Filed by the Registrant ☒   Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ☐

Check the appropriate box:

 

TWITTER, INC.

1355 MARKET STREET, SUITE 900

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94103

The information provided in the “question and answer” format below is for your convenience only and is merely a summary of the information contained in this proxy statement. You should read this entire proxy statement carefully. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this proxy statement and references to our website address or other links provided in this proxy statement are inactive textual references only and are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this proxy statement.

Our Annual Meeting will be conducted via live audio webcast and online stockholder tools. We have implemented the virtual format in order to facilitate stockholder attendance and participation by enabling stockholders to participate fully, and equally, from virtually any location around the world, at no cost. However, you will bear any costs associated with your Internet access, such as usage charges from Internet access providers and telephone companies. We believe this is the right choice for a company with a global footprint. A virtual Annual Meeting makes it possible for more stockholders (regardless of size, resources or physical location) to have direct access to information, while saving us and our stockholders time and money. We also believe that the online tools we have selected will increase stockholder communication. We remain very sensitive to concerns that virtual meetings may diminish stockholder voice or reduce accountability. Accordingly, we have designed our virtual format to enhance, rather than constrain, stockholder access, participation and communication. For example, the virtual format allows stockholders to communicate with us in advance of, and during, the Annual Meeting so they can ask questions of our board of directors or management. We do not place restrictions on the type or form of questions that may be asked; however, we reserve the right to edit profanity or other inappropriate language for publication. During the live Q&A session of the Annual Meeting, we answer questions as they come in and address those asked in advance, as time permits. A replay and a written transcript of the meeting will be made publicly available on our investor relations site.

Other than the items of business described in this proxy statement, we are not aware of any other business to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting. You may be asked to consider any other business that properly comes before the Annual Meeting.

Holders of our common stock as of the close of business on March 30, 2022, the date our board of directors has set as the record date (the “Record Date”), may vote at the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, there were 763,577,533 shares of our common stock outstanding. In deciding all matters at the Annual Meeting, each stockholder will be entitled to one vote for each share of our common stock held by them on the Record Date. We do not have cumulative voting rights for the election of directors.

If shares of our common stock are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares, and the Notice was provided to you directly by us. As the stockholder of record, you have the right to grant your voting proxy and indicate your voting choices directly to the individuals listed on the proxy card or to vote virtually at the Annual Meeting. Throughout this proxy statement, we refer to these registered stockholders as “stockholders of record.”

If shares of our common stock are held on your behalf in a brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, you are considered to be the beneficial owner of shares that are held in “street name,” and the Notice was forwarded to you by your broker, bank or other nominee. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee as to how to vote your shares in the manner provided in the voting instructions you receive from your broker, bank or other nominee. If you request a printed copy of our proxy materials by mail, your broker, bank or other nominee will provide a voting instruction form for you to use. Street name stockholders are also invited to attend and vote at the Annual Meeting. Throughout this proxy statement, we refer to stockholders who hold their shares through a broker, bank or other nominee as “street name stockholders.”

Both stockholders of record and street name stockholders will be able to attend the Annual Meeting via live audio webcast, submit their questions during the meeting and vote their shares electronically at the Annual Meeting. For more information on how to attend the Annual Meeting, please see the section titled “Questions and Answers About the Proxy Materials and Our Annual Meeting—What do I need to do to attend the Annual Meeting virtually?” on page 6.

A quorum is the minimum number of shares required to be present at the Annual Meeting to properly hold an annual meeting and conduct business under our Bylaws and Delaware law. The presence, virtually or by proxy, of a majority of all issued and outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions, against votes and broker non-votes are counted as shares present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining a quorum.

If you are a stockholder of record, there are four ways to vote:

If you are a street name stockholder, you will receive voting instructions from your broker, bank or other nominee. You must follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee in order to direct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares. Street name stockholders may also attend the virtual meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022, where you may vote and submit questions during the Annual Meeting. Please have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you visit the website.

For more information on how to attend and vote at the Annual Meeting, please see the section titled “Questions and Answers About the Proxy Materials and Our Annual Meeting—What do I need to do to attend the Annual Meeting virtually?” on page 6.

If you need assistance in voting your shares, please call the firm assisting us in the solicitation of proxies: Innisfree M&A Incorporated, at 1 (877) 750-8338 (TOLL-FREE from the U.S. and Canada), or +1 (412) 232-3651 (from other countries).

Both stockholders of record and street name stockholders will be able to attend the Annual Meeting via live audio webcast, submit their questions during the meeting and vote their shares electronically at the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022. To participate in the Annual Meeting, you will need the control number included on your Notice or proxy card.

The Annual Meeting live audio webcast will begin promptly at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time on Wednesday, May 25, 2022. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time. Online check-in will begin at 9:45 a.m. Pacific Time, and you should allow ample time for the check-in procedures.

What if I have technical difficulties during the check-in time or during the Annual Meeting?

If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting during the check-in or meeting time, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the login page at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022. Please be sure to check in by 9:45 a.m. Pacific Time on May 25, 2022, the day of the Annual Meeting, so we may address any technical difficulties before the Annual Meeting live audio webcast begins.

Yes. If you are a stockholder of record, you can change your vote or revoke your proxy any time before the Annual Meeting by:

If you are a street name stockholder, your broker, bank or other nominee can provide you with instructions on how to change your vote.

Proxies are solicited by and on behalf of our board of directors. Parag Agrawal (our Chief Executive Officer), Ned Segal (our Chief Financial Officer) and Sean Edgett (our General Counsel) have been designated as proxy holders by our board of directors. When proxies are properly dated, executed and returned, the shares represented by such proxies will be voted at the Annual Meeting in accordance with the instructions of the stockholder. If proxies are properly executed, dated and returned, but no specific instructions are given, the shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our board of directors as described above. If any matters not described in this proxy statement are properly presented at the Annual Meeting, the proxy holders will use their own judgment to determine how to vote the shares. If the Annual Meeting is adjourned, the proxy holders can vote the shares on the new Annual Meeting date as well, unless you have properly revoked your proxy instructions, as described above.

In accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we have elected to furnish our proxy materials, including this proxy statement and our annual report, primarily via the Internet. The Notice containing instructions on how to access our proxy materials is first being mailed on or about April 12, 2022 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Stockholders may request to receive all future proxy materials in printed form by mail or electronically by email by following the instructions contained in the Notice. We encourage stockholders to take advantage of the availability of our proxy materials on the Internet to help reduce the environmental impact and the costs of our annual meetings of stockholders.

Our board of directors is soliciting proxies for use at the Annual Meeting. All expenses associated with this solicitation will be borne by us. We will reimburse brokers, banks and other nominees for reasonable expenses that they incur in sending our proxy materials to you if a broker, bank or other nominee holds shares of our common stock on your behalf. In addition, our directors and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone, or by other means of communication. Our directors and employees will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies.

We have hired Innisfree M&A Incorporated (“Innisfree”) to assist us in the solicitation of votes described above. We will pay Innisfree a base fee of $30,000 plus customary costs and expenses for these services. We have agreed to indemnify Innisfree against certain liabilities arising out of or in connection with these services.

Brokerage firms and other intermediaries holding shares of our common stock in street name for their customers are generally required to vote such shares in the manner directed by their customers. In the absence of timely directions, your broker, bank or other nominee will have discretion to vote your shares on our sole “routine” matter: the proposal to ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm. Your broker, bank or other nominee will not have discretion to vote on the election of directors, the advisory vote on Say-on-Pay, the vote on the approval of an amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to declassify our board of directors, or the stockholder proposals, which are “non-routine” matters, absent direction from you.

We expect to announce preliminary voting results at the Annual Meeting. We will also disclose voting results on a Current Report on Form 8-K that we will file with the SEC within four business days after the Annual Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days after the Annual Meeting, we will file a Current Report on Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and will provide the final results in an amendment to the Current Report on Form 8-K as soon as they become available.

We have adopted an SEC approved procedure called “householding.” Under this procedure, we deliver a single copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials to multiple stockholders who share the same address unless we have received contrary instructions from one or more of such stockholders. This procedure reduces our printing costs, mailing costs, and fees. Stockholders who participate in householding will continue to be able to access and receive separate proxy cards. Upon written or oral request, we will deliver promptly a separate copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials to any stockholder at a shared address to which we delivered a single copy of any of these materials. To receive a separate copy, or, if a stockholder is receiving multiple copies, to request that we only send a single copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials, such stockholder may contact us as follows:

Twitter, Inc.

Attention: Investor Relations

1355 Market Street, Suite 900

San Francisco, California 94103

Tel: (415) 222-9670

Street name stockholders may contact their broker, bank or other nominee to request information about householding.

In the event that we hold our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after the one-year anniversary of the Annual Meeting, notice of a stockholder proposal that is not intended to be included in our proxy statement must be received no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and no later than the close of business on the later of the following two dates:

If a stockholder who has notified us of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting does not appear to present his, her or its proposal at such annual meeting, we are not required to present the proposal for a vote at such annual meeting.

You may recommend director candidates for consideration by our nominating and corporate governance committee if you have held 1% of our fully diluted capitalization for at least 12 months prior to the date of the submission of the recommendation. Any such recommendations must comply with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, Bylaws and applicable laws, rules and regulations, should include the nominee’s name and qualifications for membership on our board of directors, and should be directed to our Secretary at the address set forth above. For additional information regarding stockholder recommendations for director candidates, see the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Stockholder Recommendations and Nominations to the Board of Directors.”

