COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES / (Form: 10-Q, Received: 05/08/2020 16:10:59)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020 or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number: 000-23575

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

California		77-0446957
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

445 Pine Avenue, Goleta, California		93117
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(805) 692-5821

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒YES ☐NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒YES ☐NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)		Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common stock of the registrant issued and outstanding of 8,472,463 as of April 24, 2020.

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Index			Page
Part I. Financial Information
	Item 1 – Financial Statements
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019	2
		Consolidated Income Statements for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	3
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	4
		Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	5
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	6
		Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	7
	The financial statements included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Community West Bancshares’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

	Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		34
	Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		51
	Item 4 – Controls and Procedures		51

Part II. Other Information
	Item 1 – Legal Proceedings		52
	Item 1A – Risk Factors		52
	Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		53
	Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities		53
	Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures		53
	Item 5 – Other Information		53
	Item 6 – Exhibits		54

Signatures			54

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands, except share amounts)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	3,000		$	2,536
Federal funds sold		2			3
Interest-earning demand in other financial institutions		86,663			80,122
Cash and cash equivalents		89,665			82,661
Investment securities - available-for-sale, at fair value; amortized cost of $18,226 at March 31, 2020 and $19,382 at December 31, 2019		18,059			19,264
Investment securities - held-to-maturity, at amortized cost; fair value of $6,019 at March 31, 2020 and $6,302 at December 31, 2019		5,739			6,132
Investment securities - measured at fair value; amortized cost of $66 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.		111			167
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost		2,970			2,714
Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost		1,373			1,373
Loans:
Held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value		39,458			42,046
Held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $9,167 at March 31, 2020 and $8,717 at December 31, 2019		733,371			724,800
Total loans		772,829			766,846
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net		2,707			2,524
Premises and equipment, net		7,501			7,655
Other assets		24,254			24,534
Total assets	$	925,208		$	913,870
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing demand	$	121,293		$	110,843
Interest-bearing demand		286,736			314,278
Savings		16,016			15,689
Certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more)		93,615			96,431
Other certificates of deposit		193,939			213,693
Total deposits		711,599			750,934
Other borrowings		115,000			65,000
Other liabilities		15,448			15,958
Total liabilities		842,047			831,892
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock — no par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized; 8,472,463 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and 8,472,463 at December 31, 2019		42,671			42,586
Retained earnings		40,602			39,470
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)		(112	)		(78	)
Total stockholders’ equity		83,161			81,978
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	925,208		$	913,870

See the accompanying notes.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Interest income:	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Loans, including fees	$	10,664	$	10,541
Investment securities and other		311		484
Total interest income		10,975		11,025
Interest expense:
Deposits		2,122		2,444
Other borrowings		390		358
Total interest expense		2,512		2,802
Net interest income		8,463		8,223
(Credit) provision for loan losses		392		(57	)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		8,071		8,280
Non-interest income:
Other loan fees		341		258
Gains from loan sales, net		190		—
Document processing fees		124		87
Service charges		134		139
Other		161		120
Total non-interest income		950		604
Non-interest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits		4,398		4,381
Occupancy, net		758		782
Professional services		383		381
Data processing		283		224
Depreciation		208		213
FDIC assessment		144		170
Advertising and marketing		153		129
Stock based compensation		85		95
Other		317		342
Total non-interest expenses		6,729		6,717
Income before provision for income taxes		2,292		2,167
Provision for income taxes		694		657
Net income	$	1,598	$	1,510
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.19	$	0.18
Diluted	$	0.19	$	0.18
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		8,472		8,491
Diluted		8,579		8,604
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.055	$	0.050

See the accompanying notes.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	1,598		$	1,510
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net:
Unrealized (loss) income on securities available-for-sale (AFS), net (tax effect of $14 and $(5) for each respective period presented)		(34	)		7
Net other comprehensive (loss) income		(34	)		7
Comprehensive income	$	1,564		$	1,517

See the accompanying notes.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Retained			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Income (Loss)			Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2019:		8,472	$	42,586	$	(78	)	$	39,470		$	81,978
Net income		—		—		—			1,598			1,598
Exercise of stock options		—		—		—			—			—
Stock based compensation		—		85		—			—			85
Common stock repurchase		—		—		—			—			—
Dividends on common stock		—		—		—			(466	)		(466	)
Other comprehensive (loss), net		—		—		(34	)		—			(34	)
Balance, March 31, 2020		8,472	$	42,671	$	(112	)	$	40,602		$	83,161

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019	Common Stock						Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Retained			Total Stockholders’
	Shares			Amount			Income (Loss)			Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018:		8,533		$	42,964		$	(141	)	$	33,328		$	76,151
Net income		—			—			—			1,510			1,510
Exercise of stock options		6			43			—			—			43
Stock based compensation		—			95			—			—			95
Common stock repurchase		(89	)		(929	)		—			—			(929	)
Dividends on common stock		—			—			—			(424	)		(424	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—			—			7			—			7
Balance, March 31, 2019		8,450		$	42,173		$	(134	)	$	34,414		$	76,453

See the accompanying notes.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	1,598		$	1,510
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Provision (credit) for loan losses		392			(57	)
Depreciation		208			213
Stock based compensation		85			95
Deferred income taxes		226			212
Net accretion of discounts and premiums for investment securities		29			20
(Gains) Losses on:
Sale of loans, net		(190	)		—
Sale of assets, net		—			7
Loans originated for sale and principal collections, net		2,588			1,360
Changes in:
Investment securities held at fair value		56			(24	)
Other assets		(113	)		401
Other liabilities		(282	)		(22	)
Servicing assets, net		(124	)		8
Net cash provided by operating activities		4,473			3,723
Cash flows from investing activities:
Principal pay downs and maturities of available-for-sale securities		1,136			582
Principal pay downs and maturities of held-to-maturity securities		385			225
Loan originations and principal collections, net		(8,879	)		(3,169	)
Purchase of restricted stock, net		(256	)		—
Purchase of premises and equipment, net		(54	)		(33	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(7,668	)		(2,395	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in deposits		(39,335	)		18,723
Net increase (decrease) in borrowings		50,000			(22,250	)
Exercise of stock options		—			43
Cash dividends paid on common stock		(466	)		(424	)
Common stock repurchase		—			(929	)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities		10,199			(4,837	)
Net increase cash and cash equivalents		7,004			(3,509	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		82,661			56,915
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	89,665		$	53,406
Supplemental disclosure:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	2,134		$	2,521
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net		106			—
Operating lease right-of-use asset		—			8,350
Operating lease liability		—			8,350

See the accompanying notes.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Community West Bancshares (“CWBC”), incorporated under the laws of the state of California, is a bank holding company providing full service banking through its wholly-owned subsidiary Community West Bank, N.A. (“CWB” or the “Bank”). Unless indicated otherwise or unless the context suggests otherwise, these entities are referred to herein collectively and on a consolidated basis as the “Company.”

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and conform to practices within the financial services industry. The accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiary are included in these Consolidated Financial Statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the fair value of securities available for sale. Although Management believes these estimates to be reasonably accurate, actual amounts may differ. In the opinion of Management, all necessary adjustments have been reflected in the financial statements during their preparation.

Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and for the three months, have been prepared in a condensed format, and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These statements have been prepared on a basis that is substantially consistent with the accounting principles applied to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The information furnished in these interim statements reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for each respective period presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations in the interim statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other quarter or for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassifications have no effect on net income, comprehensive income or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.

Loans Held For Sale

Loans which are originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value determined on an aggregate basis. Valuation adjustments, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to lower of cost or fair value provision. Loans held for sale are mostly comprised of commercial agriculture and Small Business Association (“SBA”). The Company did not incur any lower of cost or fair value provision in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

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Loans Held for Investment and Interest and Fees from Loans

Loans are recognized at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income, loan participations and amounts charged off. Unearned income includes deferred loan origination fees reduced by loan origination costs. Unearned income on loans is amortized to interest income over the life of the related loan using the level yield method.

Interest income on loans is accrued daily using the effective interest method and recognized over the terms of the loans. Loan fees collected for the origination of loans less direct loan origination costs (net deferred loan fees) are amortized over the contractual life of the loan through interest income. If the loan has scheduled payments, the amortization of the net deferred loan fee is calculated using the interest method over the contractual life of the loan. If the loan does not have scheduled payments, such as a line of credit, the net deferred loan fee is recognized as interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the loan commitment. Commitment fees based on a percentage of a customer’s unused line of credit and fees related to standby letters of credit are recognized over the commitment period.

When loans are repaid, any remaining unamortized balances of unearned fees, deferred fees and costs and premiums and discounts paid on purchased loans are accounted for through interest income.

Nonaccrual loans: For all loan types, when a borrower discontinues making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must determine whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest. Generally, the Company places loans in a nonaccrual status and ceases recognizing interest income when the loan has become delinquent by more than 90 days or when Management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest is unlikely. The Company may decide to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if they are well secured by collateral and in the process of collection. Other personal loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days delinquent.

For all loan types, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but uncollected is reversed against interest income in the period in which the status is changed. Subsequent payments received from the customer are applied to principal and no further interest income is recognized until the principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required. The Company occasionally recognizes income on a cash basis for non-accrual loans in which the collection of the remaining principal balance is not in doubt.

Impaired loans: A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays or payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis. When determining the possibility of impairment, management considers the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. For collateral-dependent loans, the Company uses the fair value of collateral method to measure impairment. The collateral-dependent loans that recognize impairment are charged down to the fair value less costs to sell. All other loans are measured for impairment either based on the present value of future cash flows or the loan’s observable market price.

Troubled debt restructured loan (“TDR”): A TDR is a loan on which the Company, for reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider. These concessions include but are not limited to term extensions, rate reductions and principal reductions. Forgiveness of principal is rarely granted and modifications for all classes of loans are predominately term extensions. A TDR loan is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuring in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.

Guidance on Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19

On March 22, 2020, a statement was issued by banking regulators and titled “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus” that encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (Cares Act) that passed on March 27, 2020 further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak declared by the President of the United States under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) terminates. Accordingly, we are offering short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term, 180 days or less, modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extension of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. The modifications completed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were immaterial.

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Allowance for Loan Losses and Provision for Loan Losses

The Company maintains a detailed, systematic analysis and procedural discipline to determine the amount of the allowance for loan losses (“ALL”). The ALL is based on estimates and is intended to be appropriate to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. This process involves deriving probable loss estimates that are based on migration analysis and historical loss rates, in addition to qualitative factors that are based on management’s judgment. The migration analysis and historical loss rate calculations are based on the annualized loss rates and the Company extended its time horizon for the ALL methodology in 2019. Migration analysis is utilized for the Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”), Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, Small Business Administration (“SBA”), Home Equity Line of Credit (“HELOC”), Single Family Residential, and Consumer portfolios. The historical loss rate method is utilized primarily for the Manufactured Housing portfolio. The migration analysis takes into account the risk rating of loans that are charged off in each loan category. Loans that are considered Doubtful are typically charged off. The following is a description of the characteristics of loan ratings. Loan ratings are reviewed as part of our normal loan monitoring process, but, at a minimum, updated on an annual basis.

Substantially Risk Free – These borrowers have virtually no probability of default or loss given default and present no identifiable or potential adverse risk to the Company. Documented repayment is either backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government, or secured by cash collateral of the principal borrowed. The collateral must be in the possession of the Company and free from potential claim. In addition, these credits will conform in all aspects to established loan policies and procedures, laws, rules, and regulations.

