UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

or

☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 0-3722

ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia
  
58-1027114
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
  
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4370 Peachtree Road, N.E.,
Atlanta, Georgia
  
30319
(Address of principal executive offices)
  
(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (404) 266-5500
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share
AAME
NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒
Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $17,207,139. For purposes hereof, beneficial ownership is determined under rules adopted pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the foregoing excludes value ascribed to common stock that may be deemed beneficially owned by the directors and executive officers, and 10% or greater stockholders, of the registrant, some of whom may not be deemed to be affiliates upon judicial determination. On March 16, 2022 there were 20,378,576 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end, have been incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

   
Page
 
1
     
PART I
    
Item 1.
1
 
1
 
3
 
3
 
4
 
4
 
6
 
6
 
7
 
7
 
8
 
8
 
8
 
9
  10
 
10
 
10
 
10
     
Item 1A.
11
Item 1B.
11
Item 2.
11
Item 3.
11
Item 4.
11
     
PART II
    
Item 5.
12
Item 6.
12
Item 7.
13
Item 7A.
20
Item 8.
21
Item 9.
51
Item 9A.
51
Item 9B.
51
Item 9C.
51
     
PART III
    
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
52
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
52
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
52
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
52
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
52
     
PART IV
    
Item 15.
53
Item 16.
54

55
56
59
61
62

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain of the statements contained or incorporated by reference herein are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than those of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Section 21E of the Securities Act of 1933, and include estimates and assumptions related to, among other things, general economic, competitive, operational and legislative developments, expectations and trends. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties which are, in many instances, beyond the Company’s control and have been made based upon management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect upon the Company. There can be no assurance that future developments will be in accordance with management’s expectations or that the effect of future developments on the Company will be those anticipated by management. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed by forward-looking statements, depending on the occurrence or outcome of various factors. These factors include, among others: significant changes in general economic conditions; unexpected developments in the health care or insurance industries affecting providers or individuals, including the cost or availability of services, or the tax consequences related thereto; disruption to the financial markets; unanticipated increases in the rate, number and amounts of claims outstanding; the level of performance of reinsurance companies under reinsurance contracts and the availability, pricing and adequacy of reinsurance to protect the Company against losses; changes in the stock markets, interest rates or other financial markets, including the potential effect on the Company’s statutory capital levels; the uncertain effect on the Company of regulatory and market-driven changes in practices relating to the payment of incentive compensation to brokers, agents and other producers; the impact of COVID-19 or other public health emergencies; the incidence and severity of catastrophes, both natural and man-made; the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks; stronger than anticipated competitive activity; unfavorable judicial or legislative developments; the potential effect of regulatory developments, including those which could increase the Company’s business costs and required capital levels; the Company’s ability to distribute its products through distribution channels, both current and future; the uncertain effect of emerging claim and coverage issues; the effect of assessments and other surcharges for guaranty funds and other mandatory pooling arrangements; and risks related to cybersecurity matters, such as breaches of our computer network or the loss of unauthorized access to the data we maintain. As a result, undue reliance should not be placed upon forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements as a result of subsequent developments, changes in underlying assumptions or facts or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

PART I
Item 1.
Business

The Company

Atlantic American Corporation, a Georgia corporation incorporated in 1968 (the “Parent” or “Company”), is a holding company that operates through its subsidiaries in well-defined specialty markets within the life and health and property and casualty insurance industries. The Parent’s principal operating subsidiaries are American Southern Insurance Company and American Safety Insurance Company (together known as “American Southern”) within the property and casualty insurance industry and Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company and Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company (together known as “Bankers Fidelity”) within the life and health insurance industry. Each of American Southern and Bankers Fidelity is managed separately based upon the type of products it offers, and is evaluated on its individual performance. The Company’s strategy is to focus on well-defined geographic, demographic and/or product niches within the insurance marketplace. Each of American Southern and Bankers Fidelity operates with relative autonomy, which structure is designed to allow for quick reaction to market opportunities.

The Parent has no significant business operations of its own and relies on fees, dividends and other distributions from its operating subsidiaries as the principal source of cash flow to meet its obligations. Additional information regarding the cash flow and liquidity needs of the Parent can be found in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern comprises the Company’s property and casualty operations and its primary product lines are as follows:

Business Automobile Insurance policies provide bodily injury and/or property damage liability coverage, uninsured motorist coverage and physical damage coverage for commercial accounts.

General Liability Insurance policies cover bodily injury and/or property damage liability for both premises and completed operations exposures for general classes of business.

1
Surety Bonds are contracts under which one party, the insurance company issuing the surety bond, guarantees to a third party that the primary party will fulfill an obligation in accordance with a contractual agreement. This obligation may involve meeting a contractual commitment, paying a debt or performing certain duties.

American Southern provides tailored business automobile insurance coverage, on a multi-year contract basis, to state governments, local municipalities and other large motor pools and fleets (“block accounts”) that can be specifically rated and underwritten. The size of the block accounts insured by American Southern are generally such that individual class experience can be determined, which allows for customized policy terms and rates. American Southern is licensed to do business in 32 states and the District of Columbia. While the majority of American Southern’s premiums are derived from its automobile lines of business, American Southern also offers inland marine and general liability coverages. Additionally, American Southern directly provides surety bond coverage for subdivision construction, school bus contracts, as well as performance and payment bonds.

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, the allocation of American Southern’s net earned premiums from each of its principal product lines:

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands)
  
Automobile liability
  
$
30,453
    
$
30,312
  
Automobile physical damage
    
22,917
      
18,730
  
General liability
    
5,637
      
3,891
  
Surety
    
5,620
      
5,857
  
Other lines
    
3,355
      
3,582
  
Total
  
$
67,982
    
$
62,372
  

Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity comprises the life and health operations of the Company and offers a variety of life and supplemental health products. Products offered by Bankers Fidelity include ordinary life insurance, Medicare supplement and other accident and health insurance products.

Life Insurance products include non-participating, individual and group whole life insurance policies with a variety of riders and options. Policy premiums are dependent upon a number of factors, including issue age, level of coverage and selected riders or options.

Medicare Supplement Insurance includes 8 of the 10 standardized Medicare supplement policies created under the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (“MIPPA”), which are designed to provide insurance coverage for certain expenses not covered by the Medicare program, including copayments and deductibles.

Other Accident and Health Insurance coverages include several individual and group policies providing for the payment of standard benefits in connection with the treatment of diagnosed cancer and other critical illnesses, as well as a number of other policies providing short-term nursing facility care, accident expense, hospital indemnity and disability coverages.

Health insurance products, primarily Medicare supplement insurance, accounted for 91% of Bankers Fidelity’s net earned premiums in 2021 while life insurance, including both whole and term life insurance policies, accounted for the balance. In terms of the number of policies written in 2021, 67% were health insurance policies and 33% were life insurance policies.

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, the allocation of Bankers Fidelity’s net earned premiums from each of its principal product lines:

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands)
  
Life insurance
  
$
10,557
    
$
9,270
  
Medicare supplement
    
95,314
      
102,680
  
Other accident and health
    
10,363
      
9,217
  
Total health insurance
    
105,677
      
111,897
  
Total
  
$
116,234
    
$
121,167
  

2
Marketing

Property and Casualty Operations

A portion of American Southern’s business is marketed through a small number of specialized, experienced independent agents. American Southern’s agent selection process is actively managed by internal marketing personnel with oversight from management. Senior management carefully reviews all new programs prior to acceptance. Most of American Southern’s agents are paid an up-front commission with the potential for additional commissions by participating in a profit sharing arrangement that is directly linked to the profitability of the underlying business. American Southern also solicits business from governmental entities. As an experienced writer of insurance policies for certain governmental programs, the company actively pursues this market on a direct basis. Much of this business is priced by means of competitive bid situations. As a result, there can be no assurance with respect to the ultimate profitability or ability of the Company to obtain or retain such business at the time of a specific contract renewal.

Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity acquires its clientele through three distribution channels spread across 46 different states and two business divisions, all of which utilize commissioned, independent agents. The three distribution channels include traditional independent agents, brokers typically interested in a specific product of Bankers Fidelity and brokers who focus on sales within the group/employer benefits division, Atlantic American Employee Benefits, all of which are responsible for their own marketing and sales activities. Contracting as independent agents enables Bankers Fidelity to effectively expand or contract its sales force without incurring significant expense.

Bankers Fidelity had approximately 4,380 licensed agents contracted in both the individual and group divisions as of December 31, 2021. During 2021, approximately 660 of these licensed agents wrote policies on behalf of Bankers Fidelity.

Bankers Fidelity’s marketing and distribution strategy revolves around five pillars: Diversification, Differentiation, Quality, Retention and Profitability.

Diversification. Through unique product offerings such as the Vantage Recovery®, short-term care product and a group whole life product featuring a chronic illness rider, the Company is able to offer its distributors an array of products to sell that stand out from the competition. As the Company continues to expand its geographical footprint with agents and products, one of its main objectives is to have a healthy mix of all of its product lines nationwide.

Differentiation. Bankers Fidelity prides itself on the quality of customer service it offers to policyholders and agents. A dedicated agent support team is available to the field to support them on administration, underwriting, sales training, product questions and a plethora of other services which differentiates the Company from other carriers. Additionally, a customer loyalty team is available solely to serve insureds for any of their insurance needs. Bankers Fidelity prides itself on being agile, which we believe differentiates us from larger carriers and helps the Company to quickly execute senior management’s initiatives.

Quality. Bankers Fidelity is focused on being a niche carrier that delivers superior service, quality products and innovative solutions. Sophisticated technology and reporting allows the home office teams to work with the sales force to deliver a tailored experience and phenomenal customer service.

Retention. Through seasonal campaigns and customer outreach, the Company is focused on client retention and servicing its policyholders through all stages in their lives. By providing its agents with an innovative product portfolio, the Company further promotes client retention by empowering its agents to continually meet the needs of our policyholders.

Profitability. In an effort to be sustainable in the marketplace as a long-term partner, senior management is focused on diversification, differentiation, quality and retention to achieve profitability.

Underwriting

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern specializes in underwriting various risks that are sufficiently large enough to establish separate class experience, relying upon the underwriting expertise of its agents.

During the course of the policy life, extensive use is made of risk management representatives to assist commercial underwriters in identifying and correcting potential loss exposures and to physically inspect new accounts. The underwriting results from each insured are reviewed on an individual basis periodically. If results are below expectations, management takes corrective action, which may include adjusting rates, revising underwriting standards, adjusting commissions paid to agents, and/or altering or declining to renew accounts at expiration.

3
Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity issues a variety of products that span from the group markets to the individual markets for both life and health insurance. Products offered by Bankers Fidelity include life insurance, typically with small face amounts, Medicare supplement and other accident and health insurance. Bankers Fidelity also provides an array of group products such as accident, cancer, critical illness, hospital indemnity and life insurance that is offered to employers who are looking to provide coverage for their employees and have the related premiums deducted through payroll deductions.

The majority of the products are underwritten on a non-medical basis using a simplified issue approach by which an application containing a variety of health related questions is submitted. Applications for insurance are reviewed to determine the face amount, age, medical history and any other necessary information. Bankers Fidelity utilizes information obtained directly from the insured, the medical claims data, prescription utilization reports as well as telephone interviews to determine whether an applicant meets the Company’s underwriting criteria. Bankers Fidelity may also utilize medical records and investigative services to supplement and substantiate information, as necessary.

Policyholder and Claims Services

The Company believes that prompt, efficient policyholder and claims services are essential to its continued success in marketing its insurance products (see “Competition”). Additionally, the Company believes that its insureds are particularly sensitive to claims processing time and to the accessibility of qualified staff to answer inquiries. Accordingly, the Company’s policyholder and claims services seek to offer expeditious disposition of service requests by providing toll-free access for all customers, 24-hour claim reporting services, and direct computer links with some of its largest accounts. The Company also utilizes an automatic call distribution system designed to ensure that inbound calls to customer service support groups are processed efficiently. Operational data generated from this system allows management to further refine ongoing client service programs and service representative training modules.

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern controls its claims costs by utilizing an in-house staff of claims supervisors to investigate, verify, negotiate and settle claims. Upon notification of an occurrence purportedly giving rise to a claim, a claim file is established. The claims department then conducts a preliminary investigation, determines whether an insurable event has occurred and, if so, updates the file for the findings and any required reserve adjustments. Independent adjusters and appraisers are frequently utilized to service claims which require on-site inspections.

Life and Health Operations

The majority of life and health claims are filed electronically while insureds also have the ability to download claims forms and file directly. Insureds may also obtain claim forms by calling the customer service group or through Bankers Fidelity’s website.  All of these claims are entered into the system immediately upon receipt and put into a pending status until the claim can be fully processed.  To shorten claim processing time, a letter detailing all supporting documents that are required to complete a claim for a particular policy is sent to the customer along with the correct claim form. Properly documented claims are generally paid within five business days of receipt. With regard to Medicare supplement policies, the claim is either directly billed to Bankers Fidelity by the provider or sent electronically through a Medicare clearing house.