In addition, our Bylaws permit stockholders to nominate directors for election at an annual meeting of stockholders. To nominate a director, the stockholder must provide the information required by our Bylaws. In addition, the stockholder must give timely notice to our Secretary in accordance with our Bylaws, which, in general, require that the notice be received by our Secretary within the time periods described above under “Stockholder Proposals” for stockholder proposals that are not intended to be included in a proxy statement.

In 2021, our board of directors adopted revisions to our bylaws then in-effect, putting into place proxy access provisions. Our Bylaws provide a proxy access right pursuant to which a stockholder, or a group of up to 20 stockholders, owning at least 3% of our outstanding common stock continuously for at least three years, may nominate and include in our proxy materials director nominees constituting up to the greater of two individuals or 20% of our board of directors, subject to certain limitations and provided that the stockholders and the nominees satisfy the requirements specified in our Bylaws, including providing timely notice within the time periods described in our bylaws.

A copy of our Bylaws is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. You may also contact our Secretary at the address set forth above for a copy of the relevant Bylaw provisions regarding the requirements for making stockholder proposals and nominating director candidates.

Our business affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors, which is currently composed of eleven members. Our board of directors will be reduced to ten members effective on the date of the Annual Meeting. All of our directors, other than Mr. Agrawal, our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dorsey, our former Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Kordestani, our former Executive Chairman, are independent within the meaning of the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors, each serving a staggered three-year term. At each annual meeting of stockholders, a class of directors is elected for a three-year term to succeed the class whose term is then expiring.

The following table sets forth the names, ages as of March 31, 2022, and certain other information for each of the nominees for director at the Annual Meeting, and for each of the continuing and non-continuing members of our board of directors. Mr. Agrawal was appointed as Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors effective November 29, 2021. Mr. Zoellick notified us on April 6, 2022 that he will not stand for re-election at the Annual Meeting, and his current term will expire at the Annual Meeting. His decision to not stand for re-election was not a result of any disagreements with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. Mr. Dorsey stepped down as Chief Executive Officer effective November 29, 2021 but will continue to serve on our board of directors as a non-employee director until his term expires at the Annual Meeting. Mr. Cohn stepped down as a member of our board of directors effective June 9, 2021 and was replaced by Ms. Alemayehou. Dr. Okonjo-Iweala stepped down as a member of our board of directors effective February 28, 2021. Full biographical for our director nominees and continuing directors information is below.

Legend:   Chair |   Member |   Ex Officio |   Audit committee financial expert

 

Our board of directors follow an annual director nomination process that promotes thoughtful and in-depth review of our board and committee composition as well as each individual director throughout the year. Each year, at the beginning of the process, the nominating and corporate governance committee reviews current board and committee composition in context with our strategy to confirm that the traits, attributes and qualifications are aligned with our long-term strategy, provide effective oversight, and continue to promote effective board and committee performance. The outcome of the annual evaluations is used to assess the composition of our board and to inform director search priorities as applicable. Each year, the nominating and corporate governance committee reviews incumbent director nominees, evaluates any changes in circumstances that may impact their candidacy, and considers information from our board evaluation process. We are committed to thoughtful refreshment and the nominating and corporate governance committee also identifies potential new director nominees, from time to time using a search firm that is paid a fee for its services, together with referrals and suggestions from board members and stockholders. The nominating and corporate governance committee interviews potential director nominees to explore their qualifications, as applicable (including, without limitation, issues of character, ethics, integrity, judgment, professional experience, independence, area of expertise, strategic vision, length of service, potential conflicts of interest, management, accounting and finance expertise, cybersecurity / cyber risk expertise, machine learning, risk management, talent development and other commitments), interest and availability for board service. Our board believes that our board of directors should be a diverse body. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines require our nominating and corporate governance committee to consider a broad range of backgrounds, experiences and diversity (in all aspects of that word), which includes gender and ethnic diversity. Our annual director nomination process is illustrated below.

 

Nominees must also have the ability to offer advice and guidance to our management based on past experience in positions with a high degree of responsibility and be leaders in the companies or institutions with which they are affiliated. Nominees must understand the fiduciary responsibilities that are required of directors and have sufficient time available in the judgment of our nominating and corporate governance committee to perform all board of director and applicable committee responsibilities. Members of our board of directors are expected to prepare for, attend, and participate in all meetings of the board of directors and applicable committees.

Other than the foregoing, there are no stated minimum criteria for director nominees, although our nominating and corporate governance committee may also consider such other factors as it may deem, from time to time, are in our and our stockholders’ best interests. Upon a recommendation from the nominating and corporate governance committee, the board of directors approves the

nomination of director nominees for election at the annual meeting of stockholders. Further, pursuant to the Agreement (as defined below) Silver Lake has the right to designate one nominee on the Company’s slate of nominees for election to the Board. Mr. Durban is the Silver Lake designee on the Company’s slate of nominees for election to the Board. For more information, see the section titled “Agreement with Silver Lake.”

The experiences, qualifications and skills of each of the members of our board of directors with terms expiring at the Annual Meeting (who are also nominees for election as a director at the Annual Meeting) and for each of the continuing members of our board of directors that the board of directors considered in the nomination of such director are included below the directors’ individual biographies on the following pages. The board of directors concluded that each nominee should serve as a director based on the specific experience and attributes listed below and the direct personal knowledge of each nominee’s previous service on the board of directors, including the insight each nominee brings to the board of directors’ functions and deliberations.

All directors who join our board of directors are required to participate in a “bootcamp” event following their appointment, typically before their first board of directors meeting, which is a robust program designed to provide directors with access to a variety of information and resources on key issues affecting our business. Newly appointed directors meet with members of senior management and select members of the board of directors in order to understand our business and operations, and are given an overview of, among other things, our key priorities and strategies, products, teams, financials, and key corporate governance and legal matters. Our bootcamp event is designed to bring our newly appointed directors up to speed quickly on important developments and issues in the context of our business and help them “hit the ground running” with their board of director and committee duties and responsibilities.

Committees: Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Egon Durban has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2020. Mr. Durban is Co-CEO of Silver Lake Technology Management LLC, a global technology investment firm (“Silver Lake”). Mr. Durban joined Silver Lake in 1999 as a founding principal. He is also Chairman of the board of directors of Endeavor Group Holdings, Inc. and serves on the boards of directors of a number of private companies and several public companies, as described below. Previously, Mr. Durban served on the board of directors and was the Chairman of the operating committee of Skype Communications, S.à r.l (acquired by Microsoft Corporation), served on the supervisory board and operating committee of NXP Semiconductors N.V., and served on the board of directors of MultiPlan Corporation. Mr. Durban currently serves on the Business Council and Business Roundtable, nonpartisan organizations of business leaders. Prior to Silver Lake, Mr. Durban worked in Morgan Stanley’s investment banking division. Mr. Durban holds a B.S.B.A. in Finance from Georgetown University.

Skills and Expertise:

Other Public Company Board Service: Qualtrics International Inc., a software company (February 2021 – Present); Endeavor Group Holdings, Inc., a holding company for talent and media agencies (January 2019 – Present); Unity Software Inc., a software company (June 2017 – Present); VMware, Inc., a software company (September 2016 – Present); Motorola Solutions, Inc., a telecommunications company (August 2015 – Present); Dell Technologies, Inc., a provider of information technology products and services (October 2013 − Present), SecureWorks Corp., a cybersecurity company (December 2015 – May 2020); Pivotal Software, Inc., a software company (September 2016 − December 2019).

PATRICK PICHETTE

General Partner at Inovia Capital

Director since 2017, Former Independent Board Chair

Committees: Audit Committee (Chair) and Risk Committee (Ex Officio)

Patrick Pichette has served as a member of our board of directors since December 2017. Since April 2018, Mr. Pichette has served as a general partner at Inovia Capital, a Canadian venture capital firm. From August 2008 until July 2015, Mr. Pichette served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Google Inc., an internet search company (“Google”). From January 2001 until July 2008, Mr. Pichette served as an executive officer of Bell Canada Enterprises Inc., a telecommunications company, including, in his last position, as President, Operations for Bell Canada, and previously as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Executive Vice President of Planning and Performance Management. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Pichette was a principal at McKinsey & Company, a management consulting firm. From 1994 to 1996, he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Call-Net Enterprises Inc., a Canadian telecommunications company. Mr. Pichette holds a M.A. in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from Oxford University, where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar, and a B.A. in Business Administration from Université du Québec à Montréal.

Other Public Company Board Service : Lightspeed POS Inc., a provider of e-commerce and point of sale solutions (September 2018 – Present); Bombardier Inc., a manufacturer of airplanes and trains (October 2013 – November 2017).

PARAG AGRAWAL

Chief Executive Officer of Twitter, Inc.

Director since 2021

Committees: None

Parag Agrawal has served as our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) since November 2021 and as a member of our board of directors since November 2021. Mr. Agrawal served as our Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”) from October 2017 to November 2021. As CTO, he was responsible for the Company's technical strategy, leading work to improve development velocity while advancing the state of machine learning across the Company. Prior to being appointed CEO, since joining Twitter in 2011, Mr. Agrawal had risen to be Twitter's first Distinguished Engineer due to his work across revenue and consumer engineering, including re-accelerating audience growth in 2016 and 2017 and scaling the Company’s advertising systems. Mr. Agrawal holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Stanford University and a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.

