UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 

Form 10-Q

 
(Mark one)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2014
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
 
Commission File Number 001-33506
 

SHORETEL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
Delaware
 
77-0443568
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
960 Stewart Drive, Sunnyvale, California
 
94085-3913
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(408) 331-3300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 

 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes       No  
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes       No  
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
       
Non-accelerated filer
  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes       No  
 
As of January 23, 2015, 64,160,234 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

 

SHORETEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q for the Quarter Ended December 31, 2014
INDEX
 
 
 
Page
PART I: Financial Information
 
     
Item 1
3
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
6
 
7
Item 2
19
Item 3
30
Item 4
30
   
PART II: Other Information
 
     
Item 1
31
Item 1A
31
Item 2
31
Item 3
31
Item 4
31
Item 5
31
Item 6
31
 
32
 
33
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
SHORETEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
   
December 31,
2014
   
June 30,
2014
 
ASSETS
 
   
 
Current assets:
       
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
67,427
   
$
53,472
 
Short-term investments
   
8,255
     
2,673
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $588 as of December 31, 2014 and $636 as of June 30, 2014
   
31,427
     
33,758
 
Inventories
   
19,356
     
26,501
 
Indemnification asset
   
2,075
     
5,606
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
11,217
     
7,991
 
Total current assets
   
139,757
     
130,001
 
Property and equipment - net
   
20,273
     
19,601
 
Goodwill
   
122,750
     
122,750
 
Intangible assets - net
   
25,120
     
28,479
 
Other assets
   
2,875
     
3,119
 
Total assets
 
$
310,775
   
$
303,950
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
 
$
14,695
   
$
16,975
 
Accrued liabilities and other
   
19,584
     
13,399
 
Accrued employee compensation
   
15,441
     
16,527
 
Accrued taxes and surcharges
   
10,115
     
12,186
 
Deferred revenue
   
50,450
     
46,937
 
Total current liabilities
   
110,285
     
106,024
 
                 
Long-term deferred revenue
   
17,961
     
17,539
 
Other long-term liabilities
   
2,797
     
2,994
 
Total liabilities
   
131,043
     
126,557
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
               
Stockholders' equity:
               
Preferred stock, par value $.001 per share, authorized 5,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding
   
-
     
-
 
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, par value $.001 per share, authorized 500,000; issued and outstanding, 64,146 and 62,824 shares as of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014, respectively
   
353,369
     
344,546
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
   
(7
)
   
1
 
Accumulated deficit
   
(173,630
)
   
(167,154
)
Total stockholders’ equity
   
179,732
     
177,393
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
310,775
   
$
303,950
 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
SHORETEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Revenue:
               
Product
 
$
46,913
   
$
46,557
   
$
94,620
   
$
94,239
 
Hosted and related services
   
25,763
     
21,719
     
50,654
     
42,458
 
Support and services
   
18,191
     
16,209
     
36,024
     
32,075
 
Total revenue
   
90,867
     
84,485
     
181,298
     
168,772
 
Cost of revenue:
                               
Product
   
15,613
     
16,341
     
32,392
     
32,637
 
Hosted and related services
   
15,663
     
14,078
     
31,256
     
26,611
 
Support and services
   
4,301
     
4,207
     
8,582
     
8,489
 
Total cost of revenue
   
35,577
     
34,626
     
72,230
     
67,737
 
Gross profit
   
55,290
     
49,859
     
109,068
     
101,035
 
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
   
13,272
     
12,281
     
26,933
     
25,561
 
Sales and marketing
   
29,301
     
27,355
     
58,317
     
55,021
 
General and administrative
   
10,562
     
10,398
     
20,553
     
21,027
 
Settlements and defense fees
   
8,422
     
-
     
8,422
     
-
 
Total operating expenses
   
61,557
     
50,034
     
114,225
     
101,609
 
Loss from operations
   
(6,267
)
   
(175
)
   
(5,157
)
   
(574
)
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest expense
   
(107
)
   
(205
)
   
(260
)
   
(492
)
Interest income and other (expense), net
   
(343
)
   
(334
)
   
(556
)
   
(474
)
Total other expense
   
(450
)
   
(539
)
   
(816
)
   
(966
)
Loss before provision for income tax
   
(6,717
)
   
(714
)
   
(5,973
)
   
(1,540
)
Provision for income tax
   
125
     
226
     
503
     
435
 
Net loss
 
$
(6,842
)
 
$
(940
)
 
$
(6,476
)
 
$
(1,975
)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted
 
$
(0.11
)
 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.03
)
Shares used in computing net loss per share - basic and diluted
   
63,728
     
60,809
     
63,348
     
60,177
 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
SHORETEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
December 31,
   
Six Months Ended
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
         
Net loss
 
$
(6,842
)
 
$
(940
)
 
$
(6,476
)
 
$
(1,975
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
                               
Unrealized gains (loss) on short-term investments
   
(1
)
   
(1
)
   
(8
)
   
6
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
   
(1
)
   
(1
)
   
(8
)
   
6
 
                                 
Comprehensive loss
 
$
(6,843
)
 
$
(941
)
 
$
(6,484
)
 
$
(1,969
)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
SHORETEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
       
Net loss
 
$
(6,476
)
 
$
(1,975
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
   
9,663
     
8,866
 
Stock-based compensation expense
   
4,585
     
4,197
 
Amortization of premium on investments
   
49
     
74
 
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
   
12
     
278
 
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable
   
25
     
125
 
Change in fair value of purchase consideration
   
-
     
107
 
Impairment of indemnification asset
   
3,584
     
-
 
Fair value of escrow settlement modification
   
611
     
-
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
   
2,306
     
6,155
 
Inventories
   
7,309
     
(8
)
Indemnification asset
   
(53
)
   
126
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
(3,226
)
   
520
 
Other assets
   
244
     
207
 
Accounts payable
   
(2,952
)
   
3,841
 
Accrued liabilities and other
   
6,426
     
(2,389
)
Accrued employee compensation
   
(1,086
)
   
2,162
 
Accrued taxes and surcharges
   
(2,071
)
   
(212
)
Deferred revenue
   
3,935
     
5,693
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
22,885
     
27,767
 
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITES:
               
Purchases of property and equipment
   
(5,503
)
   
(7,206
)
Purchases of investments
   
(7,896
)
   
-
 
Proceeds from sales/maturities of investments
   
2,257
     
2,353
 
Purchases of patents, technology and internally developed software
   
(1,077
)
   
-
 
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(12,219
)
   
(4,853
)
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
   
5,191
     
6,867
 
Taxes paid on vested and released stock awards
   
(953
)
   
(544
)
Debt issuance costs
   
(622
)
   
-
 
Payments made under line of credit
   
-
     
(20,000
)
Payments made under capital leases
   
(327
)
   
(786
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
   
3,289
     
(14,463
)
                 
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
   
13,955
     
8,451
 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - Beginning of period
   
53,472
     
43,775
 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - End of period
 
$
67,427
   
$
52,226
 
                 
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE:
               
Cash paid for interest
 
$
201
   
$
352
 
Cash paid for taxes
 
$
496
   
$
122
 
                 
NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
                 
Property, plant and equipment acquired on capital lease
 
$
-
   
$
123
 
Unpaid portion of property and equipment purchases included in period-end accruals
 
$
1,718
   
$
762
 

  See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
SHORETEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
1. Description of Business

ShoreTel, Inc. was incorporated in California on September 17, 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware on June 22, 2007. ShoreTel, Inc. and its subsidiaries (referred to herein as “the Company”) is a leading provider of brilliantly simple business communication solutions, comprised of integrated voice, video, data and mobile applications based on Internet Protocol (“IP”) technologies. The Company focuses on the small and medium sized businesses (less than 5,000 users), with a Unified Communications (“UC”) platform so that they can communicate anytime, anyplace, and through any device that they chose. The Company’s strategy is to provide customers with a flexible choice of deployment options: either operating its ShoreTel solution in their own premise-based data centers, subscribing to its cloud-based ShoreTel Sky communication services or a hybrid combination of both offerings.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2014, and for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 have been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (primarily consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2014 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2014. The results of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

Computation of Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is determined by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is determined by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares used in the basic loss per share calculation plus the number of common shares that would be issued assuming conversion of all potentially dilutive securities outstanding under the treasury stock method. Dilutive securities of 2.3 million weighted shares and 2.0 million weighted shares were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014, respectively because such securities were anti-dilutive. Dilutive securities of 2.5 million weighted shares and 4.4 million weighted shares were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended December 31, 2013, respectively, because such securities were anti-dilutive.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2014, all of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were managed by several financial institutions. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains allowances for potential credit losses. Accounts receivable from one value-added distributor accounted for 24% of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2014. At June 30, 2014 the same value-added distributor accounted for 31% of the total accounts receivable .

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Effective

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-9  Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)  - an accounting standard that supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in  Topic 605, Revenue Recognition .  The core principle of the new guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. New disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers are also required. This accounting guidance is effective for the Company in financial reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016; early adoption is not permitted. The ASU may be applied retrospectively (a) to each reporting period presented or (b) with the cumulative effect in retained earnings at the beginning of the adoption period. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption and the impact that the adoption of this accounting guidance may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
3. Balance Sheet Details
Balance Sheet Components Consist of the Following:
 
   
December 31,
   
June 30,
 
   
2014
   
2014
 
   
(Amounts in thousands)
 
Inventories:
       
Raw materials
 
$
100
   
$
120
 
Distributor inventory
   
1,503
     
1,535
 
Finished goods
   
17,753
     
24,846
 
Total inventories
 
$
19,356
   
$
26,501
 
                 
Property and equipment:
               
Computer equipment and tooling
 
$
37,814
   
$
33,286
 
Software
   
4,443
     
4,077
 
Furniture and fixtures
   
3,367
     
3,331
 
Leasehold improvements & others
   
7,233
     
6,554
 
Total property and equipment
   
52,857
     
47,248
 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
   
(32,584
)
   
(27,647
)
Property and equipment – net
 
$
20,273
   
$
19,601
 
                 
Deferred revenue:
               
Product
 
$
5,308
   
$
6,281
 
Support and services
   
56,832
     
53,290
 
Hosted and related services
   
6,271
     
4,905
 
Total deferred revenue
 
$
68,411
   
$
64,476
 
 
Depreciation expense for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $2.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $5.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively.

Intangible Assets:
Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
 
   
December 31, 2014
   
June 30, 2014
 
   
Gross
Carrying
Amount
   
Accumulated‎ Amortization
   
Net Carrying‎
Amount
   
Gross
Carrying
Amount
   
Accumulated‎ Amortization
   
Net Carrying‎
Amount
 
Patents
 
$
3,970
   
$
(3,440
)
 
$
530
   
$
3,970
   
$
(3,185
)
 
$
785
 
Technology
   
26,644
     
(16,865
)
   
9,779
     
26,644
     
(14,486
)
   
12,158
 
Customer relationships
   
23,600
     
(9,706
)
   
13,894
     
23,300
     
(7,764
)
   
15,536
 
Intangible assets in process and other
   
917
     
-
     
917
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Intangible assets
 
$
55,131
   
$
(30,011
)
 
$
25,120
   
$
53,914
   
$
(25,435
)
 
$
28,479
 

The intangible assets that are amortizable have estimated useful lives of two to eight years.
 
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. In accordance with ASC 985-20, Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed , development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established; therefore, costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility are usually not significant. However, during the three and six months ended December 31, 2014, the Company capitalized $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of such software related to ongoing development of a product that has yet to be released to the market. The Company did not capitalize any software development costs for the three and six months ended December 31, 2013.  Such costs will be amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the product. The Company will evaluate the realizability of the assets and the related periods of amortization on a regular basis. Judgment is required in determining when technological feasibility of a product is established as well as its economic life.
 
Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $2.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets for the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $4.3 million and $5.1 million, respectively.
 
The estimated amortization expenses for intangible assets, excluding intangible assets in process and other that are not yet placed into service, as of December 31, 2014 for the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
 
Years Ending June 30,
 
 
 
2015 (remaining 6 months)
   
3,845
 
2016
   
7,436
 
2017
   
5,946
 
2018
   
3,951
 
2019
   
2,815
 
Thereafter
   
210
 
Total
 
$
24,203
 

Short-Term Investments:
The following tables summarize the Company’s short-term investments (in thousands):
 
   
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair Value
 
As of December 31, 2014
               
Corporate notes and commercial paper
 
$
8,262
   
$
-
   
$
(7
)
 
$
8,255
 
Total short-term investments
 
$
8,262
   
$
-
   
$
(7
)
 
$
8,255
 
                                 
As of June 30, 2014
                               
Corporate notes and commercial paper
 
$
2,672
   
$
1
   
$
-
   
$
2,673
 
Total short-term investments
 
$
2,672
   
$
1
   
$
-
   
$
2,673
 
 
The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s fixed income securities (in thousands):  

   
Amortized Cost
   
Fair Value
 
As of December 31, 2014
       
Less than 1 year
 
$
8,262
   
$
8,255
 
Total
 
$
8,262
   
$
8,255
 
                 
   
Amortized Cost
   
Fair Value
 
As of June 30, 2014
               
Less than 1 year
 
$
2,672
   
$
2,673
 
Total
 
$
2,672
   
$
2,673
 
 
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

4. Fair Value Disclosure

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal market (or most advantageous market, in the absence of a principal market) for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Further, entities are required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in measuring fair value, and to utilize a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
 
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.
 
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, and reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
 
The tables below set forth the Company’s financial instruments and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
 
   
December 31, 2014
 
   
Fair Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents:
               
Money market funds
 
$
3,768
   
$
3,768
   
$
-
   
$
-
 
Short-term investments:
                               
Corporate notes and commercial paper
   
8,255
     
-
     
8,255
     
-
 
Total assets measured and recorded at fair value
 
$
12,023
   
$
3,768
   
$
8,255
   
$
-
 

The above table excludes $63.7 million of cash balances on deposit at banks.
 
   
June 30, 2014
 
   
Fair Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
Assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents:
               
Money market funds
 
$
11,011
   
$
11,011
   
$
-
   
$
-
 
Short-term investments:
                               
Corporate notes and commercial paper
   
2,673
     
-
     
2,673
     
-
 
Total assets measured and recorded at fair value
 
$
13,684
   
$
11,011
   
$
2,673
   
$
-
 

The above table excludes $42.5 million of cash balances on deposit at banks.

Money market funds are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices in active markets. Short-term investments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from independent pricing services. Non-binding quotes are based on proprietary valuation models prepared by independent pricing services. These models use algorithms based on inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, historical pricing trends of a security as relative to its peers, internal assumptions of the independent pricing service and statistically supported models. The Company corroborates the reasonableness of non-binding quotes received from the independent pricing service by comparing them to the (a) actual experience gained from the purchases and redemption of investment securities, (b) quotes received on similar securities obtained when purchasing securities and (c) monitoring changes in ratings of similar securities and the related impact on the fair value. The types of instruments valued based on other observable inputs include corporate notes and commercial paper and U.S. Government agency securities. The Company reviewed financial and non-financial assets and liabilities and concluded that there were no other-than-temporary impairment charges during the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.   The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy on a quarterly basis. Changes in the ability to observe valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels of certain securities within the fair value hierarchy. The Company recognizes transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy as of the date in which the actual event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurs. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy for any of the periods presented.

Assets and Liabilities That Are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Non-financial assets such as goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant, and equipment are evaluated for impairment and adjusted to fair value using Level 3 inputs, only when impairment is recognized. Fair values are considered Level 3 when management makes significant assumptions in developing a discounted cash flow model based upon a number of considerations including projections of revenues, earnings and a discount rate. In addition, in evaluating the fair value of goodwill impairment, further corroboration is obtained using the Company’s market capitalization. There were no indicators of impairment in the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 that required a nonrecurring fair value analysis to be performed on non-financial assets.

5. Line of Credit

On October 22, 2014 the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“New Credit Facility”). This New Credit Facility replaces the Company’s previous credit facility. The New Credit Facility includes a revolving loan facility for an aggregate principal amount not exceeding $100.0 million. The New Credit Facility matures on the fifth anniversary of its closing (October 22, 2019) and is payable in full upon maturity. The amounts borrowed and repaid under the New Credit Facility are available for future borrowings.  The borrowings under the New Credit Facility accrue interest (at the election of the Company) either at (i) the London interbank offered rate then in effect, plus a margin of between 1.50% and 2.25%, which is based on the Company’s consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the New Credit Facility), or (ii) the higher of (a) the bank’s publicly-announced prime rate then in effect and (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, in each case of (a) or (b), plus a margin of between 0.00% and 0.50%, which will be based upon the Company’s consolidated EBITDA. The Company also pays annual commitment fees during the term of the New Credit Facility which varies depending on the Company’s consolidated EBITDA. The New Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. The amounts borrowed are recorded as long-term debt, net of the financing costs, in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had $93.4 million available for borrowing under the New Credit Facility.

The New Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including compliance with financial ratios and metrics. The New Credit Facility and the related amendment requires the Company to maintain a minimum ratio of liquidity to its indebtedness (each as defined in the New Credit Facility) and varying amounts of Liquidity and Consolidated EBITDA specified in the New Credit Facility throughout the term of the agreement. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of December 31, 2014.
 
As of December 31, 2014, no amounts were outstanding under the New Credit Facility. The Company amortizes deferred financing costs to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the New Credit Facility.

6. Income Taxes

The Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively and $0.5 million and $0.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The tax provisions of $0.1 million and $0.5 million determined for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2014 respectively, and the tax provisions of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2013, are primarily comprised of United States federal alternative minimum tax, state taxes and foreign income taxes. No income tax benefit was accrued for jurisdictions where the Company anticipates incurring a loss during the full fiscal year as the related deferred tax assets were fully offset by a valuation allowance.  The Company’s resulting effective tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rate primarily due to the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets in select jurisdictions.

The Company maintains liabilities for uncertain tax positions. As of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014, the Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $4.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively. Of the total of $4.8 million of unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2014, none, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change materially over the next 12 months.

While management believes that the Company has adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by tax authorities could be greater or less than the Company’s current position. Accordingly, the Company’s provisions for federal, state and foreign tax related matters to be recorded in the future may change as revised estimates are made or as the underlying matters are settled or otherwise resolved.

The Company’s primary tax jurisdiction is in the United States. For federal and state tax purposes, the tax years 2002 through 2013 remain open and subject to tax examination by the appropriate federal or state taxing authorities.   The Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (“Act”) was signed into law on December 19, 2014.  The Act contains a number of provisions including, most notably, an extension of the United States federal research tax credit through December 31, 2014.  The Act did not have a material impact on our effective tax rate for fiscal 2015 due to the effect of the valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets.

7. Common Stock

Common Shares Reserved for Issuance

At December 31, 2014, the Company has reserved shares of common stock for issuance as follows (in thousands):

Reserved under stock option plans
   
16,596
 
Reserved under employee stock purchase plan
   
422
 
Total
   
17,018
 
 
  8. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table shows total non-cash stock-based compensation expense included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Cost of product revenue
 
$
13
   
$
16
   
$
49
   
$
45
 
Cost of hosted and related services revenue
   
293
     
183
     
636
     
232
 
Cost of support and services revenue
   
118
     
126
     
298
     
373
 
Research and development
   
461
     
402
     
1,119
     
966
 
Sales and marketing
   
585
     
510
     
1,296
     
1,054
 
General and administrative
   
576
     
846
     
1,187
     
1,527
 
   
$
2,046
   
$
2,083
   
$
4,585
   
$
4,197
 

The Company estimated the grant date fair value of stock option awards and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) rights using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Expected life from grant date of option (in years)    
5.05
      5.31       5.05-5.09      
5.43
 
Expected life from grant date of ESPP (in years)
   
0.50
     
0.50
     
0.50
     
0.50
 
Risk free interest rate for options
   
1.60
%
   
1.44
%
   
1.60% - 1.70
%
   
1.51
%
Risk free interest rate for ESPP
   
0.09
%
   
0.10
%
   
0.06% - 0.09
%
   
0.07% - 0.10
%
Expected volatility  for options
   
50
%
   
65
%
   
50
%
   
66
%
Expected volatility  for ESPP
   
43
%
   
48
%
   
43
%
   
42% - 48
%
Expected dividend yield
   
0
%
   
0
%
   
0
%
   
0
%

Compensation expense is recognized only for the portion of stock options that are expected to vest, assuming an expected forfeiture rate in determining stock-based compensation expense, which could affect the stock-based compensation expense recorded if there is a significant difference between actual and estimated forfeiture rates. As of December 31, 2014, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-based options and awards granted to employees and non-employee directors was $7.1 million. This cost will be amortized on a ratable basis over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.8 years.
 
9. Stock Option Plan
 
Transactions under the 1997 and 2007 option plans are summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share data and contractual term):
 
   
Options Outstanding
 
   
Shares
Subject to
Options
Outstanding
   
Weighted- Average Exercise
Price
   
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)
   
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
Balance at July 1, 2014
   
6,324
   
$
5.37
         
Options granted (weighted average fair value $3.01 per share)
   
1,351
     
6.67
         
Options exercised
   
(656
)
   
4.73
         
Options cancelled/forfeited
   
(130
)
   
5.94
         
Balance at December 31, 2014
   
6,889
   
$
5.67
     
6.58
   
$
13,209
 
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2014
   
5,728
   
$
5.54
     
6.07
   
$
11,415
 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2014
   
3,868
   
$
5.50
     
4.79
   
$
8,154
 
 
The total pre-tax intrinsic value for options exercised during the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 was $1.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and $1.9 million and $3.6 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2013, respectively, representing the difference between the fair values of the Company’s common stock underlying these options at the dates of exercise and the exercise prices paid.

10. Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On September 18, 2007, the Board of Directors approved the commencement of offering periods under a previously-approved ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount through payroll deductions. The ESPP consists of six-month offering periods commencing on May 1 st and November 1 st , each year. Under the ESPP, employees purchase shares of the Company's common stock at 85% of the market value at either the beginning of the offering period or the end of the offering period, whichever price is lower.

In February of fiscal 2014 and 2013, pursuant to the automatic increase provisions of the ESPP, the Company’s Board of Directors approved increases to the number of shares authorized and reserved for issuance under the ESPP by 611,987 and 587,188 shares, respectively .

11. Restricted Stock

Under the 2007 Plan, during the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 the Company issued fully vested restricted stock awards to non-employee directors electing to receive them in lieu of an annual cash retainer.

In addition, restricted stock units can be issued under the 2007 Plan to eligible employees and generally vest 25% at each one year anniversary from the date of grant.
 
Restricted stock award and restricted stock unit activity for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows (in thousands):

   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
 
Beginning outstanding
   
1,394
     
1,310
 
Awarded
   
762
     
781
 
Released
   
(486
)
   
(384
)
Forfeited
   
(101
)
   
(115
)
Ending outstanding
   
1,569
     
1,592
 

  Information regarding restricted stock awards and restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2014 is summarized below:

   
Number of Shares
(thousands)
   
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Lives
   
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
(thousands)
 
Shares outstanding
   
1,569
     
1.70
   
$
11,529
 
Shares expected to vest
   
889
     
1.31
   
$
6,531
 
 
12. Litigation, Commitments, Contingencies and Leases

Litigation — At December 31, 2014, the Company is involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of the ordinary course of business or otherwise. Any litigation, regardless of outcome, is costly and time-consuming, can divert the attention of management and key personnel from business operations, deter distributors from selling the Company’s products and dissuade potential customers from purchasing the Company’s products. The Company defends itself vigorously against any such claims. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the litigation process, the Company is unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, at this time, however the Company does not believe a material loss is probable.

Arbitration — In addition, on March 21, 2013, the Company provided Fortis Advisors LLC (“Fortis”), as representative of the former shareholders of M5 Networks, with a Claim Certificate disclosing certain claims for indemnification under the January 31, 2012 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between M5 and the Company (the “Purchase Agreement”). Thereafter, the Company and Fortis engaged in negotiations in an attempt to resolve the indemnification claims asserted by the Company. In September 2013, the Company received notice of commencement of an arbitration proceeding by Fortis on behalf of the former shareholders of M5.  Through the arbitration, Fortis seeks a declaration that the Company’s claims for indemnification are precluded. On October 11, 2013, the Company served its response, denying all of Fortis’ allegations and asserting counterclaims for breach of the Purchase Agreement and declaratory relief. The arbitrator held a hearing with the parties from October 13, 2014 through October 16, 2014, addressing certain of the Company’s claims. The arbitrator issued his ruling on December 5, 2014.

The Company and Fortis came to a tentative agreement to settle the escrow claim with a payout in cash to the Company in the amount of $2.1 million, with all other cash and shares held in escrow being released to the former shareholders of M5. As the settlement payout ratio of cash and stock mix differed from the Purchase Agreement, the Company recognized a $0.6 million modification accounting charge related to the change in fair value of foregone stock per the Purchase Agreement. The fair value of the common stock was measured using the closing price of our common stock as of December 31, 2014 and will be adjusted based on the final settlement date.

Per the Purchase Agreement, the non- prevailing party is required to reimburse professional fees of the prevailing party. The arbitration ruling in December 2014 determined the former M5 shareholders to be the prevailing party, thus the Company was deemed to be required to reimburse professional fees incurred by former M5 shareholders related to the escrow proceedings. The Company and Fortis came to a tentative agreement to settle the professional fee reimbursement for $2.5 million, as such, the Company recognized this amount as a professional fee reimbursement charge classified as settlements and defense fees within the consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014.

Indemnification asset — As a result of the tentative settlement made between the parties noted above, the Company recorded an impairment of the related indemnification asset to adjust the carrying value to the amount it will realize from the related escrow proceeds. During the six months ended December 31, 2014, the Company has recorded an impairment charge of $3.6 million classified as settlements and defense fees within the consolidated statement of operations. The carrying amount of the indemnification asset was $2.1 million at December 31, 2014.
 
Contingencies — During the quarter ended December 31, 2014 the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued a Notice of Proposed Adjustment (“NOPA”) resulting from a withholding tax audit of payments made to non-U.S. vendors during calendar years 2008 through 2012.  The NOPA asserts a liability for under-withheld tax of approximately $2.0 million, plus related penalties and estimated interest of approximately $1.3 million. While the Company disagrees with a majority of the IRS’ assertions and proposed liability, the Company accrued for the probable liability and recorded an expense classified as settlements and defense fees within the consolidated statement of operations of $1.1 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014.

Settlements and defense fees — Settlements and defense fees within the consolidated statement of operations of $8.4 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 were comprised of a $3.6 million impairment of the indemnification asset charge, a $2.5 million accrual for professional fee reimbursement, a $0.6 million modification accounting charge related to the change in fair value of foregone stock per the Purchase Agreement , $1.1 million rel ated to an IRS proposed adjustment and $0.6 million in professional fees incurred in connection with an unsolicited acquisition proposal . There were no corresponding charges for the three and six months ended December 31, 2013.

Leases — The Company leases its facilities under noncancelable operating leases which expire at various times through 2023. The leases provide for the lessee to pay all costs of utilities, insurance, and taxes. Future minimum lease payments under the noncancelable capital and operating leases as of December 31, 2014, are as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending June 30,
 
Operating
Leases
   
Capital
Leases
 
2015 (remaining 6 months)
   
2,977
     
71
 
2016
   
6,007
     
48
 
2017
   
5,831
     
8
 
2018
   
5,121
     
-
 
2019
   
3,746
     
-
 
Therafter
   
4,944
     
-
 
Total minimum lease payments
 
$
28,626
     
127
 
                 
Less: amount representing interest
           
(1
)
Present value of total minimum lease payments
           
126
 
Less: current portion liability
           
(93
)
Capital lease obligation, net of current portion
         
$
33
 

The current portion of the capital leases is included in accrued liabilities and other on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The non-current portion of the capital leases is included in the other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Lease obligations for the Company’s foreign offices are denominated in foreign currencies, which were converted in the above table to U.S. dollars at the interbank exchange rate on December 31, 2014.

Rent expense for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $1.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Rent expense for the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $2.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Purchase commitments — The Company had purchase commitments with contract manufacturers for inventory totaling approximately $20.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and $21.2 million as of June 30, 2014.

Letters of credit   — Outstanding letters of credit maintained by the Company totaled $635,000   as of December 31, 2014.

Indemnification — Under the indemnification provisions of the Company’s customer agreements, the Company agrees to indemnify and defend its customers against infringement of any patent, trademark, or copyright of any country or the misappropriation of any trade secret, arising from the customers’ legal use of the Company’s services. The exposure to the Company under these indemnification provisions is generally limited to the total amount paid by the customers under pertinent agreements. However, certain indemnification provisions potentially expose the Company to losses in excess of the aggregate amount received from the customer.

The Company also has entered into customary indemnification agreements with each of its officers and directors.
 
13. Segment Information

ASC Topic 280,   Segment Reporting , establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments, products and services, geographic areas of operations and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker or decision making group in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). As a result of consolidating the management structure of the Company, commencing in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. On this basis, the Company is organized and operates in a single segment: the design, development, marketing, and sale of business communication solutions. Upon a change in reporting segments, ASC Topic 280 requires prior-period segment information to be recast to match the new reportable segment composition.   As the Company now operates as a single segment, no additional disclosure of segment measures of profit or loss and total assets is applicable for all periods presented.

Revenue by geographic region is based on the ship to address on the customer order. The following presents total revenue by geographic region (in thousands):
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
United States of America
 
$
83,172
   
$
76,219
   
$
166,639
   
$
152,749
 
International
   
7,695
     
8,266
     
14,659
     
16,023
 
Total
 
$
90,867
   
$
84,485
   
$
181,298
   
$
168,772
 
 
Revenue from one value-added distributor accounted for approximately 24% and 23% of the total revenue during the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively and 26% and 24% of the total revenue during the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The Company’s assets are primarily located in the United States of America and not allocated to any specific region; furthermore, the Company does not measure the performance of its geographic regions based upon asset-based metrics.

The following presents a summary of long-lived assets, excluding deferred tax assets, other assets, goodwill and intangible assets (in thousands):
 
   
December 31,
   
June 30,
 
   
2014
   
2014
 
United States of America
 
$
19,309
   
$
18,704
 
International
   
964
     
897
 
Total
 
$
20,273
   
$
19,601
 

14. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and the exchange rates associated with foreign currencies. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2014, the Company used derivative instruments to reduce the volatility of earnings associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company used foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the gains and losses generated from the re-measurement of certain foreign monetary assets and liabilities, primarily including cash balances, third party accounts receivable and intercompany transactions recorded on the balance sheet. These derivatives are not designated and do not qualify as hedge instruments. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of these instruments are recognized in other income and expenses during the period of change. These derivatives have maturities of approximately one month. The foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2014 are entered into by the Company on the last business day of the period. Given the relatively short duration such contracts are outstanding in relation to changes in potential market rates, the change in the fair value is not material and is not reflected either as an asset or a liability.
 
The following table presents the gross notional value of all of the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2014 (in thousands):

   
December 31, 2014
 
 
Local Currency
Amount
   
Notional Contract
Amount (USD)
 
Australian dollar
 
$
1,360
   
$
1,102
 
British pound
 
£
2,210
   
$
3,430
 
Canadian dollar
 
$
620
   
$
530
 
Euro
 
740
   
$
882
 
Total
         
$
5,944
 
                 
   
June 30, 2014
 
   
Local Currency
Amount
   
Notional Contract
Amount (USD)
 
Australian dollar
 
$
1,060
   
$
986
 
British pound
 
£
2,540
     
4,303
 
Euro
 
840
     
1,142
 
Total
         
$
6,431
 
 
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

Overview

ShoreTel is a leading provider of brilliantly simple business communication solutions, comprised of integrated voice, video, data and mobile applications based on Internet Protocol ("IP") technologies. We focus on the small and medium sized businesses (less than 5,000 users), with a Unified Communications ("UC") platform so that they can communicate anytime, anyplace, and through any device that they chose. Our strategy is to provide customers with a flexible choice of deployment options: either operating our ShoreTel solution in their own premise-based data centers, subscribing to our cloud-based ShoreTel Sky communication services or a hybrid combination of both.

Our solution is available for businesses to operate in their own premise-based data centers and on a hosted, cloud-based platform. Premise-based systems are comprised of our switches, IP phones and software applications which work with our unique IP distributed architecture to provide a brilliantly simple, integrated communication system. Our hosted systems are comprised of ShoreTel designed and developed software delivered to the customers as a managed service along with our phones and software applications. We anticipate that our cloud-based system sales will grow at a faster rate than our premise-based system sales. Accordingly, we will continue to invest in cloud-based infrastructure and channel development to help enable our growth.

ShoreTel is currently developing its next generation common platform that can be deployed across cloud, hybrid and on-premises environments through a single ShoreTel solution.

We sell our products through channel partners that market and sell our solutions to enterprises across all industry verticals, including small, medium and large companies and public institutions. Our channel partners include resellers as well as value-added distributors who in turn sell to the resellers. We also offer our hosted and related services via our direct sales organization. The number of our authorized channel partners around the world was approximately 1,200 as of December 31, 2014. Our internal sales and marketing personnel support these channel partners in their selling efforts.
 
We are headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and have offices located throughout North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Additionally, our ShoreTel Sky services are provided primarily from our data center in Texas.  While most of our customers are located in the United States, we have remained fairly consistent in revenue from international sales, which accounted for approximately 8% and 10% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 8% and 9% for six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We expect sales to customers in the United States will continue to comprise the majority of our sales in the foreseeable future.

In the three and six months ended December 31, 2014, we continued to grow our market share of the IP telephony market, both in the United States and worldwide. Our total revenue increased to $90.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2014 from $84.5 million in the three months ended December 31 2013, and total revenue increased to $181.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2014 from $168.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2013, driven by sales and services delivered to new customers and add-on sales from existing customers.

Key Business Metrics

We monitor a number of key metrics to help forecast growth, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts and measure operational effectiveness.

Deferred revenue. Deferred revenue relates to the timing of revenue recognition for specific transactions based on delivery of service, support, specific commitments, product and services delivered to our value-added distributors that have not been delivered or sold through to resellers, and other factors. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from our transactions and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Nearly all of our premise system sales include the purchase of post-contractual support contracts with terms of up to five years, and our renewal rates on these contracts have been high historically. We recognize support revenue on a ratable basis over the term of the support contract. Since we receive payment for support in advance of recognizing the related revenue, we carry a deferred revenue balance on our consolidated balance sheet. Almost all of our hosted services are billed a month in advance. Billings that are collected before the service is delivered are included in the deferred revenue balance on our consolidated balance sheet. These amounts are recognized as revenue as the services are delivered. Our deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2014 was $68.4 million, of which $50.4 million is expected to be recognized within one year.

Gross margin. Our gross margins for products are primarily affected by our ability to reduce hardware costs faster than the decline in average overall system sales prices. We strive to increase our product gross margin by reducing hardware costs through product redesign and volume discount pricing from our suppliers. In general, product gross margin on our switches is greater than product gross margin on our IP phones. We consider our ability to monitor and manage these factors to be a key aspect of maintaining product gross margins and increasing our profitability.

Gross margin for support and services is impacted primarily by labor-related expenses. The primary goal of our support and services function is to ensure a high level of customer satisfaction and our investments in support personnel and infrastructure are made with this goal in mind. We expect that as our installed enterprise customer base grows, we may be able to slightly improve gross margin for support and services through economies of scale. However, the timing of additional investments in our support and services infrastructure could materially affect our cost of support and services revenue, both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of support and services revenue and total revenue, in any particular period.

Gross margin for hosted and related services is lower than the gross margins for support and services and product and is impacted primarily by the reselling of broadband costs to customers, employee-related expense, data communication cost, carrier cost, telecom taxes, and intangible asset amortization expense. We expect that with the growth in customer base, the gross margins may reflect improvement due to synergies and other cost reductions in our service delivery platform.

Operating expense. Our operating expenses are comprised primarily of compensation and benefits for our employees. Accordingly, increases in operating expenses historically have been primarily related to increases in our headcount. We intend to expand our workforce as we grow, and therefore, our ability to forecast revenue is critical to managing our operating expenses.

Average revenue per user . We calculate the monthly average service revenue per user (“ARPU”) for our hosted and related services revenue as the average monthly revenue per customer divided by the average number of seats per customer. The average monthly revenue per customer is calculated as the monthly service revenue from customers in the period, divided by the simple average number of business customers during the period. Our ARPU includes telecommunication internet circuits that we resell that could, as a percentage of our business, decline over time as our average customer size increases and therefore they are more likely to have their own networks already established. Our monthly ARPU for the three months ended December 31, 2014 was approximately $52 as compared to $55 for the three months ended December 31, 2013. The decrease in ARPU was primarily due to a greater number of volume discounts related to increased sales to larger enterprise customers and a decrease in the resale of telecommunications circuits to new customers as compared to the existing customer base.
 
Revenue churn . Revenue churn for our hosted and related services revenue is calculated by dividing the monthly recurring revenue from customers that have terminated during a period by the simple average of the total monthly recurring revenue from all customers in a given period. The effective management of the revenue churn is critical to our ability to maximize revenue growth and to maintain and improve margins. Our annualized revenue churn for customers that have terminated services for the three months ended December 31, 2014 was approximately 5% as compared to 4% for the three months ended December 31, 2013.

Basis of Presentation

Revenue.  We derive our revenue from sales of our premise IP telecommunications systems and related support and services as well as hosted services.

Product revenue . Product revenue consists of sales of our business communication systems. Our typical system includes a combination of IP phones, switches and software applications primarily for our premise-based solutions. We sell our products through channel partners that include resellers and value-added distributors. Prices to a given channel partner for hardware and software products depend on that channel partner's volume and other criteria, as well as our own strategic considerations. Product revenue has accounted for 52% and 55% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively and 52% and 56% of our total revenue for the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Support and services revenue.    Support and services revenue primarily consists of post-contractual support, and to a lesser extent revenue from training services, professional services and installations that we perform. Post-contractual support includes software updates which grant rights to unspecified software license upgrades and maintenance releases issued during the support period. Post-contractual support also includes both Internet- and phone-based technical support. Revenue from post-contractual support is recognized ratably over the contractual service period. Support and services revenues accounted for 20% and 19% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 20% and 19% of our total revenue for the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Hosted and related services revenue.  Hosted and related services and solutions consist primarily of our proprietary hosted VoIP Unified Communications system as well as other services such as foreign and domestic calling plans, certain UC applications, internet service provisioning, regulatory and telecommunications fees, training and other professional services. Our hosted and related services are sold through indirect channel resellers and a direct sales force. Our customers typically enter into 12 month service agreements whereby they are billed for such services on a monthly basis. Revenue from our hosted and related services is recognized on a monthly basis as services are delivered. Revenue associated with various calling plans and internet services are recognized as such services are provided. Hosted and related services revenues accounted for 28% and 26% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 28% and 25% of our total revenue for the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Cost of revenue.  Cost of product revenue consists primarily of hardware costs, royalties and license fees for third-party software included in our systems, salary and related overhead costs of operations personnel, freight, warranty costs and provision for excess inventory. The majority of these costs vary with the unit volumes of products sold. Cost of support and services revenue consists of salary and related overhead costs of personnel engaged in support and service activities including our technical assistance center. Cost of hosted and related services revenue consists of personnel and related costs of the hosted services, data center costs, data communication cost, costs of regulatory and telecommunications fees, carrier cost and amortization of intangible assets.

Research and development expenses.  Research and development expenses primarily include personnel costs, outside engineering costs, professional services, prototype costs, test equipment, software usage fees and facilities expenses. Research and development expenses are recognized when incurred. We have capitalized software development costs incurred during the period from the date of determination of technological feasibility through the date of general release of the product to customers. We are devoting substantial resources to the development of additional functionality for existing products and the development of new products and related software applications. We intend to continue to make investments in our research and development efforts because we believe they are essential to maintaining and improving our competitive position.

Sales and marketing expenses.  Sales and marketing expenses primarily include personnel costs, sales commissions, travel, marketing, promotional and lead generation programs, branding and advertising, trade shows, sales demonstration equipment, professional services fees, amortization of intangible assets, and facilities expenses.  We plan to continue to invest in development of our distribution channel by increasing the size of our field sales force to enable us to expand into new geographies and further increase our sales to enterprise customers.  We plan to continue investing in our domestic and international marketing activities to help build brand awareness and create sales leads for our channel partners.  We expect that sales and marketing expenses will be our largest operating expense category.
 
General and administrative expenses.  General and administrative expenses primarily relate to our executive, finance, human resources, legal and information technology organizations. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, professional fees for legal, board of directors' costs, accounting, tax, compliance and information systems, travel, recruiting expense, depreciation expense and facilities expenses.

Settlements and defense fees . Settlements and defense fees relate to one-time charges related to settlement offers made by the Company and professional fees incurred in connection with an unsolicited acquisition proposal .

Interest expense.  Interest expense primarily consists of interest expense on our debt as well as other miscellaneous items affecting our operating results.

Interest income and other (expense).  Interest income and other (expense) primarily consists of interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, gains and losses on foreign currency translations and transactions as other miscellaneous items affecting our operating results.

Provision for income taxes.  Provision for income taxes includes federal, state and foreign tax on our income as well as any adjustments made to our valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Since our inception, we have accumulated substantial net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We account for income taxes under an asset and liability approach.  Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for income tax reporting purposes, net operating loss carryforwards and other tax credits measured by applying current enacted tax laws. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. We consider our accounting policies related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, goodwill and purchased-intangible assets and accounting for income taxes to be critical accounting policies. A number of significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments are inherent in our determination of when to recognize revenue, how to estimate the best evidence of selling price for revenue recognition, the calculation of stock-based compensation expense, evaluation of the potential impairment of goodwill and purchased-intangible assets and the income tax related balances. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Management believes there have been no significant changes during the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. For a description of those accounting policies, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014.
 
Results of Operations

The following table sets forth unaudited selected condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the three and six months ended December 31 2014 and 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Revenue:
               
Product
 
$
46,913
   
$
46,557
   
$
94,620
   
$
94,239
 
Hosted and related services
   
25,763
     
21,719
     
50,654
     
42,458
 
Support and services
   
18,191
     
16,209
     
36,024
     
32,075
 
Total revenue
   
90,867
     
84,485
     
181,298
     
168,772
 
Cost of revenue:
                               
Product
   
15,613
     
16,341
     
32,392
     
32,637
 
Hosted and related services
   
15,663
     
14,078
     
31,256
     
26,611
 
Support and services
   
4,301
     
4,207
     
8,582
     
8,489
 
Total cost of revenue
   
35,577
     
34,626
     
72,230
     
67,737
 
Gross profit
   
55,290
     
49,859
     
109,068
     
101,035
 
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
   
13,272
     
12,281
     
26,933
     
25,561
 
Sales and marketing
   
29,301
     
27,355
     
58,317
     
55,021
 
General and administrative
   
10,562
     
10,398
     
20,553
     
21,027
 
Settlements and defense fees
   
8,422
     
-
     
8,422
     
-
 
Total operating expenses
   
61,557
     
50,034
     
114,225
     
101,609
 
Loss from operations
   
(6,267
)
   
(175
)
   
(5,157
)
   
(574
)
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest expense
   
(107
)
   
(205
)
   
(260
)
   
(492
)
Interest income and other (expense), net
   
(343
)
   
(334
)
   
(556
)
   
(474
)
Total other expense
   
(450
)
   
(539
)
   
(816
)
   
(966
)
Loss before provision for income tax
   
(6,717
)
   
(714
)
   
(5,973
)
   
(1,540
)
Provision for income tax
   
125
     
226
     
503
     
435
 
Net loss
 
$
(6,842
)
 
$
(940
)
 
$
(6,476
)
 
$
(1,975
)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted
 
$
(0.11
)
 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.03
)
Shares used in computing net loss per share - basic and diluted
   
63,728
     
60,809
     
63,348
     
60,177
 
 
The following table sets forth selected condensed consolidated statements of operations data as a percentage of total revenue for each of the periods indicated.
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Revenue:
               
Product
   
52
%
   
55
%
   
52
%
   
56
%
Hosted and related services
   
28
%
   
26
%
   
28
%
   
25
%
Support and services
   
20
%
   
19
%
   
20
%
   
19
%
Total revenue
   
100
%
   
100
%
   
100
%
   
100
%
Cost of revenue:
                               
Product
   
17
%
   
19
%
   
18
%
   
19
%
Hosted and related services
   
17
%
   
17
%
   
17
%
   
16
%
Support and services
   
5
%
   
5
%
   
5
%
   
5
%
Total cost of revenue
   
39
%
   
41
%
   
40
%
   
40
%
Gross profit
   
61
%
   
59
%
   
60
%
   
60
%
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
   
15
%
   
15
%
   
15
%
   
15
%
Sales and marketing
   
32
%
   
32
%
   
32
%
   
33
%
General and administrative
   
12
%
   
12
%
   
11
%
   
12
%
Settlements and defense fees
   
9
%
   
-
     
5
%
   
-
 
Total operating expenses
   
68
%
   
59
%
   
63
%
   
60
%
Loss from operations
   
(7
%)
   
-
     
(3
%)
   
-
 
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest expense
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
(1
%)
Interest income and other (expense), net
   
-
     
(1
%)
   
(1
%)
   
-
 
Total other expense
   
-
     
(1
%)
   
(1
%)
   
(1
%)
Loss before provision for income tax
   
(7
%)
   
(1
%)
   
(4
%)
   
(1
%)
Provision for income tax
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Net loss
   
(7
%)
   
(1
%)
   
(4
%)
   
(1
%)

Comparison of the three and six months ended December 31 2014 and December 31, 2013
Revenue.
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
                               
Product revenue
 
$
46,913
   
$
46,557
   
$
356
     
1
%
 
$
94,620
   
$
94,239
   
$
381
     
0
%
Hosted and related services revenue
   
25,763
     
21,719
     
4,044
     
19
%
   
50,654
     
42,458
     
8,196
     
19
%
Support and services revenue
   
18,191
     
16,209
     
1,982
     
12
%
   
36,024
     
32,075
     
3,949
     
12
%
Total revenue
 
$
90,867
   
$
84,485
   
$
6,382
     
8
%
 
$
181,298
   
$
168,772
   
$
12,526
     
7
%

Total revenue increased by $6.4 million or 8% in the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2013.

Total revenue increased by $12.5 million or 7% in the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2013.
 
Product revenue

Product revenue increased slightly to $46.9 million during the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to $46.6 million for the same period in the prior year.

Product revenue increased slightly to $94.6 million during the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to $94.2 million for the same period in the prior year.

Hosted and related services revenue

Hosted and related services revenue increased by $4.0 million or 19% and $8.2 million or 19% in the three and six months ended December 31, 2014, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases in hosted and related services revenue were primarily due to continued growth in our customer and partner base, increase in our non-recurring revenue such as installation fees and usage based telecommunications charges as well as additional increases in the use of our services from existing customers.

Support and services revenue

Support and services revenue increased by $2.0 million or 12% and $3.9 million or 12% in the three and six months ended December 31, 2014, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases in support and services revenue were primarily due to high renewal rates on maintenance contracts, increases in professional services revenue as well, as the continued expansion of our customer base resulting from sales to new customers who entered into post-contractual support agreements.

Cost of revenue and gross profit.
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
                               
Product cost of revenue
 
$
15,613
   
$
16,341
   
$
(728
)
   
(4
%)
 
$
32,392
   
$
32,637
   
$
(245
)
   
(1
%)
Hosted and related services cost of revenue
   
15,663
     
14,078
     
1,585
     
11
%
   
31,256
     
26,611
     
4,645
     
17
%
Support and services cost of revenue
   
4,301
     
4,207
     
94
     
2
%
   
8,582
     
8,489
     
93
     
1
%
Total cost of revenue
 
$
35,577
   
$
34,626
   
$
951
     
3
%
 
$
72,230
   
$
67,737
   
$
4,493
     
7
%
                                                                 
Product gross profit
 
$
31,300
   
$
30,216
   
$
1,084
     
4
%
 
$
62,228
   
$
61,602
   
$
626
     
1
%
Hosted and related services gross profit
   
10,100
     
7,641
     
2,459
     
32
%
   
19,398
     
15,847
     
3,551
     
22
%
Support and services gross profit
   
13,890
     
12,002
     
1,888
     
16
%
   
27,442
     
23,586
     
3,856
     
16
%
Total gross profit
 
$
55,290
   
$
49,859
   
$
5,431
     
11
%
 
$
109,068
   
$
101,035
   
$
8,033
     
8
%

   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
Net Change
   
2014
   
2013
   
Net Change
 
Product gross margin
   
67
%
   
65
%
   
2
%
   
66
%
   
65
%
   
1
%
Hosted and related services gross margin
   
39
%
   
35
%
   
4
%
   
38
%
   
37
%
   
1
%
Support and services gross margin
   
76
%
   
74
%
   
2
%
   
76
%
   
74
%
   
2
%
Total gross margin
   
61
%
   
59
%
   
2
%
   
60
%
   
60
%
   
-
 

The overall gross margin was 61% for the three months ended December 31, 2014 compared to 59% for the same period in the prior year.

The overall gross margin remained consistent at 60% for both the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

Product Gross Margin

Product gross margins increased slightly to 67% in the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to 65% in the same period in the prior year.  Product gross margins remained fairly consistent at 66% in the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to 65% in the same period in the prior year.  The increases from the prior periods are primarily due to product mix resulting from the introduction and related acceptance of the Company’s new 400 series phone which have a lower cost.
 
Hosted and Related Services Gross Margin

Hosted and related service gross margin increased to 39% in the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to 35% in the same period in the prior year. Hosted and related service gross margin remained relatively consistent at 38% in the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to 37% in the same period in the prior year. The increases from prior periods are primarily due to operating efficiencies gained in our deployment model and related reorganization efforts to help enhance product development of the next generation products.

As the related hosted business continues to expand and grow, we anticipate that we will realize improvements in our gross margins as we achieve synergies and other operating leverage in our service delivery platform.
 
Our hosted business service offering includes cost elements that are unique to the hosted service offering which in turn, impacts the overall hosted service and related services gross margins. Specifically, as part of our hosted service offering, we provide our customers unlimited domestic calling plans and internet service plans. To provide calling services, we purchase and resell minutes and calling plans from various national and regional telecommunication carriers. Additionally, we purchase and resell telecommunications circuits from various local and national internet service providers as a service to our customers. As a result of reselling calling plans, telecommunications circuits and providing internet data plans to our customers, we incur various regulatory charges. In addition, the hosted gross margin is impacted by the amortization of intangible assets related to the acquisition of M5 Networks, Inc. (“M5”).
 
Upon completion of our acquisition of M5, we have undertaken and plan to undertake several initiatives to create greater efficiencies in the delivery of our hosted services.  These initiatives include:
 
· Consolidation of data centers;
 
· Integration to common IP phones;
 
· Integration of our customer support services teams; and
 
· Development of our next generation products.

While we believe that through the execution of these initiatives we will improve our gross margins over time, due to the nature of the unique costs identified above and the overall timing to execute our gross margin improvement initiatives, we do not anticipate that gross margins for our hosted and related services will be commensurate with that of premise business in the short term.

Support and Services Gross Margin

Support and services gross margins increased to 76% in both the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to 74% in the same periods in the prior year. This increase was driven by synergies achieved by existing headcount which allowed lower personnel costs to support a larger customer base and generate a higher revenue amount from the same period in the prior year.

Operating expenses .

   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
                               
Research and development
 
$
13,272
   
$
12,281
   
$
991
     
8
%
 
$
26,933
   
$
25,561
   
$
1,372
     
5
%
Sales and marketing
   
29,301
     
27,355
     
1,946
     
7
%
   
58,317
     
55,021
     
3,296
     
6
%
General and administration
   
10,562
     
10,398
     
164
     
2
%
   
20,553
     
21,027
     
(474
)
   
(2
%)
Settlements and defense fees
   
8,422
     
-
     
8,422
     
100
%
   
8,422
     
-
     
8,422
     
100
%

Research and development. Research and development expenses increased by $1.0 million, or 8%, during the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in research and development expenses from the prior period was primarily due to an increase in personnel related costs including benefits and bonus of $0.8 million.

Research and development expenses increased by $1.4 million, or 5%, during the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in research and development expenses from the prior period was primarily due to an increase in personnel related costs including benefits and bonus of $0.8 million due to an increase in headcount and an increase in equipment related costs of $0.3 million.
 
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $1.9 million, or 7%, in the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily due to an increase   in personnel related costs including benefits, bonus and commissions of $1.0 million due to an increase in headcount and an increase in marketing expenses of $1.0 million primarily due to increased advertising, website costs and partner referral fees.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $3.3 million, or 6%, in the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily due to an increase   in personnel related costs including benefits, bonus and commissions of $2.2 million due to an increase in headcount and an increase in marketing expenses of $1.5 million primarily due to increased advertising costs and partner referral fees.

General and administrative.  General and administrative expenses increased slightly to $10.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2014 from $10.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2013.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.5 million or 2% in the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease in general and administrative expense was primarily due to a decrease in sales tax expense of $0.9 million, a decrease in personnel related costs including benefits and bonus of $0.8 million and a decrease in facilities costs of $0.3 million, offset by an increase in professional fees of $1.6 million.

Settlements and defense fees . Settlements and defense fees of $8.4 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 were comprised of $6.7 million related to a tentative settlement on escrow claims related to the acquisition of M5, $1.1 million related to an Internal Revenue Service proposed adjustment for the 2008 through 2012 tax years and $0.6 million in professional fees incurred in connection with an unsolicited acquisition proposal . The $6.7 million related to a tentative settlement on escrow claims was comprised of a $3.6 million impairment of the indemnification asset charge, a $2.5 million accrual for professional fee reimbursement and a $0.6 million modification accounting charge related to the change in fair value of foregone stock per the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between M5 and the Company . There were no corresponding charges for the three and six months ended December 31, 2013.

Other income (expense), net.
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
                               
Interest expense
 
$
(107
)
 
$
(205
)
 
$
(98
)
   
(48
%)
 
$
(260
)
 
$
(492
)
 
$
(232
)
   
(47
%)
Interest income and other (expense), net
   
(343
)
   
(334
)
   
9
     
3
%
   
(556
)
   
(474
)
   
82
     
17
%

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased by $0.1 million or 48% in the three months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year.  Interest expense decreased by $0.2 million or 47% in the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year. These decreases were primarily due to lower outstanding borrowings under our line of credit agreement during the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the three and six months ended December 31, 2013.

Interest income and other (expense), net. Interest income and other (expense), net, remained consistent at $0.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. Interest income and other (expense), net, increased by $0.1 million or 17% in the six months ended December 31, 2014 as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of an increase in our foreign exchange loss due to the weakening of certain foreign currencies in which we transact against the US dollar.
 
Provision for income tax.
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
   
2014
   
2013
   
Change $
   
Change %
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
                               
Provision for income tax
 
$
125
   
$
226
   
$
(101
)
   
(45
%)
 
$
503
   
$
435
   
$
68
     
16
%
 
Provision for income tax. The provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was primarily related to federal Alternative Minimum Tax, state and foreign income tax expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Balance Sheet and Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments (in thousands):

   
December 31,
   
June 30,
   
Increase/
 
   
2014
   
2014
   
(Decrease)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
67,427
   
$
53,472
   
$
13,955
 
Short-term investments
   
8,255
     
2,673
     
5,582
 
Total
 
$
75,682
   
$
56,145
   
$
19,537
 
 
As of December 31, 2014, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $75.7 million, accounts receivable of $31.4 million and the balance of $93.4 million available for borrowing under our New Credit Facility.

On October 22, 2014, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“New Credit Facility”) which provides for a revolving loan facility for an aggregate principal amount not exceeding $100.0 million. The New Credit Facility amended and restated the prior credit facility. The New Credit Facility matures on the fifth anniversary of its closing (October 22, 2019) and is payable in full upon maturity. The amounts borrowed and repaid under the New Credit Facility are available for future borrowings. The New Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2014, no amounts were outstanding under the New Credit Facility.

The borrowings under the New Credit Facility accrue interest (at our election) either at (i) the London interbank offered rate then in effect, plus a margin of between 1.50% and 2.25%, which is based on our consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the New Credit Facility), or (ii) the higher of (a) the bank’s publicly-announced prime rate then in effect and (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, in each case of (a) or (b), plus a margin of between 0.00% and 0.50%, which will be based upon our consolidated EBITDA. We also pay annual commitment fees during the term of the New Credit Facility which varies depending on our consolidated EBITDA. The New Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of our assets.

Historically, our principal uses of cash have consisted of the purchase of finished goods inventory from our contract manufacturers, payroll and other operating expenses related to the development and marketing of our new products, purchases of property and equipment and acquisitions.
 
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities, the addition of new business initiatives, the timing and extent of our expansion into new territories, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, the continuing market acceptance of our products and acquisition and licensing activities. We may enter into agreements relating to potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses or technologies in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. If needed, additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. We believe that the available amounts under the line of credit together with our cash flows from our operations will be sufficient to fund our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.
 
The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the stated periods (in thousands):

   
Six Months Ended
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2014
   
2013
 
Cash provided by operating activities
 
$
22,885
   
$
27,767
 
Cash used in investing activities
   
(12,219
)
   
(4,853
)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
   
3,289
     
(14,463
)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
13,955
   
$
8,451
 

  Cash flows from operating activities

Net loss during the six months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 included non-cash charges of $4.6 million and $4.2 million in stock-based compensation expense, respectively, depreciation and amortization of $9.7 million and $8.9 million, respectively. Net loss during the six months ended December 31, 2014 included a charge related to the impairment of the indemnification asset of $3.6 million with no corresponding charge in the six months ended December 31, 2013.

 Cash provided by operating activities of $22.9 million during the six months ended December 31, 2014 reflects net changes in operating assets and liabilities, which provided $10.8 million of cash consisting primarily of a decrease in inventory of $7.3 million, an decrease in accounts receivable of $2.3 million due to improved collections, an increase in accrued liabilities and other of $6.4 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $3.9 million. These cash inflows were partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $3.2 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $3.0 million, a decrease in accrued taxes and surcharges of $2.1 million and a decrease in accrued employee compensation of $1.1 million.

Cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended December 31, 2013 also reflects net changes in operating assets and liabilities, which provided $16.1 million of cash consisting primarily of a decrease in accounts receivable of $6.2 million due to improved collections, an increase in accounts payable of $3.8 million, an increase in accrued liabilities related to employee compensation of $2.2 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $5.7 million. These cash inflows were offset by a decrease in accrued and other liabilities of $2.4 million.

Cash flows from investing activities

We have classified our investment portfolio as “available for sale,” and our investments are made with a policy of capital preservation and liquidity as the primary objectives. We may hold investments to maturity; however, we may sell an investment at any time if the quality rating of the investment declines, the yield on the investment is no longer attractive or we are in need of cash.

Net cash used in investing activities was $12.2 million during the six months ended December 31, 2014 primarily related to the purchase of short-term investments of $7.9 million, the purchase of property and equipment of $5.5 million and the purchases of patents, technology and internally developed software of $1.1 million, offset by $2.3 million in proceeds from maturities of our short term investments.

Net cash used in investing activities was $4.9 million during the six months ended December 31, 2013 primarily related to the purchase of property and equipment of $7.2 million offset by $2.3 million in proceeds from maturities of our short term investments.
 
Cash flows from financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $3.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2014. During the six months ended December 31, 2014, we received $5.2 million from the exercise of stock options, offset by the payment of $1.0 million associated with employee tax obligations on the vesting of restricted stock units, the payment of $0.6 million of financing costs associated with the New Credit Facility and the payment of $0.3 million in relation to our capital leases.
 