Reserves

Reserves are set by line of business within each of the subsidiaries. At December 31, 2021, approximately 67% of the losses and claims reserves related to property and casualty and approximately 33% related to life and health. The Company’s property and casualty operations incur losses which may take extended periods of time to evaluate and settle. Issues with respect to legal liability, actual loss quantification, legal discovery and ultimate subrogation, among other factors, may influence the initial and subsequent estimates of loss. In the property and casualty operations, the Company’s general practice is to reserve at the higher end of the determined reasonable range of loss if no other value within the range is determined to be more probable. The Company’s life and health operations generally incur losses which are more readily quantified. Medical claims received are recorded in case reserves based on contractual terms using the submitted billings as a basis for determination. Life claims are recorded based on contract value at the time of notification to the Company; offset by policy reserves related to such contracts previously established. Individual case reserves are established by a claims processor on each individual claim and are periodically reviewed and adjusted as new information becomes known during the course of handling a claim. Regular internal periodic reviews are also performed by management to ensure that loss reserves are established and revised timely relative to the receipt of new or additional information. Lines of business for which loss data (e.g. paid losses and case reserves) emerge over a long period of time are referred to as long-tail lines of business. Lines of business for which loss data emerge more quickly are referred to as short-tail lines of business. The Company’s long-tail line of business generally consists of its general liability coverage while the short-tail lines of business generally consist of property and automobile coverages.

4
The Company’s actuaries regularly review reserves for both current and prior accident years using the most current claims data. These reviews incorporate a variety of actuarial methods (discussed in Critical Accounting Policies) and judgments and involve a disciplined analysis. For most lines of business, certain actuarial methods and specific assumptions are deemed more appropriate based on the current circumstances affecting that line of business. These selections incorporate input from claims personnel and operating management on reported loss cost trends and other factors that could affect the reserve estimates.

The Company establishes reserves for claims based upon: (a) management’s estimate of ultimate liability and claims adjusters’ evaluations of unpaid claims reported prior to the close of the accounting period, (b) estimates of IBNR claims based on past experience, and (c) estimates of LAE. The estimated liability is periodically reviewed and updated, and changes to the estimated liability are recorded in the statement of operations in the period in which such changes become known.

For long-tail lines of business, the emergence of paid losses and case reserves is less credible in the early periods, and accordingly may not be indicative of ultimate losses. For these lines, methods which incorporate a development pattern assumption are given less weight in calculating incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves for the early periods of loss emergence because such a low percentage of ultimate losses are reported in that time frame. Accordingly, for any given accident year, the rate at which losses on long-tail lines of business emerge in the early periods is generally not as reliable an indication of ultimate losses as it would be for shorter-tail lines of business. The estimation of reserves for these lines of business in the early periods of loss emergence is therefore largely influenced by statistical analyses and application of prior accident years’ loss ratios, after considering changes to earned pricing, loss costs, mix of business, ceded reinsurance and other factors that are expected to affect the estimated ultimate losses. For later periods of loss emergence, methods which incorporate a development pattern assumption are given more weight in estimating ultimate losses. For short-tail lines of business, the emergence of paid loss and case reserves is more credible in the early periods and is more likely to be indicative of ultimate losses. The method used to set reserves for these lines of business is based upon utilization of a historical development pattern for reported losses. IBNR reserves for the current year are set as the difference between the estimated fully developed ultimate losses for each year, less the established, related case reserves and cumulative related payments. IBNR reserves for prior accident years are similarly determined, again relying on an indicated, historical development pattern for reported losses.

Based on the results of regular reserve estimate reviews, the Company determines the appropriate reserve adjustment, if any, to record in each period. If necessary, recorded reserve estimates are changed after consideration of numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the magnitude of the difference between the actuarial indication and the recorded reserves, improvement or deterioration of actuarial indication in the period, the maturity of the accident year, trends observed over the recent past and the level of volatility within a particular line of business. In general, changes are made more quickly to recognize changes in estimates to ultimate losses in mature accident years and less volatile lines of business.

The Company’s policy is to record reserves for losses and claims in amounts which approximate actuarial best estimates of ultimate values. Actuarial best estimates do not necessarily represent the midpoint value determined using the various actuarial methods; however, such estimates will fall between the estimated low and high end reserve values. The range of estimates developed in connection with the December 31, 2021 actuarial review indicated that reserves could be as much as 9.8% lower or as much as 3.5% higher. In the opinion of management, recorded reserves represent the best estimate of outstanding losses, although significant judgments are made in the derivation of reserve estimates and revisions to such estimates are expected to be made in future periods. Any such revisions could be material, and may materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in any future period.

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern maintains loss reserves representing estimates of amounts necessary for payment of losses and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”), which are not discounted. IBNR reserves are also maintained for future development. These loss reserves are estimates, based on known facts and circumstances at a given date, of amounts the Company expects to pay on incurred claims. All balances are reviewed periodically by the Company’s independent consulting actuary. Reserves for LAE are intended to cover the ultimate costs of settling claims, including investigation and defense of any lawsuits resulting from such claims. Loss reserves for reported claims are based on a case-by-case evaluation of the type of claim involved, the circumstances surrounding the claim, and the policy provisions relating to the type of loss along with anticipated future development. The LAE for claims reported and claims not reported is based on historical statistical data and anticipated future development. Inflation and other factors which may affect claim payments are implicitly reflected in the reserving process through analysis and consideration of cost trends and reviews of historical reserve results.

Estimating case reserves and ultimate losses involves various considerations which differ according to the line of business. In addition, changes in legislative and regulatory environments may impact loss estimates. General liability claims may have a long pattern of loss emergence. Given the broad nature of potential general liability coverages, investigative time periods may be extended and questions of coverage may exist. Such uncertainties create greater imprecision in estimating required levels of loss reserves. The property and automobile lines of business generally have less variable reserve estimates than other lines. This is largely due to the coverages having relatively shorter periods of loss emergence. Estimates, however, can still vary due to a number of factors, including interpretations of frequency and severity trends. Severity trends can be impacted by changes in internal claim handling and reserving practices in addition to changes in the external environment. These changes in claim practices increase the uncertainty in the interpretation of case reserve data, which increases the uncertainty in recorded reserve levels.

5
Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity establishes liabilities for future policy benefits to meet projected obligations under policies that are in force as of the statement date. These reserves are calculated to satisfy policy and contract obligations as they are projected to come due.  Reserves for insurance policies are calculated using assumptions for interest rates, mortality rates, morbidity rates and lapse rates. These assumptions vary by the product type, the year the policy was issued, and other demographic information about the policyholder.  Variations in assumptions may be made from one issue year to another to reflect actual experience.  Assumptions that deviate significantly from actual future experience, or actual results that differ significantly from our estimates, could have a materially adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition.

See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on insurance reserves and policyholder funds.

Reinsurance

The Company’s insurance subsidiaries from time to time purchase reinsurance from unaffiliated insurers and reinsurers to reduce their potential liability on individual risks and to protect against catastrophic losses. In a reinsurance transaction, an insurance company transfers, or “cedes,” a portion or all of its exposure on insurance policies to a reinsurer. The reinsurer assumes the exposure in return for a portion of the premiums. The ceding of insurance does not legally discharge the insurer from primary liability for the full amount of the policies written by it, and the ceding company will incur a loss if the reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the reinsurance agreement.

Property and Casualty Operations

American Southern’s basic reinsurance treaties generally cover all claims in excess of specified per occurrence limitations. Limits per occurrence within the reinsurance treaties are as follows: Inland marine and commercial automobile physical damage - $250,000 excess of $100,000 retention; and automobile liability and general liability - excess coverage of $2.0 million less retentions that may vary from $100,000 to $500,000 depending on the account. American Southern maintains a property catastrophe treaty with a $5.7 million limit excess of $300,000 retention. American Southern also issues individual surety bonds with face amounts generally up to $1.5 million, and limited to $5.0 million in aggregate per account, that are not reinsured.

Life and Health Operations

Bankers Fidelity has entered into reinsurance contracts ceding the excess of its life retention. Maximum retention by Bankers Fidelity on any one individual in the case of life insurance policies is $100,000. At December 31, 2021, $9.5 million of the $416.5 million of life insurance in force at Bankers Fidelity was reinsured under a mix of coinsurance and yearly renewable term agreements. Certain prior year reinsurance agreements also remain in force although they no longer provide reinsurance for new business.

Bankers Fidelity has also entered into a reinsurance contract ceding excess new Medicare supplement business to General Re Life Corporation. Ceding thresholds are set annually. During 2021, the liability of the reinsurer was 50% of all new Medicare supplement business issued by the Company on amounts up to a maximum retention of $15.0 million of annualized premium. Accordingly, $2.0 million of the Company’s $4.0 million of new annualized Medicare supplement premium was ceded.

Competition

Competition for insurance products is based on many factors including premiums charged, terms and conditions of coverage, customer service, financial ratings assigned by independent rating agencies, claims handling, consumer recognition and reputation, perceived financial strength and the experience of the organization in the line of business being written.

Property and Casualty Operations

The businesses in which American Southern engages are highly competitive. The principal areas of competition are pricing and service. Many competing property and casualty companies have been in business longer than American Southern, offer more diversified lines of insurance and have substantially greater financial resources. Management believes, however, that the policies it sells are competitive with those providing similar benefits offered by other insurers doing business in the states in which American Southern operates. American Southern strives to develop strong relationships with its agents and, consequently, believes it is well positioned for new opportunities and programs with those agents.

6
Life and Health Operations

The life and health insurance business remains highly competitive and includes a large number of insurance companies, many of which are new entrants to the business of providing Medicare supplement and other accident and health insurance products. Bankers Fidelity has established itself as a trusted carrier of choice for its customers providing quality and sustainability for over 65 years.

In order to compete, Bankers Fidelity actively seeks opportunities in niche markets, developing long-term relationships with a select number of independent marketing organizations. Additionally, Bankers Fidelity actively promotes Atlantic American Employee Benefits, the group benefits division, as well as selective association partnerships. It competes with other insurers to attract and retain the allegiance of its independent agents through commission and sales incentive arrangements, accessibility and marketing assistance, lead programs, reputation and market expertise. Bankers Fidelity successfully competes in its chosen markets by establishing relationships with independent agents and providing proprietary marketing initiatives as well as providing outstanding service to policyholders.

Ratings

Ratings are important measures within the insurance industry, and higher ratings are expected to have a favorable impact on the ability of a company to compete in the marketplace. Ratings of insurance companies are not designed for investors and do not constitute recommendations to buy, sell, or hold any security.

Each year A.M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) publishes Best’s Insurance Reports, which includes assessments and ratings of all insurance companies. A.M. Best’s financial strength ratings, which may be revised or revoked at any time, follow a graduated scale of rating categories and notches ranging from A++ (Superior) to F (in liquidation). A.M. Best’s ratings are based on a detailed analysis of the statutory financial condition and operations of an insurance company compared to the industry in general.

American Southern. American Southern Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American Safety Insurance Company, are each, as of the date of this report, rated “A” (Excellent) by A.M. Best.

Bankers Fidelity. Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company, are each, as of the date of this report, rated “A-” (Excellent) by A.M. Best.

Regulation

Like all domestic insurance companies, the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision in the jurisdictions in which they do business. Statutes typically delegate regulatory, supervisory, and administrative powers to state insurance commissioners. The method of such regulation varies, but regulation relates generally to the licensing of insurers and their agents, the nature of and limitations on investments, approval of policy forms, reserve requirements, the standards of solvency to be met and maintained, deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders, and periodic examinations of insurers and trade practices, among other things. The Company’s products generally are subject to rate regulation by state insurance commissioners, which require that certain minimum loss ratios be maintained. Certain states also have insurance holding company laws which require registration and periodic reporting by insurance companies controlled by other corporations licensed to transact business within their respective jurisdictions. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to such legislation and are registered as controlled insurers in those jurisdictions in which such registration is required. Such laws vary from state to state, but typically require periodic disclosure concerning the corporation which controls the registered insurers and all subsidiaries of such corporations, as well as prior notice to, or approval by, the state insurance commissioners of intercorporate transfers of assets (including payments of dividends by the insurance subsidiaries in excess of specified amounts) within the holding company system. The Company believes it is in compliance with all such requirements.

Most states require that rate schedules and other information be filed with the state’s insurance regulatory authority, either directly or through a ratings organization with which the insurer is affiliated. The regulatory authority may disapprove a rate filing if it determines that the rates are inadequate, excessive, or discriminatory. The Company has historically experienced no significant regulatory resistance to its applications for rate adjustments; however, the Company cannot provide any assurance that it will not receive any objections to any applications in the future.