Nominal Risk – This rating is for the highest quality borrowers with nominal probability of default or loss given default from the transaction. Typically this is a borrower with a well-established record of financial performance, a strong equity position, abundant liquidity and excellent debt service ability. The Borrower’s financial outlook is stable due to a broad range of operations or products and is able to weather an economic downturn without significant impact to liquidity or net worth. Typically, this borrower will be publicly owned or have access to public debt or equity, all investment grade. In addition, these credits will conform in all aspects to established loan policies and procedures, laws, rules, and regulations. Transaction can include marketable securities as collateral, properly margined.

Pass/Management Attention Risk – The loans in the four remaining pass categories range from minimal risk to moderate risk to acceptable risk to management attention risk. Loans rated in the first three categories are acceptable loans, appropriately underwritten, bearing an ordinary risk of loss to the Company. Loans in the minimal and moderate risk categories are loans to quality borrowers with financial statements presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment. In the case of individuals, borrowers with this rating are quality borrowers demonstrating a reasonable level of secure income, a net worth adequate to support the loan and presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment. Loans rated management attention risk indicate that although the borrower meets the criteria for a rating of acceptable risk or better, the credit possesses an identified and elevated risk level that should be resolved in a short period of time. Technical risks include, but are not limited to, inadequate or improperly executed documentation, which may be material, serious delays in the submission of financial reporting or covenant violations that are not indicative of a protracted trend.

Special Mention - A Special Mention loan has potential weaknesses that require management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize full collection of amounts due. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the borrower’s deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable loans is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they are considered uncollectible.

The Company’s ALL is maintained at a level believed appropriate by management to absorb known and inherent probable losses on existing loans. The allowance is charged for losses when management believes that full recovery on the loan is unlikely. The following is the Company’s policy regarding charging off loans.

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Commercial, CRE and SBA Loans

Charge-offs on these loan categories are taken as soon as all or a portion of any loan balance is deemed to be uncollectible. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Generally, loan balances are charged-down to the fair value of the collateral, if, based on a current assessment of the value, an apparent deficiency exists. In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is charged-off in full. Unsecured loans which are delinquent over 90 days are, without clear support, also charged-off in full.

Single Family Real Estate, HELOC’s and Manufactured Housing Loans

Consumer loans and residential mortgages secured by one-to-four family residential properties, HELOC and manufactured housing loans in which principal or interest is due and unpaid for 90 days, are evaluated for impairment. Loan balances are charged-off to the fair value of the property, less estimated selling costs, if, based on a current appraisal, an apparent deficiency exists. In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is generally fully charged-off.

Consumer Loans

All consumer loans (excluding real estate mortgages, HELOCs and cash secured loans) are charged-off or charged-down to net recoverable value before becoming 120 days or five payments delinquent.

The ALL calculation for the different loan portfolios is as follows:

•

Commercial Real Estate, Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, SBA, HELOC, Single Family Residential, and Consumer – Migration analysis combined with risk rating is used to determine the required ALL for all non-impaired loans. In addition, the migration results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect the specific portfolio category. Reserves on impaired loans are determined based upon the individual characteristics of the loan.

•

Manufactured Housing – The ALL is calculated on the basis of loss history and risk rating, which is primarily a function of delinquency. In addition, the loss results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect this specific portfolio.

The Company evaluates and individually assesses for impairment loans classified as substandard or doubtful in addition to loans either on nonaccrual, considered a TDR or when other conditions exist which lead management to review for possible impairment. Measurement of impairment on impaired loans is determined on a loan-by-loan basis and in total establishes a specific reserve for impaired loans. The amount of impairment is determined by comparing the recorded investment in each loan with its value measured by one of three methods:

•

The expected future cash flows are estimated and then discounted at the effective interest rate.

•

The value of the underlying collateral net of selling costs. Selling costs are estimated based on industry standards, the Company’s actual experience or actual costs incurred as appropriate. When evaluating real estate collateral, the Company typically uses appraisals or valuations, no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation. When evaluating non-real estate collateral securing the loan, the Company will use audited financial statements or appraisals no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation. Additionally, for both real estate and non-real estate collateral, the Company may use other sources to determine value as deemed appropriate.

•

The loan’s observable market price.

Interest income is not recognized on impaired loans except for limited circumstances in which a loan, although impaired, continues to perform in accordance with the loan contract and the borrower provides financial information to support maintaining the loan on accrual.

The Company determines the appropriate ALL on a monthly basis. Any differences between estimated and actual observed losses from the prior month are reflected in the current period in determining the appropriate ALL determination and adjusted as deemed necessary. The review of the appropriateness of the allowance takes into consideration such factors as concentrations of credit, changes in the growth, size and composition of the loan portfolio, overall and individual portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, collateral, guarantees and economic and environmental conditions that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay and/or the value of the underlying collateral. Additional factors considered include: geographic location of borrowers, changes in the Company’s product-specific credit policy and lending staff experience. These estimates depend on the outcome of future events and, therefore, contain inherent uncertainties.

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Another component of the ALL considers qualitative factors related to non-impaired loans. The qualitative portion of the allowance on each of the loan pools is based on changes in any of the following factors:

•

Concentrations of credit

•

Trends in volume, maturity, and composition of loans

•

Volume and trend in delinquency, nonaccrual, and classified assets

•

Economic conditions

•

Geographic distance

•

Policy and procedures or underwriting standards

•

Staff experience and ability

•

Value of underlying collateral

•

Competition, legal, or regulatory environment

•

Results of outside exams and quality of loan review and Board oversight

Off Balance Sheet and Credit Exposure

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Losses would be experienced when the Company is contractually obligated to make a payment under these instruments and must seek repayment from the borrower, which may not be as financially sound in the current period as they were when the commitment was originally made. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral.

As with outstanding loans, the Company applies qualitative factors to its off-balance sheet obligations in determining an estimate of losses inherent in these contractual obligations. The estimate for loan losses on off-balance sheet instruments is included within other liabilities and the charge to income that establishes this liability is included in non-interest expense.

Foreclosed Real Estate and Repossessed Assets

Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets are recorded at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell. Any excess of loan balance over the fair value less estimated costs to sell of the other assets is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. Any excess of the fair value less estimated costs to sell over the loan balance is recorded as a loan loss recovery to the extent of the loan loss previously charged-off against the allowance for loan losses; and, if greater, recorded as a gain on foreclosed assets. Subsequent to the legal ownership date, the Company periodically performs a new valuation and the asset is carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Operating expenses or income, and gains or losses on disposition of such properties, are recorded in current operations.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method, which recognizes an asset or liability representing the tax effects of future deductible or taxable amounts that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Due to tax regulations, certain items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for tax return purposes than for financial statement reporting. These items represent “temporary differences.” Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. Any interest or penalties assessed by the taxing authorities is classified in the financial statements as income tax expense. Deferred tax assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

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Management evaluates the Company’s deferred tax asset for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, including the Company’s historical profitability and projections of future taxable income. The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and record a charge to income if management determines, based on available evidence at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.

The Company is subject to the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for the financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates income tax accruals in accordance with ASC 740 guidance on uncertain tax positions.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period divided into the net income. Diluted earnings per share include the effect of all dilutive potential common shares for the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include stock options.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This update amends the accounting requirements for leases by requiring recognition of lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. Lessees are required to recognize a lease liability measured on a discounted basis, which is the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. We adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective approach. We have recorded the cumulative effects on our balance sheet as of the effective date. As a result of the adoption, there was no impact on net income. We recorded operating lease right-of-use assets of $8.4 million and lease liabilities of $8.4 million upon adoption. As of March 31, 2020, the operating lease right-of-use assets was $6.1 million and lease liabilities of $6.1 million. As part of the adoption, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within Topic 842, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classifications. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. See Note 11, Leases for further information.

In June of 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance codified within ASU-2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which amends the guidance for recognizing credit losses from an “incurred loss” methodology that delays recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred to an expected credit loss methodology. The guidance requires the use of the modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is adopted. The standard is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amended guidance and has not yet determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.

In March 2017, the FASB issued updated guidance codified within ASU-2017-08, “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20),” which is intended to enhance the accounting for the amortization of premiums for purchased callable debt securities. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued updated guidance codified within ASU-2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” which provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. In response to the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), regulators in several jurisdictions around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amended guidance and has not yet determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.

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2.	INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities are as follows:

	March 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)			Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	7,513	$	—	$	(51	)	$	7,462
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”)		10,713		27		(143	)		10,597
Total	$	18,226	$	27	$	(194	)	$	18,059

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities (“MBS”)	$	5,739	$	280	$	—		$	6,019
Total	$	5,739	$	280	$	—		$	6,019

Securities measured at fair value
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock	$	66	$	45	$	—		$	111
Total	$	66	$	45	$	—		$	111

	December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)			Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	8,112	$	—	$	(64	)	$	8,048
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”)		11,270		23		(77	)		11,216
Total	$	19,382	$	23	$	(141	)	$	19,264

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities (“MBS”)	$	6,132	$	189	$	(19	)	$	6,302
Total	$	6,132	$	189	$	(19	)	$	6,302

Securities measured at fair value
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock	$	66	$	101	$	—		$	167
Total	$	66	$	101	$	—		$	167

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $23.8 million and $25.6 million of securities at carrying value, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), as collateral for current and future advances.

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The maturity periods and weighted average yields of investment securities at the period ends indicated were as follows:

	March 31, 2020
	Less than One Year					One to Five Years					Five to Ten Years					Over Ten Years					Total
	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield
Securities available-for-sale	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	—		—		$	1,073		2.1	%	$	6,389		2.6	%	$	—		—		$	7,462		2.5	%
U.S. government agency CMO		516		2.3	%		8,773		1.4	%		1,308		1.4	%		—		—			10,597		1.4	%
Total	$	516		2.3	%	$	9,846		1.4	%	$	7,697		2.4	%	$	—		—		$	18,059		1.9	%

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—		—		$	4,963		3.2	%	$	—		0.0	%	$	776		3.6	%	$	5,739		3.3	%
Total	$	—		—		$	4,963		3.2	%	$	—		0.0	%	$	776		3.6	%	$	5,739		3.3	%

Securities measured at fair value
Farmer Mac class A stock	$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	111		—
Total	$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	111		—

	December 31, 2019
	Less than One Year				One to Five Years					Five to Ten Years					Over Ten Years					Total
	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield
Securities available-for-sale	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	—		—	$	1,094		2.3	%	$	6,954		2.8	%	$	—		—		$	8,048		2.8	%
U.S. government agency CMO		—		—		3,766		2.1	%		6,121		2.3	%		1,329		2.4	%		11,216		2.3	%
Total	$	—		—	$	4,860		2.2	%	$	13,075		2.6	%	$	1,329		2.4	%	$	19,264		2.5	%

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—		—	$	2,465		4.2	%	$	2,887		2.9	%	$	780		3.6	%	$	6,132		3.5	%
Total	$	—		—	$	2,465		4.2	%	$	2,887		2.9	%	$	780		3.6	%	$	6,132		3.5	%

Securities measured at fair value
Farmer Mac class A stock	$	—		—	$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	167		—
Total	$	—		—	$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	167		—

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The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturities as of the periods presented were as shown below:

	March 31,				December 31,
	2020				2019
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	505	$	516	$	—	$	—
After one year through five years		9,930		9,846		4,884		4,860
After five years through ten years		7,791		7,697		13,121		13,075
After ten years		—		—		1,377		1,329
Total	$	18,226	$	18,059	$	19,382	$	19,264

Securities held-to-maturity
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
After one year through five years		4,963		5,119		2,465		2,565
After five years through ten years		—		—		2,887		2,892
After ten years		776		900		780		845
Total	$	5,739	$	6,019	$	6,132	$	6,302

Securities measured at fair value
Farmer Mac class A stock	$	66	$	111	$	66	$	167
Total	$	66	$	111	$	66	$	167

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers or issuers have the right to prepay or call the investment securities. Changes in interest rates may also impact prepayments.

