer to 8x8, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

8x8 provides cloud-based, enterprise-class software solutions that transform the way businesses communicate and collaborate globally. Delivered through a SaaS (Software as a Service) business model, our solutions are at the forefront of a disruptive technology shift that is occurring in business communications where enterprises are increasingly replacing costly and unwieldy on-premises communications equipment with agile, cloud-based software services delivered over the public Internet.

Cloud computing has fundamentally changed the way enterprise software applications are developed and deployed. Organizations no longer need to buy and maintain their own infrastructure of servers, storage and tools in order to run core business applications. Instead, companies can gain access to a variety of business applications via an Internet browser or mobile device on an as-needed basis, without the cost and complexity of managing the hardware or software in-house.

8x8's comprehensive software platform brings together the power of cloud, mobile, collaboration, video and data science technologies to enhance the way employees communicate with each other, and how they connect and interact with their customers. Our integrated, "pure-cloud" offering combines global voice, conferencing, messaging and video with integrated workflows and big data analytics on a single platform to enable increased team productivity, better customer engagement and real-time insights into business performance. Through a combination of open API's (application program interface) and pre-built integrations, 8x8 solutions seamlessly leverage critical customer context from internal data systems and industry-leading Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems, including cloud-based solutions from Salesforce.com, NetSuite, and Zendesk.

Powered by internally owned and managed technologies, 8x8's offerings are uniquely positioned to serve businesses of all sizes and can easily scale to large, globally distributed enterprise customers. Our turnkey solution spans the breadth of communications and collaboration needs, is provided with industry-leading reliability at an affordable cost and is quick and easy-to deploy through our proprietary deployment methodology. This allows customers to focus on their business instead of managing the complexities of disparate communications and collaboration platforms and the integration of these platforms with other cloud-based business applications.

We were incorporated in California in February 1987 and reincorporated in Delaware in December 1996. We maintain a corporate Internet website at the address http://www.8x8.com. The contents of this website are not incorporated in or otherwise to be regarded as part of this Annual Report. We file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, which are available on our website free of charge. These reports include annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports, each of which is provided on our website as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such materials with or furnish them to the SEC. You also can read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You can obtain additional information about the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1.800.SEC.0330. In addition, the SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including 8x8.

Businesses today are facing increasing cost and complexity with deployments of communications and collaboration solutions. Companies of all sizes are managing a mobile and globally distributed workforce that seeks to leverage multiple forms of communication, including voice, text, video and desktop, in their day-to-day interactions. The rapid rise of mobile devices in the enterprise has created demand for "bring your own device," or BYOD, provisioning capabilities. Additionally, companies are looking to increase their competitive edge by integrating ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), and HCM (Human Capital Management) applications and other back-office information technology (IT) systems within their communications infrastructure.

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The on-premises communications systems traditionally offered by legacy hardware vendors have numerous shortcomings that make them poorly suited for today's dynamic business environments. In addition to being difficult to deploy and expensive to maintain in multiple locations for a globally distributed workforce, these solutions may not provide the mobility, resiliency and business continuity capabilities required by customers. BYOD demands from employees further complicate the delivery of a company-wide communication system. The result is a patchwork communications system with security risks that stretch across the organization. Security compliance in this environment is extremely difficult, and information distributed across multiple systems increases administrative complexity and decreases business intelligence visibility.

Because of these inadequacies and security risks, more and more businesses are demanding enterprise-class cloud solutions like ours, which deliver secure, global, high-quality communications with built-in disaster recovery. Our service offerings are intuitive and easy-to-use, can be deployed rapidly, customized easily and integrated with other platforms and enterprise applications. We deliver our software as a service via all major Internet browsers and on leading mobile devices. Virtually all of our customers do not require any dedicated equipment, employees or carriers to use our services - only Internet connectivity and a subscription to the 8x8 service are required at the customer location.

We believe that the addressable market for our cloud communications and collaboration services is large, growing and underpenetrated. For example, we believe that the following forecasts, recently published by industry research firms may provide relevant data about the size of the markets addressed by our Virtual Office, Virtual Contact Center and Virtual Office Meetings solutions:

Frost & Sullivan estimates North American spending on cloud communications and collaboration services will increase at a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 29% to $14 billion in 2021. (Frost & Sullivan "Analysis of the North American Hosted IP Telephony and UCC Services Market," July 2015).

According to Transparency Market Research, the global unified communications as a service market is poised for staggering growth, and will be worth US$37.85 billion by 2022. The market will expand at a CAGR of 23.4% between 2014 and 2022. (Transparency Market Research "Unified Communication as a Service Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2014 - 2022," July 2015).

MarketsandMarkets forecasts that the global cloud-based contact center market is expected to grow from $4.68 billion in 2015 to $14.71 billion by 2020, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25.7% during the forecast period. (MarketsandMarkets "Cloud Based Contact Center Market - Global Forecast to 2020," November 2015).

IDC forecasts the content collaboration software market to grow to a total of $6.2 billion by 2019, representing a 13.4% CAGR for the 2014-2019 period. (IDC "Worldwide Content Collaboration Software Forecast," December 2015).

• Seamless Communications over an Integrated Software Platform . We believe that seamless, continuous communications drives more effective employee and customer engagement and greater business productivity. To that end, 8x8's solutions have been designed to allow users to communicate and collaborate with others in an integrated and fluid manner. For example, a user who initiates a voice call on a desk phone and then needs to leave the office can seamlessly transfer the call to a mobile device without the person they are communicating with being aware that the user is no longer at his/her desk.
• Single Vendor for All Communication Software . Increasingly, customers are seeking multiple solutions from a single vendor, especially in our rapidly growing enterprise customer segment, to further simplify the deployment and management of their communications infrastructure. Our cloud software solutions encompass all of the primary communications capabilities required by businesses - voice, video, presence, chat, conferencing, collaboration, contact center and analytics - providing multiple buying paths and usage scenarios for our customers.
• Focus on Customer Communication . Many businesses are faced with customer communication challenges due to gaps in internal employee communication, poor internal collaboration, and little or no contextual data available at the time of customer contact. To help companies communicate better with their customers, our solutions link customer information with internal collaboration capabilities to provide synchronized customer engagement from the moment of contact with any individual role within the company's sales, support and other customer-facing organizations.

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• Big Data and Analytics . We believe that transparency into communication provides businesses the information they need to optimize customer communication. For that reason we released a series of analytic tools in the 2016 calendar year that give businesses visibility into employee communications in the contact center and the enterprise. Mining and analyzing "big data" related to communication optimization is a pioneering area in which we are investing.
• Rapid Deployment . Business flexibility in the global, modern economy is a competitive necessity, and we embrace the notion that communication services should be deployable as quickly as possible. Our services can be provisioned in minutes, on-the-fly, from web-based administrative tools. We have automated our provisioning, billing and other systems to enable rapid customer deployment and maximum flexibility.
• Global Reach ® . We provide service today via Global Reach® to 114 countries. Our nine data centers help us achieve, low voice latency and superior quality and reliability in all these countries. We currently maintain data center operations in five dispersed regions of the world - United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Australia.
• Committed Service Quality over the Public Internet . We offer qualifying customers an end-to-end service level agreement (SLA) with commitments regarding service availability and voice quality for calls transmitted over the public Internet. This SLA provides for at least 99.99% uptime and a voice-quality mean opinion score (MOS) of 3.0 or higher for at least 98% of all calls carried over the network, subject to certain exceptions (such as scheduled maintenance) and conditions (such as the customer's implementation of dual diverse connections to the Internet and adherence to our setup guidelines). We are able to provide this level of SLA because of our proprietary audio stack and the geographical and network architecture, which optimizes the path for voice data across the World Wide Web.
• Security and Compliance . We understand that security of information is paramount for many organizations. To that end we have invested heavily in security and compliance with state and federal regulations including FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act), HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) FIPS 140-2 (Federal Information Processing Standard), CPNI (Customer Proprietary Network Information), PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard), and U.S., E.U. and EEA Safe Harbor data privacy standards (under the former Safe Harbor framework).

We are committed to developing and delivering the most innovative, reliable, scalable and secure cloud software for business communications. Our strategy is based on market growth dynamics, including the growing adoption of cloud communications software by larger mid-market and enterprise customers, along with the capabilities of our solutions, to continue to build a competitive advantage by delivering unique value to our customers.

The following are key elements of our strategy:

• Global Expansion . There is an increasing number of small and midsize (SMB) and mid-market sized customers with facilities and personnel in multiple countries. Traditional communication solutions bridging multiple geographies and carrier networks are cumbersome and expensive, and we see a market need for seamless cloud software solutions that can connect employees and customers across multinational organizations with simplicity and ease. We are focused on expanding our ability to effectively and efficiently deliver our software solutions into an increasing number of countries and regions. In addition, we plan to continue expanding the distribution of our services into new countries through a combination of organic growth, regional acquisitions and channel partners.
• One Integrated Platform . Business communications solutions are increasingly requiring a breadth of software capabilities, spanning from simple voice and video collaboration to complex multi-channel contact center capabilities. We believe our ability to deliver a full spectrum of capabilities within a single cloud platform from a single vendor is a competitive advantage, especially for larger customers. We plan to continue expanding the set and features of services within our platform, including extending our contact center capabilities, adding deeper collaboration services, and bringing an increasing number of analytics-driven applications to market. Additionally, our services provide increased benefits when used in concert, so we intend to upsell our products and services by educating our customers on the additional functionality and overall business value that can be achieved across our platform.
• Enterprise Grade . We have invested in our software and software delivery infrastructure to provide a high-level of availability, reliability, security and compliance, and will continue to invest in this area. Additionally, we plan to expand and deepen our customer deployment and support capabilities, including more program management, professional services, and partner delivery capabilities, to meet the needs of larger multi-national customers.

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• Intuitive User Experience . Because we deliver our software from one integrated platform, we can offer an intuitive, seamless communication experience that spans voice, messaging, and video. We plan to continue enhancing the usability and user interface of our software, including mobility and tighter integration with commonly used business productivity application, CRM solutions and vertical business applications.
• Mid-Market and Distributed Enterprise Focus. We plan to capitalize on the growing adoption of cloud-based communications and collaboration solutions in mid-market and distributed enterprises through increasing focus on our direct and channel sales strategy.
• Strategic Acquisitions . We intend to identify, acquire and integrate strategic technologies, assets and businesses that we believe will expand the breadth of our cloud software offerings and drive growth, both domestically and internationally.

We have built a global, hyper-scalable cloud communications and contact center platform that is powering the communications infrastructure worldwide for businesses of all sizes from an SMB to a large, multi-national enterprise. Regardless of size, our software enables businesses to operate as one unified entity while delivering the highest quality of service. These capabilities are becoming increasingly important as more and more globally distributed enterprises move their communications infrastructure to the cloud. Unlike many cloud business services, our distributed platform enables users to utilize services from our data centers worldwide automatically, based on their current location without any user intervention. Our software solutions combine global voice, messaging and video with integrated workflows and big data analytics to provide business communications to our customers' workforce, to enable better customer engagement, increased team productivity, and real-time insights into business performance.

All of our software components work together and can be combined into different bundles depending on the business needs of our customers. Our software products provide solutions in the following areas:

The Company's flagship software product, branded 8x8 Virtual Office, delivers high quality voice as a service globally with a robust business feature set. 8x8 Virtual Office is a self-contained, end-to-end solution that enables a customer to use a single business phone number to place and receive calls from any supported device (including desktop phones, computers with an installed software telephone app, and mobile devices) over any available Internet connection. Local numbers are available in over 80 countries and toll-free numbers are available in over 100 countries. We further provide local number porting in more than 40 countries.

The use of a single business telephone number across any employee device is an important advancement because it allows a business to retain a phone number, and the business contacts associated with it, when an employee leaves the business. Without this advancement, employees using their mobile phones for work can take their personal number with them on termination of employment, meaning that they can easily retain business contact information that typically belongs to their employers.

With 8x8 Virtual Office, those business contacts stay with the company, and can be assigned to a different employee. 8x8 Virtual Office also connects all internal business calls (including calls to a receptionist, voicemail system, conference bridge, etc.) using any Internet connection, which enables high definition (HD) audio at a much lower price point for the business, making this product especially suitable for distributed companies with employees in many different locations.

8x8 Virtual Office includes a complete set of business features such as a worldwide extension calling, corporate directory with click-to-call functionality, voicemail, call forwarding, transfers, conferencing, ring groups (ringing many different extensions at the same time), hot-desking (multiple people sharing the same physical device), call recording, call monitoring, music on hold, and a receptionist console with a night-attendant feature to answer and route calls when no employees are available.

Many 8x8 Virtual Office pricing plans include unlimited calls to certain regions of the world, with different prepaid or per-minute plans for connecting international and toll-free calls.

