UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019
Or
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ____________________ to ____________________

Commission file number 0-10592

TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York
 
14-1630287
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5 Sarnowski Drive, Glenville, New York 12302
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (518) 377-3311

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
 Trading Symbol(s)
Name of exchange on which registered)
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value
TRST
The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes  No.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes. No.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes. No.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes. No.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer 
Accelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated Filer
Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes.  No.

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 28, 2019, the last business day of the Company’s second fiscal quarter, was $749 million (based upon the closing price of $7.92 on June 28, 2019 as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market).

The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock as of February 24, 2020 was 96,801,657.

Documents Incorporated by Reference: Portions of registrant’s Proxy Statement filed for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end.



Index
INDEX

Description
 
Page
 
 
3
 
 
 
 
PART I
 
 
 
Item 1
3
 
Item 1A
14
 
Item 1B
23
 
Item 2
23
 
Item 3
23
 
Item 4
23
 
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
Item 5
25
 
Item 6
25
 
Item 7
25
 
Item 7A
25
 
Item 8
26
 
Item 9
26
 
Item 9A
26
 
Item 9B
26
 
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
 
Item 10
26
 
Item 11
26
 
Item 12
27
 
Item 13
27
 
Item 14
27
 
 
 
 
PART IV
 
 
 
Item 15
27
 
 
 
 
   
28
       
 
 
32

2

Index
USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has adopted certain rules with respect to the use of non-GAAP financial measures by companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, such as TrustCo Bank Corp NY. GAAP is generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Under the SEC rules, companies making disclosures containing non-GAAP financial measures must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure and a statement of the companys reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure as part of its financial disclosures.

A discussion of certain non-GAAP financial measures, including taxable equivalent net interest income net interest margin and efficiency ratio, used in this report and in the Annual Report to Shareholders, as well as a reconciliation of these measures to the closest comparable GAAP financial measures, is set forth in the Annual Report to Shareholders included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART I

Item 1.
Business

General

TrustCo Bank Corp NY (TrustCo or the Company) is a savings and loan holding company having its principal place of business at 5 Sarnowski Drive, Glenville, New York 12302. TrustCo was incorporated under the laws of New York in 1981 to be the parent holding company of The Schenectady Trust Company, which subsequently was renamed to Trustco Bank New York and, later, to Trustco Bank, National Association. The Companys principal subsidiary, Trustco Bank (also referred to as the Bank), is the successor by merger to Trustco Bank, National Association.

Through policy and practice, TrustCo continues to emphasize that it is an equal opportunity employer. There were 814 full-time equivalent employees of TrustCo at year-end 2019. TrustCo had 11,261 shareholders of record as of December 31, 2019 and the closing price of the TrustCo common stock on that date was $8.67.

Subsidiaries

Trustco Bank

Trustco Bank is a federal savings bank engaged in providing general banking services to individuals, partnerships, and corporations. At year-end 2019, the Bank operated 162 automatic teller machines and 148 banking offices in Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Montgomery, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Rockland, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, Ulster, Warren, Washington and Westchester counties of New York, Brevard, Charlotte, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lake, Manatee, Martin, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Polk, Sarasota, Seminole, and Volusia counties in Florida, Bennington County in Vermont, Berkshire County in Massachusetts and Bergen County in New Jersey. The largest part of such business consists of accepting deposits and making loans and investments. The Bank provides a wide range of both personal and business banking services. The Bank is supervised and regulated by the federal Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Its deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to the extent permitted by law. The Banks subsidiary, Trustco Realty Corp., is a real estate investment trust (or REIT) that was formed to acquire, hold and manage real estate mortgage assets, including residential mortgage loans and mortgage backed securities. The income earned on these assets, net of expenses, is distributed in the form of dividends.  Under current New York State tax law, 60% of the dividends received by the Bank from Trustco Realty Corp. are excluded from total taxable income for New York State income tax purposes. The Bank accounted for substantially all of TrustCos 2019 consolidated net income and average assets.  The Banks other active subsidiaries, Trustco Insurance Agency, Inc. and ORE Property, Inc., did not engage in any significant business activities during 2019 and 2018.

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Trustco Financial Services, the name under which Trustco Banks trust department operates, serves as executor of estates and trustee of personal trusts, provides asset and wealth management services, provides estate planning and related advice, provides custodial services, and acts as trustee for various types of employee benefit plans and corporate pension and profit sharing trusts. The aggregate market value of the assets under trust, custody, or management of the trust department of the Bank was approximately $927.5 million as of December 31, 2019.

The daily operations of the Bank remain the responsibility of its officers, subject to the oversight of its Board of Directors and overall supervision by TrustCo. The activities of the Bank are included in TrustCos consolidated financial statements.

ORE Subsidiary Corp.

In 1993, TrustCo created ORE Subsidiary Corp., a New York corporation, to hold and manage certain foreclosed properties acquired by the Bank. The accounts of this subsidiary are included in TrustCos consolidated financial statements.

Competition

TrustCo faces strong competition in its market areas, both in attracting deposits and making loans. The Companys most direct competition for deposits, historically, has come from commercial banks, savings associations, and credit unions that are located or have branches in the Banks market areas. The competition ranges from other locally based commercial banks, savings banks and credit unions to branch offices of the largest financial institutions in the United States. In its principal market areas, the Capital District area of New York State and Central Florida, TrustCos principal competitors are local branch operations of super-regional banks, branch offices of money center banks, and locally based commercial banks and savings institutions. The Bank is the largest depository institution headquartered in the Capital District area of New York State. The Company also faces competition for deposits from national brokerage houses, short-term money market funds, and other corporate and government securities mutual funds.

Factors affecting the acquisition of deposits include pricing, office locations and hours of operation, the variety of deposit accounts offered, and the quality of customer service provided. While loan demand has moderated over the last several years, competition for loans has remained strong. Commercial banks, savings institutions, traditional mortgage brokers affiliated with local offices and nationally franchised real estate brokers are all active and aggressive competitors. The Company competes in this environment by providing a full range of financial services based on a tradition of financial strength and integrity dating from its inception. The Company competes for loans principally through the interest rates and loan fees it charges and the efficiency and quality of services it provides to borrowers.

Supervision and Regulation

Banking is a highly regulated industry, with numerous federal and state laws and regulations governing the organization and operation of banks and their affiliates. As a savings and loan holding company, TrustCo and its non-bank subsidiaries are supervised and regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board). The OCC is the Banks primary federal regulator and supervises and examines the Bank. Under the Home Owners Loan Act of 1934 and OCC regulations, Trustco Bank must obtain prior OCC approval for acquisitions, and its business operations and activities are restricted. Because the FDIC provides deposit insurance to the Bank, the Bank is also subject to its supervision and regulation even though the FDIC is not the Banks primary federal regulator.

The following summary of laws and regulations applicable to the Company or the Bank is not intended to be a complete description of those laws and regulations or their effects on the Company and the Bank, and it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provisions described.

4

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act) was enacted in July 2010 and created dramatic changes across the financial regulatory system. Implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act required many new rules to be made by various federal regulatory agencies, including TrustCos and the Banks regulatory agencies. The Dodd-Frank Act included provisions that, among other effects, created a new agency, statutorily known as the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (the “BCFP), to centralize responsibility for consumer financial protection and be responsible for implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with major federal consumer financial laws, imposed new consumer protection requirements in mortgage loan transactions and increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance for banks, savings institutions and credit unions to $250,000 per depositor.

In May 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the "Regulatory Relief Act"), was enacted to modify or remove certain financial reform rules and regulations, including some of those implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act. While the Regulatory Relief Act maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion and for large banks with assets of more than $50 billion. Many of these changes could result in meaningful regulatory changes for community banks such as the Bank, and their holding companies.

The Regulatory Relief Act, among other matters, expands the definition of qualified mortgages that may be held by a financial institution and simplifies the regulatory capital rules for financial institutions and their holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion by instructing the federal banking regulators to establish a single "Community Bank Leverage Ratio" of 9 percent. Any qualifying depository institution or its holding company that exceeds the "community bank leverage ratio" will be considered to have met generally applicable leverage and risk-based regulatory capital requirements and any qualifying depository institution that exceeds the new ratio will be considered to be "well capitalized" under the prompt corrective action rules. In addition, the Regulatory Relief Act includes regulatory relief for community banks regarding regulatory examination cycles, call reports, the Volcker Rule (proprietary trading prohibitions), mortgage disclosures and risk weights for certain high-risk commercial real estate loans.

Dividends

Most of TrustCos revenues consist of cash dividends paid to TrustCo by the Bank, payment of which is subject to various regulatory limitations. The payment of dividends by the Bank to TrustCo is subject to continued compliance with minimum regulatory capital requirements, and the receipt of regulatory approval (or non-objection) from the Banks and the Companys regulators.

OCC regulations impose limitations upon all capital distributions by the Bank, including cash dividends. Under the regulations, an application to and the approval of the OCC is required prior to any capital distribution if the institution does not meet the criteria for expedited treatment of applications under OCC regulations (generally, examination ratings in the two top categories), the total capital distributions for the calendar year exceed net income for that year plus the amount of retained net income for the preceding two years, the institution would be undercapitalized following the distribution or the distribution would otherwise be contrary to a statute, regulation or agreement with the OCC. If an application is not required, the institution must still provide prior notice to the OCC and the Federal Reserve Board of the capital distribution if, like the Bank, it is a subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company. The OCC may disapprove a dividend if the institution would be undercapitalized following the distribution, the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns, or the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statue, regulation or agreement between the bank and a regulator or a condition imposed in a previously approved application or notice.

As noted above, a savings institution, such as the Bank, that is a subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company and that proposes to make a capital distribution must also submit written notice to the Federal Reserve Board prior to such distribution, and Federal Reserve Board may object to the distribution based on safety and soundness or other concerns. The Federal Reserve Board may deny a dividend notice if following the dividend, the savings  association will be less than adequately capitalized, the proposed dividend raises safety and soundness concerns or the proposed dividend violates a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation, enforcement action or agreement between the thrift or holding company and an appropriate federal banking agency, a condition imposed on the savings association or holding company in an application or notice approved by an appropriate federal banking agency or any formal or informal enforcement action involving the savings association or holding company.

5

Compliance with regulatory standards regarding capital distributions could also limit the amount of dividends that TrustCo may pay to its shareholders.

See Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements contained in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019 for information concerning the Banks regulatory capital requirements.

Regulatory Capital Requirements and Prompt Corrective Action.

Regulatory Capital Rules. The Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements contained in rules published by the Federal Reserve Board, FDIC and OCC. The rules establish a comprehensive capital framework for all U.S. banking organizations designed to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The rules were effective for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015, with full compliance with all of the final rules requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule. Calendar year 2018 was the final year of implementation of the capital rules and the capital rules were fully phased in effective January 1, 2019.

The capital rules, among other things, provide a Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital measure. CET1 capital is generally defined as common stock instruments that meet the eligibility criteria in the final capital rule (generally, instruments representing the most subordinated claim upon liquidation, having no maturity date and being redeemable via discretionary purchases only with regulatory approval, not being subject to any expectations that the stock will be repurchased, redeemed or cancelled and not being secured by the banking organization or any related entity), retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income and common equity Tier 1 minority interests, subject to certain limitations. Tier 1 capital for the Company and the Bank consists of CET1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital, which generally includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Also under the capital rules, total capital includes Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Institutions that have not exercised the AOCI opt-out have AOCI incorporated into common equity Tier 1 capital (including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale-securities). The Company has made this opt-out election. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.

Under the capital rules, the minimum capital ratios are:

4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets;

6.0% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets;

8.0% Total capital to risk-weighted assets; and

4.0% Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on consolidated financial statements (the leverage ratio).

At December 31, 2019, the Bank had a Tier 1 leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to total average consolidated assets) of 9.94%, CET1 capital ratio (CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets) of  a 18.41% Tier 1 capital ratio (Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets) of 18.41%, and a total capital ratio (total capital to risk-weighted assets) of 19.67%.  Also at December 31, 2019, the Company had a Tier 1 leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to total average consolidated assets) of 10.25% CET1 capital ratio (CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets) of 18.99% a Tier 1 capital ratio (Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets) of 18.99% and a total capital ratio (total capital to risk-weighted assets) of 20.24%.

6

As noted above, the capital rules require the Companys and the Banks capital to exceed the regulatory standards plus a capital conservation buffer in order to avoid constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and certain compensation. To meet the requirement when it is fully phased in, the organization must maintain an amount of CET1 capital that exceeds the buffer level of 2.5% above each of the minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. To avoid capital conservation buffer constraints, a banking organization must maintain the following capital ratios: (1) CET1 to risk-weighted assets of more than 7.0%, (ii) Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of more than 8.5%, and (iii) total capital (Tier 1 plus Tier 2) to risk-weighted assets of more than 10.5%.

The OCC has the ability to establish an individual minimum capital requirement for a particular institution, which varies from the capital levels that would otherwise be required under the capital regulations, based on such factors as concentrations of credit risk, levels of interest rate risk, and the risks of non-traditional activities as well as others. The OCC has not imposed any such requirement on the Bank.

The capital rules contain standards for the calculation of risk-weighted assets. Among other standards, a bank may assign a 50% risk weight to a first-lien residential mortgage exposure that:

is secured by property that is owner-occupied or rented,

is made in accordance with prudent underwriting standards, including loan-to-value ratios,

is not 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status, and

is not restructured or modified.

Other first-lien residential exposures, as well as junior-lien exposures if the bank does not hold the first lien, are assigned a 100% risk weight.

The exposure amount for on-balance sheet assets is generally the carrying value of the exposure as determined under GAAP. If a banking organization has elected to opt out of the accumulated other comprehensive income provisions discussed above, the exposure amount for available for sale or held-to-maturity debt securities is the carrying value (including accrued but unpaid interest and fees) of the exposure, less any net unrealized gains plus any unrealized losses. Exposures to debt directly and unconditionally guaranteed by the U.S. federal government and its agencies receive a 0% risk weight. Exposures conditionally guaranteed by the federal government, Federal Reserve Board, or a federal government agency would receive a 20% risk weight. Further, the capital rules assign a 20% risk weight to non-equity exposures to government-sponsored entities (GSEs) and a 100% risk weight to preferred stock issued by a GSE. A GSE is defined as an entity established or chartered by the federal government to serve public purposes but whose debt obligations are not explicitly guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. Banking organizations must assign a 20% risk weight to general obligations of a public sector entity (for example, a state, local authority or other governmental subdivision below the sovereign level) that is organized under U.S. law and a 50% risk weight for a revenue obligation of such an entity.

Prompt Corrective Action. Federal banking regulations also establish a prompt corrective action capital framework for the classification of insured depository institutions, such as Trustco Bank, into five categories: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. The federal banking agencies are required to take certain supervisory actions (and may take additional discretionary actions) with respect to an undercapitalized institution or its holding company. Such actions could have a direct material effect on an institutions or its holding companys financial condition and activities. Under the prompt corrective action rules currently in effect, an institution is deemed to be (a) well-capitalized if it has total risk-based capital of 10.0% or more, has a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, has a CET1 risk based capital ratio of 6.5% or more, and has leverage capital ratio of 5.0% or more and is not subject to any order or final capital directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure; (b) adequately capitalized if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or more, a CET1 risk based capital ratio of 4.5% or more and has a leverage capital ratio of 4.0% or more (3.0% under certain circumstances) and does not meet the definition of well-capitalized; (c) undercapitalized if it has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 6.0%, a CET1 capital ratio less than 4.5% or a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio that is less than 4.0%; (d) significantly undercapitalized if it has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 4.0%, a CET1 capital ratio less than 3% or a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio that is less than 3.0%; and (e) critically undercapitalized if it has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%. In certain situations, a federal banking agency may reclassify a well-capitalized institution as adequately capitalized and may require an adequately capitalized or undercapitalized institution to comply with supervisory actions as if the institution were in the next lower category.

7

A depository institution is generally prohibited from making any capital distributions (including payment of a dividend) or paying any management fee to its parent holding company if the depository institution would thereafter be undercapitalized. Undercapitalized institutions also are subject to growth limitations and are required to submit a capital restoration plan to the regulatory agencies. The agencies may not accept such a plan without determining, among other things, that the plan is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to succeed in restoring the depository institutions capital. In addition, for a capital restoration plan to be acceptable, the depository institutions parent holding company must guarantee that the institution will comply with such capital restoration plan. The aggregate liability of the parent holding company is limited to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5.0% of the depository institutions total assets at the time it became undercapitalized and (ii) the amount which is necessary (or would have been necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all capital standards applicable with respect to such institution as of the time it fails to comply with the plan. If a depository institution fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is significantly undercapitalized.

Significantly undercapitalized depository institutions may be subject to a number of requirements and restrictions, including orders to sell sufficient voting stock to become adequately capitalized, requirements to reduce total assets, and cessation of receipt of deposits from correspondent banks. Critically undercapitalized institutions are subject to the appointment of a receiver or conservator.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, each of TrustCo and Trustco Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject under the OCC and FRB regulations.

Holding Company Activities

The activities of savings and loan holding companies are governed, and limited, by the Home Owners Loan Act and the Federal Reserve Boards regulations. In general, TrustCos activities are limited to those permissible for multiple savings and loan holding companies (that is, savings and loan holding companies owning more than one savings association subsidiary) as of March 5, 1987, activities permitted for bank holding companies as of November 12, 1999, and activities permissible for financial holding companies (which are described below). Activities permitted to multiple savings and loan holding companies include certain real estate investment activities, and other activities permitted to bank holding companies under the Bank Holding Company Act. Activities permissible for a financial holding company are those considered financial in nature (including securities and insurance activities) or those incidental or complementary to financial activities.

A savings and loan holding company is prohibited from, directly or indirectly, acquiring more than 5% of the voting stock of another financial institution or savings and loan holding company without the prior written approval of the Federal Reserve Board. In evaluating applications by holding companies to acquire savings institutions, the Federal Reserve Board considers the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on the risk to the deposit insurance fund, the convenience and needs of the community and competitive factors.

Beginning in 2015, TrustCo became subject to formal regulatory capital requirements and is now obligated to hold capital in the same amount and type that is required for insured depository institutions such as the Bank. Please refer to the discussion above under Regulatory Capital Requirements and Prompt Corrective Action -- New Regulatory Capital Rules.

In addition, the financial impact of a holding company on its subsidiary institution is a matter that is evaluated by the Federal Reserve Board, and the agency has authority to order cessation of activities or divestiture of subsidiaries deemed to pose a threat to the safety and soundness of the institution. The Dodd-Frank Act, moreover, codified the Federal Reserves long-standing source of strength doctrine and thus requires that bank or thrift holding companies serve as a source of financial strength for their depository institution subsidiaries. The phrase source of financial strength is defined in the Dodd-Frank Act as the ability of a company that directly or indirectly owns or controls an insured depository institution to provide financial assistance to such insured depository institution in the event of the financial distress of the insured depository institution. The federal banking agencies are authorized to adopt regulations with respect to this requirement, although they have not yet done so.

8

Securities Regulation and Corporate Governance

The Companys common stock is registered with the SEC under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Company is subject to restrictions, reporting requirements and review procedures under federal securities laws and regulations. The Company is also subject to the rules and reporting requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, on which its common stock is traded.

Like other issuers of publicly traded securities, the Company must also comply with provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that require publicly traded companies to give stockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation, and the Company will also be subject to the Dodd-Frank Act provisions that authorize the SEC to promulgate rules that would allow stockholders to nominate their own candidates using a companys proxy materials.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley) implemented legislative reforms intended to address corporate and accounting fraud and contained reforms of various business practices and numerous aspects of corporate governance. For example, Sarbanes-Oxley addresses accounting oversight and corporate governance matters, including the creation of the PCDOB to set and enforce auditing, quality control and independence standards for accountants and have investigative and disciplinary powers; increased responsibilities and codified requirements relating to audit committees of public companies and how they interact with a companys public accounting firm; the prohibition of accounting firms from providing various types of consulting services to public clients and requiring accounting firms to rotate partners among public client assignments every five years; expanded disclosure of corporate operations and internal controls and certification by chief executive officers and chief financial officers to the accuracy of periodic reports filed with the SEC; and prohibitions on public company insiders from trading during retirement plan blackout periods, restrictions on loans to company executives and enhanced controls on and reporting of insider trading.

Although the Company has and will continue to incur additional expense in complying with the corporate governance provisions of federal law and the resulting regulations, management does not expect that such compliance will have a material impact on the Companys financial condition or results of operations.

Federal Savings Institution Regulation

Business Activities. Federal law and regulations govern the activities of federal savings banks such as the Bank. These laws and regulations delineate the nature and extent of the activities in which federal savings banks may engage. In particular, certain lending authority for federal savings banks, e.g., commercial, non-residential real property loans and consumer loans, is limited to a specified percentage of the institutions capital or assets.

Insurance of Deposit Accounts. Deposits of Trustco Bank are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) of the FDIC, and the Bank is subject to deposit insurance assessments to maintain the DIF. The FDIC determines insurance premiums based on a number of factors, primarily the risk of loss that insured institutions pose to the DIF. Deposit insurance assessments are based on average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity. Under the FDICs risk-based assessment system, insured institutions with less than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, are assigned to one of three categories based on their composite examination ratings, with higher-rated, less risky institutions paying lower assessments. A range of initial base assessment rates applies to each category, adjusted downward based on unsecured debt issued by the institution to produce total base assessment rates. Total base assessment rates currently range from 1.5 to 16 basis points banks in the least risky category to 11 to 30 basis points for banks in the most risky category, all subject to further adjustment upward if the institution holds more than a limited amount of unsecured debt issued by another FDIC-insured institution.

The FDIC has the authority to raise or lower assessment rates, subject to limits, and to impose special additional assessments. The Dodd-Frank Act set the minimum reserve ratio to not less than 1.35% of estimated insured deposits or the comparable percentage of the FDICs assessment base. The act also required the FDIC to take the steps necessary to attain the 1.35 percent ratio by September 30, 2020, subject to an offsetting requirement for certain institutions. As of September 30, 2019 the reserve rate was 1.41%, exceeding the minimum statutory requirement.

9

FDIC deposit insurance expense totaled $624 thousand, $1.5 million, and $2.9 million, in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. FDIC deposit insurance expense includes deposit insurance assessments and, until 2019, Financing Corporation (FICO) assessments related to outstanding bonds issued by FICO in the late 1980s to recapitalize the now defunct Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corporation. The final FICO assessment was collected in 2019.

Future changes in insurance premiums could have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of Trustco Bank, and the Bank cannot predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC or the OCC. The Bank does not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of its deposit insurance.

Assessments. The Bank is required to pay assessments to the OCC to fund the agencys operations. The general assessments, paid on a semi-annual basis, is computed upon the Banks total assets, including consolidated subsidiaries, as reported in the Banks latest quarterly financial report. The OCCs assessment schedule includes a surcharge for institutions that require increased supervisory resources. The assessments paid by the Bank for the year ended December 31, 2019 totaled approximately $815 thousand.

Community Reinvestment Act. The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) requires each savings institution, as well as commercial banks and certain other lenders, to identify the communities served by the institutions offices and to identify the types of credit the institution is prepared to extend within those communities. The CRA also requires the OCC to assess an institutions performance in meeting the credit needs of its identified communities as part of its examination of the institution, and to take such assessments into consideration in reviewing applications with respect to branches, mergers and other business combinations, including acquisitions by savings and loan holding companies. An unsatisfactory CRA rating may be the basis for denying such an application and community groups have successfully protested applications on CRA grounds. In connection with its assessment of CRA performance, the OCC assigns CRA ratings of outstanding, satisfactory, needs to improve or substantial noncompliance. The Bank was rated satisfactory in its last CRA examination. Institutions are evaluated based on (i) its record of helping to meet the credit needs of its assessment area through lending activities; (ii) its qualified investments; and (iii) the availability and effectiveness of the institutions system for delivering retail banking services. An institution that is found to be deficient in its performance in meeting its communitys credit needs may be subject to enforcement actions, including cease and desist orders and civil money penalties.

Qualified Thrift Lender Test. As a savings institution regulated by the OCC, the Bank must be a qualified thrift lender under either the Qualified Thrift Lender (QTL) test under the Home Owners Loan Act or the Internal Revenue Codes Domestic Building and Loan Association (DBLA) test to avoid certain restrictions on its and the Companys operations and activities. A savings institution may use either test to qualify and may switch from one test to the other; however, the institution must meet the time requirements of the respective test, that is, nine out of the preceding 12 months for the QTL test and at the close of the taxable year for the DBLA test.

Under the QTL test, the savings institution must hold qualified thrift investments equal to at least 65% of the institutions portfolio assets. The savings institutions actual thrift investment percentage is the ratio of its qualified thrift investments divided by its portfolio assets. Portfolio assets are total assets minus goodwill and other intangible assets, office property, and liquid assets not exceeding 20% of total assets. An institution ceases to meet the QTL test when its actual thrift investment percentage falls below 65% of portfolio assets for four months within any 12-month period. To be a qualified thrift lender under the DBLA test, a savings association must meet a business operations test and a 60% of assets test. The business operations test requires the business of a DBLA to consist primarily of acquiring the savings of the public and investing in loans. An institution meets the public savings requirement when it meets one of two conditions: (i) the institution acquires its savings accounts in conformity with OCC rules and regulations and (ii) the general public holds more than 75% of its deposits, withdrawable shares, and other obligations. An institution meets the investing in loans requirement when more than 75% of its gross income consists of interest on loans and government obligations, and various other specified types of operating income that financial institutions ordinarily earn. The 60% of assets test requires that at least 60% of a DBLAs assets must consist of assets that thrifts normally hold, except for consumer loans that are not educational loans.

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These are significant consequences for failing the QTL Test, including activities limitations and branching restrictions. In addition, an institution that fails the QTL test would be prohibited from paying dividends, except under circumstances that are permissible for a national bank, that are necessary to meet the obligations of the institutions holding company, and that are specifically approved by both the OCC and Federal Reserve Bank after a written request submitted by the thrift at least 30 days in advance of the proposed payment. Finally, failure of the QTL Test will subject the institution to enforcement action. If the Bank fails the qualified thrift lender test, within one year of such failure the Company must register as, and will become subject to, the activities restrictions applicable to bank holding companies, unless the Bank requalifies within the year. The activities authorized for a bank holding company are generally more limited than are the activities authorized for a savings and loan holding company. If the Bank fails the test a second time, the Company must immediately register as, and become subject to, the restrictions applicable to a bank holding company. The Bank is currently, and expects to remain, in compliance with the qualified thrift lender test.

Transactions with Related Parties. The Banks transactions with affiliates (generally, any company that controls or is under common control with the Bank, including TrustCo) is limited by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Reserves implementing Regulation W. Under these laws, the aggregate amount of covered transactions between the Bank and any one affiliate is limited to 10% of the Banks capital stock and surplus, and the aggregate amount of covered transactions by the Bank with all of its affiliates is limited to 20% of capital stock and surplus. Certain covered transactions (primarily credit-related transactions) are required to be secured by collateral in an amount and of a type described in Section 23A and Regulation W. Transactions by the Bank with its affiliates must be on terms and under circumstances that are at least as favorable to the Bank as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-affiliates. In addition, savings institutions are prohibited from lending to any affiliate that is engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies, and no savings institution may purchase the securities of any affiliate other than a subsidiary.

The definition of covered transactions as used in Section 23A includes credit exposure on derivatives transactions and securities lending and borrowing transactions, as well as the acceptance of affiliate-issued debt obligations as collateral for a loan or an extension of credit.

The Bank also is restricted in its ability to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons. Extensions of credit to those insiders must be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons; may not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features and may not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate. In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by the Banks board of directors.

Certain non-credit transactions between an insured depository institution and its insiders, such as asset purchase and sales, are prohibited unless the transaction is on market terms and, if the transaction represents more than 10% of the capital stock and surplus of the institution, has been approved in advance by a majority of the disinterested members of the board of directors of the institution.

Safety and Soundness Regulations. The federal banking agencies (including the OCC) have adopted certain safety and soundness standards for all insured depository institutions. These standards relate to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems; loan documentation; credit underwriting; interest rate risk exposure; asset growth; asset quality; earnings and compensation, fees and benefits, as well as other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. Interagency Guidelines Establishing Standards for Safety and Soundness set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency (the OCC in the case of the Bank) determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard.

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Enforcement. The Federal Reserve and the OCC have extensive enforcement authority over savings institutions and their holding companies, including the Bank and TrustCo. This includes enforcement authority with respect to the actions of the Banks and TrustCos directors, officers and other institution-affiliated parties, including attorneys and auditors. This enforcement authority also includes, among other things, the ability to assess civil money penalties, issue cease-and-desist or removal orders and initiate injunctive actions. In general, these enforcement actions may be initiated for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices. Public disclosure of final enforcement actions by the OCC and the Federal Reserve is required.

Institutions in Troubled Condition. Certain events, including entering into a formal written agreement with a banks regulator or being informed by the regulator that the bank is in troubled condition, will require that a bank give prior notice to their primary regulator before adding or replacing any member of the board of directors, employing any person as a senior executive officer, or changing the responsibilities of any senior executive officer so that the person would assume a different senior executive position. Troubled condition banks are prohibited from making, or agreeing to make, certain golden parachute payments to institution affiliated parties, subject to certain exceptions.

Consumer Laws and Regulations. In addition to the other laws and regulations discussed above, the Bank is subject to consumer laws and regulations designed to protect consumers in transactions with financial institutions. These laws and regulations include, among others, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits from, making loans to, or engaging in other types of transactions with, such customers.

The BCFP has adopted rules related to mortgage loan origination and mortgage loan servicing. In particular, the BCFP has issued a rule implementing the ability-to-repay and qualified mortgage (QM) provisions of the Truth in Lending Act, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act (the QM Rule). The ability-to-repay provision requires creditors to make reasonable, good faith determinations that borrowers are able to repay their mortgages before extending the credit based on a number of factors and consideration of financial information about the borrower from reasonably reliable third-party documents. Under the Dodd-Frank Act and the QM Rule, loans meeting the definition of qualified mortgage are entitled to a presumption that the lender satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements. The presumption is a conclusive presumption/safe harbor for prime loans meeting the QM requirements, and a rebuttable presumption for higher-priced/subprime loans meeting the QM requirements. The definition of a qualified mortgage incorporates the statutory requirements, such as not allowing negative amortization or terms longer than 30 years. The QM Rule also adds an explicit maximum 43% debt-to-income ratio for borrowers if the loan is to meet the QM definition, though some mortgages that meet GSE, FHA and VA underwriting guidelines may, for a period not to exceed seven years, meet the QM definition without being subject to the 43% debt-to-income limits. The QM Rule became effective in January 2014.

Anti-Money Laundering and Customer Identification. The Bank is subject to extensive anti-money laundering provisions and requirements, which generally require that it implement a comprehensive customer identification program and an anti-money laundering program and procedures. All financial institutions, including the Company and the Bank, are required to take certain measures to identify their customers, prevent money laundering, monitor certain customer transactions and report suspicious activity to U.S. law enforcement agencies, and scrutinize or prohibit altogether certain transactions of special concern. Financial institutions are also required to respond to requests for information from federal banking regulatory agencies and law enforcement agencies concerning their customers and their transactions. Information-sharing among financial institutions concerning terrorist or money laundering activities is encouraged by an exemption provided from the privacy provisions of the GLB Act (described below) and other laws. Further, the effectiveness of a financial institution in combating money-laundering activities is a factor to be considered in applications submitted by a financial institution for merger or acquisition proposals. The Company has in place a Bank Secrecy Act compliance program, and it engages in very few transactions of any kind with foreign financial institutions or foreign persons.

Consumer Privacy. The federal banking agencies have prohibited rules regarding the confidential treatment of nonpublic personal information about consumers. These rules require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to a nonaffiliated third party. The privacy rules affect how consumer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors. Because the Company does not sell customer information or give customer information to outside third parties or its affiliates except under limited circumstances (e.g., providing customer information to the Companys data processing provider), the rules have not had a significant impact on the Companys results of operations or financial condition.

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Federal Reserve System

Federal Reserve Board regulations require savings institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction accounts. The reserve for transaction accounts effective as of January 16, 2020 was as follows:

Amount of transaction accounts
Reserve Requirement
   
$0 to $16.9 million
0% of amount.
   
Over $16.9 million and up to $127.5 million
3% of amount.
   
Over $127.5 million
10% of amount over $127.5 million

The Bank is in compliance with these requirements.

Federal Home Loan Bank of New York. The Bank is a member of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of New York, which is one of 11 regional FHLBs that serve as reserve or central banks for their members. The FHLBs are funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system and makes loans or advances to members. The Bank is also required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB of New York at or above levels specified in the FHLB of New York capital plan. As of December 31, 2019, the Bank owned $5.1 million in FHLB of New York stock, which was in compliance with its obligations.

Foreign Operations

Neither TrustCo nor the Bank engage in any operations in foreign countries or have outstanding loans to foreign debtors.

Statistical Information Analysis

The Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are included in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, which contains a presentation and discussion of statistical data relating to TrustCo, is hereby incorporated by reference. This information should not be construed to imply any conclusion on the part of the management of TrustCo that the results, causes, or trends indicated therein will continue in the future. The nature and effects of governmental monetary policy, supervision and regulation, future legislation, inflation and other economic conditions and many other factors which affect interest rates, investments, loans, deposits, and other aspects of TrustCos operations are extremely complex and could make historical operations, earnings, assets, and liabilities not indicative of what may occur in the future.

Critical Accounting Policies

Pursuant to recent SEC guidance, management of the Company is encouraged to evaluate and disclose those accounting policies that are judged to be critical policies, or those most important to the portrayal of the Companys financial condition and results of operations, and that require managements most difficult subjective or complex judgments. Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for loan losses to be a critical accounting policy given the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty in estimating the levels of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that such judgments can have on the results of operations. Included in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, is a description of this critical policy and the other significant accounting policies that are utilized by the Company in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Availability of Reports

TrustCos annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports can be obtained free of charge from its Internet site, www.trustcobank.com under the Investor Relations tab. These reports are available on the Internet site as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information found on the Companys website is not incorporated by reference in this or any other report the Company files or furnishes to the SEC. These reports are also available on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements included in this report and in future filings by TrustCo with the SEC, in TrustCos press releases, and in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, which are not historical or current facts, are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical earnings and those presently anticipated or projected. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of such words as may, will, should, could, would, estimate, project, believe, intend, anticipate, plan, seek, expect and similar expressions. TrustCo wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made.

TrustCos 2019 Annual Report to Shareholders, which is included as Exhibit 13 hereto, contains a list of certain important factors, in addition to the factors described under Item 1A. Risk Factors, that in some cases have affected and in the future could affect TrustCos actual results, and could cause TrustCos actual financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in any forward-looking statement. The list should not be construed as exhaustive, and TrustCo disclaims any obligation to subsequently revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements, or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

Investors should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although TrustCo believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur.

Item 1A.
Risk Factors

The following are general risk factors affecting the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business operations. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such cases, you may lose all or part of your investment.

Certain interest rate movements may hurt earnings and asset values.

Like other financial institutions, we are subject to interest rate risk. Our primary source of income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and investments, and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Over any specific period of time, our interest-earning assets may be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest-bearing liabilities, or vice-versa. In addition, the individual market interest rates underlying our loan and deposit products may not change to the same degree over a given time period. In any event, if market interest rates should move contrary to our position, earnings may be negatively affected. Interest rates have in recent years hit historical low levels.  From December 2008 through December 2015, the U.S. Federal Reserve held its target for the federal funds rate at a range of 0.00% to 0.25%. The target range remained at that level until December 2016 when the range was increased to 0.25% to 0.50%.  Subsequent increases and decreases have resulted in the current range of 1.50% to 1.75%. Most economists and financial market indicators concur that there will be additional changes in rates.  Lower rates have helped lead to a lower cost of funds, but have also lowered the yields we earn on loans, securities, and short-term investments. To the extent that the Federal Reserve or general market conditions for deposits change rates further, our cost of funds may rise faster than the rates we earn on loans and investments, potentially causing a compression of our interest rate spread and net interest margin, which would have a negative effect on Trustco Banks profitability.

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We also are subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect the average life of loans and mortgage-related securities. Increases in interest rates may decrease loan demand and/or may make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans. Decreases in interest rates often result in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, as borrowers refinance their loans to reduce borrowing costs. Under these circumstances, we are subject to reinvestment risk to the extent that we are unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments in loans or other investments that have interest rates that are comparable to the interest rates on existing loans and securities. Conversely, increases in interest rates often result in slowed prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, reducing cash flows and reinvestment opportunities.

Changes in interest rates also affect the value of the Banks interest-earning assets, and in particular the Banks securities portfolio. Generally, the value of fixed-rate securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale are reported as a separate component of equity, net of tax. Decreases in the fair value of securities available for sale resulting from increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect on shareholders equity.

We are exposed to credit risk in our lending activities.

There are inherent risks associated with our lending and trading activities. Loans to individuals and business entities, our single largest asset group, depend for repayment on the willingness and ability of borrowers to perform as contracted. A material adverse change in the ability of a significant portion of our borrowers to meet their obligation to us, due to changes in economic conditions, interest rates, natural disaster, acts of war, or other causes over which we have no control, could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans, and could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and financial condition.

If our allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings could decrease, and a new accounting standard may require us to increase our ALLL.

Our borrowers may not repay their loans according to the terms of the loans, and, as a result of the declines in home prices, the collateral securing the payment of these loans may be insufficient to pay any remaining loan balance. We may experience significant loan losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. When determining the amount of the ALLL, we make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans. In deciding on the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management reviews past due information, historical charge-off and recovery data, and nonperforming loan activity. Also, there are a number of other factors that are taken into consideration, including: the magnitude, nature and trends of recent loan charge-offs and recoveries, the growth in the loan portfolio and the implication that it has in relation to the economic climate in the Banks market territories, and the economic environment in the Upstate New York territory primarily (the Companys largest geographical area) over the last several years, as well as in the Companys other market areas. A significant portion of the allowance is determined using qualitative factors. The determination of qualitative factors involves subjective judgement and subjective measurement. If our assumptions and analysis prove to be incorrect, our ALLL may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan portfolio, resulting in additions to our allowance which is maintained through provisions for loan losses. Material additions to our allowance would materially decrease our net income.

Additionally, Trustco will adopt ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL”) effective January 1, 2020.  This standard will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit.  This will change the current method of providing allowances for credit losses that are probable, which may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, and may greatly increase the types of data we would need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses.

The regulatory capital rules could slow our growth, cause us to seek to raise additional capital, or both.

As discussed under Regulation and Supervision - Regulatory Capital Requirements and Prompt Corrective Action, the Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements. The new capital rules impose stringent capital requirements on the Company and the Bank and generally require banking organizations to hold high-quality capital to act as a financial cushion to absorb losses and help banking organizations better withstand periods of financial stress. The rules include required minimum capital ratios for all banking organizations and a capital conservation buffer that is in addition to each capital ratio.