A state may require that acceptable securities be deposited for the protection either of policyholders located in those states or of all policyholders. As of December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all such requirements, and securities with an amortized cost of $11.2 million were on deposit either directly with various state authorities or with third parties pursuant to various custodial agreements on behalf of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries.

Virtually all of the states in which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are licensed to transact business require participation in their respective guaranty funds designed to cover claims against insolvent insurers. Insurers authorized to transact business in these jurisdictions are generally subject to assessments of up to 4% of annual direct premiums written in that jurisdiction to pay such claims, if any. The likelihood and amount of any future assessments cannot be estimated until an insolvency has occurred.

7
NAIC Ratios

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (the “NAIC”) was established to, among other things, provide guidelines to assess the financial strength of insurance companies for state regulatory purposes. The NAIC conducts annual reviews of the financial data of insurance companies primarily through the application of financial ratios prepared on a statutory basis. Annual statements are required to be submitted to state insurance departments to assist them in monitoring insurance companies in their state and to allow such states to determine a desirable range for each such ratio with which companies should comply.

The NAIC developed the Insurance Regulatory Information System (“IRIS”) to help state regulators identify companies that may require regulatory attention. Financial examiners review annual financial statements and the results of key financial ratios based on year-end data with the goal of identifying insurers that appear to require immediate regulatory attention. Each ratio has an established “usual range” of results. A ratio result falling outside the usual range, however, is not necessarily considered adverse; rather, unusual values are used as part of the regulatory early monitoring system. Furthermore, in some years, it may not be unusual for financially sound companies to have several ratios with results outside the usual ranges. Generally, an insurance company may become subject to regulatory scrutiny or, depending on the company’s financial condition, regulatory action if certain of its key IRIS ratios fall outside the usual ranges and the insurer’s financial condition is trending downward.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company had two ratios outside the usual range as a result of net loss from operations primarily driven by the Medicare supplement line of business, as well as a decrease in reserves on individual life policies.  Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company had four ratios outside the usual range primarily as a result of net loss for the year, an increase in nonadmitted deferred tax assets to admitted assets and certain surplus ratios. American Southern Insurance Company and American Safety Insurance Company had no IRIS ratios outside the usual ranges. Management does not anticipate regulatory action as a result of the 2021 IRIS ratio results for the insurance subsidiaries.

Risk-Based Capital

Risk-based capital (“RBC”) is a metric used by ratings agencies and regulators as an early warning tool to identify weakly capitalized companies for the purpose of initiating further regulatory action. The RBC calculation determines the amount of adjusted capital needed by a company to avoid regulatory action. “Authorized Control Level Risk-Based Capital” (“ACL”) is calculated, and if a company’s adjusted capital is 200% or lower than ACL, it is subject to regulatory action. At December 31, 2021, the Company’s insurance subsidiaries’ RBC levels exceeded the required regulatory levels.

Information Technology and Cybersecurity

The Company’s operations rely on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of confidential and personal identifiable information within various technology platforms. Cybersecurity is a high priority and the Company has made significant investments in order to prevent, detect, and respond to cyber threats. The Company continues to enhance its intrusion protection and detection technology, infrastructure and application firewalls, and network monitoring. The Company has also installed advanced endpoint threat protection technology and implemented a mandatory security awareness training program for all employees. This training is reinforced through periodic simulated phishing tests.

The Company uses a sophisticated backup and recovery situation that supports the replication of data across multiple secure data centers. It also includes a comprehensive disaster recovery plan that is continually tested to ensure capabilities to resume business in the event of a disaster. The Company’s technology environment is managed by an experienced team of professionals who follow an extensive set of policies and procedures related to data security. Through recurring internal and external audits, controls are regularly reviewed, tested, and enhanced to ensure best practices. The Company has augmented the information security program through a partnership with a leading global cybersecurity service provider to review and implement additional services such as Security Event Monitoring, Advanced Endpoint Threat Detection, Incident Management Retainer Services, and Strategic Advisory Services focused on Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) duties such as counter-threat intelligence.

The information security program also includes a cybersecurity Incident Response Plan (“IRP”) that was established to help protect the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information, prevent loss of service, and comply with legal requirements. The IRP specifies the process for identifying and reporting an incident, initial investigation, risk classification, documentation and communication of incidents, responder procedures, incident reporting, and ongoing training. Additionally, the IRP specifies the notification to directors, officers, and other corporate insiders to not trade the Company’s securities while in possession of potentially material nonpublic information about the incident.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight of the Company’s information security program. The Company’s senior officers, including its Chief Information Officer, are responsible for the operation of the information security program and regularly communicate with the Audit Committee on the state of the program.

8
The Company also maintains dedicated cyber liability insurance for breach event costs, including: post breach event remediation costs; cyber crime coverage (including financial fraud, telecommunications fraud, and phishing attacks); and coverage for system failure, bricking loss, and physical damage. The policy also provides coverage for lost revenue due to a damaged reputation from a cyber breach.

Investments

Investment income represents a significant portion of the Company’s operating and total income. Insurance company investments are subject to state insurance laws and regulations which limit the concentration and types of investments. The following table provides information on the Company’s investments as of the dates indicated.

   
December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
Amount
    
Percent
    
Amount
    
Percent
  
   
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Fixed maturities:
                        
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities
  
$
50,298
      
17.7
%
  
$
30,762
      
11.0
%
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
    
11,644
      
4.2
      
11,802
      
4.2
  
Public utilities
    
13,952
      
4.9
      
13,651
      
4.9
  
All other corporate bonds
    
184,842
      
65.2
      
197,641
      
70.8
  
Redeemable preferred stock
    
250
      
0.1
      
250
      
0.1
  
Total fixed maturities(1)
    
260,986
      
92.1
      
254,106
      
91.0
  
Equity securities(2)
    
19,124
      
6.7
      
18,716
      
6.7
  
Other invested assets(3)
    
198
      
0.1
      
3,238
      
1.2
  
Policy loans(4)
    
1,858
      
0.7
      
1,975
      
0.7
  
Real estate
    
38
      
0.0
      
38
      
0.0
  
Investments in unconsolidated trusts
    
1,238
      
0.4
      
1,238
      
0.4
  
Total investments
  
$
283,442
      
100.0
%
  
$
279,311
      
100.0
%

(1)
Fixed maturities are carried on the balance sheet at estimated fair value. Certain fixed maturities do not have publicly quoted prices, and are carried at estimated fair value as determined by management. Total amortized cost of fixed maturities was $238.6 million as of December 31, 2021 and $222.5 million as of December 31, 2020.
(2)
Equity securities are carried on the balance sheet at estimated fair value. Total cost of equity securities was $4.9 million as of December 31, 2021 and $6.4 million as of December 31, 2020.
(3)
Other invested assets are accounted for using the equity method. Total cost of other invested assets was $0.7 million as of December 31, 2021 and $3.8 million as of December 31, 2020.
(4)
Policy loans are valued at unpaid principal balances.

Estimated fair values are determined as discussed in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Results of the Company’s investment portfolio for periods shown were as follows:

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Average investments(1)
  
$
260,240
    
$
252,141
  
Net investment income
    
8,528
      
7,744
  
Average yield on investments
    
3.3
%
    
3.1
%
Realized investment gains, net
    
4,903
      
7,420
  

(1)
Calculated as the average of cash and investment balances (at amortized cost) at the beginning of the year and at the end of each of the succeeding four quarters.

The Company engages a global investment management firm serving the insurance industry to manage the Company’s investment portfolios. Management’s recent investment strategy has been a continued focus on quality and diversification, while improving the overall risk versus return profile of the portfolio.

9
Human Capital

The Company and its subsidiaries employed 140 people at December 31, 2021. Of the 140 people, 138 were full-time.  We believe that our ability to attract and retain highly motivated and skilled corporate employees with diverse backgrounds and experiences is critical to our continued success.  We also believe the structure of our compensation program is aligned with the interests of our shareholders and serves to reward the performance of our employees.  We monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of our human capital management efforts by seeking formal and informal feedback from our corporate employees, including periodic surveys to obtain opinions on key topics.

We sponsor health and wellness programs in an effort to support a healthier employee base.  We also offer competitive health and wellbeing benefits to include health, dental, vision, health and flexible savings accounts, disability, life, supplemental and telemedicine.  An Employee Assistance Program (“EAP”) is provided to all full-time employees and their family members at no cost.  The EAP offers confidential telephonic counseling, referral services, legal and financial services and additional tools that offer support and solutions.   Additionally, we offer a 401(k) retirement savings plan with an employer match as well as an annual Safe Harbor Non-Elective contribution.

We strive to provide a work environment that encourages work/life balance.  Options depend on job responsibilities and may include flexible work schedules, paid time off, paid holidays and part-time employment.

We offer tuition reimbursement along with budgeted professional development opportunities in order to foster professional growth and to increase skillsets.

The Company requires all employees to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 where allowable under the law, unless they are approved for a reasonable accommodation based on disability, medical condition or religious belief that prevents them from being vaccinated.

Financial Information by Industry Segment

American Southern and Bankers Fidelity each operate with relative autonomy and each company is evaluated on its individual performance. American Southern operates in the property and casualty insurance market, while Bankers Fidelity operates in the life and health insurance market. Each segment derives revenue from the collection of premiums, as well as from investment income. Substantially all revenue other than that in the corporate and other segment is from external sources. For more information on segments, see Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Available Information

The Company files annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including the Company. In addition, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Company, the Company makes copies available to the public, free of charge, on or through its web site at www.atlam.com. Neither the Company’s website, nor the information appearing on the website, is included, incorporated into, or a part of, this report.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The table and information below set forth, for each current executive officer of the Company, his name, age (as of March 1, 2022), positions with the Company and business experience for the past five years, as well as any prior service to the Company.

Name
  
Age
  
Positions with the Company
  
Director or Officer Since
Hilton H. Howell, Jr.
  
59
  
Chairman of the Board, President & CEO
  
1992
J. Ross Franklin
  
44
  
Vice President, CFO and Corporate Secretary
  
2017

Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.

Mr. Howell has been President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since May 1995, and prior thereto served as Executive Vice President of the Company from October 1992 to May 1995. He has been a Director of the Company since October 1992 and effective February 24, 2009, began serving as Chairman of the board of directors. He is also Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Gray Television, Inc.

10
Mr. Franklin has been Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of the Company since November 2017, and prior thereto served as Interim Chief Financial Officer from August 2017 to November 2017. Since 2000 he has held various roles of increasing responsibility with Atlantic American and its subsidiaries, previously serving as Vice President, Accounting and Treasurer of Bankers Fidelity since 2009.

Item 1A.
Risk Factors

As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K (a “smaller reporting company”), we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations, and therefore are not providing the information required by this Item.

Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2.
Properties

Leased Properties. The Company leases space for its principal offices and for some of its insurance operations in an office building located in Atlanta, Georgia, from Delta Life Insurance Company under a lease which continues until either party provides written notice of cancellation at least twelve months in advance of the actual termination date. The lease, which commenced on November 1, 2007, provides for rent adjustments on every fifth anniversary of the commencement date. Under the current terms of the lease, the Company occupies approximately 49,586 square feet of office space. Delta Life Insurance Company, the owner of the building, is controlled by an affiliate of the Company.

American Southern leases space for its office in a building located in Atlanta, Georgia. The lease term expires September 30, 2026. Under the terms of the lease, American Southern occupies approximately 17,014 square feet.

The Company believes that its current properties are in good condition, and are sufficient for the operations of its business.

Item 3.
Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are, and expect to continue to be, involved in various claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business, both as a liability insurer defending third-party claims brought against insureds and as an insurer defending coverage claims brought against it, and in various regulatory proceedings in the states in which we do business. The Company accounts for such exposures through the establishment of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves and accrued expenses. We currently do not expect that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation or regulatory proceedings, after consideration of provisions made for probable losses and costs of defense, will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition, although the results of such matters could be material to the consolidated results of operations for any given period.

Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

11
PART II

Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market (Symbol: AAME). As of March 16, 2022, there were 4,946 shareholders of record.

On March 22, 2022, the Company’s board of directors declared an annual cash dividend of $0.02 per share of common stock that is payable to shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 13, 2022. Payment of any dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors and will depend upon the financial condition, capital requirements, and earnings of the Company, as well as any restrictions contained in any agreements by which the Company is bound and other factors as the board of directors may deem relevant. The Company’s primary recurring source of cash for the payment of dividends is dividends from its subsidiaries; although as of December 31, 2021, the Parent held unrestricted cash and investment balances of approximately $4.5 million. Under the insurance code of the state in which each insurance subsidiary is domiciled, dividend payments to the Company by its insurance subsidiaries are subject to certain limitations, including prior notice to, or approval by, the state insurance commissioners if such dividends are in excess of specified amounts.  In 2021, dividend payments to the Parent by the insurance subsidiaries in excess of $5.6 million would require prior approval.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On October 31, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a plan that allows for the repurchase of up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Repurchase Plan”) on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, as determined by an authorized officer of the Company. Any such repurchases can be made from time to time in accordance with applicable securities laws and other requirements.