Other Public Company Board Service: None

MIMI ALEMAYEHOU

Senior Vice President for Public-Private Partnership at Mastercard Inc.

Director since 2021

Committees: Audit Committee

Mimi Alemayehou has served as a member of the board of directors since June 2021. Since September 2020, Ms. Alemayehou has served as Senior Vice President for Public-Private Partnership at Mastercard Inc. (“Mastercard”). From 2014 until 2020, prior to joining Mastercard, Ms. Alemayehou was the Managing Director and a Board member for investment platform Black Rhino Group, a portfolio company of Blackstone, where she focused on the development and acquisition of energy and infrastructure assets across Africa. Ms. Alemayehou was previously appointed by President Obama to serve as Executive Vice President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) from 2010 to 2014. Prior to OPIC, Ms. Alemayehou was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve as the United States Executive Director on the Board of Directors of the African Development Bank. She received a Distinguished Honor Award for her outstanding service in this role. Ms. Alemayehou has served on the board of FinDev Canada since April 2019 and Climate Real Impact Solutions since August 2020, and on other various private company boards. Ms. Alemayehou holds a B.A. in Business and Marketing from West Texas A&M University and a Masters in International Law and Development from Tufts University.

Other Public Company Board Service: None

OMID KORDESTANI

Former Executive Chairman of Twitter, Inc.

Director since 2015

Committees: Risk Committee (Chair)

Omid Kordestani has served as a member of our board of directors since October 2015. Since March 2022, Mr. Kordestani has served as Chair Designate and a member of the board of directors of Pearson plc, an education company. From October 2015 to June 2020, Mr. Kordestani served as the Executive Chairman of our board of directors. From August 2014 to August 2015, Mr. Kordestani served as Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer at Google. From May 1999 to April 2009, Mr. Kordestani served as Senior Vice President of Global Sales and Business Development at Google. From 1995 to 1999, Mr. Kordestani served as Vice President of Business Development at Netscape Communications Corporation. Prior to joining Netscape Communications Corporation, Mr. Kordestani held positions in business development, product management and marketing at The 3DO Company, Go Corporation and Hewlett-Packard Company. Mr. Kordestani holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from San Jose State University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.

Other Public Company Board Service: Pearson plc, an education company (March 2022 – Present).;

MARTHA LANE FOX

Founder and Chairperson of Lucky Voice Group Ltd.

Director since 2016

Committees: Audit Committee, Compensation Committee (Chair) and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (Chair)

Martha Lane Fox has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2016. Since August 2005, Ms. Lane Fox has served as the Founder and Chairperson of Lucky Voice Group Ltd., a private karaoke company. Since July 2020, Ms. Lane Fox has served as Chair of Wetransfer B.V., a productivity tools business. Since March 2013, Ms. Lane Fox has served as a crossbench peer in the United Kingdom House of Lords.

From 2015 until 2020, Ms. Lane Fox served as the founder and chair of doteveryone.org.uk, an organization advancing the understanding of technology. In March 2014, she was appointed Chancellor of Open University. From 1998 to 2003, Ms. Lane Fox was the Co-Founder and Managing Director of lastminute.com, a travel and leisure website, and remained on the board of directors until 2005. Ms. Lane Fox currently also serves on various private company boards, including Chanel. Ms. Lane Fox holds a B.A. in Ancient History and Modern History from University of Oxford.

Other Public Company Board Service: None

FEI-FEI LI

Professor at Stanford University

Director since 2020

Committees: Compensation Committee and Risk Committee

Fei-Fei Li has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2020. Dr. Li has served on the supervisory board of Bayer AG since May 2021. Since 2012, Dr. Li has served as the inaugural Sequoia Professor in the Computer Science Department at Stanford University, and Co-Director of Stanford’s Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Institute. From 2013 to 2018, Dr. Li served as the Director of Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence Lab. From January 2017 to September 2018, Dr. Li was Vice President, Google Cloud AI and Chief Scientist of AI/Machine Learning at Google Cloud. Dr. Li joined Stanford in 2009 as an assistant professor. Prior to that, from 2007 to 2009, she was on faculty at Princeton University and, from 2005 to 2006 at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Dr. Li is a co-founder and Chairperson of the Board of AI4ALL, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to increasing diverse human representation in the field of AI and technology. Dr. Li is also an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Li holds a B.A. in Physics from Princeton with High Honors and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

Other Public Company Board Service : None

DAVID ROSENBLATT

Chief Executive Officer of 1stdibs.com, Inc.

Director since 2010

Committees: Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

David Rosenblatt has served as a member of our board of directors since December 2010. Since November 2011, Mr. Rosenblatt has served as Chief Executive Officer of 1stdibs.com, Inc., an online luxury marketplace. From October 2008 to May 2009, Mr. Rosenblatt served as President of Global Display Advertising at Google. Mr. Rosenblatt joined Google in March 2008 in connection with Google’s acquisition of DoubleClick, Inc., a provider of digital marketing technology and services. Mr. Rosenblatt joined DoubleClick in 1997 as part of its initial management team and served in several executive positions during his tenure, including as Chief Executive Officer from July 2005 to March 2008 and President from 2000 to July 2005. Mr. Rosenblatt holds a B.A. in East Asian Studies from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.

Other Public Company Board Service: 1stdibs.com, Inc. (November 2011 – Present); IAC/InterActiveCorp, a media and internet company (December 2008 – Present).

BRET TAYLOR

Vice Chair of the Board and Co- Chief Executive Officer of Salesforce , Inc.

Director since 2016, Independent Board Chair since 2021

Committees: None.

Bret Taylor has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2016 and as Independent Board Chair since November 2021. Since November 2021, Mr. Taylor has served as Vice Chair of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officer of S alesforce , I nc., a customer relationship management company (“Salesforce”). From December 2019 until November 2021, Mr. Taylor served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of Salesforce. Prior to assuming this role, Mr. Taylor had served as President and Chief Product Officer of Salesforce since November 2017. From September 2012 to November 2017, Mr. Taylor served as the Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Quip, Inc., a productivity software company (acquired by Salesforce). From August 2009 to July 2012, Mr. Taylor served as Chief Technology Officer of Facebook, Inc. From October 2007 to August 2009, Mr. Taylor served as the Chief Executive Officer of FriendFeed, Inc., a social network. From June 2007 to September 2007, Mr. Taylor served as an entrepreneur-in-residence at Benchmark, a venture capital firm, where he co-founded FriendFeed, Inc. Prior to June 2007, Mr. Taylor served as Group Product Manager at Google, where he co-created Google Maps and the Google Maps API. Mr. Taylor holds a B.S. and a M.S. in Computer Science from Stanford University.

Other Public Company Board Service : Salesforce , I nc., a customer relationship management company (November 2021 – Present); Axon Enterprise, Inc. (f/k/a TASER International, Inc.), a protection technologies company (June 2014 – June 2019).

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE. Under the listing standards of the NYSE, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors. In addition, the listing standards of the NYSE require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation, and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the listing standards of the NYSE, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that listed company’s board of directors, that director has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company) and such director does not have specified relationships with the company.

In addition, audit committee members must satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the listing standards of the NYSE. Compensation committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act and the listing standards of the NYSE.

Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of our directors. Based on information provided by each director concerning their background, employment and affiliations, our board of directors has determined that Mses. Alemayehou and Lane Fox, Dr. Li, and Messrs. Durban, Pichette, Rosenblatt, Taylor and Zoellick are “independent” as that term is defined under the listing standards of the NYSE. Mr. Cohn, a former member of our board of directors who served as a director in 2021, was also independent during the time he served on our board of directors. As discussed below, all members of our audit and compensation committees also satisfy the heightened independence standards applicable to those committees. In making these determinations, our board of directors considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including in assessing the materiality of a director’s relationship with the company, considering the issue from the standpoint of the organizations with which the director has an affiliation, and the transactions involving them described in the section titled “Related Person Transactions.”

On March 9, 2020, we entered into an agreement (the “Agreement”) with funds affiliated with Silver Lake (collectively, “Silver Lake”). The Agreement includes provisions regarding various matters agreed amongst the parties thereto including, but not limited to, the appointment of directors, procedures for determining replacements for the newly appointed directors, voting commitments, “standstills” restricting certain conduct and activities during the periods specified in the Agreement, non-disparagement, restrictions on comments or influence regarding any Twitter policies or rules, or policy or rule enforcement decisions, and other items that are addressed separately in the Agreement. A description of the Agreement and a copy thereof are included in a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2020. Pursuant to the Agreement, Egon Durban was appointed to our board of directors on March 12, 2020 and has been designated by Silver Lake as a nominee at the Annual Meeting.

On April 4, 2022, we entered into an agreement with Elon Musk (the “Letter Agreement”). The Letter Agreement provided for Mr. Musk’s appointment to our board of directors as a Class II director and provides that, for so long as Mr. Musk is serving on our board of directors and for 90 days thereafter, Mr. Musk will not, either alone or as a member of a group, become the beneficial owner of more than 14.9% of our common stock outstanding at such time, including for these purposes economic exposure through derivative securities, swaps, or hedging transactions. A description of the Letter Agreement and a copy thereof are included in a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2022. On April 9, 2022, Mr. Musk informed us that we would not be joining our board of directors.