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The application of these stringent capital requirements for us could, among other things, result in lower returns on equity, require us to limit the growth we may otherwise seek, require the raising of additional capital, and result in regulatory actions such as prohibitions on the payment of dividends, the payment of bonuses to employees or the repurchase of shares if we were unable to comply with such requirements. Recent regulatory changes have made available to qualifying institutions of under $10 billion in assets an alternative "community bank leverage ratio" framework of 9% Tier 1 capital to total consolidated assets. That framework is available for election starting in 2020. However, the framework, if elected, is not expected to effectively lower the amount of capital needed to comply with regulatory requirements.

If Trustco Bank fails to comply with the new capital standards, the OCC will have the authority to take prompt corrective action, depending on the Banks capital level. Currently, the Bank is considered well-capitalized for prompt corrective action purposes. If it were to be designated by the OCC in one of the lower capital levels - undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized - the Bank would be required to raise additional capital and also would be subject to progressively more severe restrictions on operations, management, and capital distributions; replacement of senior executive officers and directors; and, if it became critically undercapitalized, to the appointment of a conservator or receiver.

We currently anticipate that we will continue to be well-capitalized in accordance with the regulatory standards.

A prolonged economic downturn, especially one affecting our geographic market area, will adversely affect our operations and financial results.

Our primary lending emphasis is the origination of one-to-four family first mortgage loans on residential properties; therefore, we are particularly exposed to downturns in the U.S. housing market. The primary risks inherent in our one- to four-family loan portfolio are declines in economic conditions, elevated levels of unemployment or underemployment, and declines in residential real estate values. Any one or a combination of these events may have an adverse impact on borrowers ability to repay their loans, which could result in increased delinquencies, non-performing assets, loan losses, and future loan loss provisions.

Additionally, we have a concentration of loans secured in New York and Florida. Approximately 74.4% of our loan portfolio is comprised of loans secured by property located in our markets in and around of New York, and approximately 25.6% is comprised of loans secured by property located in Florida. This makes us vulnerable to a downturn in the local economy and real estate markets. Adverse conditions in the local economy such as inflation, unemployment, recession, natural disasters, or other factors beyond our control could impact the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans. Decreases in local real estate values could adversely affect the value of the property used as collateral for our loans, which could cause us to realize a loss in the event of a foreclosure. Currently, there is not a single employer or industry in the area on which the majority of our customers are dependent.

The Company operates in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in laws, regulations and tax policies.

As described above, the Bank is subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the OCC, its primary federal regulator, and by the FDIC, as insurer of our deposits. In addition, the Company is subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board. Such regulation and supervision govern the activities in which an institution and its holding company may engage and are intended primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance fund and the depositors and borrowers of the Bank rather than for holders of the Companys common stock. Congress and federal regulatory agencies continually review banking laws, regulations, and policies for possible changes. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of restrictions on operations, the classification of the Banks assets, and determination of the level of allowance for loan losses. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, legislation, or supervisory action, may have a material impact on operations.

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Changes in tax laws may adversely affect us, and the Internal Revenue Service or a court may disagree with our tax positions, which may result in adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company operates in an environment that imposes income taxes on its operations at both the federal and state levels to varying degrees. Strategies and operating routines have been implemented to minimize the impact of these taxes. Consequently, any change in tax legislation could significantly alter the effectiveness of these strategies. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (which we refer to as the “Tax Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017, significantly affected United States tax law, including by changing how the United States imposes tax on certain types of income of corporations and by reducing the United States federal corporate income tax rate to 21%. It also imposed new limitations on a number of tax benefits, including certain executive compensation deductions, deductions for certain transportation fringe benefits provided to employees and entertainment expenses, among others. There can be no assurance that future tax law changes will not increase the rate of the corporate income tax significantly; impose new limitations on deductions, credits or other tax benefits; or make other changes that may adversely affect the performance of an investment in our stock. In addition, the Internal Revenue Service (which we refer to as the “IRS”) has yet to issue guidance on a number of important issues regarding the changes made by the Tax Act. In the absence of such guidance, we will take positions with respect to a number of unsettled issues. There is no assurance that the IRS or a court will agree with the positions taken by us, in which case tax penalties and interest may be imposed that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The recent changes in the federal tax laws may have an adverse effect on the market for, and the valuation of, residential properties, and on the demand for such loans in the future, and could make it harder for borrowers to make their loan payments. In addition, these recent changes may also have a disproportionate effect on taxpayers in states with high residential home prices and high state and local taxes, like New York. If home ownership becomes less attractive, demand for mortgage loans could decrease. The value of the properties securing loans in our loan portfolio may be adversely impacted as a result of the changing economics of home ownership, which could require an increase in our provision for loan losses, which would reduce our profitability and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to pay dividends is subject to regulatory limitations and other limitations which may affect our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders or to repurchase our common stock.

TrustCo is a separate legal entity from its subsidiary, Trustco Bank, and does not have significant operations of its own. The availability of dividends from Trustco Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the Bank and other factors that the OCC or the Federal Reserve Board could assert that payment of dividends or other payments may result in an unsafe or unsound practice. In addition, TrustCo is subject to consolidated capital requirements and will be required to serve as a source of strength to Trustco Bank. If the Bank is unable to pay dividends to TrustCo, or if TrustCo is required to retain capital or contribute capital to the Bank, we may not be able to pay dividends on our common stock or to repurchase shares of common stock.

Changes in laws and regulations and the cost of regulatory compliance with new laws and regulations may adversely affect our operations and our income.

We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision, and examination by the OCC, FRB, and FDIC. These regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the ability to impose restrictions on a banks operations, reclassify assets, determine the adequacy of a banks loss allowances, and determine the level of deposit insurance premiums assessed. The Dodd-Frank Act significantly affected the lending, deposit, investment, trading, and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies and will continue to do so.  Any change in banking regulations and oversight, and the regulation of other agencies, such as the BCFP and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, whether in the form of regulatory policy, new regulations or legislation, or additional deposit insurance premiums, could have a material impact on our operations.  New or revised rules may increase our regulatory compliance burden and costs and restrict the financial products and services we offer to our customers.

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Further, there may be additional laws and regulations, or changes in policy, affecting lending and funding practices, regulatory capital limits, interest rate risk management, and liquidity standards. The federal bank regulatory agencies may require us to maintain capital ratios in excess of regulatory requirements, and new laws and regulations may increase our costs of regulatory compliance and of doing business, and otherwise affect our operations. New laws and regulations may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the markets for and value of our loans and investments, the products we offer, the fees we can charge and our ongoing operations, costs, and profitability.

Our business could be adversely affected by third-party service providers, data breaches and cyber-attacks.

We face the risk of operational disruption, failure, or capacity constraints due to our dependency on third-party vendors for components of our business infrastructure. While we have selected these third-party vendors through our vendor management process, we do not control their operations. As such, any failure on the part of these business partners to perform their various responsibilities could also adversely affect our business and operations.

Our assets that are at risk for cyber-attacks include financial assets and non-public information belonging to customers. We use several third-party vendors who have access to our assets via electronic media. Certain cyber security risks arise due to this access, including cyber espionage, blackmail, ransom, and theft. We employ many preventive and detective controls to protect our assets and provide recurring information security training to all employees. To date, we have not experienced any material losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such attacks or attempted breaches, or incur resulting losses, in the future. Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats, our plans to continue to implement Internet and mobile banking to meet customer demand, and the current economic and political environment. As cyber and other data security threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify and enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities.

A failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could disrupt our businesses, and adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm.

The potential for operational risk exposure exists throughout our organization and, as a result of our interactions with, and reliance on, third parties, is not limited to our own internal operational functions. Our operational and security systems, infrastructure, including our computer systems, data management, and internal processes, as well as those of third parties, are integral to our performance. We rely on our employees and third parties in our day-to-day and ongoing operations, who may, as a result of human error, misconduct, malfeasance or failure, or breach of third-party systems or infrastructure, expose us to risk. We have taken measures to implement backup systems and other safeguards to support our operations, but our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any significant disruptions to us or to third parties with whom we interact and rely. For example, strategic technology project implementation challenges may cause business interruptions. In addition, our ability to implement backup systems and other safeguards with respect to third-party systems is more limited than with respect to our own systems. Our financial, accounting, data processing, backup or other operating or security systems and infrastructure may fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control which could adversely affect our ability to process these transactions or provide these services. There could be sudden increases in customer transaction volume; electrical, telecommunications or other major physical infrastructure outages; natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and floods; disease pandemics; and events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including terrorist acts. We continuously update these systems to support our operations and growth and to remain compliant with all applicable laws, rules and regulations globally. This updating entails significant costs and creates risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones, including business interruptions. Operational risk exposures could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm.

18

Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client or customer information, whether through a breach of our computer systems or otherwise, could severely harm our business.

As part of our financial institution business, we collect, process, and retain sensitive and confidential customer information. Despite the security measures we have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors, or other similar events. If information security is breached, information can be lost or misappropriated, resulting in financial loss or costs to us. Any security breach involving confidential customer information, whether by us or by our vendors, could severely damage our reputation, expose us to the risks of litigation and liability or disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We could suffer a material adverse impact from interruptions in the effective operation of, or security breaches affecting, our computer systems.

We rely heavily on information systems to conduct our business and to process, record, and monitor our transactions. Risks to the systems result from a variety of factors, including the potential for bad acts on the part of hackers, criminals, employees and others. As one example, in recent years, some banks have experienced denial of service attacks in which individuals or organizations flood the banks website with extraordinarily high volumes of traffic, with the goal and effect of disrupting the ability of the bank to process transactions. We are also at risk for the impact of natural disasters, terrorism, and international hostilities on our systems or for the effects of outages or other failures involving power or communications systems operated by others. These risks also arise from the same types of threats to businesses with which we deal.

Potential adverse consequences of attacks on our computer systems or other threats include damage to our reputation, loss of customer business, litigation, and increased regulatory scrutiny, which might also result in financial loss and require additional efforts and expense to attempt to prevent such adverse consequences in the future.

Consumers and businesses are increasingly using non-banks to complete their financial transactions, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations

Technology and other changes are allowing consumers and businesses to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, the wide acceptance of Internet-based commerce has resulted in a number of alternative payment processing systems and lending platforms in which banks play only minor roles. Customers can now maintain funds in prepaid debit cards or digital currencies, and pay bills and transfer funds directly without the direct assistance of banks. The diminishing role of banks as financial intermediaries has resulted and could continue to result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the potential loss of lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Market volatility levels have experienced significant variations in recent years and a return to very high volatility levels could adversely affect us.

The stock and credit markets have been experiencing significant variations in volatility levels in recent years. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without regard to those issuers underlying financial strength. Current volatility levels have diminished significantly from the peak, but a return to higher levels could cause the Company to experience an adverse effect, which may be material, on our ability to access capital and on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.

Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. We have exposure to many different counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, banks, investment banks, mutual funds, and other institutional entities. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client. Any such losses could be material and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

19

We are subject to claims and litigation pertaining to fiduciary responsibility and lender liability.

Some of the services we provide, such as trust and investment services, require us to act as fiduciaries for our customers and others. In addition, loan workout and other activities may expose us or Trustco Bank to legal actions, including lender liability or environmental claims. From time to time, third parties make claims and take legal action against us pertaining to the performance of our fiduciary responsibilities or loan-related activities. If these claims and legal actions are not resolved in a manner favorable to us, we may be exposed to significant financial liability and/or our reputation could be damaged. Either of these results may adversely impact demand for our products and services or otherwise have a harmful effect on our business and, in turn, on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may not be able to meet the cash flow requirements of our depositors or borrowers or meet our operating cash needs to fund corporate expansion and other activities.

Liquidity is the ability to meet cash flow needs on a timely basis at a reasonable cost. The liquidity of Trustco Bank is used to make loans and to repay deposit liabilities as they become due or are demanded by customers. Liquidity policies and limits have been established by our board of directors, and our management monitors the overall liquidity position of Trustco Bank to ensure that various alternative strategies exist to cover unanticipated events that could affect liquidity. Trustco Bank is also a member of the Federal Reserve System and Federal Home Loan Bank System, each of which provides funding to members through advances and other extensions of credit that are typically collateralized with securities or mortgage-related assets. Our securities portfolio can be used as a secondary source of liquidity, and additional liquidity could be obtained from securities sold under repurchase agreements, non-core deposits, and debt or equity securities issuances in public or private transactions. If we were unable to access any of these funding sources when needed, we might not be able to meet the needs of our customers, which could adversely affect our financial condition, our results of operations, cash flows and our level of regulatory capital.

New lines of business or new products and services may subject us to additional risks.

From time to time, we may develop and grow new lines of business or offer new products and services within our existing lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services, we may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business or a new product or service. Furthermore, any new line of business and/or new product or service could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or new products or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. All service offerings, including current offerings and those which may be provided in the future, may become more risky due to changes in economic, competitive and market conditions beyond our control.

We may be subject to a higher effective tax rate if Trustco Realty Corp. (“Trustco Realty”) fails to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”).

Trustco Realty, a subsidiary of Trustco Bank, operates as a REIT for tax purposes. Trustco Realty was established to acquire, hold and manage mortgage assets and other authorized investments to generate net income for distribution to its shareholders.

20

For an entity to qualify as a REIT, it must meet certain organizational tests and it must satisfy the following six asset tests under the Internal Revenue Code each quarter: (1) at least 75% of the value of the REITs total assets must consist of real estate assets, cash and cash items, and government securities; (2) not more than 25% of the value of the REITs total assets may consist of securities, other than those includible under the 75% test; (3) not more than 5% of the value of its total assets may consist of securities of any one issuer, other than those securities includible under the 75% test or securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary; (4) not more than 10% of the outstanding voting power of any one issuer may be held, other than those securities includible under the 75% test or securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary; (5) not more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer may be held, other than those securities includible under the 75% test or securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary; and (6) a REIT cannot own securities in one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries which comprise more than 25% of the value of its total assets. At December 31, 2019, Trustco Realty met all six quarterly asset tests.

Also, a REIT must satisfy the following two gross income tests each year: (1) at least 75% of its gross income must be from qualifying income closely connected with real estate activities; and (2) 95% of its gross income must be derived from sources qualifying for the 75% test and dividends, interest, and gains from the sale of securities. In addition, a REIT must distribute at least 90% of its taxable income for the taxable year, excluding any net capital gains, to maintain its non-taxable status for federal income tax purposes. For 2019, Trustco Realty had met the two annual income tests and the distribution test.

If Trustco Realty fails to meet any of the required provisions and, therefore, does not qualify to be a REIT, our effective tax rate would increase.

The trust wealth management fees we receive may decrease as a result of poor investment performance, in either relative or absolute terms, which could decrease our revenues and net earnings.

Our Trustco Financial Services department derives its revenues primarily from investment management fees based on assets under management. Our ability to maintain or increase assets under management is subject to a number of factors, including investors perception of our past performance, in either relative or absolute terms, market and economic conditions, and competition from investment management companies. Financial markets are affected by many factors, all of which are beyond our control, including general economic conditions, securities market conditions, the level and volatility of interest rates and equity prices, competitive conditions, monetary and fiscal policy and investor sentiment. A decline in the value of the assets under management would decrease our income. Further certain of our investment advisory and wealth management clients can terminate, with little or no notice, their relationships with us, reduce their aggregate assets under management, or shift their funds to other types of accounts with different rate structures.

Strong competition within the Bank’s market areas could hurt profits and slow growth.

The Bank faces intense competition both in making loans and attracting deposits. This competition comes principally from other banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, mortgage companies, other lenders, and institutions offering uninsured investment alternatives. Many of our competitors have competitive advantages, including greater financial resources and higher lending limits, a wider geographic presence, more accessible branch office locations, more aggressive marketing campaigns and better brand recognition, and the ability to offer a wider array of services or more favorable pricing alternatives, as well as lower origination and operating costs. Competition has made it more difficult for the Bank to make new loans and at times has forced the Bank to offer higher deposit rates. Price competition for loans and deposits might result in the Bank earning less on loans and paying more on deposits, which would reduce net interest income. Competition also makes it more difficult to grow loans and deposits and to hire and retain experienced employees. Management expects competition to increase in the future as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and the continuing trend of consolidation in the financial services industry. The Banks profitability depends upon its continued ability to compete successfully in its market areas.

We are dependent upon the services of our management team.

We are dependent upon the ability and experience of a number of our key management personnel who have substantial experience with our operations, the financial services industry and the markets in which we offer our services. It is possible that the loss of the services of one or more of our senior executives or key managers would have an adverse effect on our operations. Our success also depends on our ability to continue to attract, manage and retain other qualified middle management personnel as we grow. We cannot assure you that we will continue to attract or retain such personnel.

21

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and New York law may discourage or prevent takeover attempts, and these provisions may have the effect of reducing the market price of our stock.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws include several provisions that may have the effect of discouraging or preventing hostile takeover attempts, and therefore, making the removal of incumbent management difficult. The provisions include staggered terms for our board of directors and requirements of supermajority votes to approve certain business transactions. In addition, New York law contains several provisions that may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of the board of directors, and may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding stock. To the extent that these provisions are effective in discouraging or preventing takeover attempts, they may tend to reduce the market price for our stock.

Changes in accounting standards could impact reported earnings.

The accounting standard setting bodies, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory bodies, periodically change financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our consolidated statements. These changes can be hard to predict and can materially impact how the Company records and reports its financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised accounting standard retroactively, which could affect beginning of period financial statement amounts.

Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed by TrustCo in reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to management, and recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of estimates that may vary from actual results.

Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make significant estimates that affect the financial statements. One of our most critical estimates is the level of the allowance for loan losses. Due to the inherent nature of this estimate, we cannot provide absolute assurance that we will not significantly increase the allowance for loan losses higher than the current balance.

22

We rely on communications, information, operating and financial control systems, and technology from third-party service providers, and we may suffer an interruption in those systems that may result in lost business. Further, we may not be able to substitute providers on terms that are as favorable if our relationships with our existing service providers are interrupted.

We rely heavily on third-party service providers for much of our communications, information, operating and financial controls systems, and technology. Any failure or interruption or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or interruptions in our customer relationships management, general ledger, deposit, servicing and/or loan origination systems. We cannot assure you that such failures or interruptions will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed by us or the third parties on which we rely. The occurrence of any failure or interruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. If any of our third-party service providers experience financial, operational or technological difficulties, or if there is any other disruption in our relationships with them, we may be required to locate alternative sources of such services, and we cannot assure you that we could negotiate terms that are as favorable to us, or could obtain services with similar functionality as found in our existing systems, without the need to expend substantial resources, if at all. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If the business continuity and disaster recovery plans that we have in place are not adequate to continue our operations in the event of a disaster, the business disruption can adversely impact our operations.

External events, including terrorist or military actions, or an outbreak of disease, and resulting political and social turmoil could cause unforeseen damage to our physical facilities or could cause delays or disruptions to operational functions, including information processing and financial market settlement functions. Additionally, our customers, vendors and counterparties could suffer from such events. Should these events affect us, or our customers, or vendors or counterparties with which we conduct business, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The Company’s risk-management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss.

The Company maintains an enterprise risk management program that is designed to identify, quantify, monitor, report, and control the risks that it faces. These risks include: interest-rate, credit, liquidity, operations, reputation, compliance and litigation. While the Company assesses and improves this program on an ongoing basis, there can be no assurance that its approach and framework for risk management and related controls will effectively mitigate all risk and limit losses in its business. If conditions or circumstances arise that expose flaws or gaps in the Companys risk-management program, or if its controls break down, the performance and value of its business could be adversely affected.

Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2.
Properties

TrustCos executive offices are located at 5 Sarnowski Drive, Glenville, New York, 12302, in a facility owned by the Company. The Company operates 148 banking offices, of which 25 are owned and 123 are leased from others on market terms.

In the opinion of management, the physical properties of TrustCo and the Bank are suitable and adequate to meet our requirements and are being fully utilized.  These properties are located in New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts and Florida.

Item 3.
Legal Proceedings

The nature of TrustCos business generates a certain amount of litigation against TrustCo and its subsidiaries involving matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management of TrustCo, there are no proceedings pending to which TrustCo or any of its subsidiaries is a party, or of which its property is the subject which, if determined adversely to TrustCo or such subsidiaries, would be material in relation to TrustCos consolidated shareholders equity and financial condition.

Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

23

Information about our Executive Officers

The following is a list of the names and ages of the executive officers of TrustCo and their business history for the past five years:

Name, Age and
Position
With Trustco
 
Principal Occupations Or Employment Since January 1, 2008
 
Year First
Became
Executive of
TrustCo
 
 
 
 
 
Robert J. McCormick,
Age 56,
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of TrustCo from January 2009 to December 2010, President and Chief Executive Officer of TrustCo since January 2004, Executive Officer of TrustCo since 2001 and President and Chief Executive Officer of Trustco Bank since November 2002. Chairman of TrustCo and Trustco Bank from November 2008 to December 2010. Director of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since 2005. Robert J. McCormick is the son of Robert A. McCormick. Joined Trustco Bank in 1995.
 
2001
         
Scot R. Salvador,
Age 53,
Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since January 2004. Executive Officer of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since 2004. Joined Trustco Bank in 1995.
 
2004
 
 
 
 
 
Robert M. Leonard,
Age 57,
Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer
 
Secretary or Assistant Secretary of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since 2003. Executive Vice President of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since 2013. Senior Vice President of TrustCo and Trustco Bank from 2010 to 2013. Administrative Vice President of TrustCo and Trustco Bank from 2004 to 2010. Executive Officer of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since 2003. Joined Trustco Bank in 1986.
 
2003
 
 
 
 
 
Michael M. Ozimek
Age 45,
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
Executive Vice President of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since December 2018. Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since December 2014. Administrative Vice President of TrustCo and Trustco Bank from June 2010 to December 2014. Vice President of Trustco Bank from 2004 to June 2010.
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
Eric W. Schreck
Age 53,
Senior Vice President
and Treasurer
 
Treasurer of TrustCo since 2010. Senior Vice President and Florida Regional President since 2009. Executive Officer of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since 2010. Joined Trustco Bank in 1989.
 
2010
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Hall
Age 54,
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
 
Secretary of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since 2016. Vice President of Trustco Bank since 2015. Joined Trustco Bank in 2015. Prior to 2015, attorney in private practice.
 
2016
         
Kevin M. Curley
Age 54,
Executive Vice President and Chief Operations Officer
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Operations Officer of TrustCo and Trustco Bank since December 2018. Joined Trustco Bank in 1990.
 
2018

24

PART II

Item 5.
Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

TrustCos common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the symbol TRST. TrustCo had approximately 11,269 shareholders of record as of February 24, 2020, and the closing price of TrustCos common stock on that date was $7.67.

The following details the purchase of shares of TrustCos common stock made by or on behalf of TrustCo in the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2019.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period
 
(a)
Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased*
   
(b)
Average
Price
Paid Per
Share
   
(c)
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
   
(d)
Maximum
Number
of Shares
that May
Yet Be
Purchased
Under
the Plans
or
Programs
 
                         
October 1 to October 31, 2019
   
-
   
$
-
     
-
     
-
 
November 1 to November 30, 2019
   
-
   
$
-
     
-
     
-
 
December 1 to December 31, 2019
   
-
   
$
-
     
-
     
-
 
Total
   
-
   
$
-
     
-
     
-
 
*Purchase relates to an employee exercise of incentive stock options.

The TrustCo Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, which is filed as Exhibit 13 hereto, contains a graph comparing the yearly percentage change in the Companys cumulative total shareholder return on its common stock with the cumulative return of the Russell 2000 and the SNL Bank and Thrift indices. Such graph is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 6.
Selected Financial Data

The information required by this this Item 6 is incorporated herein by reference from the table captioned FIVE YEAR SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL DATA in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, which is filed as Exhibit 13 hereto.

Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information required by this this Item 7 is contained in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, which is filed as Exhibit 13 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The information required by this  Item 7A is contained in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, which is filed as Exhibit 13 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

25


Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The consolidated financial statements, together with the report thereon of Crowe LLP, and the required supplementary financial data are included in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, which is filed as Exhibit 13 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Companys management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the Companys reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, such as this Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Companys disclosure controls and procedures are effective to satisfy the objectives for which they are designed.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, together with the report thereon of Crowe LLP is included in TrustCos Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019, which is filed as Exhibit 13 hereto, are incorporated herein by reference.

There have been no changes in the Companys internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the Companys quarter ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.
Other Information

None.

PART III

Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the disclosure under the headings Information on TrustCo Directors and Nominees and Information on TrustCo Executive Officers and Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance in the Companys Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Companys fiscal year-end. TrustCo has adopted a code of conduct that applies to all employees, including its principal executive, financial and accounting officers. A copy of this code of conduct will be provided without charge upon written request. Requests and inquiries should be directed to: Robert M. Leonard, Executive Vice President, TrustCo Bank Corp NY, P.O. Box 1082, Schenectady, New York 12301-1082. The required information regarding TrustCos executive officers is contained in PART I in the item captioned Executive Officers of TrustCo.

Item 11.
Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Companys fiscal year-end.

26

Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Companys fiscal year-end. Additional information concerning the Companys equity compensation plans is set forth in Part II, Item 5 hereof.

The following table provides information, as of December 31, 2019, regarding securities authorized for issuance under TrustCos equity compensation plans.

Plan category
 
Number of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
(a)
   
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding
options, warrants and rights
(b)
   
Number of
securities
remaining
available for future
issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected
in column (a))
(c)
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
   
519,091
   
$
6.67
     
1,696,794
 
Equity compensation plan not approved by security holders
   
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Total
   
519,091
   
$
6.67
     
1,696,794
 

Item 13.
Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence

The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Companys fiscal year-end.

Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A) for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Companys fiscal year-end.

PART IV

Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

The following financial statements of TrustCo and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the accountants report thereon are filed as a part of this report.

Consolidated Statements of Condition -- December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Consolidated Statements of Income -- Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

27

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income -- Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity -- Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows -- Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Financial Statement Schedules

Not Applicable. All required schedules for TrustCo and its subsidiaries have been included in the consolidated financial statements or related notes thereto.

Supplementary Financial Information

Summary of Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Exhibits

Exhibit No.
Description
   
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TrustCo Bank Corp NY,  incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2019.
   
Amended and Restated Bylaws of TrustCo Bank Corp NY, dated May 23, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2019.
   
Amended and Restated Trust For Deferred Benefits Provided under Employment Agreements of Trustco Bank, National Association and TrustCo Bank Corp NY, dated September 18, 2001 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2001.
   
Amended and Restated Trust Under Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plans of Trustco Bank, National Association and TrustCo Bank Corp NY, dated September 18, 2001, incorporated by reference to, Exhibit 10(c) to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2001.
   
Amended and Restated Trustco Bank and TrustCo Bank Corp NY Supplemental Retirement Plan, effective as of January 1, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 22, 2008.
   
Second Amended and Restated TrustCo Bank Corp NY Performance Bonus Plan, effective as of January 1, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 22, 2008.
   
Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated TrustCo Bank Corp NY Performance Bonus Plan, effective January 1, 2010, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(e) to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 19, 2010.

28


Form of 2008 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Trustco Bank, TrustCo Bank Corp NY and Robert J. McCormick, Robert T. Cushing and Scot R. Salvador, effective as of January 1, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.8 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 22, 2008.
 
 
Second Amended and Restated TrustCo Bank Corp NY Directors Performance Bonus Plan, effective as of January 1, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 22, 2008.
 
 
Amendment No. 1, Second Amended and Restated TrustCo Bank Corp NY Directors Performance Bonus Plan, effective January 1, 2010, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(f) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 19, 2010.
 
 
Amended and Restated Trustco Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors, effective as of January 1, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 22, 2008.
 
 
Service Bureau Processing Agreement by and between Fidelity Information Services, Inc. and TrustCo Bank Corp NY dated March 3, 2004 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarter ended March 31, 2004.
 
 
Agreement between Fiserv Solutions, Inc. and Trustco Bank, National Association, dated November 14, 2001 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(o) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2001.
 
 
Restatement of Trustco Bank Senior Incentive Plan, effective as of January 1, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.9 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 22, 2008.
 
 
Form of Amendments to 2008 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Trustco Bank, TrustCo Bank Corp NY and each of Robert J. McCormick, Robert T. Cushing and Scot R. Salvador, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 17, 2009.
 
 
First Amendment to Restatement of Trustco Bank Senior Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 18, 2009.
 
 
Amended and Restated TrustCo Bank Corp NY 2010 Equity Incentive Plan dated as of March 21, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 24, 2017.
 
 
Amended and Restated 2010 Directors Equity Incentive Plan dated March 17, 2015, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 23, 2015.
 
 
Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 20, 2015.
 
 
Director Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement dated November 15, 2011, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 18, 2011.

29


Form of Performance Share Award Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 18, 2016.
   
Employment Agreement among Trustco Bank, TrustCo Bank Corp NY And Robert M. Leonard, effective November 19, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2013.
   
Performance-Based Stock Appreciation Unit Agreement dated as of January 21, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 24, 2014.
   
Trustco Bank Executive Officer Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of February 16, 2016), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NYs Form 8-K filed February 17, 2016.
   
Consulting Agreement between TrustCo Bank Corp NY and Robert T. Cushing effective December 22, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 22, 2017.
   
Form of 2017 Performance Share Award Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 27, 2017.
   
Form of 2017 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 27, 2017.
   
Form of 2017 Directors Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Directors Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2017.
   
Form of 2018 Performance Share Award Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 23, 2018.
   
Form of 2018 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 23, 2018.
   
Form of 2018 Directors Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 23, 2018.
   
Form of Employment Agreement between TrustCo Bank Corp NY and each of Kevin M. Curley and Michael M. Ozimek, effective December 18, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 18, 2018.
   
Form of 2019 Performance Share Award Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 20, 2019.

30


Form of 2019 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 20, 2019.
 
 
Form of 2019 Directors Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the TrustCo Bank Corp NY 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 20, 2019.
 
 
Computation of Net Income Per Common Share. Note 11 of TrustCo’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019 is incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
Portions of Annual Report to Security Holders of TrustCo for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 
 
List of Subsidiaries of TrustCo.
 
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
 
Power of Attorney.
 
 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Robert J. McCormick, principal executive officer.
 
 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Michael M. Ozimek, principal financial officer.
 
 
Section 1350 Certifications of Robert J. McCormick, principal executive officer and Michael M. Ozimek, principal financial officer.
 
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
 
 
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
 
 
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
 
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and Contained in Exhibit 101)

*
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

**
Filed herewith.

Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary

Not applicable.

31


SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

TrustCo Bank Corp NY
   
Date: February 28, 2020
By:
/s/ Michael M. Ozimek
 
   
Michael M. Ozimek
 
   
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name and Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Robert J. McCormick
       
Robert J. McCormick
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
 
February 28, 2020
         
/s/ Michael M. Ozimek
       
Michael M. Ozimek
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial and accounting officer)
 
February 28, 2020
         
*
       
Dennis A. DeGennaro
 
Chairman
 
February 28, 2020
         
*
       
Brian C. Flynn
 
Director
 
February 28, 2020
         
*
       
Thomas O. Maggs
 
Director
 
February 28, 2020
         
*
       
Dr. Anthony J. Marinello
 
Director
 
February 28, 2020
         
*
       
William D. Powers
 
Director
 
 February 28, 2020
         
*
       
Lisa M. Lucarelli
 
Director
 
February 28, 2020

*
/s/ Robert M. Leonard
By:
 
 
Robert M. Leonard, as Agent
 
Pursuant to Power of Attorney



32


Exhibit 13

GRAPHIC

TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “Company,” or “TrustCo”) is a savings and loan holding company headquartered in Glenville, New York.  The Company is the largest financial services company headquartered in the Capital Region of New York State, and its principal subsidiary, Trustco Bank (the “Bank” or “Trustco”), operates 148 community banking offices and 162 Automatic Teller Machines throughout the Bank’s market areas.  The Company serves 5 states and 32 counties with a broad range of community banking services.

Financial Highlights

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
Percent Change
 
Income:
                 
Net interest income
 
$
155,807
   
$
160,686
     
(3.04
)%
Net Income
   
57,840
     
61,445
     
(5.87
)
Per Share:
                       
Basic earnings
   
0.597
     
0.637
     
(6.28
)
Diluted earnings
   
0.597
     
0.636
     
(6.13
)
Book value at period end
   
5.55
     
5.07
     
9.47
 
Average Balances:
                       
Assets
   
5,161,820
     
4,900,450
     
5.33
 
Loans, net
   
3,926,199
     
3,746,082
     
4.81
 
Deposits
   
4,409,060
     
4,206,577
     
4.81
 
Shareholders' equity
   
513,489
     
470,814
     
9.06
 
Financial Ratios:
                       
Return on average assets
   
1.12
%
   
1.25
%
   
(10.40
)
Return on average equity
   
11.26
     
13.05
     
(13.72
)
Consolidated tier 1 capital to:
                       
Total assets (leverage)
   
10.25
     
10.13
     
1.18
 
Risk-adjusted assets
   
18.99
     
18.79
     
1.06
 
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio
   
18.99
     
18.79
     
1.06
 
Total capital to risk-adjusted assets
   
20.24
     
20.05
     
0.95
 
Net loans charged off to average loans
   
0.0002
     
0.0002
     
-
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans
   
2.12
x
   
1.79
x
   
18.44
 
Efficiency ratio*
   
56.13
%
   
53.97
%
   
4.00
 
Dividend Payout ratio
   
45.60
     
42.02
     
8.52
 

Per Share information of common stock

                         
Range of Stock
 
   
Basic
   
Diluted
   
Cash
   
Book
   
Price
 
   
Earnings
   
Earnings
   
Dividend
   
Value
   
High
   
Low
 
                                     
2019
                                   
First quarter
 
$
0.150
   
$
0.150
   
$
0.0681
   
$
5.18
   
$
8.60
   
$
6.91
 
Second quarter
   
0.152
     
0.151
     
0.0681
     
5.32
     
8.22
     
7.38
 
Third quarter
   
0.152
     
0.152
     
0.0681
     
5.42
     
8.34
     
7.48
 
Fourth quarter
   
0.143
     
0.143
     
0.0681
     
5.55
     
9.03
     
7.89
 
                                                 
2018
                                               
First quarter
 
$
0.154
   
$
0.153
   
$
0.0656
   
$
4.80
   
$
9.33
   
$
8.25
 
Second quarter
   
0.160
     
0.160
     
0.0656
     
4.87
     
9.35
     
8.35
 
Third quarter
   
0.157
     
0.157
     
0.0681
     
4.93
     
9.45
     
8.35
 
Fourth quarter
   
0.166
     
0.166
     
0.0681
     
5.07
     
8.53
     
6.51
 

*The Efficiency Ratio is determined by a method other than in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which is presented in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation presented herein.

Page 1 of 98


Financial Highlights
1
   
President’s Message
3
   
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
4-32
   
Glossary of Terms
32-34
   
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
35
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
36-38
   
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes
39-87
   
Branch Locations
88-93
   
Officers and Board of Directors
94-95
   
General Information
96-97
   
Share Price Information
98

TrustCo Bank Corp NY Mission
The Mission of TrustCo Bank Corp NY is to provide an above-average return to our owners in a manner consistent with our commitment to all stakeholders of the Company and its primary subsidiary, Trustco Bank, including customers, employees, community, regulators and shareholders.

Page 2 of 98


GRAPHIC

President’s Message
Dear fellow shareholder:

Our company is now the “hometown bank” to more people than ever before.  Our team originated an impressive number of loans bank-wide in 2019 and our Florida region crossed a major mortgage milestone.  We now have over a billion dollars in loans in the great State of Florida.  We could not be more proud of the people who made this success possible and we could not be more pleased that this success is driving excellent shareholder value.

Investors increasingly are focused upon corporate sustainability.  This means different things to different people, but for us, the meaning is clear and the state of our achievement of it is readily ascertained.  Beginning in 1902, Trustco Bank built a venerable financial institution on a foundation of quality banking products delivered at a fair price.  Upon that solid foundation, and with the support of investors like yourselves, we constructed and refined an efficient and modern bank that remains committed to the same bedrock principles.  In other words, the means and methods have changed, but the heart of what we do has not.  By any definition, it is fair to call that sustainability.

To be specific on means and methods, we have improved and enhanced our technology from the platform through which we originate loans, to the teller platforms in our branches where we take deposits, to the mobile devices that enable our customers to easily integrate banking into their busy daily lives.  Importantly, all of this has been done with keen focus on data protection.  We have adapted the way we do business in order to sustain the core franchise.

And because we know these things are important to all of our stakeholders, we are making it easier to obtain up-to-date information about all of the many things that we do that enhance our sustainability.  I am pleased to unveil our new Corporate Sustainability page at www.trustcobank.com/sustainability.  There, you will be able to read about social and environmental initiatives such as our partnership with a local not-for-profit on financial literacy, our developing emergency savings initiative, our use of LED light bulbs, and our use and support of electric cars.  We also continue to enhance disclosure regarding our corporate governance in the Annual Proxy Statement.

As has always been the case, our people are our most valuable asset.  We are pleased to celebrate the diversity of a workforce that is truly reflective of the diverse communities that we serve through our network of nearly 150 branches in 5 states.  This year we have strengthened our employee tuition reimbursement program, enhanced our longevity recognition and reward program, and developed a new mentoring program, under my personal supervision, through which new assistant manager-level employees meet regularly for professional development with me and the company’s executive vice presidents.

The success of our sustainability efforts is evident in the financial reporting that follows.  Loans and deposits were both up in 2019 over 2018, non-performing assets declined over 15.8% during the same period, and we continue to enjoy the benefits of an excellent efficiency ratio. Furthermore, return on average equity was excellent in 2019 at 11.26%, while return on average assets also exceeded expectations given relevant economic factors in 2019 at 1.12%.

We are saddened this year by the loss of two long-time supporters of the bank, former directors Richard Murray and John Morris.  Also in 2019, we continued to build depth in our management team by promoting to Vice President Stacy Marble in our Operations Department, Jennifer Meadows, our Bank Secrecy Act Officer, and Adam Roselan our head of Marketing.  Please join me in wishing them long tenure and rewarding achievement.

Thank you for the trust you have placed in the Trustco team.  We look forward with great enthusiasm to the challenges of the new decade ahead and beyond.

Yours sincerely,

GRAPHIC

Robert J. McCormick
Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer
TrustCo Bank Corp NY

Page 3 of 98


GRAPHIC

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The financial review which follows will focus on the factors affecting the financial condition and results of operations of TrustCo during 2019 and, in summary form, the two preceding years.  Unless otherwise indicated, net interest income and net interest margin are presented in this discussion on a non-GAAP, taxable equivalent basis.  Balances discussed are daily averages unless otherwise described.  The consolidated financial statements and related notes and the quarterly reports to shareholders for 2019 should be read in conjunction with this review.  Reclassifications of prior year data are made where necessary to conform to the current year’s presentation.

TrustCo made significant progress in 2019 despite a challenging operating environment and mixed economic conditions.  Among the key results for 2019, in management’s view:

Net income after taxes was $57.8 million or $0.597 diluted earnings per share in 2019;

Period-end loans were up $188 million for 2019 compared to the prior year;

Period-end deposits were up $176 million for 2019 compared to the prior year;

Nonperforming assets declined $4.2 million or 15.8% to $22.4 million from year-end 2018 to year-end 2019;

At 56.13%, the efficiency ratio remained better than our peer-group levels (see Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation), and;

The regulatory capital levels of both the Company and the Bank improved at December 31, 2019 relative to the prior year, and the Bank continues to meet the definition of “well capitalized” for regulatory purposes.

