AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
Effective June 6, 2019
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1.1. Registered
Office.
The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be at the location provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 1.2. Other Offices.
The corporation shall also have and maintain an office or principal place of business at such place as may be fixed by the Board of Directors, and may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as the
Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDERS
’
MEETINGS
Section 2.1. Place of Meetings.
Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so designated, then at the office of the
corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of these Bylaws.
Section 2.2. Annual Meetings.
(a) The annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other
business as may lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, except that any annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation must be held at least 270
calendar days after the preceding annual meeting of stockholders. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual
meeting of stockholders only: (i) pursuant to the corporation
’
s notice of annual meeting of stockholders or any supplement or amendment thereto; (ii) by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors; or (iii) by any stockholder of the corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in Section 2.2(b) of these Bylaws and at the time of the annual meeting, who is
entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.2. Clause (iii) of this Section 2.2(a) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business before an
annual meeting of stockholders, except for matters properly brought under Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and included in the corporation's notice of meeting.
(b) At an annual meeting of stockholders, only such nominations of persons for the election of directors and such other
business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of Section 2.2(a) of these Bylaws,
the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation even if such matter is already the subject of any notice to the stockholders o
r public announcement from the Board of Directors, and any proposal of business (other than a nomination of persons for election to the board of directors) must be a proper matter for stockholder action under the Delaware General
Corporation Law (“DGCL”
). To be timely, a stockholder
’
s notice must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not
later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year
’
s annual meeting; except that if the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than thirty (30) days prior to or delayed by more than thirty (30) days after the anniversary of the preceding year
’
s annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to
such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is less than 100 days prior to the date of
such annual meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for
the giving of a stockholder
’
s notice as described above. To be in proper form, whether given pursuant to this Section 2.2(b) or Section 2.3(b) of these Bylaws, such
stockholder
’
s notice shall set forth or include:
(i) as to the stockholder giving the notice (the "Proposing Stockholder") and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the nomination or proposal is made (A) the name and address of the Proposing Stockholder, as they appear on the corporation
’
s books, and of such beneficial owner, (B)
the class and number of shares of the corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by the Proposing Stockholder and such beneficial owner, (C) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to such nomination
between or among the Proposing Stockholder and any of its affiliates or associates, and any others (including their names) acting in concert with any of the foregoing, (D) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including
any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the Proposing Stockholder's notice by, or on behalf of, the Proposing Stockholder or
any of its affiliates or associates, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of the Proposing Stockholder or any of its affiliates or
associates with respect to shares of stock of the corporation, (E) a representation that the Proposing Stockholder is a holder of record of shares of the corporation entitled to vote at the meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at
the meeting to nominate the person or persons or present the proposal or proposals specified in the notice, if any, and (F) a representation whether the Proposing Stockholder intends to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of
at least the percentage of the corporation's outstanding capital stock required to carry the proposal, or, in the case of nominations, to approve the nomination, and/or otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of the proposal or
nomination;
(ii) as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (A) all
information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section
14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including such person
’
s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a
nominee and to serving as a director if elected), and (B) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material
relationships, if any, between or among the nominee, on the one hand, and such stockholder and beneficial owners, and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without
limitation all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made, if any, or any affiliate or
associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the "registrant" for the purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such
other information as it may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder's understanding of the independence,
or lack thereof, of such nominee;
(iii) if the notice relates to any business other than a nomination of a director or directors that the stockholder proposes
to bring before the meeting, (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest, if any, in such business of such stockholder and the
beneficial owner on whose behalf the proposal is made and (B) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings, if any, between such
stockholder and beneficial owner and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder; and
(iv) with respect to each nominee for election or reelection to the Board of Directors, a completed and signed
questionnaire, representation and agreement as required by Section 2.2(c) of these Bylaws.
(c) To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the corporation, a person must deliver (in
accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under Section 2.2(b) of these Bylaws) to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the
background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation
and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (i) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any
person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a "Voting Commitment") that has not been disclosed to the corporation or (B) any Voting Commitment that could limit or
interfere with such person's ability to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with such person's fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any
person or entity other than the corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein, and (iii) in such person's
individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the corporation, and will comply with, all applicable laws and all applicable publicly
disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, corporate opportunity, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the corporation.