Net cash used in financing activities was $14.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2013. In the six months ended December 31, 2013, we made repayments of $20.0 million under our Credit Facility, paid $0.5 million associated with employee tax obligations on the vesting of restricted stock units, paid $0.8 million in relation to our capital leases, offset by the receipt of $6.9 million from the exercise of stock options.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements (other than those disclosed below within the Contractual obligations and commitments section) nor do we have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Contractual obligations and commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2014 and the effect that such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods:
 
   
Payments Due by Period
 
(In thousands)
 
Total
   
Less Than
1 Year
   
1-3 Years
   
3-5 Years
   
Thereafter
 
Operating lease obligations
 
$
28,626
   
$
5,984
   
$
11,626
   
$
9,136
   
$
1,880
 
Capital lease obligations
   
127
     
95
     
32
     
-
     
-
 
Line of credit
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Non-cancellable purchase commitments (inventory and software licenses)
   
21,102
     
20,860
     
242
     
-
     
-
 
Outstanding letters of credit
   
635
     
635
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Total
 
$
50,490
   
$
27,574
   
$
11,900
   
$
9,136
   
$
1,880
 

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In the normal course of our business, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in conducting business globally in foreign currencies. We are primarily exposed to foreign currency fluctuations related to collections from accounts receivable balances and cash in banks that are denominated in the Australian dollar, British pound, Canadian dollar and the Euro. We use relatively short-term foreign currency forward contracts   to minimize the risk associated with the foreign exchange effects of the losses and gains of the related foreign currency denominated exposures. We recognize the gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts in the same period as the losses and gains of the related foreign currency denominated exposures. The gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts mitigate the effect of currency movements on our cash and accounts receivable balances. As of December 31, 2014, a 10% change in the applicable foreign exchange rates would result in an increase or decrease in our pretax earnings of approximately $0.6 million.

We do not have any material changes in the market risk and the interest rate risk disclosure included in the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
 
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM  1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
See Note 12 to the Financial Statements.
 
ITEM  1A. RISK FACTORS
 
There were no material changes in our risk factors as described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014.
 
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
None.
 
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None.
 
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
 
See Index to Exhibits following the signature page to this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference herein.
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date: February 6, 2015
 
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
 
 
 
By:
/s/    Michael E. Healy
 
 
 
Michael E. Healy
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)
 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Title
   
$100,000,000 Senior Secured Credit Facilities Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of October 22, 2014 among the Company, the lenders named therein and Silicon Valley Bank and Amendment Letter dated as of December 1, 2014
   
Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement dated as of October 22, 2014.
   
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
   
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
   
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
   
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
   
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
 
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
   
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
   
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 
+
Management Compensatory Plan or Arrangement

(1) This certification accompanying this report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
 
 
33


EXHIBIT 10.1
 
EXECUTION VERSION
 
SILICON VALLEY BANK
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT
 
$100,000,000 SENIOR SECURED CREDIT FACILITIES
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT
 
dated as of October 22, 2014,
 
among
 
SHORETEL, INC.
 
as the Borrower,
 
THE LENDERS PARTY HERETO FROM TIME TO TIME,
 
and
 
SILICON VALLEY BANK,
 
as Administrative Agent, Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender,
 
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. and SUNTRUST BANK ,
 
as Co-Syndication Agents,
 
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. ,
 
as Documentation Agent,
 
SILICON VALLEY BANK, J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC and
SUNTRUST ROBINSON HUMPHREY, INC. ,
 
as Joint Lead Arrangers and
 
SILICON VALLEY BANK, J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC and
SUNTRUST ROBINSON HUMPHREY, INC. ,
 
as Joint Book Managers
 

Table of Contents

   
Page
     
SECTION 1
DEFINITIONS
2
 
1.1
Defined Terms
2
 
1.2
Other Definitional Provisions
34
 
SECTION 2
AMOUNT AND TERMS OF COMMITMENTS
35
 
2.1
Revolving Commitments
35
 
2.2
Procedure for Revolving Loan Borrowing
36
 
2.3
Swingline Commitment
36
 
2.4
Procedure for Swingline Borrowing; Refunding of Swingline Loans
37
 
2.5
Reserved
38
 
2.6
Fees
38
 
2.7
Termination or Reduction of Total Revolving Commitments; Total L/C Commitments
39
 
2.8
Optional Loan Prepayments
40
 
2.9
Reserved
40
 
2.10
Conversion and Continuation Options
40
 
2.11
Limitations on Eurodollar Tranches
40
 
2.12
Interest Rates and Payment Dates
41
 
2.13
Computation of Interest and Fees
41
 
2.14
Inability to Determine Interest Rate
41
 
2.15
Pro Rata Treatment and Payments
42
 
2.16
Illegality; Requirements of Law
44
 
2.17
Taxes
46
 
2.18
Indemnity
50
 
2.19
Change of Lending Office
50
 
2.20
Substitution of Lenders
50
 
2.21
Defaulting Lenders
51
 
2.22
Notes
54
 
SECTION 3
LETTERS OF CREDIT
54
 
3.1
L/C Commitment
54
 
3.2
Procedure for Issuance of Letters of Credit
55
 
3.3
Fees and Other Charges
55
 
3.4
L/C Participations; Existing Letters of Credit
56
 
3.5
Reimbursement
57
 
-i-


Table of Contents
(continued)

   
Page
     
3.6
Obligations Absolute
57
 
3.7
Letter of Credit Payments
58
 
3.8
Applications
58
 
3.9
Interim Interest
58
 
3.10
Cash Collateral
58
 
3.11
Additional Issuing Lenders
59
 
3.12
Resignation of the Issuing Lender
60
 
3.13
Applicability of ISP
60
 
SECTION 4
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
60
 
4.1
Financial Condition
60
 
4.2
No Change
61
 
4.3
Existence; Compliance with Law
61
 
4.4
Power, Authorization; Enforceable Obligations
61
 
4.5
No Legal Bar
61
 
4.6
Litigation
62
 
4.7
No Default
62
 
4.8
Ownership of Property; Liens; Investments
62
 
4.9
Intellectual Property
62
 
4.10
Taxes
62
 
4.11
Federal Regulations
63
 
4.12
Labor Matters
63
 
4.13
ERISA
63
 
4.14
Investment Company Act; Other Regulations
64
 
4.15
Subsidiaries
64
 
4.16
Use of Proceeds
64
 
4.17
Environmental Matters
64
 
4.18
Accuracy of Information, Etc
65
 
4.19
Security Documents
65
 
4.20
Solvency
66
 
4.21
Designated Senior Indebtedness
66
 
4.22
Reserved
66
 
4.23
Insurance
66
 
-ii-

Table of Contents
(continued)

   
Page
     
4.24
No Casualty
66
 
4.25
OFAC
66
 
4.26
Anti-Corruption Laws
66
 
SECTION 5
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
66
 
5.1
Conditions to Initial Extension of Credit
66
 
5.2
Conditions to Each Extension of Credit
70
 
5.3
Post-Closing Conditions Subsequent
71
 
SECTION 6
AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
71
 
6.1
Financial Statements
71
 
6.2
Certificates; Reports; Other Information
72
 
6.3
Reserved
74
 
6.4
Payment of Obligations; Taxes
74
 
6.5
Maintenance of Existence; Compliance
74
 
6.6
Maintenance of Property; Insurance
75
 
6.7
Inspection of Property; Books and Records; Discussions
75
 
6.8
Notices
75
 
6.9
Environmental Laws
76
 
6.10
Reserved
76
 
6.11
Audits
76
 
6.12
Additional Collateral, Etc
77
 
6.13
Insider Subordinated Indebtedness
78
 
6.14
Use of Proceeds
78
 
6.15
Designated Senior Indebtedness
78
 
6.16
Anti-Corruption Laws
78
 
6.17
Further Assurances
78
 
SECTION 7
NEGATIVE COVENANTS
79
 
7.1
Financial Condition Covenants
79
 
7.2
Indebtedness
79
 
7.3
Liens
81
 
7.4
Fundamental Changes
82
 
7.5
Disposition of Property
83
 
7.6
Restricted Payments
84
 
-iii-

Table of Contents
(continued)

   
Page
     
7.7
Reserved
85
 
7.8
Investments
85
 
7.9
ERISA
87
 
7.10
Optional Payments and Modifications of Certain Preferred Stock and Subordinated Indebtedness
88
 
7.11
Transactions with Affiliates
88
 
7.12
Sale Leaseback Transactions
88
 
7.13
Swap Agreements
88
 
7.14
Accounting Changes
88
 
7.15
Negative Pledge Clauses
88
 
7.16
Clauses Restricting Subsidiary Distributions
89
 
7.17
Lines of Business
89
 
7.18
Designation of other Indebtedness
89
 
7.19
Amendments to Initial Acquisition Documentation or Documentation for any Permitted Acquisition
89
 
7.20
Amendments to Organizational Agreements and Material Contracts
89
 
7.21
Use of Proceeds
89
 
7.22
Subordinated Indebtedness
90
 
7.23
Restricted Investment Accounts
90
 
7.24
Sanctions
90
 
7.25
Anti-Corruption Laws
90
 
SECTION 8
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
90
 
8.1
Events of Default
90
 
8.2
Remedies Upon Event of Default
93
 
8.3
Application of Funds
94
 
SECTION 9
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
95
 
9.1
Appointment and Authority
95
 
9.2
Delegation of Duties
96
 
9.3
Exculpatory Provisions
96
 
9.4
Reliance by Administrative Agent
97
 
9.5
Notice of Default
98
 
9.6
Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders
98
 
9.7
Indemnification
99
 
-iv-

Table of Contents
(continued)

   
Page
     
9.8
Agent in Its Individual Capacity
99
 
9.9
Successor Administrative Agent
99
 
9.10
Collateral and Guaranty Matters
100
 
9.11
Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim
101
 
9.12
No Other Duties, Etc
101
 
9.13
Survival
101
 
SECTION 10
MISCELLANEOUS
102
 
10.1
Amendments and Waivers
102
 
10.2
Notices
103
 
10.3
No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies
105
 
10.4
Survival of Representations and Warranties
105
 
10.5
Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver
105
 
10.6
Successors and Assigns; Participations and Assignments
107
 
10.7
Adjustments; Set-off
111
 
10.8
Payments Set Aside
112
 
10.9
Interest Rate Limitation
112
 
10.10
Counterparts; Electronic Execution of Assignments
112
 
10.11
Severability
113
 
10.12
Integration
113
 
10.13
GOVERNING LAW
113
 
10.14
Submission to Jurisdiction; Waivers
113
 
10.15
Acknowledgements
114
 
10.16
Releases of Guarantees and Liens
115
 
10.17
Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality
115
 
10.18
Automatic Debits
116
 
10.19
Judgment Currency
116
 
10.20
Patriot Act
117
 
10.21
Termination
117
 
10.22
Amendment and Restatement Matters
117
 
-v-

SCHEDULES
 
Schedule 1.1A:
Commitments
Schedule 1.1B:
Existing Letters of Credit
Schedule 4.4:
Governmental Approvals, Consents, Authorizations, Filings and Notices
Schedule 4.5:
Requirements of Law
Schedule 4.6:
Litigation
Schedule 4.9:
Ownership of Intellectual Property; Infringement; Claims; Etc.
Schedule 4.15:
Subsidiaries
Schedule 4.17:
Environmental Matters
Schedule 4.19(a):
Financing Statements and Other Filings
Schedule 4.19(b):
Group Members Having Issued Capital Stock that are Certificated Securities
Schedule 7.2(d):
Existing Indebtedness
Schedule 7.3(f):
Existing Liens
Schedule 7.8
Existing Investments
 
EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit A:
Form of Amended and Restated Guarantor and Collateral Agreement
Exhibit B:
Form of Compliance Certificate
Exhibit C:
Form of [Secretary’s][Managing Member’s] Certificate
Exhibit D:
Form of Solvency Certificate
Exhibit E:
Form of Assignment and Assumption
Exhibits F-1 – F-4:
Forms of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificates
Exhibit G:
Form of Addendum
Exhibit H-1:
Form of Revolving Loan Note
Exhibit H-2:
Form of Swingline Loan Note
Exhibit I:
Reserved
Exhibit J:
Reserved
Exhibit K:
Form of Notice of Borrowing
Exhibit L:
Form of Notice of Conversion/Continuation
 
-vi-


AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT
 
THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of October 22, 2014, is entered into by and among SHORETEL, INC. , a Delaware corporation (the “ Borrower ”), the banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to this Agreement (each a “ Lender ” and, collectively, the “ Lenders ”), SILICON VALLEY BANK , as the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender (as such terms are defined below), and SILICON VALLEY BANK (“ SVB ”), as administrative agent and collateral agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, the “ Administrative Agent ”).
 
RECITALS
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower, the lenders party thereto and SVB, in its capacity as Administrative Agent thereunder (in such capacity, the “Existing Agent” ) are party to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2012, as amended prior to the date hereof (as so amended, the “Existing Credit Agreement” ), pursuant to which the lenders party thereto provided a revolving credit facility (the “Existing Credit Facility” ), the obligations under such Existing Credit Facility being secured by the collateral granted under that certain Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2012 (the “Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement” , among the Borrower, the other Grantors party thereto, and the Existing Agent (as agent for the Secured Parties, as defined therein);
 
WHEREAS , the Borrower desires to amend and restate the Existing Credit Agreement pursuant to this Agreement and, in connection therewith, to obtain financing for Permitted Acquisitions as well as for general corporate purposes and letter of credit facilities;
 
WHEREAS , the Administrative Agent and the Lenders have agreed to amend and restate the Existing Credit Agreement and the Lenders have agreed to extend certain credit facilities to the Borrower, upon the terms and conditions specified in this Agreement, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $100,000,000, consisting of a revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100,000,000, a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $10,000,000 (as a sublimit of the revolving loan facility); and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $5,000,000 (as a sublimit of the revolving loan facility); and
 
WHEREAS , this Agreement amends, restates, supersedes and replaces in its entirety the Existing Credit Agreement, and is not intended to, and will not, act as a novation of the Obligations and other indebtedness, liabilities and obligations thereunder;
 
WHEREAS , each Loan Party has agreed to secure all of the Obligations of the Loan Parties by amending and restating the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and by entering into certain other Security Documents affirming the grant (with respect to the Loan Parties that were parties to the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) and to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a first priority lien (subject to Liens permitted by the Loan Documents) in substantially all of its respective personal property assets (other than any Excluded Assets) pursuant to the terms of an amended and restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement (which, for the avoidance of doubt, is an amendment and restatement of the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) and the other Security Documents.
 
WHEREAS , the amended and restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement amends, restates, supersedes and replaces in its entirety the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, and is not intended to, and will not, act as a novation of the grant of Liens and of the other indebtedness, liabilities and obligations thereunder;
 
1

NOW, THEREFORE , the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
 
SECTION 1

DEFINITIONS
 
1.1          Defined Terms .  As used in this Agreement (including the recitals hereof), the terms listed in this Section 1.1 shall have the respective meanings set forth in this Section 1.1 .
 
ABR ”:  for any day, a rate per annum equal to the higher of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day and (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate in effect for such day plus 0.50%.  Any change in the ABR due to a change in the Prime Rate or the Federal Funds Effective Rate shall be effective as of the opening of business on the effective day of such change in the Prime Rate or the Federal Funds Effective Rate.
 
ABR Loans ”:  Loans, the rate of interest applicable to which is based upon the ABR.
 
Accounts ”:  all “accounts” (as defined in the UCC) of a Person, including, without limitation, accounts, accounts receivable, monies due or to become due and obligations in any form (whether arising in connection with contracts, contract rights, instruments, general intangibles, or chattel paper), in each case whether arising out of goods sold or services rendered or from any other transaction and whether or not earned by performance, now or hereafter in existence, and all documents of title or other documents representing any of the foregoing, and all collateral security and guaranties of any kind, now or hereafter in existence, given by any Person with respect to any of the foregoing.  Unless otherwise stated, the term “Account,” when used herein, shall mean an Account of the Borrower.
 
Addendum ”:  an instrument, substantially in the form of Exhibit G , by which a Lender becomes a party to this Agreement.
 
Administrative Agent ”:  SVB, as the administrative agent under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with any of its successors in such capacity.
 
Affected Lender ”:  as defined in Section 2.20 .
 
Affiliate ”:  with respect to a specified Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person specified.
 
Agent Parties ”:  is defined in Section 10.2(d)(ii) .
 
Aggregate Exposure ”:  with respect to any Lender at any time, an amount equal to the sum of (a) the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then in effect or, if the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding plus (b) without duplication of clause (a), the L/C Commitment of such Lender then in effect (as a sublimit of the Revolving Commitment of such Lender).
 
Aggregate Exposure Percentage ”:  with respect to any Lender at any time, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of such Lender’s Aggregate Exposure at such time to the Aggregate Exposure of all Lenders at such time.
 
Agreement ”:  as defined in the preamble hereto.
 
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Agreement Currency ”:  as defined in Section 10.19 .
 
 “ Applicable Margin ”:  the rate per annum set forth under the relevant column heading below:
 
REVOLVING LOANS
 
Level
Consolidated Leverage Ratio
Eurodollar Loans
ABR Loans
I
> 2.50:1.00
2.250%
0.500%
II
> 2.00:1.00 but < 2.50:1.00
2.000%
0.250%
III
> 1.50:1.00 but < 2.00:1.00
1.750%
0.000%
IV
< 1.50:1.00
1.500%
0.000%

SWINGLINE LOANS
 
Level
Consolidated Leverage Ratio
Swingline Loans
I
> 2.50:1.00
0.500%
II
> 2.00:1.00 but < 2.50:1.00
0.250%
III
> 1.50:1.00 but < 2.00:1.00
0.000%
IV
< 1.50:1.00
0.000%

LETTER OF CREDIT FEES
 
Level
Consolidated Leverage Ratio
Letters of Credit
I
> 2.50:1.00
2.250%
II
> 2.00:1.00 but < 2.50:1.00
2.000%
III
> 1.50:1.00 but < 2.00:1.00
1.750%
IV
< 1.50:1.00
1.500%

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) until the delivery of the first Compliance Certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 6.2(b) , the Applicable Margin shall be the rates corresponding to Level IV in the foregoing table, (b) if the Borrower fails to deliver the financial statements required by Section 6.1 and the related Compliance Certificate required by Section 6.2(b) by the respective date required thereunder after the end of any related fiscal quarter of the Borrower, the Applicable Margin shall be the rates corresponding to Level I in the foregoing table until such financial statements and Compliance Certificate are delivered, and (c) no reduction to the Applicable Margin shall become effective at any time when an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.
 
If, as a result of any restatement of or other adjustment to the financial statements of the Loan Parties or for any other reason, the Administrative Agent determines that (x) the Consolidated Leverage Ratio as calculated by the Borrower as of any applicable date was inaccurate and (y) a proper calculation of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio would have resulted in different pricing for any period, then (i) if the proper calculation of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio would have resulted in higher pricing for such period, the Borrower shall automatically and retroactively be obligated to pay to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the applicable Lenders, promptly on demand by the Administrative Agent, an amount equal to the excess of the amount of interest and fees that should have been paid for such period over the amount of interest and fees actually paid for such period; and (ii) if the proper calculation of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio would have resulted in lower pricing for such period, neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall have any obligation to repay any interest or fees to the Borrower.
 
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Application ”:  an application, in such form as the Issuing Lender may specify from time to time, requesting the Issuing Lender to issue a Letter of Credit.
 
Approved Fund ”:  any Fund that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender, or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender.
 
Asset Sale ”:  any Disposition of property or series of related Dispositions of property (excluding any such Disposition of property permitted by clauses (a) through (o) (other than clause (l) of Section 7.5 ) that yields gross proceeds to any Group Member (valued at the initial principal amount thereof in the case of non-cash proceeds consisting of notes or other debt securities and valued at fair market value in the case of other non-cash proceeds) in excess of $500,000.
 
Assignee Group ”:  two or more Eligible Assignees that are Affiliates of one another or two or more Approved Funds managed by the same investment advisor.
 
Assignment and Assumption ”:  an assignment and assumption entered into by a Lender and an Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 10.6 ), and accepted by the Administrative Agent, in substantially the form of Exhibit E or any other form (including electronic documentation generated by an electronic platform) approved by the Administrative Agent.
 
Assumption Agreement ”:  an Assumption Agreement in substantially the form set forth at Annex 1 to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.
 
Available Revolving Commitments ”:  at any time, an amount equal to (a) the Total Revolving Commitments in effect at such time minus (b) the aggregate undrawn amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit at such time, minus (c) the aggregate amount of all L/C Disbursements that have not yet been reimbursed or converted into Revolving Loans at such time, minus (d) the aggregate principal balance of any Revolving Loans outstanding at such time, minus (e) the aggregate principal balance of outstanding Swingline Loans that have not been converted into Revolving Loans at such time; provided that for purposes of calculating any Lender’s Revolving Extensions of Credit for the purpose of determining such Lender’s Available Revolving Commitment pursuant to Section 2.6(b) , the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans then outstanding shall be deemed to be zero.
 
Average Unused Total Revolving Commitments ”:  as defined in Section 2.6(b) .
 
Bank Services ”:  any products, credit services and/or financial accommodations previously, now, or hereafter provided to any Group Member by any Bank Services Provider, including any letters of credit (other than any Letters of Credit provided for the account of the Borrower hereunder), cash management services (including merchant services, direct deposit payroll, business credit cards and check cashing services), interest rate swap arrangements (other than to the extent constituting Specified Swap Agreements), and foreign exchange services (including with respect to FX Contracts), as any such products or services may be identified in any such Bank Service Provider’s various agreements related thereto (each, a “ Bank Services Agreement ”).
 
Bank Services Agreement ”:  as defined in the definition of “Bank Services.”
 
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Bank Services Provider ”:  any Person that (a) at the time it enters into a Bank Services Agreement, is a Lender or an Affiliate of a Lender, or (b) at the time it (or its Affiliate) becomes a Lender, is a party to a Bank Services Agreement, in each case, in its capacity as a party to such Bank Services Agreement.
 
Bankruptcy Code ”:  Title 11 of the United States Code entitled “Bankruptcy.”
 
Benefitted Lender ”:  as defined in Section 10.7(a) .
 
Board ”:  the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States (or any successor).
 
Borrower ”:  as defined in the preamble hereto.
 
Borrowing Date ”:  any Business Day specified by the Borrower in a Notice of Borrowing as a date on which the Borrower requests the relevant Lenders to make Loans hereunder.
 
Business ”:  as defined in Section 4.17(b) .
 
Business Day ”:  a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in the State of California are authorized or required by law to close; provided that with respect to notices and determinations in connection with, and payments of principal and interest on, Eurodollar Loans, such day is also a day for trading by and between banks in Dollar deposits in the interbank eurodollar market.
 
Capital Lease Obligations ”:  as to any Person, the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any lease of (or other arrangement conveying the right to use) real or personal property, or a combination thereof, which obligations are required to be classified and accounted for as capital leases on a balance sheet of such Person under GAAP and, for the purposes of this Agreement, the amount of such obligations at any time shall be the capitalized amount thereof at such time determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
Capital Stock ”:  any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock of a corporation, any and all equivalent ownership interests in a Person (other than a corporation) and any and all warrants, rights or options to purchase any of the foregoing; provided , however , that any Indebtedness convertible into Equity Interests shall not constitute Capital Stock prior to the date of any applicable conversion.
 
Cash Collateralize ”:  to deposit in a Controlled Account or to pledge and deposit with or deliver to (a) with respect to Obligations in respect of Letters of Credit, the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Issuing Lender and one or more of the Lenders, as applicable, as collateral for L/C Exposure or obligations of the Lenders to fund participations in respect thereof, cash or Deposit Account balances having an aggregate value of at least 105% of the L/C Exposure or, if the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender shall agree in their sole discretion, other credit support, in each case pursuant to documentation in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and such Issuing Lender; (b) with respect to Obligations arising under any Bank Services Agreement in connection with Bank Services, to the applicable Bank Services Provider, cash or Deposit Account balances having an aggregate value of at least 105% of the aggregate amount of the Obligations of the Group Members arising under all such Bank Services Agreements evidencing such Bank Services; or (c) with respect to Obligations in respect of any Specified Swap Agreements, the applicable Qualified Counterparty, as Collateral for such Obligations, cash or Deposit Account balances or, if such Qualified Counterparty shall agree in its sole discretion, other credit support, in each case pursuant to documentation in form and substance satisfactory to such Qualified Counterparty.  “ Cash Collateral ” shall have a meaning correlative to the foregoing and shall include the proceeds of such cash collateral and other credit support.
 
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Cash Equivalents ”:  (a) marketable direct obligations issued by, or unconditionally guaranteed by, the United States Government or issued by any agency thereof and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in each case maturing within fifteen months from the date of acquisition; (b) certificates of deposit, time deposits, eurodollar time deposits or overnight bank deposits having maturities of one year or less from the date of acquisition issued by any Lender or by any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof having combined capital and surplus of not less than $250,000,000; (c) commercial paper of an issuer rated at least A-1 by S&P or P-1 by Moody’s, or carrying an equivalent rating by a nationally recognized rating agency, if both of the two named rating agencies cease publishing ratings of commercial paper issuers generally, and maturing within six months from the date of acquisition; (d) repurchase obligations of any Lender or of any commercial bank satisfying the requirements of clause (b) of this definition, having a term of not more than 30 days, with respect to securities issued or fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government; (e) securities with maturities of one year or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States, by any political subdivision or taxing authority of any such state, commonwealth or territory or by any foreign government, the securities of which state, commonwealth, territory, political subdivision, taxing authority or foreign government (as the case may be) are rated at least A by S&P or A by Moody’s; (f) securities with maturities of one year or less from the date of acquisition backed by standby letters of credit issued by any Lender or any commercial bank satisfying the requirements of clause (b) of this definition; (g) debt securities issued by corporate issuers (i) which are rated at least A by S&P or A by Moody’s, (ii) which mature not later than fifteen months from the date of acquisition, and (iii) which constitute investments made by the Borrower in accordance with its official investment policy (as the same shall be amended from time to time), (h) money market mutual or similar funds that invest exclusively in assets satisfying the requirements of clauses (a) through (g) of this definition, and assets of comparable quality (as reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent); or (h) money market funds that (i) comply with the criteria set forth in SEC Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (ii) are rated AAA by S&P and Aaa by Moody’s and (iii) have portfolio assets of at least $5,000,000,000.
 
Casualty Event ”:  any damage to or any destruction of, or any condemnation or other taking by any Governmental Authority of any property of the Loan Parties.
 
Certificated Securities ”:  as defined in Section 4.19 .
 
Change of Control ”:  (a) at any time, any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”)), shall become, or obtain rights (whether by means or warrants, options or otherwise) to become, the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13(d)-3 and 13(d)‑5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of 35% or more of the ordinary voting power for the election of directors of the Borrower (determined on a fully diluted basis); (b) during any period of 24 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors or other equivalent governing body of the Borrower cease to be composed of individuals (disregarding individuals who cease to serve due to death or disability and who are not replaced) (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body (excluding, in the case of both clause (ii) and clause (iii), any individual whose initial nomination for, or assumption of office as, a member of that board or equivalent governing body occurs as a result of an actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents for the election or removal of one or more directors by any person or group other than a solicitation for the election of one or more directors by or on behalf of the board of directors); or (c) at any time, the Borrower shall cease to own and control, of record and beneficially, directly or indirectly, 100% of each class of outstanding Capital Stock of each Guarantor free and clear of all Liens (except Liens permitted by Section 7.3 and other than as a result of a Disposition permitted by Section 7.5 or a merger, consolidation or amalgamation permitted by Section 7.4 , in any such case, as a result of which such Guarantor ceases to be a Subsidiary).
 
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Closing Date ”:  the date on which all of the conditions precedent set forth in Section 5.1 are satisfied or waived by the Administrative Agent and, as applicable, the Lenders or the Required Lenders.
 
Code ”:  the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
 
Collateral ”:  all property of the Loan Parties, now owned or hereafter acquired, upon which a Lien is purported to be created by any Security Document.  Notwithstanding the foregoing or any contrary provision contained herein or in any other Loan Document, no Excluded Asset (as such term is defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) shall constitute “Collateral.”
 
Collateral Information Certificate ”:  the Collateral Information Certificate executed and delivered by the Loan Parties pursuant to Section 5.1 , which certificate shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
Collateral-Related Expenses ”:  all costs and expenses of the Administrative Agent paid or incurred in connection with any sale, collection or other realization on the Collateral, including reasonable compensation to the Administrative Agent and its agents and counsel, and reimbursement for all other costs, expenses and liabilities and advances made or incurred by the Administrative Agent in connection therewith (including as described in Section 6.6 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement), and all amounts for which the Administrative Agent is entitled to indemnification under the Security Documents and all advances made by the Administrative Agent under the Security Documents for the account of any Loan Party.
 
Commitment ”:  as to any Lender, the amount of its Revolving Commitment.
 
Commitment Fee ”:  as defined in Section 2.6(b) .
 
Commitment Fee Rate ”:  the rate per annum set forth under the relevant column heading below:
 
Level
Consolidated Leverage
Ratio
Commitment Fee Rate when
Average Unused Total
Revolving Commitments
equals or exceeds 50% of the
Total Revolving Commitments
Commitment Fee Rate when
Average Unused Total Revolving
Commitments is less than 50% of
the Total Revolving
Commitments
I
> 2.50:1.00
0.375%
0.400%
II
> 2.00:1.00 but < 2.50:1.00
0.350%
0.350%
III
> 1.50:1.00 but < 2.00:1.00
0.300%
0.300%
IV
< 1.50:1.00
0.200%
0.250%

Commitment Letter ”:  the Commitment Letter (including the Summary of Terms attached thereto), dated August 25, 2014, between the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
 
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Commodity Exchange Act ”:  the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. Section 1 et seq. ), as amended from time to time, and any successor statute.
 
Communications ”:  is defined in Section 10.2(d)(ii) .
 
Compliance Certificate ”:  a certificate duly executed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower substantially in the form of Exhibit B .
 
Connection Income Taxes ”:  Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes.
 
Consolidated Capital Expenditures ”:  for any period, with respect to the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries, the aggregate of all expenditures (whether paid in cash or other consideration or accrued as a liability and including that portion of Capital Lease Obligations which is capitalized on the consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower) by such Group Members during such period for the acquisition or leasing (pursuant to a capital lease) of fixed or capital assets or additions to equipment (including replacements, capitalized repairs and improvements during such period) that, in conformity with GAAP, are included in “additions to property, plant or equipment” or comparable items reflected in the consolidated statement of cash flows of the Borrower; provided that “Consolidated Capital Expenditures” shall not include (a) expenditures in respect of normal replacements and maintenance which are properly charged to current operations, (b) expenditures made in connection with the replacement, substitution or restoration of assets to the extent financed (i) from insurance proceeds paid on account of the loss of or damage to the assets being replaced or restored or (ii) with awards of compensation arising from the taking by eminent domain or condemnation of the assets being replaced, or (c) expenditures made as a tenant as leasehold improvements during such period to the extent reimbursed by the landlord during such period.
 
Consolidated EBITDA ”:  with respect to the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower and with reference to any measurement period ending on such date, (a) the sum , without duplication, of the amounts for such period of (i) Consolidated Net Income, plus (ii) Consolidated Interest Expense, plus (iii) provision for income tax (as reported in accordance with GAAP), plus (iv) total depreciation expense, plus (v) total amortization expense, plus (vi) fees and out-of-pocket transaction costs and expenses paid by the Loan Parties during such fiscal quarter (and reducing Consolidated Net Income for such fiscal quarter) in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, provided that the aggregate amount of all such fees, costs and expenses paid in cash considered for purposes of this definition shall not exceed $1,000,000, plus (vii) cash fees, costs and expenses paid in cash during such fiscal quarter in connection with Permitted Acquisitions (whether or not consummated); provided that any such cash charges shall not exceed $4,000,000 during any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower, plus (viii) non-recurring one-time charges in respect of settlements, litigation and casualty events in an amount not exceeding $3,000,000 for all such charges taken together during the term of this Agreement, plus (ix) restructuring charges incurred in connection with any Permitted Acquisition in an amount not exceeding $2,500,000 in any four consecutive fiscal quarter period, plus (x) charges related to equity compensation and impairment of intangible assets and other non‑cash items reducing Consolidated Net Income (excluding any such non‑cash item to the extent that it represents an accrual or reserve for potential cash items in any future period or amortization of a prepaid cash item that was paid in a prior period) approved by the Administrative Agent in writing as an ‘add back’ to Consolidated Net Income, minus (b) the sum , without duplication of the amounts for such period of (i) other non‑cash items increasing Consolidated Net Income for such period (excluding any such non‑cash item to the extent it represents the reversal of an accrual or reserve for potential cash item in any prior period), plus (ii) interest income; provided that Consolidated EBITDA for any period shall be determined on a Pro Forma Basis to give effect to any Permitted Acquisitions involving $1,000,000 or more in aggregate consideration or any disposition of any business or assets consummated during such period and involving $1,000,000 or more in aggregate consideration, in each case as if such transaction occurred on the first day of such period and in accordance with Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.
 
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Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ”:  with respect to the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries for any period, the ratio of (a) the sum of (i) Consolidated EBITDA for such period minus (ii) the portion of taxes based on income actually paid in cash (net of any cash refunds received) during such period minus (iii) Consolidated Capital Expenditures (excluding the principal amount funded with the Loans) incurred in connection with such expenditures); to (b) Consolidated Fixed Charges for such period.
 
Consolidated Fixed Charges ”:  with respect to the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries for any period ending on any determination date (the “ determination date ”), the sum (without duplication) of (a) Consolidated Interest Expense for such period, plus (b) scheduled payments made during such period on account of principal of Indebtedness of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries (excluding Loans under the Revolving Commitments to the extent the Borrower has the right to continue or convert such Loans pursuant to Section 2.10 ), plus (c) Restricted Payments paid in respect of Preferred Stock, plus (d) cash dividends and distributions paid to any Person that is not a Loan Party during such period.
 
Consolidated Funded Indebtedness ”:  as of any date of determination, for the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries, the sum of (a) all Indebtedness of such Persons for borrowed money as at such date (including obligations evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, loan agreements and similar obligations), including all current maturities and current sinking fund payments in respect of any such Indebtedness whether or not required to be paid within one year from the date of its creation, plus (b) Indebtedness of such Persons in respect of the Loans, plus (c) all purchase money Indebtedness plus (d) all direct obligations arising under direct pay and commercial letters of credit, plus (e) all obligations in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than trade accounts payable and accrued expenses in the ordinary course of business), plus (f) all Capital Lease Obligations and Synthetic Lease Obligations plus (g) any earn-out payment made in connection with a Permitted Acquisition.
 
Consolidated Interest Expense ”:  for any period, total interest expense (including that portion of any Capital Lease Obligations that is treated as interest in accordance with GAAP) of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries for such period with respect to all outstanding Indebtedness of such Persons (including all commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters of credit and bankers’ acceptance financing and net costs under Swap Agreements in respect of interest rates to the extent such net costs are allocable to such period in accordance with GAAP).
 
Consolidated Leverage Ratio ”:  as of the last day of any period, the ratio of (a) Consolidated Funded Indebtedness as of such day, to (b) Consolidated EBITDA for such period; provided that for purposes of this definition, Consolidated EBITDA for any period shall be determined on a Pro Forma Basis to give effect to any Permitted Acquisitions or any disposition of any business or assets consummated during such period, in each case as if such transaction occurred on the first day of such period and in accordance with Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.
 
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Consolidated Net Income ”:  for any period, the consolidated net income (or loss) of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that there shall be excluded from the calculation of “Consolidated Net Income” (a) the income (or deficit) of any such Person accrued prior to the date it becomes a Subsidiary of the Borrower or is merged into or consolidated with the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries, (b) the income (or deficit) of any such Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Borrower) in which the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries has an ownership interest, except to the extent that any such income is actually received by the Borrower or such Subsidiary in the form of dividends or similar distributions, and (c) the undistributed earnings of any Subsidiary of the Borrower to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Subsidiary is not at the time permitted by the terms of any Contractual Obligation (other than under any Loan Document) or any Requirement of Law applicable to such Subsidiary or any owner of Capital Stock of such Subsidiary.
 
Contractual Obligation ”:  as to any Person, any provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound.
 
Control ”:  the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise.  “ Controlling ” and “ Controlled ” have meanings correlative thereto.
 
Control Agreement ”:  any account control agreement entered into among the depository institution at which a Loan Party maintains a Deposit Account or the securities intermediary at which a Loan Party maintains a Securities Account, such Loan Party, and the Administrative Agent pursuant to which the Administrative Agent obtains control (within the meaning of the UCC or any other applicable law) over such Deposit Account or Securities Account.
 
Controlled Account ”:  each Deposit Account and Securities Account that is subject to a Control Agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender.
 
Copyright License ”:  any written agreement which (a) names a Group Member as licensor or licensee, and (b) grants any right under any Copyright to a Group Member, including any rights to manufacture, distribute, exploit and sell materials derived from any Copyright.
 
Copyrights ”:  (a) all copyrights arising under the laws of the United States, any other country or any political subdivision thereof, together with the underlying works of authorship (including titles), whether registered or unregistered and whether published or unpublished, all computer programs, computer databases, computer program flow diagrams, source codes, object codes and all tangible property embodying or incorporating any copyrights, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications in connection therewith, including, without limitation, all registrations, recordings and applications in the U.S. Copyright Office, and (b) the right to obtain any renewals thereof.
 
Debtor Relief Laws ”: the Bankruptcy Code and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief Laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect.
 
Default ”:  any of the events specified in Section 8.1 , whether or not any requirement for the giving of notice, the lapse of time, or both, has been satisfied.
 
Default Rate ”:  as defined in Section 2.12(c) .
 
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Defaulting Lender ”:  subject to Section 2.21(b) , any Lender that (a) has failed to (i) fund all or any portion of its Loans within two Business Days of the date such Loans were required to be funded hereunder unless such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower in writing that such failure is the result of such Lender’s determination that one or more conditions precedent to funding (each of which conditions precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing) has not been satisfied, or (ii) pay to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or any other Lender any other amount required to be paid by it hereunder (including in respect of its participation in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans) within two Business Days of the date when due, (b) has notified the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or has made a public statement to that effect (unless such writing or public statement relates to such Lender’s obligation to fund a Loan hereunder and states that such position is based on such Lender’s reasonable determination that a condition precedent to funding (which condition precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing or public statement) cannot be satisfied), (c) has failed, within three Business Days after written request by the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, to confirm in writing to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that it will comply with its prospective funding obligations hereunder ( provided that such Lender shall cease to be a Defaulting Lender pursuant to this clause (c) upon receipt of such written confirmation by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower), or (d) has, or has a direct or indirect parent company that has, (i) become the subject of a proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, or (ii) had appointed for it a receiver, custodian, conservator, trustee, administrator, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation of its business or assets, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other state or federal regulatory authority acting in such a capacity; provided that a Lender shall not be a Defaulting Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any equity interest in that Lender or any direct or indirect parent company thereof by a Governmental Authority so long as such ownership interest does not result in or provide such Lender with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the United States or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permit such Lender (or such Governmental Authority) to reject, repudiate, disavow or disaffirm any contracts or agreements made with such Lender.  Any determination by the Administrative Agent that a Lender is a Defaulting Lender under any one or more of clauses (a) through (d) above shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error, and such Lender shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender (subject to Section 2.21(b) ) upon delivery of written notice of such determination to the Borrower, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender and each Lender.
 
Deposit Account ”:  any “deposit account” as defined in the UCC with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made.
 
Deposit Account Control Agreement ”:  any Control Agreement entered into by the Administrative Agent, a Loan Party and a financial institution holding a Deposit Account of such Loan Party pursuant to which the Administrative Agent is granted “control” (for purposes of the UCC) over such Deposit Account.
 
Designated Jurisdiction ”:  any country or territory to the extent that such country or territory itself is the subject of any Sanction.
 
Determination Date ”:  as defined in the definition of “Pro Forma Basis.”
 
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Discharge of Obligations ”:  subject to Section 10.8 , the satisfaction of all of the following conditions:  (a) the satisfaction of (i) the Obligations (including all such Obligations relating to Bank Services) by the payment in full, in cash (or, as applicable, Cash Collateralization in accordance with the terms hereof) of (A) the principal of and interest on or other liabilities relating to each Loan and any previously provided Bank Services and (B) all fees and all other expenses or amounts payable under any Loan Document and any Bank Services Agreement (other than inchoate indemnification obligations and any other obligations which pursuant to the terms of any Loan Document or any Bank Services Agreement specifically survive repayment of the Loans for which no claim has been made) and (ii) other Obligations under or in respect of Specified Swap Agreements to the extent (A) no default or termination event shall have occurred and be continuing thereunder and (B) any such Obligations in respect of Specified Swap Obligations have, if required by any applicable Qualified Counterparties, been Cash Collateralized, (b) no Letter of Credit shall be outstanding (or, as applicable, each outstanding and undrawn Letter of Credit has been Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof), (c) no Obligations in respect of any Bank Services are outstanding (or, as applicable, outstanding Obligations in respect of Bank Services have been Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof to the extent requested by any applicable Bank Services Provider), and (d) the aggregate Commitments of the Lenders are terminated.
 
Disposition ”:  with respect to any property (including, without limitation, any Capital Stock of any Person), any sale, lease, Sale Leaseback Transaction, assignment, conveyance, transfer, encumbrance or other disposition thereof and any issuance of Capital Stock of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries.  The terms “ Dispose ” and “ Disposed of ” shall have correlative meanings.
 
Disqualified Stock ” means any Capital Stock that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible, or for which it is exchangeable, in each case at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event, matures or is mandatorily redeemable, pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, or redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part, on or prior to the date that is ninety-one (91) days after the date on which the Loan(s) mature.  The amount of Disqualified Stock deemed to be outstanding at any time for purposes of this Agreement will be the maximum amount that the Borrower and its Subsidiaries may become obligated to pay upon maturity of, or pursuant to any mandatory redemption provisions of, such Disqualified Stock or portion thereof, plus accrued dividends.
 
Dollars ” and “$”:  dollars in lawful currency of the United States.
 
Domestic Subsidiary ”:  any Subsidiary of any Loan Party organized under the laws of any jurisdiction within the United States.
 
Eligible Assignee ”:  any Person that meets the requirements to be an assignee under Section 10.6(b)(iii) , (v) and (vi) (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under Section 10.6(b)(iii) ).
 
Environmental Laws ”:  any and all foreign, Federal, state, local or municipal laws, rules, orders, regulations, statutes, ordinances, codes, decrees, requirements of any Governmental Authority or other Requirements of Law (including common law) regulating, relating to or imposing liability or standards of conduct concerning protection of human health or the environment, as now or may at any time hereafter be in effect.
 
Environmental Liability :  any liability, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of environmental remediation, fines, penalties or indemnities), of the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Subsidiaries directly or indirectly resulting from or based upon (a) a violation of an Environmental Law, (b) the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Materials of Environmental Concern, (c) exposure to any Materials of Environmental Concern, (d) the release or threatened release of any Materials of Environmental Concern into the environment, or (e) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
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Equity Interests ”:  with respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such other interests), and all of the other ownership or profit interests in such Person (including partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights or other interests are outstanding on any date of determination.
 
ERISA ”:  the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, including (unless the context otherwise requires) any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder.
 
ERISA Affiliate ”:  each business or entity which is, or within the last six years was, a member of a “controlled group of corporations,” under “common control” or an “affiliated service group” with any Loan Party within the meaning of Section 414(b), (c) or (m) of the Code, required to be aggregated with any Loan Party under Section 414(o) of the Code, or is, or within the last six years was, under “common control” with any Loan Party, within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(14) of ERISA.
 
ERISA Event ”:  any of (a) a reportable event as defined in Section 4043 of ERISA with respect to a Pension Plan, excluding, however, such events as to which the PBGC by regulation has waived the requirement of Section 4043(a) of ERISA that it be notified within 30 days of the occurrence of such event; (b) the applicability of the requirements of Section 4043(b) of ERISA with respect to a contributing sponsor, as defined in Section 4001(a)(13) of ERISA, to any Pension Plan where an event described in paragraph (9), (10), (11), (12) or (13) of Section 4043(c) of ERISA is reasonably expected to occur with respect to such plan within the following 30 days; (c) a withdrawal by any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof from a Pension Plan or the termination of any Pension Plan resulting in liability under Sections 4063 or 4064 of ERISA; (d) the withdrawal of any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof in a complete or partial withdrawal (within the meaning of Section 4203 and 4205 of ERISA) from any Multiemployer Plan if there is any potential liability therefor, or the receipt by any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof of notice from any Multiemployer Plan that it is in reorganization or insolvency pursuant to Section 4241 or 4245 of ERISA; (e) the filing of a notice of intent to terminate, the treatment of a plan amendment as a termination under Section 4041 or 4041A of ERISA, or the commencement of proceedings by the PBGC to terminate a Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan; (f) the imposition of liability on any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof pursuant to  Sections 4062(e) or 4069 of ERISA or by reason of the application of Section 4212(c) of ERISA; (g) the failure by any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof to make any required contribution to a Pension Plan, or the failure to meet the minimum funding standard of Section 412 of the Code with respect to any Pension Plan (whether or not waived in accordance with Section 412(c) of the Code) or the failure to make by its due date a required installment under Section 430 of the Code with respect to any Pension Plan or the failure to make any required contribution to a Multiemployer Plan; (h) the determination that any Pension Plan is considered an at-risk plan or a plan in endangered to critical status within the meaning of  Sections 430, 431 and 432 of the Code or  Sections 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA; (i) an event or condition which might reasonably be expected to constitute grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan; (j) the imposition of any liability under Title I or Title IV of ERISA, other than PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, upon any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof; (k) an application for a funding waiver under Section 303 of ERISA or an extension of any amortization period pursuant to Section 412 of the Code with respect to any Pension Plan; (l) the occurrence of a non‑exempt prohibited transaction under  Sections 406 or 407 of ERISA for which any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof may be directly or indirectly liable; (m) the occurrence of an act or omission which could give rise to the imposition on any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof of fines, penalties, taxes or related charges under Chapter 43 of the Code or under  Sections 409, 502(c), (i) or (1) or 4071 of ERISA; (n) the assertion of a material claim (other than routine claims for benefits) against any Pension Plan or the assets thereof, or against any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof in connection with any such Pension Plan; (o) receipt from the IRS of notice of the failure of any Pension Plan to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code, or the failure of any trust forming part of any Pension Plan to fail to qualify for exemption from taxation under Section 501(a) of the Code; or (p) the imposition of any lien (or the fulfillment of the conditions for the imposition of any lien) on any of the rights, properties or assets of any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof, in either case pursuant to Title I or IV, including Section 302(f) or 303(k) of ERISA or to Section 401(a)(29) or 430(k) of the Code.
 
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ERISA Funding Rules ”:  the rules regarding minimum required contributions (including any installment payment thereof) to Pension Plans, as set forth in Section 412 of the Code and Section 302 of ERISA, with respect to Pension Plan years ending prior to the effective date of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, and thereafter, as set forth in Sections 412, 430, 431, 432 and 436 of the Code and  Sections 302, 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA.
 
Eurocurrency Reserve Requirements ”:  for any day as applied to a Eurodollar Loan, the aggregate (without duplication) of the maximum rates (expressed as a decimal fraction) of reserve requirements in effect on such day (including basic, supplemental, marginal and emergency reserves) under any regulations of the Board or other Governmental Authority having jurisdiction with respect thereto dealing with reserve requirements prescribed for eurocurrency funding (currently referred to as “Eurocurrency Liabilities” in Regulation D of the Board) maintained by a member bank of the Federal Reserve System.
 
Eurodollar Base Rate ”:  with respect to each day during each Interest Period pertaining to a Eurodollar Loan, the rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent by reference to the ICE Benchmark Administration (or any successor thereto if the ICE Benchmark Administration is no longer making a LIBOR rate available) (“ LIBOR ”) for deposits (for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period) with a term equivalent to such Interest Period in Dollars, determined as of approximately 11:00 A.M. (London, England time) two (2) Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period (as set forth by Reuters or any successor thereto or any other commercially available service selected by the Administrative Agent which provides quotations of LIBOR); provided that in no event shall the “Eurodollar Base Rate” be deemed to be less than 0% for any purpose hereunder or under the other Loan Documents.  In the event that the Administrative Agent determines that LIBOR is not available, the “Eurodollar Base Rate” shall be determined by reference to the rate per annum equal to the offered quotation rate to first class banks in the London interbank market by SVB for deposits (for delivery on the first day of the relevant Interest Period) in Dollars of amounts in same day funds comparable to the principal amount of the applicable Loan of the Administrative Agent, in its capacity as a Lender, for which the Eurodollar Base Rate is then being determined with maturities comparable to such period, as of approximately 11:00 A.M. (London, England time) two (2) Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period.
 
Eurodollar Loans ”:  Loans the rate of interest applicable to which is based upon the Eurodollar Rate.
 
Eurodollar Rate ”:  with respect to each day during each Interest Period pertaining to a Eurodollar Loan, a rate per annum determined for such day in accordance with the following formula:
 
Eurodollar Base Rate
1.00 - Eurocurrency Reserve Requirements
 
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The Eurodollar Rate shall be adjusted automatically as of the effective date of any change in the Eurocurrency Reserve Requirements which affect Eurodollar Loans to be made as of, and ABR Loans to be converted into Eurodollar Loans, in any such case, at the beginning of the next applicable Interest Period.
 
Eurodollar Tranche ”:  the collective reference to Eurodollar Loans under the Revolving Facility (other than the L/C Facility), the then current Interest Periods with respect to all of which begin on the same date and end on the same later date (whether or not such Loans shall originally have been made on the same day).
 
Event of Default ”:  any of the events specified in Section 8.1 ; provided that any requirement for the giving of notice, the lapse of time, or both, has been satisfied.
 
Exchange Act ”:  the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
Excluded Assets ”:  as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.
 
Excluded Foreign Subsidiary ”:  in respect of any Loan Party, any Subsidiary of such Loan Party (a) that is a “controlled foreign corporation” as defined in Section 957 of the Code, (b) that is a Subsidiary (whether direct or indirect) of a “controlled foreign corporation” as defined in Section 957 of the Code, or (c) substantially all of the assets of which are equity interests in a “controlled foreign corporation” as defined in Section 957 of the Code.
 
Excluded Swap Obligations ”:  with respect to any Guarantor, any Swap Obligation if, and to the extent that, all or a portion of the Guarantee Obligation of such Guarantor with respect to, or the grant by such Guarantor of a Lien to secure, such Swap Obligation (or any guarantee thereof) is or becomes illegal under the Commodity Exchange Act or any rule, regulation or order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (or the application or official interpretation of any thereof) by virtue of such Guarantor’s failure for any reason to constitute an “eligible contract participant” as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act (determined after giving effect to Section 2.6 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and any other “keepwell, support or other agreement” provided for the benefit of such Guarantor and any and all guarantees of such Guarantor’s Swap Obligations by other Loan Parties) at the time such Guarantee Obligation of such Guarantor, or the grant by such Guarantor of such Lien, becomes effective with respect to such Swap Obligation.  If such a Swap Obligation arises under a master agreement governing more than one swap, such exclusion shall apply only to the portion of such Swap Obligation that is attributable to swaps for which such Guarantee Obligation or Lien is or becomes excluded in accordance with the first sentence of this definition.
 
Excluded Taxes ”:  any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to a Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient, (a) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes, and branch profits Taxes, in any such case (i) to the extent imposed as a result of such Recipient being organized under the laws of, or having its principal office or, in the case of any Lender, its applicable lending office located in, the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (or any political subdivision thereof), or (ii) to the extent otherwise constituting Other Connection Taxes; (b) in the case of a Lender, U.S. federal  withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan or Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender acquires such interest in the Loan or Commitment (other than pursuant to an assignment request by the Borrower under Section 2.20 ) or (ii) such Lender changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 2.17 , amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender's assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office; (c) Taxes attributable to such Recipient’s failure to comply with Section 2.17(f) ; and (d) any U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA.
 
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Existing Agent ”:  as defined in the recitals hereto.
 
Existing Credit Agreement ”:  as defined in the recitals hereto.
 
Existing Credit Facility ”:  as defined in the recitals hereto.
 
Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement ”:  as defined in the recitals hereto.
 
Existing Letters of Credit ”:  the letters of credit described on Schedule 1.1B .
 
Existing Loan Documents ”:  the collective reference to the “Loan Documents” as such term is defined under the Existing Credit Agreement.
 
Facility ” and “ Facilities ”:  each of as applicable (a)  the L/C Facility (which is a subfacility of the Revolving Facility), and (b) the Revolving Facility.
 
FASB ASC ”:  the Accounting Standards certification of the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
 
FATCA ”:  collectively, Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantially comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code.
 
Federal Funds Effective Rate ”:  for any day, the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by federal funds brokers, as published on the next succeeding Business Day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or, if such rate is not so published for any day that is a Business Day, the average of the quotations for the day of such transactions received by SVB from three federal funds brokers of recognized standing selected by it.
 
Fee Letter ”:  the letter agreement dated August 25, 2014, between the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
 
First Tier Foreign Subsidiary ”:  at any date of determination with respect to a Loan Party, each direct Foreign Subsidiary in which such Loan Party owns directly more than 50%, in the aggregate, of the Voting Stock of such Foreign Subsidiary.
 
First Tier Foreign Subsidiary Holding Company ”:  at any date of determination with respect to any Loan Party, each direct Domestic Subsidiary of such Loan Party substantially all of the assets of which consist of Equity Interests of Foreign Subsidiaries and assets incidental thereto.
 
Foreign Currency ”:  lawful money of a country other than the United States.
 
Foreign Investment Account ”: is each of (a) Investment Account number 16001523172170 maintained in the name of the Borrower with Royal Bank of Scotland, (b) Investment Account number SHORETEL-EURA maintained in the name of the Borrower with Royal Bank of Scotland (c) Investment Account number 032024731015 maintained in the name of the Borrower with Westpac Banking Corporation and (d) Investment Account number 032024731031 maintained in the name of the Borrower with Westpac Banking Corporation.
 
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 “ Foreign Investment Limit ”:  at any time and with respect to all Loan Parties, in respect of all Investments made in, intercompany Indebtedness incurred by, Restricted Payments made to, and Dispositions to or mergers with, Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties, including Investments in Foreign Subsidiaries, intercompany Indebtedness advanced to Foreign Subsidiaries by any Loan Party, Restricted Payments made to Foreign Subsidiaries by any Loan Party, Dispositions to Foreign Subsidiaries made by any Loan Party, and mergers by any Domestic Subsidiaries into Foreign Subsidiaries, an aggregate amount not exceeding 5.0% of consolidated total assets of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries (measured as of the date of the financial statements most recently delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 6.1).
 
Foreign Law Pledge Agreement ”:  in respect of the grant by any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) of a Lien on certain of the Equity Interests in any First-Tier Foreign Subsidiary owned by such Loan Party, any pledge agreement (however designated) reasonably required by the Administrative Agent to be prepared under the laws of the foreign jurisdiction in which such First-Tier Foreign Subsidiary is organized and executed by such Loan Party (and, as applicable, such First-Tier Foreign Subsidiary) for the purpose of creating, perfecting and otherwise protecting such Lien to the maximum extent possible under the laws of such foreign jurisdiction.
 
Foreign Lender ”:  (a) if the Borrower is a U.S. Person, a Lender that is not a U.S. Person, and (b) if the Borrower is not a U.S. Person, a Lender that is resident or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than that in which the Borrower is resident for tax purposes.
 
Foreign Pledge Documents ”:  collectively, in respect of the grant by any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) of a Lien on certain of the Equity Interests in any First-Tier Foreign Subsidiary owned by such Loan Party, any related Foreign Law Pledge Agreement, any related filings, an opinion delivered by local counsel in the foreign jurisdiction in which such First-Tier Foreign Subsidiary is organized and addressing the effectiveness of the pledge by such Loan Party to the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) of the pledged Equity Interests in such First Tier-Foreign Subsidiary having been issued to such Loan Party, any related authorizing resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors (or equivalent) of such Loan Party in connection with such pledge, any amendments to the organizational documents of such First-Tier Foreign Subsidiary required by the Administrative Agent to facilitate the pledge by such Loan Party to the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) of such pledged Equity Interests, and any other agreements, documents, instruments, notices, filings or other items reasonably required by the Administrative Agent to be executed and/or delivered in connection with any of the foregoing.
 
Foreign Subsidiary ”:  in respect of any Loan Party, any Subsidiary of such Loan Party that is not a Domestic Subsidiary of such Loan Party.
 
Fronting Exposure ”: at any time there is a Defaulting Lender, as applicable, (a) with respect to the Issuing Lender, such Defaulting Lender’s L/C Percentage of the outstanding L/C Exposure other than L/C Exposure as to which such Defaulting Lender’s participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders or Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof, and (b) with respect to the Swingline Lender, such Defaulting Lender’s Revolving Percentage of outstanding Swingline Loans made by the Swingline Lender other than Swingline Loans as to which such Defaulting Lender’s participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders.
 
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Fund ”: any Person (other than a natural Person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans, bonds and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its activities.
 
Funding Office ”:  the Revolving Loan Funding Office.
 
FX Contract ”:  any foreign exchange contract by and between the Borrower or another Group Member, on the one hand, and any Bank Services Provider, on the other hand, under which the Borrower or such other Group Member, as applicable, commits to purchase from or sell to such Bank Services Provider a specific amount of a currency other than Dollars on a specified date.
 
GAAP ”:  generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time, except that for purposes of Section 7.1 , GAAP shall be determined on the basis of such principles in effect on the date hereof and consistent with those used in the preparation of the most recent audited financial statements referred to in Section 4.1(b) .  In the event that any “Accounting Change” (as defined below) shall occur and such change results in a change in the method of calculation of financial covenants, standards or terms in this Agreement, then each party to this Agreement agrees to enter into negotiations to amend such provisions of this Agreement so as to reflect equitably such Accounting Changes with the desired result that the criteria for evaluating the Borrower’s financial condition shall be the same after such Accounting Changes as if such Accounting Changes had not been made.  Until such time as such an amendment shall have been executed and delivered by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders, all financial covenants, standards and terms in this Agreement shall continue to be calculated or construed as if such Accounting Changes had not occurred.  “ Accounting Changes ” refers to changes in accounting principles required by the promulgation of any rule, regulation, pronouncement or opinion by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or, if applicable, the SEC.
 
Governmental Approval ”:  any consent, authorization, approval, order, license, franchise, permit, certificate, accreditation, registration, filing or notice, of, issued by, from or to, or other act by or in respect of, any Governmental Authority.
 
Governmental Authority ”:  the government of the United States of America or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank) and any group or body charged with setting accounting or regulatory capital rules or standards (including the Financial Standards Board, the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and any successor or similar authority to any of the foregoing.
 
Group Members ”:  the collective reference to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
 
Guarantee and Collateral Agreement ”:  is that certain Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, of even date herewith, among the Borrower, the other Grantors party thereto and the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as agent for the Secured Parties).
 