Management believes that the Company was able to achieve these accomplishments, despite a continued mixed economy and increased regulatory expectations, by executing its long term plan focused on traditional lending criteria and balance sheet management.  Achievement of specific business goals such as the continued expansion of loans and deposits, along with tight control of operating expenses and manageable levels of nonperforming assets, is fundamental to the long term success of the Company as a whole.

Return on average equity was 11.26% in 2019 compared to 13.05% in 2018, while return on average assets was 1.12% in 2019 as compared to 1.25% in 2018.

The economic and business environment generally improved during 2019 but remains mixed with various regions of the nation experiencing uneven growth or change during the year.  Real gross domestic product (“GDP”) increased at an annual rate of 2.1% during the third quarter of 2019, the latest available information, compared to annual growth in 2018 and 2017 when GDP increased by 2.5% and 2.2% respectively.  The annual growth rate for GDP remains below the range exhibited during the robust growth periods experienced during the 1980’s and 1990’s.  However GDP growth of approximately 2% is normally considered an expanding US market and consistent with the Federal Reserve Board’s target for economic expansion.  Equity markets had a very significant increase in 2019 with growth of 25.3% in the Down Jones Industrial Average compared to a negative 3.5% in 2018.  The S&P 500 likewise was up 33.1% in 2019 as trade and tariff negotiations continued alongside a backdrop of political uncertainty in the United States and the upcoming election season.  Continued uncertainty relative to the longevity of the current economic expansion and the potential for  recession hung over markets throughout the year.  Though neither came to pass the potential of such an outcome had a moderating impact on investors.  United States Treasuries continued to experience a significantly flat yield curve during 2019 compared to historical norms with short term yields ending 2019 at 1.55%, only 37bp behind the 10 year treasury yield at year end of 1.92%.  These yields were down from 2018 year end yields of 2.45% for the 3 month treasury and 2.69% for the 10 year treasury yields.  These rates are important to the banking industry because deposit rates tend to track the changes in the shorter term treasury markets and the mortgage loans products tend to track with the 10 year treasury yields.  Beginning 2019 the yield on the 2 year Treasury bond was 2.48% and decreased 90 basis points during the year to close 2019 at 1.58% whereas the 10 year Treasury bond began 2019 at 2.69% and closed the year down 77 basis points to 1.92% at year-end.  These rate changes have a significant implication to the broader economic cycle and reflect the Federal Reserve Board’s desire to decrease shorter term rates to help continue the economic expansion and provide for target levels of employment.
Page 4 of 98


The outlook for the United States economy is complicated by political uncertainties domestically and internationally, which has led to trade disruptions and anticipation of economic slowdowns.  Corporate profits for 2019 have continued to be enhanced as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) which reduced the overall federal corporate tax rates on business operating in the United States.  Growth in business operations and expansion of corporate activities will be necessary for broad range increases in revenues and profits.

Employment increased and unemployment generally decreased during 2019 as workers reentered the workforce and companies expanded operations to accommodate economic growth and demand for their products and services.  The unemployment rate has reached historical lows, which is generally interpreted to mean that the economy has reached full employment, which in turn historically has been an indicator of increased wage pressure and increased inflation.  The Federal Reserve Board action to decrease short term rates is to help offset the impact of these potentially negative factors in the economy.

Generally, a steady increase in economic activities is viewed as a positive for the banking and finance industries as economic growth creates additional demand for company goods and services, which in turn result in increased revenues and profits.  TrustCo like most other banking organizations prices many of their liabilities (deposits and short term debt) off of the shorter end of the Treasury maturity curve.  The average for the 3 month treasury was 14bp higher in 2019 than in 2018 with the median yield of 2.17% in 2019 up 22bp over 2018.  These trends generally reflect an increase in the cost for deposit products that price off of the short term treasury market yields.  While at the same time the average yield of the 10 year treasury has decreased to 2.14% in 2019 down 77bp from 2018 when the average was 2.91%.  Generally longer term loans are priced consistent with the changes in the 10 year treasury markets.  The two trends – generally higher shorter term rates coupled with decreases in longer term rates – could continue to put pressure on banking margins in the future.  These two trends are somewhat mitigated by the year end results, which showed the spread between shorter term treasury yields and longer term treasury yields widening.  Should this continue, this would generally be positive for banking industry margins.

Management believes that TrustCo’s long term focus on traditional banking services has enabled the Company to avoid significant impact from asset quality problems, and the Company’s strong liquidity and solid capital positions have allowed the Company to continue to conduct business in a manner consistent with past practices.  While we continue to adhere to prudent underwriting standards, as a lender, we may be adversely impacted by general economic weaknesses and by a downturn in the housing markets in the areas we serve.

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that affected our results in 2017, 2018 and 2019 and that will affect future periods.  Among the Tax Act’s changes is a reduction of the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%.  The lower tax rate will have a significant beneficial impact on the Company’s results going forward, but also resulted in the revaluation of net deferred tax assets on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, based on the lower tax rate.  Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through income tax expense as changes in tax laws are enacted.  The rate reduction was effective January 1, 2018.  Included in results for the fourth quarter and full year 2017 is a reduction in the value of net deferred tax assets of $5.1 million, which was recorded as additional income tax expense for the quarter ended December 31, 2017.  This charge had a negative impact on reported net income, earnings per share, return on average equity and return on average assets for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2017.

Overview

2019 results were marked by continued growth in the Company’s loan portfolio.  The loan portfolio grew to a total of $4.06 billion, an increase of $188 million or 4.9% over the 2018 year-end balance.  Deposits ended 2019 at $4.45 billion, up from $4.27 billion the prior year-end.  The year-over-year increases in loans reflect the success the Company has had in attracting customers to the Bank.  Management believes that TrustCo’s success is predicated on providing core banking services to a wider number of customers and continuing to provide added services to existing customers where possible.  Growing the customer base should contribute to continued growth of loans and deposits, as well as net interest income and non-interest income.

TrustCo recorded net income of $57.8 million or $0.597 of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $61.4 million or $0.636 of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2018.  Net income before taxes was $76.5 million in 2019 compared to $79.7 million in 2018.

During 2019, the following had a significant effect on net income:

a decrease of $4.9 million in net interest income from 2018 to 2019 primarily as a result of a 0.37% growth in average interest bearing liabilities due to offering competitive shorter term time deposit and money market rates, partially offset by increases in interest income due to loan growth;
Page 5 of 98


a decrease of $1.2 million in the provision for loan losses to $159 thousand in 2019, and;
an increase in non-interest income of $510 thousand.

TrustCo performed well in comparison to its peers with respect to a number of key performance ratios during 2019 and 2018, including:

return on average equity of 11.26% for 2019 and 13.05% for 2018, compared to medians of 10.51% in 2019 and 10.43% in 2018 for a peer group comprised of all publicly traded banks and thrifts tracked by S&P Global Market Intelligence Financial with assets of $2 billion to $10 billion, and
an efficiency ratio, as calculated by S&P Global Market Intelligence, of 56.13% for 2019 and 53.97% for 2018, compared to the peer group medians of 57.84% in 2019 and 58.49% in 2018.  Note that the S&P calculation differs slightly from our calculation.

During 2019, TrustCo’s results were affected by the growth of deposits, strong loan growth and a shift in asset mix.  Despite the changes in the interest rate environment during 2019, the Company was able to continue to attract deposits.  On average for 2019, non-maturity deposits were 69.0% of total deposits, down from 73.8% in 2018 as a result of offering competitive shorter term time deposit rates.  Overall, the cost of interest bearing liabilities increased 37 basis points to 0.88% in 2019 as compared to 2018.  Average loan balances increased 4.8% from 2018 to 2019, while the total of short-term investments, available for sale securities and held to maturity securities increased 2.0%, resulting in average net loans growing to 78.2% of average earning assets in 2019 from 77.7% in 2018.  The Company has traditionally maintained a high liquidity position and taken a conservative stance in its investment portfolio through the use of relatively short-term securities.  The changing rate environment in 2019 resulted in maturing and called securities being reinvested, as noted, in loans as well as into a combination of Federal funds and bonds.  The Federal Reserve Board’s (“FRB”) continued accommodative monetary policy, along with steady economic growth domestically and low rates in other nations, were key drivers of the rate environment during 2019.  The 2007-2008 easing of monetary policy by the FRB included a particularly sharp reduction in the Federal Funds rate in 2008, from the 4.25% rate at the beginning of the year to a target range of 0.00% to 0.25% by year-end.  That target range was in place throughout most of 2016. The FRB changed the target range several times beginning in December of 2016, with the target range now at 1.50% to 1.75%.

As discussed previously, some market interest rates moved significantly during the course of 2019, with both shorter term and longer term rates decreasing versus year-end 2018.  Overall, trends in market rates caused a flattening of the yield curve, on average, during the year.  The average daily spread between the ten year Treasury and the two year Treasury was 17 basis points in 2019, down from an average of 38 basis points in 2018 and 93 basis points in 2017.  The spread increased later in the year, ending 2019 at 34 basis points.  A more positive slope in the yield curve is generally beneficial for the Company’s earnings derived from its core mix of loans and deposits.

The tables below illustrate the range of key Treasury bond interest rates during 2018 and 2019.

 
3 Month T
Bill (BEY)
Yield(%)
   
2 Year T
Note
Yield(%)
   
5 Year T
Note
Yield(%)
   
10 Year T
Note
Yield(%)
   
10 Year -
2 Year
Spread(%)
 
2019
                                       
Beginning of Year
   
2.45
     
2.48
     
2.51
     
2.69
     
0.21
 
Peak
   
2.49
     
2.62
     
2.62
     
2.79
     
0.34
 
Trough
   
1.52
     
1.39
     
1.32
     
1.47
     
(0.04
)
End of Year
   
1.55
     
1.58
     
1.69
     
1.92
     
0.34
 
Average
   
2.11
     
1.97
     
1.95
     
2.14
     
0.17
 
Median
   
2.17
     
1.83
     
1.84
     
2.07
     
0.17
 
                                         
2018
                                       
Beginning of Year
   
1.44
     
1.92
     
2.25
     
2.46
     
0.51
 
Peak
   
2.45
     
2.98
     
3.09
     
3.24
     
0.78
 
Trough
   
1.39
     
1.94
     
2.25
     
2.44
     
0.11
 
End of Year
   
2.45
     
2.48
     
2.51
     
2.69
     
0.21
 
Average
   
1.97
     
2.53
     
2.75
     
2.91
     
0.38
 
Median
   
1.95
     
2.56
     
2.76
     
2.90
     
0.33
 

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence
Page 6 of 98


In addition to changes in interest rates, economic conditions have a significant impact on the allowance for loan losses.  The decrease in the provision for loan losses from $1.4 million in 2018 to $159 thousand in 2019 positively affected net income.  Net charge-offs decreased from $804 thousand in 2018 to $608 thousand in 2019.  Total nonperforming loans decreased $4.1million from 2018.  Details on nonperforming loans and net charge-offs are included in the notes to the financial statements.  The decline in the provision for loan losses is primarily a reflection of the improvement in the performance of the loan portfolio and economic conditions.

TrustCo focuses on providing high quality service to the communities served by its branch-banking network.  The financial results for the Company are influenced by economic events that affect those communities, as well as national economic trends, primarily interest rates, affecting the entire banking industry.

The Company remains focused on building its customer relationships, deposits and loans throughout its branch network, with a particular emphasis on the newest branches added to our “network.”

The Company continually looks for opportunities to open new offices each year by filling in or extending existing markets.  The Company has experienced continued growth in all markets as measured by the growth in deposit and loan balances.  All branches have the same products and features found at other Trustco Bank locations.  With a combination of competitive rates, excellent service and convenient locations, management believes that as branches mature, they will continue to attract deposit and loan customers.  As expected, some branches have grown more rapidly than others.  Generally, new bank branches continue to grow for years after being opened, although there is no specific time frame that could be characterized as typical.

Asset/Liability Management

In managing its balance sheet, TrustCo utilizes funding and capital sources within sound credit, investment, interest rate, and liquidity risk guidelines established by management and approved by the Board of Directors.  Loans and securities (including Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments) are the Company’s primary earning assets.  Average interest earning assets were 97.3% and 98.4% of average total assets for 2019 and for 2018 respectively.

TrustCo, through its management of liabilities, attempts to provide stable and flexible sources of funding within established liquidity and interest rate risk guidelines.  This is accomplished through core deposit banking products offered within the markets served by the Company.  TrustCo does not actively seek to attract out-of-area deposits or so-called “hot money,” but rather focuses on core relationships with both depositors and borrowers.

TrustCo’s objectives in managing its balance sheet are to limit the sensitivity of net interest income to actual or potential changes in interest rates and to enhance profitability through strategies that should provide sufficient reward for predicted and controlled risk.  The Company is deliberate in its efforts to maintain adequate liquidity under prevailing and projected economic conditions and to maintain an efficient and appropriate mix of core deposit relationships.  The Company relies on traditional banking investment instruments and its large base of core deposits to help in asset/liability management.  Predicting the impact of changing rates on the Company’s net interest income and net fair value of its balance sheet is complex and subject to uncertainty for a number of reasons.  For example, in making a general assumption that rates will rise, a myriad of other assumptions regarding whether the slope of the yield curve remains the same or changes, whether the spreads of various loans, deposits and investments remain unchanged, widen or narrow and what changes occur in customer behavior all need to be made.  The Company routinely models various rate changes and monitors basis changes that may be incorporated into that modeling.

Interest Rates

TrustCo competes with other financial service providers based upon many factors including quality of service, convenience of operations and rates paid on deposits and charged on loans.  The absolute level of interest rates, changes in rates and customers’ expectations with respect to the direction of interest rates have a significant impact on the volume of loan and deposit originations in any particular year.

Interest rates have a significant impact on the operations and financial results of all financial services companies.  One of the most important interest rates used to control national economic policy is the “Federal Funds” rate.  This is the interest rate utilized within the banking system for overnight borrowings for institutions with the highest credit rating.  As noted previously, during 2007-2008 the FRB aggressively reduced the Federal Funds rate, including a decrease from 4.25% at the beginning of 2008 to a target range of 0.00% to 0.25% by the end of 2008.  The target range remained at that level until December 2016 when the range was increased to 0.25% to 0.50%.  Subsequent increases and decreases have resulted in the current range of 1.50% to 1.75%.
Page 7 of 98


The yield on the ten-year Treasury bond decreased by 77 basis points from 2.69% at the beginning of 2019 to the year-end level of 1.92%.  The rate on the ten year Treasury bond and other long-term interest rates have a significant influence on the rates offered for new residential real estate loans.  These changes in interest rates have an effect on the Company relative to the interest income on loans, securities, and Federal Funds sold and on other short-term instruments as well as the interest expense on deposits and borrowings.  Residential real estate loans and longer-term investments are most affected by the changes in longer term market interest rates such as the ten-year Treasury.  The Federal Funds sold portfolio and other short-term investments are affected primarily by changes in the Federal Funds target rate.  Deposit interest rates are most affected by short term market interest rates.  Also, changes in interest rates have an effect on the recorded balance of the securities available for sale portfolio, which are recorded at fair value.  Generally, as market interest rates decrease, the fair value of the securities will increase and the reverse is also generally applicable.  Interest rates on new residential real estate loan originations are also influenced by the rates established by secondary market participants such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.  Because TrustCo is a portfolio lender and does not sell loans into the secondary market, the Company establishes rates that management determines are appropriate in light of the long-term nature of residential real estate loans while remaining competitive with the secondary market rates.  Higher market interest rates also generally increase the value of retail deposits.

The decrease in the Federal Funds target range had a negative impact on earnings on the Company’s cash position, the net effect of market changes in interest rates during 2019 was that yields earned on both the investment portfolios and loans remained quite low in 2019 relative to historic levels, while deposit costs, especially certificates of deposits, increased.

Earning Assets

Average earning assets during 2019 were $5.0 billion, which was an increase of $201.3 million from 2018.  This increase was the result of growth in the average balance of net loans of $180.1 million and securities available for sale of $43.0 million, offset by decreases of $17.9 million in Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments and $4.2 million in held-to-maturity securities between 2018 and 2019.  The increase in the loan portfolio is the result of a significant increase in residential mortgage loans, which more than offset net decreases in the other loan categories.  The increase in residential real estate loans is a result of a strategic focus on growth of this product throughout the Trustco Bank branch network through an effective marketing campaign and competitive rates and closing costs.

Total average assets were $5.2 billion for 2019 and $4.90 billion for 2018.

The table “Mix of Average Earning Assets” shows how the mix of the earning assets has changed over the last three years.  While the growth in earning assets is critical to improved profitability, changes in the mix also have a significant impact on income levels, as discussed below.
Page 8 of 98


MIX OF AVERAGE EARNING ASSETS

(dollars in thousands)
                   
2019
   
2018
   
Components of
 
                     
vs.
   
vs.
   
Total Earning Assets
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Loans, net
 
$
3,926,199
     
3,746,082
     
3,514,900
     
180,117
     
231,182
     
78.1
%
   
77.7
     
73.4
 
                                                                 
Securities available for sale (1):
                                                               
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
   
156,292
     
155,381
     
139,652
     
911
     
15,729
     
3.1
     
3.2
     
2.9
 
State and political subdivisions
   
167
     
414
     
682
     
(247
)
   
(268
)
   
-
     
-
     
-
 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations- residential
   
345,718
     
294,732
     
350,256
     
50,986
     
(55,524
)
   
6.9
     
6.1
     
7.3
 
Corporate bonds
   
34,637
     
30,310
     
41,946
     
4,327
     
(11,636
)
   
0.7
     
0.6
     
0.9
 
Small Business Administration-guaranteed participation securities
   
53,269
     
63,430
     
73,996
     
(10,161
)
   
(10,566
)
   
1.1
     
1.3
     
1.5
 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-commercial
   
-
     
2,769
     
9,963
     
(2,769
)
   
(7,194
)
   
-
     
0.1
     
0.2
 
Other
   
685
     
685
     
685
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Total securities available for sale
   
590,768
     
547,721
     
617,180
     
43,047
     
(69,459
)
   
11.8
     
11.3
     
12.9
 
                                                                 
Held-to-maturity securities:
                                                               
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations
   
20,643
     
24,801
     
31,266
     
(4,158
)
   
(6,465
)
   
0.4
     
0.5
     
0.7
 
Corporate bonds
   
-
     
-
     
6,663
     
-
     
(6,663
)
   
-
     
-
     
0.1
 
Total held-to-maturity securities
   
20,643
     
24,801
     
37,929
     
(4,158
)
   
(13,128
)
   
0.4
     
0.5
     
0.8
 
                                                                 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
9,123
     
8,907
     
9,295
     
216
     
(388
)
   
0.2
     
0.2
     
0.2
 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments
   
477,181
     
495,066
     
611,586
     
(17,885
)
   
(116,520
)
   
9.5
     
10.3
     
12.8
 
                                                                 
Total earning assets
 
$
5,023,914
     
4,822,577
     
4,790,890
     
201,337
     
31,687
     
100.0
%
   
100.0
     
100.0
 

(1) The average balances of securities available for sale are presented using amortized cost for these securities.

Loans

In 2019, the Company experienced another year of significant loan growth.  The $188.1 million increase in the Company’s gross loan portfolio from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019 was due to higher residential mortgage balances, which offset lower balances in other loan categories.  Average loans increased $180.1 million during 2019 to $3.93 billion.  Interest income on the loan portfolio increased to $166.6 million in 2019 from $158.3 million in 2018.  The average yield increased 1 basis point to 4.24% in 2019 compared to 2018.
Page 9 of 98


LOAN PORTFOLIO

(dollars in thousands)
 
As of December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
   
Amount
   
Percent
   
Amount
   
Percent
   
Amount
   
Percent
 
Commercial
 
$
181,635
     
4.5
%
 
$
183,598
     
4.7
%
 
$
176,385
     
4.9
%
Real estate - construction
   
28,532
     
0.7
     
26,717
     
0.7
     
30,946
     
0.9
 
Real estate - mortgage
   
3,573,106
     
87.9
     
3,362,539
     
86.8
     
3,111,397
     
85.6
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
267,922
     
6.6
     
289,540
     
7.5
     
308,916
     
8.5
 
Installment loans
   
11,001
     
0.3
     
11,702
     
0.3
     
8,763
     
0.2
 
Total loans
   
4,062,196
     
100.0
%
   
3,874,096
     
100.0
%
   
3,636,407
     
100.0
%
Less: Allowance for loan losses
   
44,317
             
44,766
             
44,170
         
Net loans (1)
 
$
4,017,879
           
$
3,829,330
           
$
3,592,237
         

 
Average Balances
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
2016
   
2015
 
   
Amount
   
Percent
   
Amount
   
Percent
   
Amount
   
Percent
   
Amount
   
Percent
   
Amount
   
Percent
 
Commercial
 
$
176,165
     
4.5
%
 
$
175,814
     
4.7
%
 
$
175,596
     
5.0
%
 
$
186,800
     
5.6
%
 
$
195,265
     
6.0
%
Real estate - construction
   
27,728
     
0.7
     
26,717
     
0.7
     
26,616
     
0.8
     
23,645
     
0.7
     
29,101
     
0.9
 
Real estate - mortgage
   
3,433,683
     
87.4
     
3,236,631
     
86.5
     
2,985,870
     
84.9
     
2,779,451
     
83.0
     
2,647,265
     
81.8
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
277,905
     
7.1
     
297,678
     
7.9
     
318,660
     
9.1
     
350,004
     
10.5
     
354,718
     
11.0
 
Installment loans
   
10,718
     
0.3
     
9,242
     
0.2
     
8,158
     
0.2
     
8,424
     
0.3
     
8,457
     
0.3
 
                                                                                 
Total loans
   
3,926,199
     
100.0
%
   
3,746,082
     
100.0
%
   
3,514,900
     
100.0
%
   
3,348,324
     
100.0
%
   
3,234,806
     
100.0
%
Less: Allowance for loan losses
   
44,639
             
44,651
             
44,319
             
44,718
             
46,023
         
Net loans (1)
 
$
3,881,560
           
$
3,701,431
           
$
3,470,581
           
$
3,303,606
           
$
3,188,783
         
 
(1) Presented net of deferred direct loan origination fees and costs.

Through marketing, pricing and a customer-friendly service delivery network, TrustCo has attempted to distinguish itself from other mortgage lenders by highlighting the uniqueness of its loan products.  Specifically, low closing costs, no escrow or private mortgage insurance, quick loan decisions and fast closings were identified and marketed.  The fact that the Company holds mortgages in its loan portfolio rather than selling them into secondary markets was also highlighted.  The average balance of residential real estate mortgage loans was approximately $3.45 billion in 2019 and approximately $3.25 billion in 2018.  Income on real estate loans increased to $142.0 million in 2019 from $133.9 million in 2018.  The yield on the portfolio remained flat at 4.12% in 2018 and 2019.  The vast majority of TrustCo’s real estate loans are secured by properties within the Bank’s market area.

TrustCo does not make subprime loans or purchase investments collateralized by subprime loans.  A loan may be considered subprime for a number of reasons, but effectively subprime loans are loans where the certainty of repayment of principal and interest is lower than for a traditional prime loan due to the structure of the loan itself, the credit worthiness of the borrower, the underwriting standards of the lender or some combination of these.  For instance, adjustable loans underwritten at initial low “teaser” rates instead of the fully indexed rate and loans to borrowers with poor payment history would generally be classified as subprime.  Other than for its small credit card portfolio, TrustCo underwrites its loan originations in a traditional manner, focusing on key factors that have proven to result in good credit decisions, rather than relying on automated systems or basing decisions primarily on one factor, such as a borrower’s credit score.

Average commercial loans of $191.6 million in 2019 increased by $3.3 million from $188.4 million in 2018.  Average commercial loans included $17.9 million and $12.5 million of commercial real estate construction loans in 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The average yield on the commercial loan portfolio increased to 5.35% for 2019 from 5.26% in 2018, which, coupled with the higher average balance resulted in interest income on commercial loans of $10.2 million in 2019 compared to $9.9 million in 2018.

TrustCo’s commercial lending activities are focused on balancing the Company’s commitment to meeting the credit needs of businesses in its market areas with the necessity of managing its credit risk.  In accordance with these goals, the Company has consistently emphasized the origination of loans within its market area. TrustCo’s commercial loan portfolio contains no foreign loans, nor does it contain any significant concentrations of credit to any single borrower or industry.  The Capital Region commercial loan portfolio reflects the diversity of businesses found in the market area, including light manufacturing, retail, service, and real estate-related businesses.  Commercial loans made in the downstate New York market area and in the central Florida market area also reflect the businesses in those areas, with a focus on real estate.

TrustCo strives to maintain strong asset quality in all segments of its loan portfolio, especially commercial loans.  There is significant competition for commercial loans in the Bank’s market regions.

TrustCo has a strong position in the home equity credit line product in its market area.  During 2019, the average balance of home equity credit lines was $277.9 million, a decrease from $297.7 million in 2018.  Trustco Bank competes with both regional and national concerns for these lines of credit and faces stiff competition with respect to interest rates, closing costs, and customer service for these loans.  TrustCo continuously reviews changes made by competitors with respect to the home equity credit line product and adjusts its offerings to remain competitive while meeting evolving needs.  Changes in consumer behavior have resulted in this product being somewhat less popular in recent years.  TrustCo’s average yield on this portfolio was 4.88% for 2019 and 4.56% in 2018.  Interest income on home equity credit lines has remained flat at $13.6 million in 2018 and 2019.

Page 10 of 98


MATURITIES AND SENSITIVITIES OF LOANS TO CHANGE IN INTEREST RATES

(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2019
 
         
After 1 Year
             
   
In 1 Year
   
But Within
   
After
       
   
or Less
   
5 Years
   
5 Years
   
Total
 
Commercial
 
$
36,160
     
61,169
     
84,306
     
181,635
 
Real estate construction
   
28,532
     
-
     
-
     
28,532
 
                                 
Total
   
64,692
     
61,169
     
84,306
     
210,167
 
                                 
Predetermined rates
   
21,808
     
61,169
     
84,306
     
167,283
 
Floating rates
   
42,884
     
-
     
-
     
42,884
 
                                 
Total
 
$
64,692
     
61,169
     
84,306
     
210,167
 

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had approximately $28.5 million and $26.7 million of real estate construction loans, respectively.  Of the $28.5 million in real estate construction loans at December 31, 2019, approximately $10.7 million were secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers with the remaining $17.8 million were loans to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects.  Of the $26.7 million in real estate construction loans at December 31, 2018, approximately $14.2 million were secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers while approximately $12.5 million were to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects.  The vast majority of the Company’s construction loans are in the Company’s New York market.

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

(dollars in thousands)
 
As of December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
 
Securities available for sale:
                                   
U. S. government sponsored enterprises
 
$
104,895
     
104,512
     
154,868
     
152,160
     
139,890
     
137,851
 
State and political subdivisions
   
160
     
162
     
168
     
173
     
515
     
525
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
   
388,537
     
389,517
     
271,386
     
262,032
     
320,614
     
315,983
 
Corporate bonds
   
30,164
     
30,436
     
30,048
     
29,938
     
40,270
     
40,162
 
Small Business Adminstration-guaranteed participation securities
   
48,991
     
48,511
     
58,376
     
56,475
     
68,921
     
67,059
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-commercial
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
9,810
     
9,700
 
Other
   
685
     
685
     
685
     
685
     
685
     
685
 
Total securities available for sale
   
573,432
     
573,823
     
515,531
     
501,463
     
580,705
     
571,965
 
Held to maturity securities:
                                               
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
   
18,618
     
19,680
     
22,501
     
22,924
     
27,551
     
28,701
 
Total held to maturity securities
   
18,618
     
19,680
     
22,501
     
22,924
     
27,551
     
28,701
 
Total investment securities
 
$
592,050
     
593,503
     
538,032
     
524,387
     
608,256
     
600,666
 

Securities available for sale: The portfolio of securities available for sale is designed to provide a stable source of interest income and liquidity.  The portfolio is also managed by the Company to take advantage of changes in interest rates and is particularly important in providing greater flexibility in the current low interest rate environment.  The securities available for sale portfolio is managed under a policy detailing the types and characteristics acceptable in the portfolio.  Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations held in the portfolio include only pass-throughs issued by United States government agencies or sponsored enterprises.
Page 11 of 98


Holdings of various types of securities may vary from year-to-year depending on management’s assessment of relative risk and reward, and also due to timing issues of call, maturities, prepayments and purchases.  Holdings of both municipal and corporate securities are subject to additional monitoring requirements under current regulations, adding to the costs of owning those securities.

Proceeds from sales, calls and maturities of securities available for sale have been invested in higher yielding assets, such as loans, or temporarily held in Federal Funds sold and other short term investments until deployed to fund future loan growth or future investment opportunities.

The designation of securities as “available for sale” is made at the time of purchase, based upon management’s intent and ability to hold the securities for an indefinite period of time.  These securities are available for sale in response to changes in market interest rates, related changes in prepayment risk, needs for liquidity, or changes in the availability of and yield on alternative investments.  At December 31, 2019 some securities in this portfolio had fair values that were less than the amortized cost due to changes in interest rates and market conditions and not related to the credit condition of the issuers.  At December 31, 2019, the Company did not intend to sell, and it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell these securities before market recovery.  Accordingly, at December 31, 2019 the Company did not consider any of the unrealized losses to be other than temporary.

At December 31, 2019, the carrying value of securities available for sale amounted to $573.8 million, compared to $501.5 million at year end 2018.  For 2019, the average balance of securities available for sale was $590.8 million with an average yield of 2.32%, compared to an average balance in 2018 of $547.7 million with an average yield of 2.16%.  The taxable equivalent income earned on the securities available for sale portfolio in 2018 was $11.8 million, compared to $13.7 million earned in 2019.

Securities available for sale are recorded at their fair value, with any unrealized gains or losses, net of taxes, recognized as a component of shareholders’ equity.  Average balances of securities available for sale are stated at amortized cost.  At December 31, 2019, the fair value of TrustCo’s portfolio of securities available for sale carried gross unrealized gains of approximately $2.8 million and gross unrealized losses of approximately $2.4 million.  At December 31, 2018, the fair value of TrustCo’s portfolio of securities available for sale carried gross unrealized gains of approximately $58 thousand and gross unrealized losses of approximately $14.1 million.  As previously noted, in both periods, unrealized losses were related to market interest rate levels and were not credit related.

Held to Maturity Securities: At December 31, 2019 the Company held $18.6 million of held to maturity securities, compared to $22.5 million at December 31, 2018.  For 2019, the average balance of held to maturity securities was $20.6 million, compared to $24.8 million in 2018.  Similar to securities available for sale, cash flow from these securities has been reinvested in higher yielding assets, such as loans, or temporarily held in Federal Funds sold and other short term investments to fund future loan growth or future investment opportunities.  The average yield on held to maturity securities decreased slightly from 3.88% in 2018 to 3.86% in 2019 as the mix within the portfolio changed due primarily to normal paydowns and prepayments on the mortgage-backed securities held in the portfolio.  Interest income on held to maturity securities declined from $962 thousand in 2018 to $797 thousand in 2019, reflecting the decline in average balances.  Held to maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost.  The fair value of these securities as of December 31, 2019 was $19.7 million.

The designation of securities as “held to maturity” is made at the time of purchase, based upon management’s intent and ability to hold the securities until final maturity.  At December 31, 2019 there were no unrecognized losses on securities in this portfolio.

Securities Gains: During 2019, 2018 and 2017, TrustCo did not recognize any net gains from securities transactions.  There were no sales or transfers of held to maturity securities in 2019, 2018 and 2017.

TrustCo has not invested in any exotic investment products such as interest rate swaps, forward placement contracts, or other instruments commonly referred to as derivatives.  In addition, the Company has not invested in securities backed by subprime mortgages or in collateralized debt obligations (CDOs).  By actively managing a portfolio of high quality securities, TrustCo believes it can meet the objectives of asset/liability management and liquidity, while at the same time producing a reasonably predictable earnings stream.
Page 12 of 98


SECURITIES PORTFOLIO MATURITY DISTRIBUTION AND YIELD

(dollars in thousands)
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
   
Maturing:
 
         
After 1
   
After 5
             
   
Within
   
But Within
   
But Within
   
After
       
Debt securities available for sale:
 
1 Year
   
5 Years
   
10 Years
   
10 Years
   
Total
 
                               
U. S. government sponsored enterprises
                             
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
84,895
     
20,000
     
-
     
104,895
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
84,653
     
19,859
     
-
     
104,512
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
1.65
     
3
     
-
     
1.85
 
State and political subdivisions
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
7
     
135
     
18
     
-
     
160
 
Fair Value
   
7
     
137
     
18
     
-
     
162
 
Weighted average yield
   
5.23
%
   
5.19
     
5.27
     
-
     
5.22
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
317,752
     
7,726
     
63,060
     
388,538
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
319,073
     
7,812
     
62,632
     
389,517
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
2.49
     
3.60
     
2.60
     
2.57
 
Corporate bonds
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
9,990
     
20,174
     
-
     
-
     
30,164
 
Fair Value
   
10,038
     
20,398
     
-
     
-
     
30,436
 
Weighted average yield
   
3.01
%
   
3.40
     
-
     
-
     
3.27
 
Small Business Administration-guaranteed participation securities
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
48,991
     
-
     
-
     
48,991
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
48,511
     
-
     
-
     
48,511
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
2.08
     
-
     
-
     
2.08
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-commercial
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Other
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
35
     
650
     
-
     
-
     
685
 
Fair Value
   
35
     
650
     
-
     
-
     
685
 
Weighted average yield
   
0.03
%
   
3.13
     
-
     
-
     
3.13
 
Total securities available for sale
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
10,032
     
472,597
     
27,744
     
63,060
     
573,433
 
Fair Value
   
10,080
     
473,422
     
27,689
     
62,632
     
573,823
 
Weighted average yield
   
3.01
%
   
2.33
     
2.91
     
2.60
     
2.43
 
                                         
Held to maturity securities:
                                       
U. S. government sponsored enterprises
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
132
     
874
     
17,612
     
18,618
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
136
     
896
     
18,648
     
19,680
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
5.63
     
3.10
     
5
     
5.18
 
Corporate bonds
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Total held to maturity securities
                                       
Amortized cost
 
$
-
     
132
     
874
     
17,612
     
18,618
 
Fair Value
   
-
     
136
     
896
     
18,648
     
19,680
 
Weighted average yield
   
-
%
   
5.63
     
3.10
     
5
     
5.18
 

Weighted average yields have not been adjusted for any tax-equivalent factor.

Maturity and call dates of securities: Many of the securities in the Company’s portfolios have a call date in addition to the stated maturity date.  Call dates allow the issuer to redeem the bonds prior to maturity at specified dates and at predetermined prices.  Normally, securities are redeemed at the call date when the issuer can reissue the security at a lower interest rate.  Therefore, for cash flow, liquidity and interest rate management purposes, it is important to monitor both maturity dates and call dates.  The level of calls in 2019 was higher than the 2018 level, as decreasing interest rates increase the probability of calls.  The probability of future calls will change depending on market interest rate levels.  The tables labeled “Securities Portfolio Maturity and Call Date Distribution,” show the distribution, based on both final maturity and call date of each security, broken out by the available for sale and held to maturity portfolios as of December 31, 2019.  Mortgage backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and Small Business Administration securities are reported using an estimate of average life.  Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because of securities’ prepayments and the right of certain issuers to call or prepay their obligations without penalty.  The table, “Securities Portfolio Maturity Distribution and Yield,” shows the distribution of maturities for each of the securities portfolios, based on final maturity, as well as the average yields at December 31, 2019 on each type/maturity grouping.
Page 13 of 98


SECURITIES PORTFOLIO MATURITY AND CALL DATE DISTRIBUTION

Debt securities available for sale:

(dollars in thousands)
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
   
Based on
   
Based on
 
   
Final Maturity
   
Call Date
 
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
 
Within 1 year
 
$
10,032
     
10,081
     
120,003
     
119,732
 
1 to 5 years
   
105,911
     
105,900
     
382,625
     
383,629
 
5 to 10 years
   
35,332
     
35,307
     
7,744
     
7,830
 
After 10 years
   
422,157
     
422,535
     
63,060
     
62,632
 
Total debt securities available for sale
 
$
573,432
     
573,823
     
573,432
     
573,823
 

Held to maturity securities:

(dollars in thousands)
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
   
Based on
   
Based on
 
   
Final Maturity
   
Call Date
 
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
 
1 to 5 years
 
$
132
     
136
     
16,693
     
17,552
 
5 to 10 years
   
874
     
896
     
1,925
     
2,128
 
After 10 years
   
17,612
     
18,648
     
-
     
-
 
Total held to maturity securities
 
$
18,618
     
19,680
     
18,618
     
19,680
 

Federal Funds Sold and Other Short-term Investments

During 2019, the average balance of Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments was $477.2 million, a decrease from $495.1 million in 2018.  The average rate earned on these assets was 1.87% in 2018 and 2.2% in 2019.  The increase in the average rate in 2019 was due to the increases in the Federal Funds target range that were implemented during 2018, partially offset by decreases during the second half of 2019.  TrustCo utilizes this category of earning assets as a means of maintaining strong liquidity.  The Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments portfolio is significantly affected by changes in the target Federal Funds rate, as are virtually all short term interest-sensitive instruments.

The year-end balance of Federal Funds sold and other short term investments was $408.6 million for 2019, compared to $454.5 million at year end 2018.  While yields on investment securities with acceptable risk characteristics were insufficient to justify shifting overnight liquidity into other investment types during 2019, some funds were shifted into higher yielding loans.  Management will continue to evaluate the overall level of the Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments in 2020 and will make appropriate adjustments based upon market opportunities and interest rates.

Funding Sources

TrustCo utilizes various traditional sources of funds to support its earning asset portfolio.  The table, “Mix of Average Sources of Funding,” presents the various categories of funds used and the corresponding average balances for each of the last three years.

Deposits: Average total deposits were approximately $4.41 billion in 2019, compared to approximately $4.21 billion in 2018, an increase of $202.5 million.  Changes in deposit categories (average balances 2019 versus 2018) included: demand deposits up $30.9 million, interest-bearing checking deposits down $22.7 million, savings down $107.6 million, money market up $34.3 million and time deposits up $267.5 million.  While many customers remain in one product type for many years, others may move funds between product types to maximize the yield earned or as a result of increased or decreased liquidity needs.  The increase in retail deposits reflects the focus on growing funding sources by providing core banking services better, faster and at competitive rates.  The increase in time deposits over $250 thousand is not the result of any incentive pricing as TrustCo does not offer premium rates on large certificates of deposit.
Page 14 of 98


MIX OF AVERAGE SOURCES OF FUNDING

(dollars in thousands)
                   
2019
   
2018
   
Components of
 
                     
vs.
   
vs.
   