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Messaging and Presence

Our solutions include 8x8 Virtual Office and 8x8 Virtual Office Pro software that enables all of the customer's authorized personnel to see a corporate directory sorted and searchable by name, branch, department and other fields defined for a given set of employees. In addition to presence information, which shows whether an employee is logged in, available, busy, temporarily away or in a do-not-disturb mode, Virtual Office Pro enables employees and workgroups to communicate with each other using chat or text messages sent via the Short Message Service (SMS) protocol, commonly known as "texting" on mobile phones. Chats from other employees will appear on any 8x8 chat-enabled device, including mobile phones, associated with the employee. Chats can also be seamlessly escalated to a voice call or video connection. 8x8's Virtual Office Pro chat messages are secure and integrated into the business communications environment.

We provide software to enable a multi-channel contact center under the 8x8 Virtual Contact Center brand. Our multi-channel (voice, chat, voicemail, e-mail) call center can be used for customer support, sales and any other corporate function that involves a high density of inbound or outbound interactions with customers.

8x8 Virtual Contact Center offers features such as a programmable, interactive voice response tool for greeting customers, automatic queuing and routing of inbound inquiries, skills-based routing of inquiries to the appropriate call center agents, multimedia management, real-time monitoring and reporting, voice recording and logging, historical reporting, contact and case management tools, and integration with popular third party CRM tools.

A unique feature of 8x8 Virtual Contact Center is its integration with the 8x8 Virtual Office and 8x8 Virtual Office Pro software. This enables contact center agents to have phone calls with anyone in the corporate directory, as well as to see the presence of employees across the enterprise, regardless of their locations, and enables the contact centers to become an integrated part of the communications of the entire enterprise.

Our Virtual Office Meetings software solution is an ideal tool for teams within the enterprise to meet and collaborate on a shared project from any Virtual Office extension, desktop or mobile device. Initiating a meeting takes only three clicks, and can include internal colleagues or external participants via a software download and/or a dial-in telephone number from any country where the business has deployed 8x8 Virtual Office.

Inside a Virtual Office Meeting, participants experience high definition audio conferencing (for employees or external participants using a software download), content sharing, chat conversations and meeting recordings. Meetings can be scheduled in advance either from the software itself or from Microsoft Outlook.

We also provide Virtual Office Mobile software that turns any Apple IOS and Android-based mobile device into a device that will function as an extension on the 8x8 Virtual Office platforms. Virtual Office Mobile also allows any telephone number anywhere in the world (even a non-8x8 phone number) to be associated as an extension on the 8x8 Virtual Office platform. Virtual Office Mobile can be downloaded from the Apple or Google Play stores as an application.

Once installed, this application enables calls to be placed or received on the mobile device using the business number of the employee, and makes key Virtual Office features accessible such as access to the corporate directory, presence information, voicemail access, chat and SMS texting, access to Virtual Office Meetings (with content sharing and video, if subscribed). Our mobility software application runs in the background of the mobile device and automatically launches the application for business, not personal, communications. Outbound communications from the Virtual Office Mobile software appear to the outside world as if they originated from the employee's 8x8 Virtual Office extension.

Our software integrates with third party software providers to add high definition video to any 8x8 Virtual Office Meeting session to provide HD video conferencing capability for up to 8 participants using any Virtual Office, Virtual Office Pro, or Virtual Office Mobile device that includes a camera. The high definition video component is an optional, add-on service to Virtual Office Meetings. Our software also enables point-to-point video calls between any two 8x8 Virtual Office, Virtual Office Pro, or Virtual Office Mobile endpoints if a camera device is present at the respective endpoints.

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Big Data / Analytics

We have developed a set of big data tools that collect and analyze historical and real-time communications data transmitted through our Virtual Office and Virtual Contact Center solutions. These products, sold under the Virtual Office Analytics and Virtual Contact Center Analytics brands, enable an enterprise to improve its performance by providing details about internal and external call activity, real-time call queue status, call quality and global routing and device status information.

We provide software to enable a group of employees within a business unit to set up their own communications infrastructure without requiring the involvement of an information technology (IT) or formal purchasing function. We refer to these solutions as "Line of Business" because they can be adopted and used by any employee within an enterprise. EasyContactNow (currently only available in the United Kingdom) is a simple, multi-channel outbound and inbound contact center for voice, SMS, chat and e-mail interactions with external customers cloud solution that enables employees within the business unit to easily communicate across multiple touchpoints and engage customers and prospects based on a request or campaign. Customers pay as they go and are only charged for their actual usage of the product.

Our software uses a combination of open application program interfaces (APIs) and pre-built integrations to enhance functionality with data from other third-party back office management systems, including cloud-based solutions from Salesforce.com, NetSuite, and Zendesk. We typically offer our customers access to these integrations from our website and from partner application exchange web sites.

These integrations enable customers to receive a popup screen from the third party solution whenever a relevant inbound call is received, and also enables customers to click-to-call any customer or prospect in the third party solution.

We introduced our first communications software as a service offering in 2002, and have since expanded our solutions, features and software capabilities. Almost all of our software is delivered from internally owned and operated software technologies built from the ground up to deliver these services to our customers from the Internet cloud.

From inception through March 31, 2016 we have been awarded 118 United States patents covering a variety of voice and video communications, signaling, processing and storage technologies. Many patents in our portfolio relate to the communications software used in our various software products.

We supply communications software to users in over 114 countries across six continents. We run our software in nine data centers in seven locations around the world. Providing high quality global communications requires more than just a set of data centers, however. We also developed our proprietary Global Reach® patented technology so that 8x8 software voice communications, placed or received anywhere on the globe on any compatible device, can have the same consistent quality as a local or internal call within a single area code.

Many hosted VoIP solutions route call data through the same data center regardless of the physical or geographic location of callers. We take a different and, we believe, more optimal approach: when an end-user makes a call using our solution, our patented technology seeks out the closest data center to the current location, subject to service, security and data sovereignty considerations (which might require that the user's signaling data be sourced from a certain geography). We call this "geo-routing." Our patented technologies to ensure that this data latency is always minimized. For all routing decisions, current Internet and carrier network conditions are taken into account and the best route is determined in real time.

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Many of our software solutions provide mission critical services to our business customers, and we have developed technologies and architectures that embed high reliability and uptime into our software.

Based on our reliability technologies and Global Reach®, we are able to offer some of our enterprise customers an end-to-end SLA that provides commitments as to both the availability of our solutions, or uptime, and voice call quality, including commitments as to:

• A minimum of 99.99% service uptime. In fiscal 2016, our annual service uptime exceeded 99.99% across our customer base, running at 99.997% for Virtual Office and 99.992% for Virtual Contact Center. These percentages exclude downtime for scheduled maintenance;
• Voice quality standards based on the industry standard Mean Opinion Score (MOS). The SLA provides for a minimum MOS of 3.0 for 98% of all calls end-to-end over private networks or the public Internet.

These commitments are subject to certain prerequisites, including the customer's implementation of dual diverse connections to the Internet and adherence to our setup guidelines.

Our technologies include a number of deployment methodologies that represent best practices for deploying our software at a new customer site and driving maximum customer adoption of our more advanced software features. We also manage and port existing business numbers globally, and we provide local number porting services in more than 40 countries. We also provide software connectivity to emergency services, wiretap and other regulatory services required by law in different regions of the world. We have developed our own billing software, and provide our customers with electronic monthly billing.

Finally, a key aspect of our technology for larger enterprise customers and certain industry verticals, like medical, is our security and compliance, including Cloud Security Alliance, HIPAA, FISMA, PCI-DSS v3.1, end-to-end encryption technologies, U.S., E.U. and EEA Safe Harbor data privacy standards (under the former Safe Harbor framework), and ISO/IEC 27001:2013.

We market our services directly to end users through a variety of means including search engine marketing and optimization, third party lead generation sources, industry conferences, trade shows, webinars, traditional advertising channels and other demand generation activities. We employ a multi-tiered direct sales force and indirect channel partner network consisting of VARs (value added resellers), master agents, system integrators and service providers in the U.S., Canada, UK and Australia to identify, qualify and manage prospects throughout the sales cycle. Our sales professionals work closely with inside technical support, sales engineers and deployment specialists to develop customized proposals based on individual customer requirements. Sales representatives are paid a base salary or hourly rate and monthly commission for selling our products and services. The commission is based on new sales made by the sales representative. Our sales department employs over 100 individuals.

Given the size and stage of the current market opportunity and the breadth of our communications and collaboration service platform, we face competition from several types of organizations including other cloud services providers, communications and collaboration software vendors and incumbent telephone companies reselling legacy communications equipment. For more information regarding the risks associated with such competition, please refer to our "Risk Factors" below.

When customers have decided to transition to cloud-based communications, we compete with other cloud communication software providers such as RingCentral, Fuze, inContact, Five9, and Interactive Intelligence to win that business. We believe that our comprehensive suite of services integrated over a common platform, including our contact center capabilities, as well as our expertise in security, reliability, quality of service, analytics and global coverage, gives customers of all sizes a significant incentive to choose us over other cloud-based providers.

We also face competition from communications and collaboration vendors such as Cisco, Google, and Microsoft Corporation. While these competitors currently provide solutions that compete with some elements of our software suite, notably our Virtual Office Meeting web conferencing solution, they are beginning to roll out additional communications capabilities including business voice. Although we believe that none of these competitors currently have cloud services offerings that span the entire breadth of our platform, they each have strong software solutions for their respective communications and/or collaboration silos. In addition, many of these competitors are substantially larger and better capitalized than we are and have advantages

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with larger existing customer bases and larger marketing budgets. However, we believe that a collective deployment of these software solutions that is equivalent to a similar deployment of our services is likely to be more expensive and cumbersome for customers to integrate into a cohesive communications solution.

Our cloud-based software replaces wireline business voice services sold by incumbent telephone and cable companies such as AT&T, CenturyLink, Comcast, and Verizon Communications in conjunction with on-premises hardware solutions from companies like Avaya, Cisco and Mitel. However, we believe that the solutions offered by these competitors are typically more expensive to adopt, require on-premise implementations and regular hardware and IT infrastructure upgrades. Furthermore, the offerings typically do not provide all the functionality needed for our customers to integrate their communication systems with their IT infrastructure, therefore requiring additional system integration investments and set up.

Our operations infrastructure consists of data management, monitoring, control and billing systems that support all of our products and services. We have invested substantial resources to develop and implement our real-time call management information system. Key elements of our operations infrastructure include a prospective customer quotation portal, customer provisioning, customer access, fraud control, network security, call routing, call monitoring, media processing and normalization, call reliability, detailed call record storage and billing and integration with third-party applications. We maintain a call switching platform in software that manages call admission, call control, call rating and routes calls to an appropriate destination or customer premises equipment.

We maintain a network operations center at our headquarters in San Jose, California and employ a staff of approximately 50 individuals with experience in voice and data operations to provide 24-hour operations support, seven days per week. We use various tools to monitor and manage all elements of our network and our partners' networks in real time. We also monitor the network elements of some of our larger business customers. Additionally, our network operations center provides technical support to troubleshoot equipment and network problems. We also rely upon the network operations centers and resources of our telecommunications carrier partners such as Level 3 Communications, Inc. and data center providers such as Equinix, Inc. to augment our monitoring and response efforts.

In the event of a major disruption at a data center, such as a natural disaster, failover between data centers for 8x8 Virtual Office happens instantly. Active calls may disconnect, but new calls can be generated immediately. In addition, most of the maintenance services performed by 8x8 are completely seamless and invisible to customers. For example, we can move the core call flow processing from one data center to another without dropping a single call. 8x8 Virtual Contact Center local redundancy is offered by default, and geographical redundancy can be enabled as an option to provision geo-redundant tenants on multiple sites.

We maintain a call center at our headquarters in San Jose, California and have a staff of approximately 90 employees and contractors that provide customer service and technical support to customers. In addition, we have outsourced some customer support activities to third parties. Customers who access our services directly through our website receive customer service and technical support through multilingual telephone communication, web-based and "chat" sessions, and email support.

We are a party to telecommunications interconnect and service agreements with VoIP providers and PSTN telecommunications carriers, such as Level 3 Communications, Verizon Communications and Inteliquent. Pursuant to these agreements, VoIP calls originating on our network can be terminated on other VoIP networks or the PSTN. Correspondingly, calls originating on other VoIP networks and the PSTN can be terminated on our network.

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Research and Development

The cloud communications market is characterized by rapid technological changes and advancements, typical of most SaaS markets. Accordingly, we make substantial investments in the design and development of new products and services, as well as the development of enhancements and features to our existing products and services, and make these enhancements available to our customers frequently.

We believe our ability to deliver a full spectrum of capabilities within a single cloud platform from a single vendor is a competitive advantage, especially for larger customers. We plan to continue expanding our set of services within our platform, including extending our contact center capabilities, adding deeper collaboration services, and bringing an increasing number of analytics-driven applications to market. Our future development programs also will focus on the integration and functionality of our products and services with other SaaS products, such as Salesforce.com, NetSuite, Zendesk and others. Supporting a variety of standard and custom integration partners and services is essential to our success as a cloud services provider.