The following tables show all securities that are in an unrealized loss position:

	March 31, 2020
	Less Than Twelve Months				More Than Twelve Months				Total
	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	2	$	1,117	$	49	$	6,344	$	51	$	7,461
U.S. government agency CMO		18		2,075		125		6,524		143		8,599
Total	$	20	$	3,192	$	174	$	12,868	$	194	$	16,060

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. Government-agency MBS	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Securities measured at fair value
Farmer Mac class A stock	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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	December 31, 2019
	Less Than Twelve Months				More Than Twelve Months				Total
	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	3	$	1,126	$	61	$	6,922	$	64	$	8,048
U.S. government agency CMO		25		5,275		52		2,264		77		7,539
Total	$	28	$	6,401	$	113	$	9,186	$	141	$	15,587
Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. Government-agency MBS	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	2,139	$	19	$	2,139
Total	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	2,139	$	19	$	2,139

Securities measured at fair value
Farmer Mac class A stock	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 21 and 20 securities, respectively, in an unrealized loss position. Declines in the fair value of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers, among other things: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and (iii) the Company’s intent to sell an impaired security and if it is not more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized basis.

The unrealized losses are primarily due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach their maturity date, repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, management believes the impairments detailed in the table above are temporary and no other-than-temporary impairment loss has been realized in the Company’s consolidated income statements.

3.	LOANS HELD FOR SALE

SBA and Agriculture Loans

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $9.4 million and $10.4 million, respectively, of SBA loans included in loans held for sale. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the principal balance of SBA loans serviced for others was $4.6 million and $5.2 million, respectively.

The Company’s agricultural lending program includes loans for agricultural land, agricultural operational lines, and agricultural term loans for crops, equipment and livestock. The primary products are supported by guarantees issued from the USDA, FSA, and the USDA Business and Industry loan program.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $30.1 million and $31.6 million of USDA loans included in loans held for sale, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the principal balance of USDA loans serviced for others was $1.9 million.

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4.	LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT

The composition of the Company’s loans held for investment loan portfolio follows:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	263,484		$	257,247
Commercial real estate		391,207			385,642
Commercial		68,271			69,843
SBA		4,019			4,429
HELOC		4,196			4,531
Single family real estate		11,357			11,845
Consumer		71			94
		742,605			733,631
Allowance for loan losses		(9,167	)		(8,717	)
Deferred fees, net		(14	)		(58	)
Discount on SBA loans		(53	)		(56	)
Total loans held for investment, net	$	733,371		$	724,800

The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due held for investment loans by class of loans:

	March 31, 2020
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Over 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total		Recorded Investment Over 90 Days and Accruing
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	262,159	$	362	$	34	$	—	$	396	$	929	$	263,484	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		329,864		—		—		—		—		84		329,948		—
SBA 504 1st trust deed		21,450		—		—		—		—		—		21,450		—
Land		4,862		—		—		—		—		—		4,862		—
Construction		34,947		—		—		—		—		—		34,947		—
Commercial		66,725		1		—		—		1		1,545		68,271		—
SBA		3,644		—		17		—		17		358		4,019		—
HELOC		4,196		—		—		—		—		—		4,196		—
Single family real estate		11,331		26		—		—		26		—		11,357		—
Consumer		71		—		—		—		—		—		71		—
Total	$	739,249	$	389	$	51	$	—	$	440	$	2,916	$	742,605	$	—

	December 31, 2019
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Over 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total		Recorded Investment Over 90 Days and Accruing
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	256,251	$	156	$	246	$	—	$	402	$	594	$	257,247	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		327,255		—		—		—		—		84		327,339		—
SBA 504 1st trust deed		17,151		1,401		—		—		1,401		—		18,552		—
Land		4,457		—		—		—		—		—		4,457		—
Construction		35,294		—		—		—		—		—		35,294		—
Commercial		68,224		—		—		—		—		1,619		69,843		—
SBA		3,935		112		—		—		112		382		4,429		—
HELOC		4,531		—		—		—		—		—		4,531		—
Single family real estate		11,813		32		—		—		32		—		11,845		—
Consumer		94		—		—		—		—		—		94		—
Total	$	729,005	$	1,701	$	246	$	—	$	1,947	$	2,679	$	733,631	$	—

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Allowance for Loan Losses

While we have experienced fluctuations in credit quality indicators in recent periods, credit quality remained stable at March 31, 2020. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the temporary closure of business throughout the communities in which we serve, which has led to increased unemployment. Therefore, we increased the economic factor in our ALL calculation during the quarter to account for inherent risk within the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2020. We continue to monitor the economic impact from COVID-19 as it relates to credit risk to ensure the ALL is appropriate.

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for loan losses:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	8,717	$	8,691
Charge-offs		—		(17	)
Recoveries		58		31
Net recoveries		58		14
Provision (credit)		392		(57	)
Ending balance	$	9,167	$	8,648

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had reserves for credit losses on undisbursed loans of $76,000 and $85,000, respectively, which were included in other liabilities.

The following tables summarize the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio type:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	Manufactured Housing			Commercial Real Estate		Commercial			SBA			HELOC			Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total
2020	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	2,184		$	5,217	$	1,162		$	32		$	27		$	92	$	3	$	8,717
Charge-offs		—			—		—			—			—			—		—		—
Recoveries		6			20		27			3			2			—		—		58
Net recoveries		6			20		27			3			2			—		—		58
Provision (credit)		174			247		(25	)		(6	)		(2	)		4		—		392
Ending balance	$	2,364		$	5,484	$	1,164		$	29		$	27		$	96	$	3	$	9,167

2019
Beginning balance	$	2,196		$	5,028	$	1,210		$	79		$	90		$	88	$	—	$	8,691
Charge-offs		—			—		(17	)		—			—			—		—		(17	)
Recoveries		6			—		19			5			1			—		—		31
Net recoveries		6			—		2			5			1			—		—		14
Provision (credit)		(14	)		30		7			(40	)		(43	)		3		—		(57	)
Ending balance	$	2,188		$	5,058	$	1,219		$	44		$	48		$	91	$	—	$	8,648

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The following tables present impairment method information related to loans and allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment:

	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Loans Held for Investment as of March 31, 2020:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	5,327	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	465	$	—	$	5,792
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		2,467		316		1,694		357		—		1,848		—		6,682
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		7,794		316		1,694		357		—		2,313		—		12,474
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		255,690		390,891		66,577		3,662		4,196		9,044		71		730,131
Total loans held for investment	$	263,484	$	391,207	$	68,271	$	4,019	$	4,196	$	11,357	$	71	$	742,605
Unpaid Principal Balance
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	5,327	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	465	$	—	$	5,792
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		3,336		382		1,950		718		—		1,848		—		8,234
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		8,663		382		1,950		718		—		2,313		—		14,026
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		255,690		390,891		66,577		3,662		4,196		9,044		71		730,131
Total loans held for investment	$	264,353	$	391,273	$	68,527	$	4,380	$	4,196	$	11,357	$	71	$	744,157
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	324	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17	$	—	$	341
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		324		—		—		—		—		17		—		341
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,040		5,484		1,164		29		27		79		3		8,826
Total loans held for investment	$	2,364	$	5,484	$	1,164	$	29	$	27	$	96	$	3	$	9,167

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	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Loans Held for Investment as of December 31, 2019:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	5,702	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	470	$	—	$	6,172
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		2,296		318		1,802		382		—		1,858		—		6,656
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		7,998		318		1,802		382		—		2,328		—		12,828
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		249,249		385,324		68,041		4,047		4,531		9,517		94		720,803
Total loans held for investment	$	257,247	$	385,642	$	69,843	$	4,429	$	4,531	$	11,845	$	94	$	733,631
Unpaid Principal Balance
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	5,702	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	470	$	—	$	6,172
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		3,134		384		2,156		736		—		1,858		—		8,268
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		8,836		384		2,156		736		—		2,328		—		14,440
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		249,249		385,324		68,041		4,047		4,531		9,517		94		720,803
Total loans held for investment	$	258,085	$	385,708	$	70,197	$	4,783	$	4,531	$	11,845	$	94	$	735,243
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	334	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18	$	—	$	352
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		334		—		—		—		—		18		—		352
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		1,850		5,217		1,162		32		27		74		3		8,365
Total loans held for investment	$	2,184	$	5,217	$	1,162	$	32	$	27	$	92	$	3	$	8,717

Included in impaired loans are $0.5 million and $0.6 million of loans guaranteed by government agencies at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. A valuation allowance is established for an impaired loan when the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment. In certain cases, portions of impaired loans are charged-off to realizable value instead of establishing a valuation allowance and are included, when applicable in the table below as “Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance under ASC 310.” The valuation allowance disclosed above is included in the allowance for loan losses reported in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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The table below reflects recorded investment in loans classified as impaired:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Impaired loans with a specific valuation allowance under ASC 310	$	5,792	$	6,172
Impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance under ASC 310		6,682		6,656
Total impaired loans	$	12,474	$	12,828
Valuation allowance related to impaired loans	$	341	$	352

The following table summarizes impaired loans by class of loans:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	7,794	$	7,998
Commercial real estate :
Commercial real estate		84		84
SBA 504 1st trust deed		232		234
Land		—		—
Construction		—		—
Commercial		1,694		1,802
SBA		357		382
HELOC		—		—
Single family real estate		2,313		2,328
Consumer		—		—
Total	$	12,474	$	12,828

The following tables summarize average investment in impaired loans by class of loans and the related interest income recognized:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020				2019
	Average Investment in Impaired Loans		Interest Income		Average Investment in Impaired Loans		Interest Income
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	7,923	$	135	$	10,386	$	166
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		84		—		98		—
SBA 504 1st trust deed		234		4		239		4
Land		—		—		—		—
Construction		—		—		—		—
Commercial		1,754		2		7,573		43
SBA		371		—		790		—
HELOC		—		—		193		5
Single family real estate		2,329		31		2,618		34
Consumer		—		—		—		—
Total	$	12,695	$	172	$	21,897	$	252

The Company is not committed to lend additional funds on these impaired loans.

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The following table reflects the recorded investment in certain types of loans at the periods indicated:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans	$	2,916		$	2,679
Government guaranteed portion of loans included above	$	272		$	290

Troubled debt restructured loans, gross	$	10,451		$	10,774
Loans 30 through 89 days past due with interest accruing	$	440		$	1,947
Loans 90 days or more past due with interest accruing	$	—		$	—
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans held for investment		1.23	%		1.19	%

The accrual of interest is discontinued when substantial doubt exists as to collectability of the loan; generally at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent. Any unpaid but accrued interest is reversed at that time. Thereafter, interest income is no longer recognized on the loan. Interest income may be recognized on impaired loans to the extent they are not past due by 90 days. Interest on nonaccrual loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Foregone interest on nonaccrual and TDR loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, was $0.1 million.

The following table presents the composition of nonaccrual loans by class of loans:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	929	$	594
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		84		84
SBA 504 1st trust deed		—		—
Land		—		—
Construction		—		—
Commercial		1,545		1,619
SBA		358		382
HELOC		—		—
Single family real estate		—		—
Consumer		—		—
Total	$	2,916	$	2,679

Included in nonaccrual loans are $0.3 million of loans guaranteed by government agencies at March 31, 2020 and $0.3 million at December 31, 2019.