Other than pursuant to the Repurchase Plan, no purchases of common stock of the Company were made by or on behalf of the Company during the periods described below.

The table below sets forth information regarding repurchases by the Company of shares of its common stock on a monthly basis during the three month period ended December 31, 2021.

Period
  
Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased
    
Average
Price Paid
per Share
    
Total
Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
    
Maximum
Number of Shares
that May Yet be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
  
October 1 – October 31, 2021
    
—
    
$
—
      
—
      
325,129
  
November 1 – November 30, 2021
    
—
      
—
      
—
      
325,129
  
December 1 – December 31, 2021
    
—
      
—
      
—
      
325,129
  
Total
    
—
    
$
—
      
—
          

Stock Performance Graph

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations, and therefore are not providing the information required by this Item.

Item 6.
Reserved

12
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Atlantic American Corporation (“Atlantic American” or the “Parent”) and its subsidiaries (collectively with the Parent, the “Company”) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere herein.

Atlantic American is an insurance holding company whose operations are conducted primarily through its insurance subsidiaries: American Southern Insurance Company and American Safety Insurance Company (together known as “American Southern”) in the property and casualty insurance industry, and Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company and Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company (together known as “Bankers Fidelity”) in the life and health insurance industry. Each operating company is managed separately, offers different products and is evaluated on its individual performance.

Critical Accounting Policies

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and, in management’s belief, conform to general practices within the insurance industry. The following is an explanation of the Company’s accounting policies and the resultant estimates considered most significant by management. These accounting policies inherently require significant judgment and assumptions and actual operating results could differ significantly from management’s estimates determined using these policies. Atlantic American does not expect that changes in the estimates determined using these policies will have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or liquidity, although changes could have a material effect on its consolidated results of operations.

Cash and investments comprised 77% of the Company’s total assets at December 31, 2021. Substantially all of the Company’s investments are in bonds and common and preferred stocks, the values of which are subject to significant market fluctuations. The Company carries all fixed maturities, which includes bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, and equity securities, which includes common and non-redeemable preferred stocks, as available for sale and, accordingly, at their estimated fair values. On occasion, the value of a fixed maturity investment may decline to a value below its amortized purchase price and remain at such value for an extended period of time. When a fixed maturity investment’s indicated fair value has declined below its cost basis for a period of time, the Company evaluates such investment for an other than temporary impairment. The evaluation for an other than temporary impairment is a quantitative and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties in the determination of whether declines in the fair value of investments are other than temporary. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, changes in general economic conditions, an issuer’s financial condition or near term recovery prospects and the effects of changes in interest rates. In evaluating a potential impairment, the Company considers, among other factors, management’s intent and ability to hold the securities until price recovery, the nature of the investment and the expectation of prospects for the issuer and its industry, the status of an issuer’s continued satisfaction of its obligations in accordance with their contractual terms, and management’s expectation as to the issuer’s ability and intent to continue to do so, as well as ratings actions that may affect the issuer’s credit status. If an other than temporary impairment is deemed to exist, then the Company will write down the amortized cost basis of the investment to its estimated fair value. While any such write down does not impact the reported value of the investment in the Company’s balance sheet, it is reflected as a realized investment loss in the Company’s net income or other comprehensive income, depending upon the nature of the loss, in the period incurred.

The Company determines the fair values of certain financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820-10-20, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820-10-20”). The fair values of fixed maturities and equity securities are largely determined by nationally quoted market prices, when available, or independent broker quotations. See Note 2 and Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to assets and liabilities carried at fair value and information about the inputs used to value those financial instruments, by hierarchy level, in accordance with ASC 820-10-20.

Future policy benefits comprised 33% of the Company’s total liabilities at December 31, 2021. These liabilities relate primarily to life insurance products and are based upon assumed future investment yields, mortality rates, and lapse rates after giving effect to possible risks of adverse deviation. The assumed mortality and lapse rates are based upon the Company’s experience modified as necessary to reflect anticipated trends and are generally established at contract inception. If actual results differ from the initial assumptions, the amount of the Company’s recorded liability could require adjustment.

13
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses comprised 33% of the Company’s total liabilities at December 31, 2021. This liability includes estimates for: 1) unpaid losses on claims reported prior to December 31, 2021, 2) future development on those reported claims, 3) unpaid ultimate losses on claims incurred prior to December 31, 2021 but not yet reported and 4) unpaid loss adjustment expenses for reported and unreported claims incurred prior to December 31, 2021. Quantification of loss estimates for each of these components involves a significant degree of judgment and estimates may vary, materially, from period to period. Estimated unpaid losses on reported claims are developed based on historical experience with similar claims by the Company. Development on reported claims, estimates of unpaid ultimate losses on claims incurred prior to December 31, 2021 but not yet reported, and estimates of unpaid loss adjustment expenses are developed based on the Company’s historical experience, using actuarial methods to assist in the analysis. The Company’s actuaries develop ranges of estimated development on reported and unreported claims as well as loss adjustment expenses using various methods, including the paid-loss development method, the reported-loss development method, the paid Bornhuetter-Ferguson method and the reported Bornhuetter-Ferguson method. Any single method used to estimate ultimate losses has inherent advantages and disadvantages due to the trends and changes affecting the business environment and the Company’s administrative policies. Further, external factors, such as legislative changes, medical cost inflation, and others may directly or indirectly impact the relative adequacy of liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses. The Company’s approach is to select an estimate of ultimate losses based on comparing results of a variety of reserving methods, as opposed to total reliance on any single method. Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses are reviewed periodically for significant lines of business, and when current results differ from the original assumptions used to develop such estimates, the amount of the Company’s recorded liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses is adjusted. In the event the Company’s actual reported losses in any period are materially in excess of the previously estimated amounts, such losses, to the extent reinsurance coverage does not exist, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

Receivables are amounts due from reinsurers, insureds and agents, and any sales of investment securities not yet settled, and comprised 11% of the Company’s total assets at December 31, 2021. Insured and agent balances are evaluated periodically for collectibility. Annually, the Company performs an analysis of the creditworthiness of the reinsurers with whom the Company contracts using various data sources. Failure of reinsurers to meet their obligations due to insolvencies, disputes or otherwise could result in uncollectible amounts and losses to the Company. Allowances for uncollectible amounts are established, as and when a loss has been determined probable, against the related receivable. Losses are recognized by the Company when determined on a specific account basis and a general provision for loss is made based on the Company’s historical experience.

Deferred acquisition costs comprised 10% of the Company’s total assets at December 31, 2021. Deferred acquisition costs are commissions, premium taxes, and other incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that results directly from and are essential to the contract transaction(s) and would not have been incurred by the Company had the contract transaction(s) not occurred. The deferred amounts are recorded as an asset on the balance sheet and amortized to expense in a systematic manner. Traditional life insurance and long-duration health insurance deferred policy acquisition costs are amortized over the estimated premium-paying period of the related policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing the related liability for policy benefit reserves. Deferred acquisition costs for property and casualty insurance and short-duration health insurance are amortized over the effective period of the related insurance policies. Deferred policy acquisition costs are expensed when such costs are deemed not to be recoverable from future premiums (for traditional life and long-duration health insurance) and from the related unearned premiums and investment income (for property and casualty and short-duration health insurance). Assessments of recoverability for property and casualty and short-duration health insurance are extremely sensitive to the estimates of a subsequent year’s projected losses related to the unearned premiums. Projected loss estimates for a current block of business for which unearned premiums remain to be earned may vary significantly from the indicated losses incurred in any previous calendar year.

Deferred income taxes reflect the effect of temporary differences between assets and liabilities that are recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts that are recognized for tax purposes. These deferred income taxes are measured by applying currently enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are recognized to reduce the deferred tax asset to the amount that is deemed more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the likelihood of realization, management considers estimates of future taxable income and tax planning strategies.

Share-based transactions include employee and director share-based compensation awards. The Company determines a grant date fair value based on the price of our publicly-traded common stock and recognize the related compensation expense, adjusted for actual forfeitures, in the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. For non-employee share-based compensation awards, the Company recognizes the impact during the period of performance, and the fair value of the award is measured as of the date performance is complete, which is the vesting date.

Refer to Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies.

14
Overall Corporate Results

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands)
  
Revenue
            
Property and Casualty:
            
American Southern
  
$
73,868
    
$
69,179
  
Life and Health:
                
Bankers Fidelity
    
125,702
      
127,144
  
Corporate and Other
    
(16
)
    
(975
)
Total revenue
  
$
199,554
    
$
195,348
  
Income before income taxes
                
Property and Casualty:
                
American Southern
  
$
9,292
    
$
10,436
  
Life and Health:
                
Bankers Fidelity
    
3,726
      
12,430
  
Corporate and Other
    
(7,716
)
    
(7,363
)
Income before income taxes
  
$
5,302
    
$
15,503
  
Net income
  
$
4,281
    
$
12,169
  

Management also considers and evaluates performance by analyzing the non-GAAP measure operating income or loss, and believes it is a useful metric for investors, potential investors, securities analysts and others because it isolates the “core” operating results of the Company before considering certain items that are either beyond the control of management (such as income tax expense, which is subject to timing, regulatory and rate changes depending on the timing of the associated revenues and expenses) or are not expected to regularly impact the Company’s operational results (such as any realized or unrealized investment gains or losses, which are not a part of the Company’s primary operations and are, to a limited extent, subject to discretion in terms of timing of realization).

A reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to operating income (loss) is as follows:

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands)
  
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure
            
             
Net income
  
$
4,281
    
$
12,169
  
Income tax expense
    
1,021
      
3,334
  
Realized investment gains, net
    
(4,903
)
    
(7,420
)
Unrealized (gains) losses on equity securities, net
    
(1,894
)
    
3,431
  
Non-GAAP operating income (loss)
  
$
(1,495
)
  
$
11,514
  

On a consolidated basis, the Company had net income of $4.3 million, or $0.19 per diluted share, in 2021, compared to net income of $12.2 million, or $0.56 per diluted share, in 2020. Operating loss was $1.5 million in 2021 as compared to operating income of $11.5 million in 2020. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to less favorable loss experience in the life and health operations, resulting from a significant increase in the number of claims incurred in the Medicare supplement line of business.  This increase in the number of incurred claims was primarily attributable to the increase in utilization of Medicare supplement insurance benefits, returning to historical averages relative to the exceptionally low utilization experienced after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when many policyholders were sheltered in place.

Total revenue was $199.6 million in 2021 as compared to $195.3 million in 2020. Premium revenue increased to $184.2 million in 2021 from $183.5 million in 2020. The increase in premium revenue was primarily due to an increase in the automobile physical damage line of business within the property and casualty operations.  Partially offsetting the increase in premium revenue was a decrease in the Medicare supplement line of business in the life and health operations.

A more detailed analysis of the operating companies and other corporate activities follows.

15
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
American Southern

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, American Southern’s premiums, losses, expenses and underwriting ratios:

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Gross written premiums
  
$
75,914
    
$
70,256
  
Ceded premiums
    
(6,511
)
    
(5,890
)
Net written premiums
  
$
69,403
    
$
64,366
  
Net earned premiums
  
$
67,982
    
$
62,372
  
Insurance benefits and losses incurred
    
44,433
      
39,339
  
Commissions and underwriting expenses
    
20,143
      
19,404
  
Underwriting income
  
$
3,406
    
$
3,629
  
Loss ratio
    
65.4
%
    
63.1
%
Expense ratio
    
29.6
      
31.1
  
Combined ratio
    
95.0
%
    
94.2
%

Gross written premiums at American Southern increased $5.7 million, or 8.1%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. The increase in gross written premiums was primarily attributable to an increase in premiums written in the automobile physical damage line of business from existing agencies, as well as an increase in gross written premiums in the general liability line of business as a result of a new program that started in the second half of 2020.

Ceded premiums increased $0.6 million, or 10.5%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. American Southern’s ceded premiums are typically determined as a percentage of earned premiums and generally increase or decrease as earned premiums increase or decrease.  Contributing to the increase in ceded premiums was an increase in earned premiums in certain accounts within the automobile physical damage and general liability lines of business, which are subject to reinsurance. Also contributing to the ceded premium increase was a rate increase on catastrophe reinsurance.