We currently employ more than 140 individuals in research, development and engineering activities in our facilities in San Jose, California as well as outsourced software development consultants. Our Romanian subsidiary consists of employees primarily dedicated to our research development efforts. Research and development expenses in each of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $24.0 million, $15.1 million and $11.6 million, respectively.

In the United States, VoIP and other software communications and collaboration services, like ours, have been subject to less regulation at the state and federal levels than traditional telecommunications services. Providers of traditional telecommunications services are subject to the highest degree of regulation, while providers of VoIP and other information services are largely exempt from most federal and state regulations governing traditional common carriers. The FCC has subjected VoIP service providers to a smaller subset of regulations that apply to traditional telecommunications service providers and has not yet classified VoIP services as either telecommunications or information. The FCC is currently examining the status of VoIP service providers and the services they provide in multiple open proceedings. In addition, many state regulatory agencies impose taxes and other surcharges on VoIP services, and certain states take the position that offerings by VoIP providers are intrastate telecommunications services and therefore subject to state regulation. These states argue that if the beginning and end points of communications are known, and if some of these communications occur entirely within the boundaries of a state, the state can regulate that offering. We believe that the FCC has pre-empted states from regulating VoIP offerings in the same manner as providers of traditional telecommunications services. However, this issue has not been resolved definitively as a matter of law, and it remains possible that the FCC could determine that such services are not information services, or that there could be a judicial or legislative determination that the states are not pre-empted from regulating VoIP services as traditional telecommunications services. We cannot predict how or when these issues will be resolved or its potential future impact on our business at this time.

In addition to regulations addressing Internet telephony and broadband services, other regulatory issues relating to the Internet, in general, could affect our ability to provide our services. Congress has adopted legislation that regulates certain aspects of the Internet including online content, user privacy, taxation, liability for third party activities and jurisdiction. In addition, a number of initiatives pending in Congress and state legislatures would prohibit or restrict advertising or sale of certain products and services on the Internet, which may have the effect of raising the cost of doing business on the Internet generally.

Internationally, we are subject to a complex patchwork of regulations that vary from country to country. Some countries have adopted laws that make the provision of VoIP services illegal within the country. Other countries have adopted laws that impose stringent licensing obligations on providers of VoIP services like ours. In many countries, it is not clear how laws that have historically been applied to traditional telecommunications providers will be applied to providers of VoIP services like us.

The effect of any future laws, regulations and orders, or any changes in the enforcement of existing laws, on our operations, including, but not limited to, our cloud-based communications and collaboration services, cannot be determined. But as a general matter, increased regulation and the imposition of additional funding obligations increases service costs that may or may not be recoverable from our customers, which could result in making our services less competitive with traditional telecommunications services if we increase our prices or decreasing our profit margins if we attempt to absorb such costs.

Federal, state, local and foreign governmental organizations are considering other legislative and regulatory proposals that would regulate and/or tax applications running over the Internet. We cannot predict whether new taxes will be imposed on our services, and depending on the type of taxes imposed, whether and how our services would be affected thereafter. Increased regulation of the Internet may decrease its growth and hinder technological development, which may negatively impact the cost of doing business via the Internet or otherwise materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Please refer to Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for a discussion of regulatory risks, proceedings and issues that could adversely affect our business and operating results in the future.

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Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights

Our ability to compete depends, in part, on our ability to obtain and enforce intellectual property protection for our technology in the United States and internationally. We currently rely primarily on a combination of trade secrets, patents, copyrights, trademarks and licenses to protect our intellectual property. From inception through March 31, 2016, we have been awarded 118 United States patents since our inception, of which we expect to expire between 2016 and 2043. We have additional United States and foreign patent applications pending.

We cannot predict whether our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.

To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we require our employees to sign agreements providing for the maintenance of confidentiality and also the assignment of rights to inventions made by them while in our employ. There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad will be adequate or that competition will not independently develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technology, duplicate our technology or design around any of our patents. In addition, the laws of foreign countries in which our products are or may be sold do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Our failure to protect our proprietary information could cause our business and operating results to suffer.

We are also subject to the risks of adverse claims and litigation alleging infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. Such claims and litigation could require us to expend substantial resources and distract key employees from their normal duties, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows and financial condition. The communications and software industries are subject to frequent litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. Moreover, the VoIP service provider community has historically been a target of patent holders. There is a risk that we will be a target of assertions of patent rights and that we may be required to expend significant resources to investigate and defend against such assertions of patent rights. For information about specific claims, please refer to Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors - "Our infringement of a third party's proprietary technology could disrupt our business" and Part I, Item 3. "LEGAL PROCEEDINGS."

We rely upon certain technology, including hardware and software, licensed from third parties. These licenses are on standard commercial terms made generally available by the companies providing the licenses. To date, the cost and terms of these licenses individually has not been material to our business. There can be no assurance that the technology licensed by us will continue to provide competitive features and functionality or that licenses for technology currently utilized by us or other technology which we may seek to license in the future will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, however. The loss of, or inability to maintain, existing licenses could result in shipment delays or reductions until equivalent technology or suitable alternative products could be developed, identified, licensed and integrated, and could harm our business.

We have two reportable segments. Financial information relating to revenues generated in different geographic areas are set forth in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

As of March 31, 2016, our workforce consisted of 810 employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or are subject to a collective bargaining arrangement.

Our executive officers as of the date of this report are listed below.

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Bryan Martin, Chairman and Chief Technology Officer. Bryan Martin, age 48, has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors since December 2003, has served as Chief Technology Officer since September 2013 and as a director since February 2002. From February 2002 to September 2013, he served as Chief Executive Officer. From March 2007 to November 2008, and again from April 2011 to December 2011, he served as President. From February 2001 to February 2002, he served as our President and Chief Operating Officer. He served as our Senior Vice President, Engineering Operations from July 2000 to February 2001 and as Chief Technical Officer from August 1995 to August 2000. He also served as a director of the Company from January 1998 through July 1999. In addition, Mr. Martin served in various technical roles for the Company from April 1990 to August 1995. He received a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.

Mary Ellen Genovese, Chief Financial Officer. Mary Ellen Genovese, age 57, has served as our Chief Financial Officer since November 2014.  Ms. Genovese had been serving as our Senior Vice President of Human Resources since July 2014 and prior to that, as a consultant to the Company since April 2012. Prior to joining the Company, from 2008 to 2011, Ms. Genovese served as a consultant to a Fortune 50 security company. From 2004 through 2006, Ms. Genovese was the Chief Financial Officer of Savi Technology, Inc. Prior to joining Savi Technology, she was Chief Financial Officer of Trimble Navigation Limited from 2000 to 2004. Between 1992 and 2000, Ms. Genovese worked at Trimble in a succession of other financial and accounting positions, including VP of Finance and Corporate Controller. Ms. Genovese holds a B.S. Degree in Accounting from Fairfield University and received her CPA license from the State of Connecticut.

Darren Hakeman, Senior Vice President of Product and Strategy. Darren Hakeman, age 46, has served as our Senior Vice President of Product and Strategy since September 2013, and was a consultant to the Company starting in May 2013. From 2009 to 2013, Mr. Hakeman worked as a strategic advisor to leading Silicon Valley companies and emerging start-ups including Authentication Metrics, Inc. (now Agari), Blackfire Research, and a major global security company. Prior to 2009, he served as Senior Vice President of Operations for a SaaS Business Unit of Lockheed Martin that emerged following Lockheed's acquisition of Savi Technology, Inc. He received a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.

Puneet Arora, Senior Vice President of Global Sales. Puneet Arora, age 41, has served as Senior Vice President of Global Sales since January 2015. From January 2013 to January 2015, Mr. Arora was Vice President and Head of North America Sales at LivePerson. From August 2010 to August 2012, Mr. Arora led Cloud CRM Sales - North America - West for Oracle. From September 2007 to November 2009, Mr. Arora was Vice President of Corporate Sales for Salesforce.com. He received a B.S. in Computer Engineering from Iowa State University.

Our future success depends on our ability to significantly increase revenue generated from our cloud software solutions to business customers, including SMBs and mid-market and larger distributed enterprises. To increase our revenue, we must add new customers and encourage existing customers to continue their subscriptions on terms favorable to us, increase their usage of our services, and purchase additional services from us. For customer demand and adoption of our cloud software solutions to grow, the quality, cost and feature benefits of these services must be sufficient to cause customers to adopt them. For example, our cloud telephony and contact center services must continue to evolve so that high-quality service and features can be consistently provided at competitive prices. As our target markets mature, or as competitors introduce lower cost and/or differentiated products or services that are perceived to compete with ours, our ability to sell new customers and obtain renewals from existing customers could be impaired. As a result, we may be unable to extend our agreements with existing customers or attract new customers or new business from existing customers on terms that would be favorable or comparable to prior periods, which could have an adverse effect on our revenue and growth.

Historically, our core service offerings have been our cloud software communication services and contact center services, which contributed a substantial majority of our revenues in fiscal years ended March 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Marketing and selling new and enhanced features and services, and additional communications and collaboration offerings, may require increasingly sophisticated and costly sales efforts. Similarly, the rate at which our customers purchase new or enhanced services depends on a number of factors, including general economic conditions and their reactions to any price changes related to these additional features and services. If our efforts to upsell to our customers are not successful and negative reaction occurs, our business may suffer.

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To support the successful marketing and sale of our services to new and existing customers, we must continue to offer high-quality education and customer support. Providing this education and support requires that our customer support personnel have specific technical knowledge and expertise, making it more difficult and costly for us to hire qualified personnel and to scale up our support operations due to the extensive training required. The importance of high-quality customer support will increase as we expand our business and pursue new mid-market and distributed enterprise customers. If we do not help our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues and provide effective ongoing support, our ability to sell additional functionality and services to existing customers will suffer and our reputation with existing or potential customers will be harmed.

Furthermore, we operate in an industry that is subject to significant federal and state regulation in the United States and regulation by various governments and governmental bodies in other countries in which we offer our communications and collaboration services. Regulations may impede the growth of our business, impose significant additional costs, and require substantial changes to software and other technology. Also, new regulations may be adopted that materially reduce demand for our services by businesses.

We currently derive a minority of our revenues from sales of our cloud software solutions to larger distributed enterprises, but we believe penetrating these customers is key to our future growth. We have a limited history of selling our services to larger businesses and have experienced, and may continue to experience, new challenges in providing our cloud software solutions to large customers. As we have targeted more of our sales efforts to mid-market and larger distributed enterprises, our sales cycle has become more time-consuming and expensive. As we expand farther into this market segment, we may encounter pricing pressure and implementation and customization challenges, and revenue recognition may be delayed for some complex transactions, all of which could harm our business and operating results. In this market segment, the customer's decision to use our service may be an enterprise-wide decision and, if so, these types of sales may require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our service, as well as education regarding privacy and data protection laws and regulations to prospective customers with international operations. In addition, larger customers may demand more features, integration services and customization. Furthermore, larger customers' networks can be complex, and their lack of local IT expertise can adversely impact the quality of services that we deliver over their networks, and can result in delays in the implementation of our services that can adversely affect the installation of our services, which may lead to the cancellation of orders or services. This may create a perception that we are unable to deliver high quality of service to the end-users, negatively impacting our reputation and creating an adverse perception of our abilities to implement and deliver services resulting in cancellation of orders or services. Moreover, larger customers demand higher levels of customer service and in-person visits, which can impact our cost structure to implement and deliver services. If a customer is not satisfied with the quality of work performed by us or a third party or with the type of services or solutions delivered, then we might incur additional costs to address the situation, the profitability of that work might be impaired, and the customer's dissatisfaction with our services could damage our ability to obtain additional work from that customer. In addition, negative publicity related to our customer relationships, regardless of its accuracy, could injure our reputation and further damage our business by affecting our ability to compete for new business with current and prospective customers.

Larger customers also might require services in different international locations where we may encounter technical, logistical, infrastructure and regulatory limitations on our ability to implement or deliver our services, and be unable to provide the required services. These issues could limit the expansion of our services for some of these customers or result in cancellation of all of our services to those customers that want just one vendor internationally.

As a result of these factors, these sales opportunities may require us to devote greater sales support and engineering services resources to individual customers, driving up costs and time required to complete sales and diverting our own sales and engineering resources to a smaller number of larger transactions, while potentially delaying revenue recognition on transactions for which we must meet technical or implementation requirements. Such delays in revenue recognition could adversely impact our periodic revenues and cause our operating results to become more volatile, and materially adversely affect our operating results. Furthermore, we may invest significant time and resources with no assurance that a sale will ever be made. We also face challenges building and training an integrated sales force capable of fully addressing the services and features contained in all of the components in our communications and collaboration suite, as well as a staff of expert engineering and customer support personnel capable of addressing the full range of installation and deployment issues of larger customers that can arise with a comprehensive suite of services like ours. Also, we have only limited experience in developing and managing sales channels and distribution arrangements for larger businesses. If we fail to effectively execute our strategy to target mid-market

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and larger distributed enterprises, our results of operations and our overall ability to grow our customer base could be materially and adversely affected.