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Guarantee Obligation ”: as to any Person (the “ guaranteeing person ”), any obligation, including a reimbursement, counterindemnity or similar obligation, of the guaranteeing person that guarantees or in effect guarantees, or which is given to induce the creation of a separate obligation by another Person (including any bank under any letter of credit) that guarantees or in effect guarantees, any Indebtedness, leases, dividends or other obligations (the “ primary obligations ”) of any other third Person (the “ primary obligor ”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, including any obligation of the guaranteeing person, whether or not contingent, (i) to purchase any such primary obligation or any property constituting direct or indirect security therefor, (ii) to advance or supply funds (1) for the purchase or payment of any such primary obligation or (2) to maintain working capital or equity capital of the primary obligor or otherwise to maintain the net worth or solvency of the primary obligor, (iii) to purchase property, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the owner of any such primary obligation of the ability of the primary obligor to make payment of such primary obligation or (iv) otherwise to assure or hold harmless the owner of any such primary obligation against loss in respect thereof; provided that the term Guarantee Obligation shall not include endorsements of instruments for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business.  The amount of any Guarantee Obligation of any guaranteeing person shall be deemed to be the lower of (a) an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the primary obligation in respect of which such Guarantee Obligation is made and (b) the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing person may be liable pursuant to the terms of the instrument embodying such Guarantee Obligation, unless such primary obligation and the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing person may be liable are not stated or determinable, in which case the amount of such Guarantee Obligation shall be such guaranteeing person’s maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by the Borrower in good faith.
 
Guarantors ”: a collective reference to each Material Domestic Subsidiary of the Borrower which has become a Guarantor pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing or any contrary provision herein or in any other Loan Document, no Excluded Foreign Subsidiary shall be a Guarantor.
 
Immaterial Subsidiary ”:  at any date of determination, any Subsidiary of any Loan Party designated by the Borrower in writing and which as of such date holds assets representing 10% or less of the Borrower’s consolidated total assets as of such date (determined in accordance with GAAP), or which has generated 10% or less of the Borrower’s consolidated total revenues determined in accordance with GAAP for the four fiscal quarter period ending on the last day of the most recent period for which financial statements have been delivered after the Closing Date pursuant to Section 6.1(a) or (b) ; provided that all Domestic Subsidiaries of the Loan Parties that are individually “Immaterial Subsidiaries” shall not have aggregate consolidated total assets that would represent 10% or more of the Borrower’s consolidated total assets as of such date or have generated 10% or more of the Borrower’s consolidated total revenues for such four fiscal quarter period, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
Incurred ”:  as defined in the definition of “Pro Forma Basis.”
 
Indebtedness ”:  of any Person at any date, without duplication, (a) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money; (b) all obligations of such Person for the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than current trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of such Person’s business); (c) all obligations of such Person evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments, (d) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement with respect to property acquired by such Person (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or lender under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property); (e) all Capital Lease Obligations and all Synthetic Lease Obligations of such Person; (f) all obligations of such Person, contingent or otherwise, as an account party or applicant under or in respect of acceptances, letters of credit, surety bonds or similar arrangements; (g) all obligations of such Person to purchase, redeem, retire, defease or otherwise make any payment in respect of any Capital Stock in such Person or any other Person (including, without limitation, Disqualified Stock), or any warrant, right or option to acquire such Capital Stock, valued, in the case of a redeemable preferred interest, at the greater of its voluntary or involuntary liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends ; (h) all Guarantee Obligations of such Person in respect of obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (g) above; (i) all obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (h) above secured by (or for which the holder of such obligation has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property (including accounts and contract rights) owned by such Person, whether or not such Person has assumed or become liable for the payment of such obligation; and (j) the net obligations of such Person in respect of Swap Agreements.  The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness expressly provide that such Person is not liable therefor.
 
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Indemnified Taxes ”:  (a) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any Obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in (a), Other Taxes.
 
Indemnitee ”:  as defined in Section 10.5(b) .
 
Initial Acquisition Agreement ”:  that certain Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, of near or even date with the Existing Credit Agreement, among the Borrower, Mets Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower, Mets Acquisition II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower, M5 Networks, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Fortis Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as “Effective time Holders’ Agent” thereunder.
 
Initial Acquisition Documentation ”: collectively, the Initial Acquisition Agreement and all schedules, exhibits and annexes thereto and all side letters and agreements affecting the terms thereof or entered into in connection therewith.
 
Insider Indebtedness ”:  any Indebtedness owing by any Loan Party to any Group Member or officer, director, shareholder or employee of any Group Member.
 
Insider Subordinated Indebtedness ”:  any Insider Indebtedness which is also Subordinated Indebtedness.
 
Insolvency ”:  with respect to any Multiemployer Plan, the condition that such Multiemployer Plan is insolvent within the meaning of Section 4245 of ERISA.
 
Insolvency Proceeding ”: (a) any case, action or proceeding before any court or other Governmental Authority relating to bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, liquidation, receivership, dissolution, winding-up or relief of debtors, or (b) any general assignment for the benefit of creditors, composition, marshalling of assets for creditors, or other, similar arrangement in respect of any Person’s creditors generally or any substantial portion of such Person’s creditors, in each case undertaken under U.S. Federal, state or foreign law, including any Debtor Relief Law.
 
Insolvent ”:  pertaining to a condition of Insolvency.
 
Intellectual Property ”:  the collective reference to all rights, priorities and privileges relating to intellectual property, whether arising under United States, multinational or foreign laws or otherwise, including Copyrights, Copyright Licenses, Patents, Patent Licenses, Trademarks, Trademark Licenses, technology, know-how and processes, and all rights to sue at law or in equity for any infringement or other impairment thereof, including the right to receive all proceeds and damages therefrom.
 
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Intellectual Property Security Agreement ”:  an intellectual property security agreement entered into between a Loan Party and the Administrative Agent pursuant to the terms of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, together with each other intellectual property security agreement and supplement thereto delivered pursuant to Section 6.12 , in each case as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
Interest Payment Date ”:  (a) as to any ABR Loan (including any Swingline Loan), the first Business Day of each calendar month to occur while such Loan is outstanding and the final maturity date of such Loan, (b) as to any Eurodollar Loan having an Interest Period of three months or less, the last Business Day of such Interest Period, (c) as to any Eurodollar Loan having an Interest Period longer than three months, each day that is three months (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the Business Day next succeeding such date) after the first day of such Interest Period and the last Business Day of such Interest Period, and (d) as to any Loan (other than any Revolving Loan that is an ABR Loan and any Swingline Loan), the date of any repayment or prepayment made in respect thereof.
 
Interest Period ”:  as to any Eurodollar Loan, (a) initially, the period commencing on the borrowing or conversion date, as the case may be, with respect to such Eurodollar Loan and ending one, two, three or six months thereafter (in each case, subject to availability, as determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 2.14 ), as selected by the Borrower in its Notice of Borrowing or Notice of Conversion/Continuation, as the case may be, given with respect thereto; and (b) thereafter, each period commencing on the last day of the next preceding Interest Period applicable to such Eurodollar Loan and ending one, two, three or six months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower by irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent in a Notice of Conversion/Continuation not later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, on the date that is three Business Days prior to the last day of the then current Interest Period with respect thereto; provided that all of the foregoing provisions relating to Interest Periods are subject to the following:
 
(i)            if any Interest Period would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless the result of such extension would be to carry such Interest Period into another calendar month in which event such Interest Period shall end on the immediately preceding Business Day;
 
(ii)           the Borrower may not select an Interest Period under a particular Facility that would extend beyond the Revolving Termination Date;
 
(iii)          any Interest Period that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of a calendar month; and
 
(iv)          the Borrower shall select Interest Periods so as not to require a payment or prepayment of any Eurodollar Loan during an Interest Period for such Loan.
 
Interest Rate Agreement ”:  with respect to any Person, any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement, interest rate collar agreement, interest rate hedging agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement, each of which is (a) for the purpose of hedging the interest rate exposure associated with such Person’s operations, (b) approved by Administrative Agent, and (c) not for speculative purposes.
 
Inventory ”:  all “inventory,” as such term is defined in the Code, now owned or hereafter acquired by any Loan Party, wherever located, and in any event including inventory, merchandise, goods and other personal property that are held by or on behalf of any Loan Party for sale or lease or are furnished or are to be furnished under a contract of service, or that constitutes raw materials, work in process, finished goods, returned goods, or materials or supplies of any kind used or consumed or to be used or consumed in such Loan Party’s business or in the processing, production, packaging, promotion, delivery or shipping of the same, including all supplies and embedded software.
 
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Investment Account ”:  as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.
 
Investments ”:  as defined in Section 7.8 .
 
IRS ”:  the Internal Revenue Service, or any successor thereto.
 
ISP ”:  with respect to any Letter of Credit, the “International Standby Practices 1998” published by the Institute of International Banking Law & Practice (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the time of issuance).
 
Issuing Lender ”:  as the context may require, (a) SVB or any Affiliate thereof, in its capacity as issuer of any Letter of Credit (including, without limitation, each Existing Letter of Credit), and (b) any other Lender that may become an Issuing Lender pursuant to Section 3.11 or 3.12 , with respect to Letters of Credit issued by such Lender.  The Issuing Lender may, in its discretion, arrange for one or more Letters of Credit to be issued by Affiliates of the Issuing Lender or other financial institutions, in which case the term “Issuing Lender” shall include any such Affiliate or other financial institution with respect to Letters of Credit issued by such Affiliate or other financial institution.
 
Issuing Lender Fees ”:  as defined in Section 3.3(a) .
 
Judgment Currency ”:  as defined in Section 10.19 .
 
L/C Advance ”:  each L/C Lender’s funding of its participation in any L/C Disbursement in accordance with its L/C Percentage of the L/C Commitment.
 
L/C Commitment ”:  as to any L/C Lender, the obligation of such L/C Lender, if any, to purchase an undivided interest in the Issuing Lenders’ obligations and rights under and in respect of each Letter of Credit (including to make payments with respect to draws made under any Letter of Credit pursuant to Section 3.5(b) ) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the amount set forth under the heading “L/C Commitment” opposite such L/C Lender’s name on Schedule 1.1A or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such L/C Lender becomes a party hereto, as the amount of any such obligation may be (i) changed from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof (including in connection with assignments permitted hereunder), or (ii) limited by restrictions on availability set forth herein (including Sections 2.1 and 3.1(a) ). For the avoidance of doubt, (x) the original amount of the Total L/C Commitments is $10,000,000, subject to the availability limitations set forth herein, (y) the Total L/C Commitments are a sublimit of, and not in addition to, the Total Revolving Commitments, and (z) the aggregate amount of the respective L/C Commitments of the Lenders shall not exceed the amount of the Total L/C Commitments at any time.
 
L/C Disbursements ”:  a payment or disbursement made by the Issuing Lender pursuant to a Letter of Credit.
 
L/C Exposure ”:  at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate undrawn amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit at such time, plus (b) the aggregate amount of all L/C Disbursements that have not yet been reimbursed or converted into Revolving Loans at such time.  The L/C Exposure of any L/C Lender at any time shall equal its L/C Percentage of the aggregate L/C Exposure at such time.
 
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L/C Facility ”:  the L/C Commitments and the extensions of credit made thereunder.
 
L/C Fee Payment Date ”:  as defined in Section 3.3(a) .
 
L/C Lender ”:  a Lender with an L/C Commitment.
 
L/C Percentage ”:  as to any L/C Lender at any time, the percentage of the Total L/C Commitments represented by such L/C Lender’s L/C Commitment, as such percentage may be adjusted as provided in Section 2.20 .
 
L/C-Related Documents ”:  collectively, each Letter of Credit (including any Existing Letter of Credit), all applications for any Letter of Credit (and applications for the amendment of any Letter of Credit) submitted by the Borrower to the Issuing Lender and any other document, agreement and instrument relating to any Letter of Credit, including any of the Issuing Lender’s standard form documents for letter of credit issuances.
 
Lenders ”:  as defined in the preamble hereto; provided that unless the context otherwise requires, each reference herein to the Lenders shall be deemed to include the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender.
 
Letter of Credit ”:  as defined in Section 3.1(a) ; provided that such term shall include each Existing Letter of Credit.
 
Letter of Credit Availability Period ”:  the period from and including the Closing Date to but excluding the Letter of Credit Maturity Date.
 
 “ Letter of Credit Fees ”:  as defined in Section 3.3(a) .
 
Letter of Credit Fronting Fees ”:  as defined in Section 3.3(a) .
 
Letter of Credit Maturity Date ”:  the date occurring 15 days prior to the Revolving Termination Date then in effect (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next preceding Business Day).
 
LIBOR ”:  as defined in the definition of “Eurodollar Base Rate.”
 
Lien ”:  any mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, hypothecation, collateral assignment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance, lien (statutory or other), charge or other security interest or any preference, priority or other security agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement and any capital lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing).
 
Liquidity ”:  at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate amount of all Unrestricted Cash of the Borrower and its Domestic Subsidiaries subject at such time to a perfected Lien of the Administrative Agent (held for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) plus (b) the aggregate amount of Cash Equivalents of the Borrower and its Domestic Subsidiaries subject at such time to a perfected Lien of the Administrative Agent (held for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) plus (c) the amount of the Available Revolving Commitments in effect at such time.
 
Loan ”:  any loan made or maintained by any Lender pursuant to this Agreement.
 
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Loan Documents ”:  this Agreement, the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, each other Security Document, each Note, the Fee Letter, each Assignment and Assumption, each Addendum , the Solvency Certificate, the Collateral Information Certificate, each L/C-Related Document, each Compliance Certificate, each Notice of Borrowing, each Notice of Conversion/Continuation, each Bank Services Agreement, and any agreement creating or perfecting rights in Cash Collateral pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.10 , and any amendment, waiver, supplement or other modification to any of the foregoing.
 
Loan Parties ”:  each Group Member that is a party to a Loan Document.  Notwithstanding the foregoing or any contrary provision herein or in any other Loan Document, no Excluded Foreign Subsidiary shall be a Loan Party.
 
Material Adverse Effect ”:  (a) a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect on, the operations, business, assets, properties, liabilities (actual or contingent), or financial condition of the Borrower, or of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (b) a material impairment of the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders under any of the Loan Documents, or of the ability of any Loan Party to perform its respective obligations under any Loan Document to which it is a party; or (c) a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against any Loan Party of any Loan Document to which it is a party.
 
Material Domestic Subsidiary ”:  any Material Subsidiary which is also a Domestic Subsidiary.
 
Material First-Tier Foreign Subsidiary ”:  any Material Foreign Subsidiary which is also a First Tier Foreign Subsidiary.
 
Material Foreign Subsidiary ”: any Material Subsidiary which is also a Foreign Subsidiary.
 
Material Subsidiary ”:  any Subsidiary of the Borrower that is not an Immaterial Subsidiary.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, any Person that is made a Subsidiary of the Borrower by merger at any time during the one year period immediately following the Closing Date shall be deemed to be a “Material Subsidiary”, irrespective of whether such Subsidiary otherwise qualifies as an Immaterial Subsidiary hereunder.
 
Materials of Environmental Concern ”:  any substance, material or waste that is defined, regulated, governed or otherwise characterized under any Environmental Law as hazardous or toxic or as a pollutant or contaminant (or by words of similar meaning and regulatory effect), any petroleum or petroleum products, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, urea-formaldehyde insulation, molds or fungus, and radioactivity, radiofrequency radiation at levels known to be hazardous to human health and safety.
 
Minority Lender ”:  as defined in Section 10.1(b) .
 
Moody’s ”:  Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
 
Multiemployer Plan ”:  a “multiemployer plan” (within the meaning of Section 3(37) of ERISA) to which any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof makes, is making, or is obligated or has ever been obligated to make, contributions.
 
Non-Consenting Lender ”:  any Lender that does not approve any consent, waiver or amendment that (a) requires the approval of all affected Lenders in accordance with the terms of Section 10.1 and (b) has been approved by the Required Lenders.
 
Non-Defaulting Lender ”:  at any time, each Lender that is not a Defaulting Lender at such time.
 
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Note ”:  a Revolving Loan Note or a Swingline Loan Note.
 
Notice of Borrowing ”:  a notice substantially in the form of Exhibit K .
 
Notice of Conversion/Continuation ”:  a notice substantially in the form of Exhibit L .
 
Obligations ”:   (a) the unpaid principal of and interest on (including interest accruing after the maturity of the Loans and interest accruing after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy, or the commencement of any insolvency, reorganization or like proceeding, relating to any Loan Party, whether or not a claim for post-filing or post-petition interest is allowed in such proceeding) the Loans and all other obligations and liabilities of the Loan Parties to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, any other Lender, any applicable Bank Services Provider, and any Qualified Counterparty party to a Specified Swap Agreement, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, or now existing or hereafter incurred, which may arise under, out of, or in connection with, this Agreement, any other Loan Document (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Bank Services Agreement), the Letters of Credit, any Specified Swap Agreement or any other document made, delivered or given in connection herewith or therewith, whether on account of principal, interest, reimbursement obligations, payment obligations, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses (including all reasonable and documented fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, any other Lender, any applicable Bank Services Provider, to the extent that any applicable Bank Services Agreement requires the reimbursement by any applicable Group Member of any such expenses), and any Qualified Counterparty party to a Specified Swap Agreement that are required to be paid by any Loan Party pursuant any Loan Document, Bank Services Agreement or otherwise, and (b) any obligations of any other Group Member arising in connection with any Bank Services Agreement.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Obligations shall not include, solely with respect to any Guarantor that is not a Qualified ECP Guarantor, any Excluded Swap Obligations of such Guarantor.
 
OFAC ”: the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury.
 
Operating Documents ”:  for any Person as of any date, such Person’s constitutional documents, formation documents and/or certificate of incorporation (or equivalent thereof), as certified (if applicable) by such Person’s jurisdiction of formation as of a recent date, and, (a) if such Person is a corporation, its bylaws or memorandum and articles of association (or equivalent thereof) in current form, (b) if such Person is a limited liability company, its limited liability company agreement (or similar agreement), and (c) if such Person is a partnership, its partnership agreement (or similar agreement), each of the foregoing with all current amendments or modifications thereto.
 
Other Connection Taxes ”:  with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between such Recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising from such Recipient having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan or Loan Document).
 
Other Taxes ”:  all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document, except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 2.20 ).
 
Participant ”:  as defined in Section 10.6(d) .
 
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Participant Register ”:  as defined in Section 10.6(d) .
 
Patent License ”:  any written agreement which (a) names a Group Member as licensor or licensee and (b) grants to such Group Member any right under a Patent, including the right to manufacture, use or sell any invention covered in whole or in part by such Patent.
 
Patents ”:  (a) all letters patent of the United States, any other country or any political subdivision thereof, all reissues and extensions thereof and all goodwill associated therewith, (b) all applications for letters patent of the United States or any other country and all divisions, continuations and continuations-in-part thereof, and (c) all rights to obtain any reissues or extensions of the foregoing.
 
Patriot Act ”:  the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001, Title III of Pub. L. 107-56, signed into law October 26, 2001.
 
PBGC ”:  the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, or any successor thereto.
 
Pension Plan ”:  an employee pension plan (as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA) other than a Multiemployer Plan subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA or  Sections 412 and 430 of the Code or  Sections 302 and 303 of ERISA and in respect of which any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof is (or if such plan were terminated would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) a “contributing sponsor” as defined in Section 4001(a)(13) of ERISA.
 
Permitted Acquisition ”:  as defined in Section 7.8(n) .
 
Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness ”:  Indebtedness of any Person (“ Refinancing Indebtedness ”) issued or incurred by such Person (including by means of the extension or renewal of existing Indebtedness) to refinance, refund, extend, renew or replace existing Indebtedness of such Person (“ Refinanced Indebtedness ”); provided that (a) the principal amount of such Refinancing Indebtedness is not greater than the principal amount of such Refinanced Indebtedness plus the amount of any premiums or penalties and accrued and unpaid interest paid thereon and reasonable fees and expenses, in each case associated with such Refinancing Indebtedness, (b) such Refinancing Indebtedness has a final maturity that is no sooner than, and a weighted average life to maturity that is no shorter than, such Refinanced Indebtedness, (c) if such Refinanced Indebtedness or any Guarantee Obligation thereof or any security therefor are subordinated to the Obligations, such Refinancing Indebtedness and any Guarantee Obligations thereof and any security therefor remain so subordinated on terms no less favorable to the Lenders and the other Secured Parties, (d) the obligors in respect of such Refinanced Indebtedness immediately prior to such refinancing, refunding extension, renewal or replacement are the only obligors on such Refinancing Indebtedness and (e) any Guarantee Obligations which constitute all or a portion of such Refinancing Indebtedness, taken as a whole, are determined in good faith by a Responsible Officer of such Person to be no less favorable to such Person and the Lenders and the other Secured Parties in any material respect than the covenants and events of default or Guarantee Obligations, if any, applicable to such Refinanced Indebtedness.
 
Person ”:  any natural Person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity.
 
Platform ”:  as defined in Section 10.2(d)(i) .
 
Pledged Stock ”:  as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.
 
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Preferred Stock ”:  the preferred Capital Stock of any Loan Party.
 
Prime Rate ”:  the rate of interest per annum from time to time published in the money rates Section of the Wall Street Journal or any successor publication thereto as the “prime rate” then in effect; provided that if such rate of interest, as set forth from time to time in the money rates Section of the Wall Street Journal, becomes unavailable for any reason as determined by the Administrative Agent, the “Prime Rate” shall mean the rate of interest per annum announced by SVB as its prime rate in effect at its principal office in the State of California (such SVB announced Prime Rate not being intended to be the lowest rate of interest charged by SVB in connection with extensions of credit to debtors).
 
Pro Forma Basis ”:  with respect to any calculation or determination for a Loan Party for any period, in making such calculation or determination on the specified date of determination (the “ Determination Date ”) means:
 
(a)         pro forma effect will be given to any Indebtedness incurred (“ Incurred ”) by such Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries (including by assumption of then outstanding Indebtedness or by a Person becoming a Subsidiary after the beginning of the applicable period and on or before the Determination Date to the extent the Indebtedness is outstanding or is to be Incurred on the Determination Date, as if such Indebtedness had been Incurred on the first day of such period;
 
(b)         pro forma calculations of interest on Indebtedness bearing a floating interest rate will be made as if the rate in effect on the Determination Date (taking into account any Swap Agreement applicable to the Indebtedness) had been the applicable rate for the entire reference period;
 
(c)         Consolidated Fixed Charges related to any Indebtedness no longer outstanding or to be repaid or redeemed on the Determination Date, except for Consolidated Interest Expense accrued during the reference period under a revolving credit to the extent of the commitment thereunder (or under any successor revolving credit) in effect on the Determination Date, will be excluded as if such Indebtedness was no longer outstanding or was repaid or redeemed on the first day of such period; and
 
(d)        pro forma effect will be given to: (i) the acquisition or disposition of companies, divisions or lines of businesses by such Loan Party and its Subsidiaries, including any acquisition or disposition of a company, division or line of business since the beginning of the reference period by a Person that became a Subsidiary after the beginning of the applicable period; and (ii) the discontinuation of any discontinued operations but, in the case of Consolidated Fixed Charges, only to the extent that the obligations giving rise to Consolidated Fixed Charges will not be obligations of such Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries following the Determination Date; in each case of clauses (i) and (ii), that have occurred since the beginning of the applicable period and before the Determination Date as if such events had occurred, and, in the case of any disposition, the proceeds thereof applied, on the first day of such period. To the extent that pro forma effect is to be given to an acquisition or disposition of a company, division or line of business, the pro forma calculation will be calculated in good faith by a responsible financial or accounting officer of such Loan Party in accordance with Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, based upon the most recent four full fiscal quarters for which the relevant financial information is available.
 
Pro Forma Financial Statements ”:  balance sheets, income statements and cash flow statements prepared by the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries that give effect (as if such events had occurred on such date) to (i) the Loans, if any, to be made on the Closing Date and the use of proceeds thereof and (ii) the payment of fees and expenses in connection with the foregoing, in each case prepared for (y) the most recently ended fiscal quarter as if such transactions had occurred on such date and (z) on a monthly basis through the first full fiscal year after the Closing Date or subsequent Borrowing Date, as applicable, and on an annual basis for each fiscal year thereafter through the Revolving Termination Date, in each case demonstrating pro forma compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 7.1
 

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Projections ”:  as defined in Section 6.2(c) .
 
Properties ”:  as defined in Section 4.17(a) .
 
Qualified Counterparty ”:  with respect to any Specified Swap Agreement, any counterparty thereto that, at the time such Specified Swap Agreement was entered into or as of the Closing Date, was the Administrative Agent or a Lender or an Affiliate of the Administrative Agent or a Lender.
 
Qualified ECP Guarantor ”:  in respect of any Swap Obligation, (a) each Guarantor that has total assets exceeding $10,000,000 at the time the relevant Guarantee Obligation of such Guarantor provided in respect of, or the Lien granted by such Guarantor to secure, such Swap Obligation (or guaranty thereof) becomes effective with respect to such Swap Obligation, and (b) any other Guarantor that (i) constitutes an “eligible contract participant” under the Commodity Exchange Act or any regulations promulgated thereunder, or (ii) can cause another Person (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any other Guarantor not then constituting a “Qualified ECP Guarantor”) to qualify as an “eligible contract participant” at such time by entering into a “keepwell, support, or other agreement” as contemplated by Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act.
 
Recipient ”:  the Administrative Agent or a Lender, as applicable.
 
Refunded Swingline Loans ”:  as defined in Section 2.4(b) .
 
Register ”:  is defined in Section 10.6(c) .
 
Regulation U ”:  Regulation U of the Board as in effect from time to time.
 
Related Parties ”:  with respect to any Person, such Person’s Affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, trustees, administrators, managers, advisors and representatives of such Person and of such Person’s Affiliates.
 
Reorganization ”:  with respect to any Multiemployer Plan, the condition that such plan is in reorganization within the meaning of Section 4241 of ERISA.
 
Replacement Lender ”:  as defined in Section 2.20 .
 
Required Lenders ”:  at any time, (a) if only one Lender holds the outstanding Total Revolving Commitments, such Lender; and (b) if more than one Lender holds the outstanding Total Revolving Commitments, then at least two Lenders who hold more than 50% of the sum of the Total Revolving Commitments (including, without duplication, the L/C Commitments) then in effect or, if the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding; provided that for all purposes hereunder, the Revolving Commitments of, and the portion of the Revolving Loans and participations in L/C Exposure and Swingline Loans held or deemed held by, any Defaulting Lender shall be excluded for purposes of making a determination of Required Lenders.
 
Requirement of Law ”:  as to any Person, the Operating Documents of such Person, and any law, treaty, rule or regulation or determination of an arbitrator or a court or other Governmental Authority, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property or to which such Person or any of its property is subject.
 
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Responsible Officer ”:  the chief executive officer, president, vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer, controller or comptroller of an applicable Loan Party, but in any event, with respect to financial matters, the chief financial officer, treasurer, controller or comptroller of such Loan Party and, solely for purposes of notices given pursuant to Section 2 , any other officer or employee of the applicable Loan Party so designated by any of the foregoing officers in a written notice delivered to the Administrative Agent.  Any document delivered hereunder that is signed by a Responsible Officer of a Loan Party shall be conclusively presumed to have been authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership and/or other action on the part of such Loan Party and such Responsible Officer shall be conclusively presumed to have acted on behalf of such Loan Party.
 
Restricted Comerica Securities Account ”: securities account number 1893073229 maintained in the name of the Borrower with Comerica Bank.
 
Restricted Payments ”:  as defined in Section 7.6 .
 
Revolving Commitment ”:  as to any Lender, the obligation of such Lender, if any, to make Revolving Loans and to participate in Swingline Loans and Letters of Credit in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed the amount set forth under the heading “Revolving Commitment” opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 1.1A or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender becomes a party hereto, as the amount of any such obligation may be (a) changed from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof (including in connection with assignments permitted hereunder and including pursuant to Section 2.7 ), or (b) limited by restrictions on availability set forth herein (including in Section 2.1 ).
 
Revolving Commitment Period ”:  the period from and including the Closing Date to the Revolving Termination Date.
 
Revolving Extensions of Credit ”:  as to any Revolving Lender at any time, an amount equal to the sum of (a) the aggregate principal amount of all Revolving Loans held by such Lender then outstanding, plus (b) such Lender’s L/C Percentage of the aggregate undrawn amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit (including any Existing Letters of Credit) at such time, plus (c) such Lender’s L/C Percentage of the aggregate amount of all L/C Disbursements that have not yet been reimbursed or converted into Revolving Loans at such time, plus (d) such Lender’s Revolving Percentage of the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans then outstanding.
 
Revolving Facility ”:  the Revolving Commitments and the extensions of credit made thereunder.
 
Revolving Lender ”:  each Lender that has a Revolving Commitment or that holds Revolving Loans.
 
Revolving Loan Conversion ”:  as defined in Section 3.5(b) .
 
Revolving Loan Funding Office ”:  the office of the Administrative Agent specified in Section 10.2 or such other office as may be specified from time to time by the Administrative Agent as its funding office by written notice to the Borrower and the Lenders.
 
Revolving Loan Note ”:  in respect of any Revolving Lender, a promissory note in the form of Exhibit H-1 , as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
Revolving Loan Register ”:  as defined in Section 10.6(b)(v) .
 
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Revolving Loans ”:  as defined in Section 2.1(a) .
 
Revolving Percentage ”:  as to any Revolving Lender at any time, the percentage which such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then constitutes of the Total Revolving Commitments or, at any time after the Revolving Commitments shall have expired or terminated, the percentage which the aggregate principal amount of such Lender’s Revolving Loans then outstanding constitutes of the aggregate principal amount of all Revolving Loans then outstanding; provided that in the event that the Revolving Loans are paid in full prior to the reduction to zero of the Total Revolving Commitments, the Revolving Percentages shall be determined in a manner designed to ensure that the other outstanding Revolving Extensions of Credit shall be held by the Revolving Lenders on a comparable basis.
 
Revolving Termination Date ”:  October 22, 2019.
 
S&P ”:  Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services.
 
Sale Leaseback Transaction ”:  any arrangement with any Person or Persons, whereby in contemporaneous or substantially contemporaneous transactions a Loan Party sells substantially all of its right, title and interest in any property and, in connection therewith, acquires, leases or licenses back the right to use all or a material portion of such property.
 
SAM Securities Account Control Agreement ”:  the Securities Account Control Agreement, of near or even date herewith, among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, SVB Asset Management, and U.S. Bank National Association.
 
Sanction(s) ”:  any international economic sanction administered or enforced by the United States Government (including OFAC), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority.
 
SEC ”:  the Securities and Exchange Commission, any successor thereto and any analogous Governmental Authority.
 
Secured Obligations ”:  as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.
 
Secured Parties ”:  the collective reference to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders (including any Issuing Lender in its capacity as Issuing Lender and any Swingline Lender in its capacity as Swingline Lender), any Bank Services Provider (in its respective capacity as a provider of Bank Services), and any Qualified Counterparties.
 
Securities Account ”:  any “securities account” as defined in the UCC with such additions to such term as may hereafter be made.
 
Securities Account Control Agreement ”:  any Control Agreement entered into by the Administrative Agent, a Loan Party and a securities intermediary holding a Securities Account of such Loan Party pursuant to which the Administrative Agent is granted “control” (for purposes of the UCC) over such Securities Account.
 
Securities Act ”:  the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time and any successor statute.
 
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Security Documents ”:  the collective reference to (a) the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, (b) each Intellectual Property Security Agreement, (c) each SVB Deposit Account Control Agreement, (d) any SVB Securities Securities Account Control Agreement, (e) any SAM Securities Account Control Agreement, (f) each Deposit Account Control Agreement, (g) each Securities Account Control Agreement, (h) each Foreign Pledge Document, (i) all other security documents hereafter delivered to the Administrative Agent granting a Lien on any property of any Person to secure the Obligations of any Loan Party arising under any Loan Document, (j) each Pledge Supplement, (k) each Assumption Agreement, (l) all other security documents hereafter delivered to any applicable Bank Services Provider granting a Lien on any property of any Person to secure the Obligations of any Group Member arising under any Bank Services Agreement, and (m) all financing statements, fixture filings, Patent, Trademark and Copyright filings, assignments, acknowledgments and other filings, documents and agreements made or delivered pursuant to any of the foregoing.
 
Solvency Certificate ”:  the Solvency Certificate, dated the Closing Date, delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 5.1(n) , which Solvency Certificate shall be in substantially the form of Exhibit D .
 
Solvent ”:  when used with respect to any Person, that, as of any date of determination, (a) the amount of the “fair value” of the assets of such Person will, as of such date, exceed the amount of all “liabilities of such Person, contingent or otherwise,” as of such date, as such quoted terms are determined in accordance with applicable federal and state laws governing determinations of the insolvency of debtors, (b) the “present fair saleable value” of the assets of such Person will, as of such date, be greater than the amount that will be required to pay the liability of such Person on its debts as such debts become absolute and matured, as such quoted terms are determined in accordance with applicable federal and state laws governing determinations of the insolvency of debtors, (c) such Person will not have, as of such date, an unreasonably small amount of capital with which to conduct its business, and (d) such Person will be able to pay its debts as they mature.  For purposes of this definition, (i) “debt” means liability on a “claim,” and (ii) “claim” means any (x) right to payment, whether or not such a right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured or unsecured or (y) right to an equitable remedy for breach of performance if such breach gives rise to a right to payment, whether or not such right to an equitable remedy is reduced to judgment, fixed, contingent, matured or unmatured, disputed, undisputed, secured or unsecured.
 
Specified Swap Agreement ”:  any Swap Agreement entered into by the Borrower and any Qualified Counterparty (or any Person who was a Qualified Counterparty as of the Closing Date or as of the date such Swap Agreement was entered into) in respect of interest rates to the extent permitted under Section 7.13 .
 
Subordinated Indebtedness ”:  Indebtedness of a Loan Party subordinated to the Obligations or the Guaranteed Obligations, as applicable, pursuant to subordination terms (including payment, lien and remedies subordination terms, as applicable) reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent.
 
 “ Subordinated Indebtedness Document ”:  any agreement, certificate, document or instrument executed or delivered by any Loan Party or any of their respective Subsidiaries and evidencing Indebtedness of such Loan Party or such Subsidiary which is subordinated to the payment of the Obligations in a manner approved in writing by the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders, and any renewals, modifications, or amendments thereof which are approved in writing by the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders.
 
Subsidiary ”:  as to any Person, a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which shares of stock or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power (other than stock or such other ownership interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) to elect a majority of the board of directors or other managers of such corporation, partnership or other entity are at the time owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person.  Unless otherwise qualified, all references to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” in this Agreement shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Borrower.
 
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Surety Indebtedness ”:  as of any date of determination, indebtedness (contingent or otherwise) owing to sureties arising from surety bonds issued on behalf of any Loan Party or its respective Subsidiaries as support for, among other things, their contracts with customers, whether such indebtedness is owing directly or indirectly by such Loan Party or any such Subsidiary.
 
SVB ”:  as defined in the preamble hereto.
 
SVB Deposit Account Control Agreement ”:  any Deposit Account Control Agreement, of near or even date herewith, among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and SVB.
 
SVB Securities Account Control Agreement ”:  any Securities Account Control Agreement, of near or even date herewith, among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, SVB Securities and Apex Clearing Corporation.
 
Swap Agreement ”:  any agreement with respect to any swap, hedge, forward, future or derivative transaction or option or similar agreement (including without limitation, any Interest Rate Agreement) involving, or settled by reference to, one or more rates, currencies, commodities, equity or debt instruments or securities, or economic, financial or pricing indices or measures of economic, financial or pricing risk or value or any similar transaction or any combination of these transactions; provided that no phantom stock or similar plan providing for payments only on account of services provided by current or former directors, officers, employees or consultants of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be a “Swap Agreement.”
 
Swap Obligation ”:  with respect to any Guarantor, any obligation of such Guarantor to pay or perform under any agreement, contract or transaction that constitutes a “swap” within the meaning of Section 1a(47) of the Commodity Exchange Act.
 
Swap Termination Value ”:  in respect of any one or more Swap Agreements, after taking into account the effect of any legally enforceable netting agreement relating to such Swap Agreements, (a) for any date on or after the date any such Swap Agreement has been closed out and termination value determined in accordance therewith, such termination value, and (b) for any date prior to the date referenced in clause (a), the amount determined as the mark-to-market value for such Swap Agreement, as determined based upon one or more mid-market or other readily available quotations provided by any recognized dealer in such Swap Agreements (which may include a Qualified Counterparty).
 
Swingline Commitment ”:  the obligation of the Swingline Lender to make Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.3 in an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding not to exceed $5,000,000, as such amount may be adjusted from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof.
 
Swingline Lender ”:  SVB, in its capacity as the lender of Swingline Loans or such other Lender as may be appointed from time to time pursuant to Section 2.4(f) , provided that such Lender has agreed to be the Swingline Lender.
 
Swingline Loan Note ”:  in respect of the Swingline Lender, a promissory note in the form of Exhibit H-2 , as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
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Swingline Loans ”:  as defined in Section 2.3 .
 
Swingline Participation Amount ”:  as defined in Section 2.4(c) .
 
Synthetic Lease Obligation ”:  the monetary obligation of a Person under (a) a so-called synthetic, off-balance sheet or tax retention lease or (b) an agreement for the use of property creating obligations that do not appear on the balance sheet of such Person but which, upon the insolvency or bankruptcy of such Person, would be characterized as the indebtedness of such Person (without regard to accounting treatment).
 
Taxes ”:  all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.
 
Threshold Amount ”:  is $7,500,000.
 
Total Credit Exposure ”:  as to any Lender at any time, the unused Commitments and Revolving Extensions of Credit of such Lender at such time.
 
Total L/C Commitments ”:  at any time, the sum of all L/C Commitments at such time, as the same may be reduced from time to time pursuant to Section 2.7 or 3.5(b) .  The initial amount of the Total L/C Commitments on the Closing Date is $10,000,000, which Total L/C Commitments are part of, and not in addition to, the Revolving Commitments.
 
Total Revolving Commitments ”:  at any time, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Commitments then in effect.  For the avoidance of doubt, the original amount of the Total Revolving Commitments on the Closing Date is $100,000,000, subject to the availability limitations set forth herein, and the Total L/C Commitments and the Swingline Commitment are sublimits of, and not in addition to, the Total Revolving Commitments.
 
Total Revolving Extensions of Credit ”:  at any time, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Extensions of Credit outstanding at such time.
 
Trade Date ”:  as defined in Section 10.6(b)(i)(B) .
 
Trademark License ”:  any written agreement which (a) names a Group Member as licensor or licensee and (b) grants to such Group Member any right to use any Trademark.
 
Trademarks ”:  (a) all trademarks, trade names, corporate names, company names, business names, fictitious business names, trade styles, service marks, logos, Internet domain names and other source or business identifiers, and all goodwill associated therewith, now existing or hereafter adopted or acquired, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications in connection therewith, whether in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or in any similar office or agency of the United States, any State thereof or any other country or any political subdivision thereof, or otherwise, and all common-law rights related thereto, and (b) the right to obtain all renewals thereof.
 
Transferee ”:  any Eligible Assignee or Participant.
 
Type ”:  as to any Loan, its nature as an ABR Loan or a Eurodollar Loan.
 
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Unfriendly Acquisition ”:  any acquisition that has not, at the time of the first public announcement of an offer relating thereto, been approved by the board of directors (or other legally recognized governing body) of the Person to be acquired; except that with respect to any acquisition of a non-U.S. Person, an otherwise friendly acquisition shall not be deemed to be unfriendly if it is not customary in such jurisdiction to obtain such approval prior to the first public announcement of an offer relating to a friendly acquisition.
 
Uniform Commercial Code ” or “ UCC ”:  the Uniform Commercial Code (or any similar or equivalent legislation) as in effect from time to time in the State of California, or as the context may require, any other applicable jurisdiction.
 
United States ” and “ U.S. ”:  the United States of America.
 
Unrestricted Cash ”: at any time, any cash of the Borrower that is (a) not subject at such time to a Lien in favor of any Person other than the Administrative Agent (held for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties), other than bankers’ Liens, rights of setoff and other similar Liens of the type contemplated by Section 7.3(k) , (b) not subject at such time to a negative pledge covenant or any other restriction that would prevent or prohibit or restrict such cash from being subject to the Lien of the Administrative Agent (held for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) created by the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement  and (c) available to be used by the Borrower at such time to repay Obligations outstanding at such time under the Loan Documents.
 
USCRO ”:  the US Copyright Office.
 
USPTO ”:  the US Patent and Trademark Office.
 
U.S. Person ”:  any Person that is a “United States Person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code.
 
U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate ”:  as defined in Section 2.17(f) .
 
Voting Stock ”:  as to any Person, the capital stock of any class or classes or other equity interests (however designated and including general partnership interests in a partnership) of such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or similar governing body of such Person.
 
Wholly Owned Subsidiary ”:  as to any Person, any other Person all of the Capital Stock of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares required by law) is owned by such Person directly and/or through other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries.
 
Wholly Owned Subsidiary Guarantor ”:  any Guarantor that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of a Loan Party.
 
Withholding Agent ”:  as applicable, any of any applicable Loan Party and the Administrative Agent, as the context may require.
 
1.2           Other Definitional Provisions .
 
(a)           Unless otherwise specified therein, all terms defined in this Agreement shall have the defined meanings when used in the other Loan Documents or any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto.
 
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(b)          As used herein and in the other Loan Documents, and in any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto, (i) accounting terms relating to any Group Member not defined in Section 1.1 and accounting terms partly defined in Section 1.1 , to the extent not defined, shall have the respective meanings given to them under GAAP, (ii) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation,” (iii) the word “incur” shall be construed to mean incur, create, issue, assume, become liable in respect of or suffer to exist (and the words “incurred” and “incurrence” shall have correlative meanings), (iv) the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, Capital Stock, securities, revenues, accounts, leasehold interests and contract rights, and (v) references to agreements (including this Agreement) or other Contractual Obligations shall, unless otherwise specified, be deemed to refer to such agreements or Contractual Obligations as amended, supplemented, restated, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time.  Notwithstanding the foregoing clause (i), for purposes of determining compliance with any covenant (including the computation of any financial covenant) contained herein, Indebtedness of any Group Member shall be deemed to be carried at 100% of the outstanding principal amount thereof, and the effects of FASB ASC 825 and FASB ASC 470-20 on financial liabilities shall be disregarded.
 
(c)           The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import, when used in this Agreement, shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and Section, Schedule and Exhibit references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.  The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.”  Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns, (ii) all references herein to Articles,  Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and  Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, this Agreement, (iii) any reference to any law or regulation herein shall, unless otherwise specified, refer to such law or regulation as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.
 
(d)           The meanings given to terms defined herein shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of such terms.  Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms.
 
SECTION 2

AMOUNT AND TERMS OF COMMITMENTS
 
2.1           Revolving Commitments .
 
(a)           Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, each Revolving Lender severally agrees to make revolving credit loans (each, a “ Revolving Loan ” and, collectively, the “ Revolving Loans ”) to the Borrower from time to time during the Revolving Commitment Period in an aggregate principal amount with respect to all such Revolving Loans at any one time outstanding which, when added to the aggregate principal amount of any then outstanding Revolving Loans, any Swingline Loans, the aggregate undrawn amount of all then outstanding Letters of Credit, and the aggregate amount of all L/C Disbursements that have not yet been reimbursed or converted into Revolving Loans, incurred on behalf of the Borrower and owing to such Lender, does not exceed the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment.  In addition, the amount of the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit outstanding  after giving effect to any requested borrowing of Revolving Loans shall not exceed the Total Revolving Commitments then in effect.  During the Revolving Commitment Period the Borrower may use the Available Revolving Commitments by borrowing, prepaying the Revolving Loans in whole or in part, and reborrowing, all in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof.  The Revolving Loans may from time to time be Eurodollar Loans or ABR Loans, as determined by the Borrower and notified to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Sections 2.2 and 2.10 .
 
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(b)           The Borrower shall repay all outstanding Revolving Loans on the Revolving Termination Date.
 
(c)           Any “Loans” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement as of the Closing Date shall be deemed Loans outstanding hereunder.  The Borrower ratifies, affirms and acknowledges all of its Obligations in respect of the Existing Credit Facility, and the Lenders under this Agreement shall be deemed to have participation interests therein as of the Closing Date in accordance with their Revolving Percentages as reflected in Schedule 1.1A .
 
2.2          Procedure for Revolving Loan Borrowing .  The Borrower may borrow up to the Available Revolving Commitments under the Revolving Commitments during the Revolving Commitment Period on any Business Day; provided that the Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent an irrevocable Notice of Borrowing (which must be received by the Administrative Agent prior to 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, (a) three Business Days prior to the requested Borrowing Date, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, or (b) one Business Day prior to the requested Borrowing Date, in the case of ABR Loans (in each case, with originals to follow within three Business Days)) ( provided that any such Notice of Borrowing of ABR Loans under the Revolving Facility to finance payments under Section 3.5(a) may be given not later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, on the date of the proposed borrowing), in each such case specifying (i) the amount and Type of Revolving Loans to be borrowed, (ii) the requested Borrowing Date, (iii) in the case of Eurodollar Loans, the respective amounts of each such Type of Loan and the respective lengths of the initial Interest Period therefor, and (iv) instructions for remittance of the proceeds of the applicable Loans to be borrowed.  Each borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of a Eurodollar Loan shall be in a principal amount of $5,000,000 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof (or, if the then aggregate Available Revolving Commitments are less than $1,000,000, such lesser amount).  Except as provided in Sections 3.5(b) and 2.4(b) , each borrowing of or conversion to ABR Loans shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof (or, if the then aggregate Available Revolving Commitments are less than $500,000, such lesser amount).  Upon receipt of any such Notice of Borrowing from the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Revolving Lender thereof.  Each Revolving Lender will make the amount of its pro rata share of each such borrowing available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Borrower at the Revolving Loan Funding Office prior to 12:00 P.M., Pacific time, on the Borrowing Date requested by the Borrower in funds immediately available to the Administrative Agent.  Such borrowing will then be made available to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent crediting such account as is designated in writing to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower with the aggregate of the amounts made available to the Administrative Agent by the Revolving Lenders and in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent.
 
2.3           Swingline Commitment .  Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Swingline Lender agrees to make available a portion of the credit accommodations otherwise available to the Borrower under the Revolving Commitments from time to time during the Revolving Commitment Period by making swing line loans (each a “ Swingline Loan ” and, collectively, the “ Swingline Loans ”) to the Borrower; provided that (a) the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans outstanding at any time shall not exceed the Swingline Commitment then in effect, (b) the Borrower shall not request, and the Swingline Lender shall not make, any Swingline Loan if, after giving effect to the making of such Swingline Loan, the aggregate amount of the Available Revolving Commitments would be less than zero, and (c) the Borrower shall not use the proceeds of any Swingline Loan to refinance any then outstanding Swingline Loan.  During the Revolving Commitment Period, the Borrower may use the Swingline Commitment by borrowing, repaying and reborrowing, all in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof.  Swingline Loans shall be ABR Loans only and shall be made only in Dollars.  To the extent not otherwise required by the terms hereof to be repaid prior thereto, the Borrower shall repay to the Swingline Lender the then unpaid principal amount of each Swingline Loan on the Revolving Termination Date.
 
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2.4           Procedure for Swingline Borrowing; Refunding of Swingline Loans .
 
(a)           Whenever the Borrower desires that the Swingline Lender make Swingline Loans the Borrower shall give the Swingline Lender irrevocable telephonic notice (which telephonic notice must be received by the Swingline Lender not later than 12:00 P.M., Pacific time, on the proposed Borrowing Date) confirmed promptly in writing by a Notice of Borrowing, specifying (i) the amount to be borrowed, (ii) the requested Borrowing Date (which shall be a Business Day during the Revolving Commitment Period), and (iii) instructions for the remittance of the proceeds of such Loan.  Each borrowing under the Swingline Commitment shall be in an amount equal to $100,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof.  Promptly thereafter, on the Borrowing Date specified in a notice in respect of Swingline Loans, the Swingline Lender shall make available to the Borrower an amount in immediately available funds equal to the amount of the Swingline Loan to be made by depositing such amount in the account designated in writing to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower.  Unless a Swingline Loan is sooner refinanced by the advance of a Revolving Loan pursuant to Section 2.4(b) , such Swingline Loan shall be repaid by the Borrower no later than five (5) Business Days after the advance of such Swingline Loan.
 
(b)           The Swingline Lender, at any time and from time to time in its sole and absolute discretion, may, on behalf of the Borrower (which hereby irrevocably directs the Swingline Lender to act on its behalf), on one Business Day’s telephonic notice given by the Swingline Lender no later than 12:00 P.M., Pacific time, and promptly confirmed in writing, request each Revolving Lender to make, and each Revolving Lender hereby agrees to make, a Revolving Loan, in an amount equal to such Revolving Lender’s Revolving Percentage of the aggregate amount of such Swingline Loan (each a “ Refunded Swingline Loan ”) outstanding on the date of such notice, to repay the Swingline Lender.  Each Revolving Lender shall make the amount of such Revolving Loan available to the Administrative Agent at the Revolving Loan Funding Office in immediately available funds, not later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, one Business Day after the date of such notice.  The proceeds of such Revolving Loan shall immediately be made available by the Administrative Agent to the Swingline Lender for application by the Swingline Lender to the repayment of the Refunded Swingline Loan.  The Borrower irrevocably authorizes the Swingline Lender to charge the Borrower’s accounts with the Administrative Agent (up to the amount available in each such account) immediately to pay the amount of any Refunded Swingline Loan to the extent amounts received from the Revolving Lenders are not sufficient to repay in full such Refunded Swingline Loan.
 
(c)           If prior to the time that the Borrower has repaid the Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.4(a) or a Revolving Loan has been made pursuant to Section 2.4(b) , one of the events described in Section 8.1(f) shall have occurred or if for any other reason, as determined by the Swingline Lender in its sole discretion, Revolving Loans may not be made as contemplated by Section 2.4(b) , each Revolving Lender shall, on the date such Revolving Loan was to have been made pursuant to the notice referred to in Section 2.4(b) or on the date requested by the Swingline Lender (with at least one Business Day’s notice to the Revolving Lenders), purchase for cash an undivided participating interest in the then outstanding Swingline Loans by paying to the Swingline Lender an amount (the “ Swingline Participation Amount ”) equal to (i) such Revolving Lender’s Revolving Percentage times (ii) the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Swingline Loans that were to have been repaid with such Revolving Loans.
 
(d)           Whenever, at any time after the Swingline Lender has received from any Revolving Lender such Lender’s Swingline Participation Amount, the Swingline Lender receives any payment on account of the Swingline Loans, the Swingline Lender will distribute to such Lender its Swingline Participation Amount (appropriately adjusted, in the case of interest payments, to reflect the period of time during which such Lender’s participating interest was outstanding and funded and, in the case of principal and interest payments, to reflect such Lender’s pro rata portion of such payment if such payment is not sufficient to pay the principal of and interest on all Swingline Loans then due); provided that in the event that such payment received by the Swingline Lender is required to be returned, such Revolving Lender will return to the Swingline Lender any portion thereof previously distributed to it by the Swingline Lender.
 
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(e)           Each Revolving Lender’s obligation to make the Loans referred to in Section 2.4(b) and to purchase participating interests pursuant to Section 2.4(c) shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (i) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right that such Revolving Lender or the Borrower may have against the Swingline Lender, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever, (ii) the occurrence of a Default or an Event of Default or the failure to satisfy any of the other conditions specified in Section 5 , (iii) any adverse change in the condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrower, (iv) any breach of this Agreement or any other Loan Document by the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any other Revolving Lender, or (v) any other circumstance, happening or event whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing.
 
(f)             The Swingline Lender may resign at any time by giving 30 days’ prior notice to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower.  After the resignation of the Swingline Lender hereunder, (i) the retiring Swingline Lender shall remain a party hereto and shall continue to have all the rights and obligations of the Swingline Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents with respect to Swingline Loans made by it prior to such resignation, but shall not be required to make any additional Swingline Loans, and (ii) another Lender may be appointed as the new Swingline Lender hereunder so long as (A) each of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders agree in writing and in their reasonable discretion to such appointment and (B) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders execute and deliver any such Swingline Loan Note and amendments to the Loan Documents as are reasonably deemed necessary by the Administrative agent to give effect to such appointment.
 
2.5          Reserved .
 
2.6           Fees .
 
(a)            Fee Letter Fees .  The Borrower agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent the fees in the amounts and on the dates specified in the Fee Letter and to perform any other obligations contained therein.
 
(b)           Commitment Fee .  As additional compensation for the Total Revolving Commitments, the Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders, a fee for the Borrower’s non-use of available funds under the Revolving Facility (the “ Commitment Fee ”), payable quarterly in arrears on the first Business Day of the first calendar quarter occurring after the Closing Date, on the first Business Day of each calendar quarter occurring thereafter prior to the Revolving Termination Date, and on the Revolving Termination Date, in an amount equal to the Commitment Fee Rate multiplied by the average unused portion of the Total Revolving Commitments, as reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent.  The average unused portion of the Total Revolving Commitments measured as of any date and for any period ending on such date (the “ Average Unused Total Revolving Commitments ” as of such date and for such period), for purposes of this calculation, shall equal the difference between (i) the Total Revolving Commitments as of such date (as the same shall be reduced from time to time pursuant to Section 2.7 ), and (ii) the sum of (A) the average for such period of the daily closing balance of the Revolving Loans outstanding, (B) the aggregate undrawn amount of all Letters of Credit outstanding as of such date, and (C) the aggregate amount of all L/C Disbursements that have not yet been reimbursed or converted into Revolving Loans as of such date.  For the avoidance of doubt, the amount of any Swingline Loans at any time outstanding during such period shall not be counted towards or considered usage of the Total Revolving Commitments for purposes of determining the Commitment Fee.
 
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(c)           Fees Nonrefundable .  All fees payable under this Section 2.6 shall be fully earned on the date paid and nonrefundable.
 
(d)           Increase in Fees .  At any time that an Event of Default exists, upon the request of the Required Lenders, the amount of any of the foregoing fees due under sub Sections (a) and (b) shall be increased by adding 2.00% per annum thereto.
 
2.7          Termination or Reduction of Total Revolving Commitments; Total L/C Commitments .
 
(a)          Termination or Reduction of Total Revolving Commitments .  The Borrower shall have the right, upon not less than three Business Days’ written notice delivered to the Administrative Agent, to terminate the Total Revolving Commitments or from time to time to reduce the amount of the Total Revolving Commitments; provided that no such termination or reduction shall be permitted if, after giving effect thereto and to any prepayments of the Revolving Loans and Swingline Loans to be made on the effective date thereof the amount of the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding would exceed the Total Revolving Commitments then in effect.  Any such reduction shall be in an amount equal to $1,000,000, or a whole multiple in excess thereof (or if less, not less than an amount equal to the remaining outstanding Total Revolving Extensions of Credit), and shall reduce permanently the Total Revolving Commitments then in effect; provided that, if in connection with any such reduction or termination of the Total Revolving Commitments a Eurodollar Loan is prepaid on any day other than the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, the Borrower shall also pay any amounts owing pursuant to Section 2.18 .  Any reduction of the Total Revolving Commitments shall be applied to the Revolving Commitments of each Lender according to its respective Revolving Percentage.  Any reduction of the Total Revolving Commitments shall be applied to the Revolving Commitments of each Lender according to its respective Revolving Percentage.  All fees accrued until the effective date of any termination of the Total Revolving Commitments shall be paid on the effective date of such termination.
 
(b)            Termination or Reduction of Total L/C Commitments .  The Borrower shall have the right, upon not less than three Business Days’ written notice delivered to the Administrative Agent, to terminate the Total L/C Commitments available to the Borrower or, from time to time, to reduce the amount of the Total L/C Commitments available to the Borrower; provided that, in any such case, no such termination or reduction of the Total L/C Commitments shall be permitted if, after giving effect thereto, the Total L/C Commitments shall be reduced to an amount that would result in the aggregate L/C Exposure exceeding the Total L/C Commitments (as so reduced).  Any such reduction shall be in an amount equal to $1,000,000, or a whole multiple in excess thereof, and shall reduce permanently the Total L/C Commitments then in effect.  Any reduction of the Total L/C Commitments shall be applied to the L/C Commitments of each Lender according to its respective L/C Percentage.  All fees accrued until the effective date of any termination of the Total L/C Commitments shall be paid on the effective date of such termination.
 
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2.8          Optional Loan Prepayments .
 
(a)           Prepayments Generally .  The Borrower may at any time and from time to time prepay the Loans, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, upon irrevocable notice delivered to the Administrative Agent no later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, three Business Days prior thereto, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, and no later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, one Business Day prior thereto, in the case of ABR Loans, which notice shall specify the date and amount of the proposed prepayment; provided that if a Eurodollar Loan is prepaid on any day other than the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, the Borrower shall also pay any amounts owing pursuant to Section 2.18 ; provided   further that if such notice of prepayment indicates that such prepayment is to be funded with the proceeds of a refinancing or in connection with the consummation of a specified transaction, such notice of prepayment may be revoked if the financing or specified transaction is not consummated.  Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof.  If any such notice is given, the amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein, together with (except in the case of Revolving Loans that are ABR Loans and Swingline Loans) accrued interest to such date on the amount prepaid.  Partial prepayments of Revolving Loans shall be in an aggregate principal amount of $1,000,000 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof.  Partial prepayments of Swingline Loans shall be in an aggregate principal amount of $100,000 or a whole multiple thereof.
 
2.9          Reserved .
 
2.10        Conversion and Continuation Options .
 
(a)           The Borrower may elect from time to time to convert Eurodollar Loans to ABR Loans by giving the Administrative Agent prior irrevocable notice in a Notice of Conversion/Continuation of such election no later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, on the Business Day preceding the proposed conversion date; provided that any such conversion of Eurodollar Loans may only be made on the last day of an Interest Period with respect thereto.  Subject to Section 2.14 , the Borrower may elect from time to time to convert ABR Loans to Eurodollar Loans by giving the Administrative Agent prior irrevocable notice in a Notice of Conversion/Continuation of such election no later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, on the third Business Day preceding the proposed conversion date (which notice shall specify the length of the initial Interest Period therefor); provided that no ABR Loan may be converted into a Eurodollar Loan when any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.  Upon receipt of any such notice, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof.
 
(b)          Subject to Section 2.14 , any Eurodollar Loan may be continued as such upon the expiration of the then current Interest Period with respect thereto by the Borrower giving irrevocable notice in a Notice of Conversion/Continuation to the Administrative Agent by no later than 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, on the date occurring three Business Days preceding the proposed continuation date and otherwise in accordance with the applicable provisions of the term “Interest Period” set forth in Section 1.1 , of the length of the next Interest Period to be applicable to such Loans; provided that no Eurodollar Loan may be continued as such when any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; provided   further that if the Borrower shall fail to give any required notice as described above in this paragraph or if such continuation is not permitted pursuant to the preceding proviso, such Loans shall automatically be converted to ABR Loans on the last day of such then expiring Interest Period.  Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof.
 
2.11        Limitations on Eurodollar Tranches .  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, all borrowings, conversions and continuations of Eurodollar Loans and all selections of Interest Periods shall be in such amounts and be made pursuant to such elections so that, (a) after giving effect thereto, the aggregate principal amount of the Eurodollar Loans comprising each Eurodollar Tranche shall be equal to $1,000,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof, and (b) no more than seven Eurodollar Tranches shall be outstanding at any one time.
 
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2.12       Interest Rates and Payment Dates .
 