Total Funding
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
                                                 
Retail deposits
                                               
Demand deposits
 
$
427,276
     
396,367
     
382,658
     
30,909
     
13,709
     
9.4
%
   
9.0
     
8.7
 
Savings
   
1,134,050
     
1,241,619
     
1,275,268
     
(107,569
)
   
(33,649
)
   
24.8
     
28.2
     
29.0
 
Time deposits under $250 thousand
   
1,189,901
     
967,765
     
960,408
     
222,136
     
7,357
     
26.0
     
22.0
     
21.8
 
Interest bearing checking accounts
   
874,700
     
897,378
     
844,010
     
(22,678
)
   
53,368
     
19.1
     
20.4
     
19.2
 
Money market deposits
   
555,547
     
521,233
     
572,270
     
34,314
     
(51,037
)
   
12.2
     
11.8
     
13.0
 
Total retail deposits
   
4,181,474
     
4,024,362
     
4,034,614
     
157,112
     
(10,252
)
   
91.5
     
91.4
     
91.7
 
Time deposits over $250 thousand
   
227,586
     
182,215
     
136,782
     
45,371
     
45,433
     
5.0
     
4.1
     
3.1
 
Short-term borrowings
   
159,220
     
194,810
     
228,086
     
(35,590
)
   
(33,276
)
   
3.5
     
4.4
     
5.2
 
Total purchased liabilities
   
386,806
     
377,025
     
364,868
     
9,781
     
12,157
     
8.5
     
8.6
     
8.3
 
Total sources of funding
 
$
4,568,280
     
4,401,387
     
4,399,482
     
166,893
     
1,905
     
100.0
%
   
100.0
     
100.0
 

Page 15 of 98


AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS AND NET INTEREST MARGINS

(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
         
Interest
               
Interest
               
Interest
       
   
Average
   
Income/
   
Average
   
Average
   
Income/
   
Average
   
Average
   
Income/
   
Average
 
   
Balance
   
Expense
   
Rate
   
Balance
   
Expense
   
Rate
   
Balance
   
Expense
   
Rate
 
Assets
                                                     
Loans, net
 
$
3,926,199
     
166,610
     
4.24
%
 
$
3,746,082
     
158,304
     
4.23
%
 
$
3,514,900
     
148,162
     
4.22
%
                                                                         
Securities available for sale:
                                                                       
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
   
156,292
     
3,209
     
2.05
     
155,381
     
3,112
     
2.00
     
139,652
     
2,281
     
1.63
 
State and political subdivisions
   
167
     
13
     
7.78
     
414
     
34
     
8.21
     
682
     
55
     
8.06
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
   
345,718
     
8,219
     
2.38
     
294,732
     
6,593
     
2.24
     
350,256
     
7,447
     
2.13
 
Corporate bonds
   
34,637
     
1,096
     
3.16
     
30,310
     
687
     
2.27
     
41,946
     
606
     
1.44
 
Small Business Administration-
                                                                       
guaranteed participation securities
   
53,269
     
1,121
     
2.10
     
63,430
     
1,339
     
2.11
     
73,996
     
1,547
     
2.09
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-commercial
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
2,769
     
37
     
1.33
     
9,963
     
109
     
1.09
 
Other
   
685
     
22
     
3.21
     
685
     
18
     
2.63
     
685
     
16
     
2.34
 
Total securities available for sale
   
590,768
     
13,680
     
2.32
     
547,721
     
11,820
     
2.16
     
617,180
     
12,061
     
1.95
 
Held to maturity securities:
                                                                       
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
   
20,643
     
797
     
3.86
     
24,801
     
962
     
3.88
     
31,266
     
1,149
     
3.67
 
Corporate bonds
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
6,663
     
410
     
6.15
 
Total held to maturity securities
   
20,643
     
797
     
3.86
     
24,801
     
962
     
3.88
     
37,929
     
1,559
     
4.11
 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal HomeLoan Bank stock
   
9,123
     
568
     
6.23
     
8,907
     
564
     
6.33
     
9,295
     
544
     
5.85
 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments
   
477,181
     
10,478
     
2.20
     
495,066
     
9,276
     
1.87
     
611,586
     
6,679
     
1.09
 
Total interest earning assets
   
5,023,914
     
192,133
     
3.82
%
   
4,822,577
     
180,926
     
3.75
%
   
4,790,890
     
169,005
     
3.53
%
Allowance for loan losses
   
(44,639
)
                   
(44,651
)
                   
(44,319
)
               
Cash and noninterest earning assets
   
182,545
                     
122,524
                     
129,097
                 
Total assets
 
$
5,161,820
                   
$
4,900,450
                   
$
4,875,668
                 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
                                                                       
Interest bearing deposits:
                                                                       
Interest bearing checking accounts
 
$
874,700
     
288
     
0.03
%
 
$
897,378
     
442
     
0.05
%
 
$
844,010
     
478
     
0.06
%
Savings
   
1,134,050
     
1,338
     
0.12
     
1,241,619
     
1,657
     
0.13
     
1,275,268
     
1,729
     
0.14
 
Time deposits and money markets
   
1,973,034
     
33,227
     
1.68
     
1,671,213
     
16,859
     
1.01
     
1,669,460
     
10,983
     
0.66
 
Total interest bearing deposits
   
3,981,784
     
34,853
     
0.88
     
3,810,210
     
18,958
     
0.50
     
3,788,738
     
13,190
     
0.35
 
Short-term borrowings
   
159,220
     
1,468
     
0.92
     
194,810
     
1,270
     
0.65
     
228,086
     
1,402
     
0.61
 
Total interest bearing liabilities
   
4,141,004
     
36,321
     
0.88
%
   
4,005,020
     
20,228
     
0.51
%
   
4,016,824
     
14,592
     
0.36
%
Demand deposits
   
427,276
                     
396,367
                     
382,658
                 
Other liabilities
   
80,051
                     
28,249
                     
28,506
                 
Shareholders' equity
   
513,489
                     
470,814
                     
447,680
                 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
$
5,161,820
                   
$
4,900,450
                   
$
4,875,668
                 
Net interest income
           
155,812
                     
160,698
                     
154,413
         
Taxable equivalent adjustment
           
(5
)
                   
(12
)
                   
(45
)
       
Net interest income
           
155,807
                     
160,686
                     
154,368
         
Net interest spread
                   
2.94
%
                   
3.25
%
                   
3.16
%
Net interest margin (net interest income to total interest earnings assets)
                   
3.10
                     
3.33
                     
3.22
 

Portions of income earned on certain commercial loans, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and equity securities are exempt from federal and/or state taxation.  Appropriate adjustments have been made to reflect the equivalent amount of taxable income that would have been necessary to generate an equal amount of after tax income.  Federal and state tax rates used to calculate income on a tax equivalent basis were 21.0% and 6.0%, respectively, for 2019 and 2018, and 35.0% and 7.5%, for 2017.  The average balances of securities available for sale and held to maturity were calculated using amortized costs.  Included in the average balance of shareholders’ equity is $3.6 million, $13.8 million, and $5.6 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, of net unrealized loss, net of tax, in the available for sale securities portfolio.  The gross amounts of the net unrealized loss has been included in cash and noninterest earning assets.  Nonaccrual loans are included in average loans.

While the overall cost of interest bearing deposits increased to 0.88% in 2019, this was partially mitigated by the overall growth in interest bearing assets and yields.

The Company strives to maintain competitive rates on deposit accounts and to attract customers through a combination of competitive interest rates, quality customer service, and convenient banking locations.  In this fashion, management believes, TrustCo is able to attract deposit customers looking for a long-term banking relationship and to cross-sell banking services utilizing the deposit account relationship as the starting point.

Other funding sources: The Company had $159.2 million of average short-term borrowings outstanding during 2019, compared to $194.8 million in 2018.  These borrowings represent customer repurchase accounts, which behave more like deposit accounts than traditional borrowings.  The average cost of short-term borrowings was 0.92% in 2019 and 0.65% in 2018.  This resulted in interest expense of approximately $1.5 million in 2019, compared to $1.3 million in 2018.
Page 16 of 98


AVERAGE DEPOSITS BY TYPE OF DEPOSITOR
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
2016
   
2015
 
Individuals, partnerships and corporations
 
$
4,380,866
     
4,184,850
     
4,149,832
     
4,127,587
     
4,085,491
 
U.S. Government
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
States and political subdivisions
   
8,663
     
3,007
     
2,765
     
3,085
     
2,654
 
Other (certified and official checks, etc.)
   
19,531
     
18,720
     
18,799
     
18,529
     
15,360
 
Total average deposits by type of depositor
 
$
4,409,060
     
4,206,577
     
4,171,396
     
4,149,201
     
4,103,505
 

MATURITY OF TIME DEPOSITS OVER $250 THOUSAND

(dollars in thousands)
     
   
As of December 31, 2019
 
       
Under 3 months
 
$
59,384
 
3 to 6 months
   
43,076
 
6 to 12 months
   
94,925
 
Over 12 months
   
30,201
 
         
Total
 
$
227,586
 

VOLUME AND YIELD ANALYSIS

(dollars in thousands)
 
2019 vs. 2018
   
2018 vs. 2017
 
   
Increase
   
Due to
   
Due to
   
Increase
   
Due to
   
Due to
 
   
(Decrease)
   
Volume
   
Rate
   
(Decrease)
   
Volume
   
Rate
 
Interest income (TE):
                                   
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments
 
$
1,202
     
(351
)
   
1,553
   
$
2,597
     
(942
)
 
$
3,539
 
Securities available for sale:
                                               
Taxable
   
1,881
     
1,092
     
789
     
(220
)
   
(1,465
)
   
1,245
 
Tax-exempt
   
(21
)
   
(20
)
   
(1
)
   
(21
)
   
(21
)
   
-
 
Total securities available for sale
   
1,860
     
1,072
     
788
     
(241
)
   
(1,486
)
   
1,245
 
Held to maturity securities (taxable)
   
(165
)
   
(160
)
   
(5
)
   
(597
)
   
(453
)
   
(144
)
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home
                                               
Loan Bank stock
   
4
     
34
     
(30
)
   
20
     
(21
)
   
41
 
Loans, net
   
8,306
     
7,400
     
906
     
10,142
     
9,623
     
519
 
Total interest income
   
11,207
     
7,995
     
3,212
     
11,921
     
6,721
     
5,200
 
                                                 
Interest expense:
                                               
Interest bearing checking accounts
   
(154
)
   
(9
)
   
(145
)
   
(36
)
   
34
     
(70
)
Savings
   
(319
)
   
(169
)
   
(150
)
   
(72
)
   
(44
)
   
(28
)
Time deposits and money markets
   
16,368
     
4,178
     
12,190
     
5,876
     
318
     
5,558
 
Short-term borrowings
   
198
     
(261
)
   
459
     
(132
)
   
(226
)
   
94
 
Total interest expense
   
16,093
     
3,739
     
12,354
     
5,636
     
82
     
5,554
 
Net interest income (TE)
 
$
(4,886
)
   
4,256
     
(9,142
)
 
$
6,285
     
6,639
     
(354
)

Capital Resources

Consistent with its long-term goal of operating a sound and profitable financial organization, TrustCo strives to maintain strong capital ratios and to qualify Trustco Bank as a well-capitalized institution in accordance with federal regulatory requirements. Historically, most of the Company’s capital requirements have been provided through retained earnings.

Both TrustCo and Trustco Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements.  The regulatory capital rules contain a rule for a common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets, a minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets requirement of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets, and the risk-weight of certain assets.  In addition, the Company and the Bank are required to maintain additional levels of Tier 1 common equity (the capital conservation buffer) over the minimum risk-based capital levels before they may pay dividends, repurchase shares, or pay discretionary bonuses.  The buffer was 2.5% as of January 1, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, the capital levels of both TrustCo and the Bank exceeded the minimum standards, including with the capital conservation buffer taken into account.
Page 17 of 98


Under the OCC’s “prompt corrective action” regulations, a bank is deemed to be “well-capitalized” when its CET1, Tier 1, total risk-based, and leverage capital ratios are at least 6.5%, 8%, 10%, and 5%, respectively.  A bank is deemed to be “adequately capitalized” or better if its capital ratios meet or exceed the minimum federal regulatory capital requirements, and “undercapitalized” if it fails to meet these minimal capital requirements.  A bank is “significantly undercapitalized” if its CET1, Tier 1, total risk-based and leverage capital ratios fall below 3%, 4%, 6%, and 3%, respectively and “critically undercapitalized” if the institution has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2%.  At December 31, 2019 and 2018, Trustco Bank met the definition of “well-capitalized.”

On October 29, 2019, the federal bank regulatory agencies announced that they had finalized a rule that simplifies capital requirements for qualifying banks and bank or thrift holding companies (referred to collectively in the new rule as “banking organizations”) by allowing them to adopt a simple leverage ratio to measure capital adequacy. The new “community bank leverage ratio framework” removes requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for a qualifying banking organization that opts into the framework.

To qualify for the framework, a banking organization must have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, total off-balance-sheet exposures (as defined in the new rule and excluding derivatives other than sold credit derivatives and unconditionally cancellable commitments) of 25% or less of total consolidated assets, total trading assets plus trading liabilities of 5% or less of total consolidated assets and a leverage ratio greater than 9%.

A qualifying banking organization that elects to use the community bank leverage ratio framework and that maintains a leverage ratio of greater than 9% will be considered to have satisfied its risk-based and leverage capital requirements, and a qualifying bank will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements for purposes of its primary federal regulator’s prompt corrective action rules.

If a banking organization falls out of compliance with the new framework, the new rule contains a two-quarter grace period to either meet the qualifying criteria again or to comply with the generally applicable capital rule. The grace period will begin as of the end of the calendar quarter in which a banking organization ceases to satisfy any of the qualifying criteria and when the qualifying banking organization’s leverage ratio is 9% or less but greater than 8%. A banking organization that fails to maintain a leverage ratio greater than 8% would not be permitted to use the grace period and must comply with the generally applicable capital rule.

The final rule was be effective as of January 1, 2020, and a qualifying banking organization can utilize the community bank leverage ratio framework for purposes of filing its regulatory reports for the first quarter for 2020 (that is, as of March 31, 2020).

TrustCo is evaluating the new community bank leverage ratio framework and has not yet decided whether it will opt-in to the framework.

The Company’s dividend payout ratio was 45.6% of net income in 2019 and 42.0% of net income in 2018.  The per-share dividend paid was $0.2674 in 2018 and $0.2725 in 2019.  The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company.  The payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company is subject to continued compliance with minimum regulatory capital requirements.

TrustCo’s consolidated Tier 1 risk-based capital was 18.99% of risk-adjusted assets at December 31, 2019, and 18.79% of risk-adjusted assets at December 31, 2018.  Consolidated Tier 1 capital to assets (leverage ratio) at December 31, 2019 was 10.25%, as compared to 10.13% at year-end 2018.  Note 14 to the financial statements includes information on all regulatory capital ratios.

TrustCo maintains a dividend reinvestment plan (DRP) with approximately 11,261 participants.  During 2019, $1.8 million of dividends paid on the shares held in this plan were reinvested in shares of the Company.  The DRP also allows for additional purchases by participants and has a discount feature (up to 5%) that can be activated by management as a tool to raise capital. To date, the discount feature has not been utilized.

Risk Management

The responsibility for balance sheet risk management oversight is the function of the Company’s Asset Allocation Committee.  The Committee meets monthly and includes the executive officers of the Company as well as other department managers as appropriate.  The meetings include a review of balance sheet structure, formulation of strategy in light of anticipated economic conditions, and comparison to Board-established guidelines to control exposures to various types of risk.
Page 18 of 98


Credit Risk

Credit risk is managed through a network of loan officer authorities, review committees, loan policies, and oversight from the senior executives of the Company.  In addition, the Company utilizes an independent loan review function to evaluate management’s loan grading of non-homogeneous loans.  Management follows a policy of continually identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio.  As a result of management’s ongoing reviews of the loan portfolio, loans are placed in nonaccrual status, either due to the delinquent status of the principal and/or interest payments, or based on a judgment by management that, although payment of principal and/or interest is current, such action is prudent.  Thereafter, no interest is taken into income unless received in cash or until such time as the borrower demonstrates a sustained ability to make scheduled payments of interest and principal.

Management has also developed policies and procedures to monitor the credit risk in relation to the Federal Funds sold portfolio.  TrustCo maintains an approved list of third party banks to which Trustco can sell Federal Funds and monitors the credit rating and capital levels of those institutions.  At December 31, 2019 virtually all of the Federal Funds sold and other short term investments were funds on deposit at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”) and the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”).  The Company also monitors the credit ratings on its investment securities and performs initial and periodic reviews of financial information for corporate and municipal bonds.

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming assets include loans in nonaccrual status, restructured loans, loans past due by three payments or more and still accruing interest, and foreclosed real estate properties.

Nonperforming assets at year-end 2019 and 2018 totaled $22.4 million and $26.7 million, respectively.  Nonperforming loans as a percentage of the total loan portfolio were 0.51% in 2019 and 0.64% in 2018.  As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were $6.9 million and $8.6 million, respectively, of loans in non-accruing status that were less than 90 days past due.

NONPERFORMING ASSETS

(dollars in thousands)
 
As of December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
2016
   
2015
 
Loans in nonaccrual status
 
$
20,840
     
24,952
     
24,339
     
25,018
     
28,212
 
Loans contractually past due 3 payments or more and still accruing interest
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Restructured retail loans
   
29
     
34
     
38
     
42
     
48
 
Total nonperforming loans
   
20,869
     
24,986
     
24,377
     
25,060
     
28,260
 
Foreclosed real estate
   
1,579
     
1,676
     
3,246
     
4,268
     
6,455
 
Total nonperforming assets
 
$
22,448
     
26,662
     
27,623
     
29,328
     
34,715
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
$
44,317
     
44,766
     
44,170
     
43,890
     
44,762
 
Allowance coverage of nonperforming loans
   
2.12
x
   
1.79
     
1.81
     
1.75
     
1.58
 
Nonperforming loans as a % of total loans
   
0.51
%
   
0.64
     
0.67
     
0.73
     
0.86
 
Nonperforming assets as a % of total assets
   
0.43
%
   
0.54
     
0.56
     
0.60
     
0.73
 

At December 31, 2019, nonperforming loans include a mix of commercial and residential loans.  Of the total nonaccrual loans of $20.9 million, $20.0 million were residential real estate loans and $816 thousand were commercial loans.  It is the Company’s policy to classify loans as nonperforming if three monthly payments have been missed.  Economic conditions improved over the last year, but remain challenging in some respects.  The majority of the Company’s loan portfolio continues to come from its historical market area in Upstate New York.  As of December 31, 2019, 74.4% of loans are in New York, including both the Upstate and Downstate areas, as well as nominal loan balances in adjoining states.  The remaining 25.6% of the loan portfolio are Florida loans.  At December 31, 2019, 7.7% of nonperforming loans were in Florida and 92.3% were in the Company’s New York area markets.  At December 31, 2019 nonperforming Florida loans amounted to $1.6 million compared to $1.9 million at December 31, 2018.

TrustCo has identified nonaccrual commercial and commercial real estate loans, as well as all loans restructured under a TDR, as impaired loans.

There were $1.4 million of commercial loans classified as impaired as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.  In addition, there were $19.5 million and $20.9 million of residential TDRs classified as impaired at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  Generally, residential TDRs involve the borrower filing for bankruptcy protection.  The average balances of all impaired loans were $21.0 million during 2019, $23.1 million in 2018 and $24.8 million in 2017.
Page 19 of 98


Ongoing portfolio management is intended to result in early identification and disengagement from deteriorating credits.  TrustCo has a diversified loan portfolio that includes a significant balance of residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the Capital Region of New York and avoids concentrations to any one borrower or any single industry.

There are inherent risks associated with lending, however based on its review of the loan portfolio, including loans classified as nonperforming loans, TDRs and impaired loans, management is aware of no other loans in the portfolio that pose significant risk of the eventual non-collection of principal and interest.  As of December 31, 2019, there were no other loans classified for regulatory purposes that management reasonably expects will materially impact future operating results, liquidity, or capital resources.  TrustCo has no advances to borrowers or projects located outside the United States.  The Bank makes loans to executive officers, directors and to associates of such persons.  These loans are made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions.  These loans do not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

At year-end 2019 and 2018 there were $1.6 million and $1.7 million of foreclosed real estate, respectively.  Although the length of time to complete a foreclosure has remained elevated in recent years, TrustCo, as a portfolio lender, has not encountered issues such as lost notes and other documents, which have been a problem in the foreclosure process for many other mortgagees.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses that is available to absorb losses on loans that management determines are uncollectible.  The balance of the allowance is maintained at a level that is, in management’s judgment, representative of probable incurred losses related to the loan portfolio at the end of the reporting period.

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable and reasonably estimable credit losses inherent in the held for investment loan portfolio.  In determining the allowance, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably estimated.  On a quarterly basis, we assess the risk inherent in our loan portfolio based on qualitative and quantitative trends in the portfolio, including the internal risk classification of loans, historical loss rates, changes in the nature of the portfolio, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, detailed reviews of significant loans with identified weaknesses and the impacts of local, regional and national economic factors on the quality of the loan portfolio.  Based on this analysis, we record a provision for loan losses in order to maintain the allowance at appropriate levels.

Determining the amount of the allowance is considered a critical accounting estimate, as it requires significant judgment and the use of subjective measurements, including management’s assessment of overall portfolio quality.  The allowance is maintained at an amount we believe is sufficient to provide for estimated losses inherent in our loan portfolio at each balance sheet date, and fluctuations in the provision for loan losses may result from management’s assessment of the adequacy of the allowance.  Changes in these estimates and assumptions are possible and may have a material impact on our allowance, and therefore our financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

 The table, “Summary of Loan Loss Experience”, includes an analysis of the changes to the allowance for the past five years.  Net loans charged off in 2019 and 2018 were $608 thousand and $804 thousand, respectively.  The decrease in net charge-offs was primarily the result of higher gross recoveries in both the New York and Florida residential and commercial segments of the portfolio.   New York commercial gross recoveries were up $36 thousand from 2019 to 2018, while residential gross recoveries were up $181 thousand in 2019 relative to 2018, and installment recoveries were down $17 thousand from 2018 to 2019.  Total gross charge-offs in 2019 and 2018 remained flat at $1.2 million.  There were no Florida commercial charge-offs in either 2019 or 2018, and New York commercial charge-offs decreased by $80 thousand form 2019 to 2018.   Residential gross charge-offs were up $128 thousand from 2018 to 2019 while total gross installment charge-offs decreased $44 thousand from 2018 to 2019.  The changes in gross and net charge-offs in these categories reflected economic and market changes.  During 2019, 72.7% of net charge-offs were on residential real estate loans, 31.6% were on installment loans, and commercial loans of (4.3%), compared to an average loan mix of 4.9% commercial, 94.8% real estate (including home equity products) and 0.3% installment.  The Company recorded a $159 thousand provision for loan losses in 2019 compared to $1.4 million in 2018.  The decrease in the provision for loan losses in 2019 was primarily related to positive asset quality trends, improving economic conditions, and the sale of the credit card portfolio.

The allowance for loan losses decreased from $44.8 million at December 31, 2018, or 1.16% of total loans at that date, to $44.3 million at December 31, 2019, or 1.09% of total loans at that date.

While conditions in most of the Bank’s market areas are stable or improving, should general economic conditions weaken and/or real estate values begin to decline again, the level of problem loans may increase, as would the level of the provision for loan losses.

As noted in Note 18, In September 2016, the FASB released ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses” which amended existing guidance to replace current generally accepted accounting principles used to measure a reporting entity’s credit losses.  The Company has selected the Discounted Cash Flow modeling method and is running parallel processes encompassing the functionality of the models, governance activities, as well as continuing to review and refine its models and methodologies.  The Bank is currently undergoing model validation and working to finalize operating and financial control procedures and processes.  The ultimate impact upon adoption will depend on the characteristics of the Banks’s portfolios, macroeconomic conditions, and the finalized validation of models and methodologies, as well as other management judgments. We do not expect any material allowance adjustments that will impact operations or any key performance indicators of the Company.
Page 20 of 98


SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE

(dollars in thousands)
                             
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
2016
   
2015
 
                               
Amount of loans outstanding at end of year (less unearned income)
 
$
4,062,196
     
3,874,096
     
3,636,407
     
3,430,586
     
3,293,304
 
Average loans outstanding during year (less average unearned income)
   
3,926,199
     
3,746,082
     
3,514,900
     
3,348,324
     
3,234,806
 
Balance of allowance at beginning of year
   
44,766
     
44,170
     
43,890
     
44,762
     
46,327
 
Loans charged off:
                                       
Commercial and commercial real estate
   
20
     
100
     
72
     
795
     
779
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family
   
974
     
846
     
2,220
     
3,573
     
4,951
 
Installment
   
213
     
257
     
219
     
342
     
185
 
Total
   
1,207
     
1,203
     
2,511
     
4,710
     
5,915
 
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
                                       
Commercial and commercial real estate
   
46
     
10
     
96
     
207
     
27
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family
   
532
     
351
     
669
     
617
     
577
 
Installment
   
21
     
38
     
26
     
64
     
46
 
Total
   
599
     
399
     
791
     
888
     
650
 
Net loans charged off
   
608
     
804
     
1,720
     
3,822
     
5,265
 
Provision for loan losses
   
159
     
1,400
     
2,000
     
2,950
     
3,700
 
Balance of allowance at end of year
 
$
44,317
     
44,766
     
44,170
     
43,890
     
44,762
 
Net charge offs as a percent of average loans outstanding during year (less average unearned income)
   
0.02
%
   
0.02
     
0.05
     
0.11
     
0.16
 
                                         
Allowance as a percent of loans outstanding at end of year
   
1.09
     
1.16
     
1.21
     
1.28
     
1.36
 

Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses

The allocation of the allowance for loans losses is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
As of
   
As of
 
   
December 31, 2019
   
December 31, 2018
 
         
Percent of
         
Percent of
 
         
Loans to
         
Loans to
 
   
Amount
   
Total Loans
   
Amount
   
Total Loans
 
Commercial
 
$
3,805
     
4.47
%
 
$
3,903
     
4.74
%
Real estate - construction
   
311
     
0.70
%
   
310
     
0.69
%
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family
   
35,632
     
87.96
%
   
34,918
     
86.80
%
Home equity lines of credit
   
3,999
     
6.60
%
   
4,689
     
7.47
%
Installment Loans
   
570
     
0.27
%
   
946
     
0.30
%
   
$
44,317
     
100.00
%
 
$
44,766
     
100.00
%

Market Risk

The Company’s principal exposure to market risk is with respect to interest rate risk.  Interest rate risk is the potential for economic loss due to future interest rate changes.  These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current market value.
Page 21 of 98


Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

TrustCo realizes income principally from the difference or spread between the interest earned on loans, investments and other interest-earning assets and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings.  Loan volume and yield, as well as the volume of and rates on investments, deposits and borrowings are affected by market interest rates.  Additionally, because of the terms and conditions of many of the loan documents and deposit accounts, a change in interest rates could also affect the projected maturities of the loan portfolio and/or the deposit base.

In monitoring interest rate risk, management focuses on evaluating the levels of net interest income and the fair value of capital in varying interest rate cycles within Board-approved policy limits.  Interest rate risk management also must take into consideration, among other factors, the Company’s overall credit, operating income, operating cost, and capital profile.  The Asset Allocation Committee, which includes all members of executive management and reports quarterly to the Board of Directors, monitors and manages interest rate risk to maintain an acceptable level of potential change in the fair value of capital as a result of changes in market interest rates.

The Company uses an industry standard simulation model as the primary tool to identify, quantify and project changes in interest rates and the impact on the balance sheet and forecasted net interest income.  The model utilizes assumptions with respect to cash flows and prepayment speeds taken both from industry sources and internally generated data based upon historical trends in the Bank’s balance sheet.  Assumptions based on the historical behavior of deposit rates and balances in relation to changes in market interest rates are also incorporated into the model.  This model calculates a fair value amount with respect to non-time deposit categories, since these deposits are part of the core deposit products of the Company.  The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure the fair value of capital or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on the fair value of capital.

Using this model, the fair values of capital projections as of December 31, 2019 are referenced below.  The base case scenario shows the present estimate of the fair value of capital assuming no change in the operating environment or operating strategies and no change in interest rates from those existing in the marketplace as of December 31, 2019.  The table indicates the impact on the fair value of capital assuming interest rates were to instantaneously increase by 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points (BP) or to decrease by 100 basis points.

 
Estimated Percentage of
 
   
Fair value of Capital to
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
Fair value of Assets
 
+400 BP
   
19.20
%
+300 BP
   
19.80
 
+200 BP
   
20.40
 
+100 BP
   
20.80
 
Current rates
   
20.80
 
-100 BP
   
18.70
 

At December 31, 2019, the Company’s consolidated Tier 1 capital to assets ratio (leverage capital ratio) was 10.25%.

The fair value of capital is calculated as the fair value of assets less the fair value of liabilities in the interest rate scenario presented.  The fair value of capital in the current rate environment is 20.80% of the fair value of assets, whereas the current Tier 1 capital to assets ratio was 10.25% at December 31, 2019, as noted.  The significant difference between these two capital ratios reflects the impact that a fair value calculation can have on the capital ratios of a company.  The fair value of capital calculations take into consideration the fair value of deposits, including those deposits considered core deposits, along with the fair value of assets such as the loan portfolio.

A secondary method to identify and manage the interest rate risk profile is the static gap analysis.  Interest sensitivity gap analysis measures the difference between the assets and liabilities repricing or maturing within specific time periods.  An asset-sensitive position indicates that there are more rate-sensitive assets than rate-sensitive liabilities repricing or maturing within specific time periods, which would generally imply a favorable impact on net interest income in periods of rising interest rates and a negative impact in periods of falling rates.  A liability-sensitive position would generally imply a negative impact on net interest income in periods of rising rates and a positive impact in periods of falling rates.

Static gap analysis has limitations because it cannot measure precisely the effect of interest rate movements and competitive pressures on the repricing and maturity characteristics of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.  In addition, a significant portion of the interest sensitive assets are fixed rate securities with relatively long lives whereas the interest-bearing liabilities are not subject to these same limitations.  As a result, certain assets and liabilities may in fact reprice at different times and at different volumes than the static gap analysis would indicate.  The Company deemphasized the use of gap analysis in favor of the more advanced methods provided by the previously noted model, including the sensitivity of the economic value of equity and net interest income.
Page 22 of 98


The Company recognizes the relatively long-term nature of the fixed rate residential loan portfolio.  To fund those long-term assets, the Company cultivates long-term deposit relationships (often called core deposits).  These core deposit relationships tend to be longer-term in nature and not as susceptible to changes in interest rates.  Core deposit balances, along with substantial levels of short-term liquid assets allows the Company to take on certain interest rate risk with respect to the fixed rate loans on its balance sheet.

The table, “Interest Rate Sensitivity,” presents an analysis of the interest-sensitivity gap position at December 31, 2019.  All interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are shown based upon their contractual maturity or repricing date adjusted for forecasted prepayment rates.  Asset prepayment and liability repricing periods are selected after considering the current rate environment, industry prepayment and data specific to the Company.  The interest rate sensitivity table indicates that TrustCo is nominally liability sensitive on a cumulative basis when measured in the less than 1 year and 1-5 years buckets.  The effect of being liability sensitive is that rising interest rates should result in liabilities repricing to higher levels faster than assets repricing to higher levels, thus decreasing net interest income.  TrustCo is nominally asset sensitive on the Over 5 years bucket.  The effect of being that rising interest rates should result in assets repricing to higher levels faster than liabilities repricing to higher levels, thus increasing net interest income.  Conversely, should interest rates decline, the Company’s interest bearing assets would reprice down faster than liabilities, resulting in lower net interest income.

INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY

(dollars in thousands)
 
At December 31, 2019
 
   
Repricing in:
 
   
Less than 1
   
1-5
   
Over 5
   
Rate
       
   
year
   
years
   
years
   
Insensitive
   
Total
 
Total assets
 
$
1,342,274
     
1,966,276
     
1,760,520
     
152,252
     
5,221,322
 
Cumulative total assets
 
$
1,342,274
     
3,308,550
     
5,069,070
     
5,221,322
         
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
$
2,029,472
     
129,176
     
2,439,417
     
623,257
     
5,221,322
 
Cumulative total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
$
2,029,472
     
2,158,648
     
4,598,065
     
5,221,322
         
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap
 
$
(687,198
)
   
1,149,902
     
471,005
                 
Cumulative gap as a % of interest earning assets for the period
   
(51.2
%)
   
34.8
%
   
9.3
%
               
Cumulative interest sensitive assets to liabilities
   
66.1
%
   
153.3
%
   
110.2
%
               

In practice, the optionality imbedded in many of the Company’s assets and liabilities, along with other limitations such as differing timing between changes in rates on varying assets and liabilities limits the effectiveness of gap analysis.  Thus, the table should be viewed as a rough framework in the evaluation of interest rate risk.  Management takes these factors, and others, into consideration when reviewing the Bank’s gap position and establishing its asset/liability strategy.  As noted, the simulation model is better able to consider these aspects of the Bank’s exposure to potential rate changes and thus is viewed as the more important of the two methodologies.

Liquidity Risk

TrustCo seeks to obtain favorable funding sources and to maintain prudent levels of liquid assets in order to satisfy various liquidity demands.  In addition to serving as a funding source for maturing obligations, liquidity provides flexibility in responding to customer-initiated needs.  Many factors affect the ability to meet liquidity needs, including changes in the markets served by the Bank’s network of branches, the mix of assets and liabilities, and general economic conditions.

The Company actively manages its liquidity position through target ratios established under its asset/liability management policies.  Continual monitoring of these ratios, both historically and through forecasts under multiple interest rate scenarios, allows TrustCo to employ strategies necessary to maintain adequate liquidity levels as provided in its asset/liability management policies.  Management has also developed various liquidity alternatives, such as borrowings from the FHLBNY and the FRBNY, and through the utilization of brokered CDs, should the need develop.

The Company achieves its liability-based liquidity objectives in a variety of ways.  Liabilities can be classified into three categories for the purposes of managing liability-based liquidity: retail deposits, purchased money, and capital market funds.  TrustCo seeks deposits that are dependable and predictable and that are based as much on the level and quality of service as they are on interest rate.  Average retail deposits (total deposits less time deposits greater than $250 thousand) amounted to $4.18 billion in 2019 and $4.02 billion in 2018.  Average balances of core deposits are detailed in the table “Mix of Average Sources of Funding.”
Page 23 of 98


In addition to core deposits, another source of liability-based funding available to TrustCo is purchased money, which consists of long-term and short-term borrowings, Federal Funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, and time deposits greater than $250 thousand.  The average balances of these purchased liabilities are detailed in the table “Mix of Average Sources of Funding.”  During 2019, the average balance of purchased liabilities was $386.8 million, compared with $377.0 million in 2018.  Although classified as purchased liabilities for the purposes of this analysis the Company does not offer premium rates on large time deposits and thus views its time deposits as relatively stable funds.  The increase in borrowed funds is wholly the result of customer’s behavioral preferences in regard to managing their funds and does not reflect any decision by management to increase this category of funding.  The classification of time deposits over $250 thousand as purchased liabilities is typical industry practice, partly reflecting that some banks pay premium rates for larger balance time deposits.

The Bank also has a line of credit available with the FHLBNY.  The amount of that line is determined by the Bank’s total assets and the amount and types of collateral pledged.  Assets that are eligible for pledging include most loans and securities.  The Bank can borrow up to 30% of its total assets from the FHLBNY without special approval and may apply to borrow up to 50% of its total assets.  Securities and loans pledged as collateral against any borrowings must cover certain margin requirements.  Eligible securities have a maximum lendable value of 67% to 97%, depending on the security type, with the securities in the Bank’s investment portfolio generally having maximum lendable values of 80% to 95%.  The maximum lendable value against loans is 90% for 1-4 family residential mortgages, 80% for multifamily mortgages and 75% for commercial mortgages.  For both securities and loans, the maximum lendable limits are applied to the market value of the asset pledged.  At December 31, 2019 there were no outstanding balances associated with this line of credit.  In addition, the Bank has access to borrowings from the FRBNY.  Borrowings from the FRBNY are subject to collateralization by securities or loans acceptable to the FRBNY and at collateral margins set by the FRBNY.

The Company’s overall liquidity position is favorable compared to its peers.  A simple liquidity proxy often used in the industry is the ratio of loans to deposits, with a lower number representing a more liquid institution.  At December 31, 2019, TrustCo’s loan to deposit ratio was 91.28% compared to 90.64% at December 31, 2018, while the median peer group of all publically traded banks and thrifts tracked by S&P Global Market Intelligence financial with assets between $2 billion and $10 billion had ratios of 93.21% and 94.8%, respectively.  In addition, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling $456.8 million and $503.7 million, respectively, as well as unpledged securities available for sale with a fair value of $327.9 million and $298.4 million, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Commitments to extend credit: The Bank makes contractual commitments to extend credit, and extends lines of credit which are subject to the Bank’s credit approval and monitoring procedures.  At December 31, 2019 and 2018, commitments to extend credit in the form of loans, including unused lines of credit, amounted to $424.0 million and $432.6 million, respectively.  In management’s opinion, there are no material commitments to extend credit that represent unusual risk.

The Company has issued conditional commitments in the form of standby letters of credit to guarantee payment on behalf of a customer and guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party.  Standby letters of credit generally arise in connection with lending relationships.  The credit risk involved in issuing these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.  Contingent obligations under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $9.6 million and $6.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and represent the maximum potential future payments the Company could be required to make.  Typically, these instruments have terms of 12 months or less and expire unused; therefore, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  Each customer is evaluated individually for creditworthiness under the same underwriting standards used for commitments to extend credit and on-balance sheet instruments.  Company policies governing loan collateral apply to standby letters of credit at the time of credit extension.  Loan-to-value ratios are generally consistent with loan-to-value requirements for other commercial loans secured by similar types of collateral.  The fair value of the Company’s standby letters of credit at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was insignificant.

Other off-balance sheet risk: TrustCo does not engage in activities involving interest rate swaps, forward placement contracts, or any other instruments commonly referred to as “derivatives.”  Management believes these instruments pose a high degree of risk, and that investing in them is unnecessary.  TrustCo has no off-balance sheet partnerships, joint ventures, or other risk sharing entities.

Noninterest Income and Expense

Noninterest income: Noninterest income is an important source of revenue for the Company and a factor in overall results.  Total noninterest income was $18.6 million in 2019, $18.1 million in 2018 and $18.4 million in 2017.  There were no net securities gains recorded in 2019, 2018 or 2017.
Page 24 of 98


Trustco Financial Services contributes a large recurring portion of noninterest income through fees generated by providing fiduciary and investment management services.  Income from these fiduciary activities totaled $6.4 million in 2019, $6.3 million in 2018 and $6.6 million in 2017.  Trust fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets under management by Trustco Financial Services.  In addition, trust fees include fees for estate settlements, tax preparation, and other services.  Assets under management by Trustco Financial Services are not included on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements because Trustco Financial Services holds these assets in a fiduciary capacity.  At December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, fair value of assets under management by the Trustco Financial Services were approximately $927.5 million, $802.6 million and $890.2 million, respectively.  The changes in levels of assets under management reflects a combination of changing market valuations and the net impact of new customer asset additions, losses of accounts and the settlement of estates.

The Company routinely reviews its service charge policies and levels relative to its competitors.  Reflecting those reviews, the Company makes changes in fees for services to customers in terms of both the levels of fees as well as types of fees where appropriate.  The changes in reported noninterest income also reflect the volume of services customers utilized and regulatory changes governing overdrafts.