The business of cloud software solutions is competitive, and we expect it to become increasingly competitive in the future. We may also face competition from large Internet companies, any of which might launch its own cloud-based business communications services or acquire other cloud-based business communications companies in the future.

In connection with our cloud software communication services, we face competition from providers of cloud communication and contact center software services, such as RingCentral, Fuze, inContact, Five9, and Interactive Intelligence.   In addition, because most of our target customers are already purchasing communications services from incumbent telephone companies reselling legacy communication equipment, our success is dependent upon our ability to attract these customers away from their existing providers. These competitors include AT&T, CenturyLink, Comcast and Verizon Communications in conjunction with on-premises hardware solutions from companies like Avaya, Cisco and Mitel.   We also face competition from communications and collaboration vendors such as Cisco, Google, and Microsoft Corporation.  Cisco and Microsoft, in particular, have recently signalled publicly their intent to begin competing more aggressively in the cloud communications market.

Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources and brand awareness, and a larger base of customers than we have. As a result, these competitors may have greater credibility with our existing and potential customers. They also may be able to adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we can to ours. Our competitors may also offer bundled service arrangements that offer a more complete or better integrated product to customers. Competition could decrease our prices, reduce our sales, lower our gross profits or decrease our market share. In addition, many of our customers are not subject to long-term contractual commitments to purchase our services and can terminate our service and switch to competitors' offerings on short notice.

Given the significant price competition in the markets for our services, we are at a significant disadvantage compared with many of our competitors, especially those with substantially greater resources who may be better able to withstand an extended period of downward pricing pressure. The adverse impact of a shortfall in our revenues may be magnified by our inability to adjust our expenses to compensate for such shortfall. Announcements, or expectations, as to the introduction of new products and technologies by our competitors or us could cause customers to defer purchases of our existing products, which also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

As a subscription-based business, we recognize revenue over the term of each of our contracts, which generally range from one to three years. As a result, much of the revenue we report each quarter results from contracts entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a shortfall in demand for our cloud software solutions or a decline in new or renewed contracts in any one quarter may not significantly reduce our revenue for that quarter but could negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in new sales or cancellations of our services and subscriptions from new customers or for additional services from existing customers will impact our ongoing monthly recurring revenue but will not be reflected fully in our operating results until future periods. Our revenue recognition model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new customers must be recognized over the applicable term of the contracts.

We recorded an operating loss of $7.1 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 and ended the period with an accumulated deficit of $109.9 million. Although we have achieved operating income in four of our five most recent fiscal years, we incurred substantial operating losses prior to that and may incur operating losses in the future, which may be substantial. As we expand our geographic reach and service offerings, and further invest in research and development, sales and marketing, and regulatory compliance, we will need to increase revenues in order to generate sustainable operating profit. Given our history of fluctuating revenues and operating losses, we cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve or maintain operating profitability on an annual basis or on a quarterly basis in the future.

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A higher rate of customer cancellations would negatively affect our business by reducing our revenue or requiring us to spend more money to grow our customer base.

Our customers generally do not have long-term contracts with us and may discontinue their subscriptions for our services after the expiration of their subscription period, which typically range from one to three years. In addition, our customers may renew for lower subscription amounts or for shorter contract lengths. We may not accurately predict cancellation rates for our customers. Our cancellation rates may increase or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customer usage, pricing changes, number of applications used by our customers, customer satisfaction with our service, the acquisition of our customers by other companies and deteriorating general economic conditions. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our service or decrease the amount they spend with us, our revenue will decline and our business will suffer.

Our average monthly business service revenue churn was 0.8% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 compared with 0.7% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015. Our method of computing this revenue churn rate may be different from methods used by our competitors and other companies in our industry to compute their publicly disclosed churn rates. As a result, only limited reliance can be placed on our churn rate when attempting to compare it to that of other companies. Also, our churn rate can vary based on events that may not be indicative of actual trends in our business. Our churn rate could increase in the future if customers are not satisfied with our service. Other factors, including increased competition from other providers of communications and collaborations services, alternative technologies, and adverse business conditions also influence our churn rate.

Because of churn, we must acquire new customers on an ongoing basis to maintain our existing level of customers and revenues. As a result, marketing expenditures are an ongoing requirement of our business. If our churn rate increases, we will have to acquire even more new customers in order to maintain our existing revenues. We incur significant costs to acquire new customers, and those costs are an important factor in determining our net profitability. Therefore, if we are unsuccessful in retaining customers or are required to spend significant amounts to acquire new customers beyond those budgeted, our revenue could decrease and our net loss could increase.

Although the majority of our billing arrangements with customers are prepaid, we regularly monitor the percentage of customers who cease to pay for our services due to closing or downsizing their business. We believe that between 25% and 50% of our total customer churn is related to customers' financial condition. We cannot be certain that we will improve churn rates given current economic conditions. Due to the length of our sales cycle, especially in adding new mid-market and larger distributed enterprises as customers, we may experience delays in acquiring new customers to replace those that have terminated our services. Such delays would be exacerbated if general economic conditions worsen. An increase in churn, particularly in challenging economic times, could have a negative impact on the results of our operations.

The majority of our existing and target customers are in the SMB and mid-market business sectors. These businesses may be more likely to be significantly affected by economic downturns than larger, more established businesses. They also may be more likely to require working capital financing from local and regional banks whose lending activities have been reduced substantially since 2008, as a result of which many of our existing and target customers may lack the funds necessary to add new equipment and services such as ours. Additionally, these customers often have limited discretionary funds which they may choose to spend on items other than our products and services. If small and medium businesses continue to experience economic hardship, this could negatively affect the overall demand for our products and services, delay and lengthen sales cycles and lead to slower growth or even a decline in our revenue, net income and cash flows.

We operate in an emerging market that is characterized by rapid changes in customer requirements, frequent introductions of new and enhanced products, and continuing and rapid technological advancement. To compete successfully in this emerging market, we must continue to design, develop, manufacture, and sell new and enhanced cloud software solutions products and services that provide higher levels of performance and reliability at lower cost. If we are unable to develop new services that address our customers' needs, to deliver our applications in one seamless integrated product offering that addresses our customers' needs, or to enhance and improve our services in a timely manner, we may not be able to achieve or maintain adequate market acceptance of our services. Our ability to grow is also subject to the risk of future disruptive technologies. Access and use of our services is provided via the cloud, which, itself, has been disruptive to the previous premise-based model.

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If new technologies emerge that are able to deliver communications and collaboration services at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently or more securely, such technologies could adversely impact our ability to compete.

Maintaining adequate research and development personnel and resources is essential to new product development and continued innovation, and we intend to increase our investment in research and development activities to add new features and services to our offerings. If we are unable to develop new features and services internally due to certain constraints, such as competitive labor markets, high employee turnover, lack of management ability or a lack of other research and development resources, we may miss market opportunities. Further, many of our competitors expend a considerably greater amount of funds on their research and development programs, and those that do not may be acquired by larger companies that would allocate greater resources to our competitors' research and development programs. In addition, there is no guarantee that our research and development efforts will succeed, or that our new products and services will enable us to maintain or grow our revenue or recover our development costs. Our failure to maintain adequate research and development resources, to compete effectively with the research and development programs of our competitors and to successfully monetize our research and development efforts could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

As usage of our cloud software solutions by mid-market and larger distributed enterprises expands and as customers continue to integrate our services across their enterprises, we are required to devote additional resources to improving our application architecture, integrating our products and applications across our technology platform, integrating with third-party systems, and maintaining infrastructure performance. As our customers gain more experience with our services, the number of users and transactions managed by our services, the amount of data transferred, processed and stored by us, the number of locations where our service is being accessed, and the volume of communications managed by our services have in some cases, and may in the future, expand rapidly. In addition, we will need to appropriately scale our internal business systems and our services organization, including customer support and services, to serve our growing customer base. Any failure of or delay in these efforts could cause impaired system performance and reduced customer satisfaction. These issues could reduce the attractiveness of our cloud software solutions to customers, resulting in decreased sales to new customers, lower renewal rates by existing customers, the issuance of service credits, or requested refunds, which could hurt our revenue growth and our reputation. These system upgrades and the expansion of our support and services have been and will continue to be expensive and complex, requiring management time and attention and increasing our operating expenses. We could also face inefficiencies or operational failures as a result of our efforts to scale our infrastructure. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with upgrading, improving and expanding our information technology systems. We cannot be sure that the expansion and improvements to our infrastructure and systems will be fully or effectively implemented on a timely basis, if at all. These efforts may reduce revenue and our margins and adversely impact our financial results.

We currently use the infrastructure of third-party network service providers, including the services of Equinix, Inc., and Level 3 Communications, Inc., to provide all of our cloud services over their networks rather than deploying our own networks.

We also rely on third-party network service providers to originate and terminate substantially all of the PTSN calls using our cloud-based services. We leverage the infrastructure of third party network service providers to provide telephone numbers, PSTN call termination and origination services, and local number portability for our customers rather than deploying our own network throughout the United States. This decision has resulted in lower capital and operating costs for our business in the short-term, but has reduced our operating flexibility and ability to make timely service changes. If any of these network service providers cease operations or otherwise terminate the services that we depend on, the delay in switching our technology to another network service provider, if available, and qualifying this new service provider could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. The rates we pay to our network service providers may also increase, which may reduce our profitability and increase the retail price of our service.

While we believe that relations with our current service providers are good, and we have contracts in place, there can be no assurance that these service providers will be able or willing to supply cost-effective services to us in the future or that we will be successful in signing up alternative or additional providers. Although we believe that we could replace our current providers, if necessary, our ability to provide service to our subscribers could be impacted during any such transition, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The loss of access to, or requirement to change, the telephone numbers we provide to our customers also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

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Due to our reliance on these service providers, when problems occur in a network, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. The occurrence of hardware and software errors, whether caused by our service or products or those of another vendor, may result in the delay or loss of market acceptance of our products and any necessary revisions may force us to incur significant expenses. The occurrence of some of these types of problems may seriously harm our business, financial condition or operating results.

Our leased network and data centers are subject to various points of failure. Problems with cooling equipment, generators, uninterruptible power supply, routers, switches, or other equipment, whether or not within our control, could result in service interruptions for our customers as well as equipment damage. Because our services do not require geographic proximity of our data centers to our customers, our infrastructure is consolidated into a few large data center facilities. Any failure or downtime in one of our data center facilities could affect a significant percentage of our customers. The total destruction or severe impairment of any of our data center facilities could result in significant downtime of our services and the loss of customer data. Because our ability to attract and retain customers depends on our ability to provide customers with highly reliable service, even minor interruptions in our service could harm our reputation. Additionally, in connection with the expansion or consolidation of our existing data center facilities from time to time, there is an increased risk that service interruptions may occur as a result of server relocation or other unforeseen construction-related issues.

We have experienced interruptions in service in the past. While we have not experienced a material increase in customer attrition following these events, the harm to our reputation is difficult to assess. We have taken and continue to take steps to improve our infrastructure to prevent service interruptions, including upgrading our electrical and mechanical infrastructure. However, service interruptions continue to be a significant risk for us and could materially impact our business.

Any future service interruptions could:

• cause our customers to seek service credits, or damages for losses incurred;
• require us to replace existing equipment or add redundant facilities;
• affect our reputation as a reliable provider of hosting services;
• cause existing customers to cancel or elect to not renew their contracts; or
• make it more difficult for us to attract new customers.

Any of these events could materially increase our expenses or reduce our revenue, which would have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

We may also be required to transfer our servers to new data center facilities in the event that we are unable to renew our leases on acceptable terms, or at all, or the owners of the facilities decide to close their facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so. In addition, any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy or foreclosure, faced by our third-party data center operators, or any of the service providers with which we or they contract, may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. Additionally, if our data centers are unable to keep up with our increasing needs for capacity, our ability to grow our business could be materially and adversely impacted.

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Failure of our information technology systems to function properly could result in significant business disruption.

We rely on IT systems to manage numerous functions of our internal operations.  Our third party ERP software is not operating on the vendor's most updated version of the software.  Furthermore, we have internally developed IT systems that are not integrated with our ERP system.  These IT systems require specialized knowledge for which we have to train new personnel, and if we were to experience an unusual increase in attrition of our IT personnel, we may not be adequately equipped to respond to an IT system failure.  Although we have never experienced significant disruption of our IT systems based on the current infrastructure, any failure of our IT systems could result in a significant business disruption.