(a)           Each Eurodollar Loan shall bear interest for each day during each Interest Period with respect thereto at a rate per annum equal to (i) the Eurodollar Rate determined for such day plus (ii) the Applicable Margin.
 
(b)           Each ABR Loan (including any Swingline Loan) shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (i) the ABR plus (ii) the Applicable Margin.
 
(c)            During the continuance of an Event of Default, (i) all outstanding Revolving Loans shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate that would otherwise be applicable thereto pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section plus 2.00% (the “ Default Rate ”); provided that the Default Rate shall apply to all outstanding Loans automatically and without any Required Lender consent therefor upon the occurrence of any Event of Default arising under Section 8.1(a) , and (ii) all other Obligations shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate of interest applicable to ABR Loans plus 2.5%.
 
(d)           Interest on the outstanding principal amount of each Loan shall be payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date; provided that interest accruing pursuant to Section 2.12(c) shall be payable from time to time on demand.
 
2.13        Computation of Interest and Fees .
 
(a)           Interest and fees payable pursuant hereto shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual days elapsed, except that, with respect to ABR Loans the rate of interest on which is calculated on the basis of the Prime Rate, the interest thereon shall be calculated on the basis of a 365- (or 366-, as the case may be) day year for the actual days elapsed.  The Administrative Agent shall as soon as practicable notify the Borrower and the relevant Lenders of each determination of a Eurodollar Rate.  Any change in the interest rate on a Loan resulting from a change in the ABR or the Eurocurrency Reserve Requirements shall become effective as of the opening of business on the day on which such change becomes effective.  The Administrative Agent shall as soon as practicable notify the Borrower and the relevant Lenders of the effective date and the amount of each such change in interest rate.
 
(b)           Each determination of an interest rate by the Administrative Agent pursuant to any provision of this Agreement shall be conclusive and binding on the Borrower and the Lenders in the absence of manifest error.  The Administrative Agent shall, at the request of the Borrower, deliver to the Borrower a statement showing the quotations used by the Administrative Agent in determining any interest rate pursuant to Section 2.13(a) .
 
2.14        Inability to Determine Interest Rate .  If prior to the first day of any Interest Period, the Administrative Agent shall have determined (which determination shall be conclusive and binding upon the Borrower) in connection with any request for a Eurodollar Loan or a conversion to or a continuation thereof that, by reason of circumstances affecting the relevant market, (a) Dollar deposits are not being offered to banks in the London interbank market for the applicable amount and Interest Period of such requested Loan or conversion or continuation, as applicable, (b) adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the Eurodollar Rate for such Interest Period, or (c) the Eurodollar Rate determined or to be determined for such Interest Period will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders (as conclusively certified by such Lenders) of making or maintaining their affected Loans during such Interest Period, then, in any such case (a), (b) or (c), the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the relevant Lenders thereof as soon as practicable thereafter.  Any such determination shall specify the basis for such determination and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive and binding for all purposes.  Thereafter, any Eurodollar Loans under the relevant Facility requested to be made on the first day of such Interest Period shall be made as ABR Loans, (ii) any Loans under the Revolving Facility that were to have been converted on the first day of such Interest Period to Eurodollar Loans shall be continued as ABR Loans and (iii) any outstanding Eurodollar Loans under the Revolving Facility shall be converted, on the last day of the then-current Interest Period, to ABR Loans.  Until such notice has been withdrawn by the Administrative Agent, no further Eurodollar Loans under the Revolving Facility shall be made or continued as such, nor shall the Borrower have the right to convert Loans under the Revolving Facility to Eurodollar Loans.
 
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2.15         Pro Rata Treatment and Payments .
 
(a)            Each borrowing by the Borrower from the Lenders hereunder, each payment by the Borrower on account of any commitment fee and any reduction of the Commitments shall be made pro rata according to the respective L/C Percentages or Revolving Percentages, as the case may be, of the relevant Lenders.
 
(b)            Reserved.
 
(c)           Each payment (including each prepayment) by the Borrower on account of principal of and interest on the Revolving Loans shall be made pro rata according to the respective outstanding principal amounts of the Revolving Loans then held by the Revolving Lenders.
 
(d)          All payments (including prepayments) to be made by the Borrower hereunder, whether on account of principal, interest, fees or otherwise, shall be made without condition or deduction for any counterclaim, defense, recoupment or setoff and shall be made prior to 10:00 A.M., Pacific time, on the due date thereof to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Lenders, at the applicable Funding Office, in Dollars and in immediately available funds.  The Administrative Agent shall distribute such payments to the Lenders promptly upon receipt in like funds as received.  Any payment received by the Administrative Agent after 10:00 A.M. shall be deemed received on the next succeeding Business Day and any applicable interest or fee shall continue to accrue.  If any payment hereunder (other than payments on the Eurodollar Loans) becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day.  If any payment on a Eurodollar Loan becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, the maturity thereof shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless the result of such extension would be to extend such payment into another calendar month, in which event such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day.  In the case of any extension of any payment of principal pursuant to the preceding two sentences, interest thereon shall be payable at the then applicable rate during such extension.
 
(e)           Unless the Administrative Agent shall have been notified in writing by any Lender prior to the date of any borrowing that such Lender will not make the amount that would constitute its share of such borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender is making such amount available to the Administrative Agent on such date in accordance with Section 2 , and the Administrative Agent may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount.  If such amount is not in fact made available to the Administrative Agent by the required time on the Borrowing Date therefor, such Lender and the Borrower severally agree to pay to the Administrative Agent, on demand, such corresponding amount with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date on which such amount is made available to the Borrower but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (i) in the case of a payment to be made by such Lender, a rate equal to the greater of (A) the Federal Funds Effective Rate and (B) a rate reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation, and (ii) in the case of a payment to be made by the Borrower, the rate per annum applicable to ABR Loans under the Revolving Facility.  If the Borrower and such Lender shall pay such interest to the Administrative Agent for the same or an overlapping period, the Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to the Borrower the amount of such interest paid by the Borrower for such period.  If such Lender pays its share of the applicable borrowing to the Administrative Agent, then the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender’s Loan included in such borrowing.  Any payment by the Borrower shall be without prejudice to any claim the Borrower may have against a Lender that shall have failed to make such payment to the Administrative Agent.
 
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(f)           Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from the Borrower prior to the date on which any payment is due to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders or the Issuing Lender hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower is making such payment on such date in accordance herewith and may, in reliance upon such assumption, distribute to the Lenders or the Issuing Lender, as the case may be, the amount due.  In such event, if the Borrower has not in fact made such payment, then each of the Lenders or the Issuing Lender, as the case may be, severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the amount so distributed to such Lender or Issuing Lender, with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is distributed to it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the greater of the Federal Funds Effective Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation.  Nothing herein shall be deemed to limit the rights of Administrative Agent or any Lender against any Loan Party.
 
(g)            If any Lender makes available to the Administrative Agent funds for any Loan to be made by such Lender as provided in the foregoing provisions of this Section 2 , and such funds are not made available to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent because the conditions to the applicable extension of credit set forth in Section 5.1 or Section 5.2 are not satisfied or waived in accordance with the terms hereof, the Administrative Agent shall return such funds (in like funds as received from such Lender) to such Lender, without interest.
 
(h)          The obligations of the Lenders hereunder to (i) make Revolving Loans, (ii) to fund its participations in L/C Disbursements in accordance with its respective L/C Percentage, (iii) to fund its respective Swingline Participation Amount of any Swingline Loan, and (iv) to make payments pursuant to Section 9.7 , as applicable, are several and not joint.  The failure of any Lender to make any such Loan, to fund any such participation or to make any such payment under Section 9.7 on any date required hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender of its corresponding obligation to do so on such date, and no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to so make its Loan, to purchase its participation or to make its payment under Section 9.7 .
 
(i)            Nothing herein shall be deemed to obligate any Lender to obtain the funds for any Loan in any particular place or manner or to constitute a representation by any Lender that it has obtained or will obtain the funds for any Loan in any particular place or manner.
 
(j)             If at any time insufficient funds are received by and available to the Administrative Agent to pay fully all amounts of principal, interest and fees then due hereunder, such funds shall be applied (i) first , toward payment of interest and fees then due hereunder, ratably among the parties entitled thereto in accordance with the amounts of interest and fees then due to such parties, and (ii) second , toward payment of principal then due hereunder, ratably among the parties entitled thereto in accordance with the amounts of principal then due to such parties.
 
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(k)           If any Lender shall obtain any payment (whether voluntary, involuntary, through the exercise of any right of set-off, or otherwise) on account of the principal of or interest on any Loan made by it, its participation in the L/C Exposure or other obligations hereunder, as applicable (other than pursuant to a provision hereof providing for non-pro rata treatment), in excess of its Revolving Percentage or L/C Percentage, as applicable, of such payment on account of the Loans or participations obtained by all of the Lenders, such Lender shall forthwith advise the Administrative Agent of the receipt of such payment, and within five Business Days of such receipt purchase (for cash at face value) from the other Revolving Lenders or L/C Lenders, as applicable (through the Administrative Agent), without recourse, such participations in the Revolving Loans made by them and/or participations in the L/C Exposure held by them, as applicable, or make such other adjustments as shall be equitable, as shall be necessary to cause such purchasing Lender to share the excess payment ratably with each of the other Lenders in accordance with their respective Revolving Percentages or L/C Percentages, as applicable; provided , however , that if all or any portion of such excess payment is thereafter recovered by or on behalf of the Borrower from such purchasing Lender, the purchase shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, but without interest.  The Borrower agrees that any Lender so purchasing a participation from another Lender pursuant to this Section 2.15(k) may exercise all its rights of payment (including the right of set-off) with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were the direct creditor of the Borrower in the amount of such participation.  No documentation other than notices and the like referred to in this Section 2.15(k) shall be required to implement the terms of this Section 2.15(k) .  The Administrative Agent shall keep records (which shall be conclusive and binding in the absence of manifest error) of participations purchased pursuant to this Section 2.15(k) and shall in each case notify the Revolving Lenders or the L/C Lenders, as applicable, following any such purchase.  The provisions of this Section 2.15(k) shall not be construed to apply to (i) any payment made by or on behalf of the Borrower pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement (including the application of funds arising from the existence of a Defaulting Lender), (ii) the application of Cash Collateral provided for in Section 3.10 , or (iii) any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Loans or sub-participations in any L/C Exposure to any assignee or participant, other than an assignment to the Borrower or any Affiliate thereof (as to which the provisions of this  Section shall apply).  The Borrower consents on behalf of itself and each other Loan Party to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under applicable law, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against each Loan Party rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of each Loan Party in the amount of such participation.  For the avoidance of doubt, no amounts received by the Administrative Agent or any Lender from any Guarantor that is not a Qualified ECP Guarantor shall be applied in partial or complete satisfaction of any Excluded Swap Obligations.
 
(l)            Reserved.
 
(m)          Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Administrative Agent may, in its discretion at any time or from time to time, without the Borrower’s request and even if the conditions set forth in Section 5.2 would not be satisfied, make a Revolving Loan in an amount equal to the portion of the Obligations constituting overdue interest and fees and Swingline Loans from time to time due and payable to itself, any Revolving Lender, the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Lender, and apply the proceeds of any such Revolving Loan to those Obligations; provided that after giving effect to any such Revolving Loan, the aggregate outstanding Revolving Loans will not exceed the Total Revolving Commitments then in effect.
 
2.16         Illegality; Requirements of Law .
 
(a)           Illegality .  If any Lender determines that any Requirement of Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for such Lender to make, maintain or fund Eurodollar Loans, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Eurodollar Rate, or any Governmental Authority has imposed material restrictions on the authority of such Lender to purchase or sell, or to take deposits of, Dollars in the London interbank market, then, on notice thereof by such Lender to the Borrower through the Administrative Agent, any obligation of such Lender to make or continue Eurodollar Loans or to convert ABR Loans to Eurodollar Loans shall be suspended until such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist.  Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrower shall, upon demand from such Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), prepay or, if applicable, convert all Eurodollar Loans of such Lender to ABR Loans, either on the last day of the Interest Period therefor, if such Lender may lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Loans to such day, or immediately, if such Lender may not lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Loans.  Upon any such prepayment or conversion, the Borrower shall also pay accrued interest on the amount so prepaid or converted.
 
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(b)           Requirements of Law .  If the adoption of or any change in any Requirement of Law or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by a Governmental Authority having jurisdiction or the making or issuance of any request, rule, guidance or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority made subsequent to the date hereof:
 
(i)            shall subject any Recipient to any Taxes (other than (A) Indemnified Taxes, (B) Taxes described in clauses (b) through (d) of the definition of Excluded Taxes and (C) Connection Income Taxes) on its Loans, loan principal, letters of credit, commitments, or other obligations, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto;
 
(ii)            shall impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender (except any reserve requirement reflected in the Eurodollar Rate); or
 
(iii)           impose on any Lender or the London interbank market any other condition, cost or expense (other than Taxes) affecting this Agreement or Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein;
 
and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to such Lender or such other Recipient of making, converting to, continuing or maintaining Loans determined with reference to the Eurodollar Rate or of maintaining its obligation to make such Loans, or to increase the cost to such Lender or such other Recipient of issuing, maintaining or participating in Letters of Credit (or of maintaining its obligation to participate in or to issue any Letter of Credit), or to reduce any amount receivable or received by such Lender or other Recipient hereunder in respect thereof (whether in respect of principal, interest or any other amount), then, in any such case, upon the request of such Lender or other Recipient (which request shall include an explanation of the basis for such request), the Borrower shall promptly pay such Lender or other Recipient, as the case may be, any additional amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or other Recipient, as the case may be, for such increased cost or reduced amount receivable.  If any Lender becomes entitled to claim any additional amounts pursuant to this paragraph, it shall promptly notify the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of the event by reason of which it has become so entitled.
 
(c)           If any Lender determines that any change in any Requirement of Law affecting such Lender or any lending office of such Lender or such Lender’s holding company, if any, regarding capital or liquidity requirements, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s capital or on the capital of such Lender’s holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Commitments of such Lender or the Loans made by, or participations in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans held by, such Lender, or the Letters of Credit issued by the Issuing Lender, to a level below that which such Lender or such Lender’s holding company could have achieved but for such change in such Requirement of Law (taking into consideration such Lender’s policies and the policies of such Lender’s holding company with respect to capital adequacy and liquidity), then from time to time, upon the request of such Lender (which request shall include an explanation of the basis for such request), the Borrower will pay to such Lender or the Issuing Lender, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or the Issuing Lender or such Lender’s or Issuing Lender’s holding company for any such reduction suffered.
 
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(d)          For purposes of this Agreement, (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines, or directives in connection therewith are deemed to have gone into effect and been adopted after the date of this Agreement, and (ii) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a  change in any Requirement of Law, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.
 
(e)            A reasonably detailed written certificate as to any additional amounts payable pursuant to paragraphs (b), (c), or (d) of this Section submitted by any Lender to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error.  The Borrower shall pay such Lender the amount shown as due on any such certificate within 10 days after receipt of such certificate.  Failure or delay on the part of any Lender to demand compensation pursuant to this Section shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s right to demand such compensation.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.16 , the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender pursuant to this Section 2.16 for any amounts incurred more than nine months prior to the date that such Lender notifies the Borrower of the change in the Requirement of Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions, and of such Lender’s intention to claim compensation therefor; provided that if the circumstances giving rise to such claim have a retroactive effect, then such nine-month period shall be extended to include the period of such retroactive effect.  The obligations of the Borrower arising pursuant to this Section 2.16 shall survive the Discharge of Obligations and the resignation of the Administrative Agent.
 
2.17        Taxes .  For purposes of this Section 2.17 , the term “Lender” includes the Issuing Lender and the term “applicable law” includes FATCA.
 
(a)           Payments Free of Taxes .  Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document shall be made without deduction or withholding for any Taxes, except as required by applicable law and the Borrower shall, and shall cause each other Loan Party, to comply with the requirements set forth in this Section 2.17 .  If any applicable law (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable Withholding Agent) requires the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by a Withholding Agent, then the applicable Withholding Agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law and, if such Tax is an Indemnified Tax, then the sum payable by the applicable Loan Party shall be increased as necessary so that after such deduction or withholding has been made (including such deductions and withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this Section ) the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deduction or withholding been made.
 
(b)           Payment of Other Taxes .  The Borrower shall, and shall cause each other Loan Party to, timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law, or at the option of the Administrative Agent timely reimburse it for the payment of, any Other Taxes applicable to such Loan Party.
 
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(c)          Evidence of Payments .  As soon as practicable after any payment of Taxes by any Loan Party to a Governmental Authority pursuant to this Section 2.17 , the Borrower shall, or shall cause such other Loan Party to, deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
(d)           Indemnification by Loan Parties .  The Borrower shall, and shall cause each other Loan Party to, jointly and severally indemnify each Recipient, within 10 days after demand therefor (which demand shall include an explanation of the basis for such demand), for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section 2.17 ) payable or paid by such Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to such Recipient and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto (including any recording and filing fees with respect thereto or resulting therefrom and any liabilities with respect to, or resulting from, any delay in paying such Indemnified Taxes), whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority.  A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.
 
(e)           Indemnification by Lenders .  Each Lender shall severally indemnify the Administrative Agent, within 10 days after demand therefor, for (i) any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that any Loan Party has not already indemnified the Administrative Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Loan Parties to do so), (ii) any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 10.6 relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (iii) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each case, that are payable or paid by the Administrative Agent in connection with any Loan Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority.  A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error.  Each Lender hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under any Loan Document or otherwise payable by the Administrative Agent to the Lender from any other source against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this paragraph (e).
 
(f)            Status of Lenders .
 
(i)            Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, at the time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding.  In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Sections 2.17(f)(ii)(A) , (ii)(B) and (ii)(D) below) shall not be required if the Lender is not legally entitled to complete, execute or deliver such documentation or, in the Lender’s reasonable judgment, such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender.
 
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(ii)           Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a U.S. Person,
 
(A)          any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed copies of IRS Form W-9 certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax;
 
(B)          any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), whichever of the following is applicable:
 
(1)      in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Loan Document, executed copies of IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty;
 
(2)      executed copies of IRS Form W-8ECI;
 
(3)     in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 871(h) or Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit F-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “ U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate ”) and (y) executed copies of IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E; or
 
(4)      to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, executed copies of IRS Form W-8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E, a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit F-2 or Exhibit F-3 , IRS Form W-9, and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit F-4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner;
 
(C)            any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed copies of any other form prescribed by applicable law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable law to permit the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made; and
 
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(D)          if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower and the Administrative Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment.  Solely for purposes of this clause (D), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement.
 
(iii)           Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so.  Each Foreign Lender shall promptly notify the Borrower at any time it determines that it is no longer in a position to provide any previously delivered certificate to the Borrower (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. taxing authorities for such purpose).  Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, a Foreign Lender shall not be required to deliver any form pursuant to this paragraph that such Foreign Lender is not legally able to deliver.
 
(iv)           For purposes of determining withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA, from and after October 22, 2014, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent shall treat (and the Lenders hereby authorize the Administrative Agent to treat) this Agreement and the Obligations as not qualifying as a “grandfathered obligation” within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.1471-2(b)(2)(i).
 
(g)           Treatment of Certain Refunds .  If any party determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified pursuant to this Section 2.17 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.17 ), it shall pay to the indemnifying party an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made under this Section with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) of such indemnified party and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund).  Such indemnifying party, upon the request of such indemnified party, shall repay to such indemnified party the amount paid over pursuant to this paragraph (g) (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) in the event that such indemnified party is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph (g), in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this paragraph (g) the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid.  This paragraph shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person.
 
(h)           Survival .  Each party’s obligations under this Section 2.17 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent, any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender, and the Discharge of Obligations.
 
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2.18        Indemnity .  The Borrower agrees to indemnify each Lender for, and to hold each Lender harmless from, any loss or expense that such Lender may sustain or incur as a consequence of (a) a default by the Borrower in making a borrowing of, conversion into or continuation of Eurodollar Loans after the Borrower has given a notice requesting the same in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, (b) a default by the Borrower in making any prepayment of or conversion from Eurodollar Loans after the Borrower has given a notice thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, or (c) for any reason, the making of a prepayment of Eurodollar Loans on a day that is not the last day of an Interest Period with respect thereto.  Such losses and expenses shall be equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the amount of interest that would have accrued on the amount so prepaid, or not so borrowed, reduced, converted or continued, for the period from the date of such prepayment or of such failure to borrow, reduce, convert or continue to the last day of such Interest Period (or, in the case of a failure to borrow, reduce, convert or continue, the Interest Period that would have commenced on the date of such failure) in each case at the applicable rate of interest or other return for such Loans provided for herein (excluding, however, the Applicable Margin included therein, if any), over (ii) the amount of interest (as reasonably determined by such Lender) that would have accrued to such Lender on such amount by placing such amount on deposit for a comparable period with leading banks in the interbank eurodollar market.  A certificate as to any amounts payable pursuant to this Section submitted to the Borrower by any Lender shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error.  This covenant shall survive the Discharge of Obligations.
 
2.19       Change of Lending Office .  Each Lender agrees that, upon the occurrence of any event giving rise to the operation of Section 2.16(b) , Section 2.16(c) , Section 2.17(a) , Section 2.17(b) or Section 2.17(d) with respect to such Lender, it will, if requested by the Borrower, use reasonable efforts (subject to overall policy considerations of such Lender) to designate a different lending office for funding or booking its Loans affected by such event or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, in each case, with the object of avoiding the consequences of such event; provided that such designation is made on terms that, in the sole judgment of such Lender, cause such Lender and its lending office(s) to suffer no economic, legal, regulatory or other disadvantage; provided   further that nothing in this Section shall affect or postpone any of the obligations of the Borrower or the rights of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.16(b) , Section 2.16(c) , Section 2.17(a) , Section 2.17(b) or Section 2.17(d) .  The Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment made at the request of the Borrower.
 
2.20        Substitution of Lenders .  Upon the receipt by the Borrower of any of the following (or in the case of clause (a) below, if the Borrower is required to pay any such amount), with respect to any Lender (any such Lender described in clauses (a) through (c) below being referred to as an “ Affected Lender ” hereunder):
 
(a)           a request from a Lender for payment of Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts under Section 2.17 or of increased costs pursuant to Section 2.16 (and, in any such case, such Lender has declined or is unable to designate a different lending office in accordance with Section 2.19 or is a Non-Consenting Lender);
 
(b)           a notice from the Administrative Agent under Section 10.1(b) that one or more Minority Lenders are unwilling to agree to an amendment or other modification approved by the Required Lenders and the Administrative Agent; or
 
(c)           notice from the Administrative Agent that a Lender is a Defaulting Lender;
 
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then the Borrower may, at its sole expense and effort, upon notice to the Administrative Agent and such Affected Lender:  (i) request that one or more of the other Lenders acquire and assume all or part of such Affected Lender’s Loans and Commitments; or (ii) designate a replacement lending institution (which shall be an Eligible Assignee) to acquire and assume all or a ratable part of such Affected Lender’s Loans and Commitments (the replacing Lender or lender in (i) or (ii) being a “ Replacement Lender ”); provided , however , that the Borrower shall be liable for the payment upon demand of all costs and other amounts arising under Section 2.18 that result from the acquisition of any Affected Lender’s Loan and/or Commitments (or any portion thereof) by a Lender or Replacement Lender, as the case may be, on a date other than the last day of the applicable Interest Period with respect to any Eurodollar Loans then outstanding; and provided   further , however , that if the Borrower elects to exercise such right with respect to any Affected Lender under clause (a) or (b) of this Section 2.20 , then the Borrower shall be obligated to replace all Affected Lenders under such clauses.  The Affected Lender replaced pursuant to this Section 2.20 shall be required to assign and delegate, without recourse, all of its interests, rights and obligations under this Agreement and the related Loan Documents to one or more Replacement Lenders that so agree to acquire and assume all or a ratable part of such Affected Lender’s Loans and Commitments upon payment to such Affected Lender of an amount (in the aggregate for all Replacement Lenders) equal to 100% of the outstanding principal of the Affected Lender’s Loans, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder and under the other Loan Documents from such Replacement Lenders (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts, including amounts under Section 2.18 hereof).  Any such designation of a Replacement Lender shall be effected in accordance with, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the assignment provisions contained in Section 10.6 (with the assignment fee to be paid by the Borrower in such instance), and, if such Replacement Lender is not already a Lender hereunder or an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, shall be subject to the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any assignment pursuant to this Section 2.20 , (a) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a claim for compensation under Section 2.16 or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 2.17 , such assignment shall result in a reduction in such compensation or payments thereafter; (b) such assignment shall not conflict with applicable law and (c) in the case of any assignment resulting from a Lender being a Minority Lender referred to in clause (b) of this Section 2.20 , the applicable assignee shall have consented to the applicable amendment, waiver or consent.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Affected Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment or delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Affected Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrower to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply.
 
2.21        Defaulting Lenders .
 
(a)            Adjustments .  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then, until such time as such Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, to the extent permitted by applicable law:
 
(i)             Waivers and Amendments .  Such Defaulting Lender’s right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent with respect to this Agreement shall be restricted as set forth in Section 10.1 and in the definition of Required Lenders.
 
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(ii)           Defaulting Lender Waterfall .  Any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts received by the Administrative Agent for the account of such Defaulting Lender (whether voluntary or mandatory, at maturity, pursuant to Section 8 or otherwise, and including any amounts made available to the Administrative Agent by such Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 10.7 ), shall be applied at such time or times as may be determined by the Administrative Agent as follows: first , to the payment of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent hereunder; second , to the payment on a pro rata basis of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Issuing Lender or to the Swingline Lender hereunder; third , to be held as Cash Collateral for the funding obligations of such Defaulting Lender of any participation in any Letter of Credit; fourth , as the Borrower may request (so long as no Default or Event of Default exists), to the funding of any Loan in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has failed to fund its portion thereof as required by this Agreement, as determined by the Administrative Agent; fifth , if so determined by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, to be held in a deposit account and released pro rata in order to (x) satisfy such Defaulting Lender’s potential future funding obligations with respect to Loans under this Agreement, and (y) be held as Cash Collateral for the future funding obligations of such Defaulting Lender of any participation in any future Letter of Credit; sixth , to the payment of any amounts owing to any L/C Lender, the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by any L/C Lender, the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; seventh , so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Borrower as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by the Borrower against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; and eighth , to such Defaulting Lender or as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided that if (A) such payment is a payment of the principal amount of any Loans or L/C Advances in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has not fully funded its appropriate share and (B) such Loans or L/C Advances were made at a time when the conditions set forth in Section 5.2 were satisfied or waived, such payment shall be applied solely to pay the Loans of, and L/C Advances owed to, all Non-Defaulting Lenders on a pro rata basis prior to being applied to the payment of any Loans of, or L/C Advances owed to, such Defaulting Lender until such time as all Loans and funded and unfunded participations in L/C Advances and Swingline Loans are held by the Lenders pro rata in accordance with the Commitments under the applicable Facility without giving effect to Section 2.21(a)(iv) .  Any payments, prepayments or other amounts paid or payable to a Defaulting Lender that are applied (or held) to pay amounts owed by a Defaulting Lender or to post Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 2.21(a)(ii) shall be deemed paid to and redirected by such Defaulting Lender, and each Lender irrevocably consents hereto.
 
(iii)          Certain Fees .
 
(A)          No Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive any fee pursuant to Section 2.6(b) for any period during which such Lender is a Defaulting Lender (and the Borrower shall not be required to pay any such fee that otherwise would have been required to have been paid to such Defaulting Lender).
 
(B)           Each Defaulting Lender shall be limited in its right to receive Letter of Credit Fees as provided in Section 3.3(d) .
 
(C)            With respect to any Letter of Credit Fee not required to be paid to any Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (A) or (B) above, the Borrower shall (x) pay to each Non-Defaulting Lender that portion of any such Letter of Credit Fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender with respect to such Defaulting Lender’s participation in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans that has been reallocated to such Non-Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (iv) below, (y) pay to the Issuing Lender and to the Swingline Lender, as applicable, the amount of any such fee or Letter of Credit Fee, as applicable, otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender to the extent allocable to the Issuing Lender’s or the Swingline Lender’s Fronting Exposure to such Defaulting Lender, and (z) not be required to pay the remaining amount of any such fee or Letter of Credit Fee, as applicable.
 
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(iv)          Reallocation of Pro Rata Share to Reduce Fronting Exposure .  During any period in which there is a Defaulting Lender, for purposes of computing the amount of the obligation of each Non-Defaulting Lender to acquire, refinance or fund participations in Letters of Credit pursuant to Section 3.4 or in Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.4(c) , the L/C Percentage of each Non-Defaulting Lender of any such Letter of Credit and the Revolving Percentage of each Non-Defaulting Lender of any such Swingline Loan, as the case may be, shall be computed without giving effect to the Revolving Commitment of such Defaulting Lender; provided that, (A) each such reallocation shall be given effect only if, at the date the applicable Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; (B) the aggregate obligations of each Non-Defaulting Lender to acquire, refinance or fund participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans shall not exceed the positive difference, if any, of (1) the Revolving Commitment of that Non-Defaulting Lender minus (2) the aggregate outstanding amount of the Revolving Loans of that Lender plus the aggregate amount of that Lender’s L/C Percentage of then outstanding Letters of Credit plus the aggregate amount of that Lender’s Revolving Percentage of then outstanding Swingline Loans that have not been converted into Revolving Loans and (C) the conditions set forth in Section 5.2 are satisfied at the time of such reallocation (and, unless the Borrower shall have otherwise notified the Administrative Agent at such time, the Borrower shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that such conditions are satisfied at such time).  No reallocation hereunder shall constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder against a Defaulting Lender arising from that Lender having become a Defaulting Lender, including any claim of a Non-Defaulting Lender as a result of such Non-Defaulting Lender’s increased exposure following such reallocation.
 
(v)          Cash Collateral, Repayment of Swingline Loans .  If the reallocation described in clause (iv) above cannot, or can only partially, be effected, the Borrower shall, without prejudice to any right or remedy available to it hereunder or under law, (x) first , prepay Swingline Loans in an amount equal to the Swingline Lender’s Fronting Exposure, and (y) second , Cash Collateralize the Issuing Lender’s Fronting Exposure in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 3.10 .
 
(b)          Defaulting Lender Cure .  If the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Lender agree in writing in their sole discretion that a Defaulting Lender should no longer be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender, the Administrative Agent will so notify the parties hereto, whereupon as of the effective date specified in such notice and subject to any conditions set forth therein (which may include arrangements with respect to any Cash Collateral), such Lender will, to the extent applicable, purchase at par that portion of outstanding Loans of the other Lenders or take such other actions as the Administrative Agent may determine to be necessary to cause the Loans and funded and unfunded participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans to be held on a pro rata basis by the Lenders in accordance with their respective Revolving Percentages, L/C Percentages and Term Percentages, as applicable (without giving effect to Section 2.21(a)(iv) ), whereupon such Lender will cease to be a Defaulting Lender; provided that no adjustments will be made retroactively with respect to fees accrued or payments made by or on behalf of the Borrower while such Lender was a Defaulting Lender; and provided   further that, except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no change hereunder from Defaulting Lender to Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from such Lender having been a Defaulting Lender.
 
(c)            New Swingline Loans/Letters of Credit .  So long as any Lender is a Defaulting Lender, (i) the Swingline Lender shall not be required to fund any Swingline Loans unless it is satisfied that it will have no Fronting Exposure after giving effect to such Swingline Loan and (ii) no Issuing Lender shall be required to issue, extend, renew or increase any Letter of Credit unless it is satisfied that it will have no Fronting Exposure in respect of Letters of Credit after giving effect thereto.
 
(d)            Termination of Defaulting Lender .  The Borrower may terminate the unused amount of the Revolving Commitment of any Revolving Lender that is a Defaulting Lender upon not less than ten Business Days’ prior notice to the Administrative Agent (which shall promptly notify the Lenders thereof), and in such event the provisions of Section 2.21(a)(ii) will apply to all amounts thereafter paid by the Borrower for the account of such Defaulting Lender under this Agreement (whether on account of principal, interest, fees, indemnity or other amounts); provided that (i) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, and (ii) such termination shall not be deemed to be a waiver or release of any claim the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Bank or any other Lender may have against such Defaulting Lender.
 
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2.22        Notes .  If so requested by any Lender by written notice to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), the Borrower shall execute and deliver to such Lender (and/or, if applicable and if so specified in such notice, to any Person who is an assignee of such Lender pursuant to Section 10.6 ) (promptly after the Borrower’s receipt of such notice) a Note or Notes to evidence such Lender’s Loans.
 
SECTION 3

LETTERS OF CREDIT
 
3.1           L/C Commitment .
 
(a)            Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Issuing Lender agrees to issue standby letters of credit (“ Letters of Credit ”) for the account of the Borrower on any Business Day during the Letter of Credit Availability Period in such form as may reasonably be approved from time to time by the Issuing Lender; provided that the Issuing Lender shall have no obligation to issue any Letter of Credit if, after giving effect to such issuance, the L/C Exposure would exceed either the Total L/C Commitments or the Available Revolving Commitments at such time.  Each Letter of Credit shall (i) be denominated in Dollars or, in the sole discretion of the Issuing Lender with respect to any particular Letter of Credit, a Foreign Currency, and (ii) expire no later than the earlier of (x) the first anniversary of its date of issuance and (y) the Letter of Credit Maturity Date, provided that any Letter of Credit with a one-year term may provide for the renewal thereof for additional one-year periods (which shall in no event extend beyond the date referred to in clause (y) above).  For the avoidance of doubt, no commercial letters of credit shall be issued by the Issuing Lender to any Person under this Agreement.  For purposes of this Agreement, the stated amount of any Letter of Credit issued in a Foreign Currency shall be converted into Dollars from time to time by the Issuing Lender and upon any drawing under such Letter of Credit.
 
(b)           The Issuing Lender shall not at any time be obligated to issue any Letter of Credit if:
 
(i)             such issuance would conflict with, or cause the Issuing Lender or any L/C Lender to exceed any limits imposed by, any applicable Requirement of Law;
 
(ii)            any order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator shall by its terms purport to enjoin or restrain the Issuing Lender from issuing, amending or reinstating such Letter of Credit, or any law, rule or regulation applicable to the Issuing Lender or any request, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority with jurisdiction over the Issuing Lender shall prohibit, or request that the Issuing Lender refrain from, the issuance, amendment, renewal or reinstatement of letters of credit generally or such Letter of Credit in particular or shall impose upon the Issuing Lender with respect to such Letter of Credit any restriction, reserve or capital requirement (for which the Issuing Lender is not otherwise compensated) not in effect on the Closing Date, or shall impose upon the Issuing Lender any unreimbursed loss, cost or expense which was not applicable on the Closing Date and which the Issuing Lender in good faith deems material to it;
 
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(iii)          the Issuing Lender has received written notice from any Lender, the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, at least one Business Day prior to the requested date of issuance, amendment, renewal or reinstatement of such Letter of Credit, that one or more of the applicable conditions contained in Section 5.2 shall not then be satisfied (which notice shall contain a description of any such condition asserted not to be satisfied);
 
(iv)           any requested Letter of Credit is not in form and substance acceptable to the Issuing Lender, or the issuance, amendment or renewal of a Letter of Credit shall violate any applicable laws or regulations or any applicable policies of the Issuing Lender;
 
(v)           such Letter of Credit contains any provisions providing for automatic reinstatement of the stated amount after any drawing thereunder;
 
(vi)          except as otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender, such Letter of Credit is in an initial face amount less than $100,000; or
 
(vii)          any Lender is at that time a Defaulting Lender, unless the Issuing Lender has entered into arrangements, including the delivery of Cash Collateral pursuant to Section 3.10 , satisfactory to the Issuing Lender (in its sole discretion) with the Borrower or such Defaulting Lender to eliminate the Issuing Lender’s actual or potential Fronting Exposure (after giving effect to Section 2.21(a)(iv) ) with respect to the Defaulting Lender arising from either the Letter of Credit then proposed to be issued or such Letter of Credit and all other L/C Exposure as to which the Issuing Lender has actual or potential Fronting Exposure, as it may elect in its sole discretion.
 
3.2          Procedure for Issuance of Letters of Credit .  The Borrower may from time to time request that the Issuing Lender issue a Letter of Credit for the account of the Borrower by delivering to the Issuing Lender at its address for notices specified herein an Application therefor, completed to the satisfaction of the Issuing Lender, and such other certificates, documents and other papers and information as the Issuing Lender may request.  Upon receipt of any Application, the Issuing Lender will process such Application and the certificates, documents and other papers and information delivered to it in connection therewith in accordance with its customary procedures and shall promptly issue the Letter of Credit requested thereby (but in no event shall the Issuing Lender be required to issue any Letter of Credit earlier than three Business Days after its receipt of the Application therefor and all such other certificates, documents and other papers and information relating thereto) by issuing the original of such Letter of Credit to the beneficiary thereof or as otherwise may be agreed to by the Issuing Lender and the Borrower.  The Issuing Lender shall furnish a copy of such Letter of Credit to the Borrower promptly following the issuance thereof.  The Issuing Lender shall promptly furnish to the Administrative Agent, which shall in turn promptly furnish to the Lenders, notice of the issuance of each Letter of Credit (including the amount thereof).
 
3.3          Fees and Other Charges .
 
(a)            The Borrower agrees to pay, with respect to each Existing Letter of Credit and each outstanding Letter of Credit issued for the account of (or at the request of) the Borrower, (i) a fronting fee of 0.125% per annum on the daily amount available to be drawn under each such Letter of Credit to the Issuing Lender for its own account (a “ Letter of Credit Fronting Fee ”), (ii) a letter of credit fee equal to the Applicable Margin relating to Letters of Credit multiplied by the daily amount available to be drawn under each such Letter of Credit to the Administrative Agent for the ratable account of the L/C Lenders (determined in accordance with their respective L/C Percentages) (a “ Letter of Credit Fee ”), and (iii) the Issuing Lender’s standard and reasonable fees with respect to the issuance, amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit issued for the account of (or at the request of) the Borrower or processing of drawings thereunder (the fees in this clause (iii), collectively, the “ Issuing Lender Fees ”).  The Issuing Lender Fees shall be paid when required by the Issuing Lender, and the Letter of Credit Fronting Fee and the Letter of Credit Fee shall be payable quarterly in arrears on the last Business Day of March, June, September and December of each year and on the Letter of Credit Maturity Date (each, an “ L/C Fee Payment Date ”) after the issuance date of such Letter of Credit.  All Letter of Credit Fronting Fees and Letter of Credit Fees shall be computed on the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 360 days.
 
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(b)           In addition to the foregoing fees, the Borrower shall pay or reimburse the Issuing Lender for such normal and customary costs and expenses as are incurred or charged by the Issuing Lender in issuing, negotiating, effecting payment under, amending or otherwise administering any Letter of Credit.
 
(c)           The Borrower shall furnish to the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent such other documents and information pertaining to any requested Letter of Credit issuance, amendment or renewal, including any L/C-Related Documents, as the Issuing Lender or the Administrative Agent may require.  This Agreement shall control in the event of any conflict with any L/C-Related Document (other than any Letter of Credit).
 
(d)           Any Letter of Credit Fees otherwise payable for the account of a Defaulting Lender with respect to any Letter of Credit as to which such Defaulting Lender has not provided Cash Collateral satisfactory to the Issuing Lender pursuant to Section 3.10 shall be payable, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, to the other L/C Lenders in accordance with the upward adjustments in their respective L/C Percentages allocable to such Letter of Credit pursuant to Section 2.21(a)(iv) , with the balance of such Letter of Credit Fees, if any, payable to the Issuing Lender for its own account.
 
(e)            All fees payable pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be fully-earned on the date paid and shall not be refundable for any reason.
 
3.4          L/C Participations; Existing Letters of Credit .
 
(a)           L/C Participations .  The Issuing Lender irrevocably agrees to grant and hereby grants to each L/C Lender, and, to induce the Issuing Lender to issue Letters of Credit, each L/C Lender irrevocably agrees to accept and purchase and hereby accepts and purchases from the Issuing Lender, on the terms and conditions set forth below, for such L/C Lender’s own account and risk an undivided interest equal to such L/C Lender’s L/C Percentage in the Issuing Lender’s obligations and rights under and in respect of each Letter of Credit and the amount of each draft paid by the Issuing Lender thereunder.  Each L/C Lender agrees with the Issuing Lender that, if a draft is paid under any Letter of Credit for which the Issuing Lender is not reimbursed in full by the Borrower pursuant to Section 3.5(a) , such L/C Lender shall pay to the Issuing Lender upon demand at the Issuing Lender’s address for notices specified herein an amount equal to such L/C Lender’s L/C Percentage of the amount of such draft, or any part thereof, that is not so reimbursed.  Each L/C Lender’s obligation to pay such amount shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (i) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right that such L/C Lender may have against the Issuing Lender, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever, (ii) the occurrence of a Default or an Event of Default or the failure to satisfy any of the other conditions specified in Section 5.2 , (iii) any adverse change in the condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrower, (iv) any breach of this Agreement or any other Loan Document by the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any other L/C Lender, or (v) any other circumstance, happening or event whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing.
 
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(b)           Existing Letters of Credit .  On and after the Closing Date, each Existing Letter of Credit shall be deemed for all purposes, including for purposes of the fees to be collected pursuant to Sections 3.3(a) and (b) , reimbursement of costs and expenses to the extent provided herein and for purposes of being secured by the Collateral, a Letter of Credit outstanding under this Agreement and entitled to the benefits of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and shall be governed by the applications and agreements pertaining thereto and by this Agreement (which shall control in the event of a conflict).
 
3.5          Reimbursement .
 
(a)           If the Issuing Lender shall make any L/C Disbursement in respect of a Letter of Credit, the Issuing Lender shall notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent thereof and the Borrower shall pay or cause to be paid to the Issuing Lender an amount equal to the entire amount of such L/C Disbursement not later than (i) the immediately following Business Day if the Issuing Lender issues such notice before 10:00 a.m. Pacific time on the date of such L/C Disbursement, or (ii) on the second following Business Day if the Issuing Lender issues such notice at or after 10:00 a.m. Pacific time on the date of such L/C Disbursement.  Each such payment shall be made to the Issuing Lender at its address for notices referred to herein in Dollars and in immediately available funds.
 
(b)          If the Issuing Lender shall not have received from the Borrower the payment that it is required to make pursuant to Section 3.5(a) with respect to a Letter of Credit within the time specified in such Section, the Issuing Lender will promptly notify the Administrative Agent of the L/C Disbursement and the Administrative Agent will promptly notify each L/C Lender of such L/C Disbursement and its L/C Percentage thereof, and each L/C Lender shall pay to the Issuing Lender upon demand at the Issuing Lender’s address for notices specified herein an amount equal to such L/C Lender’s L/C Percentage of such L/C Disbursement (and the Administrative Agent may apply Cash Collateral provided for this purpose) and upon such payment pursuant to this paragraph to reimburse the Issuing Lender for any L/C Disbursement, the Borrower shall be required to reimburse the L/C Lenders for such payments (including interest accrued thereon from the date of such payment until the date of such reimbursement at the rate applicable to Revolving Loans that are ABR Loans plus 2% per annum) on demand; provided that if at the time of and after giving effect to such payment by the L/C Lenders, the conditions to borrowings and Revolving Loan Conversions set forth in Section 5.2 are satisfied, the Borrower may, by written notice to the Administrative Agent certifying that such conditions are satisfied and that all interest owing under this paragraph has been paid, request that such payments by the L/C Lenders be converted into Revolving Loans (a “ Revolving Loan Conversion ”), in which case, if such conditions are in fact satisfied, the L/C Lenders shall be deemed to have extended, and the Borrower shall be deemed to have accepted, a Revolving Loan in the aggregate principal amount of such payment without further action on the part of any party, and the Total L/C Commitments shall be permanently reduced by such amount; any amount so paid pursuant to this paragraph shall, on and after the payment date thereof, be deemed to be Revolving Loans for all purposes hereunder; provided that the Issuing Lender, at its option, may effectuate a Revolving Loan Conversion regardless of whether the conditions to borrowings and Revolving Loan Conversions set forth in Section 5.2 are satisfied.
 
3.6           Obligations Absolute .  The Borrower’s obligations under this Section 3 shall be absolute and unconditional under any and all circumstances and irrespective of any setoff, counterclaim or defense to payment that the Borrower may have or have had against the Issuing Lender, any beneficiary of a Letter of Credit or any other Person.  The Borrower also agrees with the Issuing Lender that the Issuing Lender shall not be responsible for, and the Borrower’s obligations hereunder shall not be affected by, among other things, the validity or genuineness of documents or of any endorsements thereon, even though such documents shall in fact prove to be invalid, fraudulent or forged, or any dispute between or among the Borrower and any beneficiary of any Letter of Credit or any other party to which such Letter of Credit may be transferred or any claims whatsoever of the Borrower against any beneficiary of such Letter of Credit or any such transferee.  The Issuing Lender shall not be liable for any error, omission, interruption or delay in transmission, dispatch or delivery of any message or advice, however transmitted, in connection with any Letter of Credit, except for errors or omissions found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Issuing Lender.  The Borrower agrees that any action taken or omitted by the Issuing Lender under or in connection with any Letter of Credit or the related drafts or documents, if done in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct, shall be binding on the Borrower and shall not result in any liability of the Issuing Lender to the Borrower.
 
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In addition to amounts payable as elsewhere provided in the Agreement, the Borrower hereby agrees to pay and to protect, indemnify, and save Issuing Lender harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities, damages, losses, costs, charges and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and allocated costs of internal counsel) that the Issuing Lender may incur or be subject to as a consequence, direct or indirect, of (a) the issuance of any Letter of Credit, or (c) the failure of Issuing Lender or of any L/C Lender to honor a demand for payment under any Letter of Credit thereof as a result of any act or omission, whether rightful or wrongful, of any present or future de jure or de facto government or Governmental Authority, in each case other than to the extent solely as a result of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Issuing Lender or such L/C Lender (as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction).
 
3.7          Letter of Credit Payments .  If any draft shall be presented for payment under any Letter of Credit, the Issuing Lender shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent of the date and amount thereof.  The responsibility of the Issuing Lender to the Borrower in connection with any draft presented for payment under any Letter of Credit shall, in addition to any payment obligation expressly provided for in such Letter of Credit, be limited to determining that the documents (including each draft) delivered under such Letter of Credit in connection with such presentment are substantially in conformity with such Letter of Credit.
 
3.8          Applications .  To the extent that any provision of any Application related to any Letter of Credit is inconsistent with the provisions of this Section 3 , the provisions of this Section 3 shall apply.
 
3.9          Interim Interest .  If the Issuing Lender shall make any L/C Disbursement in respect of a Letter of Credit, then, unless either the Borrower shall have reimbursed such L/C Disbursement in full within the time period specified in Section 3.5(a) or the L/C Lenders shall have reimbursed such L/C Disbursement in full on such date as provided in Section 3.5(b) , in each case the unpaid amount thereof shall bear interest for the account of the Issuing Lender, for each day from and including the date of such L/C Disbursement to but excluding the earlier of the date of payment by the Borrower, at the rate per annum that would apply to such amount if such amount were a Revolving Loan that is an ABR Loan; provided that the provisions of Section 2.12(c) shall be applicable to any such amounts not paid when due.
 
3.10        Cash Collateral .
 
(a)           Certain Credit Support Events .  Upon the request of the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender (i) if the Issuing Lender has honored any full or partial drawing request under any Letter of Credit and such drawing has resulted in an L/C Advance by all the L/C Lenders that is not reimbursed by the Borrower or converted into a Revolving Loan pursuant to Section 3.5(b) , or (ii) if, as of the Letter of Credit Maturity Date, any L/C Exposure for any reason remains outstanding, the Borrower shall, in each case, promptly Cash Collateralize the then effective L/C Exposure in an amount equal to 105% of such L/C Exposure.
 
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At any time that there shall exist a Defaulting Lender, within one Business Day following the request of the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent Cash Collateral in an amount sufficient to cover 105% of the Fronting Exposure relating to Letters of Credit (after giving effect to Section 2.21(a)(iv) and any Cash Collateral provided by such Defaulting Lender).
 
(b)           Grant of Security Interest .  All Cash Collateral (other than credit support not constituting funds subject to deposit) shall be maintained in blocked, non-interest bearing deposit accounts with the Administrative Agent.  The Borrower, and to the extent provided by any Lender or Defaulting Lender, such Lender or Defaulting Lender, hereby grants to (and subjects to the control of) the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the L/C Lenders, and agrees to maintain, a first priority security interest and Lien in all such Cash Collateral and in all proceeds thereof, as security for the Obligations to which such Cash Collateral may be applied pursuant to Section 3.10(c) .  If at any time the Administrative Agent determines that Cash Collateral is subject to any right or claim of any Person other than the Administrative Agent or any Issuing Lender as herein provided, or that the total amount of such Cash Collateral is less than 105% of the applicable L/C Exposure, Fronting Exposure and other Obligations secured thereby, the Borrower or the relevant Lender or Defaulting Lender, as applicable, will, promptly upon demand by the Administrative Agent, pay or provide to the Administrative Agent additional Cash Collateral in an amount sufficient to eliminate such deficiency (after giving effect to any Cash Collateral provided by such Defaulting Lender).
 
(c)           Application .  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Cash Collateral provided under any of this Section 3.10 , Section 2.21 or otherwise in respect of Letters of Credit shall be held and applied to the satisfaction of the specific L/C Exposure, obligations to fund participations therein (including, as to Cash Collateral provided by a Defaulting Lender, any interest accrued on such obligation) and other obligations for which the Cash Collateral was so provided, prior to any other application of such property as may otherwise be provided for herein.
 
(d)            Termination of Requirement .  Cash Collateral (or the appropriate portion thereof) provided to reduce Fronting Exposure in respect of Letters of Credit or other Obligations shall no longer be required to be held as Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 3.10 following (i) the elimination of the applicable Fronting Exposure and other Obligations giving rise thereto (including by the termination of the Defaulting Lender status of the applicable Lender), or (ii) a determination by the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender that there exists excess Cash Collateral; provided , however , (A) that Cash Collateral furnished by or on behalf of a Loan Party shall not be released during the continuance of an Event of Default, and (B) that, subject to Section 2.21 , the Person providing such Cash Collateral and the Issuing Lender may agree that such Cash Collateral shall not be released but instead shall be held to support future anticipated Fronting Exposure or other obligations, and provided   further , that to the extent that such Cash Collateral was provided by the Borrower or any other Loan Party, such Cash Collateral shall remain subject to any security interest and Lien granted pursuant to the Loan Documents or any applicable Bank Services Agreement.
 
3.11        Additional Issuing Lenders .  The Borrower may, at any time and from time to time with the consent of the Administrative Agent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) and such Lender or Lenders, as applicable, designate one or more additional Lenders to act as a Letter of Credit issuing bank under the terms of this Agreement.  Any Lender designated as a Letter of Credit issuing bank pursuant to this paragraph shall be deemed to be an “ Issuing Lender ” (in addition to being a Lender) in respect of Letters of Credit issued or to be issued by such Lender, and, with respect to such Letters of Credit, such term shall thereafter apply to the other Issuing Lender and such Lender.
 
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3.12        Resignation of the Issuing Lender .  The Issuing Lender may resign at any time by giving at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower.  Subject to the next succeeding paragraph, upon the acceptance of any appointment as the Issuing Lender hereunder by a Lender that shall agree to serve as successor Issuing Lender, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all the interests, rights and obligations of the retiring Issuing Lender and the retiring Issuing Lender shall be discharged from its obligations to issue additional Letters of Credit hereunder without affecting its rights and obligations with respect to Letters of Credit previously issued by it.  At the time such resignation shall become effective, the Borrower shall pay all accrued and unpaid fees pursuant to Section 3.3 .  The acceptance of any appointment as the Issuing Lender hereunder by a successor Lender shall be evidenced by an agreement entered into by such successor, in a form satisfactory to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and, from and after the effective date of such agreement, (i) such successor Lender shall have all the rights and obligations of the previous Issuing Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents (other than with respect to the rights of the retiring Issuing Lender with respect to Letters of Credit issued by such retiring Issuing Lender) and (ii) references herein and in the other Loan Documents to the term “Issuing Lender” shall be deemed to refer to such successor or to any previous Issuing Lender, or to such successor and all previous Issuing Lenders, as the context shall require.  After the resignation of the Issuing Lender hereunder, the retiring Issuing Lender shall remain a party hereto and shall continue to have all the rights and obligations of an Issuing Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents with respect to Letters of Credit issued by it prior to such resignation, but shall not be required to issue additional Letters of Credit or to extend, renew or increase any existing Letter of Credit.
 
3.13        Applicability of ISP .  Unless otherwise expressly agreed by the Issuing Lender and the Borrower when a Letter of Credit is issued (including pursuant to any such agreement applicable to any Existing Letter of Credit) and subject to applicable laws, the Letters of Credit shall be governed by and subject to the rules of the ISP.
 
SECTION 4

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
To induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into this Agreement and to make Loans and to issue the Letters of Credit hereunder, the Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, as to itself, each of its Subsidiaries and each other Loan Party, as applicable, that:
 
4.1           Financial Condition .
 
(a)           The Pro Forma Financial Statements have been prepared giving effect (as if such events had occurred as of the date of such Pro Forma Financial Statements) to (i) the Loans, if any, to be made on the Closing Date and the use of proceeds thereof, and (ii) the payment of fees and expenses in connection with the foregoing.  The Pro Forma Financial Statements have been prepared based on the best information available to the Borrower as of the date thereof, and present fairly in all material respects on a pro forma basis the estimated consolidated financial position of Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2014 assuming that the events specified in the preceding sentence had actually occurred at such date.
 
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(b) The audited annual consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2012, June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2014, reported on by and accompanied by an unqualified report from Deloitte & Touche LLC, present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and such Subsidiaries as at such dates, and the consolidated results of its operations and its consolidated cash flows for the respective fiscal years then ended.  All such financial statements, including the related schedules and notes thereto, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied consistently throughout the periods involved (except as approved by the aforementioned firm of accountants and disclosed therein).  No Group Member has, as of the Closing Date, any material Guarantee Obligations, contingent liabilities and liabilities for taxes, or any long‑term leases or unusual forward or long‑term commitments, including any interest rate or foreign currency swap or exchange transaction or other obligation in respect of derivatives, that, to the extent required to be shown in accordance with GAAP, are not reflected in the most recent financial statements referred to in this paragraph.  During the period from June 30, 2014 to and including the date hereof, there has been no Disposition by any Group Member of any material part of its business or property.
 
4.2          No Change .  Since June 30, 2014, there has been no development or event that has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
4.3          Existence; Compliance with Law .  Each Group Member (a) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (b) has the power and authority, and the legal right, to own and operate its property, to lease the property it operates as lessee and to conduct the business in which it is currently engaged, (c) is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or other organization and in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where the failure to be so qualified would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (d) is in material compliance with all Requirements of Law except in such instances in which (i) such Requirement of Law is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and the prosecution of such contest would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) the failure to comply therewith, either individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
4.4           Power, Authorization; Enforceable Obligations .  Each Loan Party has the power and authority, and the legal right, to make, deliver and perform the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of the Borrower, to obtain extensions of credit hereunder.  Each Loan Party has taken all necessary organizational action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of the Borrower, to authorize the extensions of credit on the terms and conditions of this Agreement.  No Governmental Approval or consent or authorization of, filing with, notice to or other act by or in respect of, any other Person is required in connection with the extensions of credit hereunder or with the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Loan Documents, except (i) Governmental Approvals, consents, authorizations, filings and notices described in Part A of Schedule 4.4 , which Governmental Approvals, consents, authorizations, filings and notices have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect, (ii) the filings referred to in Section 4.19 , (iii) Governmental Approvals described in Part B of Schedule 4.4 .  Each Loan Document has been duly executed and delivered on behalf of each Loan Party party thereto.  This Agreement constitutes, and each other Loan Document upon execution will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of each Loan Party party thereto, enforceable against each such Loan Party in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles (whether enforcement is sought by proceedings in equity or at law).
 
4.5          No Legal Bar .  The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, the issuance of Letters of Credit, the borrowings hereunder and the use of the proceeds thereof will not violate any Requirement of Law or any material Contractual Obligation of any Group Member and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any Lien on any of their respective properties or revenues pursuant to any Requirement of Law or any such material Contractual Obligation (other than the Liens created by the Security Documents).  No Requirement of Law or Contractual Obligation applicable to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
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4.6          Litigation .  No litigation, investigation or proceeding of or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority is pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened by or against any Group Member or against any of their respective properties or revenues (a) with respect to any of the Loan Documents or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or (b) that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
4.7          No Default .  No Group Member is in default under or with respect to any of its Contractual Obligations in any respect that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, nor shall either result from the making of a requested credit extension.
 
4.8          Ownership of Property; Liens; Investments Each Group Member has title in fee simple to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its real property, and good title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all of its other property, and none of such property is subject to any Lien except as permitted by Section 7.3 .  No Loan Party owns any Investment except as permitted by Section 7.8 Section 10 of the Collateral Information Certificate sets forth a complete and accurate list of all real property owned by each Loan Party as of the date hereof, if any.  Section 11 of the Collateral Information Certificate sets forth a complete and accurate list of all leases of real property under which any Loan Party is the lessee as of the date hereof.
 
4.9          Intellectual Property .  Except as disclosed in Schedule 4.9 , (a) to the knowledge of the Borrower, each Group Member owns, or is licensed to use, all Intellectual Property necessary for the conduct of its business as currently conducted, except where the failure of any such Group Member to so own or license any such Intellectual Property would not reasonably be expected to materially impair the ability of the Borrower, or of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, to operate its business in any material respect, (b) no claim has been asserted and is pending by any Person, or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened to such effect, challenging or questioning any Group Member’s use of any Intellectual Property or the validity or effectiveness of any Group Member’s Intellectual Property (other than any claim made by any examining authority in connection with any national or regional Patent, Trademark or Copyright offices in connection with the application by any applicable Group Member for and/or prosecution of any Patent, Trademark or Copyright registration to the extent any such claim is made by such examining authority as a matter of standard application procedure and not in response to any specific information held by such examining authority suggesting that any such Intellectual Property of such Group Member is invalid or challenging any such Group Member’s use of such Intellectual Property), nor does the Borrower know of any valid basis for any such claim, unless such claim would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (c) the use of Intellectual Property by each Group Member, and the conduct of such Group Member’s business, as currently conducted, does not infringe on or otherwise violate the rights of any Person, unless such infringement would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
4.10        Taxes .  (a) Each Group Member has filed or caused to be filed all Federal income, state income and other material tax returns that are required to be filed and has paid all taxes shown to be due and payable on said returns or on any assessments made against it or any of its property and all other taxes, fees or other charges imposed on it or any of its property by any Governmental Authority (other than any the amount or validity of which are currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in conformity with GAAP have been provided on the books of the relevant Group Member); (b) no tax Lien has been filed with respect to any such tax, fee or other charge (other than Liens the enforcement and execution of which has been stayed); and (c) there is no proposed tax assessment or other asserted claim against the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries which, if made, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
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4.11        Federal Regulations .  No part of the proceeds of any Loans, and no other extensions of credit hereunder, will be used (a) for “buying” or “carrying” any “margin stock” within the respective meanings of each of the quoted terms under Regulation U as now and from time to time hereafter in effect for any purpose that violates the provisions of the Regulations of the Board or (b) for any purpose that violates the provisions of the Regulations of the Board.  If requested by any Lender or the Administrative Agent, the Borrower will furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender a statement to the foregoing effect in conformity with the requirements of FR Form G-3 or FR Form U-1, as applicable, referred to in Regulation U.
 