Since November 2021, Bret Taylor has served as the Independent Board Chair of our board of directors, replacing Patrick Pichette who had served as our Independent Board Chair since June 2020. Our Independent Board Chair enhances independent oversight of management and the board. As our Independent Board Chair, Mr. Taylor is responsible for calling separate sessions of the independent directors, setting the agenda, serving as chairperson of meetings of directors, providing feedback to the company’s CEO regarding the executive sessions, serving as spokesperson for the company as requested, and performing such other responsibilities as may be designated by a majority of the independent directors from time to time.

Mr. Dorsey, one of our founders and former CEO, stepped down as CEO effective November 29, 2021 and will leave our board of directors when his term expires at the Annual Meeting. Consistent with our board of directors’ succession plan, Parag Agrawal was appointed as CEO and as a member of our board of directors, effective November 29, 2021.

We regularly evaluate our Board leadership structure and seek feedback on the structure from shareholders. At this time, we believe that our board leadership structure of a separate Independent Board Chair and CEO enables these roles to focus on different aspects of the company while providing strong oversight and further reinforces the overall independence of our board of directors.

We have an active and engaged board of directors that is committed to fulfilling its fiduciary duty to act in good faith in the best interests of our company and our stockholders. During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, our board of directors held 15 meetings (including regularly scheduled and special meetings), and each director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of our board of directors held during the period for which they have been a director and (ii) the total number of meetings held by all committees of our board of directors on which they served during the periods that they served.

Although we do not have a formal policy regarding attendance by members of our board of directors at annual meetings of stockholders, we encourage, but do not require, our directors to attend. Two directors attended our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders.

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and a risk committee. The composition and responsibilities of each of the committees of our board of directors is described below. Members will serve on these committees until their resignation or until as otherwise determined by our board of directors.

Our audit committee consists of Mses. Alemayehou and Lane Fox and Mr. Pichette, with Mr. Pichette serving as chairperson. Each of our audit committee members meets the requirements for independence for audit committee members under the listing standards of the NYSE and SEC rules and regulations, and the financial literacy requirements of the listing standards of the NYSE. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Mses. Alemayehou and Lane Fox and Mr. Pichette are audit committee financial experts within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”). Among other responsibilities, our audit committee:

Our audit committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. A copy of the charter of our audit committee is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. During fiscal 2021, our audit committee held five meetings.

Our compensation committee consists of Ms. Lane Fox, Dr. Li and Mr. Rosenblatt, with Ms. Lane Fox serving as chairperson. Each of our compensation committee members meets the requirements for independence for compensation committee members under the listing standards of the NYSE and SEC rules and regulations. Each member of our compensation committee is also a non-employee director under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

Among other responsibilities, our compensation committee:

Our compensation committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. A copy of the charter of our compensation committee is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. During fiscal 2021, our compensation committee held four meetings.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Messrs. Durban and Rosenblatt and Ms. Lane Fox, with Ms. Lane Fox serving as chairperson. Each of our nominating and corporate governance committee members meets the requirements for independence under the listing standards of the NYSE.

Among other responsibilities, our nominating and corporate governance committee:

Our nominating and corporate governance committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable listing standards of the NYSE. A copy of the charter of our nominating and corporate governance committee is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. During fiscal 2021, our nominating and corporate governance committee held seven meetings.

Our risk committee consists of Messrs. Kordestani and Zoellick and Dr. Li, with Mr. Kordestani serving as chairperson and Mr. Pichette as Ex Officio. Mr. Zoellick, who will not stand for re-election at the Annual Meeting, will remain a member of the risk committee until the Annual Meeting. Each of our risk committee members is a non-management director and, except for Mr. Kordestani, meets the requirements for independence under the listing standards of the NYSE rules.

Among other responsibilities, the risk committee:

The risk committee has broad oversight over non-financial compliance matters, including those relating to enterprise-wide risks. The audit committee retains all authority required by the NYSE rules with regard to risk oversight.

Our risk committee operates under a written charter. A copy of the charter of our risk committee is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. Our risk committee was formed in February 2021 and during fiscal 2021 held four meetings.

Our Bylaws provide for majority voting and our Corporate Governance Guidelines set forth the related director resignation policy for our director nominees. Our Bylaws state that to be elected in an uncontested election, a nominee must receive a majority of the votes cast with respect to such nominee (i.e., the number of shares voted “For” a nominee must exceed the number of shares voted

“Against” for that nominee). Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, each nominee submits, in advance of their nomination, an irrevocable resignation that will become effective if (i) the nominee fails to receive the required vote at the Annual Meeting and (ii) the board of directors accepts the resignation. The nominating and corporate governance committee promptly considers whether to accept the resignation of any nominee who fails to receive the required number of votes for election and submits such recommendation for consideration by the board of directors. In deciding whether to accept or reject the resignation, the nominating and corporate governance committee and the board of directors will consider any factors they deem relevant. Any nominee who tenders their resignation pursuant to our Corporate Governance Guidelines may not participate in the nominating and corporate governance committee recommendation or board of directors action regarding whether to accept the resignation offer.

Through this policy, the board of directors seeks to be accountable to all stockholders and respects the rights of stockholders to express their views through their votes for nominees. However, the board of directors also deems it important to preserve sufficient flexibility to make sound evaluations based on the relevant circumstances in the event a nominee fails to receive a majority of the votes cast with respect to such nominee. For example, the board of directors may wish to assess whether the sudden resignation of one or more directors would materially impair the effective functioning of the board of directors. The board of directors’ policy is intended to allow the board of directors to react to situations that could arise if the resignation of multiple directors would prevent a key committee from achieving a quorum or if a resignation would otherwise impair the functioning of the committee. The policy also would allow the board of directors to assess whether a director was targeted for reasons unrelated to their performance as a director at the company. The policy requires that our nominating and corporate governance committee and our board of directors act promptly to consider a director nominee’s resignation.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected at the end of the applicable notice period set forth in Section 2.4 of Article II of our Bylaws (e.g., a contested election) the majority voting with director resignation policy shall not apply and instead nominees shall be elected by a plurality vote of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at an annual meeting and entitled to vote thereon.

Full details of our majority voting with director resignation policy for nominees are set forth in our Bylaws and our Corporate Governance Guidelines, available at https://investor.twitterinc.com.

Our board of directors and each of its committees conduct annual self-evaluations to determine whether they are functioning effectively and whether any changes are necessary to improve their performance. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for establishing the evaluation criteria and implementing the process for the evaluation. Every year we conduct interviews of each director to obtain their assessment of the effectiveness of the board of directors and the committees, individual director performance and board of directors’ dynamics. Our Independent Board Chair and our Chief Legal Officer then report the results of these interviews at meetings of the nominating and corporate governance committee and our board of directors, where the results are discussed. In addition, the chair of each committee guides an annual committee self-evaluation discussion among the committee members. The results of the committee self-evaluations are also reported to our board of directors for review and discussion.

governance committee will evaluate such recommendations in accordance with its charter, our Bylaws, our policies and procedures for director nominees, as well as the regular director nominee criteria described above. This process is designed to ensure that our board of directors includes members with diverse backgrounds, skills and experience, including appropriate financial and other expertise relevant to our business.

Eligible stockholders wishing to recommend a candidate for nomination should contact our General Counsel in writing at Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103. Such recommendations must include information about the candidate, a statement of support by the recommending stockholder, evidence of the recommending stockholder’s ownership of our common stock and a signed letter from the candidate confirming willingness to serve on our board of directors. Our nominating and corporate governance committee has discretion to decide which individuals to recommend for nomination as directors.

Under our Bylaws, stockholders may also nominate persons for our board of directors. Any nomination must comply with the requirements set forth in our Bylaws and should be sent in writing to our Secretary at Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103. To be timely for our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, our Secretary must receive the nomination no earlier than January 26, 2023 and no later than February 25, 2023.

Interested parties wishing to communicate with our board of directors or with an individual member or members of our board of directors may do so by writing to our board of directors or to the particular member or members of our board of directors, as applicable, and mailing the correspondence to our General Counsel at Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103.

Each communication should set forth (i) the name and address of the stockholder, as it appears in our records, and if the shares of our common stock are held by a nominee, the name and address of the beneficial owner of such shares, and (ii) the number of shares of our common stock that are owned of record by the record holder and beneficially by the beneficial owner.

Our General Counsel, in consultation with appropriate members of our board of directors as necessary, will review all incoming communications and, if appropriate, such communications will be forwarded to the appropriate member or members of our board of directors, or if none is specified, to our Independent Board Chair.

We are committed to good corporate governance, which promotes the long-term interests of our stockholders and strengthens our board of directors and management accountability and helps build public trust in Twitter.

We provide a Governance Resources page on our Investor Relations website, which includes information regarding our commitment to corporate responsibility and sustainability. We also publish our Twitter Transparency Report on a biannual basis, which includes detailed information and highlights trends regarding topics including Twitter Rules enforcement, platform manipulation, and legal requests. We also maintain our Twitter Privacy Center to provide more clarity around what we are doing to protect the information people share with us. In 2021, we released our first Global Impact Report, which was prepared to highlight information regarding our ESG programs. Each of these is available on our Investor Relations website.