We are in the process of transitioning to a new ERP software provider, and we face risks relating to this transition. For example, we may incur greater costs than we anticipate to train our personnel on the new system; we may experience more errors in our records during the transition; and we may be delayed in meeting our various reporting obligations. To the extent any of these risks or events impact our customer service, we may experience an increase in customer attrition, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

We offer some of our customers an "end-to-end" service level agreement (SLA) with commitments as to levels of service availability and voice quality for calls transmitted over the public Internet that are among the most stringent in our industry. These SLAs typically provides a commitment of at least 99.99% uptime and a mean opinion score of at least 3.0 for at least 98% of all calls carried over the network.  All of our SLAs further require rapid response times in order to resolve issues.  We may incur significant network support and maintenance costs in order to meet these commitments.

We have in the past and may in the future experience network failures, software bugs or other problems that interrupt service or impair call quality.  If these problems are severe enough in duration or frequency, we may not satisfy our service level commitments under our SLAs, as a result of which our customers could be entitled to credits against future amounts due under contract, early termination rights or other remedies against us.  If a sufficient number of customers exercise these remedies, the resulting reduction in revenue could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We rely on third-party vendors for IP phones and software endpoints required to utilize our service. We currently do not have long-term supply contracts with any of these vendors. As a result, most of these third-party vendors are not obligated to provide products or services to us for any specific period, in any specific quantities or at any specific price, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order. The inability of these third-party vendors to deliver IP phones of acceptable quality and in a timely manner, particularly the sole source vendors, could adversely affect our operating results or cause them to fluctuate more than anticipated. Additionally, some of our products may require specialized or high-performance component parts that may not be available in quantities or in time frames that meet our requirements.

We currently purchase most of our IP phones from Polycom. On April 15, 2016, Polycom announced that it had entered into a definitive merger agreement with Mitel pursuant to which Mitel would acquire control over Polycom. Because Mitel is a competitor of ours, its acquisition of Polycom would pose a number of risks to our business if we continue to purchase IP phones from Polycom, including risks relating to our sharing of confidential information around potential sales opportunities.

Our services also allow our customers to use and manage our cloud software solutions on smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices. As new smart devices and operating systems are released, we may encounter difficulties supporting these devices and services, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support, and maintenance of our mobile applications. In addition, if we experience difficulties in the future integrating our mobile applications into smartphones, tablets or other mobile devices or if problems arise with our relationships with providers of mobile operating systems, such as those of Apple Inc. or Google Inc., our future growth and our results of operations could suffer.

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If our software fails due to defects or similar problems, and if we fail to correct any defect or other software problems, we could lose customers, become subject to service performance or warranty claims or incur significant costs.

Our customers use our service to manage important aspects of their businesses, and any errors, defects, disruptions to our service or other performance problems with our service could hurt our reputation and may damage our customers' businesses. Our services and the systems infrastructure underlying our cloud communications platform incorporate software that is highly technical and complex. Our software has contained, and may now or in the future contain, undetected errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Some errors in our software code may only be discovered after the code has been released. Any errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities discovered in our code after release could result in damage to our reputation, loss of users, loss of revenue, or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results. We implement bug fixes and upgrades as part of our regularly scheduled system maintenance, which may lead to system downtime. Even if we are able to implement the bug fixes and upgrades in a timely manner, any history of defects, or the loss, damage or inadvertent release of confidential customer data, could cause our reputation to be harmed, and customers may elect not to purchase or renew their agreements with us and subject us to service performance credits, warranty claims or increased insurance costs. The costs associated with any material defects or errors in our software or other performance problems may be substantial and could materially adversely affect our operating results.

Our technology platform incorporates software licensed from third parties, including some software, known as open source software, which we use without charge. Although we monitor our use of open source software, the terms of many open source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide our platform to our customers, content creators and brand advertisers. In the future, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our platform, which licenses may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Alternatively, we may need to re-engineer our platform or discontinue use of portions of the functionality provided by our platform. In addition, the terms of open source software licenses may require us to provide software that we develop using such software to others on unfavorable license terms. Our inability to use third party software could result in disruptions to our business, or delays in the development of future offerings or enhancements of existing offerings, which could impair our business.

Our products and services depend on the ability of our users to access the Internet, and certain of our products require significant bandwidth to work effectively. In addition, users who access our services and applications through mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, must have a high-speed connection, such as Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G or LTE, to use our services and applications. Currently, this access is provided by companies that have significant and increasing market power in the broadband and Internet access marketplace, including incumbent telephone companies, cable companies and mobile communications companies. Some of these providers offer products and services that directly compete with our own offerings, which give them a significant competitive advantage. Some of these broadband providers have stated that they may exempt their own customers from data-caps or offer other preferred treatment their customers. Other providers have stated that they may take measures that could degrade, disrupt or increase the cost of user access to certain of our products by restricting or prohibiting the use of their infrastructure to support or facilitate our offerings, or by charging increased fees to us or our users to provide our offerings, while others, including some of the largest providers of broadband Internet access services, have committed to not engaging in such behavior. These providers have the ability generally to increase their rates, which may effectively increase the cost to our customers of using our cloud software solutions.

On March 12, 2015, the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, released an order that would prevent broadband Internet access providers from degrading or otherwise disrupting a broad range of services provisioned over consumers' and enterprises' broadband Internet access lines. A number of providers and trade organizations have appealed the FCC's order. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this rulemaking or predict whether the FCC's rules will be upheld on appeal.  Although we believe interference with access to our products and services is unlikely, broadband Internet access provider interference has occurred in limited circumstances in the United States and could result in a loss of existing users and increased costs, and could impair our ability to attract new users, thereby negatively impacting our revenue and growth.

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Vulnerabilities to security breaches, cyber intrusions and other malicious acts could adversely impact our business.

Our operations depend on our ability to protect our network from interruption by damage from unauthorized entry, computer viruses or other events beyond our control. In the past, we may have been subject to denial or disruption of service, or DDOS, attacks by individuals intent on bringing down our services, and we may be subject to DDOS attacks in the future. We cannot assure you that our backup systems, regular data backups, security protocols, DDOS mitigation and other procedures that are currently in place, or that may be in place in the future, will be adequate to prevent significant damage, system failure or data loss.

Critical to our provision of service is the storage, processing, and transmission of confidential and sensitive data. We store, process and transmit a wide variety of confidential and sensitive information including credit card, bank account and other financial information, proprietary, trade secret or other data that may be protected by intellectual property laws, customers' and employees' personally identifiable information, as well as other sensitive information. We, along with others in the industry, will be subject to cyber threats and security breaches, either by third parties or employees, given the nature of the information we store, process and transmit. Our continued ability to securely store, process and transmit data is essential to our business.

We have implemented a number of measures to protect our services from cyber-attacks, and the various risks associated with cyber threats. For example, we have redundant servers that are intended to provide continuity of service in the event we suffer equipment or software failures in one location or on one set of servers. We actively monitor our network for cyber threats and implement protective measures periodically. We conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing and engage in remedial action based on such assessments. Depending on the evolving nature of cyber threats and the measures we may have to implement to continue to maintain the security of our networks and data, our profitability may be adversely impacted or we may have to increase the price of our services which may make our offerings less competitive with other communications providers.

There is no guarantee that we will not be adversely impacted by cyber-attacks. If our employees or third parties obtain unauthorized access to our network, or if our network is penetrated, our service could be disrupted and sensitive information could be lost, stolen or disclosed which could have a variety of negative impacts, including legal liability, investigations by law enforcement and regulatory agencies, and exposure to fines or penalties, any of which could harm our business reputation and have a material negative impact on our business. In addition, to the extent we market our services as compliant with particular laws governing data privacy and security, such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a security breach that exposes protected information may make us susceptible to claims of false advertising and unfair trade practices for misrepresenting our level of compliance, in addition to any liability we may have for the breach itself.

Many governments have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security incidents involving certain types of personal data. In addition, some of our customers contractually require notification of any data security compromise. Security compromises experienced by our competitors, by our customers or by us may lead to public disclosures, which may lead to widespread negative publicity. Any security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, could harm our reputation, erode customer confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively impact our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect not to renew their subscriptions or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our customers are increasingly asking us to assume liability for security breaches in excess of the amount of revenue we receive from them. In addition, there can be no assurance that any limitations of liability provisions in our contracts for a security breach would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. We also cannot be sure that our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

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Failure to comply with laws and contractual obligations related to data privacy and protection could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We are subject to the data privacy and protection laws and regulations adopted by federal, state and foreign governmental agencies. Data privacy and protection is highly regulated and may become the subject of additional regulation in the future. For example, lawmakers and regulators worldwide are considering proposals that would require companies, like us, that encrypt users' data to ensure access to such data by law enforcement authorities. Privacy laws restrict our storage, use, processing, disclosure, transfer and protection of personal information, including credit card data, provided to us by our customers as well as data we collect from our customers and employees. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, regulations, policies and legal obligations relating to privacy and data protection. However, it is possible that these requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Should this occur, we may be subject to fines, penalties and lawsuits, and our reputation may suffer. We may also be required to make modifications to our data practices that could have an adverse impact on our business.

Governmental entities, class action lawyers and privacy advocates are increasingly examining companies' data collection, processing, use, storing, sharing and transmitting or personal data and data linkable to individuals. Self-regulatory codes of conduct, enforcement actions by regulatory agencies, and lawsuits by private parties impose additional compliance costs on us negative impacting our profitability as well as subject us to unknown potential liabilities. These evolving laws, rules and practices may also curtail our current business activities which may also result in slimmer profit margins and reduce new opportunities.

We are also subject to the privacy and data protection-related obligations in our contracts with our customers and other third parties. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with federal, state, or international laws, including laws and regulations regulating privacy, data or consumer protection, or to comply with our contractual obligations related to privacy, could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities, contractual parties or others, which could result in significant liability to us as well as harm to our reputation. Additionally, third parties on which we rely enter into contracts to protect and safeguard our customers' data. Should such parties violate these agreements or suffer a breach, we could be subject to proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities, contractual parties or others, which could result in significant liability to us as well as harm to our reputation.

There is considerable uncertainty with respect to the state of law governing data transfers between the European Union ("EU"), and other countries with similar data protection laws, and the U.S. A preliminary agreement has been entered into by representatives from the U.S. and EU but it remains unclear what the final resolution will be for cross-border data transfers of personal information. For certain data transfers between the EU and the U.S., our company, like many others, takes advantage of what is referred to as the "EU-U.S. Safe Harbor," in order to comply with privacy obligations imposed by EU-member countries. In late 2015, the European Court of Justice invalidated the EU-U.S. Safe Harbor. Some individual data protection regulators located in EU countries threatened to begin enforcement actions. Additionally, other countries that relied on the EU-U.S. Safe Harbor that are not part of the EU have also found that data transfers to the U.S. are no longer valid based on the European Court of Justice ruling. We have been working to establish alternative methods that would allow us to continue to transfer data to the U.S. from all countries that have invalidated pre-existing safe harbors. Some independent data regulators have adopted the position that other forms of compliance are also invalid though the legal grounds for these findings remains unclear at this time. Like many other companies, we continue to face uncertainty both with respect to the measures we have implemented following the ruling of the European Court of Justice and the ultimate resolution of the laws governing cross-border data transfers. We cannot predict how or if this issue will be resolved nor can we evaluate our potential liability at this time.

A fundamental requirement for operating an Internet-based, worldwide cloud software solutions and electronically billing our customers is the secure transmission of confidential information and media over public networks. Although we have developed systems and processes that are designed to protect consumer information and prevent fraudulent credit card transactions and other security breaches, failure to mitigate such fraud or breaches may adversely affect our operating results. The law relating to the liability of providers of online payment services is currently unsettled and states may enact their own rules with which we may not comply. We rely on third party providers to process and guarantee payments made by our subscribers up to certain limits, and we may be unable to prevent our customers from fraudulently receiving goods and services. Our liability risk will increase if a larger fraction of transactions effected using our cloud-based services involve fraudulent or disputed credit card transactions.

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Any costs we incur as a result of fraudulent or disputed transactions could harm our business. In addition, the functionality of our current billing system relies on certain third party vendors delivering services. If these vendors are unable or unwilling to provide services, we will not be able to charge for our services in a timely or scalable fashion, which could significantly decrease our revenue and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We must maintain Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI DSS, compliance to bill our customers via credit card. If we fail to meet minimum-security standards for PCI DSS compliance, credit card providers such as American Express Company or Visa Inc. could refuse to process credit card transactions on our behalf and our ability to collect payments from our customers would be adversely impacted.

We may also experience losses due to subscriber fraud and theft of service. Subscribers have, in the past, obtained access to our service without paying for monthly service and international toll calls by unlawfully using our authorization codes or by submitting fraudulent credit card information. To date, such losses from unauthorized credit card transactions and theft of service have not been significant. We have implemented anti-fraud procedures in order to control losses relating to these practices, but these procedures may not be adequate to effectively limit all of our exposure in the future from fraud. If our procedures are not effective, consumer fraud and theft of service could significantly decrease our revenue and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, software and security flaws in our software can result in unauthorized access to our core network resulting in damages such as fraudulent toll usage on our network.

