SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION  
Washington, DC 20549
 
FORM 20-F
o
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
þ  
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007  
OR
 
o
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

o
 
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 

Commission file number 1-14550

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited
 
The People’s Republic of China
(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)
 
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
 

2550 Hongqiao Road
Hongqiao Airport
Shanghai 200335
The People’s Republic of China
(8621) 6268-6268
(Address and Telephone Number of Principal Executive Offices)

 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
 
 
Name of Each Exchange
Title of Each Class
 
on Which Registered
 
 
 
American Depositary Shares
 
The New York Stock Exchange
Ordinary H Shares, par value RMB1.00 per share
 
The New York Stock Exchange*
 
* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares. The Ordinary H
Shares are also listed and traded on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
 
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
 
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close
of the period covered by the annual report.
 
As of December 31, 2007, 3,300,000,000 Ordinary Domestic Shares, par value RMB1.00 per share, were issued and outstanding, and 1,566,950,000 Ordinary H Shares par value RMB1.00 per share, were issued and outstanding. H Shares are Ordinary Shares of the Company listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuers, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o   No þ
 
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes  o   No þ
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ   No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer o
 
Accelerated Filer þ
 
Non-Accelerated Filer o
 
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
 
U.S. GAAP o
 
International Financial Reporting Standards as issue by the International Accounting Standards Board þ
 
Other  o
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 o   Item 18 o  
 
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o   No      þ


China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE RATES
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS


   
Page No.
     
 
PART I
 
     
Item 1.
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
1
Item 2.
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
1
Item 3.
Key Information
1
Item 4.
Information on the Company
9
Item 4A.
Unresolved Staff Comments
30
Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
30
Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees
47
Item 7.
Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
54
Item 8.
Financial Information
59
Item 9.
The Offer and Listing
60
Item 10.
Additional Information
61
Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
77
Item 12.
Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
78
     
 
PART II
 
     
Item 13.
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
78
Item 14.
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
78
Item 15.
Controls and Procedures
78
Item 16A.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
80
Item 16B.
Code of Ethics
80
Item 16C.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
81
Item 16D.
Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
81
Item 16E.
Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
81
     
 
PART III
 
   
 
Item 17.
Financial Statements
81
Item 18.
Financial Statements
82
Item 19.
Exhibits
82
 
i


SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE RATES  

In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified, the term “dollars”, “U.S. dollars” or “US$” refers to United States dollars, the legal tender currency of the United States of America, or the United States or the U.S.; the term “Renminbi” or “RMB” refers to Renminbi, the legal tender currency of The People’s Republic of China, or China or the PRC; and the term “Hong Kong dollars” or “HK$” refers to Hong Kong dollars, the legal tender currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, or Hong Kong.
 
In this Annual Report, the term “we”, “us”, “our”, “our Company” or “China Eastern” refers to China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited, a joint stock limited company incorporated under the laws of the PRC on April 14, 1995, and, unless the context otherwise requires, its subsidiaries, or, in respect of references to any time prior to the incorporation of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited, the core airline business carried on by its predecessor, China Eastern Airlines, which was assumed by China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited pursuant to the restructuring described in this Annual Report. The term “CEA Holding” refers to our parent, China Eastern Air Holding Company, which was established on October 11, 2002 as a result of the merger of our former controlling shareholder, Eastern Air Group Company, or EA Group, with China Northwest Airlines Company and Yunnan Airlines Company.
 
For the purpose of this Annual Report, references to The People’s Republic of China, China and the PRC do not include Hong Kong, the Macau Special Administrative Region of China, or Macau, or Taiwan.
 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Certain information contained in this Annual Report may be deemed to constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to:
 
 
·
our fleet development plans, including, without limitation, related financing, schedule, intended use and planned disposition;
 
 
·
the planned expansion of our cargo operations;
 
 
·
the impact of changes in the policies of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, or the CAAC, regarding route rights;
 
 
·
the impact of the CAAC policies regarding the restructuring of the airline industry in China;
 
 
·
certain statements with respect to trends in prices, volumes, operations, margins, risk management, overall market trends and exchange rates;
 
 
·
our expansion plans, including acquisition of other airlines;
 
 
·
our marketing plans, including the establishment of additional sales offices;
 
 
·
our plan to add new pilots; and
 
 
·
the impact of unusual events on our business and operations.
 