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, American Southern’s net earned premiums by line of business:

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands)
  
Automobile liability
  
$
30,453
    
$
30,312
  
Automobile physical damage
    
22,917
      
18,730
  
General liability
    
5,637
      
3,891
  
Surety
    
5,620
      
5,857
  
Other lines
    
3,355
      
3,582
  
Total
  
$
67,982
    
$
62,372
  

Net earned premiums increased $5.6 million, or 9.0%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. The increase in net earned premiums was primarily attributable to an increase in automobile physical damage coverage resulting from existing agencies and an increase in general liability as a result of a new program as previously mentioned. Partially offsetting the increase in net earned premiums was a decrease in the surety line of business primarily attributable to marketplace competition, as well as a decrease in the other lines of business resulting from the termination of a program.  Premiums are earned ratably over their respective policy terms and therefore premiums earned in the current year are related to policies written during both the current year and immediately preceding year.

The performance of an insurance company is often measured by its combined ratio. The combined ratio represents the percentage of losses, loss adjustment expenses and other expenses that are incurred for each dollar of premium earned by the company. A combined ratio of under 100% represents an underwriting profit while a combined ratio of over 100% indicates an underwriting loss. The combined ratio is divided into two components, the loss ratio (the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred to premiums earned) and the expense ratio (the ratio of expenses incurred to premiums earned).

Insurance benefits and losses incurred at American Southern increased $5.1 million, or 12.9%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. As a percentage of premiums, insurance benefits and losses incurred were 65.4% in 2021 as compared to 63.1% in 2020. The increase in the loss ratio was primarily due to less favorable loss experience in the automobile physical damage line of business due to an increase in frequency of claims resulting from both inclement weather throughout the year and an increase in the number of insureds in 2021. Also contributing to the increase in the loss ratio was an increase in the number of claims within the surety line of business.

16
Commissions and underwriting expenses increased $0.7 million, or 3.8%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. As a percentage of premiums, these expenses were 29.6% in 2021 as compared to 31.1% in 2020. The decrease in the expense ratio was primarily due to the increase in earned premiums. Partially offsetting the decrease in expense ratio was American Southern’s use of a variable commission structure with certain agents, which compensates the participating agents in relation to the loss ratios of the business they write. During periods in which the loss ratio decreases, commissions and underwriting expenses will generally increase, and conversely, during periods in which the loss ratio increases, commissions and underwriting expenses will generally decrease.  In 2021, variable commissions at American Southern increased $0.6 million as compared to 2020 due to improved loss ratios from certain accounts subject to variable commissions.

In establishing reserves, American Southern initially reserves for losses at the higher end of the reasonable range if no other value within the range is determined to be more probable. Selection of such an initial loss estimate is an attempt by management to give recognition that initial claims information received generally is not conclusive with respect to legal liability, is generally not comprehensive with respect to magnitude of loss and generally, based on historical experience, will develop more adversely as time passes and more information becomes available. However, as a result, American Southern generally experiences reserve redundancies when analyzing the development of prior year losses in the current period. At December 31, 2021, the range of estimates developed in connection with the loss reserves for American Southern indicated that reserves could be as much as 12.2% lower or as much as 3.1% higher. Development from prior years’ reserves has historically reduced the current year loss ratio; however, such reduction in the current year loss ratio is generally offset by the reserves established in the current year for current period losses. Management believes that such differences will continue in future periods, but is unable to determine if or when incremental redundancies will increase or decrease until the underlying losses are ultimately settled.

Contingent commissions, if contractually applicable, are ultimately payable to participating agents based on the underlying profitability of a particular insurance contract or a group of insurance contracts, and are periodically evaluated and accrued as earned. In each of 2021 and 2020, approximately 47% of American Southern’s earned premium provides for contractual commission arrangements which compensate the company’s agents in relation to the loss ratios of the business they write. By structuring its business in this manner, American Southern provides its agents with an economic incentive to place profitable business with American Southern. In periods in which loss reserves reflect favorable development from prior years’ reserves, there is generally a highly correlated increase in commission expense also related to the prior year business. Accordingly, favorable loss development from prior years, while anticipated to continue in future periods, is not an indicator of significant additional profitability in the current year.

Bankers Fidelity

The following summarizes, for the periods indicated, Bankers Fidelity’s premiums, losses and expenses:

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Medicare supplement
  
$
162,400
    
$
174,525
  
Other health products
    
10,364
      
9,218
  
Life insurance
    
10,624
      
9,348
  
Gross earned premiums
    
183,388
      
193,091
  
Ceded premiums
    
(67,154
)
    
(71,924
)
Net earned premiums
    
116,234
      
121,167
  
Insurance benefits and losses incurred
    
87,261
      
80,537
  
Commissions and underwriting expenses
    
34,715
      
34,177
  
Total expenses
    
121,976
      
114,714
  
Underwriting income (loss)
  
$
(5,742
)
  
$
6,453
  
Loss ratio
    
75.1
%
    
66.5
%
Expense ratio
    
29.9
      
28.2
  
Combined ratio
    
105.0
%
    
94.7
%

Net earned premium revenue at Bankers Fidelity decreased $4.9 million, or 4.1%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. Gross earned premiums from the Medicare supplement line of business decreased $12.1 million, or 6.9%, in 2021 as compared to 2020, due primarily to non-renewals exceeding the level of new business writings. Other health product premiums increased $1.1 million, or 12.4%, during 2021 as compared to 2020, primarily as a result of new sales of the company’s group health and individual cancer  products. Gross earned premiums from the life insurance line of business increased $1.3 million, or 13.6%, in 2021 from 2020 due to an increase in the group life product premiums. Partially offsetting this increase was a decline in individual life products premium, resulting from the redemption and settlement of existing individual life policy obligations exceeding the level of new individual life sales. Premiums ceded decreased $4.8 million, or 6.6%, in 2021 from 2020. The decrease in ceded premiums was due to a decrease in Medicare supplement premiums subject to reinsurance.

17
Insurance benefits and losses incurred increased $6.7 million, or 8.3%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. As a percentage of premiums, benefits and losses were 75.1% in 2021 as compared to 66.5% in 2020. The increase in the loss ratio was primarily due to an increase in the number of claims incurred in the Medicare supplement line of business. During 2021, utilization of Medicare supplement insurance benefits increased, returning to historical averages relative to the exceptionally low utilization experienced after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when many policyholders were sheltered in place. Also contributing to the increase in the loss ratio was an increase in both the group and individual life lines of business.

Commissions and underwriting expenses increased $0.5 million, or 1.6%, during 2021 as compared to 2020. As a percentage of earned premiums, these expenses were 29.9% in 2021 as compared to 28.2% in 2020. The increase in the expense ratio was primarily due to the amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) exceeding the level of additions to DAC. The increase in the net amortization of DAC during 2021 is primarily due to non-renewals exceeding the level of new business writings in the Medicare supplement line of business, as previously mentioned. Also contributing to the increase in the expense ratio was an increase in expenses related to servicing the Medicare supplement line of business.

Net Investment Income and Realized Gains

Investment income increased $0.8 million, or 10.1%, in 2021 as compared to 2020. The increase in investment income was primarily attributable to an increase in the equity in earnings from investments in the Company’s limited partnerships and limited liability companies of $0.7 million.

The Company had net realized investment gains of $4.9 million in 2021 as compared to net realized investment gains of $7.4 million in 2020. The net realized investment gains in 2021 were primarily attributable to gains of $4.3 million from the sale of the Company’s interest in a certain limited liability company as well as gains from the sale of a number of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities. The net realized investment gains in 2020 were primarily attributable to gains of $6.9 million from the sale of the Company’s interest in a certain limited liability company as well as gains from the sale of a number of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities. Management continually evaluates the Company’s investment portfolio and, as may be determined to be appropriate, makes adjustments for impairments and/or will divest investments. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Equity Securities, Net

Investments in equity securities are measured at fair value at the end of the reporting period, with any changes in fair value reported in net income during the period. The Company recognized net unrealized gains on equity securities of $1.9 million and unrealized losses on equity securities of $3.4 million during the years ended December 2021 and 2020, respectively. Changes in unrealized gains on equity securities for the applicable periods are primarily the result of fluctuations in the market value of certain of the Company’s equity securities.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased $0.2 million, or 13.9%, in 2021 as compared to 2020. Changes in interest expense were primarily due to changes in the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), as the interest rates on the Company’s outstanding junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“Junior Subordinated Debentures”) are directly related to LIBOR.  The Company is preparing for the expected discontinuation of LIBOR by identifying, assessing and monitoring risks associated with LIBOR transition. Preparation includes taking steps to update operational processes to support alternative reference rates and models, as well as evaluating legacy contracts for any changes that may be required, including the determination of applicable fallbacks.

Income Taxes

The primary differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate for 2021 resulted from the adjustment for prior years’ estimates to actual that are generally updated at the completion of the third quarter of each fiscal year and were $0.09 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. Also contributing to differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate were permanent differences related to meals and entertainment and vested stock and club dues.  Another contributing factor was the dividends-received deduction (“DRD”). The current estimated DRD is adjusted as underlying factors change and can vary from estimates based on, but not limited to, actual distributions from investments as well as the amount of the Company’s taxable income.

The primary differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate for 2020 resulted from permanent differences related to meals and entertainment and vested stock and club dues.  Also contributing to differences between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate were adjustment for prior years’ estimates to actual that are generally updated at the completion of the third quarter of each fiscal year and were $0.02 million in the year ended December 31, 2020.

18
Liquidity and Capital Resources

The primary cash needs of the Company are for the payment of claims and operating expenses, maintaining adequate statutory capital and surplus levels, and meeting debt service requirements. Current and expected patterns of claim frequency and severity may change from period to period, but generally are expected to continue within historical ranges. The Company’s primary sources of cash are written premiums, investment income and proceeds from the sale and maturity of its invested assets. The Company believes that, within each operating company, total invested assets will be sufficient to satisfy all policy liabilities and that cash inflows from investment earnings, future premium receipts and reinsurance collections will be adequate to fund the payment of claims and operating expenses as needed.

Cash flows at the Parent are derived from dividends, management fees, and tax-sharing payments, as described below, from the subsidiaries. The principal cash needs of the Parent are for the payment of operating expenses, the acquisition of capital assets and debt service requirements, as well as the repurchase of shares and payments of any dividends as may be authorized and approved by the Company’s board of directors from time to time. At December 31, 2021, the Parent had approximately $4.5 million of unrestricted cash and investments.

Dividend payments to a parent corporation by its wholly owned insurance subsidiaries are subject to annual limitations and are restricted to 10% of statutory surplus or statutory earnings before recognizing realized investment gains of the individual insurance subsidiaries. At December 31, 2021, the Parent’s insurance subsidiaries had an aggregate statutory surplus of $91.3 million. Dividends were paid to Atlantic American by its subsidiaries totaling $8.4 million and $3.9 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Parent provides certain administrative, purchasing and other services to each of its subsidiaries. The amount charged to and paid by the subsidiaries for these services was $7.4 million and $6.7 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, the Parent has a formal tax-sharing agreement with each of its insurance subsidiaries. A net total of $6.7 million and $1.8 million were paid to the Parent under the tax sharing agreement in 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company has two statutory trusts which exist for the exclusive purpose of issuing trust preferred securities representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the trusts and investing the gross proceeds of the trust preferred securities in Junior Subordinated Debentures. The outstanding $18.0 million and $15.7 million of Junior Subordinated Debentures mature on December 4, 2032 and May 15, 2033, respectively, are callable quarterly, in whole or in part, only at the option of the Company, and have an interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The margin ranges from 4.00% to 4.10%. At December 31, 2021, the effective interest rate was 4.22%. The obligations of the Company with respect to the issuances of the trust preferred securities represent a full and unconditional guarantee by the Parent of each trust’s obligations with respect to the trust preferred securities. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, the Company may elect from time to time to defer Junior Subordinated Debenture interest payments, which would result in a deferral of distribution payments on the related trust preferred securities. The Company has not made such an election.

The Company intends to pay its obligations under the Junior Subordinated Debentures using existing cash balances, dividend and tax-sharing payments from the operating subsidiaries, or from existing or potential future financing arrangements.

At December 31, 2021, the Company had 55,000 shares of Series D preferred stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”) outstanding. All of the shares of Series D Preferred Stock are held by an affiliate of the Company’s controlling shareholder. The outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock have a redemption value of $100 per share; accrue annual dividends at a rate of $7.25 per share (payable in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of the board of directors of the Company) and are cumulative. In certain circumstances, the shares of the Series D Preferred Stock may be convertible into an aggregate of approximately 1,378,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain adjustments and provided that such adjustments do not result in the Company issuing more than approximately 2,703,000 shares of common stock without obtaining prior shareholder approval; and are redeemable solely at the Company’s option. The Series D Preferred Stock is not currently convertible. The Company had accrued, but unpaid, dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock of $17,722 at December 31, 2021 and 2020. During each of 2021 and 2020, the Company paid Series D Preferred Stock dividends of $0.4 million.

Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company (“BFLIC”) is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”), for the primary purpose of enhancing financial flexibility. As a member, BFLIC can obtain access to low-cost funding and also receive dividends on FHLB stock. The membership arrangement established initial credit availability of five percent of statutory admitted assets, or approximately $8 million. Additional FHLB stock purchases may be required based upon the amount of funds borrowed from the FHLB.  As of December 31, 2021, BFLIC has pledged bonds having an amortized cost of $5.4 million to the FHLB.  BFLIC may be required to post additional acceptable forms of collateral for any borrowings that it makes in the future from the FHLB.  As of 2021, BFLIC does not have any outstanding borrowings from the FHLB.

On May 12, 2021, the Company entered into a Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Truist Bank as the lender (the “Lender”). The Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured $10 million revolving credit facility that matures on April 12, 2024. Under the Credit Agreement, the Company will pay interest on the unpaid principal balance of outstanding revolving loans at the LIBOR Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 2.00%, subject to a LIBOR floor rate of 1.00%.

The Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain covenants, including a debt to capital ratio that restricts the Company from incurring consolidated indebtedness that exceeds 35% of the Company’s consolidated capitalization at any time. The Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties and events of default. Events of default include, among others, (a) the failure by the Company to pay any amounts owed under the Credit Agreement when due, (b) the failure to perform and not timely remedy certain covenants, (c) a change in control of the Company and (d) the occurrence of bankruptcy or insolvency events. Upon an event of default, the Lender may, among other things, declare all obligations under the Credit Agreement immediately due and payable and terminate the revolving commitments. As of December 31 2021, the Company does not have any outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

19
Cash and cash equivalents increased from $19.3 million at December 31, 2020 to $24.8 million at December 31, 2021. The increase in cash and cash equivalents during 2021 was primarily attributable to an increase in cash provided by investing activities of $5.4 million as a result of investment sales and maturity of securities exceeding investment purchases. Also contributing to the increase in cash was net cash provided by operating activities of $1.1 million.  Partially offsetting the increase were dividends paid on common stock of $0.4 million and dividends paid on the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock of $0.4 million.

The Company believes that existing cash balances as well as the dividends, fees, and tax-sharing payments it expects to receive from its subsidiaries and, if needed, additional borrowings from financial institutions, will enable the Company to meet its liquidity requirements for the foreseeable future. Management is not aware of any current recommendations by regulatory authorities, which, if implemented, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, capital resources or operations.

Expected Impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The duration and ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains unknown at this time and it is not possible for us to reliably estimate the impact on the financial condition, operating results or liquidity of the Company and its operating subsidiaries in future periods.  However, we do not currently expect a significant decline in liquidity or operating results as a result of the disruption caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.  To date, the most significant impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s financial position has been volatility in the fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity and equity investments due to disruption in the financial markets.

We expect that earned premiums could be adversely impacted by a weakened economy leading to a slowdown in new sales and reduced retention of insureds.  Additionally, a number of states have issued bulletins that either encourage or require premium leniency such as extension of grace periods or moratoriums on cancellation of policies for non-payment.  The Company does not expect a significant reduction or delay in payments and continues to monitor state requirements as they develop.

For the Company’s property and casualty operations, the majority of premium revenue is derived from automobile liability and automobile physical damage lines of business written on a multi-year contract basis with state and local governments.  Although we cannot predict with any certainty at this time, we do not expect a significant level of cancellations or non-renewals of our property and casualty contracts in the short term but recognize that a prolonged economic slowdown could adversely affect future results.  However, the Company expects the aforementioned decline in usage to be temporary in nature.

Benefits and losses in our property and casualty operations could be adversely impacted as a result of disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.  However, due to the nature of our primary product lines, the impact is not currently expected to be material.   As a result, we do not currently expect a material adverse effect on operating results or liquidity in the property and casualty operations.

The majority of premium revenue in our life and health operations are derived from the senior market segment of the population, or those individuals age sixty-five and up, who maintain Medicare supplement and to a lesser extent, whole life insurance policies with the Company.  We expect that earned premiums could be adversely impacted by an economic slowdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic and individual, business and government responses thereto, which could lead to a decline in new sales and reduced retention of insureds.  As a result, we currently anticipate that the life and health operations may experience a marginal decline in earned premiums although the actual impact cannot be predicted with certainty at this time.

Unforeseen infectious diseases that impact large portions of a population can have an adverse impact on mortality and morbidity, and resultant benefits and losses incurred by the Company’s life and health operations.  Accordingly, the Company could incur higher costs, potentially similar to prior influenza seasons, as it relates to life insurance claims.  During 2020, the Company’s individual policyholders were subject to various degrees of shelter in place orders.  As a result, the Company experienced lower utilization of certain accident and health benefits, particularly in the Medicare supplement line of business.  However, during 2021, utilization of policyholder benefits have returned to historical averages. As a result, and although the ultimate impact cannot be predicted with certainty at this time, the Company does not expect significant adverse development in total benefits and losses incurred in its life and health operations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See “Recently Issued Accounting Standards” in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Impact of Inflation

Insurance premiums are established before the amount of losses and loss adjustment expenses, or the extent to which inflation may affect such losses and expenses, are known. Consequently, in establishing its premiums, the Company attempts to anticipate the potential impact of inflation. If, for competitive reasons, premiums cannot be increased to anticipate inflation, this cost would be absorbed by the Company. Inflation also affects the rate of investment return on the Company’s investment portfolio with a corresponding effect on investment income. To date, inflation has not had a material effect on the Company’s results of operations in any of the periods presented.

Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations, and therefore are not providing the information required by this Item.

20

Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
Page
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
  
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Dixon Hughes Goodman, LLP, Atlanta, GA PCAOB Firm ID No. 57)
22
   
24
   
25
   
26
   
27
   
28
   
29

21
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders
Atlantic American Corporation
Atlanta, Georgia

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Atlantic American Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021 and the related notes and schedules (collectively, referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.  The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of internal control over financial reporting.  As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
    
Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Valuation of Insurance Reserves for Losses and Claims (Claim Reserves)

As reflected on the consolidated balance sheet and discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements, the Company’s insurance reserves for losses and claims (claim reserves), were $85.6 million as of December 31, 2021. The Company’s claim reserves relate primarily to its property casualty lines of business and Medicare supplement business. The process of establishing claim reserves requires the use of estimates and judgments based on circumstances underlying the insured loss at the date of accrual. Management’s judgments include claims adjusters’ evaluations for unpaid claims reported prior to the close of the accounting period, estimates of incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims based on past experience and estimates of loss adjustment expenses.

The principal considerations for our determination that the valuation of claim reserves is a critical audit matter are the high degree of judgment and subjectivity in auditing the actuarial methods and assumptions used in the valuation process, including assumptions around expected loss ratios and reported and paid loss emergence patterns.

22
Addressing the matter involved performing the following audit procedures, among others:
•
Involving our actuarial specialists to assist in our procedures in:

o
Evaluating the appropriateness of management’s actuarial reserving methodologies and assumptions;

o
Evaluating management’s hindsight analyses;

o
Comparing management’s carried reserve to the range calculated by management’s specialist for property casualty claim reserves;

•
Testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management that served as the basis for the actuarial analyses on a sample basis; and

•
Evaluating movement of the Company’s recorded property casualty claim reserves within the Company’s estimated reserve range year over year.

Valuation of Insurance Reserves for Future Policy Benefits (Policy Reserves)

As reflected on the consolidated balance sheet and discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements, the Company’s insurance reserves for future policy benefits (policy reserves) were $87.3 million as of December 31, 2021. Policy reserves are related to life and health insurance policies and are based upon significant assumptions including future investment yields, mortality rates, withdrawal rates and expenses after giving effect to possible risks of unexpected claim experience.  These assumptions are based on historical experience modified as necessary to reflect anticipated trends and are generally established at contract inception.

The principal considerations for our determination that the valuation of policy reserves is a critical audit matter are the high degree of judgment required to assess certain assumptions that impact policy reserves and the complexity of the actuarial calculations.

Addressing the matter involved performing the following audit procedures, among others:
•
Involving our actuarial specialists to assist in our procedures in:

o
Evaluating whether the methodology applied by management is consistent in the aggregate with the methodology compliant with GAAP;

o
Assessing the significant assumptions used by management for new insurance contracts issued during the current year by comparing the significant assumptions noted above to historical experience, observable market data or management’s estimates of prospective changes to these assumptions;

o
Performing an independent recalculation of policy reserves for a sample of contracts for comparison to management’s estimate; and

o
Evaluating management’s loss recognition testing of aggregate reserve sufficiency.

•
Testing the completeness and accuracy of data used by management in developing assumptions on a sample basis.

/s/ Dixon Hughes Goodman, LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.
Atlanta, Georgia
March 25, 2022

23
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

   
December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands,
except share and per share data)
  
ASSETS
            
Cash and cash equivalents
  
$
24,753
    
$
19,319
  
Investments:
                
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $238,597 and $222,461)
    
260,986
      
254,106
  
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $4,907 and $6,393)
    
19,124
      
18,716
  
Other invested assets (cost: $698 and $3,765)
    
198
      
3,238
  
Policy loans
    
1,858
      
1,975
  
Real estate
    
38
      
38
  
Investment in unconsolidated trusts
    
1,238
      
1,238
  
Total investments
    
283,442
      
279,311
  
Receivables:
                
Reinsurance
    
27,416
      
29,086
  
Insurance premiums and other, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $188 and $198 as of 2021 and 2020, respectively
    
14,959
      
27,512
  
Deferred income taxes, net
    
1,755
      
—
  
Deferred acquisition costs
    
38,698
      
39,611
  
Other assets
    
8,719
      
7,804
  
Intangibles
    
2,544
      
2,544
  
Total assets
  
$
402,286
    
$
405,187
  
                 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                
Insurance reserves and policyholder funds
                
Future policy benefits
  
$
87,348
    
$
90,872
  
Unearned premiums
    
27,469
      
27,131
  
Losses and claims
    
85,620
      
79,147
  
Other policy liabilities
    
1,360
      
1,526
  
Total insurance reserves and policyholder funds
    
201,797
      
198,676
  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    
25,465
      
26,412
  
Deferred income taxes, net
    
—
      
1,301
  
Junior subordinated debenture obligations, net
    
33,738
      
33,738
  
Total liabilities
    
261,000
      
260,127
  
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
    
     
 
Shareholders’ equity:
                
Preferred stock, $1 par, 4,000,000 shares authorized; Series D preferred, 55,000 shares issued and outstanding; $5,500 redemption value
    
55
      
55
  
Common stock, $1 par, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 22,400,894 shares issued; 20,378,576 and 20,415,243 shares outstanding as of 2021 and 2020, respectively
    
22,401
      
22,401
  
Additional paid-in capital
    
57,441
      
57,437
  
Retained earnings
    
51,264
      
47,790
  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    
17,688
      
25,000
  
Unearned stock grant compensation
    
(73
)
    
(284
)
Treasury stock, at cost, 2,022,318 and 1,985,651 shares as of 2021 and 2020, respectively
    
(7,490
)
    
(7,339
)
Total shareholders’ equity
    
141,286
      
145,060
  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  
$
402,286
    
$
405,187
  

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

24
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands,
except per share data)
  
Revenue:
            
Insurance premiums, net
  
$
184,216
    
$
183,539
  
Net investment income
    
8,528
      
7,744
  
Realized investment gains, net
    
4,903
      
7,420
  
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities, net
    
1,894
      
(3,431
)
Other income
    
13
      
76
  
Total revenue
    
199,554
      
195,348
  
                 
Benefits and expenses:
                
Insurance benefits and losses incurred
    
131,694
      
119,876
  
Commissions and underwriting expenses
    
47,496
      
46,811
  
Interest expense
    
1,387
      
1,610
  
Other expense
    
13,675
      
11,548
  
Total benefits and expenses
    
194,252
      
179,845
  
                 
Income before income taxes
    
5,302
      
15,503
  
Income tax expense
    
1,021
      
3,334
  
Net Income
    
4,281
      
12,169
  
Preferred stock dividends
    
(399
)
    
(399
)
Net Income applicable to common shareholders
  
$
3,882
    
$
11,770
  
Earnings per common share (basic)
    
0.19
      
0.58
  
Earnings per common share (diluted)
  
$
0.19
    
$
0.56
  

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

25
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands)
  
Net income
  
$
4,281
    
$
12,169
  
Other comprehensive income:
                
Available-for-sale fixed maturity securities:
                
Gross unrealized holding gain (loss) arising in the period
    
(8,686
)
    
18,791
  
Related income tax effect
    
1,824
      
(3,946
)
Subtotal
    
(6,862
)
    
14,845
  
                 
Less: reclassification adjustment for net realized gains included in net income
    
(570
)
    
(385
)
Related income tax effect
    
120
      
81
  
Subtotal
    
(450
)
    