(d) Notwithstanding anything in the third sentence of Section 2.2(b) of these Bylaws to the contrary, in the event that the
number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the corporation is increased and there is no public announcement naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors made by the
corporation at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year
’
s annual meeting, a stockholder
’
s notice required by this Section 2.2 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the
Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the corporation.
(e) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.2 shall be eligible
to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.2. Except as otherwise provided by law, the
chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made, or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in these
Bylaws and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with these Bylaws, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall not be presented for stockholder action at the meeting and shall be disregarded.
(f) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.2, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable
requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.2;
provided, however,
that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to
clause (iii) of Section 2.2(a) or Section 2.3(b) of these Bylaws. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the
Exchange Act or any successor rule thereto.
(g) For purposes of this Section 2.2
, “public
announcement”
shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Section 2.3. Special Meetings.
(a) Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for any purpose or purposes, only by (i) the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, (ii) the Chief Executive Officer, or (iii) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized
directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for adoption).
(b) At any special meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted or considered as shall have been properly
brought before the special meeting of stockholders (i) pursuant to the corporation
’
s notice of meeting of stockholders or any supplement or amendment thereto; or (ii)
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the corporation
’
s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at
such meeting, by any stockholder of the corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving notice provided for in these Bylaws and at the time of the special meeting who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with
the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.3(b). In the event the corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one (1) or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder may nominate a
person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the corporation
’
s notice of meeting, if the stockholder delivers notice to
the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the
ninetieth (90th) day prior to such meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting is less 100 days prior to the date of such special meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is
first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting, which stockholder notice sets forth all of the information and other items that would have been required in a
notice under Section 2.2(b) of these Bylaws, as well as the questionnaire and representation and agreement specified in Section 2.2(c) of these Bylaws, in each case as if the stockholder (or any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is
made) was proposing to nominate such person or persons (as the case may be) for election as a director at an annual meeting of stockholders. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time
period for the giving of a stockholder
’
s notice as described above.
Section 2.4. Notice of
Meetings.
Except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, such notice to specify the place, date and hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting. Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, signed by the
person entitled to notice thereof, either before or after such meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by his or her attendance thereat in person or by proxy, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of
objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all
respects as if due notice thereof had been given.
Section 2.5. Quorum
.
At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock
entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the chairman of the meeting or by vote of the holders of a
majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until
adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, in all matters other than the election of directors, the
affirmative vote of the majority of votes cast by stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Where a separate vote
by a class or classes or series is required, except where otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or classes or series, present in person or represented
by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter and, except where otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote of the majority
(plurality, in the case of the election of directors) of the votes cast by the holders of shares of such class or classes or series shall be the act of such class or classes or series.
Section 2.6. Adjournment and
Notice of Adjourned Meetings.
Any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time either by the chairman of the meeting or by the vote of a majority of the shares casting votes. When a meeting is
adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any
business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be
given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
Section 2.7. Voting Rights.
Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or by law, every holder of record of shares entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share outstanding in his or her name on the books of
the corporation at the close of business on the record date for such vote. Every person entitled to vote shall have the right to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a proxy granted in accordance with the DGCL. An agent
so appointed need not be a stockholder. No proxy shall be voted after three (3) years from its date of creation unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
Section 2.8. Joint Owners of
Stock.
If shares or other securities having voting power stand of record in the names of two or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety, or otherwise, or if
two or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary is given written notice to the contrary and is furnished with a copy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship
wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect: (a) if only one votes, his or her act binds all; (b) if more than one votes, the act of the majority so voting binds all; (c) if more than one votes,
but the vote is evenly split on any particular matter, each faction may vote the securities in question proportionally, or may apply to the Delaware Court of Chancery for relief as provided in Section 217(b) of the DGCL. If the instrument filed
with the Secretary shows that any such tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority or even-split for the purpose of subsection (c) shall be a majority or even-split in interest.
Section 2.9. List of
Stockholders.
The Secretary shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address
of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at
least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The
list shall be produced (or available by means of a visual display) and kept at the time and place of meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
Section 2.10. No Action
Without Meeting.
No action that is required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the corporation at any annual or special
meeting of stockholders may be effected by written consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting.
Section 2.11. Organization.