We regularly monitor developments in the area of corporate governance and review our processes and procedures in light of such developments. As part of those efforts, we review federal laws affecting corporate governance, as well as rules adopted by the SEC and the NYSE and we consider industry best practices for corporate governance. We believe that we have in place corporate governance procedures and practices that are designed to enhance our stockholders’ interests.

In 2021, the board of directors adopted and implemented certain corporate governance modifications, including updates to our Corporate Governance Guidelines and certain board committee charters, board and employee policies, and disclosure procedures. These reforms are designed to lead to greater risk oversight, an increased focus on board independence, diversity, and training, and enhanced controls and disclosures.

 

 

We believe that effective corporate governance should include regular, constructive conversations with our stockholders. Certain members of our board of directors and members of our executive team have engaged with stockholders directly throughout the year. Our board of directors has also directed our management team to seek and encourage feedback from stockholders about our corporate governance practices by conducting additional stockholder outreach and engagement throughout the year. During the past fiscal year, our management team reached out to our top institutional investors collectively holding approximately 49% of our shares outstanding and met with institutional investors holding approximately 36% of our shares outstanding to discuss our corporate governance and executive compensation programs and to answer questions and elicit feedback. These engagement efforts with our stockholders were shared with the full board of directors and allowed us to better understand our stockholders’ priorities and perspectives, and provided us with useful input concerning our compensation and corporate governance practices, including health and safety, risk management, ESG and human capital management.

While we do not expect that we will be able to address all of our stockholders’ feedback, we seek to optimize our corporate governance by continually refining our relevant policies, procedures and practices to align the needs of the company with evolving regulations and best practices, issues raised by our stockholders, and otherwise as circumstances warrant. We believe that our actions advanced our compensation practices and governance in a manner responsive to the input we received from our stockholders and in a manner appropriate for our company. We will continue to review our compensation and governance practices and engage in significant dialogue with our stockholders going forward.

Our board of directors has adopted our Corporate Governance Guidelines that address items such as:

In addition, our board of directors has adopted our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and other executive and senior financial officers, that addresses items such as:

The full text of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on the Corporate Governance portion of our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. We will post any amendments to our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and any waivers of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors and executive officers on the same website.

Risk is inherent with every business, and we face a number of risks, including strategic, financial, business and operational, legal and compliance, and reputational. We have designed and implemented processes to manage such risks. Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks the company faces, while our board of directors, as a whole and assisted by its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In its risk oversight role, our board of directors has the responsibility to satisfy itself that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are appropriate and functioning as designed.

Our board of directors believes that open communication between management and our board of directors is essential for effective risk management and oversight. Our board of directors meets with our Chief Executive Officer and other members of the senior management team at quarterly meetings of our board of directors, where, among other topics, they discuss strategy and risks facing the company, as well at such other times as they deemed appropriate. Oversight of human capital management is an important role of our board of directors. Management updates our board of directors at least annually on our human capital management initiatives and progress. In addition, cybersecurity is a critical part of risk management at Twitter. Management regularly engages with our full board of directors and our audit and risk committees on Twitter’s information security program and its related priorities and controls.

In 2021, our board of directors formed a risk committee to explore, evaluate, consider, review and (if applicable) make recommendations to the board regarding the company’s risk management infrastructure, framework and activities and periodically

review major risk exposures and the steps taken to monitor and control these exposures, with particular responsibility for overseeing designated areas of risk that are not the primary responsibility of another committee of the board, or retained by the board’s direct oversight, including ESG. For further information about the Risk Committee, see the section entitled “Board Meetings and Committees – Risk Committee.”

While our board of directors is ultimately responsible for risk oversight, our board committees assist our board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities in certain areas of risk, as summarized below. In addition, our full board of directors reviews strategic and operational risk in the context of reports from the management team, receives reports on all significant committee activities at each regular meeting, and evaluates the risks inherent in significant transactions.

Our board of directors believes that the directors and the Chief Executive Officer should collaborate on succession planning and that the entire board should be involved in the critical aspects of the succession planning process, including establishing selection criteria that reflect our business strategies, identifying and evaluating potential internal candidates, reviewing the company’s leadership pipeline and talent strategies, and making management succession decisions. The same management succession planning was applied when Mr. Dorsey stepped down as Chief Executive Officer and Mr. Agrawal was appointed by our board of directors as his successor and as a member of our board of directors, effective November 29, 2021. Management succession is discussed at least annually in board meetings and in executive sessions of the board of directors.

The nominating and corporate governance committee has the primary responsibility to develop succession plans for the company’s management team, which it then presents and makes recommendations on to the full board of directors. Our board of directors’ and our nominating and corporate governance committee’s involvement in our annual succession planning process is outlined in our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the charter of our nominating and corporate governance committee available at https://investor.twitterinc.com.

In light of the critical importance of executive leadership to our success, we have a succession planning process. This process is focused on key leaders, including our Chief Executive Officer. Periodically, the full board of directors reviews these succession plans and any findings and recommendations as to succession in the event of each key officer’s termination of employment for any reason (including death or disability).

Our Chief Executive Officer provides an annual review to the board of directors assessing our key officers. This review includes a discussion about development plans for the company’s key officers to help prepare them for future succession, contingency plans and our Chief Executive Officer’s recommendation as to his successor.

We believe the strength of our workforce is critical to our success as we strive to become a more inclusive and diverse technology company. People come to Twitter to freely express themselves. Just as inclusion lives on our platform, we are working to ensure our workplace reflects our service. In 2020, we introduced our vision for our workforce representation: an objective that by 2025, we aspire to have at least half of our global workforce represented by women and at least a quarter of our U.S. workforce represented by historically-excluded and/or under-represented communities. In 2021, we continued to work toward that objective. We accompanied our vision with a strategy to help drive progress, including:

We have made significant progress towards our inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility objectives through leadership, transparency and accountability. In 2021, we focused on equity across every stage of our employee lifecycle: recruitment and hiring, onboarding, compensation and pay transparency, learning and development, and our work cultivating an inclusive environment across teams and regional geographies with our Business Resource Groups at the center. For example, our public Inclusion, Diversity, Equity and Accessibility annual report highlights the results of our annual pay equity analysis, which showed that employees are paid equitably across Twitter. As we continue to learn, we also evolved our vision to more impactfully integrate accessibility and equity into our work and merged the Inclusion and Diversity (I&D) and Accessibility teams into a new Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, & Accessibility team to reflect this commitment.

Our board of directors also values inclusion and diversity when it seeks and evaluates board candidates. As described above in the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Considerations in Evaluating Director Nominees,” our Corporate Governance

Guidelines require our nominating and corporate governance committee to consider a broad range of backgrounds, experiences and diversity (in all aspects of that word), including gender and ethnic diversity, as well as differences in professional background, education, skill, and other individual qualities and attributes that contribute to the total mix of viewpoints and experience represented on our board of directors. When identifying new board candidates we will continue to focus on candidates that reflect the diversity of the Twitter service. We believe our recently appointed directors reflect our commitment to this philosophy.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee is in the process of identifying new independent directors for appointment to our board of directors consistent with our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our interest in continuing to enhance the diversity of our board of directors.

On the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, each of our non-employee directors is granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) having an award value of $225,000, but the grant date fair value varies as noted below in the section titled “Director Compensation for 2021”. The shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vest in quarterly installments beginning on the first quarter following the date of grant (on the same day of the month as the date of grant) but will vest in full on the date of the next annual meeting of stockholders if not fully vested on such date, subject to continued service through each vesting date. Directors who are appointed mid-year receive a pro-rated RSU grant based on the number of months between their appointment date and the date of our next annual meeting of stockholders.

As of the date of this proxy statement, all non-employee directors who hold unvested equity awards would be subject to accelerated vesting if their services were to be terminated in connection with a change of control of the company.

Our non-employee directors may elect to receive any cash fees that they would otherwise be entitled to receive under our Outside Director Compensation Policy in the form of additional RSUs. Such election must be made no later than two weeks prior to the date of the annual meeting of stockholders on which the annual grant of RSUs described above will be made and the value of the RSUs granted at such annual meeting of stockholders will be increased by the amount of fees that would have otherwise been paid in cash. Messrs. Durban, Rosenblatt and Taylor elected to take $60,000, $70,000 and $70,000, respectively, of their cash fees in RSUs in 2021.

The ratification of the appointment of PwC as our independent registered public accounting firm requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP.

Twitter is committed to creating and maintaining a positive and inclusive workplace. We maintain clear policies supporting employees’ rights. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (Code of Conduct) is the foundation for compliance training and awareness programs. As part of employee onboarding, all new employees receive our Code of Conduct, complete mandatory training, and certify they understand and will comply with our Code of Conduct.

We undertake a periodic review of our various employment agreements and adapt them to comply with local laws in each of the countries in which we have employees. We believe the existing agreements sufficiently capture the principle behind the shareholder proposal.

Our Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement (EIACA) is an agreement that all employees are required to sign at time of hire; we create a local version to comply with local law for each country. Although our EIACA requires employees to maintain confidentiality of Company confidential and proprietary information, it includes an exception for the types of disclosures requested by the shareholder proposal, and does not limit discussion of terms, wages, and other conditions of employment as protected by applicable law.

Employees have multiple resources and avenues to raise concerns and are encouraged to do so. Our Code of Conduct encourages employees to speak up and raise concerns if they observe any concerning behavior that may represent a violation of the law, Twitter policy or our Code and provides several options to employees for raising those issues internally. Additionally, for concerns that are sensitive or employees feel are not being adequately addressed, our Twitter Ethics Helpline is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and allows the ability to remain anonymous to the extent allowed by local law.