Additionally, third parties have attempted in the past, and may attempt in the future, to fraudulently induce domestic and international employees, consultants or customers into disclosing sensitive information, such as user names, passwords or customer proprietary network information, or CPNI, or other information in order to gain access to our customers' data or to our data. CPNI includes information such as the phone numbers called by a consumer, the frequency, duration, and timing of such calls, and any services/features purchased by the consumer, such as call waiting, call forwarding, and caller ID, in addition to other information that may appear on a consumer's bill.

Our "cloud-based" services rely on uninterrupted connection to the Internet through data centers and networks. Any interruption or disruption to our network, or the third parties on which we rely, could adversely impact our ability to provide service. Our network could be disrupted by circumstances outside of our control including natural disasters, acts of war, terrorist attacks or other malicious acts including, but not limited to, cyber-attacks. Our headquarters, global networks operations center and one of our third-party data center facilities are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. Should any of these events occur and interfere with our ability to operate our network even for a limited period of time, we could incur significant expenses, lose substantial amounts of revenue, suffer damage to our reputation, and lose customers. Such an event may also impede our customers' connections to our network, since these connections also occur over the Internet, and would be perceived by our customers as an interruption of our services, even though such interruption would be beyond our control. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on our business.

We rely upon certain technology, including hardware and software, licensed from third parties. There can be no assurance that the technology licensed by us will continue to provide competitive features and functionality or that licenses for technology currently utilized by us or other technology which we may seek to license in the future, will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The loss of, or inability to maintain, existing licenses could result in delays or reductions in the installation and deployment of our cloud software solutions until equivalent technology or suitable alternative products could be developed, identified, licensed and integrated, and could harm our business. Software defects in the core IP and networking hardware we license from vendors, over which we have little or no control, can adversely affect our ability to deliver services to our customers and could harm our business.

There has been substantial litigation in the communications, cloud communication services, semiconductor, electronics, and related industries regarding intellectual property rights and, from time to time, third parties may claim that we, our customers, our licensees or parties' indemnified by us are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights. Third parties may also claim that our employees have misappropriated or divulged their former employers' trade secrets or confidential information. Our broad range of current and former technology, including IP telephony systems, digital and

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analog circuits, software, and semiconductors, increases the likelihood that third parties may claim infringement by us of their intellectual property rights. For example, on May 2, 2008, we received a letter from AT&T Intellectual Property, L.L.C., or AT&T IP, expressing the belief that we must license a specified patent for use in our 8x8 broadband telephone service, as well as suggesting that we obtain a license to its portfolio of MPEG-4 patents for use with our video telephone products and services. At the same time, we began an evaluation of whether AT&T IP's affiliated entities may need to license any of our patents or other intellectual property. We have continued to engage in discussions with AT&T IP to explore a mutually agreeable resolution of the parties' respective assertions regarding these intellectual property issues. We are unable at this time to state whether we will enter into any license or cross-license agreements with AT&T IP or whether we ultimately anticipate any material effects on our operating results or financial condition as a consequence of these matters.

Certain technology necessary for us to provide our services may, in fact, be patented by other parties either now or in the future. If such technology were held under patent by another person, we would have to negotiate a license for the use of that technology, which we may not be able to negotiate at a price that is acceptable or at all. The existence of such a patent, or our inability to negotiate a license for any such technology on acceptable terms, could force us to cease using such technology and offering products and services incorporating such technology.

We have recently been named as defendants in two patent infringement lawsuits. On February 22, 2011, we were named a defendant in a lawsuit, Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. 8x8, Inc. et al., along with 20 other defendants. On November 25, 2015, we were named a defendant in the suit alleging infringement of a patent which expired in 2012. This suit is 2-Way Computing, Inc. (2-Way) v. 8x8, Inc. Each of these actions is described in more detail under Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings". If we are found to be infringing on the intellectual property rights of any third party in these lawsuits or other claims and proceedings that may be asserted against us in the future, we could be subject to monetary liabilities for such infringement, which could be material. We could also be required to refrain from using, manufacturing or selling certain products or using certain processes, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. From time to time, we have received, and may continue to receive in the future, notices of claims of infringement, misappropriation or misuse of other parties' proprietary rights. There can be no assurance that we will prevail in these discussions and actions or that other actions alleging infringement by us of third party patents will not be asserted or prosecuted against us. Furthermore, lawsuits like these may require significant time and expense to defend, may divert management's attention away from other aspects of our operations and, upon resolution, may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We rely, in part, on trademark, copyright, and trade secret law to protect our intellectual property in the United States and abroad. We seek to protect our software, documentation, and other written materials under trade secret and copyright law, which afford only limited protection. We have additional United States and foreign patent applications pending. We cannot predict whether such pending patent applications will result in issued patents, and if they do, whether such patents will effectively protect our intellectual property. The intellectual property rights we obtain may not be sufficient to provide us with a competitive advantage, and could be challenged, invalidated, infringed or misappropriated. We may not be able to protect our proprietary rights in the United States or internationally (where effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable or limited), and competitors may independently develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technology, duplicate our technology or design around any patent of ours.

We attempt to further protect our proprietary technology and content by requiring our employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality and assignment of inventions agreements and third parties to enter into nondisclosure agreements. These agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property or technology and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property or technology.

Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of our proprietary rights or the rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management time and resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. Any settlement or adverse determination in such litigation would also subject us to significant liability.

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We also may be required to protect our proprietary technology and content in an increasing number of jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and may not be successful, or which we may not pursue in every location. In addition, effective intellectual property protection may not be available to us in every country, and the laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States. Additional uncertainty may result from changes to intellectual property legislation enacted in the United States and elsewhere, and from interpretations of intellectual property laws by applicable courts and agencies. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to obtain and maintain the intellectual property rights necessary to provide us with a competitive advantage.

An important component of our growth strategy involves the further expansion of our operations and customer base internationally. We have formed several subsidiaries outside the United States, including a Romanian subsidiary that contributes significantly to our research and development efforts. We have also acquired two UK-based companies - DXI in May 2015 and Voicenet in November 2013. The risks and challenges associated with sales and other operations outside North America are different in some ways from those associated with our operations in North America, and we have a limited history addressing those risks and meeting those challenges. Our current international operations and future initiatives will involve a variety of risks, including:

• localization of our services, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;
• unexpected changes in a specific country or region's regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws, or political or economic conditions;
• more stringent regulations relating to data security and the unauthorized use of, or access to, commercial and personal information, particularly in the European Union;
• differing labor regulations, especially in the European Union, where labor laws are generally more advantageous to employees as compared to the United States, including deemed hourly wage and overtime regulations in these locations;
• challenges inherent in efficiently managing an increased number of employees over large geographic distances, including the need to implement appropriate systems, policies, benefits and compliance programs;
• difficulties in managing a business in new markets with diverse cultures, languages, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems and regulatory systems;
• increased travel, real estate, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with international operations;
• different pricing environments, longer sales cycles, longer accounts receivable payment cycles and other collection difficulties;
• currency exchange rate fluctuations and the resulting effect on our revenue and expenses, and the cost and risk of entering into hedging transactions if we chose to do so in the future;
• limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations in one country to fund the capital needs of our operations in other countries;
• laws and business practices favoring local competitors or general preferences for local vendors;
• limited or insufficient intellectual property protection;
• political instability or terrorist activities;
• exposure to liabilities under anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions; and
• adverse tax burdens and foreign exchange controls that could make it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash.

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We have limited experience in operating our business internationally, which increases the risk that any potential future expansion efforts that we may undertake will not be successful. We expect to invest substantial time and resources to expand our international operations. If we are unable to do this successfully and in a timely manner, our business and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

We completed two acquisitions in fiscal 2016, DXI Limited, API Telecom Limited, Easycallnow Limited and RAS Telecom Limited (collectively, "DXI") and Quality Software Corporation ("QSC") on May 29, 2015 and June 3, 2015, respectively. On November 29, 2013, we acquired Voicenet Solutions Limited ("Voicenet"), a UK-based provider of cloud communication services in the United Kingdom. In fiscal 2012, we completed two acquisitions of businesses. In fiscal 2011, we completed one acquisition and one investment in another company. If appropriate opportunities present themselves, we may make additional acquisitions or investments or enter into joint ventures or strategic alliances with other companies. Risks commonly encountered in such transactions include:

• the difficulty of assimilating the operations and personnel of the combined companies;
• the risk that we may not be able to integrate the acquired services or technologies with our current services, products, and technologies;
• the potential disruption of our ongoing business;
• the diversion of management attention from our existing business;
• the inability of management to maximize our financial and strategic position through the successful integration of the acquired businesses;
• difficulty in maintaining controls, procedures, and policies;
• the impairment of relationships with employees, suppliers, and customers as a result of any integration;
• the loss of an acquired base of customers and accompanying revenue;
• the loss of an acquired base of customers and accompanying revenue while trying to transition the customer from the legacy systems to 8x8's technology due to mismatch of the features, usability, packaging, or pricing at the renewal times;
• the loss of an acquired base of customers and accompanying revenue due to failure and/or lack of maintenance/support for the legacy services and/or equipment/software/services being end of life;
• litigation arising from or relating to the transaction;
• the assumption of leased facilities, other long-term commitments or liabilities that could have a material adverse impact on our profitability and cash flow; and
• the dilution to our existing stockholders from the issuance of additional shares of common stock or reduction of earnings per outstanding share in connection with an acquisition that fails to increase the value of our company.

As a result of these potential problems and risks, among others, businesses that we may acquire or invest in may not produce the revenue, earnings, or business synergies that we anticipate. In addition, there can be no assurance that any potential transaction will be successfully completed or that, if completed, the acquired business or investment will generate sufficient revenue to offset the associated costs or other potential harmful effects on our business.

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Our future operating results may vary substantially from period to period and may be difficult to predict.

Our historical operating results have fluctuated significantly and will likely continue to fluctuate in the future, and a decline in our operating results could cause our stock price to fall. On an annual and a quarterly basis, there are a number of factors that may affect our operating results, many of which are outside our control. These include, but are not limited to:

• changes in market demand;
• the timing of customer subscriptions for our cloud software solutions;
• customer cancellations;
• changes in the competitive dynamics of our market, including consolidation among competitors or customers;
• lengthy sales cycles and/or regulatory approval cycles;
• new product introductions by us or our competitors;
• extent of market acceptance of new or existing services and features;
• the mix of our customer base and sales channels;
• the mix of services sold;
• the number of additional customers, on a net basis;
• the amount and timing of costs associated with recruiting, training and integrating new employees;
• unforeseen costs and expenses related to the expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure;
• continued compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements;
• material security breaches or service interruptions due to cyberattacks or infrastructure failures or unavailability;
• introduction and adoption of our cloud software solutions in markets outside of the United States; and
• general economic conditions.

Due to these and other factors, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as indicators of our future performance. It is possible that in some future periods our results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this were to occur, the price of our common stock would likely decline significantly.

In addition to reliability and quality standards, the market acceptance of telephony over broadband IP networks is dependent upon the adoption of industry standards so that products from multiple manufacturers are able to communicate with each other. Our cloud-based communications and collaboration services rely heavily on communication standards such as SIP, MGCP and network standards such as TCP/IP and UDP to interoperate with other vendors' equipment. There is currently a lack of agreement among industry leaders about which standard should be used for a particular application, and about the definition of the standards themselves. These standards, as well as audio and video compression standards, continue to evolve. We also must comply with certain rules and regulations of the FCC regarding electromagnetic radiation and safety standards established by Underwriters Laboratories, as well as similar regulations and standards applicable in other countries. Standards are frequently modified or replaced. As standards evolve, we may be required to modify our existing products or develop and support new versions of our products. We must comply with certain federal, state and local requirements regarding how we interact with our customers, including marketing practices, consumer protection, privacy, and billing issues, the provision of 9-1-1 emergency service and the quality of service we provide to our customers. The failure of our products and services to comply, or delays in compliance, with various existing and evolving standards could delay or interrupt volume production of our communications and collaboration services, subject us to fines or other imposed penalties, or harm the perception and adoption rates of our service, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

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For example:

• The FCC has adopted network neutrality rules. In March, 2015, the FCC adopted new network neutrality rules that would prevent Internet service providers from blocking, degrading and engaging in other practices that would impair or otherwise interfere with services like ours. Several parties appealed the FCC's network neutrality order. We cannot predict the outcome of the appeal but interference with our service or higher charges for using our service could cause us to lose existing customers, impair our ability to attract new customers, and harm our revenue and growth. These problems could also arise in international markets. Most foreign countries have not adopted formal net neutrality rules like those adopted by the FCC.
• Reform of federal and state Universal Service Fund programs could increase the cost of our service to our customers diminishing or eliminating our pricing advantage . The FCC and a number of states are considering reform or other modifications to Universal Service Fund programs. Should the FCC or certain states adopt new contribution mechanisms or otherwise modify contribution obligations that increase our contribution burden, we will either need to raise the amount we currently collect from our customers to cover this obligation or absorb the costs, which would reduce our profit margins. Furthermore, the FCC has ruled that states can require us to contribute to state Universal Service Fund programs. A number of states already require us to contribute, while others are actively considering extending their programs to include the services we provide. We currently pass-through Universal Service Fund contributions to our customers, which may result in our services becoming less competitive as compared to those provided by others.
• We may become subject to state regulation for certain service offerings . Certain states take the position that offerings by VoIP providers, like us, are intrastate and therefore subject to state regulation. These states argue that if the beginning and end points of communications are known, and if some of these communications occur entirely within the boundaries of a state, the state can regulate that offering. We believe that the FCC has preempted states from regulating VoIP services like ours in the same manner as providers of traditional telecommunications services. We cannot predict how this issue will be resolved or its impact on our business at this time.
• The FCC adopted rules concerning call completion rates to rural areas of the United States . It is possible that we, like other providers in the communications marketplace, may be subject to fines or other enforcement actions should the FCC determine that our call completion rates to rural areas are, or have been, unacceptable.
• The FCC may require providers like us to comply with regulations related to how we present bills to customers . The adoption of such obligations may require us to revise our bills and may increase our costs of providing service which could either result in price increases or reduce our profitability.
• There may be risk associated with our ability to comply with FCC rules concerning disabilities access requirements and the FCC may expand disabilities access requirements to additional services we offer . We cannot predict whether we will be subject to additional accessibility requirements or whether any of our service offerings that are not currently subject to disabilities access requirements will be subject to such obligations. It is possible that we, like other providers in the communications marketplace, may be subject to fines or other enforcement actions if we are found not to be in compliance with the FCC's accessibility requirements.
• There may be risks associated with our ability to comply with requirements of the Telecommunications Relay Service . The FCC requires providers of interconnected VoIP services to comply with certain regulations pertaining to people with disabilities and to contribute to the Telecommunications Relay Services fund. We are also required to offer 7-1-1 abbreviated dialing for access to relay services. It is possible that we, like other providers in the communications marketplace, may be subject to fines or other enforcement actions if we are found not to be in compliance with the FCC's 7-1-1 abbreviated dialing requirements.
• There may be risks associated with our ability to comply with the requirements of federal law enforcement agencies . The FCC requires all interconnected VoIP providers to comply with the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, or CALEA. The FCC allows VoIP providers to comply with CALEA through the use of a service provided by a trusted third party with the ability to extract call content and call-identifying information from a VoIP provider's network. Regardless of our reliance on a third party for compliance, it is possible that we, like other providers in the communications marketplace, may be subject to fines or other enforcement actions if we are found not to be in compliance with the FCC's 7-1-1 abbreviated dialing requirements.

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• The FCC may require us to deploy an E-911 service that automatically determines the location of our customers . On June 1, 2007, the FCC released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, or the VoIP E-911 order, in which it tentatively concluded that all interconnected VoIP providers that allow customers to use their service in more than one location (nomadic VoIP service providers, such as us), must utilize an automatic location technology that meets the same accuracy standards which apply to providers of commercial mobile radio services (mobile phone service providers). Since then, the FCC has been conducting proceedings and inquiries concerning the implementation of such a rule. The outcome of these proceedings cannot be determined at this time and we may or may not be able to comply with any such obligations that may be adopted. At present, we currently have no means to automatically identify the physical location of one of our customers on the Internet. We cannot guarantee that emergency calling service consistent with the VoIP E-911 order will be available to all of our customers, especially those accessing our services from outside of the United States. The FCC's current VoIP E-911 order or follow-on orders or clarifications or their impact on our customers due to service price increases or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
• The FCC adopted orders reforming the system of payments between regulated carriers that we partner with to interface with the public switch telephone network . The FCC reformed the system under which regulated providers of telecommunications services compensate each other for various types of traffic, including VoIP traffic that terminates on the PSTN and applied new call signaling requirements to VoIP providers and other service providers. The FCC's new rules require, among other things, interconnected VoIP providers, like us, that originate interstate or intrastate traffic destined for the PSTN, to transmit the telephone number associated with the calling party to the next provider in the call path. Intermediate providers must pass calling party number or charge number signaling information they receive from other providers unaltered, to subsequent providers in the call path. While we believe we are in compliance with this rule, to the extent that we pass traffic that does not have appropriate calling party number or charge number information, we could be subject to fines, cease and desist orders, or other penalties. The FCC's Order reforming payments between carriers for various types of traffic also includes a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Depending on the rules adopted by the FCC in this proceeding, the payments we make to underlying carriers to access the PSTN may increase, which may result in us increasing the retail price of our service, potentially making our offering less competitive with traditional providers of telecommunications services, or may reduce our profitability.

Both our emergency calling service and our E-911 calling service are different, in significant respects, from the emergency calling services offered by traditional wireline telephone companies. In each case, the differences may cause significant delays, or even failures, in callers' receipt of the emergency assistance they need.

The FCC may determine that our nomadic emergency calling service does not satisfy the requirements of its VoIP E-911 order because, in some instances, our nomadic emergency calling service requires that we route an emergency call to a national emergency call center instead of connecting our customers directly to a local public-safety answering point through a dedicated connection and through the appropriate selective router.

Delays our customers may encounter when making emergency services calls and any inability of the answering point to automatically recognize the caller's location or telephone number can result in life threatening consequences. Customers may, in the future, attempt to hold us responsible for any loss, damage, personal injury or death suffered as a result of any failure of our E-911 services. In July 2008, the President signed into law the New and Emerging Technologies 911 Improvement Act of 2008. The law provides public safety entities, interconnected VoIP providers and others involved in handling 911 calls the same liability protections when handling 911 calls from interconnected VoIP users as from mobile or wired telephone service users. The applicability of the liability protections to our national call center service is unclear at the present time. Also, we may be exposed to liability for 911 calls made prior to the adoption of this new law although we are unaware of any such liability.

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Alleged or actual failure of our solutions to comply with regulations governing outbound dialing, including regulations under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The legal and contractual environment surrounding calling consumers and wireless phone numbers is complex and evolving. In the United States, two federal agencies, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") and the FCC, and various states have enacted laws including, at the federal level, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, or TCPA, that restrict the placing of certain telephone calls and texts to residential and wireless telephone subscribers by means of automatic telephone dialing systems, prerecorded or artificial voice messages and fax machines. These laws require companies to institute processes and safeguards to comply with these restrictions. Some of these laws can be enforced by the FTC, FCC, State Attorneys General, or private party litigants. In these types of actions, the plaintiff may seek damages, statutory penalties, costs and/or attorneys' fees.

It is possible that the FTC, FCC, private litigants or others may attempt to hold our customers, or us as a software provider, responsible for alleged violations of these laws. In the event that litigation is brought, or fines are assessed, against us, we may not successfully enforce or collect upon any contractual indemnities we may have from our customers. Additionally, any changes to these laws or their interpretation that further restrict calling consumers, any adverse publicity regarding the alleged or actual failure by companies, including our customers and competitors, to comply with such laws, or any governmental or private enforcement actions related thereto, could result in the reduced use of our solution by our clients and potential clients, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We anticipate that these risks will increase as we begin to market and sell our EasyContactNow service (which is currently sold in the United Kingdom) in the United States.

Our data centers are susceptible to increased costs of power and to electrical power outages. Our customer contracts do not contain provisions that would allow us to pass on any increased costs of energy to our customers, which could affect our operating margins. Any increases in the price of our services to recoup these costs could not be implemented until the end of a customer contract term. Further, power requirements at our data centers are increasing as a result of the increasing power demands of today's servers. Increases in our power costs could impact our operating results and financial condition. Since we rely on third parties to provide our data centers with power sufficient to meet our needs, our data centers could have a limited or inadequate amount of electrical resources necessary to meet our customer requirements. We attempt to limit exposure to system downtime due to power outages by using backup generators and power supplies. However, these protections may not limit our exposure to power shortages or outages entirely. Any system downtime resulting from insufficient power resources or power outages could damage our reputation and lead us to lose current and potential customers, which would harm our operating results and financial condition.

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Decreasing telecommunications rates and increasing regulatory charges may diminish or eliminate our competitive pricing advantage versus legacy providers.

Decreasing telecommunications rates may diminish or eliminate the competitive pricing advantage of our services, while increased regulation and the imposition of additional regulatory funding obligations at the federal, state and local level could require us to either increase the retail price for our services, thus making us less competitive, or absorb such costs, thus decreasing our profit margins. International and domestic telecommunications rates have decreased significantly over the last few years in most of the markets in which we operate, and we anticipate these rates will continue to decline in all of the markets in which we do business or expect to do business. Users who select our services to take advantage of the current pricing differential between traditional telecommunications rates and our rates may switch to traditional telecommunications carriers if such pricing differentials diminish or disappear, however, and we will be unable to use such pricing differentials to attract new customers in the future. Continued rate decreases would require us to lower our rates to remain competitive and would reduce or possibly eliminate any gross profit from our services. In addition, we may lose subscribers for our services.

Certain provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage takeover attempts and lead to management entrenchment .

Our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors, including, among other things:

• no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;
• the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;
• the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

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• a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;
• the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by a majority vote of our Board of Directors or by stockholders holdings shares of our common stock representing in the aggregate a majority of votes then outstanding, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
• the ability of our board of directors, by majority vote, to amend our amended and restated bylaws, which may allow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent a hostile acquisition and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend our amended and restated bylaws to facilitate a hostile acquisition; and
• advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders' meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer's own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.
• We are also subject to certain anti-takeover provisions under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL. Under Section 203 of the DGCL, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or (i) our board of directors approves the transaction prior to the stockholder acquiring the 15% ownership position, (ii) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder acquiring the 15% ownership position, the stockholder owns at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock (excluding shares owned by directors or officers and shares owned by certain employee stock plans) or (iii) the transaction is approved by the board of directors and by the stockholders at an annual or special meeting by a vote of 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock (excluding shares held or controlled by the interested stockholder). These provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts.

None.

Our principal operations are located in San Jose, CA in two facilities that are approximately 140,831 square feet of leased office space. Outside the United States our operations are conducted primarily in leased sites located in the United Kingdom and Romania. We believe our facilities will adequately meet our current and foreseeable future needs. For additional information regarding our obligations under leases, see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

From time to time, we become involved in various legal claims and litigation that arise in the normal course of our operations. While the results of such claims and litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, we are not currently aware of any such matters that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On February 22, 2011, we were named a defendant in Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. (BCT) v. 8x8, Inc. et al., filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (the Court), along with 20 other defendants. Collectively this patent litigation is collectively referred to as in re BEAR CREEK TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (MDL No.: 2344). In August 2011, the suit was dismissed without prejudice and then was refiled against the Company before the same Court. On November 28, 2012, the USPTO initiated and has since maintained a Reexamination Proceeding in which the claims of a patent (asserted against us) were rejected as being invalid based on four separate grounds. In response to the USPTO invalidity rejections, we filed an informational pleading (on July 10, 2013) to join a motion to stay the proceeding in the District Court, which this motion was granted on July 17, 2013. On May 5, 2015, the Court administratively closed this case with leave to reopen if needed. The Reexamination Proceeding has been on appeal since September 15, 2014. A Decision on Appeal was issued on December 29, 2015, affirming the rejection of all claims. On February 26, 2016, the patent owner filed a Notice of Appeal with the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board, and on March 4, 2016, the Third-Party Requester (on behalf of Cisco Systems, Inc.) filed a Notice of Election to Participate in the Appeal.

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On November 25, 2015, we were named a defendant in the suit 2-Way Computing, Inc. (2-Way) v. 8x8, Inc., filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada (Case No. 2:15-cv-02228-GMN-CWH). 2-Way also concurrently sued five other defendants for infringing the same patent. In response to our Motion to Dismiss, 2-Way filed an Amended Complaint on April 6, 2016. The suit alleges infringement of a patent which expired in 2012. We have not yet responded to the Amended Complaint. We cannot estimate or comment on potential liability in this case at this early stage of the litigation, except to note that 2-Way cannot pursue an injunction due to the patent expiration and 2-Way's alleged damages are limited to a time frame beginning in about 2010 and ending with the patent's expiration in 2012.

On April 16, 2015, we were named as a defendant in a lawsuit, Slocumb Law Firm v. 8x8, Inc., filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama. The Slocumb Law Firm alleges that it purchased certain business services from the Company that did not perform as advertised or expected, and has asserted various causes of actions including fraud, breach of contract, violations of the Alabama Deceptive Trade Practices Act and negligence. On June 10, 2015, the United States Magistrate Judge issued a Report and Recommendation that the Court grant our motion to stay the case and compel the Slocumb Law Firm to arbitrate its claims against us in Santa Clara County, California pursuant to a clause mandating arbitration of disputes set forth in the terms and conditions to which Slocumb Law Firm agreed in connection with its purchase of business services from the Company. We have not yet received a formal arbitration demand from the Slocumb Law Firm, nor has discovery commenced. We intend to vigorously defend ourselves against Slocumb Law Firm's claims.