4.12       Labor Matters .  Except as, in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect:  (a) there are no strikes or other labor disputes against any Group Member pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened; (b) hours worked by and payment made to employees of each Group Member have not been in violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act or any other applicable Requirement of Law dealing with such matters; and (c) all payments due from any Group Member on account of employee health and welfare insurance have been paid or accrued as a liability on the books of the relevant Group Member.
 
4.13         ERISA .  (a) Each Loan Party and each of its respective ERISA Affiliates are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable provisions and requirements of ERISA with respect to each Pension Plan, and have performed all their obligations under each Pension Plan;
 
(b)           no ERISA Event has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur;
 
(c)           each Loan Party and each of its respective ERISA Affiliates has met all applicable requirements under the ERISA Funding Rules with respect to each Pension Plan, and no waiver of the minimum funding standards under the ERISA Funding Rules has been applied for or obtained;
 
(d)           as of the most recent valuation date for any Pension Plan, the funding target attainment percentage (as defined in Section 430(d)(2) of the Code) is at least 60%, and no Loan Party nor any of its respective ERISA Affiliates knows of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to cause the funding target attainment percentage to fall below 60% as of the most recent valuation date;
 
(e)           as of the most recent valuation date for any Pension Plan, the amount of outstanding benefit liabilities (as defined in Section 4001(a)(18) of ERISA), individually or in the aggregate for all Pension Plans (excluding for purposes of such computation any Pension Plans with respect to which assets exceed benefit liabilities), does not exceed the Threshold Amount;
 
(f)            the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder will not involve any transaction that is subject to the prohibitions of Section 406 of ERISA or in connection with which taxes could be imposed pursuant to Section 4975(c)(1)(A)-(D) of the Code;
 
(g)            all liabilities under each Pension Plan are (i) funded to at least the minimum level required by law or, if higher, to the level required by the terms governing the Pension Plans, (ii) insured with a reputable insurance company, (iii) provided for or recognized in the financial statements most recently delivered to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant hereto, or (iv) estimated in the formal notes to the financial statements most recently delivered to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant hereto;
 
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(h)           there are no circumstances which may give rise to a liability in relation to any Pension Plan which is not funded, insured, provided for, recognized or estimated in the manner described in clause(f); and
 
(i)            (i) no Loan Party is nor will any such Loan Party be a “plan” within the meaning of Section 4975(e) of the Code; (ii) the respective assets of the Loan Parties do not and will not constitute “plan assets” within the meaning of the United States Department of Labor Regulations set forth in 29 C.F.R. §2510.3-101; (iii) no Loan Party is nor will any such Loan Party be a “governmental plan” within the meaning of Section 3(32) of ERISA; and (iv) transactions by or with any Loan Party are not and will not be subject to state statutes applicable to such Loan Party regulating investments of fiduciaries with respect to governmental plans;
 
4.14         Investment Company Act; Other Regulations .  No Loan Party is an “investment company,” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company,” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.  Except as set forth in Schedule 4.4 , no Loan Party is subject to regulation under any Requirement of Law (other than Regulation X of the Board) that limits its ability to incur Indebtedness.  No Loan Party is subject to regulation under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005 or the Federal Power Act or under any other federal or state statute or regulation which may limit its ability to incur Indebtedness or which may otherwise render all or any portion of the Obligations unenforceable.
 
4.15        Subsidiaries .  Except as disclosed to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower in writing from time to time after the Closing Date, (a) Schedule 4.15 sets forth the name and jurisdiction of organization of the Borrower and each direct and indirect Subsidiary of the Borrower and, as to each such Subsidiary, the percentage of each class of Capital Stock owned by any Loan Party, and (b) there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, rights or other agreements or commitments (other than stock options granted to employees or directors and directors’ qualifying shares) of any nature relating to any Capital Stock of the Borrower or any such Subsidiary, except as may be created by the Loan Documents.
 
4.16        Use of Proceeds .  The proceeds of the Revolving Loans shall be used to finance Permitted Acquisitions, to pay related fees and expenses, and for general corporate purposes.
 
4.17        Environmental Matters .  Except as, in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect:
 
(a)          Except as disclosed on Schedule 4.17 , the facilities and properties owned, leased or operated by any Group Member (the “ Properties ”) do not contain, and have not previously contained, any Materials of Environmental Concern in amounts or concentrations or under circumstances that constitute or have constituted a violation of, or could give rise to liability under, any Environmental Law;
 
(b)           no Group Member has received or is aware of any notice of violation, alleged violation, non-compliance, liability or potential liability regarding environmental matters or compliance with Environmental Laws with regard to any of the Properties or the business operated by any Group Member (the “ Business ”), nor does the Borrower have knowledge or reason to believe that any such notice will be received or is being threatened;
 
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(c)            no Group Member has transported or disposed of Materials of Environmental Concern from the Properties in violation of, or in a manner or to a location that could give rise to liability under, any Environmental Law, nor has any Group Member generated, treated, stored or disposed of Materials of Environmental Concern at, on or under any of the Properties in violation of, or in a manner that could give rise to liability under, any applicable Environmental Law;
 
(d)            no judicial proceeding or governmental or administrative action is pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened, under any Environmental Law to which any Group Member is or will be named as a party with respect to the Properties or the Business, nor are there any consent decrees or other decrees, consent orders, administrative orders or other orders, or other administrative or judicial requirements outstanding under any Environmental Law with respect to the Properties or the Business;
 
(e)            there has been no release or threat of release of Materials of Environmental Concern at or from the Properties arising from or related to the operations of any Group Member or otherwise in connection with the Business, in violation of or in amounts or in a manner that could give rise to liability under Environmental Laws;
 
(f)           the Properties and all operations of the Group Members at the Properties are in compliance, and have in the last five years been in compliance, with all applicable Environmental Laws, and except as disclosed on Schedule 4.17 , to the knowledge of the Borrower, there is no contamination at, under or about the Properties or violation of any Environmental Law with respect to the Properties or the Business; and
 
(g)           no Group Member has assumed any liability of any other Person under Environmental Laws.
 
4.18         Accuracy of Information, Etc .  No statement or information contained in this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other document, certificate or statement furnished by or on behalf of any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders, or any of them, for use in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the other Loan Documents (in each case, as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished), contained as of the date such statement, information, document or certificate was so furnished, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained herein or therein not misleading.  The projections and pro forma financial information contained in the materials referenced above are based upon good faith estimates and assumptions believed by the management of the Borrower to be reasonable at the time made, it being recognized by the Lenders that such financial information as it relates to future events is not to be viewed as fact and that actual results during the period or periods covered by such financial information may differ from the projected results set forth therein by a material amount.  There is no fact known to any Loan Party that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect that has not been expressly disclosed herein, in the other Loan Documents or in any other documents, certificates and statements furnished to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for use in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and by the other Loan Documents.
 
4.19         Security Documents .  The Guarantee and Collateral Agreement is effective to create in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a legal, valid and enforceable security interest in the Collateral described therein and the proceeds thereof.  In the case of the Pledged Stock, if any, described in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement that are securities represented by stock certificates or otherwise constituting certificated securities within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(15) of the California UCC or the corresponding code or statute of any other applicable jurisdiction (“ Certificated Securities ”), when certificates representing such Pledged Stock are delivered to the Administrative Agent, and in the case of the other Collateral constituting personal property described in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, when financing statements and other filings specified on Schedule 4.19(a) in appropriate form are filed in the offices specified on Schedule 4.19(a) , the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, shall have a fully perfected Lien on, and security interest in, all right, title and interest of the Loan Parties in such Collateral and the proceeds thereof, as security for the Obligations, in each case prior and superior in right to any other Person (except, in the case of Collateral other than Pledged Stock, Liens permitted by Section 7.3 ).  Schedule 4.19(b) , together with any written supplements thereto delivered by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent from time to time after the Closing Date, specifies each Group Member having issued any Capital Stock that is a Certificated Security.
 
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4.20        Solvency .  Each Loan Party is, and after giving effect to the incurrence of all Indebtedness and obligations being incurred in connection herewith and therewith will be and will continue to be, Solvent.
 
4.21        Designated Senior Indebtedness .  The Loan Documents   and all of the Obligations have been deemed “Designated Senior Indebtedness” or a similar concept thereto, if applicable, for purposes of any other Indebtedness of the Loan Parties.
 
4.22        Reserved .
 
4.23        Insurance.   All insurance maintained by the Loan Parties is in full force and effect, all premiums have been duly paid, no Loan Party has received notice of violation or cancellation thereof, and there exists no default under any requirement of such insurance.  Each Loan Party maintains insurance with financially sound and reputable insurance companies insurance on all its property (and also with respect to its foreign receivables) in at least such amounts and against at least such risks (but including in any event public liability, product liability and business interruption) as are usually insured against in the same general area by companies engaged in the same or a similar business.
 
4.24       No Casualty.   No Loan Party has received any notice of, nor does any Loan Party have any knowledge of, the occurrence or pendency or contemplation of any Casualty Event that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
4.25         OFAC.  Neither the Borrower, nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative thereof, is an individual or entity the subject of any Sanctions, nor is the Borrower or any Subsidiary located, organized or resident in a Designated Jurisdiction.
 
4.26        Anti-Corruption Laws.  The Borrower and its Subsidiaries have conducted their businesses in compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintained policies and procedures designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws.
 
SECTION 5

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
 
5.1          Conditions to Initial Extension of Credit .  The effectiveness of this Agreement and the obligation of each Lender to credit extensions hereunder from and after the occurrence of the Closing Date shall be subject to the satisfaction, prior to or concurrently with the making of each such extension of credit, of the following conditions precedent:
 
(a)           Loan Documents .  The Administrative Agent shall have received each of the following, each of which shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent:
 
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(i)             this Agreement, executed and delivered by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower and each Lender listed on Schedule 1.1A ;
 
(ii)           the Collateral Information Certificate, executed by a Responsible Officer of the Loan Parties;
 
(iii)          the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, executed by each Guarantor named therein;
 
(iv)          if required by any Revolving Lender, a Revolving Loan Note executed by the Borrower in favor of such Revolving Lender;
 
(v)           if required by the Swingline Lender, the Swingline Loan Note executed by the Borrower in favor of such Swingline Lender;
 
(vi)           each Intellectual Property Security Agreement, executed by the applicable Grantor related thereto;
 
(vii)         the SVB Deposit Account Control Agreement, executed by the Borrower, SVB and the Administrative Agent;
 
(viii)        the SAM Securities Account Control Agreement, executed by the Borrower, SVB Asset Management, the Administrative Agent and U.S. Bank, National Association;
 
(ix)           each other Security Document, executed and delivered by the applicable Loan Party party thereto; and
 
(x)            a completed Compliance Certificate as of the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Borrower ended on June 30, 2014;
 
(b)          Pro Forma Financial Statements; Financial Statements; Projections .  The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) the Pro Forma Financial Statements, and (ii) the audited annual consolidated financial statements of the Borrower as of June 30, 2012, June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2014.
 
(c)           Governmental and Other Approvals .
 
(i)            Except for the Governmental Approvals described in Schedule 4.4 , all Governmental Approvals and consents and approvals of, or notices to, any other Person (including the holders of any Capital Stock issued by any Loan Party) required in connection with the execution and performance of the Loan Documents, the continuing operations of the Group Members, the operations of the Group Members as expected to result from the consummation of the other transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents, shall have been obtained and be in full force and effect, and all applicable waiting periods shall have expired without any action being taken or threatened by any competent authority that could reasonably be expected to restrain, prevent or otherwise impose burdensome conditions on the financing contemplated hereby.  The absence of obtaining the Governmental Approvals described in Schedule 4.5 shall not have an adverse effect on any rights of the Lenders, the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Loan Documents or an adverse effect on the Group Members with regard to their continuing operations.
 
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(ii)            The Borrower shall have caused to be delivered such consents, waivers and other documentation as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require from any counterparty to any material Contractual Obligation of any Loan Party that would otherwise be violated as a result of the execution by such Loan Party of the Loan Documents.
 
(d)           Secretary’s or Managing Member’s Certificates; Certified Operating Documents; Good Standing Certificates .  The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate of each Loan Party, dated the Closing Date and executed by the Secretary, Managing Member or equivalent officer of such Loan Party, substantially in the form of Exhibit C , with appropriate insertions and attachments, including (i) the Operating Documents of such Loan Party, (ii) the relevant board resolutions or written consents of such Loan Party adopted by such Loan Party for the purposes of authorizing such Loan Party to enter into and perform the Loan Documents to which such Loan Party is party, (iii) the names, titles, incumbency and signature specimens of those representatives of such Loan Party who have been authorized by such resolutions and/or written consents to execute Loan Documents on behalf of such Loan Party, (iv) a good standing certificate for such Loan Party certified as of a recent date by the appropriate Governmental Authority of its respective jurisdiction of organization, and (v) certificates of qualification as a foreign corporation issued by each jurisdiction in which the failure of such Loan Party to be so qualified could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
(e)            Responsible Officer’s Certificates .
 
(i)            The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer of each Loan Party, dated as of the Closing Date and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to it, either (A) attaching copies of all consents, licenses and approvals (other than any applicable board resolutions or written consents of the Loan Parties) required in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by such Loan Party and the validity against such Loan Party of the Loan Documents to which it is party, and such consents, licenses and approvals shall be in full force and effect, or (B) stating that no such consents, licenses or approvals are so required.
 
(ii)            The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower, dated as of the Closing Date and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to it, certifying (A) that the conditions specified in Sections 5.2(a) and (d) have been satisfied, and (B) that there has been no event or circumstance since June 30, 2014, that has had or that could reasonably be expected to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
 
(f)           Patriot Act .  The Administrative Agent shall have received, prior to the Closing Date, all documentation and other information required by Governmental Authorities under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money-laundering rules and regulations, including the Patriot Act.
 
(g)            Existing Credit Facility, Etc .  The Borrower shall have paid in full in cash all “Obligations” (as defined under the Existing Credit Agreement) under the Existing Credit Agreement other than (i) any such “Obligations” relating to letters-of-credit that shall constitute Existing Letters of Credit from and after the Closing Date pursuant to the terms hereof, and (ii) any such “Obligations” which constitute contingent and unasserted indemnity obligations arising under the terms and provisions of the Existing Credit Agreement and the other Existing Credit Facility Loan Documents.
 
(h)           Collateral Matters .
 
(i)            Lien Searches .  The Administrative Agent shall have received the results of recent lien searches in each of the jurisdictions where any of the Loan Parties is formed or organized, and such searches shall reveal no liens on any of the assets of the Loan Parties except for Liens permitted by Section 7.3 , or Liens securing obligations of the Group Members under the Existing Credit Facility, which Liens shall remain in force and effect and shall secure all Obligations of the Loan Parties to the Secured Parties arising under the Loan Documents.
 
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(ii)            Pledged Stock; Stock Powers; Pledged Notes .  Subject to the provisions of Section 5.3 and to the extent not previously delivered to the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Existing Credit Facility Loan Documents, the Administrative Agent shall have received original versions of (A) the certificates representing the shares of Pledged Stock pledged to the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement as of the Closing Date, together with an undated stock power for each such certificate executed in blank by a duly authorized officer of the pledgor thereof, and (B) each promissory note (if any) pledged to the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) as of the Closing Date pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement (including any such promissory notes evidencing intercompany indebtedness owing by any Affiliate of such Loan Party to such Loan Party), endorsed (without recourse) in blank (or accompanied by an executed transfer form in blank) by the pledgor thereof.
 
(iii)          Filings, Registrations, Recordings, Agreements, Etc.   Subject to the provisions of Section 5.3 and to the extent not previously delivered to the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Existing Credit Facility Loan Documents,  each document (including any UCC financing statements, Intellectual Property Security Agreements, Deposit Account Control Agreements, Securities Account Control Agreements, and landlord access agreements and/or bailee waivers) required by the Loan Documents or under law or reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to be filed, executed, registered or recorded to create in favor of the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties), a perfected Lien on the Collateral described therein, prior and superior in right and priority to any Lien in the Collateral held by any other Person (other than with respect to Liens expressly permitted by Section 7.3 ), shall have been executed (if applicable) and delivered to the Administrative Agent in proper form for filing, registration or recordation.
 
(iv)          Reserved .
 
(i)            Insurance .  To the extent not previously delivered to the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Existing Credit Facility Loan Documents, the Administrative Agent shall have received insurance certificates satisfying the requirements of Section 6.6 hereof and Section 5.2(b) of the Guaranty and Collateral Agreement, together with evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent that the insurance policies of each Loan Party have been endorsed for the purpose of naming the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) as an “additional insured” or “lender loss payee”, as applicable, with respect to such insurance policies, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
(j)            Fees .  The Lenders and the Administrative Agent shall have received all fees required to be paid on or prior to the Closing Date (including pursuant to the Fee Letter), and all reasonable and documented fees and expenses for which invoices have been presented (including the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of legal counsel to the Administrative Agent) for payment on or before the Closing Date.
 
(k)            Legal Opinions .  The Administrative Agent shall have received the executed legal opinion of Fenwick & West LLP, counsel to the Loan Parties, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.  Such legal opinions shall cover such matters incident to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Loan Documents as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require.  For purposes of this Section 5.1(k) , “Loan Parties” shall mean the Borrower and any Guarantor that is party to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement as of the Closing Date.
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(l)            Borrowing Notices .  The Administrative Agent shall have received, in respect of any Revolving Loans to be made on the Closing Date, a completed Notice of Borrowing executed by the Borrower and otherwise complying with the requirements of Section 2.2 .
 
(m)          Solvency Certificate .  The Administrative Agent shall have received a solvency certificate from the chief financial officer or treasurer of the Borrower, substantially in the form of Exhibit D , certifying that each of the Loan Parties, after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby (including the making of any extensions of credit on the Closing Date), is Solvent.
 
(n)           No Material Adverse Effect .  There shall not have occurred since June 30, 2014 any event or condition that has had or would be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
 
(o)          No Litigation .  No litigation, investigation or proceeding of or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority is pending or, to the knowledge of any Group Member, threatened in writing, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
For purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 5.1 , each Lender that has executed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter either sent (or made available) by the Administrative Agent to such Lender for consent, approval, acceptance or satisfaction, or required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to such Lender, unless an officer of the Administrative Agent responsible for the transactions contemplated by the Loan Documents shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the Closing Date specifying such Lender’s objection thereto and either such objection shall not have been withdrawn by notice to the Administrative Agent to that effect on or prior to the Closing Date or, if any extension of credit on the Closing Date has been requested, such Lender shall not have made available to the Administrative Agent on or prior to the Closing Date such Lender’s Revolving Percentage of such requested extension of credit.
 
5.2          Conditions to Each Extension of Credit .  The agreement of each Lender to make any extension of credit requested to be made by it on any date (including its initial extension of credit but excluding any conversion of Eurodollar Loans to ABR Loans and any continuation of Eurodollar Loans pursuant to Section 2.10 ) is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:
 
(a)           Representations and Warranties .  Each of the representations and warranties made by each Loan Party in or pursuant to any Loan Document (i) that is qualified by materiality shall be true and correct, and (ii) that is not qualified by materiality, shall be true and correct in all material respects, in each case, on and as of such date as if made on and as of such date, except to the extent any such representation and warranty expressly relates to an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date.
 
(b)           Availability .  With respect to any requests for any Revolving Extensions of Credit, after giving effect to such Revolving Extension of Credit, the availability and borrowing limitations specified in Section 2.1 shall be complied with.
 
(c)           Notices of Borrowing .  The Administrative Agent shall have received a Notice of Borrowing in connection with any such request for extension of credit which complies with the requirements hereof.
 
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(d)           No Default .  No Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing as of or on such date or after giving effect to the extensions of credit requested to be made on such date.
 
Each borrowing by and issuance of a Letter of Credit on behalf of the Borrower hereunder and each Revolving Loan Conversion (other than any conversion of Eurodollar Loans to ABR Loans and continuation of Eurodollar Loans pursuant to Section 2.10 )) shall constitute a representation and warranty by the Borrower as of the date of such extension of credit, Revolving Loan Conversion or conversion, as applicable, that the conditions contained in this Section 5.2 have been satisfied.
 
5.3           Post-Closing Conditions Subsequent .  The Borrower shall satisfy each of the conditions subsequent to the Closing Date specified in this Section 5.3 to the reasonable satisfaction of the Administrative Agent, in each case by no later than the date specified for such condition below:
 
(a)           The Borrower shall cause to be delivered by no later than the date occurring 60 days after the Closing Date each landlord consent and/or bailee waiver required to be delivered pursuant to the terms of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, executed by the applicable landlords and/or bailees related thereto;
 
(b)           The Administrative Agent shall have received, by no later than the date occurring 45 days after the Closing Date, the certificates representing the certificated shares of Capital Stock pledged to the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, together with an undated stock power for each such certificate executed in blank by a duly authorized officer of the pledgor thereof;
 
(c)           The Borrower shall (i) cause each Loan Party and each counsel to such Loan Parties to deliver to the Administrative Agent by no later than the date occurring ten Business Days after the Closing Date, the originally-executed signature pages of such Persons to any of the agreements, opinions and other documents referenced in Section 5.1 (including any such signature pages to this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents) in respect of which the Administrative Agent, as an accommodation to such Loan Parties, has agreed to accept copies of such Persons’ signature pages for purposes of the closing of this Agreement and certain of the other Loan Documents, and (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts to cause any other Persons party to any agreements or other documents referenced in Section 5.1 to deliver to the Administrative Agent by no later than the date occurring 30 days after the Closing Date the originally-executed signature pages of such Persons to any of the agreements, notice acknowledgments and other documents referenced in Section 5.1 in respect of which the Administrative Agent, as an accommodation to such Loan Parties, has agreed to accept copies of such Persons’ signature pages for purposes of the closing of this Agreement and certain of the other Loan Documents.
 
SECTION 6

AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
 
The Borrower hereby agrees that, at all times prior to the Discharge of Obligations, the Borrower shall, and, where applicable, shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to:
 
6.1           Financial Statements .  Furnish to the Administrative Agent, with sufficient copies for distribution to each Lender:
 
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(a)           as soon as available, but in any event within (i) 90 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower or, (ii) if the Borrower has been granted an extension by the SEC with respect to any fiscal year of the Borrower permitting the late filing by the Borrower of any annual report on form 10-K, the earlier of (x) 120 days after the end of such fiscal year of the Borrower and (y) the last day of such extension period, a copy of the audited consolidated and consolidating balance sheet of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal year and the related audited consolidated and consolidating statements of income and of cash flows for such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous year, reported on without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception, or qualification arising out of the scope of the audit, by Deloitte & Touche LLC or other independent certified public accountants of nationally recognized standing and reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent; and
 
(b)           as soon as available, but in any event within (i) 45 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarterly periods of each fiscal year of the Borrower, commencing with the fiscal quarter of the Borrower ended September 30, 2014, or, (ii) if the Borrower has been granted an extension by the SEC with respect to any fiscal quarter of the Borrower permitting the late filing by the Borrower of any quarterly report on form 10-Q, the earlier of (x) 60 days after the end of such fiscal quarter of the Borrower and (y) the last day of such extension period, the unaudited consolidated and consolidating balance sheet of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal quarter and the related unaudited consolidated and consolidating statements of income and of cash flows for such fiscal quarter and the portion of the fiscal year through the end of such fiscal quarter, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous year, certified by a Responsible Officer as being fairly stated in all material respects (subject to normal year-end audit adjustments).
 
All such financial statements shall be complete and correct in all material respects and shall be prepared in reasonable detail and in accordance with GAAP applied (except as approved by such accountants or officer, as the case may be, and disclosed in reasonable detail therein) consistently throughout the periods reflected therein and with prior periods.
 
Additionally, documents required to be delivered pursuant to this Section 6.1 and Section 6.2(e) (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and if so, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date on which the Borrower posts such documents, or provides a link thereto, either: (i) on the Borrower’s website on the Internet at the website address listed in Section 10.2 ; or (ii) when such documents are posted electronically on the Borrower’s behalf on an internet or intranet website to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent has access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent), if any; provided that: (A) the Borrower shall deliver paper copies of such documents to the Administrative Agent or any Lender upon its request to the Borrower to deliver such paper copies until written request to cease delivering paper copies is given by the Administrative Agent or such Lender; and (B) the Borrower shall notify (which may be by facsimile or electronic mail) the Administrative Agent and each Lender of the posting of any such documents and provide to the Administrative Agent by email electronic versions (i.e. soft copies) of such documents.  The Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery of or to maintain paper copies of the documents referred to above, and in any event shall have no responsibility to monitor compliance by the Borrower with any such request by a Lender for delivery, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for requesting delivery to it or maintaining its copies of such documents.
 
6.2           Certificates; Reports; Other Information .  Furnish (or, in the case of clause (a), use commercially reasonable efforts to furnish) to the Administrative Agent, for distribution to each Lender (or, in the case of clause (k), to the relevant Lender):
 
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(a)           concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Section 6.1(a) , a certificate of the independent certified public accountants reporting on such financial statements stating that in making the examination necessary therefor no knowledge was obtained of any Default or Event of Default, except as specified in such certificate;
 
(b)           (i) concurrently with the delivery of any financial statements pursuant to Section 6.1 , a certificate of a Responsible Officer stating that, to the best of such Responsible Officer’s knowledge, each Loan Party during such period has observed or performed all of its covenants and other agreements, and satisfied every condition contained in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party to be observed, performed or satisfied by it, and that such Responsible Officer has obtained no knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except as specified in such certificate and (ii) in the case of quarterly or annual financial statements, (x) a Compliance Certificate containing all information and calculations necessary for determining compliance by each Group Member with the provisions of this Agreement referred to therein as of the last day of the month, fiscal quarter or fiscal year of the Borrower, as the case may be, and (y) to the extent not previously disclosed to the Administrative Agent, a description of any change in the jurisdiction of organization of any Loan Party and a list of any Intellectual Property created or acquired by any Loan Party which is registered or becomes registered or the subject of an application for registration or is issued to by any Loan Party since the date of the most recent report delivered pursuant to this clause (y) (or, in the case of the first such report so delivered, since the Closing Date);
 
(c)            as soon as available, and in any event no later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower, a detailed consolidated budget for the following fiscal year (including a projected consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the end of each fiscal quarter of such fiscal year, the related consolidated statement of projected cash flow and the related consolidated statement of projected income), and, as soon as available, significant revisions, if any, of such budget and projections with respect to such fiscal year (collectively, the “ Projections ”), which Projections shall in each case be accompanied by a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower stating that such Projections are based on reasonable estimates, information and assumptions believed by the Borrower to be reasonable;
 
(d)            promptly, and in any event within five Business Days after receipt thereof by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, copies of each notice or other correspondence received from the SEC (or comparable agency in any applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction) concerning any investigation or possible investigation or other inquiry by such agency regarding financial or other operational results of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof (other than routine comment letters from the staff of the SEC relating to the Borrower’s filings with the SEC), except where so furnishing the same would violate any applicable law or any policy of the SEC or such other agency;
 
(e)            within five days after the same are sent, copies of each annual report, proxy or financial statement or other material report that the Borrower sends to the holders of any class of the Borrower’s debt securities or public equity securities and, within five days after the same are filed, copies of all annual, regular, periodic and special reports and registration statements which the Borrower may file with the SEC under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, or with any national securities exchange, and not otherwise required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant hereto; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative agent by no later than the date occurring 90 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower a copy of the Borrower’s annual report on form 10-K delivered to the SEC in respect of such fiscal year and (ii) the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent by no later than the date occurring 45 days after the end of each fiscal quarter of the Borrower a copy of the Borrower’s quarterly report on form 10-K delivered to the SEC in respect of such fiscal quarter;
 
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(f)            within ten days after the same are sent or received, copies of all correspondence, reports, documents and other filings with any Governmental Authority regarding compliance with or maintenance of Governmental Approvals or Requirements of Law or that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on any of the Governmental Approvals or otherwise on the operations of the Group Members;
 
(g)           concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Section 6.1(a) , a report of a reputable insurance broker with respect to the insurance coverage required to be maintained pursuant to Section 6.6 and the terms of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, together with any supplemental reports with respect thereto which the Administrative Agent may reasonably request;
 
(h)          promptly, such additional financial and other information as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may from time to time reasonably request.
 
6.3           Reserved.
 
6.4           Payment of Obligations; Taxes .  Pay, discharge or otherwise satisfy at or before maturity or before they become delinquent, as the case may be, (a) all Taxes and material Other Taxes imposed by law on any Loan Party, and (b) all its other material obligations of whatever nature (including any material obligations arising under any documentation relating to any Permitted Acquisition), except where (i) in the case of (a) or (b), the amount or validity thereof is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and reserves in conformity with GAAP with respect thereto have been provided on the books of the relevant Group Member, or (ii) in the case of (b), the failure to discharge or otherwise satisfy such obligations would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
6.5           Maintenance of Existence; Compliance .  (a)(i) Preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect its organizational existence and (ii) take all reasonable action to maintain or obtain all Governmental Approvals and all other rights, privileges and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of its business, except, in each case, as otherwise permitted by Section 7.4 and except, in the case of clause (ii) above, to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (b) comply with all Contractual Obligations (including with respect to leasehold interests of the Borrower) and Requirements of Law except to the extent that failure to comply therewith could not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (c) comply with all Governmental Approvals, and any term, condition, rule, filing or fee obligation, or other requirement related thereto, except to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its ERISA Affiliates to:  (1) maintain each Pension Plan in compliance in all material respects with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code or other Federal or state law; (2) cause each Pension Plan to maintain its qualified status under Section 401(a) of the Code; (3) make all required contributions to any Pension Plan; (4) not become a party to any Multiemployer Plan; (5) ensure that all liabilities under each Pension Plan are either (x) funded to at least the minimum level required by law or, if higher, to the level required by the terms governing such Pension Plan; (y) insured with a reputable insurance company; or (z) provided for or recognized in the financial statements most recently delivered to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant hereto; and (6) ensure that the contributions or premium payments to or in respect of each Pension Plan are and continue to be promptly paid at no less than the rates required under the rules of such Pension Plan and in accordance with the most recent actuarial advice received in relation to such Pension Plan and applicable law.
 
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6.6           Maintenance of Property; Insurance .
 
(a)           Keep all material physical property useful and necessary in its respective business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted;
 
(b)           maintain with financially sound and reputable insurance companies insurance on all of the material physical property of the Borrower or such Subsidiary, as applicable, in at least such amounts and against at least such risks (but including in any event public liability, product liability and business interruption) as are usually insured against in the same general area by companies engaged in the same or a similar business;
 
6.7          Inspection of Property; Books and Records; Discussions .  (a) Keep proper books of records and account in which full, true and correct entries in conformity with GAAP and all Requirements of Law shall be made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities and (b) permit representatives and independent contractors of the Administrative Agent and any Lender to visit and inspect any of the respective properties of the Loan Parties and examine and make abstracts from any of their respective books and records at any reasonable time and as often as may reasonably be desired and to discuss the business, operations, properties and financial and other condition of the Group Members with officers, directors and employees of the Group Members and with their independent certified public accountants.
 
6.8           Notices .  Give prompt written notice to the Administrative Agent of:
 
(a)           the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default;
 
(b)           any (i) default or event of default under any Contractual Obligation of any Group Member or (ii) litigation, investigation or proceeding that may exist at any time between any Group Member and any Governmental Authority, that in either case, if not cured or if adversely determined, as the case may be, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
 
(c)           any litigation or proceeding affecting any Group Member (i) in which the amount involved equals or exceeds the Threshold Amount and is not covered by insurance, (ii) in which injunctive or similar relief is sought against any Group Member or (iii) which relates to any Loan Document;
 
(d)            (i)             promptly after the Borrower has knowledge or becomes aware of the occurrence of any of the following events affecting any Loan Party or any of its respective ERISA Affiliates (but in no event more than ten days after any such event), the occurrence of any of the following events, and shall provide the Administrative Agent with a copy of any notice with respect to such event that may be required to be filed with a Governmental Authority and any notice delivered by a Governmental Authority to the Borrower or any of their respective ERISA Affiliates with respect to such event, if such event could reasonably be expected to result in liability in excess of the Threshold Amount of any Loan Party or any of their respective ERISA Affiliates:  (A) an ERISA Event, (B) the adoption of any new Pension Plan by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate, (C) the adoption of any amendment to a Pension Plan, if such amendment will result in a material increase in benefits or unfunded benefit liabilities (as defined in Section 4001(a)(18) of ERISA), or (D) the commencement of contributions by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate to any Pension Plan that is subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code; and
 
(ii)           promptly after the giving, sending or filing thereof, or the receipt thereof, copies of each Schedule B (Actuarial Information) to the annual report (Form 5500 Series) filed by Loan Party or any of its respective ERISA Affiliates with the IRS with respect to each Pension Plan; and
 
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(iii)           promptly after the receipt thereof by any Loan Party or any of its respective ERISA Affiliates, all notices from a Multiemployer Plan sponsor concerning an ERISA Event that could reasonably be expected to result in a liability in excess of the Threshold Amount of any Loan Party or any of its respective ERISA Affiliates;
 
(e)            (i) any Asset Sale undertaken by any Group Member, (ii) any issuance by any Group Member of any Capital Stock (other than by the Borrower in connection with compensation of employees, directors and other service providers), (iii) any incurrence by any Group Member of any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness constituting Revolving Loans) in a principal amount equaling or exceeding $1,000,000, and (iv) with respect to any such Asset Sale, issuance of Capital Stock or incurrence of Indebtedness, the amount of any net cash proceeds received by such Group Member in connection therewith;
 
(f)            any material change in accounting policies or financial reporting practices by any Loan Party (other than changes required by changes in GAAP or applicable law), which notice requirement shall be deemed satisfied by any description of such change included in any Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K filed by the Borrower with the SEC;
 
(g)           any development or event that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
Each notice pursuant to this Section 6.8 shall be accompanied by a statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower setting forth details of the occurrence referred to therein and stating what action the relevant Group Member proposes to take with respect thereto.
 
6.9          Environmental Laws .
 
(a)           Comply in all material respects with, and ensure compliance in all material respects by all tenants and subtenants, if any, with, all applicable Environmental Laws, and obtain and comply in all material respects with and maintain, and ensure that all tenants and subtenants obtain and comply in all material respects with and maintain, any and all licenses, approvals, notifications, registrations or permits required by applicable Environmental Laws.
 
(b)          Conduct and complete all investigations, studies, sampling and testing, and all remedial, removal and other actions required under Environmental Laws and promptly comply in all material respects with all lawful orders and directives of all Governmental Authorities regarding Environmental Laws.
 
6.10        Reserved .
 
6.11        Audits .  At reasonable times, on one (1) Business Day’s notice ( provided that no notice is required if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing), the Administrative Agent, or its agents, shall have the right to inspect the Collateral and the right to audit and copy any and all of any Loan Party’s books and records including ledgers, federal and state tax returns, records regarding assets or liabilities, the Collateral, business operations or financial condition, and all computer programs or storage or any equipment containing such information.  The foregoing inspections and audits shall be at the Borrower’s expense, and the charge therefor shall be $850 per person per day (or such higher amount as shall represent the Administrative Agent’s then-current standard charge for the same), plus reasonable out-of-pocket expenses.  Such inspections and audits shall not be undertaken more frequently than twice per year, unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.
 
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6.12        Additional Collateral, Etc .
 
(a)           With respect to any property (to the extent included in the definition of Collateral and not constituting Excluded Assets) acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party (other than (x) any property described in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) below, and (y) any property subject to a Lien expressly permitted by Section 7.3(g) ) as to which the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, does not have a perfected Lien, promptly (and in any event within five Business Days) (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such amendments to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or such other documents as the Administrative Agent deems necessary or advisable to evidence that such Loan Party is a Guarantor and to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in such property and (ii) take all actions necessary or advisable in the opinion of the Administrative Agent to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a perfected first priority (except as expressly permitted by Section 7.3 ) security interest and Lien in such property, including the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements in such jurisdictions as may be required by the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or by law or as may be requested by the Administrative Agent.
 
(b)          With respect to any new direct or indirect Material Domestic Subsidiary created or acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party (including any such Material Domestic Subsidiary acquired pursuant to a Permitted Acquisition and including any Immaterial Subsidiary existing as of the Closing Date which becomes a Material Domestic Subsidiary after the Closing Date), promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such amendments to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement as the Administrative Agent reasonably deems necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a perfected first priority security interest and Lien in the Capital Stock of such new Material Domestic Subsidiary that is owned directly or indirectly by such Loan Party, (ii) deliver to the Administrative Agent such customary documents and instruments as may be required to grant, perfect, protect and ensure the priority of such security interest, including but not limited to, the certificates representing such Capital Stock (if certificated), together with undated stock powers, in blank, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the relevant Loan Party, (iii) cause such new Material Domestic Subsidiary (A) to become a party to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement as a Grantor and a Guarantor thereunder, (B) to take such actions as are necessary or advisable in the opinion of the Administrative Agent to grant to the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties a perfected first priority security interest and Lien in the Collateral described in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, with respect to such new Material Domestic Subsidiary, including the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements in such jurisdictions as may be required by the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or by law or as may be requested by the Administrative Agent and (C) to deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of the secretary (or other equivalent officer) of such Material Domestic Subsidiary of the type described in Section 5.1(d) , in form reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, with appropriate insertions and attachments, and (iv) if requested by the Administrative Agent, deliver to the Administrative Agent legal opinions relating to the matters described above, which opinions shall be in customary form and substance, and from counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, any Person that is made a Subsidiary of the Borrower by merger at any time during the six month period immediately following the Closing Date shall be deemed to be a “Material Subsidiary”, irrespective of whether such Subsidiary otherwise qualifies as an Immaterial Subsidiary hereunder
 
(c)           With respect to any new First Tier Foreign Subsidiary or any First Tier Foreign Subsidiary Holding Company, as applicable, created or acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party, promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such amendments to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, as the Administrative Agent reasonably deems necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a perfected first priority security interest and Lien in the Capital Stock of such new First Tier Foreign Subsidiary or First Tier Foreign Subsidiary Holding Company, as applicable, that is owned by any such Loan Party ( provided that in no event shall more than 66% of the total outstanding voting Capital Stock of any such new First Tier Foreign Subsidiary or First Tier Foreign Subsidiary Holding Company, as applicable, be required to be so pledged), (ii) deliver to the Administrative Agent the certificates representing such Capital Stock (if certificated), together with undated stock powers, in blank, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the relevant Loan Party, and take such other action (including, as applicable, the delivery of any Foreign Pledge Documents reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent) as may be necessary or, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, desirable to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein, and (iii) if reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, deliver to the Administrative Agent legal opinions relating to the matters described above, which opinions shall be in customary form and substance, and from counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
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(d)          Each Loan Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a landlord’s agreement or bailee letter, as applicable, from the lessor of its headquarters location and from the lessor of or the bailee related to any other location where in excess of $100,000 of Collateral is stored or located, which agreement or letter, in any such case, shall contain a waiver or subordination of all Liens or claims that the landlord or bailee may assert against the Collateral at that location, and shall otherwise be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Administrative Agent.  Each Loan Party shall pay and perform its material obligations under all leases and other agreements with respect to each leased location or public warehouse where any Collateral is or may be located, except where such obligation is contested in good faith and adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Group Member in conformity with (and to the extent required by) GAAP.
 
6.13        Insider Subordinated Indebtedness.   Cause any Insider Indebtedness owing by the Borrower or any other Loan Party to become unsecured Insider Subordinated Indebtedness (a) on or prior to the Closing Date, in respect of any such Insider Indebtedness in existence as of the Closing Date or (b) contemporaneously with the incurrence thereof, in respect of any such Insider Indebtedness incurred at any time after the Closing Date.
 
6.14        Use of Proceeds.   Use the proceeds of each credit extension only for the purposes specified in Section 4.16 .
 
6.15       Designated Senior Indebtedness .  Cause the Loan Documents and all of the Obligations (other than any such Obligations arising in connection with Bank Services) to be deemed “Designated Senior Indebtedness” or a similar concept thereto, if applicable, for purposes of any other Indebtedness of the Loan Parties.
 
6.16       Anti-Corruption Laws.   Conduct its business in compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws and maintain policies and procedures designated to promote and achieve compliance with such laws.
 
6.17        Further Assurances.   Execute any further instruments and take such further action as the Administrative Agent reasonably deems necessary to perfect, protect, ensure the priority of or continue the Administrative Agent’s Lien on the Collateral or to effect the purposes of this Agreement.
 
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SECTION 7

NEGATIVE COVENANTS
 
The Borrower hereby agrees that, at all times prior to the Discharge of Obligations, the Borrower shall not, nor shall it permit any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:
 
7.1          Financial Condition Covenants .
 
(a)           Consolidated Leverage Ratio .  Permit the Consolidated Leverage Ratio, determined as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower specified below (and with respect to the four consecutive fiscal quarter period then ended), to exceed the ratio set forth below opposite such day:
 
Fiscal Quarter Ending
Consolidated Leverage Ratio
September 30, 2014
3.00:1.00
December 31, 2014
3.00:1.00
March 31, 2015
3.00:1.00
June 30, 2015
3.00:1.00
September 30, 2015
3.00:1.00
December 31, 2015
2.75:1.00
March 31, 2016
2.75:1.00
June 30, 2016
2.75:1.00
September 30, 2016
2.75:1.00
December 31, 2016
2.75:1.00
March 31, 2017
2.75:1.00
June 30, 2017
2.75:1.00
September 30, 2017
2.75:1.00
December 31, 2017 and thereafter
2.50:1.00

(b)           Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio .  Permit the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, determined as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower (and with respect to the four consecutive fiscal quarter period then ended), to be less than 1.25 to 1.00.
 
(c)           Minimum Liquidity .  Permit Liquidity, as of the last day of any month, to be less than $50,000,000 (it being agreed that the Borrower shall submit to the Administrative Agent together with any financial statements required to be delivered pursuant to Section 6.1 a Compliance Certificate that sets forth the calculation of minimum Liquidity as of the last day of the fiscal quarter or fiscal year of the Borrower to which such Compliance Certificate relates).
 
7.2          Indebtedness .  Create, issue, incur, assume, become liable in respect of or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except:
 
(a)           Indebtedness of any Loan Party arising pursuant to any Loan Document;
 
(b)           Indebtedness of (i) any Loan Party owing to any other Loan Party, and (ii) any Subsidiary (which is not a Guarantor) to any other Subsidiary;
 
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(c)           Guarantee Obligations incurred (i) by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries of obligations of any Loan Party permitted hereunder and (ii) by the Loan Parties of obligations of Subsidiaries that do not constitute Indebtedness;
 
(d)           Indebtedness outstanding on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 7.2(d) and any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness in respect thereof;
 
(e)           Indebtedness (including, without limitation, Capital Lease Obligations) secured by Liens permitted by Section 7.3(g) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $2,500,000 at any one time outstanding and any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness in respect thereof;
 
(f)            Surety Indebtedness and any other Indebtedness in respect of letters of credit, banker’s acceptances or similar arrangements, provided that the aggregate amount of any such Indebtedness outstanding at any time shall not exceed $2,500,000;
 
(g)           reserved;
 
(h)           unsecured Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, and secured Indebtedness of Foreign Subsidiaries of the Borrower, in an aggregate principal amount, for all such Indebtedness taken together, not to exceed at any one time outstanding $5,000,000;
 
(i)            obligations (contingent or otherwise) of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries existing or arising under any Specified Swap Agreement, provided that such obligations are (or were) entered into by such Person in accordance with Section 6.12 and not for purposes of speculation;
 
(j)             reserved; and
 
(k)           Indebtedness of a Person (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any such Person merged with or into the Borrower or a Subsidiary prior to the date hereof) existing at the time such Person is merged with or into a Borrower or a Subsidiary or becomes a Subsidiary, provided that (i) such Indebtedness was not, in any case, incurred by such other Person in connection with, or in contemplation of, such merger or acquisition, (ii) such merger or acquisition constitutes a Permitted Acquisition, and (iii) with respect to any such Person who becomes a Subsidiary, (A) such Subsidiary is the only obligor in respect of such Indebtedness, and (B) to the extent such Indebtedness is permitted to be secured hereunder, only the assets of such Subsidiary secure such Indebtedness.
 
For purposes of determining compliance with the Dollar-denominated restrictions in any subsection of this Section 7.2 on the incurrence of Indebtedness, the Dollar-equivalent principal amount of Indebtedness denominated in a foreign currency shall be calculated based on the relevant currency exchange rate in effect on the date on which such Indebtedness was incurred in the case of term Indebtedness, or first committed, in the case of revolving credit Indebtedness; provided that if such Indebtedness is Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness incurred to modify, refinance, refund, renew or extend other Indebtedness denominated in a foreign currency, and such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension would cause the applicable Dollar-denominated restriction to be exceeded if calculated at the relevant currency exchange rate in effect on the date of such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension, such Dollar-denominated restriction shall be deemed not to have been exceeded so long as such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness is otherwise permitted by the terms of this Section 7.2 .
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision to the contrary in any Loan Document, no Indebtedness incurred at any time in reliance on this Section 7.2 shall cause the Foreign Investment Limit in effect at such time to be exceeded.
 
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7.3           Liens .  Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, except:
 
(a)           Liens for taxes not yet due or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings; provided that adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Group Member in conformity with GAAP;
 
(b)           carriers’, warehousemen’s, landlord’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other like Liens arising in the ordinary course of business that are not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings;
 
(c)           pledges or deposits in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security legislation;
 
(d)           deposits to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts (other than for borrowed money), leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business (other than for Indebtedness or any Liens arising under ERISA);
 
(e)           easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar encumbrances incurred in the ordinary course of business that, in the aggregate, are not substantial in amount and that do not in any case materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the applicable Group Member;
 
(f)           Liens in existence on the date hereof listed on Schedule 7.3(f) , securing Indebtedness permitted by Section 7.2(d) ; provided that (i) no such Lien is spread to cover any additional property after the Closing Date, (ii) the amount of Indebtedness secured or benefitted thereby is not increased, (iii) the direct or any contingent obligor with respect thereto is not changed, and (iv) any renewal or extension of the obligations secured thereby is permitted by Section 7.2(d) ;
 
(g)           Liens securing Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 7.2(e) to finance the acquisition of fixed or capital assets; provided that (i) such Liens shall be created substantially simultaneously with the acquisition of such fixed or capital assets, (ii) such Liens do not at any time encumber any property other than the property financed by such Indebtedness, and (iii) the amount of Indebtedness secured thereby is not increased;
 
(h)           Liens created pursuant to the Security Documents;
 
(i)            any interest or title of a lessor or licensor under any lease or license entered into by a Group Member in the ordinary course of its business and covering only the assets so leased or licensed;
 
(j)            judgment Liens that do not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 8.1(h) of this Agreement;
 
(k)            bankers’ Liens, rights of setoff and other similar Liens existing solely with respect to cash, Cash Equivalents, securities, commodities and other funds on deposit in one or more accounts maintained by a Group Member, in each case arising in the ordinary course of business in favor of banks, other depositary institutions, securities or commodities intermediaries or brokerages with which such accounts are maintained securing amounts owing to such banks or financial institutions with respect to cash  management and operating account management or are arising under Section 4-208 or 4-210 of the UCC on items in the course of collection;
 
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(l)           (i) cash deposits and liens on cash and Cash Equivalents pledged to secure Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.2(f) , (ii) Liens securing reimbursement obligations with respect to letters of credit permitted by Section 7.2(f) that encumber documents and other property relating to such letters of credit, and (iii) Liens securing Specified Swap Obligations permitted by Section 7.2(i) ;
 
(m)          Liens on property of a Person (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any such Person that has become a Subsidiary prior to the date hereof) existing at the time such Person is acquired by, merged into or consolidated with a Group Member or becomes a Subsidiary of a Group Member or acquired by a Group Member; provided that (i) such Liens were not created in contemplation of such acquisition, merger, consolidation or Investment, (ii) such Liens do not extend to any assets other than those of such Person, and (iii) the applicable Indebtedness secured by such Lien is permitted under Section 6.2 ;
 
(n)           the replacement, extension or renewal of any Lien permitted by clauses (m) above upon or in the same property theretofore subject thereto or the replacement, extension or renewal (without increase in the amount or change in any direct or contingent obligor) of the Indebtedness secured thereby;
 
(o)           Liens on assets of Foreign Subsidiaries securing Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.2(h) ;
 
(p)           Liens consisting of deposits to secure real property lease obligations as a lessee incurred by the Borrower in the ordinary course of business;
 
(q)           Liens in favor of Governmental Authorities to secure payment of workers’ compensation, employment insurance, old-age pensions, social security and other like obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business (other than Liens imposed by ERISA); and
 
(r)            Liens not otherwise permitted by this Section so long as (i) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the obligations secured thereby nor (ii) the aggregate fair market value (determined as of the date such Lien is incurred) of the assets subject thereto exceeds (as to all Group Members) $2,500,000 at any one time.
 
7.4          Fundamental Changes .  Enter into any merger, consolidation or amalgamation, or liquidate, wind up or dissolve itself (or suffer any liquidation or dissolution), or Dispose of all or substantially all of its property or business, except that:
 
(a)           any Subsidiary of the Borrower may be merged or consolidated with or into the Borrower ( provided that the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving corporation) or with or into any Wholly Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower ( provided that in any merger or consolidation between a Guarantor and a Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor, such Guarantor shall be the continuing or surviving corporation);
 
(b)           (i) any Subsidiary of the Borrower may Dispose of any or all of its assets (A) to the Borrower or to any Wholly Owned Subsidiary Guarantor (upon voluntary liquidation or otherwise) or (B) pursuant to a Disposition permitted by Section 7.5 , and (ii) any Foreign Subsidiary of any Group Member may Dispose of all or substantially all of its assets to another Foreign Subsidiary of any Group Member (upon voluntary liquidation or otherwise);
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(c)           any Subsidiary of the Borrower which is not a Guarantor may be merged or consolidated with or into, or transfer assets to, another Subsidiary of the Borrower which is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower but which is not a Guarantor
 
(d)            any Subsidiary of the Borrower may merge or consolidate with any other Person pursuant to a permitted Acquisition so long as the surviving entity is a Subsidiary of the Borrower (and if such Subsidiary was a Guarantor, the surviving entity is a Guarantor).
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision to the contrary in any Loan Document, no merger, Disposition or other transaction made at any time in reliance on this Section 7.4 shall cause the Foreign Investment Limit in effect at such time to be exceeded.
 
7.5          Disposition of Property .  Dispose of any of its property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or, in the case of any Subsidiary of the Borrower, issue or sell any shares of such Subsidiary’s Capital Stock to any Person, except:
 
(a)           Dispositions of obsolete or worn out property, or of property that is no longer used in the business of the Borrower or such Subsidiary, in the ordinary course of business;
 
(b)           Dispositions of Inventory in the ordinary course of business;
 
(c)           Dispositions permitted by clause (i) of Section 7.4(b) ;
 
(d)           the sale or issuance of the Capital Stock of any Subsidiary of the Borrower to the Borrower or to any Wholly Owned Subsidiary Guarantor;
 
(e)           the use or transfer of money or Cash Equivalents in a manner that is not prohibited by the terms of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents;
 
(f)            the non-exclusive licensing of Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights, and other Intellectual Property rights in the ordinary course of business;
 
(g)          the Disposition of property (i) from any Loan Party to any other Loan Party, and (ii) from any Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor to any other Group Member;
 
(h)          Dispositions of property subject to a Casualty Event;
 
(i)            leases or subleases of real property;
 
(j)            the sale or discount without recourse of accounts receivable arising in the ordinary course of business in connection with the compromise or collection thereof; provided that any such sale or discount is undertaken in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents;
 
(k)           any forfeiture, impairment, abandonment, dedication to the public, cancellation, non-renewal or discontinuance of use or maintenance of Intellectual Property (or rights relating thereto) of any Group Member that the Borrower determines in good faith is desirable in the conduct of its business and not materially disadvantageous to the interests of the Lenders;
 
(l)            in connection with Investments that are permitted by Section 7.7(j) ;
 
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(m)          Dispositions of property acquired after the date hereof in connection with Permitted Acquisitions; provided that (i) the Borrower identifies any such property to be Disposed of in reasonable detail in writing to the Administrative Agent not later than 5 Business Days prior to the consummation of any such Permitted Acquisition and (ii) the fair market value of the property proposed to be so Disposed of (as reasonably determined by the board of directors of the Borrower and approved by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion) does not exceed an amount equal to 5% of the consolidated total assets of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries after giving effect to the consummation of such Permitted Acquisition.
 
(n)          Dispositions undertaken with the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) of non-United States Intellectual Property rights to one or more Foreign Subsidiaries on arms’-length terms and for fair value; and
 
(o)           payments in the ordinary course of business and other payments, which payments (including those in the ordinary course of business), in each case, are not otherwise prohibited by this Agreement or any other Loan Document; and
 
(p)           Dispositions of other property having a fair market value not to exceed $500,000 in the aggregate for any fiscal year of the Borrower, provided that at the time of any such Disposition, no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result from such Disposition;
 
provided , however , that any Disposition made pursuant to this Section 7.5 shall be made in good faith on an arm’s length basis for fair value (except for Dispositions made pursuant to Sections 7.5(c) , (h) and (k) ).  Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision to the contrary in any Loan Document, no Disposition made at any time in reliance on this Section 7.5 shall cause the Foreign Investment Limit in effect at such time to be exceeded.
 
7.6          Restricted Payments .  Make any payment or prepayment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, or redemption, purchase, retirement, defeasance (including in-substance or legal defeasance), sinking fund or similar payment with respect to, any Subordinated Indebtedness, declare or pay any dividend (other than dividends payable solely in common stock of the Person making such dividend) on, or make any payment on account of, or set apart assets for a sinking or other analogous fund for, the purchase, redemption, defeasance, retirement or other acquisition of, any Capital Stock of any Group Member, whether now or hereafter outstanding, or make any other distribution in respect thereof, either directly or indirectly, whether in cash or property or in obligations of any Group Member (collectively, “ Restricted Payments ”), except that, so long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of any action described below or would result therefrom:
 
(a)           (i) any Subsidiary of any Group Member may make Restricted Payments to any Loan Party, and (ii) any Foreign Subsidiary of any Group Member may make Restricted Payments to any other Foreign Subsidiary that owns all of the Capital Stock of such Foreign Subsidiary;
 
(b)           the Borrower may, (i) purchase common stock or common stock options from present or former officers or employees of any Group Member upon the death, disability or termination of employment of such officer or employee; provided that the aggregate amount of payments made under this clause (i) shall not exceed $500,000 during any fiscal year of the Borrower, and (ii) declare and make dividend payments or other distributions payable solely in the common stock or other common Capital Stock of the Borrower;
 
(c)           reserved;
 
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(d)           the Borrower may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire Capital Stock issued by it with the proceeds received from the substantially concurrent issue of new shares of its common stock or other common Capital Stock; provided that any such issuance is otherwise permitted hereunder (including by Section 7.5(d) );
 
(e)           (i) the Borrower may make repurchases of Capital Stock deemed to occur upon exercise of stock options or warrants if such repurchased Capital Stock represents a portion of the exercise price of such options or warrants, and (ii) repurchases of Capital Stock deemed to occur upon the withholding of a portion of the Capital Stock granted or awarded to a current or former officer, director, employee or consultant to pay for the taxes payable by such Person upon such grant or award (or upon vesting thereof);
 
(f)           the Borrower may deliver its common Capital Stock upon conversion of any convertible Indebtedness having been issued by the Borrower; provided that such Indebtedness is otherwise permitted by Section 7.2 ; and
 
(g)          the Borrower and its Subsidiaries may make Restricted Payments not otherwise permitted by one of the foregoing clauses of this Section 7.6 ; provided that the aggregate amount of all such Restricted Payments made pursuant to this clause (g) shall not exceed $500,000.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision to the contrary in any Loan Document, no Restricted Payment made at any time in reliance on this Section 7.6 shall cause the Foreign Investment Limit in effect at such time to be exceeded.
 
7.7          Reserved .
 
7.8          Investments .  Make any advance, loan, extension of credit (by way of guarantee or otherwise) or capital contribution to, or purchase any Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other debt securities of, or any assets constituting a business unit of, or make any other investment in, any Person (all of the foregoing, “ Investments ”), except:
 
(a)           extensions of trade credit in the ordinary course of business;
 
(b)           Investments in cash and Cash Equivalents;
 
(c)           Guarantee Obligations permitted by Section 7.2 ;
 
(d)           loans and advances to employees of any Group Member in the ordinary course of business (including for travel, entertainment and relocation expenses) in an aggregate amount for all Group Members not to exceed $250,000 at any one time outstanding;
 
(e)           reserved;
 
(f)            intercompany Investments by any Group Member in the Borrower or any Person that, prior to such Investment, is a Wholly Owned Guarantor;
 
(g)           Investments in the ordinary course of business consisting of endorsements of negotiable instruments for collection or deposit;
 
(h)            Investments received in settlement of amounts due to any Group Member effected in the ordinary course of business or owing to such Group Member as a result of Insolvency Proceedings involving an account debtor or upon the foreclosure or enforcement of any Lien in favor of such Group Member;
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(i)            (i) Investments constituting Permitted Acquisitions, and (ii) Investments held by any Person as of the date such Person is acquired in connection with a Permitted Acquisition, provided that (A) such Investments were not made, in any case, by such Person in connection with, or in contemplation of, such Permitted Acquisition, and (B) with respect to any such Person which becomes a Subsidiary as a result of such Permitted Acquisition, such Subsidiary remains the only holder of such Investment;
 
(j)            in addition to Investments otherwise expressly permitted by this Section, Investments made by the Group Members at any time during which no Default or Event of Default exists, the aggregate amount of all of which Investments (valued at cost) does not exceed an amount equal to $7,500,000 at any time during the term of this Agreement;
 
(k)           deposits made to secure the performance of leases, licenses or contracts in the ordinary course of business, and other deposits made in connection with the incurrence of Liens permitted under Section 7.3 ;
 
(l)            the licensing or contribution of Intellectual Property pursuant to joint marketing arrangements with other Persons in the ordinary course of business;
 
(m)           promissory notes and other non-cash consideration received in connection with Dispositions permitted by Section 7.5 , to the extent not exceeding the limits specified therein with respect to the receipt of non-cash consideration in connection with such Dispositions; and
 
(n)           purchases or other acquisitions by any Group Member of the Capital Stock in a Person that, upon the consummation thereof, will be a Subsidiary (including as a result of a merger or consolidation) or all or substantially all of the assets of, or assets constituting one or more business units of, any Person (each, a “ Permitted Acquisition ”); provided that, with respect to each such purchase or other acquisition:
 
(i)            the newly-created or acquired Subsidiary shall be (x) in the same or a related line of business as that conducted by the Borrower on the date hereof, or (y) in a business that is ancillary to and in furtherance of the line of business as that conducted by the Borrower on the date hereof;
 
(ii)            all transactions related to such purchase or acquisition shall be consummated in all material respects in accordance with all Requirements of Law;
 
(iii)          no Loan Party shall, as a result of or in connection with any such purchase or acquisition, assume or incur any direct or known contingent liabilities (whether relating to environmental, tax, litigation or other matters) that, as of the date of such purchase or acquisition, would reasonably be expected to result in the existence or incurrence of a Material Adverse Effect;
 
(iv)          the Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent at least five Business Days’ prior written notice of any such proposed purchase or acquisition involving an aggregate amount of consideration (including any consideration in the form of Capital Stock) in excess of $100,000;
 
(v)           the Borrower shall provide to the Administrative Agent as soon as available but in any event not later than five Business Days after the execution thereof, a copy of any executed purchase agreement or similar agreement with respect to any such purchase or acquisition involving an aggregate amount of consideration (including any consideration in the form of Capital Stock) in excess of $100,000;
 
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(vi)           any such newly-created or acquired Subsidiary shall comply with the requirements of Section 6.12 , if applicable;
 
(vii)         (A) immediately before and immediately after giving effect to any such purchase or other acquisition, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (B) immediately after giving effect to such purchase or other acquisition, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be in compliance with each of the covenants set forth in Section 7.1 , based upon financial statements delivered to the Administrative Agent which give effect, on a Pro Forma Basis, to such acquisition or other purchase;
 
(ix)          the Borrower shall not, based upon the knowledge of the Borrower as of the date any such acquisition or other purchase is consummated, reasonably expect such acquisition or other purchase to result in an Event of Default under Section 8.1(c) , at any time during the term of this Agreement, as a result of a breach of any of the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.1 ;
 
(x)            no Indebtedness is assumed or incurred in connection with any such purchase or acquisition other than Indebtedness permitted by the terms of Section 7.2(k) ;
 
(xi)           such purchase or acquisition shall not constitute an Unfriendly Acquisition;
 
(xii)          the aggregate amount of consideration paid by the Loan Parties during the term of this Agreement in connection with any such acquisitions of the Capital Stock of Persons located in foreign jurisdictions shall not exceed $10,000,000; and
 
(xiii)         the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent, at least five Business Days prior to the date on which any such purchase or other acquisition is to be consummated (or such later date as is agreed by the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion), a certificate of a Responsible Officer, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, certifying that all of the requirements set forth in this definition have been satisfied or will be satisfied on or prior to the consummation of such purchase or other acquisition.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision to the contrary in any Loan Document, no Investment made at any time in reliance on this Section 7.8 shall cause the Foreign Investment Limit in effect at such time to be exceeded.
 