(a) At every meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or
is absent, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President, or, if none of such officers is available to so act, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or
by proxy, shall act as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary, or, in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the chairman of the meeting, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
(b) The Board of Directors shall be entitled to make such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of meetings of
stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules, regulations and procedures of the Board of Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules,
regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business
for the meeting, rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation and their duly authorized and constituted
proxies and such other persons as the chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the
opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held
in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 3.1. Number and Term
of Office.
The authorized number of directors of the corporation shall be not less than five (5) nor more than nine (9), the specific number to be set by resolution of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be stockholders. If for
any cause, the directors shall not have been elected at an annual meeting, they may be elected as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose in the manner provided in these Bylaws.
Section 3.2. Powers.
The powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its business conducted and its property controlled by the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 3.3. Classes of
Directors.
Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the directors shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible,
designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. At the first annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption and filing of the Certificate of Incorporation providing for a classified Board of Directors, the term of office of
the Class III directors shall expire and Class III directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the second annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption and filing of the Certificate of Incorporation providing for a
classified Board of Directors, the term of office of the Class I directors shall expire and Class I directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the third annual meeting of stockholders following the adoption and filing of the
Certificate of Incorporation providing for a classified Board of Directors, the term of office of the Class II directors shall expire and Class II directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At each succeeding annual meeting of
stockholders, directors shall be elected for a full term of three years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at such annual meeting.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, each director shall serve until his or her successor is duly
elected and qualified or until his or her death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
Section 3.4. Vacancies.
(a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock, any vacancies on the Board of Directors
resulting from death, resignation or removal of a director or directors and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, unless the Board of Directors determines by resolution that any such
vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board
of Directors, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director whose death, resignation or removal created the vacancy or for the
term of any newly created directorship and in each case until such director
’
s successor shall have been elected and qualified or until such director
’
s death, resignation or removal.
(b) If at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute
less than a majority of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Delaware Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the total number of the
shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office as
aforesaid, which election shall be governed by Section 211 of the DGCL.
Section 3.5. Resignation.
Any director may resign at any time by delivering his or her written resignation to the Secretary, such resignation to specify whether it will be effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the pleasure of the Board of
Directors. If no such specification is made, it shall be deemed effective at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one (1) or more directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the
directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall
hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacated and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.
Section 3.6. Removal.
Neither the Board of Directors nor any individual director may be removed without cause. Subject to any limitation imposed by law, any individual director or directors may be removed with cause by the holders of a majority of the voting power of
the corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors.
Section 3.7. Meetings.
(a)
Annual Meetings.
The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately before or after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the place where such meeting is held. No notice of an annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary
and such meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may lawfully come before it.
(b)
Regular Meetings.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time or date and at any place within or without the State of Delaware which has been designated by the Board of
Directors and publicized among all directors.
(c)
Special Meetings.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee designated by the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place within or without the State of Delaware whenever
called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any director.
(d)
Telephone Meetings.
Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other,
and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
(e)
Notice of Meetings.
Notice of the time and place of all meetings of the Board of Directors shall be orally or in writing, by telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages, facsimile,
electronic mail or other electronic transmission, during normal business hours, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the date and time of the meeting, or sent in writing to each director by first class mail, charges prepaid, at least three (3)
days before the date of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends the meeting for the express
purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
(f)
Waiver of Notice.
The transaction of all business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be valid as though approved at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum
be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of notice. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.
Section 3.8. Quorum and Voting.
(a) Unless the Certificate of Incorporation requires a greater number and except with respect to indemnification and
advancement questions arising under Article IX hereof, for which a quorum shall be one-third (1/3) of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time in accordance with these Bylaws, a quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a
majority of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors in accordance with these Bylaws;
provided, however,
at
any meeting whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the
meeting.
(b) At each meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, all questions and business shall be determined
by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
Section 3.9. Action Without
Meeting.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting,
if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings
of the Board of Directors or committee. For the purposes of these Bylaws, an "electronic transmission" means any form of communication that does not directly involve the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained
and retrieved by the recipient, and that may be reproduced in paper form by the recipient through an automated process.
Section 3.10. Fees and
Compensation.
Directors shall be entitled to such compensation for their services as may be approved by the Board of Directors. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any
other capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 3.11. Committees.
(a)
Executive Committee.
The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee to consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of Directors. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall
have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation; but the Executive Committee shall not have the power or authority in reference to (i) approving or
adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopting, amending or repealing any bylaw
of the corporation.