(304
)
                 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
    
(7,312
)
    
14,541
  
Total comprehensive income (loss)
  
$
(3,031
)
  
$
26,710
  

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

26
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
  
2021
    
2020
  
Preferred stock:
            
Balance, beginning of year
  
$
55
    
$
55
  
Balance, end of year
    
55
      
55
  
Common stock:
                
Balance, beginning of year
    
22,401
      
22,401
  
Balance, end of year
    
22,401
      
22,401
  
Additional paid-in capital:
                
Balance, beginning of year
    
57,437
      
57,820
  
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures
    
—
      
(376
)
Issuance of shares under stock plans
    
4
      
(7
)
Balance, end of year
    
57,441
      
57,437
  
Retained earnings:
                
Balance, beginning of year
    
47,790
      
36,020
  
Net income
    
4,281
      
12,169
  
Dividends on common stock
    
(408
)
    
—
  
Dividends accrued on preferred stock
    
(399
)
    
(399
)
Balance, end of year
    
51,264
      
47,790
  
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
                
Balance, beginning of year
    
25,000
      
10,459
  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
    
(7,312
)
    
14,541
  
Balance, end of year
    
17,688
      
25,000
  
Unearned stock grant compensation:
                
Balance, beginning of year
    
(284
)
    
(781
)
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures
    
—
      
60
  
Amortization of unearned compensation
    
211
      
437
  
Balance, end of year
    
(73
)
    
(284
)
Treasury stock:
                
Balance, beginning of year
    
(7,339
)
    
(7,580
)
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures
    
—
      
316
  
Net shares acquired related to employee share-based compensation plans
    
(153
)
    
(91
)
Issuance of shares under stock plans
    
2
      
16
  
Balance, end of year
    
(7,490
)
    
(7,339
)
                 
Total shareholders’ equity
  
$
141,286
    
$
145,060
  
Dividends declared on common stock per share
  
$
0.02
    
$
—
  
Common shares outstanding:
                
Balance, beginning of year
     20,415,243       20,472,162  
Net shares acquired under employee share-based compensation plans
     (38,147 )     (46,620 )
Issuance of shares under stock plans
     1,480       4,701  
Restricted stock grants, net of forfeitures
     —       (15,000 )
Balance, end of year
     20,378,576       20,415,243  

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

27
ATLANTIC AMERICAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2021
    
2020
  
   
(In thousands)
  
Cash flows from operating activities:
            
Net Income
  
$
4,281
    
$
12,169
  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
    
24,064
      
19,393
  
Acquisition costs deferred
    
(23,151
)
    
(20,143
)
Realized investment gains, net
    
(4,903
)
    
(7,420
)
Unrealized (gains) losses on equity securities, net
    
(1,894
)
    
3,431
  
Distributions received from equity method investees
    
290
      
—
  
Compensation expense related to share awards
    
211
      
437
  
Depreciation and amortization
    
1,003
      
980
  
Deferred income tax benefit
    
(1,112
)
    
(2,250
)
Decrease in receivables, net
    
1,545
      
1,349
  
Increase (decrease) in insurance reserves and policyholder funds
    
3,121
      
(3,230
)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses
    
(947
)
    
2,324
  
Other, net
    
(1,420
)
    
1,931
  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    
1,088
      
8,971
  
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:
                
Proceeds from investments sold
    
29,184
      
18,541
  
Proceeds from investments matured, called or redeemed
    
11,515
      
7,117
  
Investments purchased
    
(35,292
)
    
(27,489
)
Additions to property and equipment
    
(107
)
    
(233
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    
5,300
      
(2,064
)
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:
                
Payment of dividends on Series D preferred stock
    
(399
)
    
(399
)
Payment of dividends on common stock
    
(408
)
    
—
  
Proceeds from shares issued under stock plans
    
6
      
9
  
Treasury stock acquired — net employee share-based compensation
    
(153
)
    
(91
)
Net cash used in financing activities
    
(954
)
    
(481
)
                 
Net increase in cash
    
5,434
      
6,426
  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    
19,319
      
12,893
  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  
$
24,753
    
$
19,319
  
                 
Supplemental cash flow information:
                
Cash paid for interest
  
$
1,389
    
$
1,665
  
Cash paid for income taxes
  
$
3,202
    
$
3,883
  
Non-cash investing activities:
                
Receivable from sale of other invested assets
   $ —     $ 12,678  

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

28
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands)

Note 1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation


The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) which, for insurance companies, differ in some respects from the statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by regulatory authorities. These financial statements include the accounts of Atlantic American Corporation (“Atlantic American” or the “Parent”) and its subsidiaries (collectively with the Parent, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating results achieved in any historical period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.


At December 31, 2021, the Parent owned four insurance subsidiaries, Bankers Fidelity Life Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bankers Fidelity Assurance Company (together known as “Bankers Fidelity”), and American Southern Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American Safety Insurance Company (together known as “American Southern”), in addition to one non-insurance subsidiary, xCalibre Risk Services, Inc. The Parent has issued a guarantee of all liabilities of Bankers Fidelity.

Premium Revenue and Cost Recognition


Life insurance premiums are recognized as revenue when due; accident and health insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the premium paying period and property and casualty insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided. Losses, benefits and expenses are accrued as incurred and are associated with premiums as they are earned so as to result in recognition of profits over the lives of the contracts. For traditional life insurance and long-duration health insurance, this association is accomplished by the provision of a future policy benefits reserve and the deferral and subsequent amortization of the costs of acquiring business, which are referred to as “deferred policy acquisition costs” (principally commissions, premium taxes, and other incremental direct costs of issuing policies). Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) are amortized over the estimated premium-paying period of the related policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing the future policy benefits reserve. The Company provides for insurance benefits and losses on accident, health, and property-casualty claims based upon estimates of projected ultimate losses. DAC for property and casualty insurance and short-duration health insurance is amortized over the effective period of the related insurance policies. Contingent commissions, if contractually applicable, are ultimately payable to agents based on the underlying profitability of a particular insurance contract or a group of insurance contracts, and are periodically evaluated and accrued as earned. In periods in which revisions are made to the estimated loss reserves related to the particular insurance contract or group of insurance contracts subject to such commissions, corresponding adjustments are also made to the related accruals. DAC is expensed when such costs are deemed not to be recoverable from future premiums (for traditional life and long-duration health insurance) and from the related unearned premiums and investment income (for property and casualty and short-duration health insurance).

Intangibles


Intangibles consist of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired and is not amortized. Other indefinite-lived intangibles represent the value of licenses and are not amortized. The Company periodically reviews its goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangibles to determine if any adverse conditions exist that could indicate impairment. Conditions that could trigger impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant change in business climate that could affect the value of the related asset, an adverse action, or an assessment by a regulator. No impairment of the Company’s recorded intangibles was identified during any of the periods presented.

Investments


The Company’s investments in fixed maturities, which include bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, are classified as “available-for-sale” and, accordingly, are carried at fair value with the after-tax difference from amortized cost, as adjusted if applicable, reflected in shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The Company’s equity securities, which include common and non-redeemable preferred stocks, are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in net income. The fair values of fixed maturities and equity securities are largely determined from publicly quoted market prices, when available, or independent broker quotations. As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned a certain equity security in the amount of $157, with a valuation that was derived from techniques in which one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable. As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned a certain fixed maturity in the amount of $250, with a valuation that was derived from techniques in which one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable. Values that are not determined using quoted market prices inherently involve a greater degree of judgment and uncertainty and therefore ultimately greater price volatility than the value of securities with publicly quoted market prices. Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balance and real estate is carried at historical cost. Other invested assets are comprised of investments in limited partnerships and limited liability companies and are accounted for using the equity method. If the value of a fixed maturity security or other invested asset declines below its cost or amortized cost, as applicable, and the decline is considered to be other than temporary, a realized loss is recorded to reduce the carrying value of the investment to its estimated fair value, which becomes the new cost basis.

29

Premiums and discounts related to investments are amortized or accreted over the life of the related investment as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. Dividends and interest income are recognized when earned or declared. The cost of securities sold is based on specific identification. Unrealized gains (losses) in the value of fixed maturities are accounted for as a direct increase (decrease) in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity, net of deferred tax and, accordingly, have no effect on net income.

Income Taxes


Deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. They arise from differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax laws and tax rates as those changes are enacted. The provision for income taxes represents the total amount of income taxes due related to the current year, plus the change in deferred income taxes during the year. A valuation allowance is recognized if, based on management’s assessment of the relevant facts, it is more likely than not that some portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Earnings Per Common Share


Basic earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common and participating shares outstanding during the relevant period. Diluted earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of common and participating shares outstanding during the relevant period, plus options outstanding, if applicable, using the treasury stock method and the assumed conversion of the Series D preferred stock, if dilutive. Unless otherwise indicated, earnings per common share amounts are presented on a diluted basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents


Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and investments in short-term, highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less from date of purchase.

Reinsurance

The Company enters into reinsurance agreements with other companies in the normal course of business. For each reinsurance agreement, the Company determines if the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Reinsurance premiums and benefits paid or provided are accounted for on bases consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Premiums, benefits and DAC are reported net of insurance ceded. Reinsurance premiums from assumed business are estimated based on information received from ceding companies and reinsureds.  Any subsequent differences that arise regarding such estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined.


Share-Based Transactions


For employee and director share-based compensation awards, the Company determines a grant date fair value based on the price of our publicly-traded common stock and recognize the related compensation expense, adjusted for actual forfeitures, in the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. For non-employee share-based compensation awards, the Company recognizes the impact during the period of performance, and the fair value of the award is measured as of the date performance is complete, which is the vesting date.

Treasury Stock


Treasury stock is reflected as a reduction of shareholders’ equity at cost. The Company uses the first-in-first-out (“FIFO”) purchase cost to determine the cost of treasury stock that is reissued. The Company includes any gains and losses in additional paid-in capital when treasury stock is reissued.

30
Recently Issued Accounting Standards


Adoption of New Accounting Standards


Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). This updated guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing several exceptions contained in existing guidance and amending other existing guidance to simplify several other income tax accounting matters. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, although earlier adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2021. The adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.


Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards


Reference Rate Reform. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”). This guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to investments, derivatives, or other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. Along with the optional expedients, the amendments include a general principle that permits an entity to consider contract modifications due to reference reform to be an event that does not require contract re-measurement at the modification date or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. Additionally, a company may make a one-time election to sell, transfer, or both sell and transfer debt securities classified as held to maturity that reference a rate affected by reference rate reform and that were classified as held to maturity before January 1, 2020. This standard may be elected over time through December 31, 2022 as reference rate reform activities occur. The Company is currently assessing the effect of adopting this guidance on its financial condition and results of operations.


Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-12, Financial Services —Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (“ASU 2018-12”). This guidance (1) improves the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits and modifies the rate used to discount future cash flows, (2) simplifies and improves the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit (or account balance) contracts, (3) simplifies the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, and (4) improves the effectiveness of the required disclosures. ASU 2018-12 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, although earlier adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance, but has not yet determined the method or timing for adoption or estimated the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.


Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments (including reinsurance recoverable and policy loans) held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Under current GAAP, entities generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. ASU 2016-13 will remove all recognition thresholds and will require entities to recognize an allowance for credit losses equal to the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the entity expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU 2016-13 also amends the credit loss measurement guidance for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. Credit losses on AFS debt securities carried at fair value will continue to be measured as an other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) when incurred; however, the losses will be recognized through an allowance and no longer as an adjustment to the cost basis. Recoveries of OTTI will be recognized as reversals of valuation allowances and no longer accreted as investment income through an adjustment to the investment yield. The allowance on AFS debt securities cannot cause the net carrying value to be below fair value and, therefore, it is possible that increases in fair value due to decreases in market interest rates could cause the reversal of a valuation allowance and increase net income. The new guidance will also require purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since original issuance to be recorded based on contractual amounts due and an initial allowance recorded at the date of purchase. For the Company, the amendments in ASU 2016-13 will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt on January 1, 2023. Implementation matters yet to be addressed include determining the impact of valuation allowances on the effective interest method for recognizing interest income from AFS debt securities as well as updating our investment accounting system functionality to adjust valuation allowances based on changes in fair value. The estimated effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements can only be estimated based on the current investment portfolio at any given point in time, and accordingly, has not currently been determined.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements


The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are used in developing and evaluating deferred income taxes, deferred acquisition costs, insurance reserves, investments, and receivables, among others, and actual results could differ materially from management’s estimates.