7.9          ERISA .  Not, and not permit any of its ERISA Affiliates to:  (a) terminate any Pension Plan so as to result in any material liability to such Person or any of such Person’s ERISA Affiliates, (b) permit to exist any ERISA Event, or any other event or condition, which presents the risk of a material liability to any of their respective ERISA Affiliates, (c) make a complete or partial withdrawal (within the meaning of ERISA Section 4201) from any Multiemployer Plan so as to result in any material liability to such Person or any of their respective ERISA Affiliates, (d) enter into any new Pension Plan or modify any existing Pension Plan so as to increase its obligations thereunder which could result in any material liability to any such Person or any of its respective ERISA Affiliates, (e) permit the present value of all nonforfeitable accrued benefits under any Pension Plan (using the actuarial assumptions utilized by the PBGC upon termination of a Pension Plan) materially to exceed the fair market value of Pension Plan assets allocable to such benefits, all determined as of the most recent valuation date for each such Pension Plan, or (f) engage in any transaction which would cause any obligation, or action taken or to be taken, hereunder (or the exercise by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of any of its rights under this Agreement, any Note or the other Loan Documents) to be a non-exempt (under a statutory or administrative class exemption) prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.
 
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7.10        Optional Payments and Modifications of Certain Preferred Stock and Subordinated Indebtedness .  (a)  Amend, modify, waive or otherwise change, or consent or agree to any amendment, modification, waiver or other change to, any of the terms of the Preferred Stock (i) that would move to an earlier date the scheduled redemption date or increase the amount of any scheduled redemption payment or increase the rate or move to an earlier date any date for payment of dividends thereon or (ii) that would be otherwise materially adverse to any Lender or any other Secured Party; or (b) amend, modify, waive or otherwise change, or consent or agree to any amendment, modification, waiver or other change to, any of the terms of any Subordinated Indebtedness in any manner not reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent or in any manner that would be otherwise materially adverse to any Lender or any other Secured Party.
 
7.11         Transactions with Affiliates .  Enter into any transaction, including any purchase, sale, lease or exchange of property, the rendering of any service or the payment of any management, advisory or similar fees, with any Affiliate (other than the Borrower or any Wholly Owned Guarantor) unless such transaction is (a) otherwise permitted under this Agreement, (b) in the ordinary course of business of the relevant Group Member, and (c) upon fair and reasonable terms no less favorable to the relevant Group Member than it would obtain in a comparable arm’s length transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate, in each case excluding compensatory agreements with directors and officers that have been approved by the compensation committee of the board of directors of the Borrower, and indemnification agreements with directors and officers.
 
7.12        Sale Leaseback Transactions .  Enter into any Sale Leaseback Transaction.
 
7.13        Swap Agreements .  Enter into any Swap Agreement, except Specified Swap Agreements which are entered into by a Group Member to (a) hedge or mitigate risks to which such Group Member has actual exposure (other than those in respect of Capital Stock), or (b) effectively cap, collar or exchange interest rates (from fixed to floating rates, from one floating rate to another floating rate or otherwise) with respect to any interest-bearing liability or investment of such Group Member.
 
7.14         Accounting Changes .  Make any change in its (a) accounting policies or reporting practices, except as required by GAAP, or (b) fiscal year.
 
7.15         Negative Pledge Clauses .  (a) Enter into or suffer to exist or become effective, any agreement that prohibits or limits the ability of any Loan Party to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property or revenues, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, to secure its Obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party, other than (a) this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, (b) any agreements governing any purchase money Liens or Capital Lease Obligations otherwise permitted hereby (in which case, any prohibition or limitation shall only be effective against the assets financed thereby), (c) restrictions on the assignment of leases, licenses and other agreements, and (d) any restriction on the ability of a Loan Party to create Liens on assets that are imposed pursuant to an agreement for the Disposition of such assets (to the extent that such Disposition is permitted hereunder); and (e) any restriction pursuant to any document, agreement or instrument governing or relating to any Lien permitted under Sections 7.3(c) , (m) , (n) , (o) and (p) or any agreement or option to Dispose any asset of any Group Member, the Disposition of which is permitted by any other provision of this Agreements (in each case, provided that any such restriction relates only to the assets or property subject to such Lien or being Disposed).
 
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7.16        Clauses Restricting Subsidiary Distributions .  Enter into or suffer to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Subsidiary of the Borrower to (a) make Restricted Payments in respect of any Capital Stock of such Subsidiary held by, or pay any Indebtedness owed to, any other Group Member, (b) make loans or advances to, or other Investments in, any other Group Member, or (c) transfer any of its assets to any other Group Member, except for such encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of (i) any restrictions existing under the Loan Documents, (ii) any restrictions with respect to a Subsidiary imposed pursuant to an agreement that has been entered into in connection with a Disposition permitted hereby of all or substantially all of the Capital Stock or assets of such Subsidiary, (iii) restrictions on the assignment of leases, licenses and other agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business, (iv) restrictions of the nature referred to in clause (c) above under agreements governing purchase money liens or Capital Lease Obligations otherwise permitted hereby which restrictions are only effective against the assets financed thereby, or (v) any restriction pursuant to any document, agreement or instrument governing or relating to any Lien permitted under Section 7.3(c) , (m) , (n) and (p) ( provided that any such restriction relates only to the assets or property subject to such Lien or being Disposed).
 
7.17        Lines of Business .  Enter into any business, either directly or through any Subsidiary, except for those businesses in which the Borrower and its Subsidiaries are engaged on the date of this Agreement or that are reasonably related, ancillary or incidental thereto.
 
7.18         Designation of other Indebtedness .  Designate any Indebtedness or indebtedness other than the Obligations as “Designated Senior Indebtedness” or a similar concept thereto, if applicable.
 
7.19        Amendments to Initial Acquisition Documentation or Documentation for any Permitted Acquisition .  (a) Amend, supplement or otherwise modify (pursuant to a waiver or otherwise) the terms and conditions of the indemnities and licenses furnished to the Borrower pursuant to the Initial Acquisition Documentation or any documentation relating to a Permitted Acquisition such that after giving effect thereto such indemnities or licenses shall be materially less favorable to the interests of the Loan Parties or the Lenders with respect thereto; (b) otherwise amend, supplement or otherwise modify the terms and conditions of the Initial Acquisition Documentation or any such other documents relating to any Permitted Acquisition except for any such amendment, supplement or modification that (i) becomes effective after the Closing Date and (ii) would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or (c) fail to enforce, in a commercially reasonable manner, the Loan Parties’ rights (including rights to indemnification) under the Initial Acquisition Documentation or any such other documents relating to any Permitted Acquisition, except to the extent that such failure would not be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
7.20        Amendments to Organizational Agreements and Material Contracts .  (a) Amend or permit any amendments to any Loan Party’s organizational documents; or (b) amend or permit any amendments to, or terminate or waive any provision of, any material Contractual Obligation if such amendment, termination, or waiver would be adverse to Administrative Agent or the Lenders in any material respect.
 
7.21       Use of Proceeds .  Use the proceeds of any extension of credit hereunder, whether directly or indirectly, and whether immediately, incidentally or ultimately, to (a) purchase or carry margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U of the Board) or to extend credit to others for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock or to refund indebtedness originally incurred for such purpose, in each case in violation of, or for a purpose which violates, or would be inconsistent with, Regulation T, U or X of the Board, or (b) finance an Unfriendly Acquisition.
 
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7.22        Subordinated Indebtedness .
 
(a)           Amendments .  Amend, modify, supplement, waive compliance with, or consent to noncompliance with, any Subordinated Indebtedness Document, unless the amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent (i) does not adversely affect the applicable Loan Party’s ability to pay and perform each of its Obligations at the time and in the manner set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents to which it is a party and is not otherwise adverse to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and (ii) is in compliance with the subordination provisions therein and any subordination agreement with respect thereto in favor of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders.
 
(b)          Payments .  Make any voluntary or optional payment, prepayment or repayment on, redemption, exchange or acquisition for value of, or any sinking fund or similar payment with respect to, any Subordinated Indebtedness, except as permitted by the subordination provisions in the applicable Subordinated Indebtedness Documents and any subordination agreement with respect thereto in favor of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders.
 
7.23         Restricted Investment Accounts.
 
(a)           Restricted Comerica Securities Account .  Cause or permit to be maintained in the Restricted Comerica Securities Account at any time Cash Equivalents or other investment property having an aggregate value at such time in excess of $10,000.
 
(b)          Foreign Investment Accounts .  Cause or permit to be maintained in the Foreign Investment Accounts at any time Cash Equivalents or other cash or investment property having an aggregate value at such time, for all such Investment Accounts taken together, in excess of $3,000,000; provided that the aggregate amount of the cash, Cash Equivalents and other investment property maintained in such Foreign Investment Accounts may exceed $3,000,000 during a single consecutive 21 day period in any fiscal quarter so long as the aggregate amount of the cash, Cash Equivalents and other investment property maintained in such Foreign Investment Accounts does not exceed $5,000,000 at any time during any such consecutive 21 day period.
 
7.24         Sanctions .  Permit any Loan or the proceeds of any Loan, directly or indirectly, (a) to be lent, contributed or otherwise made available to fund any activity or business in any Designated Jurisdiction; (b) to fund any activity or business of any Person located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction or who is the subject of any Sanctions; or (c) in any other manner that will result in any violation by any Person (including any Lender, Arranger, Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer or Swing Line Lender) of any Sanctions.
 
7.25         Anti-Corruption Laws.    Use, or allow any of the other Loan Parties or any of its other Affiliates to use, any part of the proceeds of the Loans made hereunder, directly or indirectly, for any payments to any governmental official or employee, political party, official of a political party, candidate for political office, or anyone else acting in an official capacity, in order to obtain, retain or direct business or obtain any improper advantage, in violation of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
 
SECTION 8

EVENTS OF DEFAULT
 
8.1          Events of Default .  The occurrence of any of the following shall constitute an Event of Default:
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(a)           the Borrower shall fail to pay any amount of principal of any Loan when due in accordance with the terms hereof; or the Borrower shall fail to pay any amount of interest on any Loan, or any other amount payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document, within three Business Days after any such interest or other amount becomes due in accordance with the terms hereof; or
 
(b)            any representation or warranty made or deemed made by any Loan Party herein or in any other Loan Document or that is contained in any certificate, document or financial or other statement furnished by it at any time under or in connection with this Agreement or any such other Loan Document (i) if qualified by materiality, shall be incorrect or misleading when made or deemed made, or (ii) if not qualified by materiality, shall be incorrect or misleading in any material respect when made or deemed made; or
 
(c)           any Loan Party shall default in the observance or performance of any agreement contained in Section 5.3 , clause (i) or (ii) of Section 6.5(a) , Section 6.6(b) , Section 6.8(a) , Section 6.12 or Section 7 of this Agreement; or
 
(d)           any Loan Party shall default in the observance or performance of any other agreement contained in this Agreement or any other Loan Document (other than as provided in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Section), and such default shall continue unremedied for a period of 30 days thereafter; or
 
(e)           any Group Member shall (i) default in making any payment of any principal of any Indebtedness (including any Guarantee Obligation, but excluding the Loans) on the scheduled or original due date with respect thereto; or (ii) default in making any payment of any interest on any such Indebtedness beyond the period of grace, if any, provided in the instrument or agreement under which such Indebtedness was created; or (iii) default in the observance or performance of any other agreement or condition relating to any such Indebtedness or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto, or any other event shall occur or condition exist, the effect of which default or other event or condition is to (x) cause, or to permit the holder or beneficiary of such Indebtedness (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or beneficiary) to cause, with the giving of notice if required, such Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity or (in the case of any such Indebtedness constituting a Guarantee Obligation) to become payable or (y) to cause, with the giving of notice if required, any Group Member to purchase or redeem or make an offer to purchase or redeem such Indebtedness prior to its stated maturity; provided that a default, event or condition described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of this paragraph (e) shall not at any time constitute an Event of Default unless, at such time, one or more defaults, events or conditions of the type described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph (e) shall have occurred with respect to Indebtedness the outstanding principal amount of which exceeds in the aggregate the Threshold Amount; or
 
(f)            (i)  any Group Member shall commence any case, proceeding or other action (a) under the Bankruptcy Code or any other existing or future law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding‑up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts, or (b) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its assets, or any Group Member shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or (ii) there shall be commenced against any Group Member any case, proceeding or other action of a nature referred to in clause (i) above that (a) results in the entry of an order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment or (b) remains undismissed, undischarged or unbonded for a period of 60 days (provided that during such 60 day period, no Loans shall be advanced or Letters of Credit issued hereunder); or (iii) there shall be commenced against any Group Member any case, proceeding or other action seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, distraint or similar process against all or any substantial part of its assets that results in the entry of an order for any such relief that shall not have been vacated, discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within 60 days from the entry thereof(provided that during such 60 day period, no Loans shall be advanced or Letters of Credit issued hereunder); or (iv) any Group Member shall take any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) above; or (v) any Group Member shall generally not, or shall be unable to, or shall admit in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they become due; or
 
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(g)           There shall occur one or more ERISA Events which individually or in the aggregate results in or otherwise is associated with liability of any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate thereof in excess of the Threshold Amount during the term of this Agreement; or there exists, an amount of unfunded benefit liabilities (as defined in Section 4001(a)(18) of ERISA), individually or in the aggregate for all Pension Plans (excluding for purposes of such computation any Pension Plans with respect to which assets exceed benefit liabilities) which exceeds the Threshold Amount; or
 
(h)            There is entered against any Group Member (i) one or more final judgments or orders for the payment of money involving in the aggregate a liability (not paid or fully covered by insurance as to which the relevant insurance company has acknowledged coverage) equal to or exceeding the Threshold Amount, or (ii) one or more non-monetary final judgments that have, or could reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and, in either case, (A) enforcement proceedings are commenced by any creditor upon such judgment or order, or (B) all such judgments or decrees shall not have been vacated, discharged, stayed or bonded pending appeal within 45 days from the entry thereof; or
 
(i)            (A) any of the Security Documents shall cease, for any reason, to be in full force and effect (other than pursuant to the terms thereof), or any Loan Party shall so assert, or any Lien created by any of the Security Documents shall cease to be enforceable and of the same effect and priority purported to be created thereby; or
 
(B)(1) any Person shall serve process to attach, by trustee or similar process, any funds of a Loan Party or of any other entity under the control of a Loan Party (including a Subsidiary) in excess of $500,000 on deposit with the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates, or (2) a notice of lien, levy, or assessment shall be filed against any of a Loan Party’s assets by a Governmental Authority, and any of the same under clauses (1) or (2) hereof shall not, within 45 days after the occurrence thereof, be discharged or stayed (whether through the posting of a bond or otherwise); provided , however , that no such lien, levy or assessment is enforced or executed upon during such 45 day cure period; or
 
(C)(1) any material portion of a Loan Party’s assets is attached, seized, levied on, or comes into possession of a trustee or receiver, or (2) any court order enjoins, restrains or prevents in any material respect a Loan Party from conducting any part of its business that is material to the business of the Borrower or to the Business of the Loan Parties taken as a whole; or
 
(j)            the guarantee contained in Section 2 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement shall cease, for any reason, to be in full force and effect or any Loan Party shall so assert; or
 
(k)            a Change of Control shall occur; or
 
(l)            any of the Governmental Approvals shall have been (i) revoked, rescinded, suspended, modified in an adverse manner or not renewed in the ordinary course for a full term or (ii) subject to any decision by a Governmental Authority that designates a hearing with respect to any applications for renewal of any of the Governmental Approvals or that could result in the Governmental Authority taking any of the actions described in clause (i) above, and such decision or such revocation, rescission, suspension, modification or nonrenewal (A) has, or could reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, or (B) materially adversely affects the legal qualifications of any Group Member to hold any material Governmental Approval in any applicable jurisdiction and such revocation, rescission, suspension, modification or nonrenewal could reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect the status of or legal qualifications of any Group Member to hold any material Governmental Approval in any other jurisdiction; or
 
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 (m)          Any Loan Document not otherwise referenced in Section 8.1(i) or (j) , at any time after its execution and delivery and for any reason other than as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder or the Discharge of Obligations, ceases to be in full force and effect; or any Loan Party contests in any manner the validity or enforceability of any Loan Document; or any Loan Party denies that it has any or any further liability or obligation under any Loan Document to which it is a party, or purports to revoke, terminate or rescind any such Loan Document.
 
8.2          Remedies Upon Event of Default .  If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Administrative Agent shall, at the request of, or may, with the consent of, the Required Lenders, take any or all of the following actions:
 
(a)           if such event is an Event of Default specified in clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (f) of Section 8.1 with respect to the Borrower, the Commitments shall immediately terminate automatically and the Loans (with accrued interest thereon) and all other amounts owing under this Agreement, the other Loan Documents (other than any Bank Services Agreements) shall automatically immediately become due and payable, and
 
(b)           if such event is any other Event of Default, any of the following actions may be taken:  (i) with the consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, or upon the request of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall, by notice to the Borrower declare the Revolving Commitments, the Swingline Commitments and the L/C Commitments to be terminated forthwith, whereupon the Revolving Commitments, the Swingline Commitments and the L/C Commitments shall immediately terminate; (ii) with the consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, or upon the request of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall, by notice to the Borrower, declare the Loans (with accrued interest thereon) and all other amounts owing under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to be due and payable forthwith, whereupon the same shall immediately become due and payable;   (iii) any Bank Services Provider may terminate any Bank Services Agreement then outstanding and declare all Obligations then owing by the Group Members under any such Bank Services Agreements then outstanding to be due and payable forthwith, whereupon the same shall immediately become due and payable; and (iv) the Administrative Agent may exercise on behalf of itself, any Bank Services Provider, the Lenders and the Issuing Lender all rights and remedies available to it, any such Bank Services Provider, the Lenders and the Issuing Lender under the Loan Documents (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any   Bank Services Agreements, as applicable).  With respect to all Letters of Credit with respect to which presentment for honor shall not have occurred at the time of an acceleration pursuant to this paragraph, the Borrower shall Cash Collateralize an amount equal to 105% of the aggregate then undrawn and unexpired amount of such Letters of Credit.  Amounts so Cash Collateralized shall be applied by the Administrative Agent to the payment of drafts drawn under such Letters of Credit, and the unused portion thereof after all such Letters of Credit shall have expired or been fully drawn upon, if any, shall be applied to repay other Obligations of the Borrower hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any   Bank Services Agreements, as applicable) in accordance with Section 8.3 .  In addition, (x) the Borrower shall also Cash Collateralize the full amount of any Swingline Loans then outstanding, and (y) to the extent elected by any applicable Bank Services Provider, the Borrower shall also Cash Collateralize the amount of any Obligations in respect of Bank Services then outstanding, which Cash Collateralized amounts shall be applied by the Administrative Agent to the payment of all such outstanding Bank Services, and any unused portion thereof remaining after all such Bank Services shall have been fully paid and satisfied in full shall be applied by the Administrative Agent to repay other Obligations of the Loan Parties hereunder and under the other Loan Documents in accordance with the terms of Section 8.3 .  After all such Letters of Credit and Bank Services Agreements shall have been terminated, expired or fully drawn upon, as applicable, and all amounts drawn under any such Letters of Credit shall have been reimbursed in full and all other Obligations of the Borrower and the other Loan Parties (including any such Obligations arising in connection with Bank Services) shall have been paid in full, the balance, if any, of the funds having been so Cash Collateralized shall be returned to the Borrower (or such other Person as may be lawfully entitled thereto).  Except as expressly provided above in this Section, presentment, demand, protest and all other notices of any kind are hereby expressly waived by the Borrower.
 
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8.3           Application of Funds .  After the exercise of remedies provided for in Section 8.2 , any amounts received by the Administrative Agent on account of the Obligations shall be applied by the Administrative Agent in the following order:
 
First , to the payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting fees, indemnities, expenses and other amounts (other than principal and interest but including any Collateral-Related Expenses, fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent and amounts payable under Sections 2.16 , 2.17 and 2.18 (including interest thereon)) payable to the Administrative Agent, in its capacity as such, and to any applicable Bank Services Providers (in their respective capacities as providers of Bank Services, in each case, ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause First payable to them;
 
Second , to the payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting fees, indemnities and other amounts (other than principal, interest and Letter of Credit Fees) payable to the Lenders, the Issuing Lender (including any Letter of Credit Fronting Fees, Issuing Lender Fees and the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the respective Lenders and the Issuing Lender and amounts payable under Sections 2.16 , 2.17 and 2.18 ), any Qualified Counterparties, and to any applicable Bank Services Providers (in their respective capacities as providers of Bank Services, in each case, ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Second payable to them;
 
Third , to the payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting accrued and unpaid Letter of Credit Fees and interest in respect of any Bank Services and on the Loans and L/C Disbursements which have not yet been converted into Revolving Loans, and to payment of premiums and other fees (including any interest thereon) under any Specified Swap Agreements and any Bank Services Agreements, in each case, ratably among the Lenders, the Issuing Lender, any applicable Bank Services Providers (in their respective capacities as providers of Bank Services), and any Qualified Counterparties, in each case, ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Third payable to them;
 
Fourth , to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting unpaid principal of the Loans, L/C Disbursements which have not yet been converted into Revolving Loans, and settlement amounts, payment amounts and other termination payment obligations under any Specified Swap Agreements and Bank Services Agreements, in each case, ratably among the Lenders, the Issuing Lender, any applicable Bank Services Providers (in their respective capacities as providers of Bank Services), and any applicable Qualified Counterparties, in each case, ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Fourth and payable to them;
 
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Fifth , to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Issuing Lender, to Cash Collateralize that portion of the L/C Exposure comprised of the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit pursuant to Section 3.10 ;
 
Sixth , if so elected by any applicable Bank Services Providers, to the Administrative Agent for the ratable account of such Bank Services Providers, to Cash Collateralize then outstanding Obligations arising in connection with Bank Services;
 
Seventh , to the payment of all other Obligations of the Loan Parties that are then due and payable to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties on such date (including any such other Obligations arising in connection with any Bank Services), in each case, ratably among them in proportion to the respective aggregate amounts of all such Obligations described in this clause Seventh and payable to them;
 
Eighth , for the account of any applicable Qualified Counterparty, to Cash Collateralize Obligations arising under any then outstanding Specified Swap Agreements, in each case, ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Eighth payable to them; and
 
Last , the balance, if any, after all of the Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full (excluding, for this purpose, any Obligations which have been Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof), to the Borrower or as otherwise required by Law.
 
Subject to Sections 2.21(a) , 3.4 , 3.5 and 3.10 , amounts used to Cash Collateralize the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit pursuant to clause Fifth above shall be applied to satisfy drawings under such Letters of Credit as they occur.  If any amount remains on deposit as Cash Collateral for Letters of Credit after all Letters of Credit have either been fully drawn or expired, such remaining amount shall be applied to the other Obligations, if any, in the order set forth above.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Excluded Swap Obligation of any Guarantor shall be paid with amounts received from such Guarantor or from any Collateral in which such Guarantor has granted to the Administrative Agent a Lien (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement; provided , however , that each party to this Agreement hereby acknowledges and agrees that appropriate adjustments shall be made by the Administrative Agent (which adjustments shall be controlling in the absence of manifest error) with respect to payments received from other Loan Parties in order to preserve the allocation of such payments to the satisfaction of the Obligations in the order otherwise contemplated in this Section 8.3 .
 
SECTION 9

THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
 
9.1           Appointment and Authority .
 
(a)           Each of the Lenders hereby irrevocably appoints SVB to act on its behalf as the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto.
 
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(b)           The provisions of Section 9 are solely for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Issuing Lender, and neither the Borrower nor any other Loan Party shall have rights as a third party beneficiary of any of such provisions.  Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary elsewhere in this Agreement, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities to any Lender or any other Person, except those expressly set forth herein, or any fiduciary relationship with any Lender, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into this Agreement or any other Loan Document or otherwise exist against the Administrative Agent.  It is understood and agreed that the use of the term “agent” herein or in any other Loan Documents (or any other similar term) with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable law.  Instead such term is used as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between contracting parties.
 
(c)           The Administrative Agent shall also act as the collateral agent under the Loan Documents, and the Issuing Lender and each of the other Lenders (in their respective capacities as a Lender and, as applicable, Qualified Counterparty)   hereby irrevocably (i) authorize the Administrative Agent to enter into all other Loan Documents, as applicable, including the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, any subordination agreements and any other Security Documents, and (ii) appoint and authorize the Administrative Agent to act as the agent of the Secured Parties for purposes of acquiring, holding and enforcing any and all Liens on Collateral granted by any of the Loan Parties to secure any of the Obligations, together with such powers and discretion as are reasonably incidental thereto.  The Administrative Agent, as collateral agent and any co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact appointed by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 9.2 for purposes of holding or enforcing any Lien on the Collateral (or any portion thereof) granted under the Security Documents, or for exercising any rights and remedies thereunder at the direction of the Administrative Agent), shall be entitled to the benefits of all provisions of this Section 9 and Section 10 (including Section 9.7 , as though such co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact were the collateral agent under the Loan Documents) as if set forth in full herein with respect thereto.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent is further authorized on behalf of all the Lenders, without the necessity of any notice to or further consent from the Lenders, from time to time to take any action, or permit the any co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact appointed by the Administrative Agent to take any action, with respect to any Collateral or the Loan Documents which may be necessary to perfect and maintain perfected the Liens upon any Collateral granted pursuant to any Loan Document.
 
9.2          Delegation of Duties .  The Administrative Agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Loan Document by or through any one or more sub-agents appointed by the Administrative Agent.  The Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Related Parties.  The exculpatory provisions of this Section shall apply to any such sub-agent and to the Related Parties of the Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the Facilities provided for herein as well as activities as the Administrative Agent.  The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agents except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines in a final and nonappealable judgment that the Administrative Agent acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in the selection of such sub agents.
 
9.3          Exculpatory Provisions .  The Administrative Agent shall have no duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, and its duties hereunder and thereunder shall be administrative in nature.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent shall not:
 
(a)           be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether any Default or any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;
 
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(b)           have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Loan Documents that the Administrative Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be expressly provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents), as applicable; provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or applicable law, including for the avoidance of doubt any action that may be in violation of the automatic stay under any Debtor Relief Law or that may effect a forfeiture, modification or termination of property of a Defaulting Lender in violation of any Debtor Relief Law; and
 
(c)           except as expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, have any duty to disclose, and the Administrative Agent shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, any information relating to the Borrower or any of its Affiliates that is communicated to or obtained by any Person serving as the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity.
 
The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in Sections 8.2 and 10.1 ), or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment.
 
The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document or (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Section 5.1 , Section 5.2 , Section 5.3 or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent.
 
9.4           Reliance by Administrative Agent .  The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper Person.  The Administrative Agent also may rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon.  In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Loan, or the issuance, extension, renewal or increase of a Letter of Credit, that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender, the Administrative Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender prior to the making of such Loan or the issuance of such Letter of Credit.  The Administrative Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for any of the Loan Parties), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts.  The Administrative Agent may deem and treat the payee of any Note as the owner thereof for all purposes unless a written notice of assignment, negotiation or transfer thereof shall have been filed with the Administrative Agent.  The Administrative Agent shall be fully justified in failing or refusing to take any action under this Agreement or any other Loan Document unless it shall first receive such advice or concurrence of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of Lenders as shall be provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents) as it deems appropriate or it shall first be indemnified to its satisfaction by the Lenders against any and all liability and expense that may be incurred by it by reason of taking or continuing to take any such action.  The Administrative Agent shall in all cases be fully protected in acting, or in refraining from acting, under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents in accordance with a request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of Lenders as shall be provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents), and such request and any action taken or failure to act pursuant thereto shall be binding upon the Lenders and all future holders of the Loans.
 
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9.5          Notice of Default .  The Administrative Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default unless the Administrative Agent has received notice in writing from a Lender or the Borrower referring to this Agreement, describing such Default or Event of Default and stating that such notice is a “notice of default.”  In the event that the Administrative Agent receives such a notice, the Administrative Agent shall give notice thereof to the Lenders.  The Administrative Agent shall take such action with respect to such Default or Event of Default as shall be reasonably directed by the Required Lenders (or, if so specified by this Agreement, all Lenders); provided that unless and until the Administrative Agent shall have received such directions, the Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) take such action or refrain from taking such action with respect to such Default or Event of Default as it shall deem advisable in the best interests of the Lenders.
 
9.6           Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders .  Each Lender expressly acknowledges that neither the Administrative Agent nor any of its officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys in fact or affiliates has made any representations or warranties to it and that no act by the Administrative Agent hereafter taken, including any review of the affairs of a Group Member or any Affiliate of a Group Member, shall be deemed to constitute any representation or warranty by the Administrative Agent to any Lender.  Each Lender represents to the Administrative Agent that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own appraisal of and investigation into the business, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Group Members and their affiliates and made its own credit analysis and decision to make its Loans hereunder and enter into this Agreement.  Each Lender also agrees that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit analysis, appraisals and decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, the other Loan Documents or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder, and to make such investigation as it deems necessary to inform itself as to the business, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Group Members and their affiliates.  Except for notices, reports and other documents expressly required to be furnished to the Lenders by the Administrative Agent hereunder, the Administrative Agent shall have no duty or responsibility to provide any Lender with any credit or other information concerning the business, operations, property, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects or creditworthiness of any Group Member or any Affiliate of a Group Member that may come into the possession of the Administrative Agent or any of its officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys in fact or affiliates.
 
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9.7           Indemnification .  Each of the Lenders agrees to indemnify each of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender and each of its Related Parties in its capacity as such (to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrower or any other Loan Party pursuant to any Loan Document and without limiting the obligation of the Borrower or any other Loan Party to do so) according to its Aggregate Exposure Percentage in effect on the date on which indemnification is sought under this Section 9.7 (or, if indemnification is sought after the date upon which the Commitments shall have terminated and the Loans shall have been paid in full, in accordance with its Aggregate Exposure Percentage immediately prior to such date), from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind whatsoever that may at any time (whether before or after the payment of the Loans) be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent or such other Person in any way relating to or arising out of, the Commitments, this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any documents contemplated by or referred to herein or therein or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby or any action taken or omitted by the Administrative Agent or such other Person under or in connection with any of the foregoing and any other amounts not reimbursed by the Borrower or such other Loan Party; provided that no Lender shall be liable for the payment of any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements that are found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted primarily from the Administrative Agent’s or such other Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, and that with respect to such unpaid amounts owed to any Issuing Lender or Swingline Lender solely in its capacity as such, only the Revolving Lenders shall be required to pay such unpaid amounts, such payment to be made severally among them based on such Revolving Lenders’ Revolving Percentage (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought).  The agreements in this Section shall survive the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.
 
9.8          Agent in Its Individual Capacity .  The Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Administrative Agent and the term “Lender” or “Lenders” shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, include the Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder in its individual capacity.  Such Person and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, own securities of, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for and generally engage in any kind of business with the Borrower or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if such Person were not the Administrative Agent hereunder and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders.
 
9.9           Successor Administrative Agent .
 
(a)            The Administrative Agent may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders and the Borrower.  Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right, in consultation with the Borrower unless a Default or an Event of Default then exists, to appoint a successor, which shall be a bank with an office in the State of California, or an Affiliate of any such bank with an office in the State of California.  If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days after the retiring Administrative Agent gives notice of its resignation (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “ Resignation Effective Date ”), then the retiring Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to), on behalf of the Lenders, appoint a successor Administrative Agent meeting the qualifications set forth above; provided that in no event shall any such successor Administrative Agent be a Defaulting Lender.  Whether or not a successor has been appointed, such resignation shall become effective in accordance with such notice on the Resignation Effective Date.
 
(b)           If the Person serving as Administrative Agent is a Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (d) of the definition thereof, the Required Lenders may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, by notice in writing to the Borrower and such Person, remove such Person as Administrative Agent (which right of removal shall be made in consultation with the Borrower unless a Default or an Event of Default then exists) and appoint a successor.  If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “ Removal Effective Date ”), then such removal shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice on the Removal Effective Date.
 
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(c)          With effect from the Resignation Effective Date or the Removal Effective Date (as applicable) (i) the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (except that in the case of any collateral security held by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties under any of the Loan Documents, the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall continue to hold such collateral security until such time as a successor Administrative Agent is appointed and such collateral security is assigned to such successor Administrative Agent) and (ii) except for any indemnity payments owed to the retiring or removed Administrative Agent, all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through the Administrative Agent shall instead be made by or to each Lender directly, until such time, if any, as the Required Lenders appoint a successor Administrative Agent as provided for above in this Section .  Upon the acceptance of a successor’s appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring or removed Administrative Agent (other than any rights to indemnity payments owed to the retiring or removed Administrative Agent), and the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents (if not already discharged therefrom as provided above in this Section).  The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor Administrative Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such successor.  After the retiring or removed Administrative Agent’s resignation or removal hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10.5 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring or removed Administrative Agent, its sub-agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring or removed Administrative Agent was acting as the Administrative Agent.
 
9.10         Collateral and Guaranty Matters .  The Lenders irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at its option and in its discretion,
 
(a)           to release any Lien on any Collateral or other property granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document (i) upon the Discharge of Obligations (other than contingent indemnification obligations) and the expiration or termination of all Letters of Credit and Specified Swap Agreements (other than Letters of Credit and Specified Swap Agreements the Obligations in respect of which have been Cash Collateralized in an amount equal to 105% thereof in accordance with the terms hereof or as to which other arrangements satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or any applicable Qualified Counterparty, as applicable, shall have been made), (ii) that is sold or otherwise disposed of or to be sold or otherwise disposed of as part of or in connection with any sale or other disposition permitted hereunder or under any other Loan Document, or (iii) subject to Section 10.1 , if approved, authorized or ratified in writing by the Required Lenders;
 
(b)           to subordinate any Lien on any Collateral or other property granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document to the holder of any Lien on such property that is permitted by Sections 7.3(g) and (i) ; and
 
(c)           to release any Guarantor from its obligations under the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement if such Person ceases to be a Subsidiary as a result of a transaction permitted under the Loan Documents.
 
(d)           Upon request by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Required Lenders will confirm in writing the Administrative Agent’s authority to release or subordinate its interest in particular types or items of property, or to release any Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty pursuant to this Section 9.10 .
 
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(e)            The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have a duty to ascertain or inquire into any representation or warranty regarding the existence, value or collectability of the Collateral, the existence, priority or perfection of the Administrative Agent’s Lien thereon, or any certificate prepared by any Loan Party in connection therewith, nor shall the Administrative Agent be responsible or liable to the Lenders for any failure to monitor or maintain any portion of the Collateral.
 
9.11        Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim .  In case of the pendency of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or any other judicial proceeding relative to any Loan Party, the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan or Obligation in respect of any Letter of Credit shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrower) shall be entitled and empowered (but not obligated), by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise:
 
(a)           to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Loans, Obligations in respect of any Letter of Credit and all other Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable to have the claims of the Lenders and the Administrative Agent (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Lenders and the Administrative Agent and their respective agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Lenders and the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.6 and 10.5 ) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and
 
(b)           to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;
 
and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, in the event that the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders, to pay to the Administrative Agent any amount due for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Administrative Agent and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.6 and 10.5 .
 
Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Administrative Agent to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Lender any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Obligations or the rights of any Lender to authorize the Administrative Agent to vote in respect of the claim of any Lender in any such proceeding.
 
9.12        No Other Duties, Etc .  Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, none of the “Joint Book Managers”, “Joint Lead Arrangers”, Co-Syndication Agents” or “Documentation Agents” listed on the cover page hereof shall have any powers, duties or responsibilities under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, except in its capacity, as applicable, as the Administrative Agent, a Lender, the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender hereunder.
 
9.13         Survival.   This Section 9 shall survive the Discharge of Obligations.
 
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SECTION 10

MISCELLANEOUS
 
10.1        Amendments and Waivers .
 
(a)           Neither this Agreement, nor any other Loan Document (other than any L/C Related Document   and other than any Bank Services Agreement), nor any terms hereof or thereof may be amended, supplemented or modified except in accordance with the provisions of this Section 10.1 .  The Required Lenders and each Loan Party party to the relevant Loan Document   may, or, with the written consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent and each Loan Party party to the relevant Loan Document may, from time to time, (i) enter into written amendments, supplements or modifications hereto and to the other Loan Documents for the purpose of adding any provisions to this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or changing in any manner the rights of the Lenders or of the Loan Parties hereunder or thereunder or (ii) waive, on such terms and conditions as the Required Lenders or the Administrative Agent, as the case may be, may specify in such instrument, any of the requirements of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or any Default or Event of Default and its consequences; provided that no such waiver and no such amendment, supplement or modification shall (A) forgive the principal amount or extend the final scheduled date of maturity of any Loan, reduce the stated rate of any interest or fee payable hereunder (except that any amendment or modification of defined terms used in the financial covenants in this Agreement shall not constitute a reduction in the rate of interest or fees for purposes of this clause (A)) or extend the scheduled date of any payment thereof, or increase the amount or extend the expiration date of any Lender’s Revolving Commitment, in each case without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby; (B) eliminate or reduce the voting rights of any Lender under this Section 10.1 without the written consent of such Lender; (C) reduce any percentage specified in the definition of Required Lenders, consent to the assignment or transfer by the Borrower of any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, release all or substantially all of the Collateral or release all or substantially all of the Guarantors from their obligations under the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, in each case without the written consent of all Lenders; (D)(1) amend, modify or waive the pro rata requirements of Section 2.15 in a manner that adversely affects Revolving Lenders without the written consent of each Revolving Lender or (2) amend, modify or waive the pro rata requirements of Section 2.15 in a manner that adversely affects the L/C Lenders without the written consent of each L/C Lender; (E) reserved; (F) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 9 without the written consent of the Administrative Agent; (G) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 2.3 or 2.4 without the written consent of the Swingline Lender; (H) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 3 without the written consent of the Issuing Lender; or (I)(1) amend or modify the application of payments set forth in Section 8.3 in a manner that adversely affects Revolving Lenders without the written consent of the Required Lenders or (2) amend or modify the application of payments provisions set forth in Section 8.3 in a manner that adversely affects the Issuing Lender or any Qualified Counterparty, as applicable, without the written consent of the Issuing Lender or each such Qualified Counterparty, as applicable.  Any such waiver and any such amendment, supplement or modification shall apply equally to each of the Lenders and shall be binding upon the Loan Parties, the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, each Qualified Counterparty, and all future holders of the Loans.  In the case of any waiver, the Loan Parties, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent shall be restored to their former position and rights hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, and any Default or Event of Default waived shall be deemed to be cured during the period such waiver is effective; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default, or impair any right consequent thereon.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Issuing Lender may amend any of the L/C Documents without the consent of the Administrative Agent or any other Lender.
 
(b)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 10.1(a) above, in the event that the Borrower or any other Loan Party, as applicable, requests that this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents , as applicable, be amended or otherwise modified in a manner which would require the consent of all of the Lenders and such amendment or other modification is agreed to by the Borrower and/or such other Loan Party, as applicable, the Required Lenders and the Administrative Agent, then, with the consent of the Borrower and/or such other Loan Party, as applicable, the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders, this Agreement or such other Loan Document, as applicable, may be amended without the consent of the Lender or Lenders who are unwilling to agree to such amendment or other modification (each, a “ Minority Lender ”), to provide for:
 
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(i)            the termination of the Commitments of each such Minority Lender;
 
(ii)            the assumption of the Loans and Commitments of each such Minority Lender by one or more Replacement Lenders pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.20 ; and
 
(iii)          the payment of all interest, fees and other obligations payable or accrued in favor of each Minority Lender and such other modifications to this Agreement or to such Loan Documents as the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders may determine to be appropriate in connection therewith.
 
(c)           Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary but subject to the proviso in Section 10.1(a) , this Agreement may be amended (or amended and restated) with the written consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower , (i) to add one or more additional credit or term loan facilities to this Agreement and to permit all such additional extensions of credit and all related obligations and liabilities arising in connection therewith and from time to time outstanding thereunder to share ratably (or on a basis subordinated to the existing facilities hereunder) in the benefits of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents with the obligations and liabilities from time to time outstanding in respect of the existing facilities hereunder, and (ii) in connection with the foregoing, to permit, as deemed appropriate by the Administrative Agent and approved by the Required Lenders, the Lenders providing such additional credit facilities to participate in any required vote or action required to be approved by the Required Lenders.
 
(d)            Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, any Bank Services Agreement may be amended or otherwise modified by the parties thereto in accordance with the terms thereof without the consent of the Administrative Agent or any Lender.
 
10.2        Notices .
 
(a)           All notices, requests and demands to or upon the respective parties hereto to be effective shall be in writing (including by facsimile or electronic mail), and, unless otherwise expressly provided herein, shall be deemed to have been duly given or made when delivered, or three Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, or, in the case of facsimile or electronic mail notice, when received, addressed as follows in the case of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and as set forth in an administrative questionnaire delivered to the Administrative Agent in the case of the Lenders, or to such other address as may be hereafter notified by the respective parties hereto:
 
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Borrower:
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
960 Stewart Drive
   
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
   
Attention:  Michael Healy, CFO
   
Telephone No.:  (408) 331-3300
   
Facsimile No.: (408) 331-3300
   
E-Mail: mhealy@shoretel.com
   
Website URL:   www.shoretel.com
     
   
with a copy to:
 
   
Fenwick & West LLP
   
555 California Street, 12 th Floor
   
San Francisco, CA 94104
   
Attention:  David Michaels
   
Telephone No.:  (415) 875-2455
   
Facsimile No.:  (415) 281-1350
   
Email:  dmichaels@fenwick.com
     
   
And to:
     
   
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
960 Stewart Drive
   
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
   
Attention:  Allen Seto
   
Telephone:  (408) 331-3300
   
Facsimile:  _______________
   
Email:  aseto@shoretel.com
     
 
Administrative Agent:
Silicon Valley Bank
   
555 Mission Street, Suite 900
   
San Francisco, CA 94105
   
Attention:  Stephen Chang
   
Telephone No.:  (415) 764-3163
   
Facsimile No.:  (415) 615-0076
   
E-Mail: schang@svb.com
 
provided that any notice, request or demand to or upon the Administrative Agent or the Lenders shall not be effective until received.
 
(b)           Notices and other communications to the Lenders hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communications (including email and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent; provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender pursuant to Section 2 unless otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and the applicable Lender.  The Administrative Agent or the Borrower may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.  Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise prescribes, (a) notices and other communications sent to an email address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgment from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return email or other written acknowledgment); and (b) notices or communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient, at its email address as described in the foregoing clause (a), of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that, for both clauses (a) and (b) above, if such notice or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice, email or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient.
 
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(c)           Any party hereto may change its address or facsimile number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto.
 
(d)           (i)             Each Loan Party agrees that the Administrative Agent may, but shall not be obligated to, make the Communications (as defined below) available to the Issuing Lender and the other Lenders by posting the Communications on Debt Domain, Intralinks, Syndtrak or a substantially similar electronic transmission system (the “ Platform ”).
 
(ii)           The Platform is provided “as is” and “as available.”  The Agent Parties (as defined below) do not warrant the adequacy of the Platform and expressly disclaim liability for errors or omissions in the Communications.  No warranty of any kind, express, implied or statutory, including, without limitation, any warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of third-party rights or freedom from viruses or other code defects, is made by any Agent Party in connection with the Communications or the Platform.  In no event shall the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties (collectively, the “ Agent Parties ”) have any liability to the Borrower or the other Loan Parties, any Lender or any other Person or entity for damages of any kind, including, without limitation, direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, losses or expenses (whether in tort, contract or otherwise) arising out of the Borrower’s, any Loan Party’s or the Administrative Agent’s transmission of communications through the Platform.  “ Communications ” means, collectively, any notice, demand, communication, information, document or other material provided by or on behalf of any Loan Party pursuant to any Loan Document or the transactions contemplated therein which is distributed to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Lender by means of electronic communications pursuant to this Section, including through the Platform.
 
10.3       No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies .  No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising, on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or under the other Loan Documents shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.  The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law.
 
10.4         Survival of Representations and Warranties .  All representations and warranties made hereunder, in the other Loan Documents and in any document, certificate or statement delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the making of the Loans and other extensions of credit hereunder.
 
10.5        Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver .
 
(a)            Costs and Expenses .  The Borrower shall pay (i) all reasonable and documented out‑of‑pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates (including the reasonable and documented fees, charges and disbursements of counsel for the Administrative Agent), in connection with the syndication of the Facilities, the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), (ii) all reasonable and documented out‑of‑pocket expenses incurred by the Issuing Lender in connection with the issuance, amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit or any demand for payment thereunder, and (iii) all documented out‑of‑pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent or any Lender (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for the Administrative Agent or any Lender) in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights (A) in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, including its rights under this Section, or (B) in connection with the Loans made or Letters of Credit issued or participated in hereunder, including all such out‑of‑pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans or Letters of Credit.
 
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(b)           Indemnification by the Borrower .  The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof), each Lender (including the Issuing Lender), and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called an “ Indemnitee ”) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee), incurred by any Indemnitee or asserted against any Indemnitee by any Person (including the Borrower or any other Loan Party) other than such Indemnitee and its Related Parties arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, (ii) any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds therefrom (including any refusal by the Issuing Lender to honor a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit if the documents presented in connection with such demand do not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit), (iii) any actual or alleged presence or release of Materials of Environmental Concern on or from any property owned or operated by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Environmental Liability related in any way to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by the Borrower or any other Loan Party, and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or (y) result from a claim brought by the Borrower or any other Loan Party against an Indemnitee for breach in bad faith of such Indemnitee's obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, if the Borrower or such Loan Party has obtained a final and nonappealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.  This Section 10.5(b) shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent losses, claims, damages, etc. arising from any non-Tax claim.
 
(c)            Reimbursement by Lenders .  To the extent that the Borrower (or any other Loan Party pursuant to any other Loan Document) for any reason fails indefeasibly to pay any amount required under paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section to be paid by it to the Administrative Agent (or any sub-agent thereof), the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or any Related Party of any of the foregoing, each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or such Related Party, as the case may be, such Lender’s pro rata share (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought based on each Lender’s share of the Total Credit Exposure at such time) of such unpaid amount (including any such unpaid amount in respect of a claim asserted by such Lender); provided that with respect to such unpaid amounts owed to the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender solely in its capacity as such, only the Revolving Lenders shall be required to pay such unpaid amounts, such payment to be made severally among them based on such Revolving Lenders’ Revolving Percentage (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought); and provided   further , that the unreimbursed expense or indemnified loss, claim, damage, liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender in its capacity as such, or against any Related Party of any of the foregoing acting for the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender in connection with such capacity.  The obligations of the Lenders under this paragraph (c) are subject to the provisions of Sections 2.1 , 2.4 and 2.17(e) .
 
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(d)           Waiver of Consequential Damages, Etc .  To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Borrower shall not assert, and hereby waives, any claim against any Indemnitee, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Loan or Letter of Credit, or the use of the proceeds thereof.  No Indemnitee referred to in paragraph (b) above shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed by it through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
 
(e)           Payments .  All amounts due under this Section shall be payable promptly after demand therefor.
 
(f)           Survival .  Each party’s obligations under this Section shall survive the resignation of the Administrative Agent, the resignation of the Issuing Lender and the resignation of the Swingline Lender, the replacement of any Lender, the termination of the Loan Documents, the termination of the Commitments and the Discharge of Obligations.
 
10.6         Successors and Assigns; Participations and Assignments .
 
(a)           Successors and Assigns Generally .  The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby (which for purposes of this Section 10.6 shall include any Bank Services Provider that is party to any Bank Services Agreement with the Borrower or another Group Member), except that the Borrower may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender, and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an assignee in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of this Section, (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Section, or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of paragraph (e) of this Section (and any other attempted assignment or transfer by any party hereto shall be null and void).  Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in paragraph (d) of this Section and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.
 
(b)           Assignments by Lenders .  Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitments and the Loans at the time owing to it); provided that (in each case with respect to any Facility) any such assignment shall be subject to the following conditions:
 
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(i)            Minimum Amounts .
 
(A)          in the case of an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Commitments and/or the Loans at the time owing to it (in each case with respect to any Facility) or contemporaneous assignments to related Approved Funds (determined after giving effect to such assignments) that equal at least the amount specified in paragraph (b)(i)(B) of this Section in the aggregate or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, no minimum amount need be assigned; and
 
(B)          in any case not described in paragraph (b)(i)(A) of this Section, the aggregate amount of the Commitments (which for this purpose includes Loans outstanding thereunder) or, if the applicable Commitments are not then in effect, the principal outstanding balance of the Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment (determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent or, if “ Trade Date ” is specified in the Assignment and Assumption, as of the Trade Date) shall not be less than $5,000,000, unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).
 
(ii)           Proportionate Amounts .  Each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement with respect to the Loans and/or the Commitments assigned, except that this clause (ii) shall not prohibit any Lender from assigning all or a portion of its rights and obligations among separate Facilities on a non-pro rata basis.
 
(iii)           Required Consents .  No consent shall be required for any assignment by a Lender except to the extent required by paragraph (b)(i)(B) of this Section and, in addition:
 
(A)          the consent of the Borrower (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required unless (x) a Default or an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of such assignment, or (y) such assignment is to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender, an Approved Fund or an assignee; provided that the Borrower shall be deemed to have consented to any such assignment unless it shall object thereto by written notice to the Administrative Agent within five Business Days after having received notice thereof;
 
(B)            the consent of the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required for assignments in respect of the Revolving Facility if such assignment is to a Person that is not a Lender with a Revolving Commitment, an Affiliate of such Lender, an Approved Fund with respect to such Lender; and
 
(C)           the consent of the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender shall be required for any assignment in respect of the Revolving Facility.
 
(iv)          Assignment and Assumption .  The parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee of $3,500; provided that the Administrative Agent may, in its sole discretion, elect to waive such processing and recordation fee in the case of any assignment.  The assignee, if it is not a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent any such administrative questionnaire as the Administrative Agent may request.
 
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(v)           No Assignment to Certain Persons .  No such assignment shall be made to (A) a Loan Party or any of a Loan Party’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries or (B) to any Defaulting Lender or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Person who, upon becoming a Lender hereunder, would constitute any of the foregoing Persons described in this clause (B).
 
(vi)          No Assignment to Natural Persons .  No such assignment shall be made to a natural Person.
 
(vii)        Certain Additional Payments .  In connection with any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder, no such assignment shall be effective unless and until, in addition to the other conditions thereto set forth herein, the parties to the assignment shall make such additional payments to the Administrative Agent in an aggregate amount sufficient, upon distribution thereof as appropriate (which may be outright payment, purchases by the assignee of participations or subparticipations, or other compensating actions, including funding, with the consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, the applicable pro rata share of Loans previously requested but not funded by the Defaulting Lender, to each of which the applicable assignee and assignor hereby irrevocably consent), to (x) pay and satisfy in full all payment liabilities then owed by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender and each other Lender hereunder (and interest accrued thereon), and (y) acquire (and fund as appropriate) its full pro rata share of all Loans and participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans in accordance with its Revolving Percentage.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder shall become effective under applicable law without compliance with the provisions of this paragraph, then the assignee of such interest shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender for all purposes of this Agreement until such compliance occurs.
 
Subject to acceptance and recording thereof by the Administrative Agent pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Section, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto) but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits and subject to the obligations of Sections 2.16 , 2.17 , 2.18 and 10.5 with respect to facts and circumstances occurring prior to the effective date of such assignment; provided that except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no assignment by a Defaulting Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender’s having been a Defaulting Lender.  Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this paragraph shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with paragraph (d) of this Section.
 
(c)            Register .  The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices in California a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitments of, and principal amounts (and stated interest) of the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “ Register ”).  The entries in the Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement.  The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.
 
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(d)           Participations .  Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to any Person (other than a natural Person or any Loan Party or any of any Loan Party’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries) (each, a “ Participant ”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and/or obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitments and/or the Loans owing to it); provided that (i) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations, and (iii) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the other Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement.  For the avoidance of doubt, each Lender shall be responsible for the indemnities under Sections 2.17(e) and 9.7 with respect to any payments made by such Lender to its Participant(s).
 
Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver which affects such Participant and for which the consent of such Lender is required (as described in Section 10.1 ).  The Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.16 , 2.17 and 2.18 (subject to the requirements and limitations therein, including the requirements under Section 2.17(f) (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 2.17(f) shall be delivered by such Participant to the Lender granting the participation)) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section; provided that such Participant (A) agrees to be subject to the provisions of Section 2.17 as if it were an assignee under paragraph (b) of this Section; and (B) shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Sections 2.16 or 2.17 , with respect to any participation, than its participating Lender would have been entitled to receive, except to the extent such entitlement to receive a greater payment results from a change in any Requirement of Law that occurs after the Participant acquired the applicable participation.  Each Lender that sells a participation agrees, at the Borrower's request and expense, to use reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Borrower to effectuate the provisions of Section 2.17 with respect to any Participant.  To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 10.7 as though it were a Lender; provided that such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 2.15(k) as though it were a Lender.  Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participant’s interest in the Loans or other obligations under the Loan Documents (the “ Participant Register ”); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant’s interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Loan Document to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations.  The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.
 
(e)           Certain Pledges .  Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank or any central banking authority; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.
 
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(f)           Notes .  The Borrower, upon receipt by the Borrower of written notice from the relevant Lender, agrees to issue Notes to any Lender requiring Notes to facilitate transactions of the type described in Section 10.6 .
 
(g)          Representations and Warranties of Lenders .  Each Lender, upon execution and delivery hereof or upon succeeding to an interest in the Commitments or Loans, as the case may be, represents and warrants as of the Closing Date or as of the effective date of the applicable Assignment and Assumption that (i) it is an Eligible Assignee; (ii) it has experience and expertise in the making of or investing in commitments, loans or investments such as the Commitments and Loans; and (iii) it will make or invest in its Commitments and Loans for its own account in the ordinary course of its business and without a view to distribution of such Commitments and Loans within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or other federal securities laws (it being understood that, subject to the provisions of this Section 10.6 , the disposition of such Commitments and Loans or any interests therein shall at all times remain within its exclusive control).
 
10.7       Adjustments; Set-off .
 
(a)           Except to the extent that this Agreement expressly provides for payments to be allocated to a particular Lender or to the Lenders under a particular Facility, if any Lender (a “ Benefitted Lender ”) shall, at any time after the Loans and other amounts payable hereunder shall immediately become due and payable pursuant to Section 8.2 , receive any payment of all or part of the Obligations owing to it, or receive any collateral in respect thereof (whether voluntarily or involuntarily, by set‑off, pursuant to events or proceedings of the nature referred to in Section 8.1(f) , or otherwise), in a greater proportion than any such payment to or collateral received by any other Lender, if any, in respect of the Obligations owing to such other Lender, such Benefitted Lender shall purchase for cash from the other Lenders a participating interest in such portion of the Obligations owing to each such other Lender, or shall provide such other Lenders with the benefits of any such collateral, as shall be necessary to cause such Benefitted Lender to share the excess payment or benefits of such collateral ratably with each of the Lenders; provided that if all or any portion of such excess payment or benefits is thereafter recovered from such Benefitted Lender, such purchase shall be rescinded, and the purchase price and benefits returned, to the extent of such recovery, but without interest.
 
(b)           Upon (i) the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default and (ii) obtaining the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each of its Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, without prior notice to the Borrower or any other Loan Party, any such notice being expressly waived by the Borrower and each Loan Party, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final), in any currency, at any time held or owing, and any other credits, indebtedness, claims or obligations, in any currency, in each case whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, at any time held or owing by such Lender, its Affiliates or any branch or agency thereof to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower or any other Loan Party, as the case may be, against any and all of the obligations of the Borrower or such other Loan Party now or hereafter existing under this Agreement or any other Loan Document to such Lender or its Affiliates, irrespective of whether or not such Lender or Affiliate shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Loan Document and although such obligations of the Borrower or such other Loan Party may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch, office or Affiliate of such Lender different from the branch, office or Affiliate holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness; provided that in the event that any Defaulting Lender or any of its Affiliates shall exercise any such right of setoff, (x) all amounts so set off shall be paid over immediately to the Administrative Agent for further application in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.15 and, pending such payment, shall be segregated by such Defaulting Lender or Affiliate thereof from its other funds and deemed held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and (y) the Defaulting Lender shall provide promptly to the Administrative Agent a statement describing in reasonable detail the Obligations owing to such Defaulting Lender or Affiliate thereof as to which it exercised such right of setoff.  Each Lender agrees to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application made by such Lender or any of its Affiliates; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application.  The rights of each Lender and its Affiliates under this Section 10.7 are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of set-off) which such Lender or its Affiliates may have.
 
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10.8        Payments Set Aside .  To the extent that any payment or transfer by or on behalf of the Borrower is made to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, or the Administrative Agent or any Lender exercises its right of setoff, and such payment or transfer or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Administrative Agent or such Lender in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any Insolvency Proceeding or otherwise, then (a) to the extent of such recovery, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred, and (b) each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent upon demand its applicable share (without duplication) of any amount so recovered from or repaid by the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such payment is made at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Effective Rate from time to time in effect.  This Section 10.8 shall survive the Discharge of Obligations.
 