(b)
Other Committees.
The Board of Directors may, from time to time, appoint such other committees as may be permitted by law. Such other committees appointed by the Board of Directors shall consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of Directors and shall have
such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the resolution or resolutions creating such committees, but in no event shall any such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these Bylaws.
(c)
Term.
Each member
of a committee of the Board of Directors shall serve a term on the committee coexistent with such member
’
s term on the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors,
subject to any requirements of any outstanding series of preferred stock and the provisions of subsections (a) or (b) of this Section 3.11, may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a committee or terminate the existence of a
committee. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on the date of his or her death or resignation or removal from the committee or from the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may at any time for any reason remove any
committee member and the Board of Directors may fill any committee vacancy created by the death, resignation or removal of a committee member or an increase in the number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one (1)
or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee, the member or members
thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
(d)
Meetings.
Unless
the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed pursuant to this Section 3.11 shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or by
any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of such regular meetings need be given thereafter. Special meetings of any such committee may be held at any place which has been
determined from time to time by such committee, and may be called by any director who is a member of such committee, upon written notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided
for the giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be waived in writing at any time before or after the
meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends such special meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting
is not lawfully called or convened. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is
present shall be the act of such committee.
Section 3.12. Organization.
At every meeting of the directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall preside over the meeting. The Secretary, or in his
or her absence, any Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 4.1. Officers
Designated.
The officers of the corporation shall include, if and when designated by the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents (the number thereof to be determined by the Board of
Directors), a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer and a Treasurer, each of whom shall be elected by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and such other officers
and agents with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers as it shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of the
corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.2. Tenure and Duties of Officers.
(a)
General.
All
officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any
time by the Board of Directors. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors.
(b)
Duties of Chief Executive
Officer.
The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and, subject to the direction and control of the Board of Directors, shall supervise and control all of the assets, business and affairs of the
corporation. In general, the Chief Executive Officer shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.
(c)
Duties of President.
The President shall report to the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or his or her inability to act, the President, if any, shall perform all the duties of the Chief Executive Officer and when so acting shall
have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the Chief Executive Officer. In general, the President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of
Directors or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.
(d)
Duties of Vice
Presidents.
In the absence of the President or his or her inability to act, the Vice Presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors or, if not ranked, a Vice President designated by the Board of Directors,
shall perform all the duties of the President and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President. The Vice Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from
time to time may be respectively prescribed for them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.
(e)
Duties of Secretary.
The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors and shall record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute books of the corporation. The Secretary shall give notice in conformity with these Bylaws
of all meetings of the shareholders and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform all other duties given him or her in these Bylaws and other duties commonly incident to his
or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. The Chief Executive Officer or the President may direct any Assistant Secretary to assume and perform
the duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability of the Secretary, and each Assistant Secretary shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the
Chief Executive Officer or the President shall designate from time to time.
(f)
Duties of Chief Financial
Officer.
The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the corporation in a thorough and proper manner and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the corporation in such form and as
often as required by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the corporation. The
Chief Financial Officer shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President shall designate
from time to time. The Chief Executive Officer and the President may direct the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer to assume and perform the duties of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief Financial Officer.
(g)
Duties of Treasurer.
Subject to the direction and control of the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation; and, at the expiration of his or her term of office, he or she
shall turn over to his or her successor all property of the corporation in his or her possession. The Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Chief Financial Officer may direct any Assistant Treasurer to assume and perform the duties of
the Treasurer in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, and each Assistant Treasurer shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Chief Executive
Officer, the President or the Chief Financial Officer shall designate from time to time.
Section 4.3. Delegation of
Authority.
The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof.
Section 4.4. Resignations.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such
notice is given, unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make
it effective. Any resignation shall be without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract with the resigning officer.
Section 4.5. Removal.
Any officer may be removed from office at any time, either with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors in office at the time, or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at the time, or by any
committee or superior officers upon whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE V
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION
Section 5.1. Execution of
Corporate Instruments.
The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the corporation any corporate instrument or
document or to enter into contracts on behalf of the corporation, except where otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.
All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the credit of the corporation or in special accounts
of the corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do.
Section 5.2. Voting of
Securities Owned by the Corporation.
All stock and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be
executed, by the person authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such authorization, by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President.