NONINTEREST INCOME

(dollars in thousands)
 
For the year ended December 31,
   
2019 vs. 2018
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
Amount
   
Percent
 
                               
Trustco Financial Services income
 
$
6,387
     
6,283
     
6,584
   
$
104
     
1.7
%
Fees for services to customers
   
10,110
     
10,912
     
10,798
     
(802
)
   
(7.3
)
Other
   
2,094
     
886
     
991
     
1,208
     
136.3
 
Total noninterest income
 
$
18,591
     
18,081
     
18,373
   
$
510
     
2.8
%

Noninterest expense: Noninterest expense was $97.7 million in 2019 and 2018, and $94.0 million in 2017.  TrustCo’s operating philosophy stresses the importance of monitoring and controlling the level of noninterest expense.  The efficiency ratio is a strong indicator of how well controlled and monitored these expenses are for a banking enterprise.  A low ratio indicates highly efficient performance.  The median efficiency ratio for a peer group composed of banking institutions with assets of $2 to $10 billion was 57.8% for 2019.  TrustCo’s efficiency ratio was 56.1% in 2019, 54.0% in 2018 and 53.8% in 2017.    In 2017 the ratio excludes the gain on the sale of NPL’s previously mentioned.  Other real estate owned expense or income is also excluded from this calculation for all periods presented.

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

(dollars in thousands)
 
For the year ended December 31,
   
2019 vs. 2018
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
Amount
   
Percent
 
                               
Salaries and employee benefits
 
$
46,630
     
42,107
     
40,665
   
$
4,523
     
10.7
%
Net occupancy expense
   
16,666
     
17,213
     
16,543
     
(547
)
   
(3.2
)
Equipment expense
   
7,068
     
7,068
     
6,118
     
-
     
0.0
 
Professional services
   
6,174
     
6,555
     
6,895
     
(381
)
   
(5.8
)
Outsourced services
   
7,600
     
7,500
     
6,410
     
100
     
1.3
 
Advertising expense
   
2,521
     
3,020
     
2,578
     
(499
)
   
(16.5
)
FDIC and other insurance
   
1,787
     
2,741
     
4,179
     
(954
)
   
(34.8
)
Other real estate expense, net
   
(166
)
   
1,231
     
1,171
     
(1,397
)
   
(113.5
)
Other
   
9,450
     
10,278
     
9,435
     
(828
)
   
(8.1
)
Total noninterest expense
 
$
97,730
     
97,713
     
93,994
   
$
17
     
0.0
%

Salaries and employee benefits are the most significant component of noninterest expense.  For 2019, these expenses amounted to $46.6 million, compared with $42.1 million in 2018 and $40.7 million in 2017.  The increase in salaries and benefits in 2019 was primarily due to attracting and retaining key employees, partially offset by headcount reduction which occurred during the last half of 2019.  Full time equivalent headcount decreased from 854 as of December 31, 2018 to 814 as of December 31, 2019.
Page 25 of 98


Professional services expense was $6.2 million in 2019, compared to $6.6 million in 2018 and $6.9 million in 2017.  The decrease in these costs in 2019 compared to 2018 was driven by the reduced use of various consultants and experts.

FDIC and other insurance expense was $1.8 million in 2019, $2.7 million in 2018 and $4.2 million in 2017.  The decline in 2019 is due to credits received as a result of the FDIC reaching the Deposit Reserve Fund reserve ratio.

Other real estate income was $166 thousand in 2019, as compared to other real estate expense of $1.2 million in 2018 and 2017. Included in ORE (income) expense during 2019, 2018 and 2017 were write downs of properties included in ORE totaling $366 thousand, $769 thousand, and $1.1 million, respectively. Additionally, included in ORE (income) expense during 2019, 2018, and 2017 were gains of $1.3 million, $614 thousand, and $925 thousand, respectively.

Changes in other noninterest expense are the results of normal banking activities. The decrease in 2019 versus 2018 is primarily due to a litigation settlement that occurred in 2019.

Income Tax

TrustCo recognized income tax expense of $18.7 million, $18.2 million and $33.6 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The effective tax rates were 24.4% in 2019, 22.9% in 2018, and 43.8% in 2017.  The lower effective tax rate starting in 2018 is due to the federal tax reform as previously mentioned.

Contractual Obligations

The Company is contractually obligated to make the following payments on leases as of December 31, 2019:

(dollars in thousands)
 
Payments Due by Period:
 
   
Less Than
   
1-3
   
3-5
   
More than
       
   
1 Year
   
Years
   
Years
   
5 Years
   
Total
 
                                   
Operating leases
 
$
8,039
     
15,566
     
14,327
     
28,361
     
66,293
 

In addition, the Company is contractually obligated to pay data processing vendors approximately $7 million to $8 million per year through 2021.

Also, the Company is obligated under its various employee benefit plans to make certain payments of approximately $1.8 million per year through 2029.  Additionally, the Company is obligated to pay the accumulated benefits under the Company’s post retirement pension plan which amounted to $6.1 million and $5.4 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Actual payments under the plan are made in accordance with the plan provisions.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation.  The impact of inflation is reflected in the increasing cost of operations.

Nearly all assets and liabilities of the Company are monetary.  As a result, changes in interest rates have a greater impact on the Company’s performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation, because interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the price of goods and services.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Note 1 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements contains a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Management believes that the Company’s policy with respect to the methodology for the determination of the allowance for loan losses involves a higher degree of complexity and requires management to make difficult and subjective judgments, which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. Changes in these judgments, assumptions or estimates could materially impact results of operations. This critical policy and its application are periodically reviewed with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.
Page 26 of 98


The provision for loan losses is based upon Management’s evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance, including an assessment of known and inherent risks in the portfolio, giving consideration to the size and composition of the loan portfolio, actual loan loss experience, level of delinquencies, detailed analysis of individual loans for which full collectability may not be assured, the existence and estimated fair value of any underlying collateral and guarantees securing the loans, and current economic and market conditions.  Although Management uses current and relevant information available in relation to their loan portfolio, the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses remains an estimate, which is subject to significant judgment and short-term change. Various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the adequacy of the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Company to make additional provisions for loan losses based upon information available to them at the time of their examination. Furthermore, the majority of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate in primarily New York, and Florida. Accordingly, the collectability of a substantial portion of the carrying value of the Company’s loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in local market conditions and may experience adverse economic conditions. Future adjustments to the provision for loan losses and allowance for loan losses may be necessary due to economic, operating, regulatory and other conditions beyond the Company’s control.

Pursuant to recent Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) guidance, management of the Company is encouraged to evaluate and disclose those accounting policies that are judged to be critical policies – those most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, and that require management’s most difficult subjective or complex judgments.  Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for loan losses to be a critical accounting policy, given the inherent uncertainty in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that such judgments can have on the results of operations.  Included in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K is a description of the significant accounting policies that are utilized by the Company in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements for a detailed discussion of new accounting pronouncements and their impact on the Company.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements included in this report and in future filings by TrustCo with the SEC, in TrustCo’s press releases, and in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, that are not historical or current facts, are “forward-looking statements” made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical earnings and those presently anticipated or projected.  Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of such words as may, will, should, could, would, estimate, project, believe, intend, anticipate, plan, seek, expect and similar expressions.  TrustCo wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made.

The following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could affect TrustCo’s actual results, and could cause TrustCo’s actual financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in any forward-looking statement:

TrustCo’s ability to continue to originate a significant volume of one- to- four family mortgage loans in its market areas and to otherwise maintain or increase its market share in the areas in which it operates;

TrustCo’s ability to continue to maintain noninterest expense and other overhead costs at reasonable levels relative to income;

TrustCo’s ability to make accurate assumptions and judgments regarding the credit risks associated with its lending and investing activities, including changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and charge-offs, changes in property values, and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses;

the effects of and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, inflation, interest rates, market and monetary fluctuations;

Restrictions or conditions imposed by TrustCo’s and Trustco Bank’s regulators on their operations that may make it more difficult to achieve TrustCo’s and Trustco Bank’s goals;
Page 27 of 98


the future earnings and capital levels of TrustCo and Trustco Bank and the ability of TrustCo and Trustco Bank to distribute capital from Trustco Bank to TrustCo under regulatory capital rules, which could affect the ability of TrustCo to pay dividends;

the results of supervisory monitoring or examinations of TrustCo and Trustco Bank by their respective primary federal banking regulators, including the possibility that the regulators may, among other things, require us to increase our loss allowances or to take other actions that reduce capital or income;

adverse conditions in the securities markets that lead to impairment in the value of securities in TrustCo’s investment portfolio;

Unanticipated effects from the Tax Act that may limit its benefits or adversely impact our business, which could include decreased demand for borrowing by our customers or increased price competition that offsets the benefits of decreased federal income tax expense;

the perceived overall value of TrustCo’s products and services by users, including the features, pricing and quality, compared to competitors’ products and services and the willingness of current and prospective customers to substitute competitors’ products and services for TrustCo’s products and services;

changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

the effect of changes in financial services laws and regulations (including laws concerning taxation, banking and securities) and the impact of other governmental initiatives affecting the financial services industry, including regulatory capital requirements;

changes in management personnel;

real estate and collateral values;

changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies Financial Accounting Standards Board or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events affecting the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions;

technological changes and electronic, cyber and physical security breaches;

changes in local market areas and general business and economic trends, as well as changes in consumer spending and saving habits;

TrustCo’s success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing and managing its business; and

other risks and uncertainties included under “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events.  Although TrustCo believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur.  The foregoing list should not be construed as exhaustive, and the Company disclaims any obligation to subsequently revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements, or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
Page 28 of 98


SUMMARY OF UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 
2019
   
2018
 
     
Q1
     
Q2
     
Q3
     
Q4
   
Year
     
Q1
     
Q2
     
Q3
     
Q4
   
Year
 
Income statement:
                                                                           
Interest and dividend income
 
$
47,413
     
48,664
     
48,528
     
47,523
     
192,128
   
$
43,497
     
44,815
     
45,738
     
46,864
     
180,914
 
Interest expense
   
7,681
     
9,473
     
9,885
     
9,282
     
36,321
     
4,182
     
4,706
     
5,215
     
6,125
     
20,228
 
Net interest income
   
39,732
     
39,191
     
38,643
     
38,241
     
155,807
     
39,315
     
40,109
     
40,523
     
40,739
     
160,686
 
Provision for loan losses
   
300
     
(341
)
   
-
     
200
     
159
     
300
     
300
     
300
     
500
     
1,400
 
Net interest income after provison for loan losses
   
39,432
     
39,532
     
38,643
     
38,041
     
155,648
     
39,015
     
39,809
     
40,223
     
40,239
     
159,286
 
Noninterest income
   
4,637
     
4,914
     
4,925
     
4,115
     
18,591
     
4,679
     
4,495
     
4,455
     
4,452
     
18,081
 
Noninterest expense
   
24,867
     
24,902
     
24,070
     
23,891
     
97,730
     
24,155
     
24,095
     
24,544
     
24,919
     
97,713
 
Income before income taxes
   
19,202
     
19,544
     
19,498
     
18,265
     
76,509
     
19,539
     
20,209
     
20,134
     
19,772
     
79,654
 
Income tax expense
   
4,644
     
4,877
     
4,790
     
4,358
     
18,669
     
4,731
     
4,804
     
4,935
     
3,739
     
18,209
 
Net income
 
$
14,558
     
14,667
     
14,708
     
13,907
     
57,840
   
$
14,808
     
15,405
     
15,199
     
16,033
     
61,445
 
Per share data:
                                                                               
Basic earnings
 
$
0.150
     
0.152
     
0.152
     
0.143
     
0.597
   
$
0.154
     
0.160
     
0.157
     
0.166
     
0.637
 
Diluted earnings
   
0.150
     
0.151
     
0.152
     
0.143
     
0.597
     
0.153
     
0.160
     
0.157
     
0.166
     
0.636
 
Cash dividends declared
   
0.0681
     
0.0681
     
0.0681
     
0.0681
     
0.2725
     
0.0656
     
0.0656
     
0.0681
     
0.0681
     
0.2674
 
Page 29 of 98


FIVE YEAR SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL DATA
       
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
   
2016
   
2015
 
Statement of income data:
                             
Interest and dividend income
 
$
192,128
     
180,914
     
168,960
     
161,359
     
159,345
 
Interest expense
   
36,321
     
20,228
     
14,592
     
15,304
     
16,197
 
Net interest income
   
155,807
     
160,686
     
154,368
     
146,055
     
143,148
 
Provision for loan losses
   
159
     
1,400
     
2,000
     
2,950
     
3,700
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
   
155,648
     
159,286
     
152,368
     
143,105
     
139,448
 
Noninterest income
   
18,591
     
18,081
     
18,373
     
18,344
     
17,621
 
Net gain on securities transactions
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
668
     
251
 
Noninterest expense
   
97,730
     
97,713
     
93,994
     
93,827
     
90,560
 
Income before income taxes
   
76,509
     
79,654
     
76,747
     
68,290
     
66,760
 
Income taxes
   
18,669
     
18,209
     
33,602
     
25,689
     
24,522
 
Net income
 
$
57,840
     
61,445
     
43,145
     
42,601
     
42,238
 
Share data:
                                       
Average equivalent diluted shares (in thousands)
   
96,927
     
96,646
     
96,222
     
95,648
     
95,213
 
Book value
 
$
5.55
     
5.07
     
4.75
     
4.52
     
4.34
 
Cash dividends
   
0.273
     
0.267
     
0.263
     
0.263
     
0.263
 
Basic earnings
   
0.597
     
0.637
     
0.449
     
0.446
     
0.444
 
Diluted earnings
   
0.597
     
0.636
     
0.448
     
0.445
     
0.444
 
Financial:
                                       
Return on average assets
   
1.12
%
   
1.25
     
0.88
     
0.89
     
0.89
 
Return on average shareholders' equity
   
11.26
     
13.05
     
9.64
     
9.94
     
10.41
 
Cash dividend payout ratio
   
45.60
     
42.02
     
58.44
     
58.88
     
59.13
 
Tier 1 capital to assets (leverage ratio)
   
10.25
     
10.13
     
9.45
     
9.11
     
8.85
 
Tier 1 capital as a % of total risk adjusted assets
   
18.99
     
18.79
     
18.02
     
17.78
     
17.71
 
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio
   
18.99
     
18.79
     
18.02
     
17.78
     
17.71
 
Total capital as a % of total risk adjusted assets
   
20.24
     
20.05
     
19.28
     
19.04
     
18.97
 
Efficiency ratio*
   
56.13
     
53.97
     
53.75
     
55.67
     
55.08
 
Net interest margin
   
3.10
     
3.33
     
3.22
     
3.11
     
3.09
 
Average balances:
                                       
Total assets
 
$
5,161,820
     
4,900,450
     
4,875,668
     
4,790,701
     
4,721,146
 
Earning assets
   
5,023,914
     
4,822,577
     
4,790,890
     
4,698,630
     
4,630,417
 
Loans, net
   
3,926,199
     
3,746,082
     
3,514,900
     
3,348,324
     
3,234,806
 
Allowance for loan losses
   
(44,639
)
   
(44,651
)
   
(44,319
)
   
(44,718
)
   
(46,023
)
Securities available for sale
   
590,768
     
547,721
     
617,180
     
627,341
     
657,951
 
Held to maturity securities
   
20,643
     
24,801
     
37,929
     
50,975
     
63,730
 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home
                                       
 Loan Bank stock
   
9,123
     
8,907
     
9,295
     
9,554
     
9,414
 
Deposits
   
4,409,060
     
4,206,577
     
4,171,396
     
4,149,201
     
4,103,505
 
Short-term borrowings
   
159,220
     
194,810
     
228,086
     
185,672
     
184,725
 
Shareholders' equity
   
513,489
     
470,814
     
447,680
     
428,389
     
405,761
 

* Non-GAAP figure; refer to Non-gaap financial measures reconciliation section for definition
Page 30 of 98


Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation

Certain of the financial measures used in this report, such as taxable equivalent net interest income and net interest margin, and efficiency ratio, are determined by methods other than in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income and Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Margin: Net interest income is commonly presented on a taxable equivalent basis.  That is, to the extent that some component of the institution’s net interest income will be exempt from taxation (e.g., was received by the institution as a result of its holdings of state or municipal obligations), an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from that component is added back to the net interest income total.  Management considers this adjustment helpful to investors in comparing one financial institution’s net interest income (pre-tax) to that of another institution, as each will have a different proportion of tax-exempt items in their portfolios.  Moreover, net interest income is itself a component of a second financial measure commonly used by financial institutions, net interest margin, which is the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets.  For purposes of this measure as well, taxable equivalent net interest income is generally used by financial institutions, again to provide investors with a better basis of comparison from institution to institution.  We calculate the taxable equivalent net interest margin by dividing GAAP net interest income, adjusted to include the benefit of non-taxable interest income, by average interest earnings assets.

The Efficiency Ratio: Financial institutions often use an “efficiency ratio” as a measure of expense control.  The efficiency ratio typically is defined as noninterest expense divided by the sum of taxable equivalent net interest income and noninterest income.  As in the case of net interest income, generally, net interest income as utilized in calculating the efficiency ratio is typically expressed on a taxable equivalent basis.  Moreover, many financial institutions, in calculating the efficiency ratio, also adjust both noninterest expense and noninterest income to exclude from these items (as calculated under GAAP) certain component elements, such as other real estate expense (deducted from noninterest expense) and securities transactions (excluded from noninterest income).  We calculate the efficiency ratio by dividing total noninterest expenses as determined under GAAP, as adjusted, by net interest income (fully taxable equivalent) and total noninterest income as determined under GAAP, as adjusted, as stated in the table below.

We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide information that is important to investors and that is useful in understanding the Company’s financial position, results and ratios.  Management internally assesses our performance based, in part, on these measures.  However, these non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental and are not a substitute for an analysis based on GAAP measures.  As other companies may use different calculations for these measures, this presentation may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures reported by other companies.  A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures of tangible book value per share, efficiency ratio, and taxable equivalent net interest income and net interest margin to the underlying GAAP financial measures is set forth below.
Page 31 of 98


Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 
Years ended
 
   
12/31/19
   
12/31/18
   
12/31/17
   
12/31/16
   
12/31/15
 
Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Margin
                             
Net interest income (GAAP)
 
$
155,807
     
160,686
     
154,368
     
146,055
     
143,148
 
Taxable Equivalent Adjustment
   
5
     
12
     
45
     
54
     
74
 
Net interest income (Taxable Equivalent) (Non-GAAP)
   
155,812
     
160,698
     
154,413
     
146,109
     
143,222
 
                                         
Total Interest Earning Assets
   
5,023,914
     
4,822,577
     
4,790,890
     
4,698,630
     
4,630,417
 
                                         
Net Interest Margin (GAAP)
   
3.10
%
   
3.33
%
   
3.22
%
   
3.11
%
   
3.09
%
Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Margin (Non-GAAP)
   
3.10
%
   
3.33
%
   
3.22
%
   
3.11
%
   
3.09
%

 
Years ended
 
   
12/31/19
   
12/31/18
   
12/31/17
   
12/31/16
   
12/31/15
 
Efficiency Ratio
                             
Net interest income (Taxable Equivalent) (Non-GAAP)
 
$
155,812
     
160,698
     
154,413
     
146,109
     
143,222
 
Non-interest income (GAAP)
   
18,591
     
18,081
     
18,373
     
19,012
     
17,872
 
Less:  Net gain on securities
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
668
     
251
 
Less:  Net gain on sale of building and net gain on sale of nonperforming loans
   
-
     
-
     
84
     
493
     
60
 
Revenue used for efficiency ratio (Non-GAAP)
   
174,403
     
178,779
     
172,702
     
163,960
     
160,783
 
                                         
Total Noninterest expense (GAAP)
   
97,730
     
97,713
     
93,994
     
93,827
     
90,560
 
Less:  Other real estate (income) expense, net
   
(166
)
   
1,231
     
1,171
     
2,558
     
2,001
 
Expenses used for efficiency ratio (Non-GAAP)
   
97,896
     
96,482
     
92,823
     
91,269
     
88,559
 
                                         
Efficiency Ratio
   
56.13
%
   
53.97
%
   
53.75
%
   
55.67
%
   
55.08
%

Glossary of Terms

Allowance for Loan Losses:

A balance sheet account which represents management’s estimate of probable credit losses in the loan portfolio. The provision for loan losses is added to the allowance account, charge offs of loans decrease the allowance balance and recoveries on previously charged off loans serve to increase the balance.

Basic Earnings Per Share:

Net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (including participating securities) during the period.

Cash Dividends Per Share:

Total cash dividends for each share outstanding on the record dates.

Common equity tier 1 capital ratio

Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

Comprehensive Income:

Net income plus the change in selected items recorded directly to capital such as the net change in unrealized market gains and losses on securities available for sale and the overfunded/underfunded positions in the retirement plans.

Core Deposits:

Deposits that are traditionally stable, including all deposits other than time deposits of $250,000 or more.

Derivative Investments:

Investments in futures contracts, forwards, swaps, or other investments with similar characteristics.
Page 32 of 98


 
Glossary of Terms (continued)

Diluted Earnings Per Share:

Net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, taking into consideration the effect of any dilutive stock options.

Earning Assets:

The sum of interest-bearing deposits with banks, securities available for sale, securities held to maturity, trading securities, loans, net of unearned income, and Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments.

Efficiency Ratio:

Noninterest expense (excluding other real estate expense) divided by taxable equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income (excluding securities transactions and other component income items).  This is an indicator of the total cost of operating the Company in relation to the total income generated.

Federal Funds Sold:

A short-term (generally one business day) investment of excess cash reserves from one bank to another.

Government Sponsored Enterprises (“GSE”):

Corporations sponsored by the United States government and include the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC or Freddie Mac), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA or Fannie Mae) and the Small Business Administration (SBA).

Impaired Loans:

Loans, principally commercial, where it is probable that the borrower will be unable to make the principal and interest payments according to the contractual terms of the loan, and all loans considered TDRs.

Interest Bearing Liabilities:

The sum of interest bearing deposits, Federal Funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, short-term borrowings, and long-term debt.

Interest Rate Spread:

The difference between the taxable equivalent yield on earning assets and the rate paid on interest bearing liabilities.

Liquidity:

The ability to meet loan commitments, deposit withdrawals, and maturing borrowings as they come due.

Net Interest Income:

The difference between income on earning assets and interest expense on interest bearing liabilities.

Net Interest Margin:

Fully taxable equivalent net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets.

Net Loans Charged Off:

Reductions to the allowance for loan losses written off as losses, net of the recovery of loans previously charged off.
Page 33 of 98


 
Glossary of Terms (continued)

Nonaccrual Loans:

Loans for which no periodic accrual of interest income is recognized.

Nonperforming Assets:

The sum of nonperforming loans plus foreclosed real estate properties.

Nonperforming Loans:

The sum of loans in a nonaccrual status (for purposes of interest recognition), plus accruing loans three payments or more past due as to principal or interest payments.

Parent Company:

A company that owns or controls a subsidiary through the ownership of voting stock.

Real Estate Owned:

Real estate acquired through foreclosure proceedings.

Return on Average Assets:

Net income as a percentage of average total assets.

Return on Average Equity:

Net income as a percentage of average equity.

Risk-Adjusted Assets:

A regulatory calculation that assigns risk factors to various assets on the balance sheet.

Risk-Based Capital:

The amount of capital required by federal regulatory standards, based on a risk-weighting of assets.

Subprime Loans:

Loans, including mortgages, that are underwritten based on non-traditional guidelines or structured in non-traditional ways, typically with the goal of facilitating the approval of loans that more conservative lenders would likely decline.

Tangible Book Value Per Share:

Total shareholders’ equity (less goodwill) divided by shares outstanding on the same date.  This provides an indication of the tangible book value of a share of stock.

Taxable Equivalent (“TE”):

Tax exempt income that has been adjusted to an amount that would yield the same after tax income had the income been subject to taxation at the statutory federal and/or state income tax rates.

Tier 1 Capital:

Total shareholders’ equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs):

A refinanced loan in which the bank allows the borrower certain concessions that would normally not be considered.  The concessions are made in light of the borrower’s financial difficulties and the bank’s objective to maximize recovery on the loan.  TDRs are considered impaired loans.
Page 34 of 98


Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The management of TrustCo Bank Corp NY is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.  TrustCo’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management has completed an assessment of TrustCo Bank Corp NY’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019.  In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework promulgated by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, commonly referred to as the “COSO” criteria.  Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by Crowe LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

GRAPHIC

Robert J. McCormick
Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer

GRAPHIC

Michael M. Ozimek
Executive Vice President, and Chief Financial Officer

February 28, 2020
Page 35 of 98


GRAPHIC
Crowe LLP
Independent Member Crowe Global

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Trustco Bank Corp NY
Glenville, New York

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of condition of Trustco Bank Corp NY (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Page 36 of 98


Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Loan Losses – Qualitative Factors

The allowance for loan losses is a significant estimate that is a subjective determination of probable incurred credit losses in relation to the Company’s loan portfolio. Refer to Note 1 – Basis of Presentation for the Company’s accounting policy related to the allowance for loan losses and Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses for the Company’s disclosures related to loans and the associated allowance for loan losses. The Company has identified the allowance for loan losses to be a critical accounting estimate.

The Company’s allowance for loan losses consists of allowance for loan losses for loans collectively evaluated for impairment (“general component”) and loans individually classified as impaired (“specific component”). The general component of the allowance for loan loss begins with a calculation of historical loss experience based on actual historical losses experienced by the Company. The historical loss experience is then supplemented for qualitative factors to arrive at the Company’s estimate of probable incurred losses on loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

The determination of qualitative factors related to the general component of the allowance for loan losses involves significant professional judgement and the use of subjective measurement by management. Evaluating management’s judgments in their determination of these qualitative factors required a high degree of auditor effort and judgment. Therefore, we considered the collective nature of the qualitative factors (assumptions) to be a critical audit matter due to: the subjective nature of the qualitative factors (assumptions), the resulting measurement uncertainty, and because significant portion of the allowance for loan losses is determined through qualitative factors.
Page 37 of 98


The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

Testing of design and operating effectiveness pertaining to (i) management’s internal controls over the reasonableness of assumptions used in the development of the qualitative factors; and (ii) management’s internal controls over the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the determination of the qualitative factors, including mathematical accuracy.
 
Testing management’s process related to the qualitative factors within the general component of the allowance for loan losses. Procedures included (i) testing the completeness and accuracy of significant data, (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumption including the directional consistency and the magnitude of the changes in the qualitative factors (assumptions) compared to changes in the trends in the internal and external data; and (iii) evaluating the overall reasonableness of the allowance for loan losses.

/s/Crowe LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2009.

New York, New York
February 28, 2020
Page 38 of 98




TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY
Consolidated Statements of Income
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
                 
Interest and dividend income:
                 
Interest and fees on loans
 
$
166,610
     
158,304
     
148,133
 
Interest and dividends on securities available for sale:
                       
U. S. government sponsored enterprises
   
3,209
     
3,112
     
2,281
 
State and political subdivisions
   
8
     
22
     
39
 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
   
8,219
     
6,593
     
7,447
 
Corporate bonds
   
1,096
     
687
     
606
 
Small Business Administration-guaranteed participation securities
   
1,121
     
1,339
     
1,547
 
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-commercial
   
-
     
37
     
109
 
Other
   
22
     
18
     
16
 
Total interest and dividends on securities available for sale
   
13,675
     
11,808
     
12,045
 
 
                       
                         
Interest on held to maturity securities:
                       
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations-residential
   
797
     
962
     
1,149
 
Corporate bonds
   
-
     
-
     
410
 
Total interest on held to maturity securities
   
797
     
962
     
1,559
 
 
                       
                         
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
568
     
564
     
544
 
Interest on federal funds sold and other short-term investments
   
10,478
     
9,276
     
6,679
 
Total interest and dividend income
   
192,128
     
180,914
     
168,960
 
 
                       
Interest expense:
                       
Interest on deposits
   
34,853
     
18,958
     
13,190
 
Interest on short-term borrowings
   
1,468
     
1,270
     
1,402
 
Total interest expense
   
36,321
     
20,228
     
14,592
 
 
                       
Net interest income
   
155,807
     
160,686
     
154,368
 
Provision for loan losses
   
159
     
1,400
     
2,000
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
   
155,648
     
159,286
     
152,368
 
 
                       
Noninterest income:
                       
Trustco Financial Services income
   
6,387
     
6,283
     
6,584
 
Fees for services to customers
   
10,110
     
10,912
     
10,798
 
Other
   
2,094
     
886
     
991
 
Total noninterest income
   
18,591
     
18,081
     
18,373
 
 
                       
Noninterest expense:
                       
Salaries and employee benefits
   
46,630
     
42,107
     
40,665
 
Net occupancy expense
   
16,666
     
17,213
     
16,543
 
Equipment expense
   
7,068
     
7,068
     
6,118
 
Professional services
   
6,174
     
6,555
     
6,895
 
Outsourced services
   
7,600
     
7,500
     
6,410
 
Advertising expense
   
2,521
     
3,020
     
2,578
 
FDIC and other insurance expense
   
1,787
     
2,741
     
4,179
 
Other real estate (income) expense, net
   
(166
)
   
1,231
     
1,171
 
Other
   
9,450
     
10,278
     
9,435
 
Total noninterest expense
   
97,730
     
97,713
     
93,994
 
 
                       
Income before income taxes
   
76,509
     
79,654
     
76,747
 
Income taxes
   
18,669
     
18,209
     
33,602
 
Net income
 
$
57,840
     
61,445
     
43,145
 
 
                       
Earnings per share:
                       
Basic
 
$
0.597
     
0.637
     
0.449
 
Diluted
   
0.597
     
0.636
     
0.448
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
Page 39 of 98


TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
                 
Net income
 
$
57,840
     
61,445
     
43,145
 
 
                       
Net unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities available for sale
   
14,459
     
(5,328
)
   
2,524
 
Tax effect
   
(3,757
)
   
1,384
     
(792
)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of tax
   
10,702
     
(3,944
)
   
1,732
 
                         
Change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year
   
5,967
     
(3,684
)
   
3,824
 
Tax effect
   
(1,550
)
   
957
     
(812
)
Change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax
   
4,417
     
(2,727
)
   
3,012
 
 
                       
Amortization of net actuarial gain
   
(274
)
   
(556
)
   
(289
)
Amortization of prior service (benefit) cost
   
(197
)
   
(100
)
   
90
 
Tax effect
   
122
     
170
     
(100
)
Amortization of net actuarial gain and prior service credit on pension and postretirement plans, net of tax
   
(349
)
   
(486
)
   
(299
)
 
                       
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
   
14,770
     
(7,157
)
   
4,445
 
Comprehensive income
 
$
72,610
     
54,288
     
47,590
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
Page 40 of 98


TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY
Consolidated Statements of Condition
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 
As of December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
 
ASSETS
           
 
           
Cash and due from banks
 
$
48,198
     
49,260
 
Federal funds sold and other short term investments
   
408,648
     
454,449
 
Total cash and cash equivalents
   
456,846
     
503,709
 
Securities available for sale
   
573,823
     
501,463
 
Held to maturity securities ($19,680 and $22,924 fair value at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
   
18,618
     
22,501
 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
9,183
     
8,953
 
Loans, net of deferred net costs
   
4,062,196
     
3,874,096
 
Less: Allowance for loan losses
   
44,317
     
44,766
 
Net loans
   
4,017,879
     
3,829,330
 
Bank premises and equipment, net
   
34,622
     
34,694
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
   
51,475
     
-
 
Other assets
   
58,876
     
58,263
 
 
               
Total assets
 
$
5,221,322
     
4,958,913
 
 
               
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
               
Deposits:
               
Demand
 
$
463,858
     
405,069
 
Savings accounts
   
1,113,146
     
1,182,683
 
Interest-bearing checking
   
875,672
     
904,678
 
Money market deposit accounts
   
599,163
     
507,311
 
Time accounts
   
1,398,177
     
1,274,506
 
Total deposits
   
4,450,016
     
4,274,247
 
Short-term borrowings
   
148,666
     
161,893
 
Operating lease liabilities
   
56,553
     
-
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
   
27,830
     
32,902
 
 
               
Total liabilities
   
4,683,065
     
4,469,042
 
 
               
Commitments and contingent liabilities
   
     
 
 
               
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
               
 
               
Capital stock: $1 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized, 100,204,832 and 100,175,032 shares issued at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively
   
100,205
     
100,175
 
Surplus
   
176,427
     
176,710
 
Undivided profits
   
288,067
     
256,397
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
   
4,461
     
(10,309
)
Treasury stock: 3,283,175 and 3,516,440 shares, at cost, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively
   
(30,903
)
   
(33,102
)
                 
Total shareholders' equity
   
538,257
     
489,871
 
                 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
$
5,221,322
     
4,958,913
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
Page 41 of 98


TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 
 
Capital
Stock
   
Surplus
   
Undivided
Profits
   
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
   
Treasury
Stock
   
Total
 
 
                                   
Beginning balance, January 1, 2017
 
$
99,214
     
171,425
     
201,517
     
(6,251
)
   
(33,219
)
   
432,686
 
Net Income
   
-
     
-
     
43,145
     
-
     
-
     
43,145
 
Change in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
4,445
     
-
     
4,445
 
Stock option exercises
   
784
     
4,452
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
5,236
 
Cash dividend declared, $0.2625 per share
   
-
     
-
     
(25,226
)
   
-
     
-
     
(25,226
)
Purchase of treasury stock (574,256 shares)
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
(4,608
)
   
(4,608
)
Sale of treasury stock (299,290 shares)
   
-
     
(376
)
   
-
     
-
     
2,856
     
2,480
 
Stock based compensation expense
   
-
     
150
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
150
 
Ending balance, December 31, 2017
 
$
99,998
     
175,651
     
219,436
     
(1,806
)
   
(34,971
)
   
458,308
 
 
                                               
Net Income
   
-
     
-
     
61,445
     
-
     
-
     
61,445
 
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Reclassification from AOCI to Retained Earnings, Tax Effect
   
-
     
-
     
1,346
     
(1,346
)
   
-
     
-
 
Change in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
(7,157
)
   
-
     
(7,157
)
Stock option exercises
   
177
     
1,082
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
1,259
 
Cash dividend declared, $0.2675 per share
   
-
     
-
     
(25,830
)
   
-
     
-
     
(25,830
)
Purchase of treasury stock (81,940 shares)
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
(718
)
   
(718
)
Sale of treasury stock (274,671 shares)
   
-
     
(196
)
   
-
     
-
     
2,587
     
2,391
 
Stock based compensation expense
   
-
     
173
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
173
 
Ending balance, December 31, 2018
 
$
100,175
     
176,710
     
256,397
     
(10,309
)
   
(33,102
)
   
489,871
 
 
                                               
Net income
   
-
     
-
     
57,840
     
-
     
-
     
57,840
 
Change in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
14,770
     
-
     
14,770
 
Stock options exercises
   
30
     
155
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
185
 
Cash dividend declared, $0.2725 per share
   
-
     
-
     
(26,170
)
   
-
     
-
     
(26,170
)
Purchase of treasury stock (4,131 shares)
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
(35
)
   
(35
)
Sale of treasury stock (237,396 shares)
   
-
     
(443
)
   
-
     
-
     
2,234
     
1,791
 
Stock based compensation expense
   
-
     
5
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
5
 
Ending balance, December 31, 2019
 
$
100,205
     
176,427
     
288,067
     
4,461
     
(30,903
)
   
538,257
 

Page 42 of 98


TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                 
Net income
 
$
57,840
     
61,445
     
43,145
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
   
3,954
     
4,109
     
3,816
 
Amortization of right-of-use asset
   
5,989
     
-
     
-
 
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned
   
(1,316
)
   
(613
)
   
(924
)
Writedown of other real estate owned
   
366
     
769
     
1,071
 
Provision for loan losses
   
159
     
1,400
     
2,000
 
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
   
1,139
     
2,556
     
(183
)
Net amortization of securities
   
2,971
     
3,147
     
4,326
 
Stock based compensation expense
   
5
     
173
     
150
 
Net (gain) loss on sale of bank premises and equipment
   
(3
)
   
(1
)
   
43
 
Decrease in taxes receivable
   
2,049
     
1,683
     
6,124
 
Decrease (increase) in interest receivable
   
426
     
100
     
(371
)
Increase in interest payable
   
435
     
487
     
11
 
Increase in other assets
   
(4,013
)
   
(6,386
)
   
(310
)
Decrease in operating lease liabilities
   
(6,093
)
   
-
     
-
 
(Increase) decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities
   
(110
)
   
(1,229
)
   
2,792
 
Total adjustments
   
5,958
     
6,195
     
18,545
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
63,798
     
67,640
     
61,690
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
Proceeds from sales, paydowns and calls of securities available for sale
   
192,003
     
78,230
     
124,624
 
Purchases of securities available for sale
   
(262,754
)
   
(61,807
)
   
(83,031
)
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale
   
10,052
     
45,604
     
5,000
 
Proceeds from calls and maturities of held to maturity securities
   
3,710
     
5,050
     
17,939
 
Purchases of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
(230
)
   
(174
)
   
(143
)
Proceeds from redemptions of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
-
     
-
     
943
 
Net increase in loans
   
(193,283
)
   
(241,149
)
   
(212,028
)
Proceeds from dispositions of other real estate owned
   
5,622
     
4,071
     
5,362
 
Proceeds from dispositions of bank premises and equipment
   
15
     
1
     
63
 
Purchases of bank premises and equipment
   
(3,894
)
   
(3,646
)
   
(3,613
)
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(248,759
)
   
(173,820
)
   
(144,884
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
Net increase (decrease) in deposits
   
175,769
     
100,921
     
(22,837
)
Net change in short-term borrowings
   
(13,227
)
   
(81,098
)
   
33,585
 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and related tax benefits
   
185
     
1,259
     
5,237
 
Stock based award tax withholding payments
   
-
     
(37
)
   
-
 
Proceeds from sales of treasury stock
   
1,791
     
2,391
     
2,480
 
Purchases of treasury stock
   
(35
)
   
(718
)
   
(4,608
)
Dividends paid
   
(26,385
)
   
(25,569
)
   
(25,197
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
   
138,098
     
(2,851
)
   
(11,340
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
   
(46,863
)
   
(109,031
)
   
(94,534
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
   
503,709
     
612,740
     
707,274
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
456,846
     
503,709
     
612,740
 
Page 43 of 98


Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
                 
Cash paid during the year for:
                 
Interest paid
 
$
35,886
     
19,741
     
14,581
 
Income taxes paid
   
16,806
     
16,359
     
26,127
 
Non cash investing and financing activites:
                       
Transfer of loans to real estate owned
   
4,575
     
2,656
     
4,487
 
(Decrease) increase in dividends payable
   
(215
)
   
261
     
29
 
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale - gross of deferred taxes
   
14,459
     
(5,328
)
   
2,524
 
Change in deferred tax effect on unrealized (gain) loss on securities available for sale, net of reclassification adjustment
   
(3,757
)
   
1,384
     
(792
)
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service credit on pension and post retirement plans, gross of deferred taxes
   
(471
)
   
(656
)
   
(199
)
Change in deferred tax effect of amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service credit on pension and post retirement plans
   
122
     
170
     
(100
)
Change in overfunded portion of pension and post retirement benefit plans (ASC 715) - gross of deferred taxes
   
5,967
     
(3,684
)
   
3,824
 
Deferred tax effect of change in overfunded portion of pension and post retirement benefit plans (ASC 715)
   
(1,550
)
   
957
     
(812
)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
Page 44 of 98


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1)
Basis of Presentation


The accounting and financial reporting policies of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the Company or TrustCo), ORE Subsidiary Corp., Trustco Bank (referred to as Trustco Bank or the Bank), and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Trustco Realty Corporation, Trustco Insurance Agency, Inc., ORE Property, Inc. and its subsidiaries ORE Property One, Inc. and ORE Property Two, Inc. conform to general practices within the banking industry and are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  A description of the more significant policies follows.