For the above reasons, our board of directors believes that this proposal is unnecessary and not in the best interests of Twitter or our stockholders, and recommends that you vote “AGAINST” this proposal.

The approval of this Proposal No. 5 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “AGAINST” PROPOSAL NO. 5

Arjuna Capital, 1 Elm Street, Manchester, MA 01944, has given notice of its intention to present the proposal below at the Annual Meeting and has represented that, as of January 4, 2021, it had continuously held shares of our common stock with a value of at least $2,000 for at least one year, has continuously maintained a minimum investment of least $2,000 from such date through the date of its proposal, and intends to continue to hold at least $2,000 of such securities through the date of the Annual Meeting. The proposal and the proponent’s supporting statement appear below.

The board of directors opposes adoption of the proposal and asks stockholders to review our opposition statement, which follows the proponent’s proposal and supporting statement.

WHEREAS, Shareholders believe Twitter requires expert, board level oversight of civil and human rights issues to assess risk and develop strategy to avoid causing or contributing to widespread violations of human or civil rights, such as voter suppression, disinformation and hate campaigns, or violence.

Twitter reports “…if we are not able to address user concerns regarding the safety and security of our products and services or if we are unable to successfully prevent or mitigate…abusive…behavior on our platform, the size of our engaged user base may decline.”

Civil rights advocates have criticized Twitter for ineffectively addressing racism, sexism, and hate speech. Henry Fernandez, Center for American Progress, says, “The muted efforts of giant social media companies to address racial violence and hate crimes perpetrated via their platforms have had terrible consequences,” noting “white nationalist rhetoric being fueled on social media leading to real-world violence including mass killings in El Paso, Texas; Gilroy, California; and, Christchurch, New Zealand.” The January 2021 insurrection was also largely a result of violent rhetoric, misinformation, and organizing on Twitter.

Last year, Lauren Underwood, Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Innovation called out Twitter’s use by organizations attempting to silence Black voters, requesting disclosure of “measures put in place to counter voter suppression, interference, and disinformation targeting Black voters.” A Senate report on Russia’s election interference using social media platforms concluded, “No single group of Americans was targeted by information operatives more than African-Americans.”

Ranking Digital Rights reports: “Facebook, Google (Youtube), and Twitter lack oversight and risk assessment mechanisms that could help them identify and mitigate the ways that their platforms can be used by malicious actors to organize and incite violence or manipulate public opinion.” Amnesty International’s 2021 Twitter Scorecard states, “For many women and nonbinary persons, Twitter is a platform where violence and abuse against them flourishes, often with little accountability.” Amnesty found 23 percent of women experienced abuse or harassment at least once on Twitter. While Twitter claims to have enhanced safety and privacy measures, 82 percent of women believe Twitter remains the “same” or “worse” at addressing hateful and abusive content.

As fiduciaries, our Board is responsible for stewardship of business performance and must effectively manage risk factors like violations of human and civil rights. Strategic Management Journal reports “misalignment between the board’s expertise and the firm’s future risks has negative implications for firm performance.” Amidst civil and human rights controversies, Twitter’s stock price has risen approximately 10 percent since its IPO, compared to a 167 percent rise of the S&P 500.

RESOLVED, Shareholders request that Twitter’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee nominate for the next Board election at least one candidate who: (a) has high level of human and/or civil rights experience and is widely recognized as such as determined by the Board, and (b) will qualify as an independent director within the standards of the New York Stock Exchange.

Our board of directors takes tremendous care in ensuring the skills and experiences represented on our Board align with the needs of the business. As described above in the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Considerations in Evaluating Director Nominees,” our Corporate Governance Guidelines require our nominating and corporate governance committee to consider a broad range of backgrounds, experiences and diversity (in all aspects of that word), including differences in professional background, education, skill, and other individual qualities and attributes that contribute to the total mix of viewpoints and experience represented on our board of directors. Given our policies and ongoing efforts to ensure that the composition of the Board appropriately reflects the needs of our business, we do not believe it is in stockholders best interests to specifically add a Board member that only represents a specific and narrow role on our Board.

We have a Human Rights team at Twitter who think through and work on human rights issues for the company every day, and we have established a Civil Rights Task Force. We also look to outside experts—safety advocates, academics and researchers, public comment periods, expert organizations, and community groups—to help us evaluate our products, policies, and programs. Much of this work happens through the Twitter Trust and Safety Council, its issue-specific advisory groups, and special ad-hoc groups that

convene on certain topics. Those topics include Online Safety and Harassment, Human and Digital Rights, Child Sexual Exploitation, Suicide Prevention and Mental Health, and Dehumanization. Additionally, we regularly partner with organizations around the world that provide operational and educational support, tools, and resources to keep people on Twitter safe.

Whether it’s child protection or countering violent extremism online, we increasingly work with our peers to advance our efforts to protect the public conversation. From the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism to the Santa Clara Principles, the Technology Coalition, the Christchurch Call and the Digital Trust and Safety Partnership, these cross-functional spaces allow collaboration, provide best practice advice, and ensure we are providing feedback to growing companies on how they can build their efforts to keep people safe. In 2021 we published our first Global Impact Report that addresses a number of the proponent’s concerns and describes the steps that have been taken to address violations of human and/or civil rights. We believe the details outlined in our Global Impact Report demonstrate the continuing success of our health and safety measures and our commitment to improving them even further.

Promoting healthy conversation is built into every facet of Twitter’s culture, including our product and policy implementation and design. From our work to prevent dehumanizing speech, to the ways in which we leverage tech to tackle abuse, and our work with industry peers to counter terrorism, the impact we have made in these areas continues to grow and evolve as the public conversation around us does too. Using a combination of product, technology, and human review, we are scaling our efforts and the level of sophistication at the Tweet and account level to be able to take more and more proactive action to reduce the burden on our customers.

Security and privacy are also critical components of our risk management, with our Risk and Audit Committees having responsibility for oversight of risks related to these areas. Our management team regularly engages with our full board of directors and our Risk Committee regarding our security and privacy programs and their related priorities and controls. We believe we have sufficient board level oversight to assess risk and develop strategies to avoid causing or contributing to widespread violations of human or civil rights.

For the above reasons, our board of directors believes that this proposal is not in the best interests of Twitter or our stockholders, and recommends that you vote “AGAINST” this proposal.

The approval of this Proposal No. 6 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “AGAINST” PROPOSAL NO. 6

National Center for Public Policy Research, 20 F Street, NW Suite 700, Washington, DC 20001, has given notice of its intention to present the proposal below at the Annual Meeting and has represented that it has been the beneficial owner of at least $2,000 in market value of Twitter’s common stock for at least three years and intends to continue to hold at least $2,000 of such securities through the date of the Annual Meeting. The proposal and the proponent’s supporting statement appear below.

The board of directors opposes adoption of the proposal and asks stockholders to review our opposition statement, which follows the proponent’s proposal and supporting statement.

RESOLVED, Shareholders of Twitter, Inc. (“the Company”) request that the Board of Directors commission an audit analyzing the Company's impacts on civil rights and non-discrimination, and the impacts of those issues on the Company's business. The audit may, in the Board's discretion, be conducted by an independent and unbiased third party with input from civil rights organizations, public-interest litigation groups, employees and other stakeholders - of a wide spectrum of viewpoints and perspectives. A report on the audit, prepared at reasonable cost and omitting confidential or proprietary information, should be publicly disclosed on the Company's website.

SUPPORTING STATEMENT

Tremendous public attention has focused recently on workplace and employment practices. All agree that employee success should be fostered and that no employees should face discrimination, but there is much disagreement about what non discrimination means.

Concern stretches across the ideological spectrum. Some have pressured companies to adopt “anti-racism” programs that seek to establish “racial/social equity,” which appears to mean the distribution of pay and authority on the basis of race, sex, orientation and ethnic categories rather than by merit.¹ Where adopted, however, such programs raise significant objection, including concern that, e.g., “anti-racist” programs are themselves deeply racist and otherwise discriminatory.²

Many companies have been found to be sponsoring and promoting overtly and implicitly discriminatory programs, including Bank of America, American Express, Verizon, Pfizer and CVS.³ New Twitter policies and CEO comments raise similar concerns.⁴

This disagreement and controversy create massive reputational, legal and financial risk. If the Company is, in the name of equity, diversity and inclusion, committing illegal or unconscionable discrimination against employees deemed “non-diverse,” then the Company will suffer in myriad ways - all of them both unforgivable and avoidable.

In developing the audit and report, the Company should consult civil-rights and public-interest law groups - but it must not compound error with bias by relying only on left-leaning organizations. Rather, it should consult groups across the spectrum of

viewpoints. This includes right-leaning civil-rights groups representing people of color, such as the Woodson Centers⁵ and Project 21,⁶ and groups that defend the rights and liberties of all Americans, not merely the ones that many companies label “diverse.” All Americans have civil rights; to behave otherwise is to invite disaster.

Similarly, when including employees in its audit, the Company must allow employees to speak freely without fear of reprisal or disfavor, and in confidential ways. Too many employers have established company stances that themselves chill contributions from employees who disagree with the company's asserted positions, and then have pretended that the employees who have been empowered by the companies' partisan positioning represent the true and only voice of all employees. This by itself creates a deeply hostile workplace for some groups of employees, and is both immoral and likely illegal.