31
Note 2.
Investments


The following tables set forth the estimated fair value, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and cost or amortized cost of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities and equity securities, aggregated by type and industry, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


Fixed maturities were comprised of the following:

   
2021
  
   
Estimated
Fair Value
    
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
    
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    
Amortized
Cost
  
Fixed maturities:
                        
Bonds:
                        
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities
  
$
50,298
    
$
763
    
$
416
    
$
49,951
  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    
11,644
      
749
      
—
      
10,895
  
Corporate securities:
                                
Utilities and telecom
    
29,717
      
2,961
      
44
      
26,800
  
Financial services
    
70,921
      
6,759
      
48
      
64,210
  
Other business – diversified
    
40,216
      
4,631
      
106
      
35,691
  
Other consumer – diversified
    
57,940
      
7,185
      
103
      
50,858
  
Total corporate securities
    
198,794
      
21,536
      
301
      
177,559
  
Redeemable preferred stocks:
                                
Other consumer – diversified
    
250
      
58
      
—
      
192
  
Total redeemable preferred stocks
    
250
      
58
      
—
      
192
  
Total fixed maturities
  
$
260,986
    
$
23,106
    
$
717
    
$
238,597
  

   
2020
  
   
Estimated
Fair Value
    
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
    
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    
Amortized
Cost
  
Fixed maturities:
                        
Bonds:
                        
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities
  
$
30,762
    
$
1,381
    
$
26
    
$
29,407
  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    
11,802
      
898
      
—
      
10,904
  
Corporate securities:
                                
Utilities and telecom
    
30,359
      
4,423
      
—
      
25,936
  
Financial services
    
78,258
      
9,811
      
6
      
68,453
  
Other business – diversified
    
41,145
      
5,689
      
15
      
35,471
  
Other consumer – diversified
    
61,530
      
9,479
      
47
      
52,098
  
Total corporate securities
    
211,292
      
29,402
      
68
      
181,958
  
Redeemable preferred stocks:
                                
Other consumer – diversified
    
250
      
58
      
—
      
192
  
Total redeemable preferred stocks
    
250
      
58
      
—
      
192
  
Total fixed maturities
  
$
254,106
    
$
31,739
    
$
94
    
$
222,461
  


Bonds having an amortized cost of $11,169 and $10,670 and included in the tables above were on deposit with insurance regulatory authorities at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, in accordance with statutory requirements.  Additionally, bonds having an amortized cost of $5,371 and $1,997 and included in the tables above were pledged as collateral to FHLB at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

32
   
2021
  
   
Estimated
Fair Value
    
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
    
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
  
Equity securities:
                        
Common and non-redeemable preferred stocks:
                        
Financial services
    
799
      
525
      
—
      
274
  
Other business – diversified
    
18,325
      
13,692
      
—
      
4,633
  
Total equity securities
  
$
19,124
    
$
14,217
    
$
—
    
$
4,907
  

   
2020
  
   
Estimated
Fair Value
    
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
    
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
  
Equity securities:
                        
Common and non-redeemable preferred stocks:
                        
Financial services
    
2,111
      
351
      
—
      
1,760
  
Other business – diversified
    
16,605
      
11,972
      
—
      
4,633
  
Total equity securities
  
$
18,716
    
$
12,323
    
$
—
    
$
6,393
  


The carrying value and amortized cost of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2021 and 2020 by contractual maturity were as follows. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

   
2021
    
2020
  
   
Carrying
Value
    
Amortized
Cost
    
Carrying
Value
    
Amortized
Cost
  
Due in one year or less
  
$
1,734
    
$
1,730
    
$
2,041
    
$
2,015
  
Due after one year through five years
    
24,926
      
23,593
      
18,373
      
17,039
  
Due after five years through ten years
    
73,725
      
68,338
      
89,892
      
79,993
  
Due after ten years
    
122,045
      
106,181
      
124,609
      
104,527
  
Asset backed securities
    
38,556
      
38,755
      
19,191
      
18,887
  
Totals
  
$
260,986
    
$
238,597
    
$
254,106
    
$
222,461
  


The following tables present the Company’s unrealized loss aging for securities by type and length of time the security was in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

   
2021
  
   
Less than 12 months
    
12 months or longer
    
Total
  
   
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
  
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities
  
$
30,141
    
$
416
    
$
—
    
$
—
    
$
30,141
    
$
416
  
Corporate securities
    
3,326
      
49
      
4,761
      
252
      
8,087
      
301
  
Total temporarily impaired securities
  
$
33,467
    
$
465
    
$
4,761
    
$
252
    
$
38,228
    
$
717
  

   
2020
  
   
Less than 12 months
    
12 months or longer
    
Total
  
   
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
  
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities
  
$
7,045
    
$
26
    
$
—
    
$
—
    
$
7,045
    
$
26
  
Corporate securities
    
4,602
      
68
      
—
      
—
      
4,602
      
68
  
Total temporarily impaired securities
  
$
11,647
    
$
94
    
$
—
    
$
—
    
$
11,647
    
$
94
  


The evaluation for an other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) is a quantitative and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties in the determination of whether declines in the fair value of investments are other than temporary. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, changes in general economic conditions, an issuer’s financial condition or near term recovery prospects and the effects of changes in interest rates. In evaluating a potential impairment, the Company considers, among other factors, management’s intent and ability to hold the securities until price recovery, the nature of the investment and the expectation of prospects for the issuer and its industry, the status of an issuer’s continued satisfaction of its obligations in accordance with their contractual terms, and management’s expectation as to the issuer’s ability and intent to continue to do so, as well as ratings actions that may affect the issuer’s credit status.

33

There were no OTTI charges recorded during the years ended December 31, 2021 and  2020.


As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were sixty-one and twenty securities, respectively, in an unrealized loss position which primarily included certain of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities within the financial services, other diversified business and other diversified consumer sectors. The increase in the number and value of securities in an unrealized loss position during the year ended December 31, 2021, was primarily attributable to a decline in market values in certain of the Company’s fixed maturity securities as a result of a rising interest rate environment.  The Company does not currently intend to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position. Based upon the Company’s expected continuation of receipt of contractually required principal and interest payments and its intent and ability to retain the securities until price recovery, as well as the Company’s evaluation of other relevant factors, including those described above, the Company has deemed these securities to be temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2021.


Investment income was earned from the following sources:

   
2021
    
2020
  
Fixed maturities
  
$
8,640
    
$
8,646
  
Equity securities
    
300
      
141
  
Other
    
(111
)
    
(788
)
     
8,829
      
7,999
  
Investment expenses
    
301
      
255
  
Net investment income
  
$
8,528
    
$
7,744
  


A summary of realized investment gains (losses) follows:

    2021  
 
Fixed
Maturities
    
Equity
Securities
    
Other
Invested Assets
     Total  
Gains
  
$
570
    
$
—
    
$
4,333
    
$
4,903
  
Losses
    
—
   
—
   
—
      
—
Realized investment gains, net
  
$
570
    
$
—
    
$
4,333
    
$
4,903
  

    2020  
   
Fixed
Maturities
    
Equity
Securities
    
Other
Invested Assets
     Total  
Gains
  
$
835
    
$
88
    
$
6,948
    
$
7,871
  
Losses
    
(450
)
    
(1
)
    
—
      
(451
)
Realized investment gains, net
  
$
385
    
$
87
    
$
6,948
    
$
7,420
  


Proceeds from the sales of available-for-sale fixed maturities were as follows:

   
2021
    
2020
  
Sales proceeds
  
$
9,244
    
$
18,504
  
Gross gains
    
454
      
835
  
Gross losses
    
—
   
(450
)


Proceeds from the sales of equity securities were as follows:

   
2021
    
2020
  
Sales proceeds
  
$
61
    
$
5
  
Gross gains
    
—
      
—
  
Gross losses
    
—
      
(1
)

34

Proceeds from the sales of other invested assets were as follows:

   
2021
    
2020
  
Sales proceeds
  
$
19,761
    
$
—
  
Gross gains
    
4,333
      
6,948
  
Gross losses
    
—
      
—
  


Sales of available-for-sale securities in 2021 and 2020 were primarily a result of improving the overall risk versus return profile of the portfolio. In addition, the Company sold its interest in a certain limited liability company held as other invested assets to a third-party. The transaction closed prior to December 31, 2020. The Company recorded gross realized gains on this sale of $6.9 million and proceeds of $12.7 million which settled after year end.


The following table presents the portion of unrealized gains (losses) related to equity securities still held for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

   
2021
    
2020
  
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities
  
$
1,894
    
$
(3,344
)
Less: Net realized gains recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period
    
—
      
87
  
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities, net
  
$
1,894
    
$
(3,431
)


The Company’s bond portfolio included 99% investment grade securities, as defined by the NAIC, at December 31, 2021.

Variable Interest Entities


The Company holds passive interests in a number of entities that are considered to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) under GAAP guidance. The Company’s VIE interests principally consist of interests in limited partnerships and limited liability companies formed for the purpose of achieving diversified equity returns. The Company’s VIE interests, carried as a part of other invested assets, totaled $198 and $3,238 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s VIE interests, carried as a part of investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries, totaled $1,238 at December 31, 2021 and 2020.



The Company does not have power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs and thus is not the primary beneficiary. Therefore, the Company has not consolidated these VIEs. The Company’s involvement with each VIE is limited to its direct ownership interest in the VIE. The Company has no arrangements with any of the VIEs to provide other financial support to or on behalf of the VIE. The Company’s maximum loss exposure relative to these investments was limited to the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the VIEs, which amount to $1,436 and $4,476, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling $1,997, whereby the Company is committed to fund these investments and may be called by such VIEs during the commitment period to fund the purchase of new investments and partnership expenses.

Note 3.
Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments


The estimated fair values have been determined by the Company using available market information from various market sources and appropriate valuation methodologies as of the respective dates. However, considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and to develop the estimates of fair value. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts which the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.


The following describes the fair value hierarchy and provides information as to the extent to which the Company uses fair value to measure the value of its financial instruments and information about the inputs used to value those financial instruments. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs in the valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.


 Level 1
Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. The Company’s financial instruments valued using Level 1 criteria include cash equivalents and exchange traded common stocks.


Level 2
Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for an asset or liability or prices for similar assets or liabilities. The Company’s financial instruments valued using Level 2 criteria include significantly most of its fixed maturities, which consist of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. Government securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and certain corporate fixed maturities, as well as its non-redeemable preferred stocks. In determining fair value measurements of its fixed maturities and non-redeemable preferred stocks using Level 2 criteria, the Company utilizes data from outside sources, including nationally recognized pricing services and broker/dealers. Prices for the majority of the Company’s Level 2 fixed maturities and non-redeemable preferred stocks were determined using unadjusted prices received from pricing services that utilize models where the significant inputs are observable (e.g. interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severities) or can be corroborated by observable market data.

35

 Level 3
Valuations that are derived from techniques in which one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable (including assumptions about risk). Fair value is based on criteria that use assumptions or other data that are not readily observable from objective sources. With little or no observable market, the determination of fair values uses considerable judgment and represents the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a market exchange for the asset or liability. The Company’s financial instruments valued using Level 3 criteria consist of one fixed maturity security and one equity security.  As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the value of the fixed maturity valued using Level 3 criteria was $250 and $0, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the value of the equity security valued using Level 3 criteria was $157 and $143, respectively.   The equity security is not traded and valued at cost. The use of different criteria or assumptions regarding data may have yielded materially different valuations.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Cash Equivalents. The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments.

Fixed Maturities and Common and Non-Redeemable Preferred Stocks. The carrying amount is determined from publicly quoted market prices. Certain fixed maturities do not have publicly quoted values and consist solely of issuances of pooled debt obligations of multiple, smaller financial services companies. They are not actively traded and valuation techniques used to measure fair value are based on future estimated cash flows discounted at reasonable estimated rates of interest. Other qualitative and quantitative information is also considered, as applicable.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Non-publicly Traded Invested Assets. The fair value of investments in certain limited partnerships which are included in other invested assets on the consolidated balance sheet were determined by officers of those limited partnerships.

Policy Loans. Policy loans, which are categorized as Level 2 fair value measurements, are carried at the unpaid principal balances.

Junior Subordinated Debentures. The fair value is estimated based on observable interest rates and yields for debt instruments having similar characteristics.


As of December 31, 2021, financial instruments carried at fair value were measured on a recurring basis as summarized below:


36
Assets:
  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
    
Significant
Other Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
    
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
    
Total
  
Fixed maturities
  
$
250
    
$
260,486
    
$
250
    
$
260,986
  
Equity securities
    
18,967
      
—
      
157
      
19,124
  
Cash equivalents
    
12,713
      
—
      
—
      
12,713
  
Total
  
$
31,930
    
$
260,486
    
$
407
    
$
292,823
  


As of December 31, 2020, financial instruments carried at fair value were measured on a recurring basis as summarized below:

Assets:
  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
    
Significant
Other Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
    
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
    
Total
  
Fixed maturities
  
$
—
    
$
254,106
    
$
—
    
$
254,106
  
Equity securities
    
18,573
      
—
      
143
      
18,716