The guaranteed portion of each SBA loan is repurchased from investors when those loans become past due 120 days by either CWB or the SBA directly. After the foreclosure and collection process is complete, the principal balance of loans repurchased by CWB are reimbursed by the SBA. Although these balances do not earn interest during this period, they generally do not result in a loss of principal to CWB; therefore a repurchase reserve has not been established related to these loans.

The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Under the Company’s risk rating system, the Company rates loans with potential problems as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss”. For a detailed discussion on these risk classifications see “Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Loan Losses and Provision for Loan Losses”. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Risk ratings are updated as part of our normal loan monitoring process, at a minimum, annually.

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The following tables present gross loans by risk rating:

	March 31, 2020
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	262,356	$	—	$	1,128	$	—	$	263,484
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		326,383		1,926		1,639		—		329,948
SBA 504 1st trust deed		20,815		338		296		—		21,449
Land		4,862		—		—		—		4,862
Construction		32,856		—		2,091		—		34,947
Commercial		65,060		1,010		1,611		—		67,681
SBA		2,891		—		294		—		3,185
HELOC		4,196		—		—		—		4,196
Single family real estate		11,352		—		5		—		11,357
Consumer		71		—		—		—		71
Total, net		730,842		3,274		7,064		—		741,180
Government guarantee		—		—		1,425		—		1,425
Total	$	730,842	$	3,274	$	8,489	$	—	$	742,605

	December 31, 2019
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	256,430	$	—	$	817	$	—	$	257,247
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		323,748		3,507		84		—		327,339
SBA 504 1st trust deed		18,250		—		302		—		18,552
Land		4,457		—		—		—		4,457
Construction		33,280		—		2,014		—		35,294
Commercial		66,525		170		1,619		—		68,314
SBA		2,379		28		1,154				3,561
HELOC		4,531		—		—		—		4,531
Single family real estate		11,840		—		5		—		11,845
Consumer		94		—		—		—		94
Total, net		721,534		3,705		5,995	$	—		731,234
Government guarantee		—		1,530		867		—		2,397
Total	$	721,534	$	5,235	$	6,862	$	—	$	733,631

Troubled Debt Restructured Loan (TDR)

A TDR is a loan on which the bank, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the bank would not otherwise consider. The loan terms that have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, extensions, deferrals, renewals and rewrites. The majority of the bank’s modifications are extensions in terms or deferral of payments which result in no lost principal or interest followed by reductions in interest rates or accrued interest. A TDR is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuring in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.

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The following tables summarize the financial effects of TDR loans by loan class for the periods presented:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Number of Loans		Pre- Modification Recorded Investment		Post Modification Recorded Investment		Balance of Loans with Rate Reduction		Balance of Loans with Term Extension		Effect on Allowance for Loan Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
Manufactured housing		1	$	56	$	56	$	56	$	56	$	1
Total		1	$	56	$	56	$	56	$	56	$	1

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Loans		Pre- Modification Recorded Investment		Post Modification Recorded Investment		Balance of Loans with Rate Reduction		Balance of Loans with Term Extension		Effect on Allowance for Loan Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
SBA		1	$	48	$	48	$	48	$	—	$	—
Total		1	$	48	$	48	$	48	$	—	$	—

There was one new TDR loan for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The rate concession was 100 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 200 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The term extension in months was 181 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the term extension was 47 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

A TDR loan is deemed to have a payment default when the borrower fails to make two consecutive payments or the collateral is transferred to repossessed assets. The Company had no TDR’s with payment defaults for the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.

At March 31, 2020 there were no material loan commitments outstanding on TDR loans.

Guidance on Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19

On March 22, 2020, a statement was issued by banking regulators and titled “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus” that encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) that passed on March 27, 2020 further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak declared by the President of the United States under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) terminates. Accordingly, we are offering short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term, 180 days or less, modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extension of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. The modifications completed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were immaterial.

5.	OTHER ASSETS ACQUIRED THROUGH FORECLOSURE

The following table summarizes the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	2,524	$	—
Additions		106		—
Proceeds from dispositions		—		—
Gain (loss) on foreclosed assets, net		77		—
Third-party portion of writedown/loss		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	2,707	$	—

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Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist primarily of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. Properties or other assets (primarily manufactured housing) are classified as other real estate owned and other repossessed assets and are reported at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell. Costs relating to development or improvement of the assets are capitalized and costs related to holding the assets are charged to expense. The balance is primarily attributable to a single commercial agricultural relationship.

6.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) established a framework for measuring fair value using a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset as of the measurement date. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would consider in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs, as follows:

•

Level 1— Observable quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

•

Level 2— Observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, matrix pricing or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly in the market.

•

Level 3— Model-based techniques where all significant assumptions are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The availability of observable inputs varies based on the nature of the specific financial instrument. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. When market assumptions are available, ASC 820 requires the Company to make assumptions regarding the assumptions that market participants would use to estimate the fair value of the financial instrument at the measurement date.

FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value.

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The estimated fair value amounts for March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 have been measured as of period-end, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at the period-end.

This information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimate, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies or banks may not be meaningful.

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The following tables summarize the fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
March 31, 2020	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value
Assets:	(in thousands)
Investment securities measured at fair value	$	111	$	—	$	—	$	111
Investment securities available-for-sale		—		18,059		—		18,059
Interest only strips		—		—		38		38
Servicing assets		—		—		970		970
Total	$	111	$	18,059	$	1,008	$	19,178

	Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
December 31, 2019	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value
Assets:	(in thousands)
Investment securities measured at fair value	$	167	$	—	$	—	$	167
Investment securities available-for-sale		—		19,264		—		19,264
Interest only strips		—		—		41		41
Servicing assets		—		—		846		846
Total	$	167	$	19,264	$	887	$	20,318

Market valuations of our investment securities which are classified as Level 2 are provided by an independent third party. The fair values are determined by using several sources for valuing fixed income securities. Their techniques include pricing models that vary based on the type of asset being valued and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, the market valuation sources include observable market inputs and are therefore considered Level 2 inputs for purposes of determining the fair values.

On certain SBA loan sales, the Company retained interest only strip assets (“I/O strips”) which represent the present value of excess net cash flows generated by the difference between (a) interest at the stated rate paid by borrowers and (b) the sum of (i) pass-through interest paid to third-party investors and (ii) contractual servicing fees. I/O strips are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value is determined on a quarterly basis through a discounted cash flow analysis prepared by an independent third party using industry prepayment speeds. I/O strip valuation adjustments are recorded as additions or offsets to loan servicing income.

The Company had elected to use the amortizing method for the treatment of servicing assets and had measured for impairment on a quarterly basis through a discounted cash flow analysis prepared by an independent third party using industry prepayment speeds. In connection with the sale of certain SBA and USDA loans the Company recorded servicing assets and elected to measure those assets at fair value in accordance with ASC 825-10. Significant assumptions in the valuation of servicing assets include estimated loan repayment rates, the discount rate, and servicing costs, among others. Servicing assets are classified as Level 3 measurements due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, as well as significant management judgment and estimation.

The Company also has assets that under certain conditions are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets include loans held for sale, foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets and certain loans that are considered impaired per generally accepted accounting principles.

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The following summarizes the fair value measurements of assets measured on a non-recurring basis:

			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Active Markets for Similar Assets (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
March 31, 2020:
Impaired loans	$	2,506	$	—	$	2,506	$	—
Loans held for sale		42,942		—		42,942		—
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets		2,707		—		2,707		—
Total	$	48,155	$	—	$	48,155	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Active Markets for Similar Assets (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2019:
Impaired loans	$	2,334	$	—	$	2,334	$	—
Loans held for sale		42,900		—		42,900		—
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets		2,524		—		2,524		—
Total	$	47,758	$	—	$	47,758	$	—

The Company records certain loans at fair value on a non-recurring basis. When a loan is considered impaired an allowance for a loan loss is established. The fair value measurement and disclosure requirement applies to loans measured for impairment using the practical expedients method permitted by accounting guidance for impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured at an observable market price, if available or at the fair value of the loan’s collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by appraisals or independent valuation. When the fair value of the loan’s collateral is based on an observable market price or current appraised value, given the current real estate markets, the appraisals may contain a wide range of values and accordingly, the Company classifies the fair value of the impaired loans as a non-recurring valuation within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. For loans in which impairment is determined based on the net present value of cash flows, the Company classifies these as a non-recurring valuation within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets are carried at the lower of book value or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices obtained from certified appraisers or the current listing price, if lower. When the fair value of the collateral is based on a current appraised value, the Company reports the fair value of the foreclosed collateral as non-recurring Level 2. When a current appraised value is not available or if management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired, the Company reports the foreclosed collateral as non-recurring Level 3.

FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The estimated fair values of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

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The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

	March 31, 2020
	Carrying		Fair Value
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	89,665	$	89,665	$	—	$	—	$	89,665
FRB and FHLB stock		4,343		—		4,343		—		4,343
Investment securities		23,909		111		24,078		—		24,189
Loans, net		772,829		—		767,822		9,395		777,217
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		711,599		—		752,858		—		752,858
Other borrowings		115,000		—		105,674		—		105,674

	December 31, 2019
	Carrying		Fair Value
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	82,661	$	82,661	$	—	$	—	$	82,661
FRB and FHLB stock		4,087		—		4,087		—		4,087
Investment securities		25,563		167		25,399		—		25,566
Loans, net		766,846		—		752,287		9,907		762,194
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		750,934		—		751,398		—		751,398
Other borrowings		65,000		—		65,236		—		65,236

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and due from banks approximate their fair value.

Investment securities

The fair value of Farmer Mac class A stock is based on quoted market prices and are categorized as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of other investment securities were determined based on matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique that utilizes observable market inputs including, for example, yield curves, credit ratings and prepayment speeds. Fair values determined using matrix pricing are generally categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Reserve Stock and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

CWB is a member of the FHLB system and maintains an investment in capital stock of the FHLB. CWB also maintains an investment in capital stock of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). These investments are carried at cost since no ready market exists for them, and they have no quoted market value. The Company conducts a periodic review and evaluation of our FHLB stock to determine if any impairment exists. The fair values have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics or based on the agreed-upon sale price. As such, the Company classifies the fair value of loans held for sale as a non-recurring valuation within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had loans held for sale with an aggregate carrying value of $39.5 million and $42.0 million respectively.

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Loans

Fair value of loans is estimated by calculating loan level fair values for all loans utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology incorporating “exit pricing” analytics in conformance with ASU 2016-01. All active loans were valued in the portfolio as of date of exercise, excluding any loans held for sale, and utilized assumptions such as probability of default, loss given default, recovery delay and prepayment assumptions. Fair value was calculated in accordance with ASC 820. The fair value for loans is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Fair values of impaired loans using a discounted cash flow method to measure impairment have been categorized as Level 3.

Deposits

The amount payable at demand at report date is used to estimate the fair value of demand and savings deposits. The estimated fair values of fixed-rate time deposits are determined by discounting the cash flows of segments of deposits that have similar maturities and rates, utilizing a discount rate that approximates the prevailing rates offered to depositors as of the measurement date. The fair value measurement of deposit liabilities is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings

The fair values of the Company’s borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the market rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The FHLB advances have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Off-balance sheet instruments

Fair values for the Company’s off-balance sheet instruments (lending commitments and standby letters of credit) are based on quoted fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.

There were $0.6 million standby letters of credit outstanding at March 31, 2020 and zero at December 31, 2019. Unfunded loan commitments at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $59.8 million and $57.5 million, respectively.