10.9        Interest Rate Limitation .  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any Loan Document, the interest paid or agreed to be paid under the Loan Documents shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by applicable law (the “ Maximum Rate ”).  If the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the principal of the Loans or, if it exceeds such unpaid principal, refunded to the Borrower.  In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or received by the Administrative Agent or a Lender exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Person may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, (a) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the Obligations hereunder.
 
10.10     Counterparts; Electronic Execution of Assignments .
 
(a)           This Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties to this Agreement on any number of separate counterparts, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.  Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic mail transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.  A set of the copies of this Agreement signed by all the parties shall be lodged with the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
 
(b)           The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature,” and words of like import in any Assignment and Assumption shall be deemed to include electronic signatures or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, the California Uniform Electronics Transactions Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.
 
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10.11      Severability .  Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.  Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 10.11 , if and to the extent that the enforceability of any provisions in this Agreement relating to Defaulting Lenders shall be limited under or in connection with any Insolvency Proceeding, as determined in good faith by the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender, as applicable, then such provisions shall be deemed to be in effect only to the extent not so limited.
 
10.12      Integration .  This Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any   Bank Services Agreements) represent the entire agreement of the Borrower, the other Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by the Administrative Agent or any Lender relative to the subject matter hereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or in the other Loan Documents.
 
10.13     GOVERNING LAW THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA .  This Section 10.13 shall survive the Discharge of Obligations.
 
10.14      Submission to Jurisdiction; Waivers .  The Borrower hereby irrevocably and unconditionally:
 
(a)           submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State and Federal courts in the Northern District of the State of California; provided that nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to operate to preclude the Administrative Agent or any Lender from bringing suit or taking other legal action in any other jurisdiction to realize on the Collateral or any other security for the Obligations, or to enforce a judgment or other court order in favor of Administrative Agent or such Lender.  The Borrower expressly submits and consents in advance to such jurisdiction in any action or suit commenced in any such court, and the Borrower hereby waives any objection that it may have based upon lack of personal jurisdiction, improper venue, or forum non conveniens and hereby consents to the granting of such legal or equitable relief as is deemed appropriate by such court.  The Borrower hereby waives personal service of the summons, complaints, and other process issued in such action or suit and agrees that service of such summons, complaints, and other process may be made by registered or certified mail addressed to the Borrower at the addresses set forth in Section 10.2 of this Agreement and that service so made shall be deemed completed upon the earlier to occur of the Borrower’s actual receipt thereof or three (3) days after deposit in the U.S. mails, proper postage prepaid;
 
(b)            WAIVES, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ITS RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR BASED UPON THIS AGREEMENT, THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS OR ANY CONTEMPLATED TRANSACTION, INCLUDING CONTRACT, TORT, BREACH OF DUTY AND ALL OTHER CLAIMS.  THIS WAIVER IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT FOR THE PARTIES TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT.  EACH PARTY HAS REVIEWED THIS WAIVER WITH ITS COUNSEL ;
 
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(c)          AGREES, WITHOUT INTENDING IN ANY WAY TO LIMIT ITS AGREEMENT TO WAIVE ITS  RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY , that if the above waiver of the right to a trial by jury is not enforceable, any and all disputes or controversies of any nature arising under the Loan Documents at any time shall be decided by a reference to a private judge, mutually selected by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders (or, if they cannot agree, by the Presiding Judge in the Northern District of the State of California) appointed in accordance with California Code of Civil Procedure Section 638 (or pursuant to comparable provisions of federal law if the dispute falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts), sitting without a jury, in the Northern District of the State of California; and the Borrower hereby submits to the jurisdiction of such court.  The reference proceedings shall be conducted pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of California Code of Civil Procedure §§ 638 through 645.1, inclusive.  The private judge shall have the power, among others, to grant provisional relief, including without limitation, entering temporary restraining orders, issuing preliminary and permanent injunctions and appointing receivers.  All such proceedings shall be closed to the public and confidential and all records relating thereto shall be permanently sealed.  If during the course of any dispute, a party desires to seek provisional relief, but a judge has not been appointed at that point pursuant to the judicial reference procedures, then such party may apply to the court in the Northern District of the State of California for such relief. The proceeding before the private judge shall be conducted in the same manner as it would be before a court under the rules of evidence applicable to judicial proceedings.  The Borrower shall be entitled to discovery which shall be conducted in the same manner as it would be before a court under the rules of discovery applicable to judicial proceedings. The private judge shall oversee discovery and may enforce all discovery rules and orders applicable to judicial proceedings in the same manner as a trial court judge.  The Borrower agrees that the selected or appointed private judge shall have the power to decide all issues in the action or proceeding, whether of fact of law, and shall report a statement of decision thereon pursuant to the California Code of Civil Procedure § 644(a). Nothing in this paragraph shall limit the right of the Administrative Agent or any Lender at any time to exercise self-help remedies, foreclose against collateral, or obtain provisional remedies. The private judge shall also determine all issues relating to the applicability, interpretation and enforceability of this paragraph; and
 
(d)           waives, to the maximum extent not prohibited by law, any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.
 
This Section 10.14 shall survive the Discharge of Obligations.
 
10.15      Acknowledgements .  The Borrower hereby acknowledges that:
 
(a)           it has been advised by counsel in the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents;
 
(b)            none of the Administrative Agent nor any Lender has any fiduciary relationship with or duty to the Borrower arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between the Administrative Agent and Lenders, on one hand, and the Borrower, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor; and
 
(c)           no joint venture is created hereby or by the other Loan Documents or otherwise exists by virtue of the transactions contemplated hereby among the Lenders or among the Borrower and the Lenders.
 
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10.16      Releases of Guarantees and Liens .
 
(a)          Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the Administrative Agent is hereby irrevocably authorized by each Lender (without requirement of notice to or consent of any Lender except as expressly required by Section 10.1 ) to take any action requested by the Borrower having the effect of releasing any Collateral or guarantee obligations (1) to the extent necessary to permit consummation of any transaction not prohibited by any Loan Document or that has been consented to in accordance with Section 10.1 or (2) under the circumstances described in Section 10.16(b) below.
 
(b)           At such time as the Loans and the other Obligations under the Loan Documents (other than with respect to inchoate indemnity obligations and other obligations under or in respect of Specified Swap Agreements, to the extent no default or termination event shall have occurred thereunder, and Obligations arising under Bank Services Agreements which are Cash Collateralized as provided herein) shall have been paid in full, the Commitments shall have been terminated and no Letters of Credit shall be outstanding, the Collateral shall be released from the Liens created by the Security Documents and Bank Services Agreements (other than any Bank Services Agreements used to Cash Collateralize any Obligations arising in connection with Bank Services Agreements), and all obligations (other than those expressly stated to survive such termination) of the Administrative Agent and each Loan Party under the Security Documents and Bank Services Agreements (other than any Bank Services Agreements used to Cash Collateralize any Obligations arising in connection with Bank Services Agreements) shall terminate, all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any Person.
 
10.17      Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality .  Each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (a) to its Related Parties (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential); (b) to the extent required or requested by any regulatory authority purporting to have jurisdiction over such Person or its Related Parties (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners); (c) to the extent required by applicable laws or regulations or by any subpoena or similar legal process, upon the request or demand of any Governmental Authority, in response to any order of any court or other Governmental Authority or as may otherwise be required pursuant to any Requirement of Law or if requested or required to do so in connection with any litigation or similar proceeding; (d) to any other party hereto; (e) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or under any other Loan Document or any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder; (f) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section, to (i) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement, or (ii) any actual or prospective party (or its Related Parties) to any swap, derivative or other transaction under which payments are to be made by reference to the Borrower and its obligations, this Agreement or payments hereunder; (g) on a confidential basis to (i) any rating agency in connection with rating the Borrower or its Subsidiaries or the Facilities or (ii) the CUSIP Service Bureau or any similar agency in connection with the issuance and monitoring of CUSIP numbers with respect to the Facilities; (h) with the consent of the Borrower; or (i) to the extent such Information (x) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section, or (y) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any of their respective Affiliates on a non-confidential basis from a source other than the Borrower.  In addition, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may disclose the existence of this Agreement and information about this Agreement to market data collectors, similar service providers to the lending industry and service providers to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in connection with the administration of this Agreement, the other loan Documents and the Commitments.
 
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Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any party to this Agreement (and any employee, representative, or other agent of any party to this Agreement) may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to it relating to such tax treatment and tax structure.  However, any such information relating to the tax treatment or tax structure is required to be kept confidential to the extent necessary to comply with any applicable federal or state securities laws.
 
For purposes of this Section, “ Information ” means all non-public information received from the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries relating to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, other than any such non-public information that is available to the Administrative Agent or any Lender on a non-confidential basis prior to disclosure by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries; provided that, in the case of any such non-public information received from the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries after the date hereof, such information is clearly identified at the time of delivery or, as applicable, at any time thereafter, as confidential; provided that in no event shall the Administrative Agent or any Lender be subject to any liability under this Section 10.17 as a result of any disclosure of any such information made by the Administrative Agent or any such Lender, as applicable, in accordance with the terms of this Section 10.17 after the date on which such information is delivered but prior to any subsequent date on which the Borrower or any such Subsidiary, as applicable, designates such information as confidential.  Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.
 
Each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender shall be permitted to use any information (not constituting Information subject to the foregoing confidentiality restrictions) related to the syndication and arrangement of the senior credit facilities contemplated by this Agreement in connection with marketing, press releases or other transactional announcements or updates provided to investor or trade publications, including the placement of “tombstone” advertisements in publications of its choice at its own expense.
 
10.18      Automatic Debits .  With respect to any principal, interest, fee, or any other cost or expense (including attorney costs of the Administrative Agent or any Lender payable by the Borrower hereunder) due and payable to the Administrative Agent or any Lender under the Loan Documents, the Borrower hereby irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent to debit any deposit account of the Borrower maintained with the Administrative Agent in an amount such that the aggregate amount debited from all such deposit accounts does not exceed such principal, interest, fee or other cost or expense.  If there are insufficient funds in such deposit accounts to cover the amount then due, such debits will be reversed (in whole or in part, in the Administrative Agent’s sole discretion) and such amount not debited shall be deemed to be unpaid.  No such debit under this Section 10.18 shall be deemed a set-off.
 
10.19      Judgment Currency.  If, for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court, it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder or any other Loan Document in one currency into another currency, the rate of exchange used shall be that at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Administrative Agent could purchase the first currency with such other currency on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given.  The obligation of each Borrower and each other Loan Party in respect of any such sum due from it to the Administrative Agent or any Lender hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall, notwithstanding any judgment in a currency (the “ Judgment Currency ”) other than that in which such sum is denominated in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Agreement (the “ Agreement Currency ”), be discharged only to the extent that on the Business Day following receipt by the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, of any sum adjudged to be so due in the Judgment Currency, the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase the Agreement Currency with the Judgment Currency.  If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is less than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent or any Lender from any Borrower or any other Loan Party in the Agreement Currency, such Borrower and each other Loan Party agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, against such loss.  If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is greater than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in such currency, the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, agrees to return the amount of any excess to such Borrower or other Loan Party, as applicable (or to any other Person who may be entitled thereto under applicable law).
 
116

10.20      Patriot Act .  Each Lender and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any other party) hereby notifies the Borrower that, pursuant to the requirements of the Patriot Act, it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Borrower, which information includes the names and addresses and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify the Borrower in accordance with the Patriot Act.  The Borrower will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, provide, to the extent commercially reasonable or required by any Requirement of Law, such information and take such actions as are reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or any Lender to assist the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in maintaining compliance with the Patriot Act.
 
10.21     Termination.   This Agreement (other than Sections 2.16 , 2.17 , 2.18 , 9 , 10.5 , 10.8 , 10.13 and 10.14 , and any other agreement set forth in a Loan Document that expressly survives the termination of the Commitments and the Discharge of the Obligations) and the Commitments of each Lender shall terminate upon the occurrence of the Discharge of Obligations.
 
10.22     Amendment and Restatement Matters.   This Agreement is intended to amend and restate and supersede and replace in its entirety the Existing Credit Agreement, without novation, with the Commitments set forth herein and the Lenders party hereto.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, on the Closing Date, each Lender listed on the signature pages hereof not previously party to the Existing Credit Agreement shall be and become a Lender hereunder and shall have all of the rights and be obligated to perform all of the obligations of a Lender hereunder to the extent of its Commitment.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Existing Credit Agreement, in order to effect the restructuring of the Existing Credit Facility as contemplated by this Agreement, (a) any “Loans” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement will be deemed Loans in accordance with this Agreement, (b) Section 3.4(b) shall apply to all Existing Letters of Credit, and (c) any accrued and unpaid interest, and all accrued and incurred and unpaid fees, costs and expenses payable under the Existing Credit Agreement will be due and payable on the Closing Date.  Borrower covenants and agrees that it shall not, between the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date, request any further “Loans” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) under the Existing Credit Agreement.  The Borrower ratifies, affirms and acknowledges all of its “Obligations” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) in respect of the Existing Credit Facility Documents, and the Lenders shall be deemed to have participating interests therein as of the Closing Date in accordance with their Revolving Percentages as reflected in Schedule 1.1A .  All previously outstanding promissory notes under the Existing Credit Agreement will be deemed cancelled upon the occurrence of the Closing Date and the issuance of the Notes hereunder.
 
[Remainder of page left blank intentionally]
 
117


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by their proper and duly authorized officers as of the day and year first above written.
 
 
BORROWER:
   
 
SHORETEL, INC.
 
as the Borrower
   
 
By:
   
 
 
Name:
   
 
 
Title:
   
 
Signature Page to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 

118

 
 
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT:
   
 
SILICON VALLEY BANK
 
as the Administrative Agent
   
 
By:
   
 
 
Name:
   
 
 
Title:
   
 
Signature Page to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 

119

 
 
LENDERS:
   
 
SILICON VALLEY BANK
 
as Issuing Lender, Swingline Lender and as a Lender
   
 
By:
   
 
 
Name:
   
 
 
Title:
   
 
Signature Page to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 

120

 
 
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
 
as a Lender
   
 
By:
   
 
 
Name:
   
 
 
Title:
   
 
Signature Page to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 

121

 
 
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
 
as a Lender
   
 
By:
   
 
 
Name:
   
 
 
Title:
   
 
Signature Page to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 

122

 
 
SUNTRUST BANK
 
as a Lender
   
 
By:
   
 
 
Name:
   
 
 
Title:
   
 
Signature Page to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 

123

SCHEDULE 1.1A
 
COMMITMENTS
AND AGGREGATE EXPOSURE PERCENTAGES

REVOLVING COMMITMENTS
 
Lender
 
Revolving Commitment
   
Revolving Percentage
 
         
Silicon Valley Bank
 
$
30,000,000
     
30.000000000
%
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
$
27,500,000
     
27.500000000
%
SunTrust Bank
 
$
21,500,000
     
21.500000000
%
Bank of America, N.A.
 
$
21,000,000
     
21.000000000
%
Total
 
$
100,000,000
     
100.000000000
%

L/C COMMITMENTS
(which is a sublimit of, and not in addition to, the Revolving Commitments)
 
Lender
 
L/C Commitments
   
L/C Percentage
 
         
Silicon Valley Bank
 
$
3,000,000
     
30.000000000
%
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
$
2,750,000
     
27.500000000
%
SunTrust Bank
 
$
2,150,000
     
21.500000000
%
Bank of America, N.A.
 
$
2,100,000
     
21.000000000
%
Total
 
$
10,000,000
     
100.000000000
%

SWINGLINE COMMITMENT
(which is a sublimit of, and not in addition to, the Revolving Commitments)
 
Lender
 
Swingline Commitment
   
Exposure Percentage
 
         
Silicon Valley Bank
 
$
5,000,000
     
100.000000000
%
Total
 
$
5,000,000
     
100.000000000
%

Schedule 1.1A

SCHEDULE 1.1B
EXISTING LETTERS OF CREDIT

L/C Number
Issuance Date
Expiration Date
Beneficiary
 
Stated Amount
 
SVBSF007679
July 2, 2012
July 2, 2015
B. Bros. Broadway Realty, LLC
(c/o Cushman & Wakefield, Inc.)
 
$
634,500
 

 
Schedule 1.1B

SCHEDULE 4.4
 
GOVERNMENTAL APPROVALS, CONSENTS,
AUTHORIZATIONS, FILINGS AND NOTICES
 
Part A Required Governmental Approvals, consents, authorizations, filings and notices that have been obtained or made and that are in full force and effect:
 
None.

Part B :   Required Governmental Approvals, consents, authorizations, filings and notices that have not been obtained or made and that are not in full force and effect:
 
None.
 
Schedule 4.4

SCHEDULE 4.5
 
REQUIREMENTS OF LAW
 
1. Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ShoreTel, Inc.
 
2. By-laws of ShoreTel, Inc.
 
3. Certificate of Formation of M5 Networks, LLC
 
4. Operating Agreement of M5 Networks, LLC


Schedule 4.5

SCHEDULE 4.6
 
LITIGATION
 
None.
 
Schedule 4.6

SCHEDULE 4.9
 
OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; INFRINGEMENT; CLAIMS; ETC.
 
None.
 
Schedule 4.9

SCHEDULE 4.15
 
SUBSIDIARIES
 
Subsidiary
 
Owner
   
Ownership
 
Jurisdiction
ShoreTel, Inc.
 
N/A
 
 
NA
 
Delaware
M5 Networks, LLC
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
Delaware
Agito Networks, Inc.
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
Delaware
M5 Callfinity, Inc.
 
M5 Networks, LLC.
   
100%
 
Delaware
M5 Telecom-USA, Inc.
 
M5 Networks, LLC
   
100%
 
Delaware
M5 Geckotech, Inc.
 
M5 Networks, LLC
   
100%
 
Delaware
ShoreTel International, Inc.
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
Delaware
ShoreTel GmbH
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
Germany
ShoreTel Singapore PTE Ltd.
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
Singapore
ShoreTel Australia Pty.
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
Australia
ShoreTel UK Ltd.
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
UK
ShoreTel Canada Limited
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
   
100%
 
Canada
 
Schedule 4.15

SCHEDULE 4.17
 
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
 
None.
 
Schedule 4.17

SCHEDULE 4.19(a)
 
FINANCING STATEMENTS AND OTHER FILINGS

1. UCC-3 amendment statement to be filed by the Administrative Agent in the filing office of the Delaware Secretary of State’s Office for the purpose of restating the collateral description contained in the UCC-1 financing statement filed by the Administrative Agent against the Borrower in connection with the Existing Credit Facility.
 
2. UCC-3 amendment statement to be filed by the Administrative Agent in the filing office of the Delaware Secretary of State’s Office for the purpose of restating the collateral description contained in the UCC-1 financing statement filed by the Administrative Agent against M5 Networks, LLC in connection with the Existing Credit Facility.
 
3. Filing of Borrower Patent and Trademark Security Agreement with the USPTO.
 
4. Filing of the M5 Networks, LLC Patent and Trademark Security Agreement with the USPTO.
 
Schedule 4.19(a)

SCHEDULE 4.19(b)
 
GROUP MEMBERS HAVING ISSUED CAPITAL STOCK THAT ARE CERTIFICATED SECURITIES
 
Group Member
Class of Capital Stock
 
Certificate No.
   
No. of Shares / Units
 
ShoreTel International, Inc.
Common Stock
 
1
   
100
 
ShoreTel Singapore PTE Ltd.
Ordinary
 
1
   
100
 
ShoreTel Australia Pty Ltd
Ordinary
 
1
   
100
 
8058644 Canada Inc.
Common
 
1
   
100
 
 
Schedule 4.19(b)

SCHEDULE 7.2(d)
 
EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS
 
None.
 
Schedule 7.2(d)

SCHEDULE 7.3(f)
 
EXISTING LIENS
 
None.
 
Schedule 7.3(f)

SCHEDULE 7.8
 
EXISTING INVESTMENTS
 
None.
 
Schedule 7.8

 

December 1, 2014

ShoreTel, Inc.
960 Stewart Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Attn:  Michael Healy, CFO

Re: Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2014, among SHORETEL, INC. , a Delaware corporation the (“ Borrower ”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities party thereto (each a “ Lender ” and, collectively, the “ Lenders ”), SILICON VALLEY BANK (“ SVB ”), as the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender, and SVB, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, the Administrative Agent ) (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, restructured or otherwise modified prior to the date hereof, the “ Credit Agreement ”).  Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement.

Dear Mr. Healy:

The Administrative Agent and the Lenders have proposed to make a corrective amendment to the Credit Agreement by amending and restating the definition of “Commitment Fee Rate” appearing therein to read in its entirety as follows (the “ Corrective Amendment ”):

Commitment Fee Rate ”:  the rate per annum set forth under the relevant column heading below:
 
Level
Consolidated Leverage
Ratio
Commitment Fee Rate when
Average Unused Total Revolving
Commitments is less than 50% of
the Total Revolving Commitments
Commitment Fee Rate when Average
Unused Total Revolving
Commitments equals or exceeds 50%
of the Total Revolving Commitments
I
> 2.50:1.00
0.375%
0.400%
II
> 2.00:1.00 but < 2.50:1.00
0.350%
0.350%
III
> 1.50:1.00 but < 2.00:1.00
0.300%
0.300%
IV
< 1.50:1.00
0.200%
0.250%

Please countersign and return this letter agreement (this “ Agreement ”) to the attention of the Administrative Agent in order to evidence your agreement with and approval of the Corrective Amendment.

Each party hereto represents to each other party hereto that the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by such party has been authorized by all necessary corporate or other action on the part of such party and will not require any registration with, consent or approval of, or notice to or action by, any Person in order to be effective and enforceable.  This Agreement shall become effective on the first date on which the Administrative Agent has received from each of the Borrower and each of the Lenders an executed counterpart signature page hereto.  THIS LETTER AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS LETTER AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.   This letter agreement is subject to the provisions of Section 10.14 of the Credit Agreement relating to submission to jurisdiction, jury trial waiver and judicial reference, which provisions are by this reference incorporated herein, mutatis mutandis , as if set forth herein in full.  This letter agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all such counterparts together shall constitute but one agreement.  This letter agreement shall constitute a Loan Document.

Letter Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 
124

Please indicate your acknowledgement of and agreement with the terms and provisions set forth in this Agreement (including the Corrective Amendment) by countersigning and returning six originally-executed counterpart signature pages hereto to the attention of Stephen Chang at the following address:

Stephen Chang
Silicon Valley Bank
555 Mission Street, 900
San Francisco, CA 94105
 
(Remainder of page intentionally left blank; signature page follows)
 
Letter Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 
125

Very truly yours,

SILICON VALLEY BANK ,
as Administrative Agent, a Lender, the
Swingline Lender and the Issuing Lender
     
By:
   
Name:
   
Title:
   
     
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. ,
as a Lender
     
By:
   
Name:
   
Title:
   
     
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. ,
as a Lender
     
By:
   
Name:
   
Title:
   
     
SUNTRUST BANK ,
as a Lender
     
By:
   
Name:
   
Title:
   
     
ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED:
 
SHORETEL, INC. ,
as the Borrower
     
By:
   
Name:
   
Title:
   
     
M5 NETWORKS, INC. ,
as the Guarantor
     
By:
   
Name:
   
Title:
   

Signature Page to Letter Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
 
 
126


Exhibit 10.2
 
 

EXECUTION VERSION
Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement
 
Dated as of October 22, 2014,
 
made by
 
SHORETEL, INC.,
 
and the other Grantors referred to herein,
 
in favor of

SILICON VALLEY BANK ,
as Administrative Agent
 
 


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
   
Page
 
SECTION 1.
DEFINED TERMS
1
     
1.1
Definitions
2
1.2
Other Definitional Provisions
5
     
SECTION 2.
GUARANTEE
5
     
2.1
Guarantee
5
2.2
Right of Contribution
6
2.3
No Subrogation
6
2.4
Amendments, etc
6
2.5
Guarantee Absolute and Unconditional; Guarantor Waivers; Guarantor Consents
7
2.6
Keepwell Agreement
9
2.7
Reinstatement
9
2.8
Payments
9
     
SECTION 3.
GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST
9
     
3.1
Grant of Security Interests
9
3.2
Grantors Remain Liable
11
3.3
Perfection and Priority
11
     
SECTION 4.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
13
     
4.1
Title; No Other Liens
13
4.2
Perfected Liens
13
4.3
Jurisdiction of Organization; Chief Executive Office and Locations of Books
13
4.4
Inventory and Equipment
14
4.5
Farm Products
14
4.6
Pledged Collateral
14
4.7
Investment Accounts
14
4.8
Receivables
15
4.9
Intellectual Property
15
4.10
Instruments
15
4.11
Letter of Credit Rights
15
4.12
Commercial Tort Claims
15
     
SECTION 5.
COVENANTS
15
     
5.1
Delivery of Instruments, Certificated Securities and Chattel Paper
15
5.2
Maintenance of Insurance
16
5.3
Maintenance of Perfected Security Interest; Further Documentation
16
5.4
Changes in Locations, Name, Etc
17
5.5
Notices
17
5.6
Instruments; Investment Property
17
5.7
Securities Accounts; Deposit Accounts
18
5.8
Intellectual Property
19
5.9
Receivables
20
5.10
Defense of Collateral
20
5.11
Preservation of Collateral
20
 
i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
 
Page
 
5.12
Compliance with Laws, Etc
20
5.13
Location of Books and Chief Executive Office
20
5.14
Location of Collateral
20
5.15
Maintenance of Records
20
5.16
Disposition of Collateral
20
5.17
Liens
21
5.18
Expenses
21
5.19
Leased Premises; Collateral Held by Warehouseman, Bailee, Etc
21
5.20
Chattel Paper
21
5.21
Commercial Tort Claims
21
5.22
Letter-of-Credit Rights
21
5.23
Shareholder Agreements and Other Agreements
21
     
SECTION 6.
REMEDIAL PROVISIONS
21
     
6.1
Certain Matters Relating to Receivables
22
6.2
Communications with Obligors; Grantors Remain Liable
22
6.3
Investment Property
22
6.4
Proceeds to be Turned Over To Administrative Agent
23
6.5
Application of Proceeds
24
6.6
Code and Other Remedies
24
6.7
Registration Rights
25
6.8
Intellectual Property License
25
6.9
Deficiency
26
     
SECTION 7.
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
26
     
7.1
Administrative Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact, etc
26
7.2
Duty of Administrative Agent
27
7.3
Authority of Administrative Agent
28
     
SECTION 8.
MISCELLANEOUS
28
     
8.1
Amendments in Writing
28
8.2
Notices
28
8.3
No Waiver by Course of Conduct; Cumulative Remedies
28
8.4
Enforcement Expenses; Indemnification
28
8.5
Successors and Assigns
29
8.6
Set Off
29
8.7
Counterparts
30
8.8
Severability
30
8.9
Section Headings
30
8.10
Integration
30
8.11
GOVERNING LAW; Submission to Jurisdiction; Jury Trial Waiver
30
8.12
Acknowledgements
30
8.13
Additional Grantors
31
8.14
Releases
31
8.15
Survival
31
 
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
 
SCHEDULES
 
 
Schedule 1
Notice Addresses
Schedule 2
Investment Property
Schedule 3
Perfection Matters
Schedule 4
Jurisdictions of Organization and Chief Executive Offices, etc.
Schedule 5
Equipment and Inventory Locations
Schedule 6
Rights of the Grantors Relating to Intellectual Property
Schedule 7
Letter of Credit Rights
Schedule 8
Commercial Tort Claims
   
ANNEXES
 
 
Annex 1
Form of Assumption Agreement
Annex 2
Form of Pledge Supplement
 
iii

AMENDED AND RESTATED GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT
 
This AMENDED AND RESTATED GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of October 22, 2014 is made by each of the signatories hereto (together with any other entity that may become a party hereto as provided herein, each a “ Grantor ” and, collectively, the “ Grantors ”), in favor of SILICON VALLEY BANK, as administrative agent (together with its successors, in such capacity, the “ Administrative Agent ”) for the banks and other financial institutions or entities (each a “ Lender ” and, collectively, the “ Lenders ”) from time to time parties to that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of the date hereof (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented, restructured or otherwise modified, renewed or replaced from time to time, the “ Credit Agreement ”), among SHORETEL, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “ Borrower ”), the Lenders party thereto and the Administrative Agent.
 
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENTS
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower, certain of the other Grantors and SVB, in its capacity as the Existing Agent thereunder, are party to the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, pursuant to which the Grantors party thereto granted Liens to the Existing Agent (for the ratable benefit of the “Secured Parties” defined in the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) for the purpose of securing the “Obligations” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) arising under the Existing Loan Documents;
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower and the other Grantors party thereto desire to amend and restate the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement pursuant to this Agreement;
 
WHEREAS, this Agreement amends, restates, supersedes and replaces in its entirety the Existing Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, and is not intended to, and will not, act as a novation of the “Obligations” (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) and other indebtedness, liabilities and obligations thereunder;
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower is a member of an affiliated group of companies that includes each other Grantor;
 
WHEREAS, the proceeds of the extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement will be used in part to enable the Borrower to make valuable transfers to one or more of the other Grantors in connection with the operation of their respective business;
 
WHEREAS, certain of the Qualified Counterparties may enter into Specified Swap Agreements with the Borrower;
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower and the other Grantors are engaged in related businesses, and each Grantor derives substantial direct and indirect benefit from the extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement and from the Specified Swap Agreements; and
 
WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Closing Date that the Grantors shall have executed and executed and delivered this Agreement in favor of the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the above premises, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
 
SECTION 1.      Defined Terms.
 
1

1.1           Definitions .
 
(a)            Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Credit Agreement, and the following terms are used herein as defined in the UCC:  Account, Certificated Security, Chattel Paper, Commercial Tort Claim, Commodity Account, Document, Equipment, Farm Products, Fixtures, General Intangible, Goods, Instrument, Inventory, Letter-of-Credit Rights, Money, Securities Account and Supporting Obligation.
 
(b)           The following terms shall have the following meanings:
 
Agreement ”:  as defined in the preamble hereto.
 
Books ”: all books, records and other written, electronic or other documentation in whatever form maintained now or hereafter by or for any Grantor in connection with the ownership of its assets or the conduct of its business or evidencing or containing information relating to the Collateral, including:  (a) ledgers; (b) records indicating, summarizing, or evidencing such Grantor’s assets (including Inventory and Rights to Payment), business operations or financial condition; (c) computer programs and software; (d) computer discs, tapes, files, manuals, spreadsheets; (e) computer printouts and output of whatever kind; (f) any other computer prepared or electronically stored, collected or reported information and equipment of any kind; and (g) any and all other rights now or hereafter arising out of any contract or agreement between such Grantor and any service bureau, computer or data processing company or other Person charged with preparing or maintaining any of such Grantor’s books or records or with credit reporting, including with regard to any of such Grantor’s Accounts.
 
Borrower ”:  as defined in the preamble hereto.
 
Collateral ”: as defined in Section 3.1 .
 
Collateral Account ”:  any collateral account established by the Administrative Agent as provided in Section 6.1 or 6.4 .
 
Copyright License ”:  any written agreement which (a) names a Grantor as licensor or licensee (including those listed on Schedule 6 ) and (b) grants any right under any Copyright to a Grantor, including any rights to manufacture, distribute, exploit and sell materials derived from any Copyright.
 
Copyrights ”:  (a) all copyrights arising under the laws of the United States, any other country or any political subdivision thereof, together with the underlying works of authorship (including titles), whether registered or unregistered and whether published or unpublished, all computer programs, computer databases, computer program flow diagrams, source codes, object codes and all tangible property embodying or incorporating any copyrights, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications in connection therewith, including, without limitation, all registrations, recordings and applications in the U.S. Copyright Office, and (b) the right to obtain any renewals thereof.
 
Excluded Account ”:  any Deposit Account maintained solely for payroll, tax, pension or employee benefits payments, or any zero balance Deposit Account; provided that, in each case, the balance in any such Deposit Account is transferred to a Controlled Account on a daily basis.
 
Excluded Assets ”:  collectively,
 
(a)           Equipment owned by any Grantor on the date hereof or hereafter acquired that is subject to a Lien securing a purchase money obligation or Capital Lease Obligation not prohibited by the terms of the Credit Agreement if the contract or other agreement pursuant to which such Lien is granted (or the documentation providing for such purchase money obligation or Capital Lease Obligation) validly prohibits the creation of any other Lien on such Equipment and proceeds of such Equipment;
 
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(b)           margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U issued by the Board) to the extent the creation of a security interest therein in favor of the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) will result in a violation of Regulation U issued by the Board;
 
(c)           (x) any assets of an Excluded Foreign Subsidiary, and (y) any right, title or interest of any Grantor in any of the outstanding voting Capital Stock or other Equity Interest of any Excluded Foreign Subsidiary (other than Capital Stock or other Equity Interests representing 66% of the total outstanding voting power of all classes of Capital Stock or other Equity Interests of any First Tier Foreign Subsidiary or First Tier Foreign Subsidiary Holding Company); provided that immediately upon the amendment of the Code to allow the pledge of a greater percentage of the voting power of Capital Stock or other Equity Interests in a First Tier Foreign Subsidiary or First Tier Foreign Subsidiary Holding Company without adverse tax consequences, the Collateral shall include, and each Grantor shall be deemed to have granted a security interest in, such greater percentage of Capital Stock or other Equity Interests of each First Tier Foreign Subsidiary or First Tier Foreign Subsidiary Holding Company;
 
(d)           a ny Excluded Account; and
 
(e)           any interest of the Borrower as a lessee or sublessee under a real property lease;
 
provided , however , that any Proceeds, substitutions or replacements of any Excluded Assets shall not be Excluded Assets (unless such Proceeds, substitutions or replacements are otherwise, in and of themselves, Excluded Assets).
 
Excluded Swap Obligations ”:  as defined in the Credit Agreement.
 
Grantor ”:  as defined in the preamble hereto.
 
Guarantor ”: as defined in Section 2.1(a) .
 
Intellectual Property ”:  as defined in the Credit Agreement.
 
Investment Account ”:  any of a Securities Account, a Commodity Account or a Deposit Account.
 
Investment Property ”:  the collective reference to (a) all “investment property” as such term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(49) of the UCC (other than any voting Capital Stock or other ownership interests of a Material First Tier Foreign Subsidiary excluded from the definition of “Pledged Stock”), and (b) whether or not constituting “investment property” as so defined, all Pledged Notes and all Pledged Collateral.
 
Issuer ”:  with respect to any Investment Property, the issuer of such Investment Property.
 
Patent License ”:  any written agreement which (a) names a Grantor as licensor or licensee and (b) grants to such Grantor any right under a Patent, including the right to manufacture, use or sell any invention covered in whole or in part by such Patent, including any such agreements referred to on Schedule 6 .
 
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Patents ”:  (a) all letters patent of the United States, any other country or any political subdivision thereof, all reissues and extensions thereof and all goodwill associated therewith, (b) all applications for letters patent of the United States or any other country and all divisions, continuations and continuations-in-part thereof, and (c) all rights to obtain any reissues or extensions of the foregoing.
 
Pledged Collateral ”:  (a) any and all Pledged Stock; (b)  all other Investment Property of any Grantor; (c) all warrants, options or other rights entitling any Grantor to acquire any interest in Capital Stock or other securities of the direct or indirect Subsidiaries of such Grantor or of any other Person; (d) all Instruments; (e) all securities, property, interest, dividends and other payments and distributions issued as an addition to, in redemption of, in renewal or exchange for, in substitution or upon conversion of, or otherwise on account of, any of the foregoing; (f) all certificates and instruments now or hereafter representing or evidencing any of the foregoing; (g) all rights, interests and claims with respect to the foregoing, including under any and all related agreements, instruments and other documents, and (h) all cash and non-cash proceeds of any of the foregoing, in each case whether presently existing or owned or hereafter arising or acquired and wherever located, and as from time to time received or receivable by, or otherwise paid or distributed to or acquired by, any Grantor.  For the avoidance of doubt, in no event shall Pledged Collateral include any Excluded Assets.
 
Pledged Collateral Agreements ”: as defined in Section 5.22 .
 
Pledged Notes ”:  all promissory notes listed on Schedule 2 and all other promissory notes issued to or held by any Grantor.
 
Pledged Stock ”:  all of the issued and outstanding shares of Capital Stock, whether certificated or uncertificated, of any Grantor’s direct Subsidiaries now or hereafter owned by any such Grantor and including the Capital Stock listed on Schedule 2 hereof (as amended or supplemented from time to time); provided that in no event shall Pledged Stock include any Excluded Assets.
 
Proceeds ”:  all “proceeds” as such term is defined in Section 9102(a)(64) of the UCC and, in any event, shall include, without limitation, all dividends or other income from any Investment Property constituting Collateral and all collections thereon or distributions or payments with respect thereto.
 
Receivable ”:  any right to payment for goods sold or leased or for services rendered, whether or not such right is evidenced by an Instrument or Chattel Paper and whether or not it has been earned by performance (including any Account).
 
Rights to Payment ”: any and all of any Grantor’s Accounts and any and all of any Grantor’s rights and claims to the payment or receipt of money or other forms of consideration of any kind in, to and under or with respect to its Chattel Paper, Documents, General Intangibles, Instruments, Investment Property, Letter-of-Credit Rights, Proceeds and Supporting Obligations.
 
Secured Obligations ”:  collectively, the “Obligations”, as such term is defined in the Credit Agreement.
 
Secured Parties ” means the Administrative Agent, each Lender, each Qualified Counterparty with whom the Borrower enters into a Specified Swap Agreement, and each Bank Services Provider.
 
Trademark License ”:  any written agreement which (a) names a Grantor as licensor or licensee and (b) grants to such Grantor any right to use any Trademark, including any such agreement referred to on Schedule 6 .
 
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Trademarks ”:  (a) all trademarks, trade names, corporate names, company names, business names, fictitious business names, trade styles, service marks, logos, Internet domain names and other source or business identifiers, and all goodwill associated therewith, now existing or hereafter adopted or acquired, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications in connection therewith, whether in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or in any similar office or agency of the United States, any State thereof or any other country or any political subdivision thereof, or otherwise, and all common-law rights related thereto, and (b) the right to obtain all renewals thereof.
 
USCRO ”:  as defined in the Credit Agreement.
 
USPTO ”:  as defined in the Credit Agreement.
 
1.2           Other Definitional Provisions .  The rules of interpretation set forth in Section 1.2 of the Credit Agreement are by this reference incorporated herein, mutatis mutandis , as if set forth herein in full.
 
SECTION 2.      Guarantee.
 
2.1           Guarantee .
 
(a)           Each Grantor, other than the Borrower, who has executed this Agreement as of the date hereof, together with each Material Domestic Subsidiary of any Grantor that accedes to this Agreement as a Grantor after the date hereof pursuant to Section 6.12 of the Credit Agreement (each a “ Guarantor ” and, collectively, the “ Guarantors ”), hereby, jointly and severally, unconditionally and irrevocably, guarantees to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties and their respective successors, indorsees, transferees and assigns, the prompt and complete payment and performance by the Borrower and the other Loan Parties when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of the Secured Obligations.  In furtherance of the foregoing, and without limiting the generality thereof, each Guarantor agrees as follows:
 
(i)          each Guarantor’s liability hereunder shall be the immediate, direct, and primary obligation of such Guarantor and shall not be contingent upon the Administrative Agent’s or any Secured Party’s exercise or enforcement of any remedy it or they may have against the Borrower, any other Guarantor, any other Person, or all or any portion of the Collateral; and
 
(ii)         the Administrative Agent may enforce this guaranty notwithstanding the existence of any dispute between any of the Secured Parties and the Borrower or any other Guarantor with respect to the existence of any Event of Default .
 
(b)         Anything herein or in any other Loan Document to the contrary notwithstanding, the maximum liability of each Guarantor hereunder and under the other Loan Documents shall in no event exceed the amount which can be guaranteed by such Guarantor under applicable federal and state laws relating to the insolvency of debtors (after giving effect to the right of contribution established in Section 2.2 ).
 
(c)           Each Guarantor agrees that the Secured Obligations may at any time and from time to time exceed the amount of the liability of such Guarantor hereunder without impairing the guarantee contained in this Section 2 or affecting the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party hereunder.
 
(d)         The guarantee contained in this Section 2 shall remain in full force and effect until the occurrence of the Discharge of Obligations, notwithstanding that from time to time during the term of the Credit Agreement the outstanding amount of the Secured Obligations may be zero.
 
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(e)           No payment made by the Borrower, any Guarantor, any other guarantor or any other Person or received or collected by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party from the Borrower, any Guarantor, any other guarantor or any other Person by virtue of any action or proceeding or any setoff or appropriation or application at any time or from time to time in reduction of or in payment of the Secured Obligations shall be deemed to modify, reduce, release or otherwise affect the liability of any Guarantor hereunder which shall, notwithstanding any such payment (other than any payment made by such Guarantor in respect of the Secured Obligations or any payment received or collected from such Guarantor in respect of the Secured Obligations), remain liable for the Secured Obligations up to the maximum liability of such Guarantor hereunder until the Discharge of Obligations.
 
2.2           Right of Contribution .  If in connection with any payment made by any Guarantor hereunder any rights of contribution arise in favor of such Guarantor against one or more other Guarantors, such rights of contribution shall be subject to the terms and conditions of Section 2.3 .  The provisions of this Section 2.2 shall in no respect limit the obligations and liabilities of any Guarantor to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, and each Guarantor shall remain liable to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties for the full amount guaranteed by such Guarantor hereunder.
 
2.3            No Subrogation .  Notwithstanding any payment made by any Guarantor hereunder or any setoff or application of funds of any Guarantor by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party, no Guarantor shall be entitled to be subrogated to any of the rights of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party against the Borrower or any other Guarantor or any Collateral or guarantee or right of offset held by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party for the payment of the Secured Obligations, nor shall any Guarantor seek or be entitled to seek any contribution or reimbursement from the Borrower or any other Guarantor in respect of payments made by such Guarantor hereunder, in each case, until the Discharge of Obligations.  If any amount shall be paid to any Guarantor on account of such subrogation rights at any time prior to the Discharge of Obligations, such amount shall be held by such Guarantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, shall be segregated from other funds of such Guarantor, and shall, forthwith upon receipt by such Guarantor, be turned over to the Administrative Agent in the exact form received by such Guarantor (duly indorsed by such Guarantor to the Administrative Agent, if required), to be applied in such order as set forth in Section 6.5 hereof irrespective of the occurrence or the continuance of any Event of Default.
 
2.4          Amendments, etc. with respect to the Secured Obligations .  Each Guarantor shall remain obligated hereunder notwithstanding that, without any reservation of rights against any Guarantor and without notice to or further assent by any Guarantor, any demand for payment of any of the Secured Obligations made by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party may be rescinded by the Administrative Agent or such Secured Party and any of the Secured Obligations continued, and the Secured Obligations, or the liability of any other Person upon or for any part thereof, or any collateral security or guarantee therefor or right of offset with respect thereto, may, from time to time, in whole or in part, be renewed, extended, amended, modified, accelerated, compromised, waived, surrendered or released by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party, and the Credit Agreement, the other Loan Documents, the Specified Swap Agreements and any other documents executed and delivered in connection therewith may be amended, modified, supplemented or terminated, in whole or in part, as the Administrative Agent (or the Required Lenders or all of the Lenders, as the case may be) may deem advisable from time to time, and any collateral security, guarantee or right of offset at any time held by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party for the payment of the Secured Obligations may be sold, exchanged, waived, surrendered or released.  Neither the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party shall have any obligation to protect, secure, perfect or insure any Lien at any time held by it as security for the Secured Obligations or for the guarantee contained in this Section 2 or any property subject thereto.
 
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2.5           Guarantee Absolute and Unconditional; Guarantor Waivers; Guarantor Consents .  Each Guarantor waives any and all notice of the creation, renewal, extension or accrual of any of the Secured Obligations and notice of or proof of reliance by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party upon the guarantee contained in this Section 2 or acceptance of the guarantee contained in this Section 2 ; the Secured Obligations, and any of them, shall conclusively be deemed to have been created, contracted or incurred, or renewed, extended, amended or waived, in reliance upon the guarantee contained in this Section 2 ; and all dealings between the Borrower and any of the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, on the other hand, likewise shall be conclusively presumed to have been had or consummated in reliance upon the guarantee contained in this Section 2 .  Each Guarantor further waives:
 
(a)           diligence, presentment, protest, demand for payment and notice of default or nonpayment to or upon the Borrower or any of the other Guarantors with respect to the Secured Obligations;
 
(b)           any right to require any Secured Party to marshal assets in favor of the Borrower, such Guarantor, any other Guarantor or any other Person, to proceed against the Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Person, to proceed against or exhaust any of the Collateral, to give notice of the terms, time and place of any public or private sale of personal property security constituting the Collateral or other collateral for the Secured Obligations or to comply with any other provisions of Section 9611 of the UCC (or any equivalent provision of any other applicable law) or to pursue any other right, remedy, power or privilege of any Secured Party whatsoever;
 
(c)            the defense of the statute of limitations in any action hereunder or for the collection or performance of the Secured Obligations;
 
(d)           any defense arising by reason of any lack of corporate or other authority or any other defense of the Borrower, such Guarantor or any other Person;
 
(e)          any defense based upon the Administrative Agent’s or any Secured Party’s errors or omissions in the administration of the Secured Obligations;
 
(f)            any rights to set-offs and counterclaims;
 
(g)          any defense based upon an election of remedies (including, if available, an election to proceed by non-judicial foreclosure) which destroys or impairs the subrogation rights of such Guarantor or the right of such Guarantor to proceed against the Borrower or any other obligor of the Secured Obligations for reimbursement; and
 
(h)           without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any defenses or benefits that may be derived from or afforded by applicable law that limit the liability of or exonerate guarantors or sureties, or which may conflict with the terms of this Agreement.
 
Each Guarantor understands and agrees that the guarantee contained in this Section 2 shall be construed as a continuing, absolute and unconditional guarantee of payment without regard to (i) the validity or enforceability of the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, any of the Secured Obligations or any other collateral security therefor or guarantee or right of offset with respect thereto at any time or from time to time held by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party, (ii) any defense, setoff or counterclaim (other than a defense of payment or performance) which may at any time be available to or be asserted by the Borrower or any other Person against the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party, (iii) any other circumstance whatsoever (with or without notice to or knowledge of the Borrower or such Guarantor) which constitutes, or might be construed to constitute, an equitable or legal discharge of the Borrower and the Guarantors for the Secured Obligations, or of such Guarantor under the guarantee contained in this Section 2 , in bankruptcy or in any other instance, (iv) any Insolvency Proceeding with respect to the Borrower, any Guarantor or any other Person, (v) any merger, acquisition, consolidation or change in structure of the Borrower, any Guarantor or any other Person, or any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition of any or all of the assets or Voting Stock of the Borrower, any Guarantor or any other Person, (vi) any assignment or other transfer, in whole or in part, of any Secured Party’s interests in and rights under this Guaranty or the other Loan Documents, including any Secured Party’s right to receive payment of the Secured Obligations, or any assignment or other transfer, in whole or in part, of any Secured Party’s interests in and to any of the Collateral, (vi) any Secured Party’s vote, claim, distribution, election, acceptance, action or inaction in any Insolvency Proceeding related to any of the Secured Obligations, and (vii) any other guaranty, whether by such Guarantor or any other Person, of all or any part of the Secured Obligations or any other indebtedness, obligations or liabilities of any Guarantor to any Secured Party.
 
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When making any demand hereunder or otherwise pursuing its rights and remedies hereunder against any Guarantor, the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party may, but shall be under no obligation to make a similar demand on or otherwise pursue such rights and remedies as it may have against the Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Person or against any collateral security or guarantee for the Secured Obligations or any right of offset with respect thereto.  Any failure by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party to make any such demand, to pursue such other rights or remedies or to collect any payments from the Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Person or to realize upon any such collateral security or guarantee or to exercise any such right of offset, or any release of the Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Person or any such collateral security, guarantee or right of offset, shall not relieve any Guarantor of any obligation or liability hereunder, and shall not impair or affect the rights and remedies, whether express, implied or available as a matter of law, of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party against any Guarantor.  For the purposes hereof “demand” shall include the commencement and continuance of any legal proceedings.
 
Each Guarantor further unconditionally consents and agrees that, without notice to or further assent from any Guarantor: (a) the principal amount of the Secured Obligations may be increased or decreased and additional indebtedness or obligations of the Borrower or any other Persons under the Loan Documents may be incurred, by one or more amendments, modifications, renewals or extensions of any Loan Document or otherwise; (b) the time, manner, place or terms of any payment under any Loan Document may be extended or changed, including by an increase or decrease in the interest rate on any Secured Obligation or any fee or other amount payable under such Loan Document, by an amendment, modification or renewal of any Loan Document or otherwise; (c) the time for the Borrower’s (or any other Loan Party’s) performance of or compliance with any term, covenant or agreement on its part to be performed or observed under any Loan Document may be extended, or such performance or compliance waived, or failure in or departure from such performance or compliance consented to, all in such manner and upon such terms as the Administrative Agent may deem proper; (d) in addition to the Collateral, the Secured Parties may take and hold other security (legal or equitable) of any kind, at any time, as collateral for the Secured Obligations, and may, from time to time, in whole or in part, exchange, sell, surrender, release, subordinate, modify, waive, rescind, compromise or extend such security and may permit or consent to any such action or the result of any such action, and may apply such security and direct the order or manner of sale thereof; (e) any Secured Party may discharge or release, in whole or in part, any other Guarantor or any other Loan Party or other Person liable for the payment and performance of all or any part of the Secured Obligations, and may permit or consent to any such action or any result of such action, and shall not be obligated to demand or enforce payment upon any of the Collateral, nor shall any Secured Party be liable to any Guarantor for any failure to collect or enforce payment or performance of the Secured Obligations from any Person or to realize upon the Collateral, and (f) the Secured Parties may request and accept other guaranties of the Secured Obligations and any other indebtedness, obligations or liabilities of the Borrower or any other Loan Party to any Secured Party and may, from time to time, in whole or in part, surrender, release, subordinate, modify, waive, rescind, compromise or extend any such guaranty and may permit or consent to any such action or the result of any such action; in each case (a) through (f), as the Secured Parties may deem advisable, based on their reasonable good faith business judgment, and without impairing, abridging, releasing or affecting this Agreement.
 
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2.6           Keepwell Agreement .  Each Guarantor that is a Qualified ECP Guarantor hereby jointly and severally, absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably undertakes to provide such funds or other support as may be needed from time to time by any other Guarantor to permit such other Guarantor to honor all of its obligations under this Guaranty in respect of Swap Obligations; provided , however , that each Qualified ECP Guarantor shall only be liable under this Section 2.6 for the maximum amount of such liability that can be hereby incurred without rendering its obligations under this Section 2.6 , or otherwise under this Agreement (including Section 2.1(b) and 2.2 ), as they relate to such Qualified ECP Guarantor, voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer, and not for any greater  amount.  The obligations of each Qualified ECP Guarantor under this Section 2.6 shall remain in force and effect until the Discharge of Obligations.  Each Qualified ECP Guarantor intends that this Section 2.6 constitute, and this Section 2.6 shall be deemed to constitute, a “keepwell, support, or other agreement” for the benefit of each other Guarantor for all purposes of Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act.
 
2.7           Reinstatement .  The guarantee contained in this Section 2 shall continue to be effective, or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment, or any part thereof, of any of the Secured Obligations is rescinded or must otherwise be restored or returned by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation or reorganization of the Borrower or any Guarantor, or upon or as a result of the appointment of a receiver, intervenor or conservator of, or trustee or similar officer for, the Borrower or any such Guarantor or any substantial part of its respective property, or otherwise, all as though such payments had not been made.
 
2.8          Payments .  Each Guarantor hereby guarantees that payments hereunder will be paid to the Administrative Agent without setoff or counterclaim in Dollars at the Funding Office.
 
SECTION 3.        GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST
 
3.1            Grant of Security Interests .  Each Grantor hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in all of the following property now owned or at any time hereafter acquired by such Grantor or in which such Grantor now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest and wherever located (collectively, the “ Collateral ”), as collateral security for the prompt and complete payment and performance when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of the Secured Obligations:
 
(a)            all Accounts;
 
(b)           all Chattel Paper;
 
(c)           all Commercial Tort Claims;
 
(d)           all Deposit Accounts;
 
(e)           all Documents;
 
(f)            all Equipment;
 
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(g)           all Fixtures;
 
(h)           all General Intangibles;
 
(i)            all Goods;
 
(j)            all Instruments;
 
(k)           all Intellectual Property;
 
(l)            all Inventory;
 
(m)          all Investment Property (including all Pledged Collateral);
 
(n)           all Letter-of-Credit Rights;
 
(o)           all Money;
 
(p)           all Books and records pertaining to the Collateral
 
(q)           all other personal property not otherwise described above; and
 
(r)           to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds, Supporting Obligations and products of any and all of the foregoing; provided , however , that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in clauses (a) through (q) above, the security interests created by this Agreement shall not extend to, and the term “Collateral” (including all of the individual items comprising Collateral) shall not include, any Excluded Assets.
 
Notwithstanding any of the other provisions set forth in this Section 3 , this Agreement shall not constitute a grant of a security interest in any property to the extent that such grant of a security interest is prohibited by any Requirement of Law of a Governmental Authority or constitutes a breach or default under or results in the termination of or requires any consent not obtained under, any contract, license, agreement, instrument or other document evidencing or giving rise to such property, except (i) to the extent that the terms in such contract, license, instrument or other document providing for such prohibition, breach, default or termination, or requiring such consent are not permitted under the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement or (ii) to the extent that such Requirement of Law or the term in such contract, license, agreement, instrument or other document providing for such prohibition, breach, default or termination or requiring such consent is ineffective under Section 9406, 9407, 9408 or 9409 of the UCC (or any successor provision or provisions) of any relevant jurisdiction or any other applicable law (including the Bankruptcy Code) or principles of equity; provided , however , that such security interest shall attach immediately at such time as such Requirement of Law is not effective or applicable, or such prohibition, breach, default or termination is no longer applicable or is waived, and to the extent severable, shall attach immediately to any portion of the Collateral that does not result in such consequences; and provided , further , that no United States intent-to-use Trademark or service mark application shall be included in the Collateral to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of such intent-to-use Trademark or service mark application under United States applicable law.  After such period, each Grantor acknowledges that such interest in such Trademark or service mark application shall be subject to a security interest in favor of the Administrative Agent (held for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) and shall be included in the Collateral.
 
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Each Grantor acknowledges that it previously has entered, and/or may in the future enter, into Bank Services Agreements with one or more Bank Services Providers.  Regardless of the terms of any Bank Services Agreement, each Grantor agrees that any amounts such Grantor owes to any such Bank Services Provider thereunder shall be deemed to be Secured Obligations hereunder and that it is the intent of all such Grantors and all Secured Parties to have all such Secured Obligations secured by the first priority perfected security interest in the Collateral granted herein (subject only to Liens permitted by Section 7.3 of the Credit Agreement that may have superior priority to the Administrative Agent’s Lien (held for the ratable benefit of the Lenders) under this Agreement).
 
Each Grantor acknowledges that the Borrower may have previously entered into and/or may in the future enter into Specified Swap Agreements with one or more Qualified Counterparties and that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any such Specified Swap Agreement, each Grantor agrees that any amounts the Borrower owes to any such Qualified Counterparty under any such Specified Swap Agreement shall be deemed to be Secured Obligations hereunder and that it is the intent of all such Grantors and each such Qualified Counterparty to have all such Secured Obligations secured by the first priority perfected security interest and Lien of the Administrative Agent (held for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) in the Collateral granted herein (subject only to Liens permitted by Section 7.3 of the Credit Agreement).
 
3.2          Grantors Remain Liable .  Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, (a) each Grantor shall remain liable under any contracts, agreements and other documents included in the Collateral, to the extent set forth therein, to perform all of its duties and obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (b) the exercise by the Administrative Agent of any of the rights granted to the Administrative Agent hereunder shall not release any Grantor from any of its duties or obligations under any such contracts, agreements and other documents included in the Collateral, and (c) neither the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party shall have any obligation or liability under any such contracts, agreements and other documents included in the Collateral by reason of this Agreement, nor shall the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party be obligated to perform any of the obligations or duties of any Grantor thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce any such contract, agreement or other document included in the Collateral hereunder.
 
3.3           Perfection and Priority .
 
(a)           Financing Statements .  Pursuant to any applicable law, each Grantor authorizes the Administrative Agent (and its counsel and its agents) to file or record at any time and from time to time any financing statements and other filing or recording documents or instruments with respect to the Collateral and each Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Grantor hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent (and its counsel and its agents) to file (with or without the signature of such Grantor) at any time and from time to time, all amendments to financing statements, continuation financing statements, termination statements, security agreements relating to the Intellectual Property, assignments, fixture filings, affidavits, reports notices and all other documents and instruments, in such form and in such offices as the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders determine appropriate to perfect and continue perfected, maintain the priority of or provide notice of the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Collateral under and to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement.  Each Grantor hereby ratifies and authorizes the filing by the Administrative Agent (and its counsel and its agents) of any financing statement with respect to the Collateral made prior to the date hereof.
 
(b)          Filing of Financing Statements .  Each Grantor shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, from time to time, such completed UCC‑1 financing statements for filing or recording in the appropriate filing offices as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent.
 
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(c)           Transfer of Security Interest Other Than by Delivery .  If for any reason Pledged Collateral cannot be delivered to or for the account of the Administrative Agent as provided in Section 5.6(b) , each applicable Grantor shall promptly take such other steps as may be necessary or as shall be reasonably requested from time to time by the Administrative Agent to effect a transfer of a perfected first priority security interest in and pledge of the Pledged Collateral to the Administrative Agent for itself and on behalf of and for the ratable benefit of the other Secured Parties pursuant to the UCC.  To the extent practicable, each such Grantor shall thereafter deliver the Pledged Collateral to or for the account of the Administrative Agent as provided in Section 5.6(b) .
 
(d)           Intellectual Property .  (i)  Each Grantor shall, in addition to executing and delivering this Agreement, take such other action as may be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Intellectual Property of such Grantor.  (ii) Following the creation or other acquisition of any Intellectual Property by any Grantor after the date hereof which is registered or becomes registered or the subject of an application for registration with the U.S. Copyright Office or the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, as applicable, such Grantor shall give the Administrative Agent prompt notice thereof by listing such Intellectual Property as an attachment to the next Compliance Certificate that the Borrower is required to deliver to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 6.2(b) of the Credit Agreement and, if so requested by the Administrative Agent, (A) modify this Agreement by amending Schedule 6 to include any Intellectual Property of such Grantor which becomes part of the Collateral and which was not included on Schedule 6 as of the date hereof, and (B) record an initial filing or, as applicable, an amendment to this Agreement with the USCRO or the USPTO, as applicable, and take such other action as may be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders may reasonably request, to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest and Lien in such Intellectual Property (held for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties).
 
(e)           Bailees .  Any Person (other than the Administrative Agent) at any time and from time to time holding all or any portion of the Collateral shall be deemed to, and shall, hold the Collateral as the agent of, and as pledge holder for, the Administrative Agent.  At any time and from time to time, the Administrative Agent may give notice to any such Person holding all or any portion of the Collateral that such Person is holding the Collateral as the agent and bailee of, and as pledge holder for, the Administrative Agent, and may require any applicable Grantor to use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such Person’s written acknowledgment thereof, in any such case, in accordance with the terms and provisions of Section 6.12(e) of the Credit Agreement.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor will join with the Administrative Agent in notifying any Person who has possession of any Collateral of the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain an acknowledgment from such Person that it is holding the Collateral for the benefit of the Administrative Agent.
 