Consolidation


The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions.

Use of Estimates


The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity (Debt Securities)


Securities available for sale are carried at fair value with any unrealized appreciation or depreciation of value, net of tax, included as an element of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in shareholders’ equity.  Management maintains an available for sale portfolio in order to provide maximum flexibility in balance sheet management.  The designation of available for sale is made at the time of purchase based upon management’s intent to hold the securities for an indefinite period of time.  These securities, however, are available for sale in response to changes in market interest rates, related changes in liquidity needs, or changes in the availability of and yield on alternative investments.  Unrealized losses on securities that reflect a decline in value which is otherthantemporary, if any, are charged to earnings and/or accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).


Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and are carried at their remaining unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums or unaccreted discounts.


The cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount using the interest method.  Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the interest method over the estimated remaining term of the underlying security without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage backed securities where prepayments are anticipated.


Gains and losses on the sale of securities available for sale are recorded at trade date and determined using the specific identification method.

Other-Than-Temporary-Impairment (“OTTI”)


A decline in the fair value of any available for sale or held to maturity debt security below cost that is deemed to be other than temporary is charged to earnings and/or accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), resulting in the establishment of a new cost basis of the security.  Management evaluates these types of securities for OTTI at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.  Additional discussion of OTTI is included in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements.

Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock


The Bank is a member of the FHLB system.  Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts.  FHLB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value.  Dividends are reported as income.  The Bank is also a member of its regional Federal Reserve Bank.  FRB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value.  Any dividends received are reported as income.


Loans


Loans are carried at the principal amount outstanding net of unearned income and unamortized loan fees and costs, which are recognized as adjustments to interest income over the applicable loan term.  Interest income on loans is accrued based on the principal amount outstanding.
Page 45 of 98




Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans and loans which are three payments or more past due and still accruing interest.  Generally, loans are placed in nonaccrual status either due to the delinquent status of principal and/or interest payments, or a judgment by management that, although payments of principal and/or interest are current, such action is prudent based upon specific facts and circumstances surrounding the borrower.  Typically, a loan is moved to non-accrual status after 90 days of nonpayment in accordance with the Company’s policy.  Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan.  All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on non-accrual status is reversed against interest income.  Future payments received on nonperforming loans are recorded as interest income or principal reductions based upon management’s ultimate expectation for collection.  Loans may be removed from nonaccrual status when they become current as to principal and interest and have demonstrated a sustained ability to make loan payments in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.  Loans may also be removed from nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the loan is expected to be fully collectable as to principal and interest.  When, in the opinion of management, the collection of principal appears unlikely, the loan balance is evaluated in light of its sources of repayment, and a charge-off is recorded when appropriate.


Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized using the level yield method without anticipating prepayments.

Allowance for Loan Losses


The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate by management to provide for probable incurred loan losses.  The allowance is increased by provisions charged against income, while loan losses are charged against the allowance when management deems a loan balance to be uncollectible.  Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.


The Company performs an analysis of the adequacy of the allowance on at least a quarterly basis.  Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations, current economic conditions, past due and chargeoff trends and other factors.  In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses.  Such agencies may require the Company to change the allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination.  Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off.  The allowance methodology consists of specific and general components.  The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired.


A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Additionally, loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings (TDR’s) and classified as impaired.


Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.  Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a casebycase basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.


TDR’s are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception.  If a TDR is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported at the fair value of the collateral with any chargeoff recognized at that time.  For TDR’s that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of additional chargeoff, if any, in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses with respect to impaired loans described previously.


Commercial and commercial real estate loans in nonaccrual status are defined as impaired loans and are individually evaluated for impairment.  In addition, any restructured loans that meet the definition of a TDR are defined as impaired.  If a loan is impaired, a chargeoff is taken so that the loan is reported at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.  Residential real estate loans and consumer loans are collectively evaluated for impairment.


The general component of the allowance covers nonimpaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors.  The historical loss experience is determined by geography for each portfolio segment and is based on the actual net loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent four years.  This actual loss experience is supplemented with other qualitative factors based on the risks present in each geography and portfolio segment.  These factors include consideration of the following: changes in national, regional and local economic trends and conditions; effects of any changes in interest rates; changes in the volume and severity of net chargeoffs, delinquencies, and nonperforming loans; changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system; effects of any changes in credit concentrations; effects of any changes in underwriting standards, lending policies, procedures, and practices; and changes in the nature, volume and terms of loans.  Changes in the volume and severity of net chargeoffs, delinquencies, and nonperforming loans includes consideration of levels and trends of loan delinquencies and net chargeoffs by portfolio segment.  The determination of qualitative factors involves significant judgement, and the use of subjective measurement.
Page 46 of 98




The Company’s allowance methodology also includes additional allocation percentages for residential and installment loans in nonaccrual status and residential and installment loans three payments past due and still accruing interest, and residential loans with loantovalue ratios in excess of 90% at the time of origination.  Additional allocation percentages are applied to commercial loans classified as special mention and substandard by the Company’s loan review grading process that are not considered as impaired to recognize the added risk associated with these loans.  The reserve percentages are determined based upon a review of recent chargeoffs and take into consideration the type of loan, the fixed or variable nature of the loan, and the type and geography of the underlying collateral, if any, specifically for loans that are in these categories.


The following portfolio segments have been identified: commercial loans, residential real estate loans, and installment loans:

Commercial:  Commercial real estate loans and other commercial loans are made based primarily on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.  Commercial real estate collateral is generally located within the Bank’s geographic territories; while collateral for nonreal estate secured commercial loans is typically accounts receivable, inventory, and/or equipment.  Repayment is primarily dependent upon the borrower’s ability to service the debt based upon cash flows generated from the underlying business.  Additional support involves liquidation of the pledged collateral and enforcement of a personal guarantee, if a guarantee is obtained.

Residential real estate:  Residential real estate loans, including first mortgages, home equity loans and home equity lines of credit, are collateralized by first or second liens on onetofour family residences generally located within the Bank’s market areas.  Proof of ownership title, clear mortgage title, and hazard insurance coverage are normally required.

Installment:  The Company’s installment loans are primarily made up of installment loans, personal lines of credit, as well as secured and unsecured credit cards.  The installment loans represent a relatively small portion of the loan portfolio and are primarily used for personal expenses and are secured by automobiles, equipment and other forms of collateral, while personal lines of credit are unsecured as are most credit card loans. In 2019, the company sold its credit card portfolio.

Bank Premises and Equipment


Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation is computed on either the straightline or accelerated methods over the remaining useful lives of the assets; generally 20 to 40 years for buildings, 3 to 7 years for furniture and equipment, and the shorter of the estimated life of the asset or the lease term for leasehold improvements.

Other Real Estate Owned


Assets that are acquired through or instead of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell.  These assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell.  Subsequent write downs and gains and losses on sale are included in noninterest expense.  Operating costs after acquisition are also included in noninterest expense.  At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were $1.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of other real estate owned included in the category of Other Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Condition.

Income Taxes


Deferred taxes are recorded for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns based upon enacted tax laws and rates.  Deferred tax assets are recognized subject to management’s judgment that realization is more likely than not.  The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized on examination.  For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no benefit is recorded.

Dividend Restrictions


The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company.  The payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company is subject to continued compliance with minimum regulatory capital requirements and the filing of notices with the Bank’s and the Company’s regulators.  The Bank’s primary regulator may disapprove a dividend if: the Bank would be undercapitalized following the distribution; the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statue, regulation or agreement between the Bank and a regulator or a condition imposed in a previously approved application or notice. Currently the Bank meets the regulatory definition of a well-capitalized institution.  During 2020, the Bank could declare dividends of approximately $96.7 million plus any 2020 net profits retained to the date of the dividend declaration.
Page 47 of 98



Benefit Plans


The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of its employees.  The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation.  This plan was frozen as of December 31, 2006.


The Company has a postretirement benefit plan that permits retirees under age 65 to participate in the Company’s medical plan by which retirees pay all of their premiums.


Under certain employment contracts with selected executive officers, the Company is obligated to provide postretirement benefits to these individuals once they attain certain vesting requirements.


The Company recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Condition the funded status of the pension plan and postretirement benefit plan with an offset, net of tax, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Stock-Based Compensation Plans


The Company has stock-based compensation plans for employees and directors.  Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees and directors based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant.  A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options while, for restricted stock awards, the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used.


Compensation cost for stock options and restricted stock awards to be settled in stock are recognized over the required service period generally defined as the vesting period.  The expense is recognized over the shorter of each award’s vesting period or the retirement date for any awards that vest immediately upon eligible retirement.


Awards to be settled in cash based on the fair value of the Company’s stock at vesting are treated as liability based awards.


Compensation costs for liability based awards are remeasured at each reporting date and recognized over the vesting period.  For awards with performance based conditions, compensation cost is recognized over the performance period based on the Company’s expectation of the likelihood of meeting the specific performance criteria.

Earnings Per Share


Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  All outstanding unvested sharebased payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends are considered participating securities for this calculation.  Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock options.  At December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company did not have any unvested awards that would be considered participating securities.

Segment Reporting


The Company’s operations are exclusively in the financial services industry and include the provision of traditional banking services.  Management evaluates the performance of the Company based on only one business segment, that of community banking.  The Company operates primarily in the geographical region of Upstate New York with branches also in Florida and the midHudson valley region of New York.  In the opinion of management, the Company does not have any other reportable segments as defined by “Accounting Standards Codification” (ASC) Topic 280, “Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.”

Cash and Cash Equivalents


The Company classifies cash on hand, cash due from banks, Federal Funds sold, and other short-term investments as cash and cash equivalents for disclosure purposes.

Trust Assets


Assets under management with the Trustco Financial Services Department are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because Trustco Financial Services holds these assets in a fiduciary capacity.
Page 48 of 98



Comprehensive Income (Loss)


Comprehensive income (loss) represents the sum of net income and items of other comprehensive income or loss, which are reported directly in shareholders’ equity, net of tax, such as the change in net unrealized gain or loss on securities available for sale and changes in the funded position of the pension and postretirement benefit plans.  Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which is a component of shareholders’ equity, represents the net unrealized gain or loss on securities available for sale, net of tax and the funded position in the Company’s pension plan and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments


Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 13.  Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items.  Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

(2)
Balances at Other Banks


The Company is required to maintain certain reserves of vault cash and/or deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank.  The amount of this reserve requirement, included in cash and due from banks and federal funds sold and other shortterm investments, was approximately $41.5 million and $35.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(3)
Investment Securities

(a)
Securities available for sale


The amortized cost and fair value of the securities available for sale are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
 
                       
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
 
$
104,895
     
36
     
419
     
104,512
 
State and political subdivisions
   
160
     
2
     
-
     
162
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
   
388,537
     
2,406
     
1,426
     
389,517
 
Corporate bonds
   
30,164
     
367
     
95
     
30,436
 
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities
   
48,991
     
-
     
480
     
48,511
 
Other
   
685
     
-
     
-
     
685
 
Total securities available for sale
 
$
573,432
     
2,811
     
2,420
     
573,823
 

(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
 
                       
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
 
$
154,868
     
-
     
2,708
     
152,160
 
State and political subdivisions
   
168
     
5
     
-
     
173
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
   
271,386
     
53
     
9,407
     
262,032
 
Corporate bonds
   
30,048
     
-
     
110
     
29,938
 
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities
   
58,376
     
-
     
1,901
     
56,475
 
Other
   
685
     
-
     
-
     
685
 
Total securities available for sale
 
$
515,531
     
58
     
14,126
     
501,463
 

Page 49 of 98



The following table distributes the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities included in the available for sale portfolio as of December 31, 2019, based on the securities’ final maturity.  Actual maturities may differ because of securities prepayments and the right of certain issuers to call or prepay their obligations without penalty.  Securities not due at a single maturity are shown separately:

(dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Fair
Value
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
10,032
     
10,081
 
Due in one year through five years
   
105,854
     
105,837
 
Due after five years through ten years
   
20,018
     
19,877
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
   
388,537
     
389,517
 
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities
   
48,991
     
48,511
 
 
 
$
573,432
     
573,823
 


Gross unrealized losses on securities available for sale and the related fair values aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position, were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
Less than
12 months
   
12 months
or more
   
Total
 
 
 
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unreal.
Loss
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unreal.
Loss
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unreal.
Loss
 
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
 
$
19,820
     
180
     
74,656
     
239
     
94,476
     
419
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
   
67,322
     
446
     
169,169
     
980
     
236,491
     
1,426
 
Corporate bonds
   
4,905
     
95
     
-
     
-
     
4,905
     
95
 
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities
   
48,510
     
480
     
-
     
-
     
48,510
     
480
 
Total
 
$
140,557
     
1,201
     
243,825
     
1,219
     
384,382
     
2,420
 

(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Less than
12 months
   
12 months
or more
   
Total
 
 
 
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unreal.
Loss
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unreal.
Loss
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unreal.
Loss
 
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
 
$
29,870
     
106
     
112,291
     
2,602
     
142,161
     
2,708
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
   
1,102
     
11
     
259,729
     
9,396
     
260,831
     
9,407
 
Corporate bonds
   
14,943
     
98
     
9,995
     
12
     
24,938
     
110
 
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities
   
-
     
-
     
56,475
     
1,901
     
56,475
     
1,901
 
Total
 
$
45,915
     
215
     
438,490
     
13,911
     
484,405
     
14,126
 


The proceeds from calls/paydowns of securities available for sale during 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Proceeds from calls/paydowns
   
192,003
     
78,230
     
124,624
 


There were no sales or realized gains or losses of available for sale securities in 2019, 2018 and 2017.


The amount of securities that have been pledged to secure short-term borrowings and for other purposes amounted to $207.5 million and $205.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Page 50 of 98



(b)
Held to maturity securities



The amortized cost and fair value of the held to maturity securities are as follows:

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrecognized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrecognized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
 
$
18,618
     
1,062
     
-
     
19,680
 
Total held to maturity
 
$
18,618
     
1,062
     
-
     
19,680
 

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrecognized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrecognized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
 
$
22,501
     
577
     
154
     
22,924
 
Total held to maturity
 
$
22,501
     
577
     
154
     
22,924
 


The following table distributes the debt securities included in the held to maturity portfolio as of December 31, 2019, based on the securities’ final maturity.  Actual maturities may differ because of securities prepayments and the right of certain issuers to call or prepay their obligations without penalty.  Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

(dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Fair
Value
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
 
$
18,618
     
19,680
 
 
 
$
18,618
     
19,680
 


There were no held to maturity securities in an unrecognized loss position as of December 31, 2019. There were held to maturity securities with a fair value of $11.0 million and a loss of $154 thousand, all of which were in a loss position under 12 months as of December 31, 2018. There were no sales or transfers of held to maturity securities during 2019 and 2018.

(c)
Concentrations


The Company has the following balances of securities held in the available for sale and held to maturity portfolios as of December 31, 2019 that represent greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity:

(dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Fair
Value
 
Federal National Mortgage Association
 
$
240,324
     
239,846
 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
   
96,989
     
97,177
 
Government National Mortgage Association
   
99,742
     
101,927
 
Federal Farm Credit Bureau
   
54,995
     
54,757
 

(d)
Other-Than-Temporary-Impairment


Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.  The investment securities portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio by type and applying the appropriate OTTI model.


In determining OTTI for debt securities, management considers many factors, including: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery.  The assessment of whether any otherthantemporary decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in time.
Page 51 of 98





When OTTI occurs, the amount of the OTTI recognized in earnings depends on whether management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis.  If management intends to sell or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date.  If management does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI on debt securities shall be separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors.  The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized in earnings.  The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.  The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment.


As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s security portfolio included certain securities which were in an unrealized loss position, and are discussed below.

U.S. government sponsored enterprises


In the case of unrealized losses on U.S. government sponsored enterprises, because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019.

Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations – residential


At December 31, 2019, all mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations held by the Company were issued by U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies, primarily Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, institutions which the government has affirmed its commitment to support.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be otherthantemporarily impaired at December 31, 2019.

Corporate Bonds


At December 31, 2019, corporate bonds held by the Company are investment grade quality.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019.

Small Business Administration (SBA) - guaranteed participation securities


At December 31, 2019, all of the SBA securities held by the Company were issued and guaranteed by U.S. Small Business Administration.  Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019.


As a result of the above analysis, for the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company did not recognize any otherthantemporary impairment losses for credit or any other reason.
Page 52 of 98



(4)
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses


The following tables present the recorded investment in loans by loan class:

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
New York and
other states*
   
Florida
   
Total
 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
162,186
     
17,752
     
179,938
 
Other
   
19,326
     
235
     
19,561
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                       
First mortgages
   
2,541,440
     
953,995
     
3,495,435
 
Home equity loans
   
69,791
     
18,548
     
88,339
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
221,487
     
46,435
     
267,922
 
Installment
   
8,706
     
2,295
     
11,001
 
Total loans, net
 
$
3,022,936
     
1,039,260
     
4,062,196
 
Less: Allowance for loan losses
                   
44,317
 
Net loans
                 
$
4,017,879
 

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
New York and
other states*
   
Florida
   
Total
 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
156,278
     
15,275
     
171,553
 
Other
   
24,330
     
263
     
24,593
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                       
First mortgages
   
2,442,711
     
845,166
     
3,287,877
 
Home equity loans
   
71,523
     
17,308
     
88,831
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
243,765
     
45,775
     
289,540
 
Installment
   
9,462
     
2,240
     
11,702
 
Total loans, net
 
$
2,948,069
     
926,027
     
3,874,096
 
Less: Allowance for loan losses
                   
44,766
 
Net loans
                 
$
3,829,330
 


* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.


At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had approximately $28.5 million and $26.7 million of real estate construction loans, respectively.  Of the $28.5 million in real estate construction loans at December 31, 2019, approximately $10.7 million were secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers with the remaining $17.8 million were to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects.  Of the $26.7 million in real estate construction loans at December 31, 2018, approximately $14.2 million were secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers with the remaining $12.5 million were to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects.  The vast majority of construction loans are in the Company’s New York market.


At December 31, 2019 and 2018, loans to executive officers, directors, and to associates of such persons aggregated $4.4 million and $5.5 million, respectively.  During 2019, approximately $1.0 million of new loans were made and repayments of loans totaled approximately $2.1 million.  The composition of related parties did not change at December 31, 2019.  All loans are current according to their terms.


TrustCo lends in the geographic territory of its branch locations in New York, Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Vermont.  Although the loan portfolio is diversified, a portion of its debtors’ ability to repay depends significantly on the economic conditions prevailing in the respective geographic territory.
Page 53 of 98




The following tables present the recorded investment in non-accrual loans by loan class:

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
New York and
other states*
   
Florida
   
Total
 
Loans in non-accrual status:
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
733
     
-
     
733
 
Other
   
83
     
-
     
83
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                       
First mortgages
   
15,385
     
1,468
     
16,853
 
Home equity loans
   
218
     
48
     
266
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
2,804
     
98
     
2,902
 
Installment
   
3
     
-
     
3
 
Total non-accrual loans
   
19,226
     
1,614
     
20,840
 
Restructured real estate mortgages - 1 to 4 family
   
29
     
-
     
29
 
Total nonperforming loans
 
$
19,255
     
1,614
     
20,869
 

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
New York and
other states*
   
Florida
   
Total
 
Loans in non-accrual status:
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
639
     
-
     
639
 
Other
   
6
     
-
     
6
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                       
First mortgages
   
18,202
     
1,812
     
20,014
 
Home equity loans
   
247
     
-
     
247
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
3,924
     
103
     
4,027
 
Installment
   
4
     
15
     
19
 
Total non-accrual loans
   
23,022
     
1,930
     
24,952
 
Restructured real estate mortgages - 1 to 4 family
   
34
     
-
     
34
 
Total nonperforming loans
 
$
23,056
     
1,930
     
24,986
 


* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.



The Company transfers loans to other real estate owned, at fair value less cost to sell, in the period the Company obtains physical possession of the property (through legal title or through a deed in lieu).  As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, other real estate owned included $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of residential foreclosed properties.  In addition, nonaccrual residential mortgage loans that are in the process of foreclosure had a recorded investment of $8.7 million and $12.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Page 54 of 98




The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by loan class and by region as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:


The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by loan class and by region:

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
                                   
New York and other states*:
 
30-59
Days
   
60-89
Days
   
90 +
Days
   
Total
30+ days
         
Total
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Current
   
Loans
 
 
                                   
Commercial:
                                   
Commercial real estate
 
$
141
     
-
     
617
     
758
     
161,428
     
162,186
 
Other
   
80
     
-
     
33
     
113
     
19,213
     
19,326
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                               
First mortgages
   
3,444
     
292
     
11,328
     
15,064
     
2,526,376
     
2,541,440
 
Home equity loans
   
183
     
7
     
133
     
323
     
69,468
     
69,791
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
232
     
149
     
1,141
     
1,522
     
219,965
     
221,487
 
Installment
   
37
     
8
     
3
     
48
     
8,658
     
8,706
 
 
                                               
Total
 
$
4,117
     
456
     
13,255
     
17,828
     
3,005,108
     
3,022,936
 

Florida:
 
30-59
Days
   
60-89
Days
   
90 +
Days
   
Total
30+ days
         
Total
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Current
   
Loans
 
 
                                   
Commercial:
                                   
Commercial real estate
 
$
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
17,752
     
17,752
 
Other
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
235
     
235
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                               
First mortgages
   
542
     
-
     
617
     
1,159
     
952,836
     
953,995
 
Home equity loans
   
63
     
-
     
-
     
63
     
18,485
     
18,548
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
80
     
-
     
50
     
130
     
46,305
     
46,435
 
Installment
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
2,295
     
2,295
 
 
                                               
Total
 
$
685
     
-
     
667
     
1,352
     
1,037,908
     
1,039,260
 

Total:
 
30-59
Days
   
60-89
Days
   
90 +
Days
   
Total
30+ days
         
Total
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Current
   
Loans
 
 
                                   
Commercial:
                                   
Commercial real estate
 
$
141
     
-
     
617
     
758
     
179,180
     
179,938
 
Other
   
80
     
-
     
33
     
113
     
19,448
     
19,561
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                               
First mortgages
   
3,986
     
292
     
11,945
     
16,223
     
3,479,212
     
3,495,435
 
Home equity loans
   
246
     
7
     
133
     
386
     
87,953
     
88,339
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
312
     
149
     
1,191
     
1,652
     
266,270
     
267,922
 
Installment
   
37
     
8
     
3
     
48
     
10,953
     
11,001
 
 
                                               
Total
 
$
4,802
     
456
     
13,922
     
19,180
     
4,043,016
     
4,062,196
 


* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.
Page 55 of 98



 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
                                   
New York and other states*:
 
30-59
Days
   
60-89
Days
   
90 +
Days
   
Total
30+ days
         
Total
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Current
   
Loans
 
 
                                   
Commercial:
                                   
Commercial real estate
 
$
198
     
-
     
370
     
568
     
155,710
     
156,278
 
Other
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
24,330
     
24,330
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                               
First mortgages
   
3,276
     
898
     
13,267
     
17,441
     
2,425,270
     
2,442,711
 
Home equity loans
   
158
     
94
     
212
     
464
     
71,059
     
71,523
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
963
     
348
     
1,691
     
3,002
     
240,763
     
243,765
 
Installment
   
44
     
29
     
2
     
75
     
9,387
     
9,462
 
 
                                               
Total
 
$
4,639
     
1,369
     
15,542
     
21,550
     
2,926,519
     
2,948,069
 

Florida:
 
30-59
Days
   
60-89
Days
   
90 +
Days
   
Total
30+ days
         
Total
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Current
   
Loans
 
 
                                   
Commercial:
                                   
Commercial real estate
 
$
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
15,275
     
15,275
 
Other
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
263
     
263
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                               
First mortgages
   
417
     
407
     
721
     
1,545
     
843,621
     
845,166
 
Home equity loans
   
50
     
-
     
-
     
50
     
17,258
     
17,308
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
40
     
-
     
50
     
90
     
45,685
     
45,775
 
Installment
   
12
     
7
     
15
     
34
     
2,206
     
2,240
 
 
                                               
Total
 
$
519
     
414
     
786
     
1,719
     
924,308
     
926,027
 

Total:
 
30-59
Days
   
60-89
Days
   
90 +
Days
   
Total
30+ days
         
Total
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Past Due
   
Current
   
Loans
 
 
                                   
Commercial:
                                   
Commercial real estate
 
$
198
     
-
     
370
     
568
     
170,985
     
171,553
 
Other
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
24,593
     
24,593
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                               
First mortgages
   
3,693
     
1,305
     
13,988
     
18,986
     
3,268,891
     
3,287,877
 
Home equity loans
   
208
     
94
     
212
     
514
     
88,317
     
88,831
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
1,003
     
348
     
1,741
     
3,092
     
286,448
     
289,540
 
Installment
   
56
     
36
     
17
     
109
     
11,593
     
11,702
 
 
                                               
Total
 
$
5,158
     
1,783
     
16,328
     
23,269
     
3,850,827
     
3,874,096
 


* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.


At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no loans that are 90 days past due and still accruing interest.  As a result, nonaccrual loans includes all loans 90 days past due and greater as well as certain loans less than 90 days past due that were placed in nonaccruing status for reasons other than delinquent status.  There are no commitments to extend further credit on nonaccrual or restructured loans.
Page 56 of 98




Activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment is summarized as follows:


 
For the year ended December 31, 2019
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Commercial
   
Real Estate
Mortgage-
1 to 4 Family
   
Installment
   
Total
 
 
                       
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
4,048
     
39,772
     
946
     
44,766
 
Loans charged off:
                               
New York and other states*
   
20
     
945
     
165
     
1,130
 
Florida
   
-
     
29
     
48
     
77
 
Total loan chargeoffs
   
20
     
974
     
213
     
1,207
 
 
                               
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
                               
New York and other states*
   
46
     
496
     
21
     
563
 
Florida
   
-
     
36
     
-
     
36
 
Total recoveries
   
46
     
532
     
21
     
599
 
Net loans charged off (recoveries)
   
(26
)
   
442
     
192
     
608
 
Provision (recoveries) for loan losses
   
(75
)
   
418
     
(184
)
   
159
 
Balance at end of period
 
$
3,999
     
39,748
     
570
     
44,317
 

 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Commercial
   
Real Estate
Mortgage-
1 to 4 Family
   
Installment
   
Total
 
 
                       
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
4,324
     
39,077
     
769
     
44,170
 
Loans charged off:
                               
New York and other states*
   
100
     
846
     
224
     
1,170
 
Florida
   
-
     
-
     
33
     
33
 
Total loan chargeoffs
   
100
     
846
     
257
     
1,203
 
 
                               
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
                               
New York and other states*
   
10
     
348
     
32
     
390
 
Florida
   
-
     
3
     
6
     
9
 
Total recoveries
   
10
     
351
     
38
     
399
 
Net loans charged off (recoveries)
   
90
     
495
     
219
     
804
 
Provision (recoveries) for loan losses
   
(186
)
   
1,190
     
396
     
1,400
 
Balance at end of period
 
$
4,048
     
39,772
     
946
     
44,766
 

 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2017
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Commercial
   
Real Estate
Mortgage-
1 to 4 Family
   
Installment
   
Total
 
 
                       
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
4,929
     
38,231
     
730
     
43,890
 
Loans charged off:
                               
New York and other states*
   
72
     
2,053
     
200
     
2,325
 
Florida
   
-
     
167
     
19
     
186
 
Total loan chargeoffs
   
72
     
2,220
     
219
     
2,511
 
 
                               
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
                               
New York and other states*
   
96
     
596
     
26
     
718
 
Florida
   
-
     
73
     
-
     
73
 
Total recoveries
   
96
     
669
     
26
     
791
 
Net loans charged off (recoveries)
   
(24
)
   
1,551
     
193
     
1,720
 
Provision (recoveries) for loan losses
   
(629
)
   
2,397
     
232
     
2,000
 
Balance at end of period
 
$
4,324
     
39,077
     
769
     
44,170
 


* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.
Page 57 of 98




The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Commercial
Loans
   
1-to-4 Family
Residential
Real Estate
   
Installment
Loans
   
Total
 
 
                       
Allowance for loan losses:
                       
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:
                       
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
3,999
     
39,748
     
570
     
44,317
 
 
                               
Total ending allowance balance
 
$
3,999
     
39,748
     
570
     
44,317
 
 
                               
Loans:
                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
1,437
     
19,539
     
-
     
20,976
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
198,062
     
3,832,157
     
11,001
     
4,041,220
 
 
                               
Total ending loans balance
 
$
199,499
     
3,851,696
     
11,001
     
4,062,196
 

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Commercial
Loans
   
1-to-4 Family
Residential
Real Estate
   
Installment
Loans
   
Total
 
 
                       
Allowance for loan losses:
                       
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:
                       
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
4,048
     
39,772
     
946
     
44,766
 
 
                               
Total ending allowance balance
 
$
4,048
     
39,772
     
946
     
44,766
 
 
                               
Loans:
                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
1,424
     
20,864
     
-
     
22,288
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
194,722
     
3,645,384
     
11,702
     
3,851,808
 
 
                               
Total ending loans balance
 
$
196,146
     
3,666,248
     
11,702
     
3,874,096
 


The Company has identified nonaccrual commercial and commercial real estate loans, as well as all loans restructured under a troubled debt restructuring (TDR), as impaired loans.  A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is restructured in a TDR.


A loan for which the terms have been modified, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, is considered a TDR and is classified as impaired.  TDR’s at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception or the fair value of the underlying collateral if the loan is considered collateral dependent.
Page 58 of 98




The following tables present impaired loans by loan class as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
New York and other states*:
                       
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance
   
YTD Avg
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                       
Commercial:
                       
Commercial real estate
 
$
1,217
     
1,359
     
-
     
1,385
 
Other
   
115
     
115
     
-
     
38
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                               
First mortgages
   
14,414
     
14,714
     
-
     
14,358
 
Home equity loans
   
235
     
255
     
-
     
241
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
2,160
     
2,300
     
-
     
2,274
 
 
                               
Total
 
$
18,141
     
18,743
     
-
     
18,296
 

Florida:
                       
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance
   
YTD Avg
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                       
Commercial:
                       
Commercial real estate
 
$
105
     
105
     
-
     
82
 
Other
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
26
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                               
First mortgages
   
2,486
     
2,486
     
-
     
2,259
 
Home equity loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
51
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
244
     
244
     
-
     
249
 
 
                               
Total
 
$
2,835
     
2,835
     
-
     
2,667
 

Total:
                       
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance
   
YTD Avg
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                       
Commercial:
                       
Commercial real estate
 
$
1,322
     
1,464
     
-
     
1,467
 
Other
   
115
     
115
     
-
     
64
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                               
First mortgages
   
16,900
     
17,200
     
-
     
16,617
 
Home equity loans
   
235
     
255
     
-
     
292
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
2,404
     
2,544
     
-
     
2,523
 
 
                               
Total
 
$
20,976
     
21,578
     
-
     
20,963
 


* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.
Page 59 of 98



 
 
December 31, 2018
 
New York and other states*:
                       
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance
   
YTD Avg
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                       
Commercial:
                       
Commercial real estate
 
$
1,274
     
1,444
     
-
     
1,503
 
Other
   
38
     
88
     
-
     
123
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                               
First mortgages
   
15,210
     
15,661
     
-
     
15,577
 
Home equity loans
   
252
     
272
     
-
     
262
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
2,772
     
2,996
     
-
     
2,772
 
 
                               
Total
 
$
19,546
     
20,461
     
-
     
20,237
 

Florida:
                       
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance
   
YTD Avg
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                       
Commercial:
                       
Commercial real estate
 
$
112
     
112
     
-
     
57
 
Other
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                               
First mortgages
   
2,293
     
2,399
     
-
     
2,455
 
Home equity loans
   
84
     
84
     
-
     
86
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
253
     
253
     
-
     
326
 
 
                               
Total
 
$
2,742
     
2,848
     
-
     
2,924
 

Total:
                       
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance
   
YTD Avg
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                       
Commercial:
                       
Commercial real estate
 
$
1,386
     
1,556
     
-
     
1,560
 
Other
   
38
     
88
     
-
     
123
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                               
First mortgages
   
17,503
     
18,060
     
-
     
18,032
 
Home equity loans
   
336
     
356
     
-
     
348
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
3,025
     
3,249
     
-
     
3,098
 
 
                               
Total
 
$
22,288
     
23,309
     
-
     
23,161
 

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.


The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as impaired.  Interest income recognized on impaired loans was not material in 2019, 2018, and 2017.


Included in impaired loans are approximately $11.1 million of loans in accruing status that were identified as TDR’s as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.


Management evaluates impairment on impaired loans on a quarterly basis.  If, during this evaluation, impairment of the loan is identified, a chargeoff is taken at that time if necessary.  As a result, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, based upon management’s evaluation and due to the sufficiency of chargeoffs taken, none of the allowance for loan losses has been allocated to a specific impaired loan(s).
Page 60 of 98




The following table presents modified loans by class that were determined to be TDR’s that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

 
 
Year ended 12/31/2019
   
Year ended 12/31/2018
   
Year ended 12/31/2017
 
 New York and other states*:
                                                     
(dollars in thousands)
 
Number of
Contracts
   
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                                                     
Commercial:
                                                     
Commercial real estate
   
1
   
$
125
     
125
     
6
   
$
747
     
747
     
4
   
$
426
     
426
 
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                                                       
First mortgages
   
18
     
2,621
     
2,621
     
18
     
2,349
     
2,349
     
44
     
5,653
     
5,653
 
Home equity loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
1
     
6
     
6
     
3
     
56
     
56
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
2
     
235
     
235
     
5
     
325
     
325
     
18
     
868
     
868
 
 
                                                                       
Total
   
21
   
$
2,981
     
2,981
     
30
   
$
3,427
     
3,427
     
69
   
$
7,003
     
7,003
 

Florida:
                                                     
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Number of
Contracts
   
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
   
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                                                     
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                                     
First mortgages
   
6
   
$
632
     
632
     
1
   
$
35
     
35
     
10
   
$
1,076
     
1,076
 
Home equity loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
2
     
95
     
95
 
 
                                                                       
Total
   
6
   
$
632
     
632
     
1
   
$
35
     
35
     
12
   
$
1,171
     
1,171
 

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.


The addition of these TDR’s did not have a significant impact on the allowance for loan losses.


The following table presents loans by class modified as TDR’s that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 for which there was a payment default within 12 months of modification:

 
 
Year ended 12/31/2019
   
Year ended 12/31/2018
   
Year ended 12/31/2017
 
New York and other states*:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Number of
Contracts
   
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                                   
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                   
First mortgages
   
2
   
$
418
     
1
   
$
101
     
1
   
$
72
 
Home equity loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
1
     
3
 
 
                                               
Total
   
2
   
$
418
     
1
   
$
101
     
2
   
$
75
 

Florida:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Number of
Contracts
   
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Recorded
Investment
   
Number of
Contracts
   
Recorded
Investment
 
 
                                   
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:
                                   
First mortgages
   
-
   
$
-
     
-
   
$
-
     
-
   
$
-
 
Home equity lines of credit
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
 
                                               
Total
   
-
   
$
-
     
-
   
$
-
     
-
   
$
-
 

* Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.


In situations where the Bank considers a loan modification, management determines whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty by performing an evaluation of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification.  This evaluation is performed under the Company’s underwriting policy.  Generally, the modification of the terms of loans was the result of the borrower filing for bankruptcy protection.  Chapter 13 bankruptcies generally include the deferral of all past due amounts for a period of generally 60 months in accordance with the bankruptcy court order.  In the case of Chapter 7 bankruptcies, even though there is no modification of terms, the borrowers’ debt to the Company was discharged and they may not reaffirm the debt.
Page 61 of 98




A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.  In situations involving a borrower filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection, however, a loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due, consistent with the treatment by the bankruptcy court.


The TDR’s that subsequently defaulted described above did not have a material impact on the allowance for loan losses as the underlying collateral was evaluated at the time these loans were identified as TDR’s, and a chargeoff was taken at that time, if necessary.  Collateral values on these loans are reviewed for collateral sufficiency on a quarterly basis.


The Company categorizes non-homogenous loans such as commercial and commercial real estate loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors.  On at least an annual basis, in accordance with the Company’s Loan Policy, the Company analyzes non-homogeneous loans, individually by grading the loans based on credit risk.  The loan grades assigned to all loan types are also tested by the Company’s external loan review firm in accordance with the Company’s loan review policy.

The Company uses the following definitions for classified loans:

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.  All doubtful loans are considered impaired.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above-described process are considered to be pass rated loans.


As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows:

 
 
December 31, 2019
 
New York and other states*:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
Classified
   
Total
 
 
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
157,280
     
4,906
     
162,186
 
Other
   
18,384
     
942
     
19,326
 
 
 
$
175,664
     
5,848
     
181,512
 

Florida:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
Classified
   
Total
 
 
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
17,752
     
-
     
17,752
 
Other
   
235
     
-
     
235
 
 
 
$
17,987
     
-
     
17,987
 

Total:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
Classified
   
Total
 
 
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
175,032
     
4,906
     
179,938
 
Other
   
18,619
     
942
     
19,561
 
   
$
193,651
     
5,848
     
199,499
 

* Includes New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts.
Page 62 of 98



 
 
December 31, 2018
 
New York and other states*:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
Classified
   
Total
 
 
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
151,405
     
4,873
     
156,278
 
Other
   
23,325
     
1,005
     
24,330
 
 
 
$
174,730
     
5,878
     
180,608
 

Florida:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
Classified
   
Total
 
 
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
15,163
     
112
     
15,275
 
Other
   
263
     
-
     
263
 
 
 
$
15,426
     
112
     
15,538
 

Total:
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
Classified
   
Total
 
 
                 
Commercial:
                 
Commercial real estate
 
$
166,568
     
4,985
     
171,553
 
Other
   
23,588
     
1,005
     
24,593
 
   
$
190,156
     
5,990
     
196,146
 

* Includes New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts.

Included in classified loans in the above tables are impaired loans of $816 thousand and $645 thousand at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


For homogeneous loan pools, such as residential mortgages, home equity lines of credit, and installment loans, the Company uses payment status to identify the credit risk in these loan portfolios.  Payment status is reviewed on a daily basis by the Bank’s collection area and on a monthly basis with respect to determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.  The payment status of these homogeneous pools at December 31, 2019 and 2018 is included in the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans table.  In addition, the total nonperforming portion of these homogeneous loan pools at December 31, 2019 and 2018 is presented in the recorded investment in non-accrual loans table.