7.	OTHER BORROWINGS

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances – The Company through the bank has a blanket lien credit line with the FHLB. FHLB advances are collateralized in the aggregate by CWB’s eligible loans and securities. Total FHLB advances were $105.0 million and $65.0 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, borrowed at fixed rates. The Company also had $89.3 million of letters of credit with FHLB at March 31, 2020 to secure public funds. At March 31, 2020, CWB had pledged to the FHLB $23.8 million of securities and $329.9 million of loans. At March 31, 2020, CWB had $32.9 million available for additional borrowing. At December 31, 2019, CWB had pledged to the FHLB $25.6 million of securities and $324.2 million of loans. At December 31, 2019, CWB had $60.5 million available for additional borrowing. Total FHLB interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 was $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Federal Reserve Bank – The Company has established a credit line with the FRB. Advances are collateralized in the aggregate by eligible loans for up to 28 days. There were no outstanding FRB advances as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Available borrowing capacity was $110.7 million and $108.6 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Federal Funds Purchased Lines – The Company has federal funds borrowing lines at correspondent banks totaling $20.0 million. There was no amount outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Line of Credit - In July of 2019, the Company entered into a change of terms on its revolving line of credit agreement for up to $10.0 million. The Company must maintain a compensating deposit with the lender of 25% of the outstanding principal balance in a non-interest-bearing deposit account, which was $2.5 million at March 31, 2020. In addition, the Company must maintain a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.65, a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 7.0% and a minimum total risked based capital ratio of 10.0%. As of March 31, 2020, the outstanding balance of the revolving line of credit was $10.0 million at a rate of 5.33%.

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8.	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The following table summarizes the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	Unrealized holding gains (losses) on AFS
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	(78	)	$	(141	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		(34	)		7
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—
Net current-period other comprehensive income		(34	)		7
Ending Balance	$	(112	)	$	(134	)

Common Stock

On February 28, 2019, the Board of Directors increased the common stock repurchase program to $4.5 million and extended the repurchase program until August 31, 2021. Under this program the Company has repurchased 350,189 common stock shares for $3.0 million at an average price of $8.71 per share. There were no common stock shares repurchased under this program during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company paid common stock dividends of $0.5 million.

9.	CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

The Federal Reserve has adopted capital adequacy guidelines that are used to assess the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company. In July 2013, the federal banking agencies approved the final rules (“Final Rules”) to establish a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework with a phase-in period beginning January 1, 2015 and ending January 1, 2019. The Final Rules implement the third installment of the Basel Accords (“Basel III”) regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”) and substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to the Company. Basel III redefines the regulatory capital elements and minimum capital ratios, introduces regulatory capital buffers above those minimums, revises rules for calculating risk-weighted assets and adds a new component of Tier 1 capital called Common Equity Tier 1, which includes common equity and retained earnings and excludes preferred equity.

In November 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly issued a final rule which provides for an additional optional, simplified measure of capital adequacy, the community bank leverage ratio framework. The final rule was effective January 1, 2020. Under this framework the bank would choose the option of using the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR). In order to qualify, a community banking organization is defined as having less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, a leverage ratio greater than 9%, off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of total consolidated assets, and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total consolidated assets. A CBLR bank may opt out of the framework at any time, without restriction, by reverting to the generally applicable risk-based capital rules. The Company chose the CBLR option for calculation of its capital ratio in the first quarter of 2020.

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The following tables illustrates the Bank’s regulatory ratios and the Federal Reserve’s current adequacy guidelines as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Federal Reserve’s fully phased-in guidelines applicable in 2019 are also summarized.

	Total Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Tier 1 Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)			Community Banking Leverage Ratio
March 31, 2020
CWB’s actual regulatory ratios		11.60	%		10.42	%		10.42	%		9.21	%		9.21	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%		8.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A			9.00	%
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer		10.50	%		8.50	%		7.00	%		N/A			N/A

	Total Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Tier 1 Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)
December 31, 2019
CWB’s actual regulatory ratios		11.41	%		10.28	%		10.28	%		9.06	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer		10.50	%		8.50	%		7.00	%		N/A

There are no conditions or events since March 31, 2020 that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s risk-based capital category.

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10.	REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company adopted ASU No, 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606 on January 1, 2018.

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain non-interest income streams such as servicing rights, financial guarantees and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to non-interest income streams such as deposit related fees, interchange fees and merchant income. However the recognition of these income streams did not change upon the adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Non-interest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of monthly service fees, check orders, account analysis fees, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for monthly service fees and account analysis fees is generally satisfied, and the related income recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit related fees are largely transactional based and, therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied and related income recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Exchange Fees and Other Service Charges

Exchange fees and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, merchant services income, ATM fees and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa or MasterCard. Merchant services income is primarily fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Other service charges include fees from processing wire transfers, cashier’s checks and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for exchange and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for periods indicated.

Non-interest income	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
In-scope of Topic 606:	(in thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	120	$	125
Exchange fees and other service charges		40		35
Non-interest income (in-scope of Topic 606)		160		160
Non-interest income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)		790		444
Total	$	950	$	604

Contract Balances

A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s non-interest income streams are largely based on transactional activity. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and income is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any signficant contract balances.

Contract Acquisition Costs

In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained. The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

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11.

LEASES

As described in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recent Accounting Pronouncements, effective January 1, 2019, we adopted Topic 842. We have operating leases for office space. Our office leases are typically for terms of between 2 and 10 years. Rents usually increase annually in accordance with defined rent steps or based on current year consumer price index adjustments. When renewal options exist, we generally do not deem them to be reasonably certain to be exercised, and therefore the amounts are not recognized as part of our lease liability nor our right-of-use asset. As part of the adoption, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, but not the hindsight practical expedient. As of March 31, 2020, the balance of the right-of-use assets was $6.1 million and the lease liabilities were $6.1 million. The right-of-use assets are included in other assets and the lease liabilities are included in other liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Lease cost:	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost		277			303
Sublease income		—			—
Total lease cost		277			303

Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities		—			—
Operating cash flows from operating leases		274			293
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases	9.52 Years			10.63 years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases		3.24	%		3.25	%

Future minimum operating lease payments:

	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
2019	$	—	$	881
2020		741		1,104
2021		884		975
2022		779		873
2023		705		802
2024		713		813
Thereafter		3,291		4,227
Total future minimum lease payments	$	7,113	$	9,675
Less remaining imputed interest		1,021		1,552
Total lease liabilities	$	6,092	$	8,123

12.	RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States and around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect economic activity globally, nationally and locally. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 include restrictions on travel, quarantines in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. COVID-19 and actions taken to mitigate the spread of it have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which the Company operates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, market interest rates have declined significantly, with the 10-year Treasury bond falling below 1.00 percent on March 3, 2020 for the first time. Such events also may adversely affect business and consumer confidence, generally, and the Company and its customers, and their respective suppliers, vendors and processors, may be adversely affected. On March 3, 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee reduced the targeted federal funds interest rate range by 50 basis points to 1.00 percent to 1.25 percent. This range was further reduced to 0 percent to 0.25 percent on March 16, 2020. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted to, among other provisions, provide emergency assistance for individuals, families and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. These reductions in interest rates and other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in future periods. It is unknown how long the adverse conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic will last and what the complete financial effect will be to the Company. It is reasonably possible that estimates made in the financial statements could be materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of these conditions, including expected credit losses on loan receivables.

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ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion is designed to provide insight into management’s assessment of significant trends related to the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital resources and interest rate sensitivity. It should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report.

Forward Looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for “forward-looking statements” provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may include statements that expressly or implicitly predict future results, performance or events. Statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. In addition, the words “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes,” “estimates” and “intends” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology constitute “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Except as required by law, the Company disclaims any obligation to update any such forward-looking statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.

Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q involve substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond the control of the Company and may cause our actual results to differ significantly from historical results and those expressed in any forward-looking statement. Risks and uncertainties include those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the following factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented:

•

general economic conditions, either nationally or locally in some or all areas in which business is conducted, or conditions in the real estate or securities markets or the banking industry which could affect liquidity in the capital markets, the volume of loan origination, deposit flows, real estate values, the levels of non-interest income and the amount of loan losses;

•

changes in existing loan portfolio composition and credit quality, and changes in loan loss requirements;

•

legislative or regulatory changes which may adversely affect the Company’s business;

•

the water shortage in certain areas of California and its impact on the economy;

•

the Company’s success in implementing its new business initiatives, including expanding its product line, adding new branches and successfully building its brand image;

•

changes in interest rates which may reduce or increase net interest margin and net interest income;

•

increases in competitive pressure among financial institutions or non-financial institutions;

•

technological changes which may be more difficult to implement or more expensive than anticipated;

•

changes in borrowing facilities, capital markets and investment opportunities which may adversely affect the business;

•

changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines which may cause conditions to be perceived differently;

•

litigation or other matters before regulatory agencies, whether currently existing or commencing in the future, which may delay the occurrence or non-occurrence of events longer than anticipated;

•

the ability to originate loans with attractive terms and acceptable credit quality;

•

the ability to attract and retain key members of management;

•

the ability to realize cost efficiencies;

•

a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure;

•

a return of recessionary conditions could result in increases in our level of non-performing loans and/or reduce demand for our products and services; and

•

risks related to health epidemics.

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For additional information regarding risks that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and in item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report.

Financial Overview and Highlights

Community West Bancshares (“CWBC”) incorporated under the laws of the state of California, is a bank holding company headquartered in Goleta, California providing full service banking and lending through its wholly-owned subsidiary Community West Bank (“CWB” or the “Bank”), which has eight California branch banking offices in Goleta, Ventura, Santa Maria, Santa Barbara, Westlake Village, San Luis Obispo, Oxnard, and Paso Robles. These entities are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”. The Westlake Village branch is scheduled to close June 12, 2020.

After a good beginning in terms of loan growth and initiatives in the first two months of 2020, March brought the year of unprecedented change. The Federal Reserve decreased its overnight rate by 50 basis points on March 3, 2020. As we were adjusting to that change, they again decreased the rate on March 15, 2020 by a before unseen 100 basis points. Unexpected and unprecedented changes have occurred as a result of COVID-19. The pandemic has created significant market volatility, economic uncertainty, and disruption to normal business operations around the world, with slowdowns and shutdowns affecting entire industries. The California governor issued a stay-at-home order on March 19, 2020, which limits gatherings and travel and requires workers who are not necessary to sustain or protect life to stay at home. The orders, as a result of COVID-19, have led to financial stress for many businesses and workers throughout the communities we serve.

The CARES Act, a massive and unprecedented federal government support program, was enacted on March 27, 2020. It is a $2 trillion stimulus package intended to provide financial relief across the country. The CARES Act includes the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), which enables small businesses to obtain a forgivable Small Business Association (SBA) loan to meet payroll, rent, utility, and mortgage interest obligations for the 8-week period following the loan origination, and re-open quickly once the public health crisis ends. We are proud to facilitate SBA PPP loans to businesses throughout the communities we serve. Bank regulators issued an interim rule that neutralizes the regulatory capital effects by allowing a zero percent risk weight, for capital purposes to loans originated under the PPP and exclusion from average assets used for the leverage ratio as long as the loans are pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank’s Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Fund (PPPLF) program. The capital rule was issued April 9, 2020 and is effective immediately.

The Company has held discussions with many of our customers and they have expressed their general concern about the uncertain economic conditions. At this time, we believe it is premature to predict the magnitude of the impact. Measures we have taken to assist our customers include loan programs that provide short-term relief. Under these programs, borrowers who were in good standing as of the date of the request, can elect to defer full or partial payments for up to a 180-day period. Bank regulators issued a statement on March 22, 2020, and a revised statement on April 7, 2020, which provides confirmation that short-term loan modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers with a current payment status are not Troubled Debt Restructured (TDR) loans. These programs, along with the SBA PPP, could mask or delay the detection or reporting of deterioration in credit quality indicators.