ARTICLE VI
SHARES OF STOCK
Section 6.1. Form and
Execution of Certificates.
The shares of the corporation may be represented by certificates or may be uncertificated. Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate
of Incorporation and applicable law. Every registered holder of stock in the corporation represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the corporation by the Chairman of the Board of Directors,
or the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President and by the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by him or her in the corporation. Any or all of the
signatures on the certificate may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. Each certificate shall state upon the face or back thereof, in full or in summary, all
of the powers, designations, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the shares authorized to be issued or shall, except as otherwise required by law, set
forth on the face or back a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional, or other special rights of each class of stock
or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof
a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this section or otherwise required by law or with respect to this section a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to
each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights.
Section 6.2. Lost
Certificates.
A new certificate or certificates shall be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that
fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. The corporation may require, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates, that the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed
certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, agree to indemnify the corporation in such manner as it shall require or to give the corporation a surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any
claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
Section 6.3. Transfers.
Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a properly endorsed certificate or certificates for a like
number of shares. The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of
any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the DGCL.
Section 6.4. Fixing Record Dates.
(a) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of
stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which
record date shall, subject to applicable law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting
is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however,
that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a
record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date
for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
Section 6.5. Registered
Stockholders.
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any
equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE VII
DIVIDENDS
Section 7.1. Declaration of
Dividends.
Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting. Dividends
may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law.
Section 7.2. Dividend Reserve.
Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to
meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interests of the corporation, and the Board of
Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.
ARTICLE VIII
FISCAL YEAR
Section 8.1. Fiscal Year.
The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IX
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 9.1. Nature of
Indemnity
. The corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL and other applicable law, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a pa
rty to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (each, a “proceeding”
), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was or has agreed to
become a director or officer of the corporation, or while serving as a director or officer of the corporation, is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, manager or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against expenses (including attorneys
’
fees),
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection with such proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal proceeding had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful;
provided
that in the case of an action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor (i) such indemnification shall be limited to expenses (including
attorneys
’
fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in the defense or settlement of such action or suit, and (ii) no indemnification shall be made in
respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall
determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of Chancery or such
other court shall deem proper. Notwithstanding the foregoing, but subject to Section 9.5 of these Bylaws, the corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify a director or officer of the corporation in respect of a proceeding (or part thereof)
instituted by such director or officer, unless such proceeding (or part thereof) has been authorized in the specific case by the Board of Directors.
The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of
nolo contendere
or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
Section 9.2. Successful
Defense
. To the extent that a present or former director or officer of the corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any proceeding referred to in Section 9.1 of these Bylaws or in defense of any claim,
issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified by the corporation against expenses (including attorneys
’
fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her
in connection therewith.
Section 9.3. Determination
That Indemnification Is Proper.
Any indemnification of a present or former director or officer of the corporation under Section 9.1 of these Bylaws (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only upon a determination
that indemnification of such person is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 9.1 of these Bylaws. Any such determination shall be made, with respect to a person who is a
director or officer at the time of such determination (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such
directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iv) by the stockholders.
Section 9.4. Advance of
Expenses
. Expenses (including attorneys
’
fees) incurred by a present or former director or officer in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative proceeding shall be paid by the corporation prior to the final disposition of such proceeding upon written request by such person and delivery of an undertaking by such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be
determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation under this Article IX or applicable law;
provided
that the Board
of Directors may not require such director or officer to post any bond or otherwise provide any security for such undertaking. The corporation or, in respect of a present director or officer, the Board of Directors may authorize the corporation
’
s counsel to represent (subject to applicable conflict of interest considerations) such present or former director or officer in any proceeding, whether or not the
corporation is a party to such proceeding.
Section 9.5. Procedure for
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
. Any indemnification of a director or officer of the corporation under Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of these Bylaws, or advance of expenses to such persons under Section 9.4 of these Bylaws, shall be
made promptly, and in any event within 30 days, upon the written request by or on behalf of such person (together with supporting documentation). If a determination by the corporation that such person is entitled to indemnification pursuant to
this Article IX is required, and the corporation fails to respond within 60 days to a written request for indemnity, the corporation shall be deemed to have approved such request. If the corporation denies a written request for indemnity or
advancement of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within 30 days, the right to indemnification or advances as granted by this Article IX shall be enforceable by such person in any court of
competent jurisdiction. Such person
’
s costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or in
part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the corporation. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for the advance of costs, charges and expenses under Section 9.4 of these Bylaws
where the required undertaking, if any, has been received by or tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standard of conduct set forth in Section 9.1 of these Bylaws, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the
corporation. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors or any committee thereof, its independent legal counsel, and its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that
indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 9.1 of these Bylaws, nor the fact that there has been an actual determination by the corporation
(including its Board of Directors or any committee thereof, its independent legal counsel, and its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the
claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
Section 9.6. Contract Right;
Non-Exclusivity; Survival
.