We are fully committed to providing a work environment in which everyone is afforded the dignity and respect that they deserve. We prohibit any form of harassment or discrimination on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, religion, color, sex, (including pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, or related medical conditions), gender (including gender identity, gender expression, or transgender status), sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, covered veteran status, disability, and any other basis prohibited by applicable law. We have a global Employee Relations team of experienced workplace investigators that help ensure that our employees are consistently treated in a fair and respectful manner. They champion principles of civility, equity, and accountability across Twitter and provide a neutral forum to raise concerns without fear of retaliation. In 2021, we launched our Ombuds Program, which provides employees with a confidential, neutral, informal and independent resource to talk through work issues, get coached and discover resources with the goal of resolving issues.

We believe the strength of our workforce is critical to our success as we strive to become a more inclusive, diverse, and accessible technology company. Our key human capital management objectives are to attract, retain, and develop the talent we need to deliver on our commitment to serve the public conversation in a safe and responsible way.

We have made significant progress towards our inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility objectives through leadership, transparency and accountability. In 2021, we focused on equity across every stage of our employee lifecycle: recruitment and hiring, onboarding, compensation and pay transparency, learning and development, and our work cultivating an inclusive environment across teams and regional geographies with our Business Resource Groups at the center. For example, our public Inclusion, Diversity, Equity and Accessibility annual report highlights the results of our annual pay equity analysis, which showed that employees are paid equitably across Twitter. As we continue to learn, we also evolved our vision to more impactfully integrate accessibility and equity into our work and merged the Inclusion and Diversity (I&D) and Accessibility teams into a new Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, & Accessibility team to reflect this commitment.

Our Respectful Workplace Policy is the equivalent of an equal employment opportunity policy. It prohibits discrimination, harassment, and retaliation on any protected characteristic, which includes gender, disability, age, sex, sexual orientation, race, religion, ancestry, religion, genetic or medical information, marital status, or status as a victim of domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking, in all employment decisions. This includes unequal treatment in hiring, job assignments, benefits/compensation, promotion, and dismissal on the basis of that Protected Characteristic.

For the above reasons, our board of directors believes that this proposal is not in the best interests of Twitter or our stockholders, and recommends that you vote “AGAINST” this proposal.

The approval of this Proposal No. 7 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “AGAINST” PROPOSAL NO. 7

The New York State Common Retirement Fund and the Administrative Head of the New York State and Local Retirement System, 110 State Street, Albany, New York 12236, has given notice of its intention to present the proposal below at the Annual Meeting and has represented that it has been the beneficial owner of at least $25,000 in market value of Twitter’s common stock continually for over one year and intends to continue to hold at least $25,000 worth of such securities through the date of the Annual Meeting. The proposal and the proponent’s supporting statement appear below.

The board of directors opposes adoption of the proposal and asks stockholders to review our opposition statement, which follows the proponent’s proposal and supporting statement.

RESOLVED, that the shareholders of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “Company”) hereby request that the Company provide a report, updated semiannually, disclosing the Company's:

The report shall be presented to the board of directors or relevant board committee and posted on the Company's website within 12 months from the date of the annual meeting. This proposal does not encompass lobbying spending.

SUPPORTING STATEMENT

As long-term shareholders of Twitter, we support transparency and accountability in corporate electoral spending. This includes any activity considered intervention in a political campaign under the Internal Revenue Code, such as direct and indirect contributions to political candidates, parties, or organizations, and independent expenditures or electioneering communications on behalf of federal, state, or local candidates.

Disclosure is in the best interest of the company and its shareholders. The Supreme Court recognized this in its 2010 Citizens United decision, which said, “[D]isclosure permits citizens and shareholders to react to the speech of corporate entities in a proper way. This transparency enables the electorate to make informed decisions and give proper weight to different speakers and messages.”

Relying on publicly available data does not provide a complete picture of our company's electoral spending. For example, the Company's payments to trade associations or other tax-exempt groups that may be used for election-related activities are undisclosed and unknown. This proposal asks our Company to disclose all of its electoral spending, including payments to trade associations and other tax-exempt organizations, which may be used for electoral purposes. This would bring our Company in line with a growing number of leading companies, including Electronic Arts Inc., Intuit Inc., and PayPal Holdings Inc., which present this information on their websites.

The Company's Board and shareholders need comprehensive disclosure to fully evaluate the use of corporate assets in elections. We urge your support for this critical governance reform.

Twitter does not engage in political campaign giving of any kind and closed its PAC in 2020. We have even taken the additional step of not allowing political advertising on our platform as announced in 2019. Our global public policy work is focused on protecting and defending a free and open internet. To read more about our Global Public Policy work, visit twitter.com/policy.

Given Twitter’s policies and public stances to not engage in political campaigning, the cost associated with additional reporting beyond what is already produced would be an unnecessary expenditure and any cost would far exceed any perceived advantage. In addition, preparing a report would necessarily divert important resources from alternate endeavors that the board and management deem to be in the best interests of Twitter and its stockholders.

For the above reasons, our board of directors believes that this proposal is not in the best interests of Twitter or our stockholders, and recommends that you vote “AGAINST” this proposal.

The approval of this Proposal No. 8 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “AGAINST” PROPOSAL NO. 8

The National Legal and Policy Center, 107 Park Washington Court, Falls Church, Virginia 22046, has given notice of its intention to present the proposal below at the Annual Meeting and has represented that it has been the beneficial owner of at least $2,000 in market value of Twitter’s common stock continually for over one year and intends to continue to hold at least $2,000 worth of such securities through the date of the Annual Meeting. The proposal and the proponent’s supporting statement appear below.

The board of directors opposes adoption of the proposal and asks stockholders to review our opposition statement, which follows the proponent’s proposal and supporting statement.

RESOLVED, that the shareholders of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “Company”) provide a full, detailed disclosure of our company's direct and indirect lobbying activities and expenditures to assess whether our lobbying is consistent with Company's expressed goals and in shareholders' best interests. Shareholders request the Board prepare a report, updated annually, disclosing:

For purposes of this proposal, a “grassroots lobbying communication” is a communication directed to the general public that (a) refers to specific legislation or regulation; (b) reflects a view on the legislation or regulation; and (c) encourages the recipient of the communication to take action with respect to the legislation or regulation.

“Indirect lobbying” is lobbying engaged in by a trade association or other organization of which Company is a member.

Both “direct and indirect lobbying” and “grassroots lobbying communications” include lobbying at the local, state and federal levels.

The report shall be presented to the Audit Committee or other relevant oversight committees of the Board and full details posted on the company's website.

SUPPORTING STATEMENT

As shareholders we encourage transparency and accountability regarding staff time and corporate funds to influence legislation and regulation, both directly and indirectly.

Company's lobbying expenditures may not include grassroots lobbying to directly influence legislation by mobilizing public support or opposition, nor lobbying expenditures in states that do not require disclosure.

Absent a system of transparency and accountability for lobbying expenditures, Company executives may use Company assets for objectives that are not shared by and may be inimical to the interests of the Company and its shareholders.

Current disclosure is insufficient to allow the Company's Board, its shareholders, and its current and prospective customers to fully evaluate its lobbying priorities.

There is currently no single source providing shareholders the information sought by this resolution.

Our US lobbying activities are disclosed quarterly and can be found on our website at https://about.twitter.com/en/resources/

lobbying-disclosures and on the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) database maintained by the federal government. All of our registered lobbyists file personal candidate contribution reports twice a year. Further, Twitter does not engage in political campaign giving of any kind as we closed our PAC in 2020. In 2019, we took the additional step of not allowing political advertising on our platform.

Twitter participates in trade associations because we value their industry expertise. We do not participate in trade associations to advance any political purposes; however, because trade associations are independent organizations with many members that likely have divergent views and interests, trade associations may take positions and address public policy issues in a collective industry manner. Our membership in any trade association does not necessarily represent our agreement with the positions, views or objectives of the trade associations or of other members. In addition, Twitter does not contribute to any PACs controlled by trade associations.

Given Twitter’s policies and public stances to not engage in political campaigning, the cost associated with additional reporting beyond what is already produced would be an unnecessary expenditure and any cost would far exceed any perceived advantage. In addition, preparing a report would necessarily divert important resources from alternate endeavors that the board and management deem to be in the best interests of Twitter and its stockholders.

For the above reasons, our board of directors believes that this proposal is not in the best interests of Twitter or our stockholders, and recommends that you vote “AGAINST” this proposal.

The approval of this Proposal No. 9 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “AGAINST” PROPOSAL NO. 9

For Mr. Agrawal’s biography, see the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance – Continuing Directors”.

Ned Segal has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2017. From January 2015 to August 2017, Mr. Segal served as Senior Vice President of Finance of Intuit Inc. From April 2013 to January 2015, Mr. Segal served as Chief Financial Officer of RPX Corporation. From 1996 to April 2013, Mr. Segal held various positions at Goldman Sachs & Co. Mr. Segal currently serves as a director of Beyond Meat, Inc., a Board Member of Tipping Point Community and a Trustee of Town School for Boys. Mr. Segal holds a B.S. in Spanish from Georgetown University.