The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Future developments include new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, among others. We expect the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the extent of its effect on our financial and operational results, to be dictated by, among other factors, its duration, the success of efforts to contain it and the impact of actions taken in response. Uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic is pervasive, and the pandemic will likely impact our operations, customers, and various areas of risk; however, we are unable at this time, to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our ongoing financial and operational results.

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Financial Result Highlights for the First Quarter of 2020

The significant factors impacting the Company’s first quarter earnings performance were:

•

Net income was $1.6 million, or $0.19 per diluted share, in 1Q20, compared to $2.7 million, or $0.32 per diluted share in 4Q19, and $1.5 million, or $0.18 per diluted share in 1Q19.

•

Provision for loan losses was $392,000 for the quarter, compared to a credit for loan losses of ($210,000) for 4Q19, and a credit for loan losses of ($57,000) for 1Q19.

•

Net interest margin of 3.97% for 1Q20, compared to 4.07% for 4Q19 and 3.99% for 1Q19.

•

Total deposits decreased to $711.6 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $750.9 million at December 31, 2019, and $734.7 million at March 31, 2019.

•

Total demand deposits represented 57.3% of total deposits at March 31, 2020. Non-interest-bearing demand deposits increased $10.5 million to $121.3 million compared to $110.8 million at December 31, 2019 and decreased $14.2 million compared to $135.5 million at March 31, 2019.

•

Total loans increased $6.4 million during the quarter to $782.0 million at March 31, 2020 compared to $775.6 million at December 31, 2019, and increased $11.9 million compared to $770.1 million at March 31, 2019.

•

Book value per common share increased to $9.82 at March 31, 2020, compared to $9.68 at December 31, 2019, and $9.05 at March 31, 2019.

•

Net non-accrual loans of $2.6 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $2.4 million at December 31, 2019, and $3.3 million at March 31, 2019.

•

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net was $2.7 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $2.5 million at December 31, 2019, and zero at March 31, 2019.

The impact to the Company from these items, and others of both a positive and negative nature, will be discussed in more detail as they pertain to the Company’s overall comparative performance for the three months ended March 31, 2020 throughout the analysis sections of this report.

Critical Accounting Policies

A number of critical accounting policies are used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These policies relate to areas of the financial statements that involve estimates and judgments made by management. These include provision and allowance for loan losses and investment securities. These critical accounting policies are discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 with a description of how the estimates are determined and an indication of the consequences of an over or under estimate.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

A summary of our results of operations and financial condition and select metrics is included in the following table:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Net income	$	1,598		$	1,510
Basic earnings per share		0.19			0.18
Diluted earnings per share		0.19			0.18
Total assets		925,208			882,394
Total loans		772,829			761,418
Total deposits		711,599			734,729
Total stockholders’ equity		83,161			76,453
Book value per common share		9.82			9.05
Net interest margin		3.97	%		3.99	%
Return on average assets		0.73	%		0.71	%
Return on average stockholders’ equity		7.76	%		7.99	%

The following table sets forth a summary financial overview for the comparable three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended March 31,					Increase
	2020		2019			(Decrease)
Consolidated Income Statement Data:	(dollars in thousands)
Interest income	$	10,975	$	11,025		$	(50	)
Interest expense		2,512		2,802			(290	)
Net interest income		8,463		8,223			240
Credit (provision) for loan losses		392		(57	)		449
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		8,071		8,280			(209	)
Non-interest income		950		604			346
Non-interest expenses		6,729		6,717			12
Income before income taxes		2,292		2,167			125
Provision for income taxes		694		657			37
Net income	$	1,598	$	1,510		$	88
Income per share - basic	$	0.19	$	0.18		$	0.01
Income per share - diluted	$	0.19	$	0.18		$	0.01

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Interest Rates and Differentials

The following table illustrates average yields on interest-earning assets and average rates on interest-bearing liabilities for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020								2019
	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Cost (2)			Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Cost (2)
Interest-Earning Assets	(in thousands)
Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits	$	41,470		$	126		1.22	%	$	30,505		$	167		2.22	%
Investment securities		29,057			185		2.56	%		36,186			317		3.55	%
Loans (1)		787,537			10,664		5.45	%		768,253			10,541		5.56	%
Total earnings assets		858,064			10,975		5.14	%		834,944			11,025		5.36	%
Nonearning Assets
Cash and due from banks		3,053								3,172
Allowance for loan losses		(8,880	)							(8,740	)
Other assets		34,181								30,308
Total assets	$	886,418							$	859,684
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Interest-bearing demand deposits		283,209			719		1.02	%		284,120			831		1.19	%
Savings deposits		15,707			30		0.77	%		15,219			31		0.83	%
Time deposits		301,399			1,373		1.83	%		304,042			1,582		2.11	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		600,315			2,122		1.42	%		603,381			2,444		1.64	%
Other borrowings		68,571			390		2.29	%		49,942			358		2.91	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		668,886			2,512		1.51	%		653,323			2,802		1.74	%
Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		117,890								113,572
Other liabilities		16,827								16,106
Stockholders’ equity		82,815								76,683
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	886,418							$	859,684
Net interest income and margin (3)				$	8,463		3.97	%				$	8,223		3.99	%
Net interest spread (4)							3.63	%							3.62	%

(1)	Includes nonaccrual loans.

(2)	Annualized.

(3)	Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.

(4)	Net interest spread represents average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

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The table below sets forth the relative impact on net interest income of changes in the volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and changes in rates earned and paid by the Company on such assets and liabilities. For purposes of this table, nonaccrual loans have been included in the average loan balances.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 versus 2019
	Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in ₍₁₎
	Volume			Rate			Total
	(in thousands)
Interest income:
Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits	$	33		$	(74	)	$	(41	)
Investment securities		(46	)		(86	)		(132	)
Loans, net		262			(139	)		123
Total interest income		249			(299	)		(50	)

Interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits		(2	)		(110	)		(112	)
Savings deposits		1			(2	)		(1	)
Time deposits		(12	)		(197	)		(209	)
Short-term borrowings		106			(74	)		32
Total interest expense		93			(383	)		(290	)
Net increase	$	156		$	84		$	240

(1)

Changes due to both volume and rate have been allocated to volume changes.

Comparison of interest income, interest expense and net interest margin

The Company’s primary source of revenue is interest income. Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $11.0 million. Total interest income in the first quarter of 2020 benefited from loan growth of $11.4 million compared to the first quarter of 2019. Interest income from interest-bearing deposits in other institutions decreased primarily due to decreased rates held with the Federal Reserve Bank during the first quarter of 2020 compared to 2019. The annualized yield on interest-earning assets for the first quarter 2020 compared to 2019 was 5.14% and 5.36%, respectively. In the third quarter of 2019, the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) reduced the federal funds target rate by 50 basis points. In an emergency FOMC meeting on March 15, 2020, the committee voted to cut the target range for the fed funds overnight rate to 0% - 0.25% to further combat the COVID-19 crisis.

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2019 decreased by $0.3 million. This decrease in interest expense for the comparable periods was primarily due to decreased interest-bearing demand balances and decreased cost of funds on repricing of maturing time deposits. The annualized average cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 23 basis points to 1.51% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The cost of deposits decreased by 22 basis points to 1.42% for the first quarter 2020 compared to 1.64% for the first quarter 2019. The cost of other borrowings for the comparable periods decreased by 62 basis points to 2.29% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 due to the decrease in the balance of other borrowings at CWBC.

The net impact of the changes in yields on interest-earning assets and the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities was a decrease in the interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to 3.97% compared to 3.99% in the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Provision for loan losses

The provision for loan losses in each period is reflected as a charge against earnings in that period. The provision for loan losses is equal to the amount required to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level that is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The provision (credit) for loan losses were $0.4 million and $(0.1) million for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 respectively. The increase in the ratio of allowance for loan losses to loans held for investment from 1.19% at December 31, 2019 to 1.23% at March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to increased qualitative factors as precautions to mitigate the effects from COVID-19 and resulting challenges for our customers.

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The following schedule summarizes the provision, charge-offs (recoveries) by loan category for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	Manufactured Housing			Commercial Real Estate		Commercial			SBA			HELOC			Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total
2020	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	2,184		$	5,217	$	1,162		$	32		$	27		$	92	$	3	$	8,717
Charge-offs		—			—		—			—			—			—		—		—
Recoveries		6			20		27			3			2			—		—		58
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		6			20		27			3			2			—		—		58
Provision (credit)		174			247		(25	)		(6	)		(2	)		4		—		392
Ending balance	$	2,364		$	5,484	$	1,164		$	29		$	27		$	96	$	3	$	9,167

2019
Beginning balance	$	2,196		$	5,028	$	1,210		$	79		$	90		$	88	$	—	$	8,691
Charge-offs		—			—		(17	)		—			—			—		—		(17	)
Recoveries		6			—		19			5			1			—		—		31
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		6			—		2			5			1			—		—		14
Provision (credit)		(14	)		30		7			(40	)		(43	)		3		—		(57	)
Ending balance	$	2,188		$	5,058	$	1,219		$	44		$	48		$	91	$	—	$	8,648

The percentage of net nonaccrual loans to the total loan portfolio has increased to 0.34% as of March 31, 2020 from 0.31% at December 31, 2019.

The allowance for loan losses compared to net nonaccrual loans has increased to 347% as of March 31, 2020 from 365% as of December 31, 2019. Total past due loans decreased to $0.4 million as of March 31, 2020 from $1.9 million as of December 31, 2019.

Non-Interest Income

The Company earned non-interest income primarily through fees related to services provided to loan and deposit customers.

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Increase
	2020		2019		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Other loan fees	$	341	$	258	$	83
Gains from loan sales, net		190		—		190
Document processing fees		124		87		37
Service charges		134		139		(5	)
Other		161		120		41
Total non-interest income	$	950	$	604	$	346

Total non-interest income increased slightly to $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $0.6 million for the same period in 2019. Gains from loan sales were primarily attributed to Farmer Mac loans sold in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. Other loan fees and document processing fees for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased due to increased loan fundings during the first three months of 2020 compared to 2019. Service charges decreased slightly during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2019.

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Non-Interest Expenses

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest expenses for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Increase
	2020		2019		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Non-interest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	4,398	$	4,381	$	17
Occupancy, net		758		782		(24	)
Professional services		383		381		2
Data processing		283		224		59
Depreciation		208		213		(5	)
FDIC assessment		144		170		(26	)
Advertising and marketing		153		129		24
Stock based compensation		85		95		(10	)
Other		317		342		(25	)
Total non-interest expenses	$	6,729	$	6,717	$	12

Total non-interest expenses remained the same at $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The slight increase in non-interest expenses for the periods shown was primarily due to increased salaries and employee benefits, data processing, and advertising and marketing as a result of the Bank’s expansions in the Northern and Southern regions, and addition of customer relationship and support positions. The year-over-year decrease in FDIC assessment expense was mainly attributable to a lower FDIC quarterly assessment multiplier caused by a change in the deposit mix. The decrease in other expenses were mainly due to decreased operating losses and OCC assessment expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2019.

Income Taxes

Income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.7 million compared to $0.7 million in the same period during 2019. The combined state and federal effective income tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were 30.3% and 30.3%, respectively.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax basis including operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Net deferred tax assets of $3.0 million at March 31, 2020 are reported in the consolidated balance sheet as a component of total assets.

Accounting standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard.

A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. Management evaluates the Company’s deferred tax assets for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, including the Company’s historical profitability and projections of future taxable income. The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and record a charge to income if management determines, based on available evidence at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.