(a)
The rights to indemnification and
advancement of expenses provided by this Article IX shall be deemed to be separate contract rights between the corporation and each director and officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while these provisions as well as the relevant
provisions of the DGCL are in effect and any repeal or modification thereof shall not adversely affect any right or obligation then existing with respect t
o any state of
facts then or previously existing or any proceeding previously or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part upon any such state of facts. Such “contract rights”
may not be modified retroactively as to any present or
former director or officer without the consent of such director or officer.
(b)
The rights to indemnification and
advancement of expenses provided by this Article IX shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a present or former director or officer of the corporation
seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any by‑law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.
(c)
The rights to indemnification and
advancement of expenses provided by this Article IX to any present or former director or officer shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
Section 9.7. Insurance
.
The corporation shall purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was or has agreed to become a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such,
whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of this Article IX,
provided
that such insurance is available on commercially reasonable terms consistent with the then prevailing rates in the insurance market.
Section 9.8. Subrogation
.
In the event of payment under this Article IX, the corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the indemnitee, who shall execute all documents, and do all acts, as the corporation may
reasonably request to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents as the corporation may reasonably request to enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
Section 9.9. Employees and
Agents
. The Board of Directors, or any officer authorized by the Board of Directors generally or in the specific case to make indemnification decisions, may cause the corporation to indemnify any present or former employee or agent of
the Corporation in such manner and for such liabilities as the Board of Directors may determine, up to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL and other applicable law.
Section 9.10. Interpretation,
Severability
. Terms defined in Sections 145(h) or (i) of the DGCL have the meanings set forth in such sections when used in this Article IX. If this Article IX or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of
competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director or officer as to costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys
’
fees),
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or otherwise, including an action by or in the right of the corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by any
applicable portion of this Article IX that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
ARTICLE X
NOTICES TO STOCKHOLDERS
Section 10.1. Notices to Stockholders.
(a)
Notices to Stockholders.
Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any stockholder, it shall be given in writing, timely and duly deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, or sent by overnight delivery service, and
addressed to his or her last known post office address as shown by the stock records of the corporation or its transfer agent.
(b)
Affidavit of Mailing.
An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of the
stockholder or stockholders to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method of giving the same, shall in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained.
(c)
Time Notices Deemed
Given.
All notices given by mail or by overnight delivery service, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been given as at the time of mailing or posting.
(d)
Failure to Receive
Notice.
The period or limitation of time within which any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or benefit, or be required to act, pursuant to any notice sent him or her in the manner above provided, shall
not be affected or extended in any manner by the failure of such stockholder to receive such notice.
(e)
Notice to Person with
Whom Communication is Unlawful.
Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of
such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without
notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate
under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
(f)
Notice to Person with
Undeliverable Address.
Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any stockholder to whom (i) notice of two consecutive annual meetings, and
all notices of meetings or of the taking of action by written consent without a meeting to such person during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (ii) all, and at least two, payments (if sent by first class mail) of
dividends on securities during a twelve-month period, have been mailed addressed to such person at his or her address as shown on the records of the corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such person shall
not be required. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to such person shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such person shall deliver to the corporation a written notice
setting forth his or her then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such person shall be reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision
of the DGCL, the certificate need not state that notice was not given to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to this paragraph.
ARTICLE XI
EXCLUSIVE FORUM
Section 11.1. Exclusive Forum
.
Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a
fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation
’
s stockholders, (c) any action asserting a
claim against the corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws (as any of the same may be amended from time to
time), or (d) any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no
state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware).
ARTICLE XII
AMENDMENT
Section 12.1. Amendment of
Bylaws
. These Bylaws may be altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the combined voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the
corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors. The Board of Directors shall also have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws by a resolution adopted by a majority of the directors.
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