Not applicable.

Our common stock is traded under the symbol "EGHT" and is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market of the Nasdaq Stock Market national securities exchange.

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and have no plans to do so in the foreseeable future. As of May 27, 2016, there were 237 holders of record of our common stock.

The following table sets forth the range of high and low close prices for each period indicated:

See Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report regarding information about securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans.

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The graph below shows the cumulative total stockholder return over a five year period assuming the investment of $100 on March 31, 2011 in each of 8x8's common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index. The graph is furnished, not filed, and the historical return cannot be indicative of future performance.

The activity under the Repurchase Plans for the three months ended March 31, 2016 is summarized as follows:

* The share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors in February 2015 for the purchase up to $20.0 million shares, expired on February 29, 2016. The expiration resulted in a 4,595,138 decrease in the dollar amount of shares that may be purchased under the repurchase program. See Note 8 in notes to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data of 8x8 Inc. for each year in the five year period ended March 31, 2016.  The following selected consolidated financial data is qualified by reference to and should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and with the consolidated financial statements, related notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We are a provider of cloud-based, enterprise-class software solutions that transform the way businesses communicate and collaborate globally. Our comprehensive software platform brings together the power of cloud, mobile, collaboration, video and data science technologies to enhance the way employees communicate with each other, and how they connect and interact with their customers. Our integrated, "pure-cloud" offering combines global voice, conferencing, messaging and video with integrated workflows and big data analytics on a single platform to enable increased team productivity, better customer engagement and real-time insights into business performance. Since fiscal 2004, substantially all of our revenue has been generated from the sale, license and provision of communications services.

In fiscal year 2016, we displayed continued momentum in four key areas of our business. First, our increased focus on mid-market and distributed enterprise customers resulted in more than 48% of our total service revenue coming from this customer segment, compared with 42% in fiscal 2015. Over the course of the fiscal year, we continued to show an increase in our average monthly service revenue per customer (ARPU). In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, our ARPU grew 20% to $385, compared with $320 in the same period of fiscal 2015. The increase resulted from our success in selling a greater number of subscriptions to larger, more established customers.

Second, we continued the advancement of our technology and product innovation with the expansion and enhancement of our integrated communications software suite. We released our new Virtual Office Meetings product, a high definition video conferencing and collaboration solution that enables secure, continuous communication from any device, anywhere in the world. We also released next-generation capabilities for our Virtual Contact Center solution, including a global tenant that seamlessly connects an organization's international agents over a single platform, cloud-native quality management, analytics that monitor and improve the customer journey, and a pre-built CRM integration tool.

Third, we have made significant progress with our enterprise customer deployments. We continue to deploy our solutions for multiple global enterprise customers with 1,000 - 10,000 seats in the US, Canada, Australia, Philippines, UK, Czech Republic, Uruguay, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, and many others. Our patent pending "Elite Touch" professional services program employs a comprehensive success enablement methodology that ensures the fastest time to value for customers with large and complex requirements that typically involve multiple sites, global implementations or integration with CRM or other back end systems.

Fourth, we continued to build on our Global Reach® initiative by broadening our presence and service delivery capabilities to support our customers who currently are operating in 114 countries. Beyond serving the needs of existing customers, it is our intent to penetrate these markets through a variety of additional methods including strategic alliances, partners and acquisitions.

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To support these initiatives and strengthen our business, we intend to continue investing in research and development and sales and marketing in fiscal 2017 at rates comparable to the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2016.

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Report describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

We have identified the policies below as some of the more critical to our business and the understanding of our results of operations. These policies may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and represent the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Although we believe our judgments and estimates are appropriate, actual future results may differ from our estimates. If different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, the results could be materially different from our reported results. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate such estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to bad debts, returns reserve for expected cancellations, valuation of inventories, income and sales tax, and litigation and other contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities, and equity that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Additional information regarding risk factors that may impact our estimates is included above under Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors."

Our revenue recognition policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. As described below, significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the revenue recognized in any accounting period. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenue for any period if our management made different judgments or utilized different estimates.

We recognize service revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. We defer recognition of service revenues in instances when cash receipts are received before services are delivered and we recognize deferred revenues ratably as services are provided.

We recognize revenue from product sales for which there are no related services to be rendered upon shipment to customers provided that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, title has transferred, collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured, there are no customer acceptance requirements, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Gross outbound shipping and handling charges are recorded as revenue, and the related costs are included in cost of goods sold. Reserves for returns and allowances for customer sales are recorded at the time of shipment. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605, Revenue Recognition , we record shipments to distributors, retailers, channel partners, and resellers, where the right of return exists, as deferred revenue. We defer recognition of revenue on product sales to distributors, retailers, channel partners, and resellers until the products have been sold to the end customer.

We record revenue net of any sales and service related taxes and mandatory government charges that are billed to our customers. We believe this approach results in consolidated financial statements that are more easily understood by users.

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Under the terms of our typical subscription agreement, new customers can terminate their service within 30 days of order placement and receive a full refund of fees previously paid. We have determined that we have sufficient history of subscriber conduct to make a reasonable estimate of cancellations within the 30-day trial period. Therefore, we recognize new subscriber revenue in the month in which the new order was shipped, net of an allowance for expected cancellations.

ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition - Multiple Element Arrangements , requires that revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables be divided into separate units of accounting if the deliverables in the arrangement meet specific criteria.  The provisioning of the 8x8 cloud communication and collaboration software solutions with the accompanying 8x8 IP telephone constitutes a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables.  For arrangements with multiple deliverables, we allocate the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, the accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the relative selling price to be used for allocating arrangement consideration to units of accounting as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value ("VSOE"), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price ("TPE"), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price ("BESP").

VSOE generally exists only when we sell the deliverable separately, on more than a limited basis, at prices within a relatively narrow range.  When VSOE cannot be established, we attempt to establish the selling price of deliverables based on relevant TPE. TPE is determined based on manufacturer's prices for similar deliverables when sold separately, when possible. When we are unable to establish selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP for the allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service was sold on a stand-alone basis. BESP is generally used for offerings that are not typically sold on a stand-alone basis or for new or highly customized offerings. We determine BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to:

• the price list established by its management which is typically based on general pricing practices and targeted gross margin of products and services sold; and
• analysis of pricing history of new arrangements, including multiple element and stand-alone transactions.

In accordance with the guidance of ASC 605-25, when we enter into revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables we allocate arrangement consideration, including activation fees, among the 8x8 IP telephones and subscriber services based on their relative selling prices. Arrangement consideration allocated to the IP telephones that is fixed or determinable and that is not contingent on future performance or future deliverables is recognized as product revenues during the period of the sale less the allowance for estimated returns during the 30-day trial period. Arrangement consideration allocated to subscriber services that is fixed or determinable and that is not contingent on future performance or future deliverables is recognized ratably as service revenues as the related services are provided, which is generally over the initial contract term.

Our ability to enter into revenue generating transactions and recognize revenue in the future is subject to a number of business and economic risks discussed above under Item 1A,"Risk Factors."

We must make estimates of the collectability of our accounts receivable. Management specifically analyzes accounts receivable, including historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. As of March 31, 2016, the accounts receivable balance was $11.1 million, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.6 million, including a reserve for disputed credits, and an estimated returns reserve of $0.2 million. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorates, our actual losses may exceed our estimates, and additional allowances would be required.

We write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand, market conditions and replacement costs. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by us, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Goodwill represents the excess fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. The carrying value of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are annually tested for impairment and more often if there is an indicator of impairment.

We perform an annual impairment assessment in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit in which goodwill resides is less than its carrying value. For reporting units in which this assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired and we are not required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. Qualitative factors considered in this assessment include industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting unit.

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process requires us to estimate our actual current tax expense and to assess temporary differences resulting from book-tax accounting differences for items such as accrued vacation. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. In the event that we determine that we would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would reduce income tax expense in the period such determination was made.

Significant management judgment is required to determine the valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets, which include net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. The valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax assets will be recoverable. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 and 2015, we evaluated the need for a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset and concluded that we needed less of an allowance. Therefore, we decreased our valuation allowance by approximately $1.1 million and $1.5 million, as certain California net operating losses will not be utilized as they have expired in fiscal 2016 and 2015. During the fourth quarters of fiscal 2014, we evaluated the need for a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset and concluded that an additional allowance was needed. Therefore, we increased our valuation allowance related to our state and federal net operating loss and tax credit carryovers which resulted in reversals of previous income statement credits of approximately $1.3 million. We determined that an increase in our valuation allowance was appropriate as a result of the change in the net income apportionment methodology in California and the acquisition of Voicenet in the third quarter of fiscal 2014. In making this determination, we considered all available positive and negative evidence, including our recent earnings trend and expected continued future taxable income. As of March 31, 2016, the net deferred tax asset on the consolidated balance sheet represented the projected tax benefit we expect to realize. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against the portion of our deferred tax assets that we believe is more likely than not to be used to reduce our income tax liability.

We have received inquiries, demands or audit requests from several state, municipal and 9-1-1 taxing agencies seeking payment of taxes that are applied to or collected from the customers of providers of traditional public switched telephone network services. We recorded $0.4 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million of expense for the years ended March 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for estimated tax exposure for such assessments.

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Stock-Based Compensation

We account for our employee stock options, stock purchase rights, restricted stock units, and restricted performance stock units granted under the 1996 Stock Plan, 1996 Director Option Plan, the 2006 Stock Plan, the 2003 Contactual Plan, the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the 2013 New Employee Inducement Incentive Plan and stock purchase rights under the 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (collectively "Equity Compensation Plans") under the provisions of ASC 718 - Stock Compensation . Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee's requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant), net of estimated forfeitures.

We recognize stock-based compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, based on ASC 718 criteria. Compensation expense for stock-based payment awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method and includes the impact of estimated forfeitures. Compensation expense for restricted stock units with performance and market conditions is recognized over the requisite service period using the straight-line method and includes the impact of estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

To value option grants, stock purchase rights and restricted stock units under the Equity Compensation Plans for stock-based compensation, we used the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Fair value determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model varies based on assumptions used for the expected stock prices volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rates and future dividend payments. For the twelve months ended March 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we used the historical volatility of our stock over a period equal to the expected life of the options. The expected life assumptions represent the weighted-average period stock-based awards are expected to remain outstanding. We established expected life assumptions through the review of historical exercise behavior of stock-based award grants with similar vesting periods. The risk-free interest was based on the closing market bid yields on actively traded U.S. treasury securities in the over-the-counter market for the expected term equal to the expected term of the option. The dividend yield assumption was based on our history and expectation of future dividend payout.

To value restricted performance stock units under the Equity Compensation Plans, we used a Monte Carlo simulation model.  Fair value determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model varies based on the assumptions used for the expected stock price volatility, the correlation coefficient between the Company and the NASDAQ Composite Index, risk-free interest rates, and future dividend payments.  For the twelve months ended March 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we used the historical volatility and correlation of our stock and the Index over a period equal to the remaining performance period as of the grant date. The risk-free interest rate was based on the closing market bid yields on actively traded U.S. treasury securities in the over-the-counter market for the expected term equal to the remaining performance period as of the grant date. The dividend yield assumption was based on our history and expectation of future dividend payout.

ASC 718 requires us to calculate the additional paid-in-capital pool, or APIC Pool, available to absorb tax deficiencies recognized subsequent to adopting ASC 718, as if we had adopted ASC 718 at its effective date of January 1, 1995. There are two allowable methods to calculate our APIC Pool: (1) the long form method or (2) the short form method as set forth in ASC 718. We have elected to use the long form method under which we track each award grant on an employee-by-employee basis and grant-by-grant basis to determine if there is a tax benefit or tax deficiency for such award. We then compared the fair value expense to the tax deduction received for each grant and aggregated the benefits and deficiencies to establish the APIC Pool.

Due to the adoption of ASC 718, some option exercises result in tax deductions in excess of book deductions based on the option value at the time of grant. We recognize these windfall tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options directly to stockholders' equity only when realized. We use the "with and without" approach as described in ASC 740, in determining the order in which our tax attributes are utilized. The "with and without" approach results in the recognition of the windfall stock option tax benefits only after all other tax attributes of ours have been considered in the annual tax accrual computation. Also, we have elected to ignore the indirect tax effects of share-based compensation deductions in computing our research and development tax credits and alternative tax credits and as such, we recognize the full effect of these deductions in the consolidated income statement in the period in which the taxable event occurs.

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SELECTED OPERATING STATISTICS

We periodically review certain key business metrics, within the context of our articulated performance goals, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of our operational strategies, allocate resources and maximize the financial performance of our business. The selected operating statistics include the following:

____________