There was no valuation allowance on deferred tax assets at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

The Company is subject to the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for the financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. On a quarterly basis, the Company undergoes a process to evaluate whether income tax accruals are in accordance with ASC 740 guidance on uncertain tax positions. There were no uncertain tax positions at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

Total assets increased $11.3 million to $925.2 million at March 31, 2020 from $913.9 million at December 31, 2019. Net loans increased by $6.0 million to $772.8 million at March 31, 2020 from $766.8 million at December 31, 2019. The majority of the loan increase was due to increases of $5.6 million and $6.2 million in our commercial real estate and manufactured housing portfolios, respectively. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $1.6 million of commercial loans, $2.6 million in loans available-for-sale, and $1.2 million in investment securities available-for-sale.

Total liabilities increased $10.2 million to $842.0 million at March 31, 2020 from $831.9 million at December 31, 2019 mostly due to decreased total deposits of $39.3 million offset by increased borrowings of $50.0 million. Non-interest-bearing demand deposits increased by $10.5 million and interest-bearing demand deposits decreased by $27.5 million, while certificates of deposit decreased $22.6 million due to the company’s strategic repricing out of higher rate core deposits to lower rate borrowings.

Total stockholders’ equity increased $1.2 million to $83.2 million at March 31, 2020 from $82.0 million at December 31, 2019. The $1.1 million increase in retained earnings from net income was partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease from common stock dividends. The book value per common share was $9.82 at March 31, 2020 compared to $9.68 at December 31, 2019.

Selected Balance Sheet Accounts

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Increase (Decrease)
	(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	89,665	$	82,661	$	7,004			8.5	%
Investment securities available-for-sale		18,059		19,264		(1,205	)		(6.3	)%
Investment securities held-to-maturity		5,739		6,132		(393	)		(6.4	)%
Loans - held for sale		39,458		42,046		(2,588	)		(6.2	)%
Loans - held for investment, net		733,371		724,800		8,571			1.2	%
Total assets		925,208		913,870		11,338			1.2	%
Total deposits		711,599		750,934		(39,335	)		(5.2	)%
Other borrowings		115,000		65,000		50,000			76.9	%
Total stockholder’s equity		83,161		81,978		1,183			1.4	%

The table below summarizes the distribution of the Company’s loans held for investment at the end of each of the periods indicated.

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	263,484		$	257,247
Commercial real estate		391,207			385,642
Commercial		68,271			69,843
SBA		4,019			4,429
HELOC		4,196			4,531
Single family real estate		11,357			11,845
Consumer		71			94
Total loans held for investment, gross		742,605			733,631
Allowance for loan losses		(9,167	)		(8,717	)
Deferred costs, net		(14	)		(58	)
Discount on SBA loans		(53	)		(56	)
Total loans held for investment, net	$	733,371		$	724,800

The Company had $39.5 million of loans held for sale at March 31, 2020 compared to $42.0 million at December 31, 2019. Loans held for sale at March 31, 2020 consisted of $9.4 million SBA loans and $30.1 million commercial agriculture loans. Loans held for sale at December 31, 2019, were $10.4 million SBA loans and $31.6 million commercial agriculture loans.

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Concentrations of Lending Activities

The Company’s lending activities are primarily driven by manufactured housing, commercial, SBA, construction, real estate and consumer lending to customers served in the market areas where the Company has branch offices in the Central Coast of California. The Company monitors concentrations within selected categories such as geography and product. The Company’s business is concentrated in these areas and the loan portfolio includes significant credit exposure to the manufactured housing and commercial real estate markets of these areas. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, manufactured housing loans comprised 33.7% and 0.0%, respectively, of total loans. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, commercial real estate loans accounted for approximately 50.0% and 0.0% of total loans, respectively. Approximately 31.9% of these commercial real estate loans were owner-occupied at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Substantially all of these loans are secured by first liens with average loan to value ratios of 54.8% and 54.3% at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company was within established concentration policy limits at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Asset Quality

For all banks and bank holding companies, asset quality plays a significant role in the overall financial condition of the institution and results of operations. The Company measures asset quality in terms of nonaccrual loans as a percentage of gross loans, and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans. Net charge-offs are calculated as the difference between charged-off loans and recovery payments received on previously charged-off loans.

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion)	$	2,644		$	2,389
Troubled debt restructured loans, gross		10,451			10,774
Nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion) to gross loans		0.34	%		0.31	%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) (annualized) to average loans		(0.03	)%		(0.02	)%
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion)		347	%		365	%
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans		1.23	%		1.19	%

The following table reflects the recorded investment in certain types of loans at the dates indicated:

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Total nonaccrual loans	$	2,916		$	2,679
Government guaranteed portion of loans included above		(272	)		(290	)
Total nonaccrual loans, without guarantees	$	2,644		$	2,389

Troubled debt restructured loans, gross	$	10,451		$	10,774
Loans 30 through 89 days past due with interest accruing	$	440		$	1,947
Loans 90 days or more past due with interest accruing	$	—		$	—
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans held for investment		1.23	%		1.19	%

Impaired loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays or payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis. When determining the possibility of impairment, management considers the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. For collateral-dependent loans, the Company uses the fair value of collateral method to measure impairment. All other loans are measured for impairment based on the present value of future cash flows. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for all loans in the portfolio.

A loan is considered a troubled debt restructured loan (“TDR”) when concessions have been made to the borrower and the borrower is in financial difficulty. These concessions include but are not limited to term extensions, rate reductions and principal reductions. Forgiveness of principal is rarely granted and modifications for all classes of loans are predominantly term extensions. TDR loans are also considered impaired.

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Guidance on Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19

On March 22, 2020, a statement was issued by banking regulators and titled “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus” that encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) that passed on March 27, 2020 further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak declared by the President of the United States under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) terminates. Accordingly, we are offering short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term, 180 days or less, modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extension of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. The modifications completed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were immaterial.

The following schedule summarizes impaired loans and specific reserves by loan class as of the periods indicated:

	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Impaired Loans as of March 31, 2020:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	5,327	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	465	$	—	$	5,792
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		2,467		316		1,694		357		—		1,848		—		6,682
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		7,794		316		1,694		357		—		2,313		—		12,474
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded		324		—		—		—		—		17		—		341
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		324		—		—		—		—		17		—		341
Total impaired loans, net	$	7,470	$	316	$	1,694	$	357	$	—	$	2,296	$	—	$	12,133

	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Impaired Loans as of December 31, 2019:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	5,702	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	470	$	—	$	6,172
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		2,296		318		1,802		382		—		1,858		—		6,656
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		7,998		318		1,802		382		—		2,328		—		12,828
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded		334		—		—		—		—		18		—		352
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		334		—		—		—		—		18		—		352
Total impaired loans, net	$	7,664	$	318	$	1,802	$	382	$	—	$	2,310	$	—	$	12,476

Total impaired loans decreased $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. This decrease was primarily in impaired manufactured housing loans of $0.2 million although all the other loan categories had decreases.

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The following table summarizes the composite of nonaccrual loans:

	At March 31, 2020								At December 31, 2019
	Nonaccrual Balance		%			Percent of Total Loans			Nonaccrual Balance		%			Percent of Total Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	929		31.86	%		0.13	%	$	594		22.17	%		0.08	%
Commercial real estate		84		2.88	%		0.01	%		84		3.14	%		0.01	%
Commercial		1,545		52.98	%		0.21	%		1,619		60.43	%		0.21	%
SBA		358		12.28	%		0.05	%		382		14.26	%		0.05	%
HELOC		—		0.00	%		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		0.00	%
Single family real estate		—		0.00	%		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		0.00	%
Consumer		—		—			—			—		—			—
Total nonaccrual loans	$	2,916		100.00	%		0.40	%	$	2,679		100.00	%		0.35	%

Nonaccrual balances include $0.3 million and $0.3 million, of loans that are government guaranteed at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Nonaccrual loans net of government guarantees decreased $0.3 million or 11%, from $2.4 million at December 31, 2019 to $2.6 million at March 31, 2020. Net nonaccrual loans to total loans slightly increased to 0.34% at March 31, 2020 compared to 0.31% at December 31, 2019.

CWB or the SBA repurchases the guaranteed portion of SBA loans from investors when those loans become past due 120 days. After the foreclosure and collection process is complete, the SBA reimburses CWB for this principal balance. Therefore, although these balances do not earn interest during this period, they generally do not result in a loss of principal to CWB.

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Allowance For Loan Losses

The following table summarizes the allocation of allowance for loan losses by loan type. However, allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Allowance for loan losses:	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	8,717		$	8,691
Provisions charged to operating expenses:
Manufactured housing		174			(14	)
Commercial real estate		247			30
Commercial		(25	)		7
SBA		(6	)		(40	)
HELOC		(2	)		(43	)
Single family real estate		4			3
Consumer		—			—
Total Provision (credit)		392			(57	)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off:
Manufactured housing		6			6
Commercial real estate		20			—
Commercial		27			19
SBA		3			5
HELOC		2			1
Single family real estate		—			—
Consumer		—			—
Total recoveries		58			31
Loans charged-off:
Manufactured housing		—			—
Commercial real estate		—			—
Commercial		—			17
SBA		—			—
HELOC		—			—
Single family real estate		—			—
Consumer		—			—
Total charged-off		—			17
Net charge-offs (recoveries)		(58	)		(14	)
Balance at end of period	$	9,167		$	8,648

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Potential Problem Loans

The Company classifies loans consistent with federal banking regulations. These loan grades are described in further detail in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of this Form 10-Q. The following table presents information regarding potential problem loans consisting of loans graded watch or worse, but still performing:

	March 31, 2020
	Number of Loans		Loan Balance (1)		Percent			Percent of Total Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Manufactured housing		2	$	97		1.00	%		0.01	%
Commercial real estate		6		6,206		64.11	%		0.80	%
Commercial		6		2,600		26.86	%		0.34	%
SBA		4		772		7.98	%		0.10	%
HELOC		—		—		0.00	%		0.00	%
Single family real estate		1		5		0.05	%		0.00	%
Total		19	$	9,680		100.00	%		1.25	%

(1)	Of the $9.7 million of potential problem loans, $2.1 million are guaranteed by government agencies.

	December 31, 2019
	Number of Loans		Loan Balance (1)		Percent			Percent of Total Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Manufactured housing		2	$	163		1.92	%		0.02	%
Commercial real estate		5		5,824		68.60	%		0.75	%
Commercial		2		1,699		20.01	%		0.22	%
SBA		5		799		9.41	%		0.10	%
HELOC		—		—		0.00	%		0.00	%
Single family real estate		1		5		0.06	%		0.00	%
Total		15	$	8,490		100.00	%		1.09	%

(1)	Of the $8.5 million of potential problem loans, $2.1 million are guaranteed by government agencies.

Investment Securities

Investment securities are classified at the time of acquisition as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale based upon various factors, including asset/liability management strategies, liquidity and profitability objectives, and regulatory requirements. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. Available-for-sale securities are securities that may be sold prior to maturity based upon asset/liability management decisions. Investment securities identified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts on mortgage-backed securities is periodically adjusted for estimated prepayments.

The investment securities portfolio of the Company is utilized as collateral for borrowings, required collateral for public deposits and to manage liquidity, capital, and interest rate risk.