Vijaya Gadde has served as our Chief Legal Officer since February 2018 and as Secretary since August 2013. Previously, Ms. Gadde served as our General Counsel from August 2013 to February 2018, as our Head of Communications from July 2015 to August 2016 and as our Director, Legal from July 2011 to August 2013. Ms. Gadde is also a member of the Board of Trustees of New York University School of Law, the Board of Directors of Guardant Health, the Board of Directors of Planet Labs PBC and the Board of Directors of Mercy Corps. From October 2010 to July 2011, Ms. Gadde served as Senior Director and Associate General Counsel, Corporate, at Juniper Networks, Inc. From October 2000 to April 2010, Ms. Gadde was an attorney at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. Ms. Gadde holds a B.S. in Industrial and Labor Relations from Cornell University and a J.D. from New York University School of Law.

Sarah Personette has served as our Chief Customer Officer since August 2021, leading our customer-facing operations and overseeing global advertising sales, global content partnerships, revenue operations, and emerging businesses. From October 2018 to August 2021, Ms. Personette served as our VP of Twitter Global Client Solutions and led partnerships with top marketers and agencies worldwide. From January 2018 to September 2018, Ms. Personette was Chief Operating Officer at Refinery29, Inc. From October 2014 to December 2017, Ms. Personette was Vice President, Global Business Marketing at Facebook, Inc. Prior to serving in this role at Facebook, Ms. Personette held various other leadership roles with Facebook, Universal McCann Worldwide, Inc. and Starcom Mediavest Group, Inc. Ms. Personette serves on the boards of directors of All In Together, the Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) and the Northwestern Alumni Association. Ms. Personette also served as a director for Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. from February 2016 until August 2021. Ms. Personette holds a B.A. in Political Science and International Relations from Northwestern University.

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) provides information regarding our executive compensation programs during fiscal year 2021 that ended December 31, 2021 for the following named executive officers (“NEOs”):

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Twitter is what’s happening in the world and what people are talking about right now.

Our primary product, Twitter, is a global platform for public self-expression and conversation in real time. We have democratized content creation and distribution so people can consume, create, distribute and discover content about the topics and events they care about most. Through Topics, Interests, and Trends, we help people discover what’s happening through text, images, on demand and live video and audio from people, content partners, media organizations, advertisers and others. Media outlets, websites, and other partners extend the reach of Twitter content by distributing Tweets beyond our app and website.

In 2021, we continued our work to serve the public conversation by helping people find trusted sources of information and by better organizing and surfacing the many topics and interests that bring people to Twitter, with a focus on personalization and selection. We launched products to continue helping people stay informed and discuss what matters to them such as Twitter Spaces, a new way to have live audio conversations on Twitter, and Communities, a new way to easily find and connect with people who have similar interests. We also worked to help people and businesses get paid on Twitter by introducing Ticketed Spaces, Super Follows, and Tips, which gives people the ability to pay creators using a variety of payment methods to send currency or Bitcoin to creators. We also introduced Twitter Blue, Twitter’s first-ever consumer subscription offering. Twitter Blue allows our most passionate and engaged accounts to pay for exclusive features and perks that enhance and complement their existing Twitter experience.

We are making it easier to follow and participate in healthier conversations by rolling out new conversation settings globally, and giving people everywhere more control over the conversations they start on Twitter. We have furthered our efforts to improve the health of the platform, as we work to make sure that people and advertisers feel safe being a part of the conversation and can find credible information on our service. Major areas of focus within health include reducing abuse, providing more context around misinformation, and protecting the integrity of civic-related conversations.

In addition, we have made significant progress on our brand and direct response offerings with updated ad formats, improved targeting, and better measurement. We have also continued to refine our Mobile Application Promotion (MAP) and Website Traffic offerings.

On January 1, 2022, we closed the sale of our MoPub business to AppLovin Corporation. The sale of MoPub enables us to concentrate more of our efforts on the significant opportunity for performance-based advertising, small and medium-sized business offerings (SMB), and commerce initiatives on Twitter.

CEO TRANSITION

On November 29, 2021, Jack Dorsey stepped down from his role as Twitter’s CEO. Mr. Dorsey will remain a member of our board of directors until his term expires at the Annual Meeting. Our board of directors unanimously appointed Parag Agrawal, our then CTO, as Twitter’s new CEO and a member of our board of directors as of November 29, 2021. Mr. Agrawal has been with Twitter since 2011 and served as our Chief Technology Officer since 2017.

stockholders expressed that our executive compensation practices and programs were reasonable, but to further promote the achievement of our financial and strategic goals and our inclusion, diversity, equity and accessibility objectives, we made changes to our cash Annual Incentive Plan to further reduce subjectivity and implemented an ESG measure (holding our NEOs accountable to achieving global diversity metrics). Our compensation committee and board of directors are committed to maintaining a pay-for-performance alignment in our executive compensation programs and will continue to solicit feedback from our stockholders regarding our compensation programs, policies and practices.

COMPENSATION APPROACH IN 2021

We evaluate our executive compensation programs on an annual basis, and our compensation committee considers a number of factors in making decisions about our executive compensation program, including input from the compensation committee’s independent outside consultant, management, and stockholders (including the over 96% support we received from our stockholders in our 2021 stockholder advisory vote on executive compensation). Following this evaluation, our compensation committee made changes to our executive compensation programs in 2021 to further align executive interests with those of our stockholders and further strengthen these programs.

Our compensation committee maintained a compensation program mix comprised of base salary, annual incentive, and equity incentive awards. In maintaining the pay mix approach, our compensation committee assessed base salary and annual cash incentive plan opportunities together (“Target Cash Compensation”) within the context of market competitiveness. Our compensation committee elected to make no adjustments to our NEOs’ Target Cash Compensation based on an assessment of similar roles in the market and as compared to our compensation peers, except for adjustments to Mr. Agrawal’s Target Cash Compensation in connection with his appointment as CEO and to Ms. Personette’s Target Cash Compensation in connection with her promotion to Chief Customer Officer. At his own recommendation to the compensation committee, Mr. Dorsey, our Former CEO, elected to forego any compensation for 2021 other than an annual base salary of $1.40.

Under our cash Annual Incentive Plan, our compensation committee expanded measures used to focus on profitable growth to include mDAU as a top-line measure in addition to the existing metrics of revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. Additionally, the compensation committee reduced the weight of the individual performance component and added an ESG metric (holding our NEOs accountable to achieving global diversity metrics).

Under our equity program, our compensation committee further emphasized our pay-for-performance culture by using an approximate 50/50 dollar value mix of RSU and PRSU awards at target value for our annual awards. In July 2021 we also granted a special equity award to each of our NEOs (other than Mr. Dorsey) in the form of performance-based VCAs to enhance executive focus on our stock price performance and sustained long-term growth. The VCAs are earned based on achieving our pre-established and rigorous stock price targets within set performance periods (approximately 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 years in length). Any earned VCAs are subject to further time-based vesting.

COMPENSATION PHILOSOPHY AND GOALS

To execute on our strategy, we must attract and retain cutting edge leaders who are agile, can quickly innovate on our business strategy and constantly enhance our product offerings. Our executive compensation program is designed to help us realize these objectives.

Specifically, the goals of our executive compensation program are to:

We have been undergoing a period of rapid growth, development and change in a highly competitive business and technological environment that dictates that we consider a number of factors in determining individual compensation arrangements with executives at the time we hire them, including:

Role of the Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee is composed entirely of independent directors and is responsible for overseeing our executive compensation program. Our compensation committee approves compensation arrangements for our executive officers and makes recommendations to the full board of directors regarding our CEO’s compensation. In determining compensation for our executive officers, our compensation committee considers numerous factors, including:

There is no predetermined formula or weighting of these factors. Instead, our compensation committee considers all of this information in light of our business objectives. Our compensation committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by our board of directors. The charter is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com.

Role of Management. Our CEO, together with senior human resources management, reviews our executive compensation practices relative to our compensation peers (described below), other competitors for talent, and market benchmark data. At the compensation committee’s request, our CEO makes recommendations for the executive officer target compensation (other than himself). Our compensation committee believes that the CEO’s input for the compensation opportunities is critical and highly valuable because of his daily involvement with the other members of our executive team and our business. No executive officer participates directly in the final deliberations or determinations regarding their own compensation. Our senior management team also provides input on initial compensation packages for our newly hired executives.

Role of the Compensation Consultant. Our compensation committee has the authority to engage its own advisors to assist in carrying out its responsibilities. In 2021, our compensation committee engaged with Compensia on matters relating to our compensation peer group selection as well as to provide support and specific analyses with regard to compensation data and the formulation of recommendations for executive compensation. Based on the consideration of the factors specified in the rules of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE, and a review of these factors for 2021, the compensation committee determined that its relationship with Compensia and the independent work of Compensia on behalf of the compensation committee does not raise any conflict of interest. The compensation committee reviews the compensation consultant’s independence annually.

Use of Comparative Market Data. Each year our compensation committee reviews, with assistance from Compensia and input from management, the current compensation peer group and selection criteria used for determining the peer group. In determining which companies should be in the peer group, our compensation committee considered companies that met some or all of the following criteria: (i) software and internet services (primary) and broad technology and media (secondary) companies located in the United States; (ii) revenues between 0.5x and 2.5x our annual revenue; (iii) a market capitalization of 0.3x to 3.0x our market capitalization; and (iv) a preference for companies with high growth and high market capitalization to revenue multiples.