(5)
Bank Premises and Equipment


A summary of premises and equipment at December 31, 2019 and 2018 follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
 
Land
 
$
2,337
   
$
2,308
 
Buildings
   
36,245
     
34,969
 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
   
54,245
     
52,153
 
Leasehold improvements
   
32,176
     
31,906
 
Total bank premises and equipment
   
125,003
     
121,336
 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
   
(90,381
)
   
(86,642
)
Total
 
$
34,622
   
$
34,694
 


Depreciation and amortization expense was approximately $4.0 million, $4.1 million, and $3.8 million for the years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.  Occupancy expense of the Bank’s premises included rental expense of $7.8 million in 2019, $8.0 million in 2018, and $7.8 million in 2017.
Page 63 of 98



(6)
Deposits


Interest expense on deposits was as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
                 
Interest bearing checking accounts
 
$
288
     
442
     
478
 
Savings accounts
   
1,338
     
1,657
     
1,729
 
Time deposits and money market accounts
   
33,227
     
16,859
     
10,983
 
Total
 
$
34,853
     
18,958
     
13,190
 


At December 31, 2019, the maturity of total time deposits is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
     
 
     
Under 1 year
 
$
1,268,816
 
1 to 2 years
   
114,098
 
2 to 3 years
   
8,706
 
3 to 4 years
   
3,619
 
4 to 5 years
   
2,741
 
Over 5 years
   
197
 
 
 
$
1,398,177
 


Included in total time deposits as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is $ 227.6 million and $182.2 million in time deposits with balances in excess of $250,000.

(7)
Short-Term Borrowings


Short-term borrowings of the Company were cash management accounts as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
                 
Amount outstanding at December 31,
 
$
148,666
     
161,893
     
242,991
 
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end
   
169,214
     
233,522
     
252,996
 
Average amount outstanding
   
159,220
     
194,810
     
228,086
 
Weighted average interest rate:
                       
For the year
   
0.92
%
   
0.65
     
0.61
 
As of year end
   
0.90
     
0.95
     
0.62
 


Cash management accounts represent retail accounts with customers for which the Bank has pledged certain assets as collateral.


Trustco Bank also has an available line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York which approximates the balance of securities and/or loans pledged against such borrowings.  The line of credit requires securities and/or loans to be pledged as collateral for the amount borrowed.  As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had no outstanding borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York.


Trustco Bank is approved to borrow on a short-term basis from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.  The Bank can pledge certain securities to the Federal Reserve Bank to support this arrangement.  As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank had no outstanding borrowings and loans with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Page 64 of 98



(8)
Income Taxes


A summary of income tax expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Income follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Current tax expense:
                 
Federal
 
$
15,171
     
13,897
     
26,510
 
State
   
2,359
     
1,756
     
2,221
 
Total current tax expense
   
17,530
     
15,653
     
28,731
 
Enactment of Federal Tax Reform
   
-
     
-
     
5,054
 
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
   
1,139
     
2,556
     
(183
)
Total income tax expense
 
$
18,669
     
18,209
     
33,602
 


The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018, are as follows:

 
 
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
 
 
 
Deductible
temporary
differences
   
Deductible
temporary
differences
 
 
           
Benefits and deferred remuneration
 
$
(5,156
)
 
$
(5,204
)
Difference in reporting the allowance for loan losses, net
   
11,385
     
12,082
 
Other income or expense not yet reported for tax purposes
   
(314
)
   
(210
)
Depreciable assets
   
(2,347
)
   
(1,961
)
Net deferred tax asset at end of year
   
3,568
     
4,707
 
Net deferred tax asset at beginning of year
   
4,707
     
7,263
 
Deferred tax expense
 
$
1,139
   
$
2,556
 


Deferred tax assets are recognized subject to management’s judgment that realization is more likely than not.  Based primarily on the sufficiency of expected future taxable income, management believes it is more likely than not that the remaining deferred tax asset of $3.6 million and $4.7 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, will be realized.


In addition to the deferred tax items described in the preceding table, the Company has deferred tax assets (liabilities) of ($101) thousand and $3.7 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, relating to the net unrealized losses on securities available for sale and deferred tax (liabilities) assets of approximately ($1.4) million and ($200) thousand at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of changes in the unrecognized overfunded position in the Company’s pension and postretirement benefit plans recorded, net of tax, as an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss.


The effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal income tax rate.  The reasons for these differences are as follows:

 
 
For the years ended
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Statutory federal income tax rate
   
21.0
%
   
21.0
     
35.0
 
Increase/(decrease) in taxes resulting from:
                       
Tax exempt income
   
-
     
(0.1
)
   
(0.1
)
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit
   
2.6
     
2.4
     
1.6
 
Enactment of Federal Tax Reform
   
-
     
-
     
6.6
 
Other items
   
0.8
     
(0.4
)
   
0.7
 
Effective income tax rate
   
24.4
%
   
22.9
     
43.8
 

Page 65 of 98



On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its income tax positions based on tax laws and regulations and financial reporting considerations, and records adjustments as appropriate.  This evaluation takes into consideration the status of taxing authorities’ current examinations of the Company’s tax returns, recent positions taken by the taxing authorities on similar transactions, if any, and the overall tax environment in relation to uncertain tax positions.


The Company does not anticipate a material charge to the amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.


The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in noninterest expense.  For the years 2019, 2018, and 2017, these amounts were not material.  The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction as well as in various states.  In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income tax examinations by tax authorities.  The Company's federal and state income tax returns for the years 2016 through 2019 remain open to examination.  The Company’s 2014, 2015 and 2016 New York State income tax returns are currently under examination.


On December 22, 2017 H.R.1, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”), was signed into law.  The Act included many provisions that affect our income tax expense, including reducing our federal tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018.  As a result of this rate reduction, we were required to re-measure, through income tax expense in the period of enactment, our deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted rate at which we expect them to be recovered or settled.  The remeasurement of our net deferred tax asset resulted in additional 2017 income tax expense of $5.1 million.


Also on December 22, 2017, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address any uncertainty or diversity of views in practice in accounting for the income tax effect of the Act in situations where a registrant did not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete this accounting in the reporting period that included the enactment date.  SAB 118 allowed for a measurement period, not to extend beyond one year of the Act’s enactment date, to complete the necessary accounting.


As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s deferred tax liability for temporary differences between the tax and financial reporting bases of fixed assets and the implementation of software updates to process the calculations associated with the Act’s provisions has been completed.  This Act’s provision allows for 100% bonus depreciation on fixed assets placed in service after September 27, 2017.  The adjustment to the temporary difference between the tax and financial reporting bases of fixed assets resulted in a one-time benefit of $880 thousand.


The Company made no adjustments to deferred tax assets representing future deductions for accrued compensation that may be subject to new limitations under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) which, generally, limits, the annual deduction for certain compensation paid to certain employees to $1 million.  As of December 31, 2017, there was uncertainty regarding how the newly-enacted rules in this area apply to existing contracts.  These matters were finalized in 2018 with no material impact to Income tax expense.

(9)
Benefit Plans

(a)
Retirement Plan


The Company maintains a trusteed non-contributory pension plan covering employees that have completed one year of employment and 1,000 hours of service.  The benefits are based on the sum of (a) a benefit equal to a prior service benefit plus the average of the employees’ highest five consecutive years’ compensation in the ten years preceding retirement multiplied by a percentage of service after a specified date plus (b) a benefit based upon career average compensation.  The amounts contributed to the plan are determined annually on the basis of (a) the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes or (b) the amount certified by a consulting actuary as necessary to avoid an accumulated funding deficiency as defined by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.  Contributions are intended to provide for benefits attributed to service to date.  Assets of the plan are administered by Trustco Bank’s Financial Services Department.  This plan was frozen as of December 31, 2006.
Page 66 of 98




The following tables set forth the plan’s funded status and amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of condition at December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Change in Projected Benefit Obligation:

 
 
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
 
 
           
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
 
$
28,518
     
31,219
 
Service cost
   
42
     
34
 
Interest cost
   
1,244
     
1,197
 
Benefit payments and expected expenses
   
(1,798
)
   
(1,937
)
Net actuarial loss (gain)
   
2,818
     
(1,995
)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
30,824
     
28,518
 


Change in Plan Assets and Reconciliation of Funded Status:

 
 
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
 
 
           
Fair Value of plan assets at beginning of year
 
$
44,157
     
47,227
 
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets
   
8,902
     
(1,126
)
Benefit payments and actual expenses
   
(1,795
)
   
(1,944
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
   
51,264
     
44,157
 
 
               
Funded status at end of year
 
$
20,440
     
15,639
 


Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of the following as of:

 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
 
Net actuarial loss
 
$
1,787
     
5,122
 


The accumulated benefit obligation was $30.8 million and $28.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Page 67 of 98




Components of Net Periodic Pension Income and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:

 
 
For the years ended
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
                 
Service cost
 
$
42
     
34
     
42
 
Interest cost
   
1,244
     
1,197
     
1,303
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(2,811
)
   
(3,012
)
   
(2,742
)
Amortization of net loss
   
59
     
-
     
67
 
Net periodic pension credit
   
(1,466
)
   
(1,781
)
   
(1,330
)
 
                       
Amortization of net loss
   
(59
)
   
-
     
(67
)
Net actuarial (gain) loss included in other comprehensive (loss) income
   
(3,275
)
   
2,149
     
(2,240
)
Total recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income
   
(3,334
)
   
2,149
     
(2,307
)
 
                       
Total recognized in net periodic benefit (credit) cost and other comprehensive (loss) income
 
$
(4,800
)
   
368
     
(3,637
)


The estimated net loss for the plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit income over the next fiscal year is $77 thousand.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments


The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(dollars in thousands)
     
Year
 
Pension Benefits
 
2020
 
$
1,762
 
2021
   
1,810
 
2022
   
1,793
 
2023
   
1,781
 
2024
   
1,790
 
2025 - 2029
   
9,002
 


The assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 are as follows:

 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Discount rate
   
3.56
%
   
4.53
     
3.93
 


The assumptions used to determine net periodic pension expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Discount rate
   
4.53
%
   
3.93
     
4.41
 
Expected long-term rate of return on assets
   
6.50
     
6.50
     
6.50
 

The annual rate assumption used for purposes of computing the service and interest costs components is determined based upon factors including the yields on high quality corporate bonds and other appropriate yield curves along with analysis prepared by the Company’s actuaries.

(b)
Supplemental Retirement Plan


The Company also has a supplementary pension plan under which additional retirement benefits are accrued for eligible executive officers.  This plan supplements the defined benefit retirement plan for eligible employees that exceed the Internal Revenue Service limit on the amount of pension payments that are allowed from a retirement plan.  The supplemental plan provides eligible employees with total benefit payments as calculated by the retirement plan without regard to this limitation.  Benefits under this plan are calculated using the same actuarial assumptions and interest rates as used for the retirement plan calculations.  The accumulated benefits under this supplementary pension plan was approximately $2.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Effective as of December 31, 2008, this plan has been frozen and no additional benefits will accrue.  Instead, the amount of the Company’s annual contribution to the plan plus interest is paid directly to each eligible employee.  The expense recorded for this plan was $1.9 million, $1.4 million, and $1.1 million, in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Page 68 of 98




Rabbi trusts have been established for this plan.  These trust accounts are administered by the Trustco Financial Services Department and invest primarily in bonds issued by government-sponsored enterprises and money market instruments.  These assets are recorded at their fair value and are included in short-term investments in the Consolidated Statements of Condition.  As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the trusts had assets totaling $2.4 and $2.5 million, respectively.

(c)
Postretirement Benefits


The Company permits retirees under age 65 to participate in the Company’s medical plan by making certain payments.  In addition, the plan provides a death benefit to certain eligible employees and retirees.


In 2003, the Company amended the medical plan to reflect changes to the retiree medical insurance coverage portion.  The Company’s subsidy of the retiree medical insurance premiums was eliminated at that time.  The Company continues to provide postretirement medical benefits for a limited number of executives in accordance with their employment contracts.


The following tables show the plan’s funded status and amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition at December 31, 2019 and 2018:


Change in Accumulated Benefit Obligation:

(dollars in thousands)
           
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
 
Accumulated benefit obligation at beginning of year
 
$
5,400
     
5,613
 
Service cost
   
65
     
53
 
Interest cost
   
239
     
202
 
Benefits paid
   
(173
)
   
(178
)
Net actuarial loss (gain)
   
603
     
(290
)
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
6,134
     
5,400
 


Change in Plan Assets and Reconciliation of Funded Status:

(dollars in thousands)
           
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 
$
22,091
     
22,922
 
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets
   
4,285
     
(798
)
Company contributions
   
155
     
145
 
Benefits paid
   
(173
)
   
(178
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
   
26,358
     
22,091
 
 
               
Funded status at end of year
 
$
20,224
     
16,691
 


The accumulated benefit obligation was $6.1 million and $5.4 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Page 69 of 98




Components of Net Periodic Benefit Income and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

(dollars in thousands)
 
For the years ended
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Service cost
 
$
65
     
53
     
103
 
Interest cost
   
239
     
202
     
218
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(990
)
   
(1,028
)
   
(761
)
Amortization of net actuarial gain
   
(333
)
   
(556
)
   
(356
)
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost
   
(197
)
   
(100
)
   
90
 
Net periodic benefit credit
   
(1,216
)
   
(1,429
)
   
(706
)
 
                       
Net (gain) loss
   
(2,692
)
   
830
     
(1,584
)
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)
   
197
     
100
     
(90
)
Prior service cost
   
-
     
705
     
-
 
Amortization of net gain
   
333
     
556
     
356
 
Total amount recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income
   
(2,162
)
   
2,191
     
(1,318
)
 
                       
Total amount recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive (loss) income
 
$
(3,378
)
   
762
     
(2,024
)


The estimated amount of net gain that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit income over the next fiscal year is approximately $663 thousand while the estimated amount of prior service credit that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit loss over the next fiscal year is approximately $196 thousand.

Expected Future Benefit Payments


The following benefit payments are expected to be paid:

(dollars in thousands)
     
 
     
Year
 
Postretirement Benefits
 
 
     
2020
 
$
161
 
2021
   
134
 
2022
   
147
 
2023
   
163
 
2024
   
181
 
2025 - 2029
   
1,295
 


The discount rate assumption used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 is as follows:

 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Discount rate
   
3.56
%
   
4.53
     
3.93
 


The assumptions used to determine net periodic pension expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Discount rate
   
4.53
%
   
3.93
     
4.41
 
Expected long-term rate of return on assets, net of tax
   
4.50
     
4.50
     
3.75
 


The annual rate assumption used for purposes of computing the service and interest costs components is determined based upon factors including the yields on high quality corporate bonds and other appropriate yield curves along with analysis prepared by the Company’s actuaries.


For measurement purposes, a graded annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits (i.e., health care cost trend rate) was assumed for 2019 and thereafter.  A one percentage point increase in the assumed health care cost in each year would have an approximate $1.0 million impact on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2019, while a 1% decrease would have an approximate ($954) thousand impact.  The impact on the interest and service components of net periodic postretirement benefit credit for the year ended December 31, 2019 would be $61 thousand for a one percentage point increase and ($48) thousand for a one percentage point decrease.
Page 70 of 98



(d)
Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Related to Retirement and Postretirement Benefit Plans


The following table details the change in the components of other comprehensive (loss) income related to the retirement plan and the postretirement benefit plan, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
Retirement
Plan
   
Post-
Retirement
Benefit Plan
   
Total
 
Change in overfunded position of pension and postretirement benefits
 
$
(3,275
)
   
(2,692
)
   
(5,967
)
Amortization of net actuarial (loss) gain
   
(59
)
   
333
     
274
 
Amortization of prior service credit
   
-
     
197
     
197
 
Total
 
$
(3,334
)
   
(2,162
)
   
(5,496
)

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Retirement
Plan
   
Post-
Retirement
Benefit Plan
   
Total
 
Change in overfunded position of pension and postretirement benefits
 
$
2,149
     
830
     
2,979
 
Prior service cost
   
-
     
705
     
705
 
Amortization of net actuarial gain
   
-
     
556
     
556
 
Amortization of prior service credit
   
-
     
100
     
100
 
Total
 
$
2,149
     
2,191
     
4,340
 

(e)
Major Categories of Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets:


The asset allocations of the Company’s pension and postretirement benefit plans at December 31, were as follows:

 
 
Pension Benefit
Plan Assets
   
Postretirement Benefit
Plan Assets
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 
Debt Securities
   
33
%
   
31
     
34
     
29
 
Equity Securities
   
63
     
62
     
63
     
62
 
Other
   
4
     
7
     
3
     
9
 
Total
   
100
%
   
100
     
100
     
100
 


The expected long-term rate-of-return on plan assets, noted in sections (a) and (b) above, reflects long-term earnings expectations on existing plan assets.  In estimating that rate, appropriate consideration was given to historical returns earned by plan assets and the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment.  Rates of return were adjusted to reflect current capital market assumptions and changes in investment allocations.


The Company’s investment policies and strategies for the pension benefit and postretirement benefit plans prescribe a target allocation of 50% to 70% equity securities, 25% to 40% debt securities, and 0% to 10% for other securities for the asset categories.  The Company’s investment goals are to maximize returns subject to specific risk management policies.  Its risk management policies permit direct investments in equity and debt securities and mutual funds while prohibiting direct investment in derivative financial instruments.  The Company addresses diversification by the use of mutual fund investments whose underlying investments are in domestic and international debt and equity securities.  These mutual funds are readily marketable and can be sold to fund benefit payment obligations as they become payable.


Fair Value of Plan Assets:


Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
Page 71 of 98




The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Equity mutual funds, Fixed Income mutual funds and Debt Securities: The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1).  For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2).


The fair value of the plan assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, by asset category, is as follows:

 
       
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2019 Using:
 
Retirement Plan
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Plan Assets
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,165
     
2,165
     
-
     
-
 
Equity mutual funds
   
32,411
     
32,411
     
-
     
-
 
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
   
4,434
     
-
     
4,434
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
11,646
     
-
     
11,646
     
-
 
Fixed income mutual funds
   
608
     
608
     
-
     
-
 
 
                               
Total Plan Assets
 
$
51,264
     
35,184
     
16,080
     
-
 

 
       
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2019 Using:
 
Postretirement Benefits
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Plan Assets
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
677
     
677
     
-
     
-
 
Equity mutual funds
   
16,794
     
16,794
     
-
     
-
 
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
   
2,560
     
-
     
2,560
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
6,327
     
-
     
6,327
     
-
 
State and political subdivisions
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
 
                               
Total Plan Assets
 
$
26,358
     
17,471
     
8,887
     
-
 

Page 72 of 98


 
       
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2018 Using:
 
Retirement Plan
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Plan Assets
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
3,147
     
3,147
     
-
     
-
 
Equity mutual funds
   
27,420
     
27,420
     
-
     
-
 
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
   
9,376
     
-
     
9,376
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
3,638
     
-
     
3,638
     
-
 
Fixed income mutual funds
   
576
     
576
     
-
     
-
 
 
                               
Total Plan Assets
 
$
44,157
     
31,143
     
13,014
     
-
 

 
       
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2018 Using:
 
Postretirement Benefits
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Plan Assets
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,046
     
2,046
     
-
     
-
 
Equity mutual funds
   
13,590
     
13,590
     
-
     
-
 
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
   
3,111
     
-
     
3,111
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
3,118
     
-
     
3,118
     
-
 
State and political subdivisions
   
226
     
-
     
226
     
-
 
 
                               
Total Plan Assets
 
$
22,091
     
15,636
     
6,455
     
-
 


At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the majority of the equity mutual funds included in the plan assets of the retirement plan and postretirement benefit plan consist of large-cap index funds, while the remainder of the equity mutual funds consists of midcap, smallcap and international funds.


There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in 2019 and 2018.


The Company made no contributions to its pension and postretirement benefit plans in 2019 or 2018.  The Company does not expect to make any contributions to its pension and postretirement benefit plans in 2020.

(f)
Incentive and Bonus Plans


During 2006, the Company amended its profit sharing plan to include a 401(k) feature.  Under the 401(k) feature, the Company matches 100% of the aggregate salary contribution up to the first 3% of compensation and 50% of the aggregate contribution of the next 3%.  No profit sharing contributions were made in 2019, 2018 or 2017 but were replaced with Company contributions to the 401(k) feature of the plan.  Expenses related to the plan aggregated $1.2 million for 2019, $1.1 million in 2018 and $1.0 million in 2017.


The Company also has an officers and executive incentive plan.  The expense of these plans generally are based on the Company’s performance and estimated distributions to participants are accrued during the year and generally paid in the following year.  The expense recorded for this plan was $2.9 million, $2.7 million and $1.9 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


The Company has also awarded 1.5 million performance bonus units to the executive officers and directors.  These units become vested and exercisable only under a change of control as defined in the plan.  The units were awarded based upon the stock price at the time of grant and, if exercised under a change of control, allow the holder to receive the increase in value offered in the exchange over the stock price at the date of grant for each unit, if any.  As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average strike price of each unit was $8.81.
Page 73 of 98



(g)
Stock-Based Compensation Plans-Equity Awards 


Equity awards are types of stock-based compensation that are to be settled in shares.  As such, the amount of compensation expense to be paid at the time of settlement is included in surplus in the Consolidated Statement of Condition.


In May 2019, shareholders of the Company approved the TrustCo Bank Corp NY 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Equity Incentive Plan) which replaced and combined into one plan both the Amended and Restated TrustCo Bank Corp NY 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (2010 Equity Incentive Plan) and the Amended and Restated TrustCo Bank Corp NY 2010 Directors Equity Incentive Plan (Directors Plan), and all remaining shares eligible for issuance thereunder were canceled.  Under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan the Company may provide for the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of our common stock which is available for issuance pursuant to options, SARs, restricted stock, and restricted stock units (both time based and performance based), to eligible employees and directors.  This allotment of 2,000,000 shares includes the authorized but unissued shares remaining available for issuance under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan and the Directors Plan.  As of December 31, 2019, the Company may issue approximately 1.7 million shares of our common stock pursuant to options, SARs, restricted stock, and restricted stock units (both time based and performance based).


Under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, the exercise price of each option shall not be less than 100% of the fair value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant, and for an Incentive Stock Option (ISO) granted to a ten percent shareholder the option price shall not be less than 110% of the fair value of the Company’s stock on the date of the ISO grant.  The vesting period and term of the option will be determined at the time of the option grant as set forth in the Award Agreement.  Options granted under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan and the Directors Plan will continue to expire ten years, and vest over five years, from the date the options were granted.  A summary of the status of TrustCo’s stock option awards as of December 31, 2019 and changes during the year then ended, are as follows:

 
 
Outstanding Options
 
 
Number of
Options
   
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
Balance, January 1, 2019
   
554,641
   
$
6.65
 
 
New options awarded - 2019
   
-
     
-
 
 
Expired options - 2019
   
(5,750
)
   
-
 
 
Options forfeited - 2019
   
-
     
-
 
 
Exercised options - 2019
   
(29,800
)
   
6.21
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2019
   
519,091
   
$
6.67
 
4.5  Years
                      
   
Exercisable Options
                      
Balance, December 31, 2019
   
486,791
   
$
6.69
 
4.5 Years


At December 31, 2019, the intrinsic value of outstanding stock options and vested stock options was approximately $1.02 million and $952 thousand, respectively.  The Company expects all unvested options to vest according to plan provisions.


During 2019, 2018 and 2017, options for 0 thousand, 177 thousand and 784 thousand shares of stock were exercised, respectively.  The intrinsic value and related tax benefits of stock options exercised in these years was not material.  It is the Company’s policy to generally issue stock upon stock option exercises from previously unissued shares of common stock or treasury shares.


Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options totaled $12 thousand at December 31, 2019.  At such date, the weighted-average period over which this unrecognized expense was expected to be recognized was 10 months. Income tax benefits recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income related to stock-based compensation were not material.


Valuation of Stock-Based Compensation: The fair value of the Company’s employee and director stock options granted is estimated on the measurement date, which, for the Company, is the date of grant.  The Company did not grant new stock option awards in 2019, 2018, or 2017.


During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $5 thousand, $173 thousand and $150 thousand in stock-based compensation expense related to the equity awards, respectively.
Page 74 of 98



(h)
Stock-Based Compensation Plans-Liability Awards


Liability awards are types of stock-based compensation that can be settled in cash (not shares).  As such, the amount of compensation expense to be paid at the time of settlement is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Condition.  The Company granted both service-based and performance based liability awards in 2019, 2018 and 2017.


The activity for service-based awards during 2019 was as follows:

Restricted share units

 
 
Outstanding
Units
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
   
218,427
 
New awards granted
   
151,668
 
Forfeited awards
   
-
 
Awards settled
   
(125,822
)
Balance, December 31, 2019
   
244,273
 


Service-Based Awards: During 2019 and 2018, the Company issued restricted share units to certain eligible officers, executives and its board of directors.  The restricted share units do not hold voting powers, and are not eligible for common stock dividends.  Depending on the year of the grant the awards either become 100% vested after three years based upon a cliff-vesting schedule, 100% vested after one year, or vest in whole units in equal installments from the first through the third year following the award date.  Upon issuance, the fair value of these awards is the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.  Thereafter, the amount of compensation expense recognized is based on the fair value of the Company’s stock.


During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $743 thousand, $458 thousand and $633 thousand, respectively, in stockbased compensation expense related to these awards.  Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the outstanding restricted share units totaled approximately $2.1 million at December 31, 2019.  During 2019, awards granted in 2016 became fully vested and settled, and one third of the awards granted in 2017 and 2018 became vested and settled. The weighted average period over which the unrecognized expense is expected to be recognized was approximately 27 months as of December 31, 2019.


The liability related to service-based liability awards was approximately $170 thousand and $526 thousand at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


The activity for performance-based awards during 2019 was as follows:

Performance share units

 
 
Outstanding
Units
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
   
408,893
 
New awards granted
   
172,006
 
Forfeited awards
   
-
 
Awards settled
   
(102,348
)
Balance, December 31, 2019
   
478,551
 


Performance Based Awards: During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company issued performance share units to certain eligible officers and executives.  These units do not hold voting powers, are not eligible for common stock dividends, and become 100% vested after three years based upon a cliff-vesting schedule and the satisfaction of performance metrics. Upon issuance, fair value of these units was the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Thereafter, the amount of compensation expense recognized is based upon the Company’s achievement of certain performance criteria in accordance with Plan provisions as well as the fair value of the Company’s stock.


For units granted in 2016, those have been fully vested and unpaid.  For units granted subsequent to 2016, all of the units are unvested as of December 31, 2019, and the Company expects to meet the required performance criteria of the awards.
Page 75 of 98




During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized approximately $1.6 million, $644 thousand and $1.2 million, respectively, in stock based compensation expense related to these units.  Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the outstanding performance share units totaled $2.8 million at December 31, 2019.  The weighted average period over which the unrecognized expense is expected to be recognized was approximately 26 months as of December 31, 2019.


The liability related to performance based liability awards totaled $2.6 million and $1.7 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(10)
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities


(a) Litigation


Existing litigation arising in the normal course of business is not expected to result in any material loss to the Company.


(b) Outsourced Services


The Company contracted with third-party service providers to perform certain banking functions.  The outsourced services include data and item processing for the Bank and trust operations.  The service expense can vary based upon the volume and nature of transactions processed.  Outsourced service expense was $7.6 million for 2019, $7.5 million for 2018 and $6.4 million in 2017.  The Company is contractually obligated to pay these third-party service providers approximately $7 to $8 million per year through 2025.

(11)
Earnings Per Share


The Company computes earnings per share in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”).  TrustCo adopted FASB Staff Position on Emerging Issues Task Force 03-6-1, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities, as codified in FASB ASC 260-10 (“ASC 260-10”), which clarified that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to receive dividends or divided equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities, and thus, should be included in the two-class method of computing earnings per share (“EPS”).  Participating securities under this statement include the unvested employees’ and directors’ restricted stock awards with time-based vesting, which receive nonforfeitable dividend payments.  At December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company no longer has unvested awards that would be considered participating securities.


A reconciliation of the component parts of earnings per share for 2019, 2018 and 2017 follows:

(dollars in thousands,
except per share data)
 
For the years ended December 31
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
                   
Net income
 
$
57,840
     
61,445
     
43,145
 
Weighted average common shares
   
96,849
     
96,505
     
96,111
 
                         
Effect of dilutive common stock options
   
78
     
141
     
111
 
 
                       
Weighted average common shares including potential dilutive shares
   
96,927
     
96,646
     
96,222
 
 
                       
Basic EPS
 
$
0.597
     
0.637
     
0.449
 
 
                       
Diluted EPS
 
$
0.597
     
0.636
     
0.448
 


 For the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no antidilutive stock options excluded from diluted earnings per share. For the year ended December 31, 2018, there were 319 thousand antidilutive stock options excluded from diluted earnings per share. The stock options are antidilutive because the strike price is greater than the average fair value of the Company’s common stock for the periods presented.
Page 76 of 98



(12)
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments


Loan commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require a fee.  Commitments sometimes expire without being drawn upon.  Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  These arrangements have credit risk essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Bank’s normal credit policies, including obtaining collateral.  The Bank’s maximum exposure to credit loss for loan commitments, including unused lines of credit, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $424.0 million and $432.6 million, respectively.  Approximately 85% and 80% of these commitments were for variable rate products at the end of 2019 and 2018, respectively.


The Company does not issue any guarantees that require liability-recognition or disclosure, other than its standby letters of credit.  The Company has issued conditional commitments in the form of standby letters of credit to guarantee payment on behalf of a customer and guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party.  Standby letters of credit generally arise in connection with lending relationships.  The credit risk involved in issuing these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.  Contingent obligations under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $9.6 million and $6.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and represent the maximum potential future payments the Company could be required to make.  Typically, these instruments have terms of 12 months or less and expire unused; therefore, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  Each customer is evaluated individually for creditworthiness under the same underwriting standards used for commitments to extend credit and on-balance sheet instruments.  Company policies governing loan collateral apply to standby letters of credit at the time of credit extension.  Loantovalue ratios are generally consistent with loantovalue requirements for other commercial loans secured by similar types of collateral.  The fair value of the Company’s standby letters of credit at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was insignificant.



No losses are anticipated as a result of loan commitments or standby letters of credit.

(13)
Fair Value


Fair value measurements (ASC 820) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices or similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the value that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities:


Securities Available for Sale: The fair value of securities available for sale are determined utilizing an independent pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities.  The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models.  Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows.  This results in a Level 2 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.  Interest and dividend income is recorded on the accrual method and included in the income statement in the respective investment class under total interest income.  The Company does not have any securities that would be designated as level 3.


Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis.  These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals.  These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach.  Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available.  This results in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
Page 77 of 98




Impaired Loans: At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value.  Impaired loans carried at fair value generally have had a charge-off through the allowance for loan losses.  For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals.  These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach.  Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available.  Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.  When obtained, non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification.  Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under ASC 820 on a recurring basis are summarized below:

 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2019 Using:
 
   
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
                       
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
 
$
104,512
   
$
-
   
$
104,512
   
$
-
 
State and political subdivisions
   
162
     
-
     
162
     
-
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
   
389,517
     
-
     
389,517
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
30,436
     
-
     
30,436
     
-
 
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities
   
48,511
     
-
     
48,511
     
-
 
Other
   
685
     
-
     
685
     
-
 
 
                               
   
$
573,823
   
$
-
   
$
573,823
   
$
-
 

 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2018 Using:
 
   
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
                       
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
 
$
152,160
   
$
-
   
$
152,160
   
$
-
 
State and political subdivisions
   
173
     
-
     
173
     
-
 
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
   
262,032
     
-
     
262,032
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
29,938
     
-
     
29,938
     
-
 
Small Business Administration - guaranteed participation securities
   
56,475
     
-
     
56,475
     
-
 
Other
   
685
     
-
     
685
     
-
 
 
                               
Total securities available for sale
 
$
501,463
   
$
-
   
$
501,463
   
$
-
 

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in 2019 and 2018.
Page 78 of 98




 Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2019 Using:
 
 
 
     
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Valuation technique
Unobservable inputs
 
Range (Weighted Average)
 
 
                       
 
 
     
Other real estate owned
 
$
1,579
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
1,579
 
Sales comparison approach
Adjustments for differences between comparable sales
   
1% - 21% (2
%)
 
                               
 
         
Impaired loans:
                               
 
 
       
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family
   
120
     
-
     
-
     
120
 
Sales comparison approach
Adjustments for differences between comparable sales
   
1% - 17% (9
%)

 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2018 Using:
 
 
 
     
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Valuation technique
Unobservable inputs
 
Range (Weighted Average)
 
 
                       
 
 
     
Other real estate owned
 
$
1,675
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
1,675
 
Sales comparison approach
Adjustments for differences between comparable sales
   
1% - 14% (7
%)
 
                                           
Impaired loans:
                               
 
 
       
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family
   
459
     
-
     
-
     
459
 
Sales comparison approach
Adjustments for differences between comparable sales
   
5% - 14% (10
%)


Other real estate owned, which is carried at fair value less costs to sell, was approximately $1.6 million at December 31, 2019, and consisted of $358 thousand of commercial real estate and $1.2 million of residential real estate properties.  A valuation charge of $366 thousand is included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2019.


Of the total impaired loans of $21.0 million at December 31, 2019, $120 thousand are collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis.  Due to the sufficiency of charge-offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no specific valuation allowances for these loans at December 31, 2019.  Gross charge-offs related to residential impaired loans included in the table above amounted to $22 thousand.


Other real estate owned, which is carried at fair value less costs to sell, was approximately $1.7 million at December 31, 2018, and consisted of $560 thousand of commercial real estate and $1.1 million of residential real estate properties.  A valuation charge of $769 thousand is included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018.


Of the total impaired loans of $22.3 million at December 31, 2018, $459 thousand are collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis.  Due to the sufficiency of charge-offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no specific valuation allowances for these loans at December 31, 2018.  Gross charge-offs related to residential impaired loans included in the table above amounted to $67 thousand.
Page 79 of 98




In accordance with ASC 825, the carrying amounts and estimated fair values (exit price) of financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
   
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2019 Using:
 
 
 
Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial assets:
                             
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
456,846
     
456,846
     
-
     
-
     
456,846
 
Securities available for sale
   
573,823
     
-
     
573,823
     
-
     
573,823
 
Held to maturity securities
   
18,618
     
-
     
19,680
     
-
     
19,680
 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
9,183
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Net loans
   
4,017,879
     
-
     
-
     
4,078,210
     
4,078,210
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
10,915
     
216
     
2,221
     
8,478
     
10,915
 
Financial liabilities:
                                       
Demand deposits
   
463,858
     
463,858
     
-
     
-
     
463,858
 
Interest bearing deposits
   
3,986,158
     
2,587,981
     
1,397,271
     
-
     
3,985,252
 
Short-term borrowings
   
148,666
     
-
     
148,666
     
-
     
148,666
 
Accrued interest payable
   
1,459
     
174
     
1,285
     
-
     
1,459
 
 
                                       

(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
   
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2018 Using:
 
 
 
Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial assets:
                             
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
503,709
     
503,709
     
-
     
-
     
503,709
 
Securities available for sale
   
501,463
     
-
     
501,463
     
-
     
501,463
 
Held to maturity securities
   
22,501
     
-
     
22,924
     
-
     
22,924
 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
   
8,953
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Net loans
   
3,829,330
     
-
     
-
     
3,753,966
     
3,753,966
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
11,341
     
353
     
2,371
     
8,617
     
11,341
 
Financial liabilities:
                                       
Demand deposits
   
405,069
     
405,069
     
-
     
-
     
405,069
 
Interest bearing deposits
   
3,869,178
     
2,594,672
     
1,264,772
     
-
     
3,859,444
 
Short-term borrowings
   
161,893
     
-
     
161,893
     
-
     
161,893
 
Accrued interest payable
   
1,024
     
104
     
920
     
-
     
1,024
 

(14)
Regulatory Capital Requirements


Banks and thrifts and their holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies.  Capital adequacy regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices.  Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators.  Failure to meet capital requirements can result in regulatory action.  The final rules implementing Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and became fully phased in on January 1, 2019.  The capital rules include a capital conservation buffer that is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress and to require increased capital levels before capital distributions and certain other payments can be made.  Failure to meet the full amount of the buffer will result in restrictions on the Company’s ability to make capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers.  The buffer was fully implemented at 2.5% as of January 1, 2019.  As of December 31, 2019, the Company and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.



Prompt corrective action regulations, to which banks, but not their holding companies, are subject, provide five classifications:  well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition.  If a bank is not classified as well capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits.  If a bank is undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required.  The federal banking agencies are required to take certain supervisory actions (and may take additional discretionary actions) with respect to an undercapitalized institution or its holding company.  Such actions could have a direct material effect on an institution’s or its holding company’s financial statements.  As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.
Page 80 of 98




The following is a summary of actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, for Trustco Bank:

 
 
As of December 31, 2019
   
Well
   
Minimum for
Capital Adequacy plus
Capital Conservation
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Capitalized(1)
   
Buffer(1)(2)
 
 
                       
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 
$
516,775
     
9.940
%
   
5.000
%
   
4.000
%
Common equity Tier 1 capital
   
516,775
     
18.412
     
6.500
     
7.000
 
Tier 1 risk-based capital
   
516,775
     
18.412
     
8.000
     
8.500
 
Total risk-based capital
   
551,975
     
19.666
     
10.000
     
10.500
 

 
 
As of December 31, 2018
   
Well
   
Minimum for
Capital Adequacy plus
Capital Conservation
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Capitalized(1)
   
Buffer(1)(2)
 
 
                       
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 
$
484,581
     
9.767
%
   
5.000
%
   
4.000
%
Common equity Tier 1 capital
   
484,581
     
18.233
     
6.500
     
6.380
 
Tier 1 risk-based capital
   
484,581
     
18.233
     
8.000
     
7.880
 
Total risk-based capital
   
517,948
     
19.489
     
10.000
     
9.880
 


The following is a summary of actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 for TrustCo on a consolidated basis.