The carrying value of investment securities was as follows:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	7,462	$	8,048
U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities (“MBS”)		5,739		6,132
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”)		10,597		11,216
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock		111		167
Total	$	23,909	$	25,563

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Other Assets Acquired Through Foreclosure

The following table represents the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	2,524	$	—
Additions		106		—
Proceeds from dispositions		—		—
Gain (loss) on foreclosed assets, net		77		—
Third-party portion of writedown/loss		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	2,707	$	—

Deposits

The following table provides the balance and percentage change in the Company’s deposits:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Increase (Decrease)
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	121,293	$	110,843	$	10,450			9.4	%
Interest-bearing demand deposits		286,736		314,278		(27,542	)		(8.8	)%
Savings		16,016		15,689		327			2.1	%
Certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more)		93,615		96,431		(2,816	)		(2.9	)%
Other certificates of deposit		193,939		213,693		(19,754	)		(9.2	)%
Total deposits	$	711,599	$	750,934	$	(39,335	)		(5.2	)%

Total deposits decreased to $711.6 million at March 31, 2020 from $750.9 million at December 31, 2019, an decrease of $39.3 million. This decrease was primarily from certificates of deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits, offset by an incline in non-interest-bearing deposits. Deposits are the primary source of funding the Company’s asset growth. In addition, the Bank is a member of Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”). CDARS and ICS provide a mechanism for obtaining FDIC insurance for large deposits. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $69.2 million and $83.2 million, respectively, of CDARS and ICS deposits. As of March 31, 2020 the Company had $12.0 million of insured overnight funding compared to $29.0 million at December 31, 2019.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Management

Liquidity is the ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, fund asset growth and business operations, and meet contractual obligations through unconstrained access to funding at reasonable market rates. Liquidity management involves forecasting funding requirements and maintaining sufficient capacity to meet the needs and accommodate fluctuations in asset and liability levels due to changes in our business operations or unanticipated events.

The ability to have readily available funds sufficient to repay fully maturing liabilities is of primary importance to depositors, creditors and regulators. Our liquidity, represented by cash and amounts due from banks, federal funds sold and non-pledged marketable securities, is a result of our operating, investing and financing activities and related cash flows. To ensure funds are available when necessary, on at least a quarterly basis, we project the amount of funds that will be required, and we strive to maintain relationships with a diversified customer base. Liquidity requirements can also be met through short-term borrowings or the disposition of short-term assets.

The Company has established policies as well as analytical tools to manage liquidity. Proper liquidity management ensures that sufficient funds are available to meet normal operating demands in addition to unexpected customer demand for funds, such as high levels of deposit withdrawals or increased loan demand, in a timely and cost effective manner. The most important factor in the preservation of liquidity is maintaining public confidence that facilitates the retention and growth of core deposits. Ultimately, public confidence is gained through profitable operations, sound credit quality and a strong capital position. The Company’s liquidity management is viewed from a long-term and short-term perspective, as well as from an asset and liability perspective. Management monitors liquidity through regular reviews of maturity profiles, funding sources and loan and deposit forecasts to minimize funding risk.

The Company has asset and liability management committees (“ALCO”) at the Board and Bank management level to review asset and liability management and liquidity issues.

CWB has a blanket lien credit line with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Advances are collateralized in the aggregate by CWB’s eligible loans and securities. CWB had $105.0 million and $65.0 million of FHLB advances at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, borrowed at fixed rates. The Company also had $89.3 million of letters of credit with FHLB at March 31, 2020 to secure public funds. At March 31, 2020, CWB had pledged to the FHLB, $23.8 million of securities and $329.9 million of loans. At March 31, 2020, CWB had $32.9 million available for additional borrowing. At December 31, 2019, CWB had pledged to the FHLB, securities of $25.6 million at carrying value and $324.2 million of loans.

CWB has established a credit line with the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). There were no outstanding FRB advances as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. CWB had $110.7 million and $108.6 million in borrowing capacity as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company has federal funds purchased lines at correspondent banks with a total borrowing capacity of $20.0 million. There was no amount outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The Company continues to face strong competition for core deposits. The liquidity ratio of the Company was 15.9% and 15.8% at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company’s liquidity ratio fluctuates in conjunction with loan funding demands. The liquidity ratio consists of the sum of cash and due from banks, deposits in other financial institutions, available for sale investments, federal funds sold and loans held for sale, divided by total assets.

CWBC’s routine funding requirements primarily consist of certain operating expenses and common stock dividends. Normally, CWBC obtains funding to meet its obligations from dividends collected from the Bank and has the capability to issue debt securities. Federal banking laws regulate the amount of dividends that may be paid by banking subsidiaries without prior approval.

Capital Resources

Maintaining capital strength continues to be a long-term objective for the Company. Ample capital is necessary to sustain growth, provide protection against unanticipated declines in asset values, and to safeguard depositor funds. Capital is also a source of funds for loan demand and enables the Company to effectively manage its assets and liabilities. The Company has the capacity to issue 60,000,000 shares of common stock of which 8,472,463 have been issued at March 31, 2020. Conversely, the Company may decide to repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock, depending on the market price and other relevant factors.

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	Total Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Tier 1 Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)			Community Banking Leverage Ratio
March 31, 2020
CWB’s actual regulatory ratios		11.60	%		10.42	%		10.42	%		9.21	%		9.21	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%		8.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A			9.00	%
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer		10.50	%		8.50	%		7.00	%		N/A			N/A

	Total Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Tier 1 Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)
December 31, 2019
CWB’s actual regulatory ratios		11.41	%		10.28	%		10.28	%		9.06	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer (2019)		10.50	%		8.50	%		7.00	%		N/A

There are no conditions or events since March 31, 2020 that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s risk-based capital category.

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Supervision and Regulation

Banking is a complex, highly regulated industry. The primary goals of the regulatory scheme are to maintain a safe and sound banking system, protect depositors and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (“FDIC”) insurance fund, and facilitate the conduct of sound monetary policy. In furtherance of these goals, Congress and the states have created several largely autonomous regulatory agencies and enacted numerous laws that govern banks, bank holding companies and the financial services industry. Consequently, the growth and earnings performance of the Company can be affected not only by management decisions and general economic conditions, but also by the requirements of applicable state and federal statutes, regulations and the policies of various governmental regulatory authorities, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and FDIC.

The system of supervision and regulation applicable to financial services businesses governs most aspects of the business of CWBC and CWB, including: (i) the scope of permissible business; (ii) investments; (iii) reserves that must be maintained against deposits; (iv) capital levels that must be maintained; (v) the nature and amount of collateral that may be taken to secure loans; (vi) the establishment of new branches; (vii) mergers and consolidations with other financial institutions; and (viii) the payment of dividends.

From time to time laws or regulations are enacted which have the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding the scope of permissible activities, or changing the competitive balance between banks and other financial and non-financial institutions. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations of banks and bank holding companies are frequently made in Congress and by various bank and other regulatory agencies. Future changes in the laws, regulations or policies that impact the Company cannot necessarily be predicted, but they may have a material effect on the Company’s business and earnings.

For a detailed discussion of the regulatory scheme governing the Company and CWB, please see the discussion in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Supervision and Regulation.”

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures about market risk are set forth in Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There has been no material change in these disclosures as previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K. For further discussion of interest rate risk, see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity - Interest Rate Risk.”

Our primary market risk exposure with the onset of the COVID-19 crisis is uncertain. A review of our market risk methods are ongoing and modeling is incorporating additional assumptions to account for this uncertainty related to this crisis. Repricing cash flows, and prepayment projections for loans and mortgage-backed securities are not expected to behave as they would be expected to in a more stable interest rate environment. SBA PPP loans and the FRB’s PPPLF borrowings are new instruments and have payment characteristics that are still uncertain. In late March 2020, we implemented loan payment programs for customers to alleviate the financial setback caused by the temporary closure of business and lost wages. Under these programs, borrowers who were in good standing as of the date of the request, can elect to defer full or partial payments for up to a 180-day period. Our expectations regarding loan payments after the 180-day period is uncertain. Customer deposit flows may experience unusual fluctuations due to government support programs, customer and business stress, and general money supply. We continue to closely monitor customer and economic indicators to develop more precise market risk assumptions as the economic impact of this crisis begins to reveal itself.

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s management, which includes the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiary) required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.

Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving an entity’s disclosure objectives. The likelihood of achieving such objectives is affected by limitations inherent in disclosure controls and procedures. These include the fact that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns in internal control can occur because of human failures such as simple errors or mistakes or intentional circumvention of the established process.

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated whether there was any change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and determined that there was no change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is involved in various other litigation matters of a routine nature that are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. In the opinion of Management, based in part on consultation with legal counsel, the resolution of these litigation matters are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves various risks which are particular to our Company, our industry and our market area. Several risk factors that may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition are discussed in Item 1A of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There has been no material change in the Company’s risk factors as previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread could have a material adverse effect on our business results of operations and financial condition, and such efforts will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in China, and, in March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. On March 12, 2020 the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States a national emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant economic dislocation in the United States as many state and local governments have ordered non-essential businesses to close and residents to shelter in place at home. This has resulted in an unprecedented slow-down in economic activity and a related increase in unemployment. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, more than 22 million people have filed claims for unemployment, and stock markets have declined in value and, in particular bank stocks have significantly declined in value. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Federal Reserve Board has reduced the benchmark federal funds rate to a target range of 0% to 0.25%, and yields on 10 and 30-year treasury notes have declined to historic lows. The federal banking agencies have encouraged financial institutions to prudently work with affected borrowers and recently passed legislature to provide relief from reporting loan classifications due to modifications related to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Finally, the spread of coronavirus has caused us to modify our business practices, including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participations in meetings, events and conferences. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or will otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities. In addition, the success of our operations substantially depends on the management skills of our executive officers and directors, many of whom have held officer and director positions with us for many years. The unanticipated loss or unavailability of key employees due to the outbreak could harm our ability to operate our business or execute our business strategy.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business. The United States government has taken steps to attempt to mitigate some of the more severe anticipated economic effects of the virus, including the passage of the CARES Act, but there can be no assurance that such steps will be effective or achieve their desired results in a timely fashion. The extent of such impact from the COVID-19 outbreak and related mitigation efforts will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. As the result, we could be subject to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations:

•

demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income;

•

if the economy is unable to substantially reopen, and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income;

•

collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;

•

our allowance for loan losses may have to be increased if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods, which will adversely affect our net income;

•

the net worth and liquidity of our loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us;

•

as the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve Board’s target federal funds rate, the yield on our assets may decline to greater extent than the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin and spread and reducing our income;

•

a material decrease in net income or a net loss over several quarters could result in a decrease in the rate of our quarterly cash dividend;

•

we rely on third party vendors for certain services and the unavailability of a critical service due to the COVID-19 outbreak could have an adverse effect on us; and

•

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation premiums may increase if the agency experiences additional resolution costs.

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Any one or a combination of the factors identified above cold negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of the virus’s global economic impact, including the availability of credit, adverse impacts on our liquidity and any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.

ITEM 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The Company made no repurchases of its common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and there was approximately $1.4 million that may yet be purchased under the Company’s repurchase program.

ITEM 3.

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.

OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6.

EXHIBITS

The following Exhibits are filed herewith.

Exhibit Number

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended, and 18 U.S.C. 1350.

10.50	Salary Continuation Agreement, dated May 1, 2020, between Community West Bank and Timothy Stronks.

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

This certification is furnished to, but shall not be deemed filed, with the Commission. This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

(Registrant)

Date: May 8, 2020	BY: /s/ Susan C. Thompson
	Susan C. Thompson
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

	On Behalf of Registrant and as a Duly Authorized Officer
	and as Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. 1350.

10.50	Salary Continuation Agreement, dated May 1, 2020, between Community West Bank and Timothy Stronks.

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

	/s/ Martin E. Plourd
	Martin E. Plourd
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	Community West Bancshares

May 8, 2020

	/s/ Susan C. Thompson
	Susan C. Thompson
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	Community West Bancshares

May 8, 2020