(f)             Control.   Each Grantor will cooperate with the Administrative Agent in obtaining control (as defined in the UCC) of Collateral consisting of any Deposit Accounts (subject to Section 5.7(a) ), Electronic Chattel Paper (subject to Section 5.6 ), Investment Property (subject to Section 5.6 ) or Letter-of-Credit Rights (subject to Section 5.6 ), including delivery of Control Agreements, as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, to perfect and continue perfected, maintain the priority of or provide notice of the Administrative Agent’s security interest in such Collateral.
 
(g)          Additional Subsidiaries .  In the event that any Grantor acquires rights in any Subsidiary (other than a Foreign Subsidiary which is not a Material First Tier Foreign Subsidiary) after the date hereof, it shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a completed pledge supplement, substantially in the form of Annex 2 (the “ Pledge Supplement ”), together with all schedules thereto, reflecting the pledge of the Capital Stock of such new Subsidiary (except to the extent such Capital Stock consists of Excluded Assets), together with any other documents and agreements (including, as applicable, any Foreign Pledge Documents reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent) the Administrative Agent requires the Borrower to cause such Grantor to deliver pursuant to Section 6.12 of the Credit Agreement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that the security interest of the Administrative Agent shall attach to the Pledged Collateral related to such Subsidiary immediately upon any Grantor’s acquisition of rights therein and shall not be affected by the failure of any Grantor to deliver a Pledge Supplement or, as applicable, any such other Foreign Pledge Documents or other documents or agreements.
 
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              SECTION 4.          REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
In addition to the representations and warranties of the Borrower set forth in the Credit Agreement and relating to the other Loan Parties, which representations and warranties are incorporated herein by this reference, and to induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into the Credit Agreement and to induce the Lenders to make their respective extensions of credit to the Borrower thereunder, each Grantor hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each other Secured Party that:
 
4.1            Title; No Other Liens .  Except for the Liens permitted to exist on the Collateral by Section 7.3 of the Credit Agreement, such Grantor owns each item of the Collateral in which a Lien is granted by it free and clear of any and all Liens and other claims of others.  Other than precautionary filings in respect of true leases, no financing statement, fixture filing or other public notice with respect to all or any part of the Collateral is on file or of record or will be filed in any public office, except such as have been filed as permitted by the Credit Agreement.  For the avoidance of doubt, it is understood and agreed that each Grantor may, as part of its business, grant licenses to third parties to use Intellectual Property owned or developed by such Grantor.  For purposes of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, such licensing activity shall not constitute a “Lien” on such Intellectual Property.  The Administrative Agent and each other Secured Party understands that any such licenses may be exclusive to the applicable licensees, and such exclusivity provisions may limit the ability of the Administrative Agent to utilize, sell, lease or transfer the related Intellectual Property or otherwise realize value from such Intellectual Property pursuant hereto.
 
4.2           Perfected Liens .  The security interests granted to the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Agreement (a) upon completion of the filings and other actions specified on Schedule 3 (which, in the case of all filings and other documents referred to on said Schedule but subject to Section 5.3 of the Credit Agreement, have been delivered to the Administrative Agent in completed and duly (if applicable) executed form) will constitute valid perfected security interests in all of the Collateral in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, as collateral security for the Secured Obligations, enforceable in accordance with the terms hereof against any creditors of any Grantor and any Persons purporting to purchase any Collateral from any Grantor, and (ii) are prior to all other Liens on the Collateral in existence on the date hereof except for Liens permitted by the Credit Agreement which have priority over the Liens of the Administrative Agent on the Collateral (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) by operation of law, and in the case of Collateral other than Pledged Collateral, Liens permitted by Section 7.3 of the Credit Agreement.  Unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, each Grantor has the right to remove the Fixtures in which such   Grantor has an interest within the meaning of Section 9334(f)(2) of the UCC.
 
4.3         Jurisdiction of Organization; Chief Executive Office and Locations of Books .  On the date hereof, such Grantor’s jurisdiction of organization, identification number from the jurisdiction of organization (if any), and the location of such Grantor’s chief executive office or sole place of business, as the case may be, are specified on Schedule 4 .  All locations where Books pertaining to the Rights to Payment of such Grantor are kept, including all equipment necessary for accessing such Books and the names and addresses of all service bureaus, computer or data processing companies and other Persons keeping any Books or collecting Rights to Payment for such Grantor, are set forth in Schedule 4 .
 
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4.4            Inventory and Equipment .  On the date hereof (a) the Inventory and (b) the Equipment (other than mobile goods) are kept at the locations listed on Schedule 5 .
 
4.5            Farm Products .  None of the Collateral constitutes, or is the Proceeds of, Farm Products.
 
4.6            Pledged Collateral .  (a) All of the Pledged Stock held by such Grantor has been duly and validly issued, and is fully paid and non-assessable, subject in the case of Pledged Stock constituting partnership interests or limited liability company membership interests to future assessments required under applicable law and any applicable partnership or operating agreement, (b) such Grantor is or, in the case of any such additional Pledged Collateral will be, the legal record and beneficial owner thereof, (c) in the case of Pledged Stock of a Subsidiary of such Grantor or Pledged Collateral of such Grantor constituting Instruments issued by a Subsidiary of such Grantor, there are no restrictions on the transferability of such Pledged Collateral or such additional Pledged Collateral to the Administrative Agent or with respect to the foreclosure, transfer or disposition thereof by the Administrative Agent, except as provided under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws, (d) the Pledged Stock pledged by such Grantor constitutes all of the issued and outstanding shares of Capital Stock of each Issuer owned by such Grantor (except for Excluded Assets), and such Grantor owns no securities convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of Capital Stock of any such Issuer that do not constitute Pledged Stock hereunder, (e) any and all Pledged Collateral Agreements which affect or relate to the voting or giving of written consents with respect to any of the Pledged Stock pledged by such Grantor have been disclosed to the Administrative Agent, and (f) as to each such Pledged Collateral Agreement relating to the Pledged Stock pledged by such Grantor, (i) to the best knowledge of such Grantor, such Pledged Collateral Agreement contains the entire agreement between the parties thereto with respect to the subject matter thereof and is in full force and effect in accordance with its terms, (ii) to the best knowledge of such Grantor party thereto, there exists no material violation or material default under any such Pledged Collateral Agreement by such Grantor or the other parties thereto, and (iii) such Grantor has not knowingly waived or released any of its material rights under or otherwise consented to a material departure from the terms and provisions of any such Pledged Collateral Agreement.
 
4.7            Investment Accounts .
 
(a)           Schedule 2 sets forth under the headings “Securities Accounts” and “Commodity Accounts”, respectively, all of the Securities Accounts and Commodity Accounts in which such Grantor has an interest.  Except as disclosed to the Administrative Agent, such Grantor is the sole entitlement holder of each such Securities Account and Commodity Account, and such Grantor has not consented to, and is not otherwise aware of, any Person (other than the Administrative Agent) having “control” (within the meanings of Sections 8106 and 9106 of the UCC) over, or any other interest in, any such Securities Account or Commodity Account or any securities or other property credited thereto;
 
(b)            Schedule 2 sets forth under the heading “Deposit Accounts” all of the Deposit Accounts in which such   Grantor has an interest and, except as otherwise disclosed to the Administrative Agent, such   Grantor is the sole account holder of each such Deposit Account and such Grantor has not consented to, and is not otherwise aware of, any Person (other than the Administrative Agent) having either sole dominion and control (within the meaning of common law) or “control” (within the meaning of Section 9104 of the UCC) over, or any other interest in, any such Deposit Account or any money or other property deposited therein; and
 
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(c)           In each case to the extent requested by the Administrative Agent or as otherwise required under the terms of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, such Grantor has taken all actions necessary or desirable to: (i) establish the Administrative Agent’s “control” (within the meanings of Sections 8106 and 9106 of the UCC) over any Certificated Securities (as defined in Section 9102 of the UCC); (ii) establish the Administrative Agent’s “control” (within the meanings of Sections 8106 and 9106 of the UCC) over any portion of the Investment Accounts constituting Securities Accounts, Commodity Accounts, Securities Entitlements or Uncertificated Securities (each as defined in Section 9102 of the UCC); (iii) establish the Administrative Agent’s “control” (within the meaning of Section 9104 of the UCC) over all Deposit Accounts; and (iv) deliver all Instruments (as defined in Section 9102 of the UCC) to the Administrative Agent to the extent required hereunder.
 
4.8           Receivables .   No amount payable to such Grantor under or in connection with any Receivable or other Right to Payment is evidenced by any Instrument (other than checks, drafts or other Instruments that will be promptly deposited in an Investment Account) or Chattel Paper which has not been delivered to the Administrative Agent.  None of the account debtors or other obligors in respect of any Receivable in excess of $100,000 in the aggregate is the government of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
 
4.9            Intellectual Property Schedule 6 lists all registrations and applications for Intellectual Property (including registered Copyrights, Patents, Trademarks and all applications therefor) as well as all Copyright Licenses, Patent Licenses and Trademark Licenses, in each case, owned by such Grantor in its own name on the date hereof (except for inbound licenses of commercial off-the-shelf software with annual fees under $10,000 and non-exclusive outbound licenses entered into in the ordinary course of business).  Except as set forth in Schedule 6 (and subject to the immediately preceding sentence), on the date hereof, none of such Intellectual Property of such Grantor is the subject of any licensing or franchise agreement pursuant to which such Grantor is the licensor or franchisor.
 
4.10         Instruments .  (i) Such Grantor has not previously assigned any interest in any Instruments (including but not limited to the Pledged Notes) held by such Grantor (other than such interests as will be released on or before the date hereof), and (ii) no Person other than such Grantor owns an interest in such Instruments (whether as joint holders, participants or otherwise).
 
4.11           Letter of Credit Rights .  Such Grantor does not have any Letter-of-Credit Rights having a potential value in excess of $100,000 except as set forth in Schedule 7 or as have been notified to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 5.22 .
 
4.12         Commercial Tort Claims .  Such Grantor does not have any Commercial Tort Claims having a potential value in excess of $500,000 except as set forth in Schedule 8 or as have been notified to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 5.21 .
 
SECTION 5.             COVENANTS
 
In addition to the covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement which by their terms the Borrower is required to cause the other Grantors to observe, which covenants are incorporated herein by this reference, each Grantor covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties that, from and after the date of this Agreement until the Discharge of Obligations:
 
5.1          Delivery of Instruments, Certificated Securities and Chattel Paper .  If any amount payable under or in connection with any of the Collateral shall be or become evidenced by any Instrument (other than checks, drafts or other Instruments that will be promptly deposited in an Investment Account), Certificated Security or Chattel Paper evidencing an amount in excess of $100,000, such Instrument, Certificated Security or Chattel Paper shall be promptly delivered to the Administrative Agent, duly indorsed in a manner satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, to be held as Collateral pursuant to this Agreement.
 
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5.2            Maintenance of Insurance .
 
(a)          Such Grantor will maintain, with financially sound and reputable companies, insurance policies (i) insuring all its property in accordance with the requirements set forth at Section 6.6 of the Credit Agreement, (ii) insuring the Inventory and Equipment against loss by fire, explosion, theft and such other casualties as may be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and (iii) insuring such Grantor against liability for personal injury and property damage relating to such Inventory and Equipment, such policies to be in such form and amounts and having such coverage as may be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties.
 
(b)           All such insurance shall (i) provide that no cancellation, material reduction in amount or material change in coverage thereof shall be effective until receipt by the Administrative Agent of written notice thereof, (ii) name the Administrative Agent as an additional insured party or loss payee, (iii) to the extent available on commercially reasonable terms, and if reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, include a breach of warranty clause and (iv) be reasonably satisfactory in all other respects to the Administrative Agent.
 
(c)          The Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a report of a reputable insurance broker with respect to such insurance substantially concurrently with each delivery of the Borrower’s audited annual financial statements pursuant to Section 6.1(a) of the Credit Agreement and such supplemental reports with respect thereto as the Administrative Agent may from time to time reasonably request.
 
If any Grantor fails to obtain insurance as required under this Section 5.2 , to pay any amount or furnish any required proof of payment to third Persons, or if the Administrative Agent receives any notice of termination or cancellation of any such insurance policies or reduction of coverages or amounts thereunder, the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to obtain or renew, as applicable, any such policies, cause the coverages and amounts thereof to be maintained at levels required pursuant to Section 6.6 of the Credit Agreement or otherwise to obtain similar insurance in place of such policies, in each case at the expense of the Grantors.
 
5.3            Maintenance of Perfected Security Interest; Further Documentation .
 
(a)           Such Grantor shall maintain the security interests of the Administrative Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) created by this Agreement as perfected security interests having at least the priority described in Section 4.2 and shall defend such security interests against the claims and demands of all Persons whomsoever, subject to the rights of such Grantor under the Loan Documents to dispose of the Collateral.
 
(b)           Such Grantor will furnish to the Administrative Agent from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the assets and property of such Grantor and such other reports in connection therewith as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail.
 
(c)          At any time and from time to time, upon the written request of the Administrative Agent, and at the sole expense of such Grantor, such Grantor will promptly and duly execute and deliver, and have recorded, such further instruments and documents and take such further actions as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request for the purpose of obtaining or preserving the full benefits of this Agreement and of the rights and powers herein granted, including, without limitation, (i) filing any financing or continuation statements under the Uniform Commercial Code (or other similar laws) in effect in any jurisdiction with respect to the security interests created hereby and (ii) in the case of Investment Property, Investment Accounts, Letter-of-Credit Rights and any other relevant Collateral, taking any actions necessary to enable the Administrative Agent to obtain “control” (within the meaning of the UCC) with respect thereto to the extent required hereunder.
 
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5.4          Changes in Locations, Name, Etc .  Such Grantor will not, except upon 15 days’ (or such shorter period as may be agreed to by the Administrative Agent) prior written notice to the Administrative Agent and delivery to the Administrative Agent of (a) all additional executed financing statements and other documents reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to maintain the validity, perfection and priority of the security interests provided for herein, and (b) if applicable, a written supplement to Schedule 4 showing the relevant new jurisdiction of organization, location of chief executive office or sole place of business, as appropriate:
 
(i)          change its jurisdiction of organization, identification number from the jurisdiction of organization (if any) or the location of its chief executive office or sole place of business, as appropriate, from that referred to in Section 4.3 ;
 
(ii)          change its name; or
 
(iii)         (A) locate any Collateral having an aggregate book value in excess of $250,000 for more than 30 days at any location other than the locations set forth in Section 5 or at such other locations as may be disclosed in writing to the Administrative Agent at least 15 days prior to the location of such Collateral at such new location or remove any such Collateral from such locations (other than in connection with (w) sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of such Grantor’s business, (x) the movement of Collateral as part of such Grantor’s supply chain and in the ordinary course of such Grantor’s business, (y) other dispositions permitted by the provisions of the Credit Agreement and (z) movements of Collateral from one disclosed location to another disclosed location within the United States).
 
5.5           Notices .  Such Grantor will advise the Administrative Agent promptly, in reasonable detail, of:
 
(a)            any Lien (other than Liens permitted under Section 7.3 of the Credit Agreement) on any of the Collateral; and
 
(b)            the occurrence of any other event which could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the aggregate value of the Collateral or on the security interests created hereby.
 
5.6           Instruments; Investment Property .
 
(a)           Upon the request of the Administrative Agent, such Grantor will (i) immediately deliver to the Administrative Agent, or an agent designated by it, appropriately endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of transfer or assignment, all Instruments, Documents, Chattel Paper and certificated securities with respect to any Investment Property held by such Grantor, all letters of credit of such Grantor, and all other Rights to Payment held by such Grantor at any time evidenced by promissory notes, trade acceptances or other instruments, and (ii) provide such notice, obtain such acknowledgments and take all such other action, with respect to any Chattel Paper, Documents and Letter-of-Credit Rights held by such Grantor, as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably specify.
 
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(b)           If such Grantor shall become entitled to receive or shall receive any certificate (including any certificate representing a dividend or a distribution in connection with any reclassification, increase or reduction of capital or any certificate issued in connection with any reorganization), option or rights in respect of the Capital Stock of any Issuer, whether in addition to, in substitution of, as a conversion of, or in exchange for, any Pledged Collateral, or otherwise in respect thereof, such Grantor shall accept the same as the agent of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, hold the same in trust for the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties and deliver the same forthwith to the Administrative Agent in the exact form received, duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent, if required, together with an undated stock power covering such certificate duly executed in blank by such Grantor and with, if the Administrative Agent so requests, signature guaranteed, to be held by the Administrative Agent, subject to the terms hereof, as additional collateral security for the Secured Obligations; provided that in no event shall this Section 5.6(b) apply to any Excluded Assets.  Any sums paid upon or in respect of the Investment Property upon the liquidation or dissolution of any Issuer shall, unless otherwise subject to a perfected security interest in favor of the Administrative Agent, be paid over to the Administrative Agent to be held by it hereunder as additional collateral security for the Secured Obligations, and in case any distribution of capital shall be made on or in respect of the Investment Property or any property shall be distributed upon or with respect to the Investment Property pursuant to the recapitalization or reclassification of the capital of any Issuer or pursuant to the reorganization thereof, the property so distributed shall, unless otherwise subject to a perfected security interest in favor of the Administrative Agent, be delivered to the Administrative Agent to be held by it hereunder as additional collateral security for the Secured Obligations.  If any sums of money or property so paid or distributed in respect of such Investment Property shall be received by such Grantor, such Grantor shall, until such money or property is paid or delivered to the Administrative Agent, unless otherwise subject to a perfected security interest in favor of the Administrative Agent, hold such money or property in trust for the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, segregated from other funds of such Grantor, as additional collateral security for the Secured Obligations.
 
(c)           In the case of any Grantor which is an Issuer, such Issuer agrees that (i) it will be bound by the terms of this Agreement relating to the Capital Stock issued by it and will comply with such terms insofar as such terms are applicable to it, (ii) it will notify the Administrative Agent promptly in writing of the occurrence of any of the events described in Section 5.6(a) and (b) with respect to the Pledged Collateral issued by it and (iii) the terms of Sections 6.3(c) and 6.7 shall apply to it, mutatis mutandis , with respect to all actions that may be required of it pursuant to Section 6.3(c) or 6.7 with respect to the Capital Stock issued by it.
 
5.7           Securities Accounts; Deposit Accounts .
 
(a)           With respect to any Securities Account, such Grantor shall cause any applicable securities intermediary maintaining such Securities Account to show on its books that the Administrative Agent is the entitlement holder with respect to such Securities Account, and, if requested by the Administrative Agent, cause such securities intermediary to enter into a Securities Account Control Agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent pursuant to which such securities intermediary shall agree to comply with the Administrative Agent’s “entitlement orders” without further consent by such Grantor, as requested by the Administrative Agent; and
 
(b)            with respect to any Deposit Account, such Grantor shall enter into and shall cause the depositary institution maintaining such account to enter into a Deposit Account Control Agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent pursuant to which the Administrative Agent shall be granted “control” (within the meaning of Section 9104 of the UCC) over such Deposit Account.
 
(c)          The Administrative Agent agrees that it will only communicate “entitlement orders” with respect to the Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts of the Grantors after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default.
 
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(d)            Such Grantor shall give the Administrative Agent immediate notice of the establishment of any new Deposit Account, and of any new Securities Account established by such Grantor with respect to any Investment Property held by such Grantor.
 
5.8            Intellectual Property .
 
(a)           Such Grantor (either itself or through licensees) will, except as permitted by Section 7.5 of the Credit Agreement, (i) continue to use each material Trademark in a manner sufficient to maintain such material Trademark in full force free from any claim of abandonment for non-use and (ii) not (and not knowingly permit any licensee or sublicensee thereof to) do any act or knowingly omit to do any act whereby any such material Trademark may become invalidated, abandoned or impaired in any way that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect on such Grantor.
 
(b)            Except as permitted by Section 7.5 of the Credit Agreement, such Grantor will not do any act, or omit to do any act, whereby any material Patent could reasonably be expected to become forfeited, abandoned or dedicated to the public, except for any abandonment or dedication to the public of any such issued Patent that such Grantor has determined in good faith is desirable for the conduct of its business.
 
(c)           Except as permitted by Section 7.5 of the Credit Agreement, such Grantor will not (and will not knowingly permit any licensee or sublicensee thereof to) do any act or knowingly omit to do any act whereby any such material Copyrights could reasonably be expected to become invalidated or otherwise materially impaired.  Except as permitted by Section 7.5 of the Credit Agreement, such Grantor will not do any act whereby any material portion of such material Copyrights may fall into the public domain.
 
(d)          Such Grantor (either itself or through licensees) will not do any act that knowingly uses any material Intellectual Property to infringe the Intellectual Property rights of any other Person.
 
(e)            Reserved.
 
(f)           Whenever such Grantor, either by itself or through any agent, employee, licensee or designee, shall file an application for the registration of any Patent or Trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or any similar office or agency in any other country or political subdivision thereof, such Grantor shall report (i) the initial application to and (ii) the corresponding grant, if any, of the Patent or Trademark from the USPTO to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 3.3(d) .  Whenever such Grantor, either by itself or through any agent, employee, licensee or designee, shall file an application for the registration of any Copyright with the USCRO, such Grantor shall report the filing of the initial application to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 3.3(d) .  Upon the reasonable request of the Administrative Agent, other than in respect of intent-to-use trademark or service mark applications, such Grantor shall execute and deliver, and have recorded, any and all agreements, instruments, documents, and papers as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request to evidence the Administrative Agent’s and the other Secured Parties’ security interest in any Copyright, Patent or Trademark and the goodwill and general intangibles of such Grantor relating thereto or represented thereby.
 
(g)      Except as permitted by Section 7.5 of the Credit Agreement, such Grantor will take all reasonable and necessary steps, including, without limitation, in any proceeding before the USPTO, the USCRO or any similar office or agency in any other country or any political subdivision thereof, to maintain each registration of such Grantor’s registered Copyrights, Trademarks and issued Patents, including filing of applications for renewal, affidavits of use and affidavits of incontestability.
 
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(h)        In the event that any material Intellectual Property of a Grantor is infringed, misappropriated or diluted by a third party, such Grantor shall take such actions, if any, as such Grantor shall reasonably deem appropriate under the circumstances to protect such Intellectual Property.
 
5.9           Receivables .  Other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with its past practice, and except as otherwise determined in the good faith business judgment of such Grantor, such Grantor will not (a) grant any extension of the time of payment of any Receivable, (b) compromise or settle any Receivable for less than the full amount thereof, (c) release, wholly or partially, any Person liable for the payment of any Receivable, (d) allow any credit or discount whatsoever on any Receivable or (e) amend, supplement or modify any Receivable in any manner that could adversely affect the value thereof.
 
5.10         Defense of Collateral .  Such Grantor will take such reasonable actions as are necessary to defend any action, suit or proceeding which could reasonably be expected to affect to a material extent its title to, or right or interest in, or the Administrative Agent’s right or interest in, any material portion of the Collateral of such Grantor.
 
5.11         Preservation of Collateral .  Such Grantor will do and perform all reasonable acts that may be necessary and appropriate to maintain, preserve and protect the Collateral of such Grantor in all material respects.
 
5.12          Compliance with Laws, Etc.   Such Grantor will comply with all laws, regulations and ordinances, and all policies of insurance, relating to the possession, operation, maintenance and control of the Collateral of such Grantor, except in such instances in which the failure to comply therewith, either individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
5.13         Location of Books and Chief Executive Office .  Such Grantor will: (a) keep all Books pertaining to the Rights to Payment of such Grantor at the locations set forth in Schedule 4 ; and (b) give at least 15 days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent of any changes in any location where Books pertaining to the Rights to Payment of such Grantor are kept, including any change of name or address of any service bureau, computer or data processing company or other Person preparing or maintaining any such Books or collecting Rights to Payment for such Grantor.
 
5.14         Location of Collateral .  Except as otherwise permitted under the Credit Agreement, such Grantor will:  (a) keep the Collateral held by such Grantor at the locations set forth in Schedule 5 or at such other locations as may be disclosed in writing to the Administrative Agent pursuant to clause (b) and will not remove any such Collateral from such locations (other than in connection with sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of such Grantor’s business, the movement of Collateral as part of such Grantor’s supply chain and in the ordinary course of such Grantor’s business, other Dispositions permitted by Section 7.5 of the Credit Agreement and movements of Collateral from one disclosed location to another disclosed location within the United States), except upon at least 15 days’ prior written notice of any removal to the Administrative Agent; and (b) give the Administrative Agent at least 15 days’ prior written notice of any change in the locations set forth in Schedule 5 .
 
5.15          Maintenance of Records .  Such Grantor will keep separate, accurate and complete Books with respect to Collateral held by such Grantor, disclosing the Administrative Agent’s security interest hereunder.
 
5.16         Disposition of Collateral .  Such Grantor will not surrender or lose possession of (other than to the Administrative Agent), sell, lease, rent, or otherwise dispose of or transfer any of the Collateral held by such Grantor or any right or interest therein, except to the extent permitted by the Loan Documents.
 
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5.17         Liens .  Such Grantor will keep the Collateral held by such Grantor free of all Liens except Liens permitted under Section 7.3 of the Credit Agreement.
 
5.18         Expenses .  Such Grantor will pay all expenses of protecting, storing, warehousing, insuring, handling and shipping the Collateral held by such Grantor, to the extent the failure to pay any such expenses could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the value of the Collateral.
 
5.19          Leased Premises ; Collateral Held by Warehouseman, Bailee, Etc.   Such Grantor will use commercially reasonable efforts to satisfy the affirmative covenant of the Borrower set forth in Section 6.12(d) of the Credit Agreement, which covenant by its terms the Borrower is required to cause such Grantor to comply with.
 
5.20        Chattel Paper .  Such Grantor will not create any Chattel Paper without placing a legend on such Chattel Paper acceptable to the Administrative Agent indicating that the Administrative Agent has a security interest in such Chattel Paper.  Such Grantor will give the Administrative Agent immediate notice if such Grantor at any time holds or acquires an interest in any Chattel Paper, including any Electronic Chattel Paper and shall comply, in all respects, with the provisions of Section 5.1 hereof.
 
5.21          Commercial Tort Claims .  Such Grantor will give the Administrative Agent prompt notice if such Grantor shall at any time hold or acquire any Commercial Tort Claim with a potential value in excess of $500,000.
 
5.22         Letter-of-Credit Rights .  Such Grantor will give the Administrative Agent prompt notice if such Grantor shall at any time hold or acquire any Letter-of-Credit Rights with a potential value in excess of $100,000.
 
5.23          Shareholder Agreements and Other Agreements .
 
(a)           Such Grantor shall comply with all of its obligations under any shareholders agreement, operating agreement, partnership agreement, voting trust, proxy agreement or other agreement or understanding (collectively, the “ Pledged Collateral Agreements ”) to which it is a party and shall enforce all of its rights thereunder, except, with respect to any such Pledged Collateral Agreement relating to any Pledged Collateral issued by a Person other than a Subsidiary of a Grantor, to the extent the failure to enforce any such rights could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the value of the Pledged Collateral to which any such Pledged Collateral Agreement relates.
 
(b)           Such Grantor agrees that no Pledged Stock (i) shall be dealt in or traded on any securities exchange or in any securities market, (ii) shall constitute an investment company security, or (iii) shall be held by such Grantor in a Securities Account.
 
(c)           Subject to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement, including Sections 7.3 and 7.5 thereof, such Grantor shall not vote to enable or take any other action to:  (i) amend or terminate, or waive compliance with any of the terms of, any such Pledged Collateral Agreement, certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents in any way that materially and adversely affects the validity, perfection or priority of the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein or in the other Collateral or that otherwise materially impairs the interests of the Secured Parties.
 
SECTION 6.             REMEDIAL PROVISIONS
 
Each Grantor covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties that, from and after the date of this Agreement until the Discharge of Obligations:
 
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6.1            Certain Matters Relating to Receivables .
 
(a)            The Administrative Agent hereby authorizes each Grantor to collect such Grantor’s Receivables, and the Administrative Agent may curtail or terminate said authority at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default.  If required by the Administrative Agent at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, any payments of Receivables, when collected by any Grantor, (i) shall be forthwith (and, in any event, within two Business Days) deposited by such Grantor in the exact form received, duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent if required, in a Collateral Account over which the Administrative Agent has control, subject to withdrawal by the Administrative Agent for the account of the Secured Parties only as provided in Section 6.5 , and (ii) until so turned over, shall be held by such Grantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, segregated from other funds of such Grantor.  At the Administrative Agent’s request after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each such deposit of Proceeds of Receivables shall be accompanied by a report identifying in reasonable detail the nature and source of the payments included in the deposit.
 
(b)          At the Administrative Agent’s request, after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each Grantor shall deliver to the Administrative Agent all original and other documents evidencing, and relating to, the agreements and transactions which gave rise to the Receivables, including, without limitation, all original orders, invoices and shipping receipts.
 
6.2            Communications with Obligors; Grantors Remain Liable .
 
(a)           The Administrative Agent in its own name or in the name of others may at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default communicate with obligors under the Receivables to verify with them to the Administrative Agent’s satisfaction the existence, amount and terms of any Receivables.
 
(b)            Upon the request of the Administrative Agent, at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each Grantor shall notify obligors on the Receivables that the Receivables have been assigned to the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties and that payments in respect thereof shall be made directly to the Administrative Agent.
 
(c)           Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, each Grantor shall remain liable under each of the Receivables to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by it thereunder, all in accordance with the terms of any agreement giving rise thereto.  Neither the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party shall have any obligation or liability under any Receivable (or any agreement giving rise thereto) by reason of or arising out of this Agreement or the receipt by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of any payment relating thereto, nor shall the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party be obligated in any manner to perform any of the obligations of any Grantor under or pursuant to any Receivable (or any agreement giving rise thereto), to make any payment, to make any inquiry as to the nature or the sufficiency of any payment received by it or as to the sufficiency of any performance by any party thereunder, to present or file any claim, to take any action to enforce any performance or to collect the payment of any amounts which may have been assigned to it or to which it may be entitled at any time or times.
 
6.3            Investment Property .
 
(a)           Unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and the Administrative Agent shall have given written notice to the relevant Grantor of the Administrative Agent’s intent to exercise its corresponding rights pursuant to Section 6.3(b) , each Grantor shall be permitted to receive all cash dividends paid in respect of the Pledged Collateral and all payments made in respect of the Pledged Notes to the extent not prohibited by the Credit Agreement, and to exercise all voting and corporate or other organizational rights with respect to the Investment Property of such Grantor; provided , however , that no vote shall be cast or corporate or other organizational right exercised or other action taken which, in the Administrative Agent’s reasonable discretion, would materially impair the Collateral or which would be inconsistent with or result in any violation of any provision of the Credit Agreement, this Agreement or any other Loan Document.
 
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(b)            If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing and the Administrative Agent shall give notice of its intent to exercise such rights to the relevant Grantor or Grantors, (i) the Administrative Agent shall have the right (A) to receive any and all cash dividends, payments or other Proceeds paid in respect of the Investment Property (including the Pledged Collateral) of any or all of the Grantors and make application thereof to the Secured Obligations in the order set forth in Section 6.5 , and (B) to exchange uncertificated Pledged Collateral for certificated Pledged Collateral and to exchange certificated Pledged Collateral for certificates of larger or smaller denominations, for any purpose consistent with this Agreement (in each case to the extent such exchanges are permitted under the applicable Pledged Collateral Agreements or otherwise agreed upon by the Issuer of such Pledged Collateral), and (ii) any and all of such Investment Property shall be registered in the name of the Administrative Agent or its nominee, and the Administrative Agent or its nominee may thereafter exercise (x) all voting, corporate and other rights pertaining to such Investment Property at any meeting of shareholders of the relevant Issuer or Issuers or otherwise and (y) any and all rights of conversion, exchange and subscription and any other rights, privileges or options pertaining to such Investment Property as if it were the absolute owner thereof (including, without limitation, the right to exchange at its discretion any and all of any such Investment Property upon the merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization or other fundamental change in the corporate or other organizational structure of any Issuer, or upon the exercise by any Grantor or the Administrative Agent of any right, privilege or option pertaining to such Investment Property, and in connection therewith, the right to deposit and deliver any and all of such Investment Property with any committee, depositary, transfer agent, registrar or other designated agency upon such terms and conditions as the Administrative Agent may determine), all without liability except to account for property actually received by it, but the Administrative Agent shall have no duty to any Grantor to exercise any such right, privilege or option and shall not be responsible for any failure to do so or delay in so doing.
 
(c)           Each Grantor hereby authorizes and instructs each Issuer of any Pledged Collateral or Pledged Notes pledged by such Grantor hereunder to (i) comply with any instruction received by it from the Administrative Agent in writing that (x) states that an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and (y) is otherwise in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, without any other or further instructions from such Grantor, and each Grantor agrees that each Issuer shall be fully protected in so complying, and (ii) unless otherwise expressly permitted hereby, pay any dividends or other payments with respect to the Pledged Collateral or, as applicable, the Pledged Notes directly to the Administrative Agent.
 
(d)           If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Administrative Agent shall have the right to apply the balance from any Deposit Account of any Grantor, or instruct the bank at which any such Deposit Account is maintained to pay the balance of any such Deposit Account to or for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, to be applied to the Obligations in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents.
 
6.4           Proceeds to be Turned Over To Administrative Agent .  In addition to the rights of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties specified in Section 6.1 with respect to payments of Receivables, if an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, all Proceeds received by any Grantor consisting of cash, checks, Cash Equivalents and other near-cash items shall be held by such Grantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, segregated from other funds of such Grantor, and shall, forthwith upon receipt by such Grantor, be turned over to the Administrative Agent in the exact form received by such Grantor (duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent, if required).  All Proceeds received by the Administrative Agent hereunder shall be held by the Administrative Agent in a Collateral Account over which it maintains control, within the meaning of the UCC.  All Proceeds while held by the Administrative Agent in a Collateral Account (or by such Grantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties) shall continue to be held as collateral security for all the Secured Obligations and shall not constitute payment thereof until applied as provided in Section 6.5 .
 
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6.5          Application of Proceeds .  If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, at any time at the Administrative Agent’s election, the Administrative Agent may apply all or any part of Proceeds constituting Collateral, whether or not held in any Collateral Account, in payment of the Secured Obligations in accordance with Section 8.3 of the Credit Agreement.
 
6.6           Code and Other Remedies .  If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, may exercise, in addition to all other rights and remedies granted to them in this Agreement and in any other instrument or agreement securing, evidencing or relating to the Secured Obligations, all rights and remedies of a secured party under the UCC or any other applicable law or in equity.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent, without demand of performance or other demand, presentment, protest, advertisement or notice of any kind (except any notice required by law) to or upon any Grantor or any other Person (all and each of which demands, defenses, advertisements and notices are hereby waived), may in such circumstances forthwith collect, receive, appropriate and realize upon the Collateral, or any part thereof, and/or may forthwith sell, lease, assign, give option or options to purchase, or otherwise dispose of and deliver the Collateral or any part thereof (or contract to do any of the foregoing), in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales, at any exchange, broker’s board or office of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party or elsewhere upon such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable and at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk.  The Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party shall have the right upon any such public sale or sales, and, to the extent permitted by law, upon any such private sale or sales, to purchase the whole or any part of the Collateral so sold, free of any right or equity of redemption in any Grantor, which right or equity is hereby waived and released.  Each Grantor further agrees, at the Administrative Agent’s request during the existence of an Event of Default, to assemble the Collateral and make it available to the Administrative Agent at places which the Administrative Agent shall reasonably select, whether at such Grantor’s premises or elsewhere.  The Administrative Agent shall apply the net proceeds of any action taken by it pursuant to this Section 6.6 , in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.5 , only after deducting all reasonable costs and expenses of every kind incurred in connection therewith or incidental to the care or safekeeping of any of the Collateral or in any way relating to the Collateral or the rights of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties hereunder, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements, to the payment in whole or in part of the Secured Obligations, in such order as is contemplated by Section 8.3 of the Credit Agreement, and only after such application and after the payment by the Administrative Agent of any other amount required by any provision of law, including Section 9615(a)(3) of the UCC, but only to the extent of the surplus, if any, owing to any Grantor.  To the extent permitted by applicable law, each Grantor waives all claims, damages and demands it may acquire against the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party arising out of the exercise by any of them of any rights hereunder, except to the extent caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Administrative Agent or such Secured Party or their respective agents.  If any notice of a proposed sale or other disposition of Collateral shall be required by law, such notice shall be deemed reasonable and proper if given at least 10 days before such sale or other disposition.
 
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6.7            Registration Rights .
 
(a)          If the Administrative Agent shall determine to exercise its right to sell any or all of the Pledged Stock pursuant to Section 6.6 , and if in the opinion of the Administrative Agent it is necessary or advisable to have the Pledged Stock, or that portion thereof to be sold, registered under the provisions of the Securities Act, the relevant Grantor will cause the Issuer thereof to (i) execute and deliver, and cause the directors and officers of such Issuer to execute and deliver, all such instruments and documents, and do or cause to be done all such other acts as may be, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, necessary or advisable to register the Pledged Stock, or that portion thereof to be sold, under the provisions of the Securities Act, (ii) use its best efforts to cause the registration statement relating thereto to become effective and to remain effective for a period of one year from the date of the first public offering of the Pledged Stock, or that portion thereof to be sold, and (iii) make all amendments thereto and/or to the related prospectus which, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, are necessary or advisable, all in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable thereto.  Each Grantor agrees to cause such Issuer to comply with the provisions of the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of any and all jurisdictions which the Administrative Agent shall designate and to make available to its security holders, as soon as practicable, an earnings statement (which need not be audited) which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act.
 
(b)          Each Grantor recognizes that the Administrative Agent may be unable to effect a public sale of any or all the Pledged Stock, by reason of certain prohibitions contained in the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws or otherwise, and may be compelled to resort to one or more private sales thereof to a restricted group of purchasers which will be obliged to agree, among other things, to acquire such securities for their own account for investment and not with a view to the distribution or resale thereof.  Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that any such private sale may result in prices and other terms less favorable than if such sale were a public sale and, notwithstanding such circumstances, agrees that any such private sale shall be deemed to have been made in a commercially reasonable manner.  Subject to its compliance with state securities laws applicable to private sales. the Administrative Agent shall be under no obligation to delay a sale of any of the Pledged Stock for the period of time necessary to permit the Issuer thereof to register such securities for public sale under the Securities Act, or under applicable state securities laws, even if such Issuer would agree to do so.
 
(c)           Each Grantor agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to do or cause to be done all such other acts as may be necessary to make such sale or sales of all or any portion of the Pledged Stock pursuant to this Section 6.7 valid and binding and in compliance with any applicable Requirement of Law.  Each Grantor further agrees that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 6.7 will cause irreparable injury to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, that the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties have no adequate remedy at law in respect of such breach and, as a consequence, that each and every covenant contained in this Section 6.7 shall be specifically enforceable against such Grantor, and such Grantor hereby waives and agrees not to assert any defenses against an action for specific performance of such covenants except for a defense that no Event of Default has occurred under the Credit Agreement.
 
6.8           Intellectual Property License .  Solely for the purpose of enabling the Administrative Agent to exercise rights and remedies under this Section 6 and at such time as the Administrative Agent shall be lawfully entitled to exercise such rights and remedies, each Grantor hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, an irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide license (exercisable without payment of royalty or other compensation to such Grantor), subject, in the case of Trademarks, to sufficient rights to quality control and inspection in favor of such Grantor to avoid the risk of invalidation of said Trademarks, to use, operate under, license, or sublicense any Intellectual Property now owned or here­after acquired by the Grantors (subject, in the case of Trademark Licenses, Copyright Licenses and Patent Licenses, to the terms of any applicable license agreement).
 
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6.9            Deficiency .  Each Grantor shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or other disposition of the Collateral are insufficient to pay its Secured Obligations and the fees and disbursements of any attorneys employed by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party to collect such deficiency, in each case until the Discharge of Obligations.
 
SECTION 7.             THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
 
Each Grantor covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties that:
 
7.1           Administrative Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact, etc.
 
(a)           Each Grantor hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Administrative Agent and any officer or agent thereof, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in the place and stead of such Grantor and in the name of such Grantor or in its own name, for the purpose of carrying out the terms of this Agreement, to take any and all appropriate action and to execute any and all documents and instruments which may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor hereby gives the Administrative Agent the power and right, on behalf of such Grantor, without notice to or assent by such Grantor, to do any or all of the following:
 
(i)           in the name of such Grantor or its own name, or otherwise, take possession of and indorse and collect any checks, drafts, notes, acceptances or other instruments for the payment of moneys due under any Receivable or with respect to any other Collateral and file any claim or take any other action or proceeding in any court of law or equity or otherwise deemed appropriate by the Administrative Agent for the purpose of collecting any and all such moneys due under any Receivable or with respect to any other Collateral whenever payable;
 
(ii)          i n the case of any Intellectual Property, execute and deliver, and have recorded, any and all agreements, instruments, documents and papers as the Administrative Agent may request to evidence the Administrative Agent’s and the other Secured Parties’ security interest in such Intellectual Property and the goodwill and general intangibles of such Grantor relating thereto or represented thereby;
 
(iii)         pay or discharge taxes and Liens levied or placed on or threatened against the Collateral, effect any repairs or any insurance called for by the terms of this Agreement and pay all or any part of the premiums therefor and the costs thereof;
 
(iv)        execute, in connection with any sale provided for in Section 6.6 or 6.7 , any endorsements, assignments or other instruments of conveyance or transfer with respect to the Collateral; and
 
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(v)         (A) direct any party liable for any payment under any of the Collateral to make payment of any and all moneys due or to become due thereunder directly to the Administrative Agent or as the Administrative Agent shall direct; (B) ask or demand for, collect, and receive payment of and receipt for, any and all moneys, claims and other amounts due or to become due at any time in respect of or arising out of any Collateral; (C) sign and indorse any invoices, freight or express bills, bills of lading, storage or warehouse receipts, drafts against debtors, assignments, verifications, notices and other documents in connection with any of the Collateral; (D) commence and prosecute any suits, actions or proceedings at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect the Collateral or any portion thereof and to enforce any other right in respect of any Collateral; (E) defend any suit, action or proceeding brought against such Grantor with respect to any Collateral; (F) settle, compromise or adjust any such suit, action or proceeding and, in connection therewith, give such discharges or releases as the Administrative Agent may deem appropriate; (G) assign any Copyright, Patent or Trademark (along with the goodwill of the business to which any such Copyright, Patent or Trademark pertains), throughout the world for such term or terms, on such conditions, and in such manner, as the Administrative Agent shall in its sole discretion determine; and (H) generally, sell, transfer, pledge and make any agreement with respect to or otherwise deal with any of the Collateral as fully and completely as though the Administrative Agent were the absolute owner thereof for all purposes, and do, at the Administrative Agent’s option and such Grantor’s expense, at any time, or from time to time, all acts and things which the Administrative Agent deems necessary to protect, preserve or realize upon the Collateral and the Administrative Agent’s and the other Secured Parties’ security interests therein and to effect the intent of this Agreement, all as fully and effectively as such Grantor might do.
 
Anything in this Section 7.1(a) to the contrary notwithstanding, the Administrative Agent agrees that it will not exercise any rights under the power of attorney provided for in this Section 7.1(a) unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
 
(b)           If any Grantor fails to perform or comply with any of its agreements contained herein, the Administrative Agent, at its option, but without any obligation so to do, may perform or comply, or otherwise cause performance or compliance, with such agreement.
 
(c)         The expenses of the Administrative Agent incurred in connection with actions undertaken as provided in this Section 7.1 , together with interest thereon at a rate per annum equal to the highest rate per annum at which interest would then be payable on any category of past due ABR Loans under the Credit Agreement, from the date of payment by the Administrative Agent to the date reimbursed by the relevant Grantor, shall be payable by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent on demand.
 
(d)          Each Grantor hereby ratifies all that said attorneys shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.  All powers, authorizations and agencies contained in this Agreement are coupled with an interest and are irrevocable until this Agreement is terminated and the security interests created hereby are released.
 
7.2           Duty of Administrative Agent .  The Administrative Agent’s sole duty with respect to the custody, safekeeping and physical preservation of the Collateral in its possession, under Section 9207 of the UCC or otherwise, shall be to deal with it in the same manner as the Administrative Agent deals with similar property for its own account.  Neither the Administrative Agent, any other Secured Party nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents shall be liable for failure to demand, collect or realize upon any of the Collateral or for any delay in doing so or shall be under any obligation to sell or otherwise dispose of any Collateral upon the request of any Grantor or any other Person or to take any other action whatsoever with regard to the Collateral or any part thereof.  The powers conferred on the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties hereunder are solely to protect the Administrative Agent’s and the other Secured Parties’ interests in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party to exercise any such powers.  The Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties shall be accountable only for amounts that they actually receive as a result of the exercise of such powers, and neither they nor any of their officers, directors, employees or agents shall be responsible to any Grantor for any act or failure to act hereunder, except for their own gross negligence or willful misconduct.
 
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7.3           Authority of Administrative Agent .  Each Grantor acknowledges that the rights and responsibilities of the Administrative Agent under this Agreement with respect to any action taken by the Administrative Agent or the exercise or non-exercise by the Administrative Agent of any option, voting right, request, judgment or other right or remedy provided for herein or resulting or arising out of this Agreement shall, as between the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, be governed by the Credit Agreement and by such other agreements with respect thereto as may exist from time to time among them, but, as between the Administrative Agent and the Grantors, the Administrative Agent shall be conclusively presumed to be acting as agent for the Secured Parties with full and valid authority so to act or refrain from acting, and no Grantor shall be under any obligation, or entitlement, to make any inquiry respecting such authority.
 
SECTION 8.            MISCELLANEOUS
 
8.1          Amendments in Writing .  None of the terms or provisions of this Agreement may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except in accordance with Section 9.1 of the Credit Agreement.
 
8.2           Notices .  All notices, requests and demands to or upon the Administrative Agent or any Grantor hereunder shall be effected in the manner provided for in Section 10.2 of the Credit Agreement; provided that any such notice, request or demand to or upon any Grantor (other than the Borrower) shall be addressed to such Guarantor at its notice address set forth on Schedule 1 (as the same may be updated from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof).
 
8.3           No Waiver by Course of Conduct; Cumulative Remedies .  Neither the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party shall by any act (except by a written instrument pursuant to Section 8.1 ), delay, indulgence, omission or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right or remedy hereunder or to have acquiesced in any Default or Event of Default, as applicable.  No failure to exercise, nor any delay in exercising, on the part of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof.  No single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.  A waiver by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy which the Administrative Agent or such other Secured Party would otherwise have on any future occasion.  The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative, may be exercised singly or concurrently and are not exclusive of any other rights or remedies provided by law.
 
8.4            Enforcement Expenses; Indemnification .
 
(a)         Costs and Expenses .  The Grantors shall pay (i) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates (including the reasonable and documented fees, charges and disbursements of counsel for the Administrative Agent) in connection with the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Security Documents, or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated by the Credit Agreement shall be consummated), and (ii) all documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent or any Lender (including the documented fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for the Administrative Agent or any Lender) in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights in connection with this Agreement and the other Security Documents, including its rights under this Section.
 
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(b)           Indemnification by the Grantors .  The Grantors shall indemnify each Indemnitee against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee), and shall indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnitee from all fees and time charges and disbursements for attorneys who may be employees of any Indemnitee, incurred by any Indemnitee or asserted against any Indemnitee by such Grantor arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any other Security Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or (ii) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by such Grantor or any other Loan Party, and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or (y) result from a claim brought by such Grantor or any other Loan Party against an Indemnitee for breach in bad faith of such Indemnitee's obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, if such Grantor or such Loan Party has obtained a final and nonappealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.
 
(c)          Waiver of Consequential Damages, Etc .  To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no Grantor shall assert, and each Grantor hereby waives, any claim such Grantor may at any time have against any Indemnitee, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.  No Indemnitee referred to in paragraph (b) above shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed by it through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement, any other Loan Document or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
 
(d)           Taxes .  The Grantors agree to pay, and to save the Administrative Agent and each other Secured Party harmless from, any and all liabilities with respect to, or resulting from any delay in paying, any and all stamp, excise, sales or other taxes (including any withholding taxes) which may be payable or determined to be payable with respect to any of the Collateral or in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 
(e)           Reserved .
 
(f)             Payments .  All amounts due under this Section 8.4 shall be payable promptly after demand therefor.
 
(g)           Survival .  The agreements in this Section 8.4 shall survive the Discharge of Obligations.
 
8.5           Successors and Assigns .  This Agreement shall be binding upon the successors and assigns of each party hereto and shall inure to the benefit of each party hereto (including the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Secured Parties) and their respective successors and assigns; provided that no Grantor may assign, transfer or delegate any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent.
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8.6            Set Off .  Each Grantor hereby irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent and each other Secured Party and any Affiliate thereof at any time and from time to time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, without notice to such Grantor or any other Grantor, any such notice being expressly waived by each Grantor, to setoff and appropriate and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final), in any currency, and any other credits, indebtedness or claims, in any currency, in each case whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, at any time held or owing by the Administrative Agent or such Secured Party or such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of such Grantor, or any part thereof in such amounts as the Administrative Agent or such Secured Party may elect, against and on account of the Secured Obligations and liabilities of such Grantor then due to the Administrative Agent or such Secured Party hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and claims of every nature and description of the Administrative Agent or such Secured Party against such Grantor, in any currency, whether arising hereunder, under the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Document or otherwise, as the Administrative Agent or such Secured Party may elect, whether or not the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party has made any demand for payment and although such obligations, liabilities and claims may be contingent or unmatured.  The rights of the Administrative Agent and each other Secured Party under this Section 8.6 are in addition to other rights and remedies (including, without limitation, other rights of setoff) which the Administrative Agent or such other Secured Party may have.
 
8.7           Counterparts .  This Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties to this Agreement on any number of separate counterparts (including by facsimile and/or electronic mail), and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.
 
8.8           Severability .  Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.
 
8.9          Section Headings .  The Section headings used in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to affect the construction hereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation hereof.
 
8.10          Integration .  This Agreement and the other Loan Documents represent the agreement of the Grantors, the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party relative to subject matter hereof and thereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or in the other Loan Documents.
 
8.11       GOVERNING LAW; Submission to Jurisdiction; Jury Trial Waiver .  THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.  THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 10.14 OF THE CREDIT AGREEMENT REGARDING SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION AND JURY TRIAL WAIVER SHALL BE APPLICABLE TO THIS AGREEMENT AND ARE HEREBY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, MUTATIS MUTANDIS , AS IF SUCH PROVISIONS WERE FULLY SET FORTH HEREIN.
 
8.12         Acknowledgements .  Each Grantor hereby acknowledges that:
 
(a)           it has been advised by counsel in the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party;
 
(b)           neither the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party has any fiduciary relationship with or duty to any Grantor arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between the Grantors, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor; and
 
30

(c)       no joint venture is created hereby or by the other Loan Documents or otherwise exists by virtue of the transactions contemplated hereby among any of the Secured Parties or among the Grantors and any of the Secured Parties.
 
8.13         Additional Grantors .  Each Material Domestic Subsidiary of a Grantor that is required to become a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 6.12 of the Credit Agreement shall become a Grantor for all purposes of this Agreement upon execution and delivery by such Subsidiary of an Assumption Agreement in the form of Annex 1 hereto, and such Grantor shall cause such Material Domestic Subsidiary to execute and deliver such Assumption Agreement in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. .
 
8.14       Releases .
 
(a)       Upon the Discharge of Obligations, the Collateral shall be released from the Liens in favor of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties created hereby, this Agreement shall terminate with respect to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties, and all obligations (other than those expressly stated to survive such termination) of each Grantor to the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party hereunder shall terminate, all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any party.  At the sole expense of any Grantor following any such termination, the Administrative Agent promptly shall deliver such documents as such Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination.
 
(b)      If any of the Collateral shall be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by any Grantor in a transaction permitted by Section 7 of the Credit Agreement, then the Administrative Agent, at the request and sole expense of such Grantor, shall promptly execute and deliver to such Grantor all releases or other documents reasonably necessary or desirable for the release of the Liens created hereby on such Collateral, as applicable.  At the request and sole expense of the Borrower, a Guarantor shall be released from its obligations hereunder in the event that all the Capital Stock of such Guarantor shall be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of to a Person other than a Grantor in a transaction permitted by Section 7 of the Credit Agreement; provided that the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent, at least ten days, or such shorter period as the Administrative Agent may agree, prior to the date of the proposed release, a written request for release identifying the relevant Guarantor and the terms of the sale or other disposition in reasonable detail, including the price thereof and any expenses in connection therewith, together with a certification by the Borrower stating that such transaction is in compliance with terms and provisions of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
 
8.15       Survival .     All covenants, representations and warranties made in this Agreement shall continue in full force until this Agreement has terminated pursuant to its terms and all Secured Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations and any other obligations which, by their terms, are to survive the termination of this Agreement) have been paid in full and satisfied.  The grant of the Liens by the Grantors in Section 3.1 shall survive the termination of all Bank Services Agreements.
 
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31

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has caused this Guarantee and Collateral Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first above written.

 
GRANTORS:
 
 
SHORETEL, INC.
   
 
By:
 
   
 
Name:
 
   
 
Title:
 
   
 
M5 NETWORKS, LLC
   
 
By:
 
   
 
Name:
 
   
 
Title:
 
 
Signature Page 1 to Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement
 

ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT:
 
SILICON VALLEY BANK
 
By:
 
 
Name:
 
 
Title:
 
 
Signature Page 2 to Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement
 

SCHEDULE 1
 
NOTICE ADDRESSES OF GRANTORS
 
 
Grantor
Notice Address
ShoreTel, Inc.
960 Stewart Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
M5 Networks, LLC
960 Stewart Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
 
 
Schedule 1

SCHEDULE 2
 
DESCRIPTION OF INVESTMENT PROPERTY
 
Pledged Stock:
 
Grantor
Issuer
Class of Capital Stock
 
Certificate No.
   
No. of Shares / Units
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
ShoreTel International, Inc.
Common
 
NA
   
1,000
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Agito Networks, Inc.
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
ShoreTel UK Ltd.
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
ShoreTel GmbH
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
ShoreTel Singapore PTE Ltd.
Ordinary
 
1
   
100
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
ShoreTel Australia Pty Ltd
Ordinary
 
1
   
100
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
ShoreTel Canada Limited
Common
 
1
   
100
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
M5 Networks, Inc.
Common
 
1
   
1
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Maguskaart LLC
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Bukad LLC
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Kammat LLC
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Xatt LLC
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
M5 Networks, LLC
M5 Callfinity, Inc.
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
M5 Networks, LLC
M5 Telecom-USA, Inc.
NA
 
NA
   
NA
 
M5 Networks, LLC
M5 Geckotech, Inc.
Common
 
2
   
1,000
 

 Pledged Notes:
 
None.
Schedule 2

Securities Accounts:
 
Grantor
Securities Intermediary
Address
 
Account Number(s)
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Silicon Valley Bank
555 Mission Street, Ste 900
San Francisco, CA  94105
 
19-SV401
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Wells Fargo Bank
525 Market Street, 10th Floor
San Francisco, CA  94105
 
3903065383
 
Commodity Accounts:
 
None.
 
Deposit Accounts:
 
Grantor
Depositary Bank
Address
 
Account Number(s)
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Wells Fargo Checking
PO Box 63020, San Francisco, CA  94163-2798
 
4121749972
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Wells Fargo Checking
PO Box 63020, San Francisco, CA  94163-2798
 
4120960299
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
Silicon Valley Bank
555 Mission Street, Ste 900
San Francisco, CA  94105
 
3300812588
 


Schedule 2

SCHEDULE 3
 
FILINGS AND OTHER ACTIONS
 
REQUIRED TO PERFECT SECURITY INTERESTS
 
1. UCC-3 amendment statement to be filed by the Administrative Agent in the filing office of the Delaware Secretary of State’s Office for the purpose of restating the collateral description contained in the UCC-1 financing statement filed by the Administrative Agent against the Borrower in connection with the Existing Credit Facility.
 
2. UCC-3 amendment statement to be filed by the Administrative Agent in the filing office of the Delaware Secretary of State’s Office for the purpose of restating the collateral description contained in the UCC-1 financing statement filed by the Administrative Agent against M5 Networks, LLC in connection with the Existing Credit Facility.
 
3. Filing of Borrower Patent and Trademark Security Agreement with the USPTO.
 
4.
Filing of the M5 Networks, LLC Patent and Trademark Security Agreement with the USPTO.


Schedule 3

SCHEDULE 4
 
LOCATION OF JURISDICTION OF ORGANIZATION,
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICE AND LOCATION OF BOOKS
 
Grantor
Jurisdiction
of
Organization
 
Organizational
 Identification
Number
 
Location of Chief
 Executive Office
Location of Books
ShoreTel, Inc.
Delaware
 
EIN 77-0443568
 
960 Stewart Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
960 Stewart Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
M5 Networks, LLC
Delaware
 
5102572
 
960 Stewart Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
960 Stewart Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
 
Schedule 4

SCHEDULE 5
 
LOCATIONS OF EQUIPMENT AND INVENTORY
 
Grantor
Address Location
 
ShoreTel, Inc.
960 Stewart Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94085
6500 Riverplace Blvd., Austin, TX
38897 Cherry Street, Newark, CA 94560
300 N. Elizabeth Street, Suite 510c, Chicago, IL 60607
300 State Street, Suite 100, Rochester, NY 14614
1385 Broadway, Suite 700, New York, NY 10018
1649 W. Frankford Rd., Carrolton, TX 75007
350 East Cermack, 5 th Floor, Chicago, IL 60616
17222 Van Karman Ave., Irvine, CA 92614
1250 Broadway, 19 th Floor, New York, NY 10018
 
M5 Networks, LLC
960 Stewart Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94085
 

Schedule 5

SCHEDULE 7
 
LETTER OF CREDIT RIGHTS
 
None.
 

Schedule 7

SCHEDULE 8
 
COMMERCIAL TORT CLAIMS
 
None.
 
 
Schedule 8


Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15(d)-14(a), AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Don Joos, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of ShoreTel, Inc.;
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: February 6, 2015
 
 
/s/ Don H. Joos
 
Don H. Joos
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 


Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15(d)-14(a), AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Michael E. Healy, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of ShoreTel, Inc.;
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: February 6, 2015
 
 
/s/ Michael E. Healy
 
Michael E. Healy
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)
 
 


Exhibit 32.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Don Joos, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ShoreTel, Inc. for the quarter ended December 31, 2014 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of ShoreTel, Inc.
 
Date: February 6, 2015
 
 
By:
/s/ Don H. Joos
 
Name: 
Don H. Joos
 
Title: 
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
This certification accompanies this Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by referenced into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (whether made on or before or after the date of this Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
 
 


Exhibit 32.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Michael E. Healy, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ShoreTel, Inc. for the quarter ended December 31, 2014 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of ShoreTel, Inc.
 
Date: February 6, 2015
 
 
By:
/s/ Michael E. Healy
 
Name: 
Michael E. Healy
 
Title: 
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)
 
This certification accompanies this Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by referenced into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (whether made on or before or after the date of this Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.