 
 
As of December 31, 2019
   
Minimum for
Capital Adequacy plus
Capital Conservation
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Buffer(1)(2)
 
 
                 
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 
$
533,243
     
10.254
%
   
4.000
%
Common equity Tier 1 capital
   
533,243
     
18.988
     
7.000
 
Tier 1 risk-based capital
   
533,243
     
18.988
     
8.500
 
Total risk-based capital
   
568,463
     
20.242
     
10.500
 

 
 
As of December 31, 2018
   
Minimum for
Capital Adequacy plus
Capital Conservation
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Buffer(1)(2)
 
 
                 
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 
$
499,626
     
10.129
%
   
4.000
%
Common equity Tier 1 capital
   
499,626
     
18.790
     
6.380
 
Tier 1 risk-based capital
   
499,626
     
18.790
     
7.880
 
Total risk-based capital
   
533,009
     
20.046
     
9.880
 

(1)
Federal regulatory minimum requirements to be considered to be Well Capitalized and Adequately Capitalized
(2)
The December 31, 2019 and 2018 common equity tier 1, tier 1 risk-based, and total risk-based capital ratios include a capital conservation buffer of 2.50 percent, and 1.88 percent repectively.
Page 81 of 98



(15)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss


The following is a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive loss balances, net of tax:

 
 
Year ended 12/31/2019
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Balance at
12/31/2018
   
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)-
Before
Reclassifications
   
Amount
reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income
   
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)-
year ended
12/31/2019
   
Balance at
12/31/2019
 
 
                             
Net unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale, net of tax
 
$
(10,416
)
   
10,702
     
-
     
10,702
     
286
 
Net change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax
   
423
     
4,417
     
-
     
4,417
     
4,840
 
Net change in net actuarial loss and prior service cost on pension and pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax
   
(316
)
   
-
     
(349
)
   
(349
)
   
(665
)
 
                                       
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
$
(10,309
)
   
15,119
     
(349
)
   
14,770
     
4,461
 

 
 
Year ended 12/31/2018
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Balance at
12/31/2017
   
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)-
Before
Reclassifications
   
Amount
reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income
   
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)-
year ended
12/31/2018
   
Balance at
12/31/2018
 
 
                             
Net unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale, net of tax
 
$
(5,030
)
   
(3,944
)
   
-
     
(3,944
)
   
(8,974
)
Net change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax
   
3,054
     
(2,727
)
   
-
     
(2,727
)
   
327
 
Net change in net actuarial loss and prior service cost on pension and pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax
   
170
     
-
     
(486
)
   
(486
)
   
(316
)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Reclassification from AOCI to Retained Earnings, Tax Effect
   
-
     
-
     
(1,346
)
   
-
     
(1,346
)
 
                                       
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
$
(1,806
)
   
(6,671
)
   
(1,832
)
   
(7,157
)
   
(10,309
)

 
 
Year ended 12/31/2017
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Balance at
12/31/2016
   
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)-
Before
Reclassifications
   
Amount
reclassified
from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income
   
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)-
year ended
12/31/2017
   
Balance at
12/31/2017
 
 
                             
Net unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale, net of tax
 
$
(6,762
)
   
1,732
     
-
     
1,732
     
(5,030
)
Net change in overfunded position in pension and postretirement plans arising during the year, net of tax
   
42
     
3,012
     
-
     
3,012
     
3,054
 
Net change in net actuarial loss and prior service cost on pension and pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax
   
469
     
-
     
(299
)
   
(299
)
   
170
 
 
                                       
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
$
(6,251
)
   
4,744
     
(299
)
   
4,445
     
(1,806
)


 The following represents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

(dollars in thousands)
 
Years ended
December 31,
 
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Affected Line Item in Financial Statements
Amortization of pension and postretirement benefit items:
                 
       
Amortization of net actuarial gain (loss)
   
274
     
556
     
289
 
Salaries and employee benefits
Amortization of prior service cost
   
197
     
100
     
(90
)
Salaries and employee benefits
Income tax benefit
   
(122
)
   
(170
)
   
100
 
Income taxes
Net of tax
   
349
     
486
     
299
 
 
 
                       
         
Total reclassifications, net of tax
 
$
349
     
486
     
299
 
 

Page 82 of 98


(16)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers


All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within Non-Interest Income.   The following table presents the Company’s sources of Non-Interest Income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.  Items outside the scope of ASC 606 are noted as such.

(dollars in thousands)
 
For the years ended
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
 
Non-interest income
           
Service Charges on Deposits
           
Overdraft fees
 
$
3,571
     
3,543
 
Other
   
459
     
455
 
Interchange Income
   
4,065
     
4,822
 
Wealth management fees
   
6,387
     
6,283
 
Other (a)
   
4,109
     
2,978
 
 
               
Total non-interest income
 
$
18,591
     
18,081
 

(a) Not within the scope of ASC 606.

A description of the Company’s revenue streams accounted in accordance with ASC 606 as follows:


Service charges on Deposit Accounts:  The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services.  Transaction-based fees, which include services such as stop payment charges, statement rendering and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request.  Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation.  Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs.  Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.


Interchange Income:  Interchange revenue primarily consists of interchange fees, volume-related incentives and ATM charges.  As the card-issuing bank, interchange fees represent our portion of discount fees paid by merchants for credit / debit card transactions processed through the interchange network.  The levels and structure of interchange rates are set by the card processing companies and are based on cardholder purchase volumes.  The Company earns interchange income as cardholder transactions occur and interchange fees are settled on a daily basis concurrent with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.


Wealth Management fees:  Trustco Financial Services provides a comprehensive suite of trust and wealth management products and services, including financial and estate planning, trustee and custodial services, investment management, corporate retirement plan recordkeeping and administration of which a fee is charged to manage assets for investment or transact on accounts.  These fees are earned over time as the Company provides the contracted monthly or quarterly services and are generally assessed over the period in which services are performed based on a percentage of the fair value of assets under management or administration.  Other services are based on a fixed fee for certain account types, or based on transaction activity and are recognized when services are rendered.  Fees are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.


Gains/Losses on Sales of Other real Estate Owned “OREO”:  The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed.  When the company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable.  Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer.  In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain/(loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present.

Page 83 of 98


(17)
Operating leases


The Company adopted Topic 842 “Leases” effective January 1, 2019 and has applied the guidance to all operating leases within the scope of Topic 842 at that date.  The company elected to adopt practical expedients, which among other things, does not require reassessment of lease classification.


The Company has committed to rent premises used in business operations under non-cancelable operating leases and determines if an arrangement meets the definition of a lease upon inception.  Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets.


Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.  Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.  The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, therefore the Company used its incremental collateralized borrowing rates commensurate with the underlying lease terms to determine present value of operating lease liabilities.  Additionally, the Company does allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components.  The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.  Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  Variable lease components, such as fair market value adjustments, are expensed as incurred and not included in ROU assets and operating lease liabilities.  Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of January 1, 2019 the Company did not have any leases with terms of twelve months or less.


As of December 31, 2019 the Company does not have leases that have not yet commenced.  At December 31, 2019 lease expiration dates ranged from eleven months to 25.8 years and have a weighted average remaining lease term of 9.4 years.  Certain leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments as defined in the lease agreements.  As mentioned above the leases generally also include variable lease components which include real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance (“CAM”) charges in the annual rental payments.


Other information related to leases was as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Operating lease cost
 
$
7,808
     
7,988
     
7,889
 
Variable lease cost
   
1,968
     
2,000
     
1,889
 
Total Lease costs
 
$
9,776
   
$
9,988
   
$
9,778
 

Supplemental cash flows information:
     
       
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
     
Operating cash flows from operating leases
 
$
7,839
 
         
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
 
$
57,464
 
         
Weighted average remaining lease term
   
9.4
 
Weighted average discount rate
   
3.3
%


Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
     
2020
 
$
8,039
 
2021
   
8,033
 
2022
   
7,533
 
2023
   
7,227
 
2024
   
7,100
 
Thereafter
   
28,361
 
Total lease payments
 
$
66,293
 
Less: Interest
   
9,740
 
Present value of lease liabilities
 
$
56,553
 

 
As of December 31, 2019, the operating lease right-of-use asset was $51.5 million.
 
Page 84 of 98

 

 
(18)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements


In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016 02”).  ASU 2016 02 is intended to improve financial reporting of leasing transactions by requiring organizations that lease assets to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases that extend more than twelve months on the balance sheet.  This accounting update also requires additional disclosures surrounding the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.  ASU 2016 02 is effective for financial statements issued for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 for public business entities.  Early adoption is permitted.  The Company elected to adopt ASU 2016 02 as of January 1, 2019.  The Company has elected the package of practical expedients permitted in ASC Topic 842.  Accordingly, the Company accounted for its existing operating leases as operating leases under the new guidance, without reassessing (a) whether the contracts contain a lease under ASC Topic 842, (b) whether classification of the operating leases would be different in accordance with ASC Topic 842, or (c) whether the unamortized initial direct costs before transition adjustments (as of December 31, 2018) would have met the definition of initial direct costs in ASC Topic 842 at lease commencement.  The company has also elected the practical expedient to use hindsight in determining the lease term.  As a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting guidance, the Company recognized on January 1, 2019 (a) a lease liability of approximately $58.2 million, which represents the present value of the remaining lease payments of approximately $69.4 million, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, and (b) a ROU asset of approximately $53.0 million which represents the lease liability of $58.2 million adjusted for accrued rent of approximately $5.2 million.  This standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s key performance metrics and had no impact on the Company’s operating results.  The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases.



In September 2016, the FASB released ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses” which amended existing guidance to replace current generally accepted accounting principles used to measure a reporting entity’s credit losses.  The main objective of this update is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date.  To achieve this objective, the amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates.  The standard will also expand credit quality disclosures. While the standard changes the measurement of the allowance for credit losses, it does not change the Banks’s credit risk of its lending portfolios. The standard is effective January 1, 2020.   The Company has selected the Discounted Cash Flow modeling method and is running parallel processes encompassing the functionality of the models, governance activities, as well as continuing to review and refine its models and methodologies.  The Bank is currently undergoing model validation and working to finalize its operating and financial control procedures and processes.



(19)
Parent Company Only


The following statements pertain to TrustCo Bank Corp NY (Parent Company):

 Statements of Comprehensive Income

(dollars in thousands)
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Income:
                 
Dividends and interest from subsidiaries
 
$
28,340
     
24,920
     
24,510
 
Net gain on securities transactions
   
-
     
-
     
-
 
Miscellaneous income
   
-
     
-
     
-
 
Total income
   
28,340
     
24,920
     
24,510
 
 
                       
Expense:
                       
Operating supplies
   
82
     
122
     
26
 
Professional services
   
651
     
438
     
122
 
Miscellaneous expense
   
2,811
     
1,755
     
2,573
 
Total expense
   
3,544
     
2,315
     
2,721
 
Income before income taxes and subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings
   
24,796
     
22,605
     
21,789
 
Income tax benefit
   
(837
)
   
(523
)
   
(1,171
)
Income before subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings
   
25,633
     
23,128
     
22,960
 
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
   
32,207
     
38,317
     
20,185
 
Net income
 
$
57,840
     
61,445
     
43,145
 
Change in other comprehensive income (loss)
   
14,770
     
(7,157
)
   
4,445
 
Comprehensive income
 
$
72,610
     
54,288
     
47,590
 

Statements of Condition

(dollars in thousands)
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
 
Assets:
           
Cash in subsidiary bank
 
$
24,118
     
22,665
 
Investments in subsidiaries
   
521,802
     
474,838
 
Securities available for sale
   
35
     
35
 
Other assets
   
558
     
683
 
 
               
Total assets
   
546,513
     
498,221
 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
               
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
   
8,256
     
8,350
 
Total liabilities
   
8,256
     
8,350
 
Shareholders’ equity
   
538,257
     
489,871
 
 
               
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
 
$
546,513
     
498,221
 

Page 86 of 98


Statements of Cash Flows

(dollars in thousands)
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents:
                 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                 
Net income
 
$
57,840
     
61,445
     
43,145
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
   
(32,207
)
   
(38,317
)
   
(20,185
)
Stock based compensation expense
   
5
     
173
     
150
 
Net change in other assets and accrued expenses
   
246
     
214
     
853
 
Total adjustments
   
(31,956
)
   
(37,930
)
   
(19,182
)
 
                       
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
25,884
     
23,515
     
23,963
 
 
                       
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
   
185
     
1,259
     
5,236
 
Dividends paid
   
(26,372
)
   
(25,555
)
   
(25,184
)
Payments to acquire treasury stock
   
(35
)
   
(718
)
   
(4,608
)
Proceeds from sales of treasury stock
   
1,791
     
2,391
     
2,480
 
Net cash used in financing activities
   
(24,431
)
   
(22,623
)
   
(22,076
)
 
                       
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
   
1,453
     
892
     
1,887
 
 
                       
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
   
22,665
     
21,773
     
19,886
 
 
                       
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 
$
24,118
     
22,665
     
21,773
 

Page 87 of 98


Branch Locations

New York
   
     
Airmont Office
Brunswick Office
East Greenbush Office
327 Route 59 East
740 Hoosick Rd.
501 Columbia Tpk.
Airmont, NY
Troy, NY
Rensselaer, NY
Telephone: (845) 357-2435
Telephone: (518) 272-0213
Telephone: (518) 479-7233
     
Altamont Ave. Office
Campbell West Plaza Office
Elmsford Office
1400 Altamont Ave.
141 West Campbell Rd.
100 Clearbrook Rd.
Schenectady, NY
Rotterdam, NY
Elmsford, NY
Telephone: (518) 356-1317
Telephone: (518) 377-2393
Telephone: (914) 345-1808
     
Altamont Ave. West Office
Central Ave. Office
Exit 8/Crescent Rd. Office
1900 Altamont Ave.
40 Central Ave.
1541 Crescent Rd.
Rotterdam, NY
Albany, NY
Clifton Park, NY
Telephone: (518) 355-1900
Telephone: (518) 426-7291
Telephone: (518) 383-0039
     
Amsterdam Office
Chatham Office
Exit 11 Office
4931 Route 30
193 Hudson Ave.
43 Round Lake Rd.
Amsterdam, NY
Chatham, NY
Ballston Lake, NY
Telephone: (518) 842-5459
Telephone: (518) 392-0031
Telephone: (518) 899-1558
     
Ardsley Office
Clifton Country Road Office
Fishkill Office
33-35 Center St.
7 Clifton Country Rd.
1545 Route 52
Ardsley, NY
Clifton Park, NY
Fishkill, NY
Telephone: (914) 693-3254
Telephone: (518) 371-5002
Telephone: (845) 896-8260
     
Ballston Spa Office
Clifton Park Office
Freemans Bridge Rd. Office
235 Church Ave.
1026 Route 146
1 Sarnowski Dr.
Ballston Spa, NY
Clifton Park, NY
Glenville, NY
Telephone: (518) 885-1561
Telephone: (518) 371-8451
Telephone: (518) 344-7510
     
Balltown Road Office
Cobleskill Office
Glenmont Office
1475 Balltown Rd.
104 Merchant Pl.
380 Route 9W
Niskayuna, NY
Cobleskill, NY
Glenmont, NY
Telephone: (518) 377-2460
Telephone: (518) 254-0290
Telephone: (518) 449-2128
     
Brandywine Office
Colonie Office
Glens Falls Office
1048 State St.
1818 Central Ave.
100 Glen St.
Schenectady, NY
Albany, NY
Glens Falls, NY
Telephone: (518) 346-4295
Telephone: (518) 456-0041
Telephone: (518) 798-8131
     
Briarcliff Manor Office
Crestwood Plaza Office
Greenwich Office
75 North State Rd.
415 Whitehall Rd.
131 Main St.
Briarcliff Manor, NY
Albany, NY
Greenwich, NY
Telephone: (914) 762-7133
Telephone: (518) 482-0693
Telephone: (518) 692-2233
     
Bronxville Office
Delmar Office
Guilderland Office
5-7 Park Place
167 Delaware Ave.
3900 Carman Rd.
Bronxville, NY
Delmar, NY
Schenectady, NY
Telephone: (914) 771-4180
Telephone: (518) 439-9941
Telephone: (518) 355-4890
Page 88 of 98


Branch Locations (continued)

Halfmoon Office
   
215 Guideboard Rd.
Loudon Plaza Office
Mt. Kisco Office
Country Dollar Plaza
372 Northern Blvd.
222 East Main St.
Halfmoon, NY
Albany, NY
Mt. Kisco, NY
Telephone: (518) 371-0593
Telephone: (518) 462-6668
Telephone: (914) 666-2362
     
Hartsdale Office
Madison Ave. Office
New City Office
220 East Hartsdale Ave.
1084 Madison Ave.
20 Squadron Blvd.
Hartsdale, NY
Albany, NY
New City, NY
Telephone: (914) 722-2640
Telephone: (518) 489-4711
Telephone: (845) 634-4571
     
Highland Office
Mahopac Office
New Scotland Office
3580 Route 9W
945 South Lake Blvd
301 New Scotland Ave.
Highland, NY
Mahopac, NY
Albany, NY
Telephone: (845) 691-7023
Telephone: (845) 803-8756
Telephone: (518) 438-7838
     
Hoosick Falls Office
Malta 4 Corners Office
Newton Plaza Office
47 Main St.
2471 Route 9
602 New Loudon Rd.
Hoosick Falls, NY
Malta, NY
Latham, NY
Telephone: (518) 686-5352
Telephone: (518) 899-1056
Telephone: (518) 786-3687
     
Hudson Office
Mamaroneck Office
Niskayuna-Woodlawn Office
507 Warren St.
180-190 East Boston Post Rd.
3461 State St.
Hudson, NY
Mamaroneck, NY
Schenectady, NY
Telephone: (518) 828-9434
Telephone: (914) 777-3023
Telephone: (518) 377-2264
     
Hudson Falls Office
Mayfair Office
Northern Pines Road Office
3750 Burgoyne Ave.
286 Saratoga Rd.
649 Maple Ave.
Hudson Falls, NY
Glenville, NY
Saratoga Springs, NY
Telephone: (518) 747-0886
Telephone: (518) 399-9121
Telephone: (518) 583-2634
     
Katonah Office
Mechanicville Office
Nyack Office
18 Woods Bridge Road
9 Price Chopper Plaza
388 Route 59
Katonah, NY
Mechanicville, NY
Nyack, NY
Telephone: (914) 666-6230
Telephone: (518) 664-1059
Telephone: (845) 535-3728
     
Kingston Office
Milton Office
Peekskill Office
1220 Ulster Ave.
2 Trieble Ave.
20 Welcher Ave.
Kingston, NY
Ballston Spa, NY
Peekskill, NY
Telephone: (845) 336-5372
Telephone: (518) 885-0498
Telephone: (914) 739-1839
     
Lake George Office
Monroe Office
Pelham Office
4066 Route 9L
791 Route 17M
132 Fifth Ave.
Lake George, NY
Monroe, NY
Pelham, NY
Telephone: (518) 668-2352
Telephone: (845) 782-1100
Telephone: (914) 632-1983
     
Latham Office
Mont Pleasant Office
Pomona Office
1 Johnson Rd.
959 Crane St.
1581 Route 202
Latham, NY
Schenectady, NY
Pomona, NY
Telephone: (518) 785-0761
Telephone: (518) 346-1267
Telephone: (845) 354-0176
Page 89 of 98


Branch Locations (continued)

Poughkeepsie Office
Sheridan Plaza Office
Troy Office
2656 South Rd.
1350 Gerling St.
5th Ave. and State St.
Poughkeepsie, NY
Schenectady, NY
Troy, NY
Telephone: (845) 485-6419
Telephone: (518) 377-8517
Telephone: (518) 274-5420
     
Queensbury Office
Slingerlands Office
Upper Union Street Office
118 Quaker Rd.
1569 New Scotland Rd.
1620 Union St.
Suite 1
Slingerlands, NY
Schenectady, NY
Queensbury, NY
Telephone: (518) 439-9352
Telephone: (518) 374-4056
Telephone: (518) 798-7226
   
 
South Glens Falls Office
Ushers Road Office
Red Hook Office
133 Saratoga Rd.
308 Ushers Rd.
4 Morgans Way
Suite 1
Ballston Lake, NY
Red Hook, NY
South Glens Falls, NY
Telephone: (518) 877-8069
Telephone: (845) 752-2224
Telephone: (518) 793-7668
 
   
Valatie Office
Rotterdam Office
State Farm Road Office
2929 Route 9
1416 Curry Rd.
2050 Western Ave.
Valatie, NY
Schenectady, NY
Guilderland, NY
Telephone: (518) 758-2265
Telephone: (518) 355-8330
Telephone: (518) 452-6913
 
   
Wappingers Falls Office
Route 2 Office
State St. Albany Office
1490 Route 9
201 Troy-Schenectady Rd.
112 State St.
Wappingers Falls, NY
Latham, NY
Albany, NY
Telephone: (845) 298-9315
Telephone: (518) 785-7155
Telephone: (518) 436-9043
 
   
Warrensburg Office
Route 7 Office
State St. Schenectady - Main Office
9 Lake George Plaza Rd.
1156 Troy-Schenectady Rd.
320 State St.
Lake George, NY
Latham, NY
Schenectady, NY
Telephone: (518) 623-3707
Telephone: (518) 785-4744
Telephone: (518) 381-3831
 
   
West Sand Lake Office
Saratoga Springs Office
Stuyvesant Plaza Office
3690 NY Route 43
34 Congress St.
Western Ave. at Fuller Rd.
West Sand Lake, NY
Saratoga Springs, NY
Albany, NY
Telephone: (518) 674-3327
Telephone: (518) 587-3520
Telephone: (518) 489-2616
 
   
Wilton Mall Office
Schaghticoke Office
Tanners Main Office
Route 50
2 Main St.
345 Main St.
Saratoga Springs, NY
Schaghticoke, NY
Catskill, NY
Telephone: (518) 583-1716
Telephone: (518) 753-6509
Telephone: (518) 943-2500
 
   
Wolf Road Office
Scotia Office
Tanners West Office
34 Wolf Rd.
123 Mohawk Ave.
238 West Bridge St.
Albany, NY
Scotia, NY
Catskill, NY
Telephone: (518) 458-7761
Telephone: (518) 372-9416
Telephone: (518) 943-5090
 
   
Wynantskill Office
   
134-136 Main St.
   
Wynantskill, NY
   
Telephone: (518) 286-2674
Page 90 of 98


Branch Locations (continued)

Florida
   
     
Alafaya Woods Office
Curry Ford Road Office
Lady Lake Office
1500 Alafaya Trl.
3020 Lamberton Blvd., Suite 116
873 North US Highway 27/441
Oviedo, FL
Orlando, FL
Lady Lake, FL
Telephone: (407) 359-5991
Telephone: (407) 277-9663
Telephone: (352) 205-8893
     
Aloma Office
Curry Ford West Office
Lake Brantley Office
4070 Aloma Ave.
2838 Curry Ford Rd.
909 North SR 434
Winter Park, FL
Orlando, FL
Altamonte Springs, FL
Telephone: (407) 677-1969
Telephone: (407) 893-9878
Telephone: (407) 339-3396
     
Apollo Beach Office
Davenport Office
Lake Mary Office
205 Apollo Beach Blvd.
2300 Deer Creek Commons Ln.
350 West Lake Mary Blvd.
Apollo Beach, FL
Suite 600
Sanford, FL
Telephone: (813) 649-0460
Davenport, FL
Telephone: (407) 330-7106
 
Telephone: (863) 424-9493
 
Apopka Office
 
Lake Nona Office
1134 North Rock Springs Rd.
Dean Road Office
9360 Narcoossee Rd.
Apopka, FL
3920 Dean Rd.
Orlando, FL
Telephone: (407) 464-7373
Orlando, FL
(407) 801-7330
 
Telephone: (407) 657-8001
 
Avalon Park Office
 
Lake Square Office
3662 Avalon Park East Blvd.
Downtown Orlando Office
10105 Route 441
Orlando, FL
415 East Pine St.
Leesburg, FL
Telephone: (407) 380-2264
Orlando, FL
Telephone: (352) 323-8147
 
Telephone: (407) 422-7129
 
Bay Hill Office
 
Lee Road Office
6084 Apopka Vineland Road
East Colonial Office
1084 Lee Rd., Suite 11
Orlando, FL
12901 East Colonial Dr.
Orlando, FL
Telephone: (321) 251-1859
Orlando, FL
Telephone: (407) 532-5211
 
Telephone: (407) 275-3075
 
BeeLine Center Office
 
Lee Vista Office
10249 South John Young Pkwy.
Englewood Office
8288 Lee Vista Blvd., Suite E
Suite 101
2930 South McCall Rd.
Orlando, FL
Orlando, FL
Englewood, FL
Telephone: (321) 235-5583
Telephone: (407) 240-0945
Telephone: (941) 460-0601
 
   
Leesburg Office
Beneva Village Office
Gateway Commons Office
1330 Citizens Blvd., Suite 101
5950 South Beneva Road
1525 East Osceola Pkwy., Suite 120
Leesburg, FL
Sarasota, FL
Kissimmee, FL
Telephone: (352) 365-1305
Telephone: (941) 923-8269
Telephone: (407) 932-0398
 
   
Maitland Office
Bradenton Office
Goldenrod Office
9400 US Route 17/92, Suite 101
5858 Cortez Rd. West
7803 East Colonial Rd., Suite 107
Maitland, FL
Bradenton, FL
Orlando, FL
Telephone: (407) 332-6071
Telephone: (941) 792-2604
Telephone: (407) 207-3773
 
   
Melbourne Office
Colonial Drive Office
Juno Beach Office
2481 Croton Rd.
4301 East Colonial Dr.
14051 US Highway 1
Melbourne, FL
Orlando, FL
Juno Beach, FL
Telephone: (321) 752 0446
Telephone: (407) 895-6393
Telephone: (561) 630-4521
 
     
Page 91 of 98


Branch Locations (continued)

Metro West Office
Rinehart Road Office
Vero Beach Office
2619 S. Hiawassee Rd.
1185 Rinehart Rd.
4125 20th Street
Orlando, FL
Sanford, FL
Vero Beach, FL
Telephone: (407) 293-1580
Telephone: (407) 268-3720
Telephone: (772) 492-9295
     
North Clermont Office
Sarasota Office
Westwood Plaza Office
12302 Roper Blvd.
2704 Bee Ridge Rd.
4942 West State Route 46
Clermont, FL
Sarasota, FL
Suite 1050
Telephone: (352) 243-2563
Telephone: (941) 929-9451
Sanford, FL
   
Telephone: (407) 321-4925
Orange City Office
South Clermont Office
 
902 Saxon Blvd., Suite 101
16908 High Grove Blvd.
Windermere Office
Orange City, FL
Clermont, FL
2899 Maguire Rd.
Telephone: (386) 775-1392
Telephone: (352) 243-9511
Windermere, FL
   
Telephone: (407) 654-0498
Ormond Beach Office
Stuart Office
 
115 North Nova Rd.
951 SE Federal Highway
Winter Garden Office
Ormond Beach, FL
Stuart, FL
16118 Marsh Rd.
Telephone: (386) 256-3813
Telephone: (772) 286-4757
Winter Garden, FL
   
Telephone: (407) 654-4609
Osprey Office
Sun City Center
 
1300 South Tamiami Trl.
4441 Sun City Center
Winter Haven Office
Osprey, FL
Sun City Center, FL
7476 Cypress Gardens Blvd. Southeast
Telephone: (941) 918-9380
Telephone: (813) 633-1468
Winter Haven, FL
   
Telephone: (863) 326-1918
Oviedo Office
Sweetwater Office
 
1875 West County Rd. 419
671 North Hunt Club Rd.
Winter Park Office
Suite 600
Longwood, FL
1211 N. Orange Ave.
Oviedo, FL
Telephone: (407) 774-1347
Winter Park, FL
Telephone: (407) 365-1145
 
Telephone: (407) 755-6707
 
Tuskawilla Road Office
 
Pleasant Hill Commons Office
1295 Tuskawilla Rd., Suite 10
Winter Springs Office
3307 South Orange Blossom Trl.
Winter Springs, FL
851 East State Route 434
Kissimmee, FL
Telephone: (407) 695-5558
Winter Springs, FL
Telephone: (407) 846-8866
 
Telephone: (407) 327-6064
 
Venice Office
 
Port Orange Office
2057 South Tamiami Trl.
 
3751 Clyde Morris Blvd.
Venice, FL
 
Port Orange, FL
Telephone: (941) 496-9100
 
Telephone: (386) 322-3730
   
Page 92 of 98


Branch Locations (continued)

Massachusetts
New Jersey
Vermont
     
Allendale Office
Northvale Office
Bennington Office
5 Cheshire Rd.
220 Livingston St.
215 North St.
Suite 18
Northvale, NJ
Bennington, VT
Pittsfield, MA
Telephone: (201) 750-1501
Telephone: (802) 447-4952
Telephone: (413) 236-8400
   
 
Ramsey Office
 
Great Barrington Office
385 North Franklin Tpk.
 
326 Stockbridge Rd.
Ramsey, NJ
 
Great Barrington, MA
Telephone: (201) 934-1429
 
Telephone: (413) 644-0054
   
     
Lee Office
   
43 Park St.
   
Lee, MA
   
Telephone: (413) 243-4300
   
     
Pittsfield Office
   
1 Dan Fox Dr.
   
Pittsfield, MA
   
Telephone: (413) 442-1330
   
Page 93 of 98


EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
   
CHAIRMAN, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF
Dennis A. De Gennaro, President
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Camelot Associates Corporation
Robert J. McCormick
Commercial and Residential Construction
   
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER
Brian C. Flynn, CPA
Kevin M. Curley
KPMG LLP
 
Retired Partner
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
 
AND CHIEF RISK OFFICER
Lisa M. Lucarelli, Owner
Robert M. Leonard
LMKD Properties, LLC
 
Property Management
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND
 
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Thomas O. Maggs, President
Michael M. Ozimek
Maggs & Associates
 
Insurance Agency
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
 
AND CHIEF LENDING OFFICER
Anthony J. Marinello, M.D., Ph.D.
Scot R. Salvador
Chief Medical Officer, CDPHP
   
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND
Robert J. McCormick,
TREASURER
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Eric W. Schreck
TrustCo Bank Corp NY
 
Chairman, TrustCo Bank Corp NY
GENERAL COUNSEL AND CORPORATE
 
SECRETARY
William D. Powers,
Michael J. Hall
Powers & Co., LLC
 
Retired Partner
Directors of TrustCo Bank Corp NY
 
are also Directors of Trustco Bank
 

HONORARY DIRECTORS
   
Lionel O. Barthold
John S. Morris, Ph.D
William F. Terry
Robert A. McCormick
James H. Murphy, D.D.S.
 
Nancy A. McNamara
Richard J. Murray, Jr.
 
Page 94 of 98


Trustco Bank Officers
   
     
CHAIRMAN, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
BRANCH ADMINISTRATION (continued)
GENERAL SERVICES
Robert J. McCormick
Officers
Officer
 
Takla A. Awad
Joseph N. Marley
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND
Victor J. Berger
 
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER
Albert N. Estopinal
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/
Kevin M. Curley
Lesly Jean-Louis
PLANNING AND SYSTEMS
 
Kevin R. Mason
Administrative Vice President
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
Nicolette C. Messina
John R. George
AND CHIEF RISK OFFICER
Carmen Ramjeet
Vice President and
Robert M. Leonard
Pratik A. Shah
Chief Technology Officer
 
James J. Smith
Volney R. LaRowe
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
Berkley K. Young
Officers
AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
 
Jonathan R. Goodell
Michael M. Ozimek
COLLECTIONS/ OPERATIONS/
 
 
CREDIT
 
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
Vice Presidents
LENDING
AND CHIEF LENDING OFFICER
Stacy L. Marble
Administrative Vice President
Scot R. Salvador
Michael V. Pitnell
Michelle L. Simmonds
 
Officers
Vice President
GENERAL COUNSEL AND CORPORATE
Aislinn E. Melia
Patrick M. Canavan
SECRETARY
June M. Ryder
Assistant Vice Presidents
Michael J. Hall, Esq
 
Amy E. Anderson
 
COMPLIANCE/ RISK/ BSA/
Suzanne E. Breen
ACCOUNTING/FINANCE
CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
Officers
Vice Presidents
Administrative Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer and Information Security Officer
Kevin P. Bailey
Andrea A. McGuire
Michael J. Ewell
Rebecca L. O'Hare
Michael Rydberg
Administrative Vice President
Paul T. Wersten
Assistant Vice President
Michael J. Lofrumento
 
Lynn M. Hallenbeck
Vice Presidents
MARKETING
 
Lara Ann Gough
Vice President
AUDIT
Jennifer L. Meadows
Adam E. Roselan
Director of Internal Audit
Senior Officer
 
Daniel R. Saullo
James A.P. McCarthy, Esq.
PERSONNEL/
Officers
Officers
QUALITY CONTROL/
Allison R. Downs
Amanda L. Biance
TRAINING
Kenneth E. Hughes Jr.
Michael F McMahon
Vice President and
Jeff P. Klingbeil
 
Director of Human Resources
Dennis M. Pitaniello
FINANCIAL SERVICES
Mary-Jean Riley
BRANCH ADMINISTRATION
Administrative Vice President and Chief Trust Officer
Assistant Vice President
Senior Vice President and Florida Regional President
Patrick J. LaPorta, Esq.
Jessica M. Marshall
Eric W. Schreck
Vice President
Officers
Administrative Vice President
Thomas M. Poitras
Jason T. Goodell
Carly K. Batista
Officers
 
Assistant Vice Presidents
Michael D. Bates
 
Mark J. Cooper
John W. Bresonis
 
Gloryvel Morales
Clint M. Mallard
 
Jocelyn E. Vizcara
Lauren A. Maxwell
 
Page 95 of 98


General Information

ANNUAL MEETING
Thursday, May 21, 2020
10:00 AM
Trustco Bank’s Loan Center
6 Metro Park Road
Albany, NY 12205

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
5 Sarnowski Drive
Glenville, NY 12302
(518) 377-3311

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
A Dividend Reinvestment Plan is available to shareholders of TrustCo Bank Corp NY. It provides for the reinvestment of cash dividends and optional cash payments to purchase additional shares of TrustCo stock. The Dividend Reinvestment Plan has certain administrative charges and provides a convenient method of acquiring additional shares. Computershare acts as administrator for this service and is the agent for shareholders in these transactions. Shareholders who want additional information may contact Computershare at 1-800-368-5948.

DIRECT DEPOSIT OF DIVIDENDS
Electronic deposit of dividends, which offers safety and convenience, is available to TrustCo shareholders who wish to have dividends deposited directly to personal checking, savings or other accounts. If you would like to arrange direct deposit, please write to Computershare listed as transfer agent at the bottom of this page.

FORM 10-K
TrustCo Bank Corp NY will provide, without charge, a copy of its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 upon written request. Requests and related inquiries should be directed to Robert M. Leonard, Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer, TrustCo Bank Corp NY, P.O. Box 380, Schenectady, New York 12301-0380.

CODE OF CONDUCT
TrustCo Bank Corp NY will provide, without charge, a copy of its Code of Conduct upon written request. Requests and related inquiries should be directed to Robert M. Leonard, Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer, TrustCo Bank Corp NY, P.O. Box 1082, Schenectady, New York 12301-1082.

NASDAQ SYMBOL: TRST
The Corporation’s common stock trades on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol TRST. There were approximately 11,293 shareholders of record of TrustCo common stock as of January 31, 2020.

SUBSIDIARIES:

Trustco Bank
Glenville, New York
Member FDIC
(and its wholly owned subsidiaries)

Trustco Realty Corp
Glenville, New York

Trustco Insurance Agency, Inc.
Glenville, New York

ORE Property, Inc.
Glenville, New York
(and its wholly owned subsidiaries)

ORE Property One, Inc.
Orlando, Florida

ORE Property Two, Inc.
Orlando, Florida

ORE Subsidiary Corporation
Glenville, New York
Page 96 of 98


TRANSFER AGENT
Computershare
Regular Mail
PO BOX 505000
Louisville, KY 40233-5000
UNITED STATES

Overnight Delivery
462 South 4th Street
Suite 1600 Louisville, KY 40202
UNITED STATES

Toll Free: 1-800-368-5948 or 1-781-575-4223

Trustco Bank® is a registered service mark with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office.
Page 97 of 98


GRAPHIC

Share Price Information

The following graph shows changes over a five-year period in the value of $100 invested in: (1) TrustCo’s common stock; (2) Russell 2000 and (3) the SNL Bank and Thrift Index, an industry group compiled by S&P Global Market Intelligence, that includes all major exchange (NYSE, NYSE MKT, NASDAQ) banks and thrifts in S&P’s coverage universe. The index included 387 companies as of December 31, 2019. A list of the component companies can be obtained by contacting TrustCo.

GRAPHIC

Period Ending
Index
12/31/14
12/31/15
12/31/16
12/31/17
12/31/18
12/31/19
TrustCo Bank Corp NY
100.00
88.11
130.47
141.62
109.02
142.54
Russell 2000 Index
100.00
95.59
115.95
132.94
118.30
148.49
SNL Bank and Thrift Index
100.00
102.02
128.80
151.45
125.81
170.04

Source:  S&P Global Market Intelligence
© 2020

Page 98 of 98

Exhibit 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF TRUSTCO BANK CORP NY

Trustco Bank
Federal savings bank
   
ORE Subsidiary Corp.
New York corporation
   
Trustco Realty Corp.
New York corporation (Subsidiary of Trustco Bank)
   
Trustco Insurance Agency, Inc.
New York corporation (Subsidiary of Trustco Bank)
   
ORE Property, Inc.
New York corporation (Subsidiary of Trustco Bank)
   
ORE Property One, Inc.
Florida corporation (Subsidiary of ORE Property, Inc.)
   
ORE Property Two, Inc.
Florida corporation (Subsidiary of ORE Property, Inc.)

Each subsidiary does business under its own name. The activities of each are described in Part I, Item 1 of Form 10-K.




Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors
TrustCo Bank Corp NY

We consent to incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements, Form S-8 (No. 333-175868), Form S-8 (No. 333-233122), Form S-8 (No. 333-175867), Form S-8 (No. 333-206685), Form S-3 (No. 333-218227), and Form S-3 (No. 333-217712) of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “Company”) of our report dated February 28, 2020 with respect to the consolidated financial statements of TrustCo Bank Corp NY and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting which report is incorporated by reference in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of TrustCo Bank Corp NY for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 
/s/Crowe LLP

New York, New York
February 28, 2020





Exhibit 24

Power of Attorney

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned, being a director of TrustCo Bank Corp NY, a New York corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Michael M. Ozimek and Robert M. Leonard, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power to act separately and full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead in any and all capacities, to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and any amendments thereto, each in such form as they or any one of them may approve, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing as fully and to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their substitute or resubstitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has hereunto set his or her hand on this 18th day of February, 2020.

/s/ Brian C. Flynn
 
/s/ Dennis A. De Gennaro
 
Brian C. Flynn
 
Dennis A. De Gennaro
 
       
/s/ Robert J. McCormick
 
/s/ Thomas O. Maggs
 
Robert J. McCormick
 
Thomas O. Maggs
 
       
/s/ William D. Powers
 
/s/ Dr. Anthony J. Marinello
 
William D. Powers
 
Dr. Anthony J.Marinello
 
       
/s/ Lisa M. Lucarelli
     
 Lisa M. Lucarelli
     





Exhibit 31(i)(a)

Certification

I, Robert J. McCormick, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) for the registrant and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statement for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2020

/s/ Robert J. McCormick
Robert J. McCormick
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer




Exhibit 31(i)(b)

Certification

I, Michael M. Ozimek, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I, are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2020

/s/ Michael M. Ozimek
Michael M. Ozimek
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer




Exhibit 32

Section 1350 Certifications

In connection with the Annual Report of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S. C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

 
/s/ Robert J. McCormick
 
 
Robert J. McCormick
 
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
     
 
 /s/ Michael M. Ozimek
 
 
Michael M. Ozimek
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 

 February 28, 2020