The words or phrases “aim”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “continue”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “going forward”, “intend”, “ought to”, “may”, “plan”, “potential”, “predict”, “project”, “seek”, “should”, “will”, “would”, and similar expressions, as they relate to our Company or its management, are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are based on current plans and estimates, and speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement in light of new information, future events or otherwise. Forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control, and are based on assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate in particular circumstances. We caution you that a number of important factors could cause actual outcomes to differ, or to differ materially, from those expressed in any forward-looking statement, including, without limitation:
 
ii

 
 
·
any changes in the regulatory policies of the CAAC;
 
 
·
the effects of competition on the demand for and price of our services;
 
 
·
the availability of qualified flight personnel and airport facilities;
 
 
·
any significant depreciation of Renminbi or Hong Kong dollars against U.S. dollars, Japanese yen or Euro, the currencies in which the majority of our borrowings are denominated;
 
 
·
the availability and cost of aviation fuel;
 
 
·
changes in political, economic, legal and social conditions in China;
 
 
·
the fluctuation of interest rates;
 
 
·
our ability to obtain adequate financing, including any required external debt and acceptable bank guarantees; and
 
 
·
general economic conditions in markets where our Company operates.

iii


GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS  

Capacity measurements
 
   
ATK (available tonne-kilometers)
the number of tonnes of capacity available for the carriage of revenue load (passengers and cargo) multiplied by the distance flown
   
ASK (available seat kilometers)
the number of seats made available for sale multiplied by the distance flown
   
AFTK (available freight tonne-kilometers)
the number of tonnes of capacity available for the carriage of cargo and mail multiplied by the distance flown
   
Traffic measurements
 
   
revenue passenger-kilometers or RPK
the number of passengers carried multiplied by the distance flown
   
revenue freight tonne-kilometers or RFTK
cargo and mail load in tonnes multiplied by the distance flown
   
revenue passenger tonne-kilometers or RPTK
passenger load in tonnes multiplied by the distance flown
   
revenue tonne-kilometers or RTK
load (passenger and cargo) in tonnes multiplied by the distance flown
   
Load factors
 
   
overall load factor
tonne-kilometers expressed as a percentage of ATK
   
passenger load factor
passenger-kilometers expressed as a percentage of ASK
   
break-even load factor
the load factor required to equate traffic revenue with our operating costs assuming that our total operating surplus is attributable to scheduled traffic operations
   
Yield and cost measurements
 
   
passenger yield (revenue per passenger-kilometer)
revenue from passenger operations divided by passenger-kilometers
   
cargo yield (revenue per cargo tonne-kilometer)
revenue from cargo operations divided by cargo tonne-kilometers
   
average yield (revenue per total tonne-kilometer)
revenue from airline operations divided by tonne-kilometers
   
unit cost
operating expenses divided by ATK
   
tonne
a metric ton, equivalent to 2,204.6 lbs

iv


PART I
 
 
Item 1.   Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers  
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 2.   Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 3.   Key Information
 
A.   Selected Financial Data
 
The selected financial data from the consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and the selected financial data from the balance sheets as of December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm in Hong Kong. PricewaterhouseCoopers’ reports in respect of the consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 and the related footnotes are included in this Annual Report.
 
Pursuant to SEC Release 33-8879 “Acceptance from Foreign Private Issuers of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards without Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP” eliminating the requirement for foreign private issuers to reconcile their financial statements to U.S. GAAP, we prepare our financial statements based on the IFRS and no longer provide a reconciliation between IFRS and U.S. GAAP.
 
The following information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.  
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
   
(in millions, except per share or per ADS data)
 
       
Consolidated Income Statements Data:
                               
IFRS :
                               
Revenues
   
14,470
   
21,386
   
27,454
   
37,634
   
42,521
 
Other operating income
   
50
   
85
   
245
   
424
   
605
 
Operating expenses
   
(14,454
)
 
(20,239
)
 
(27,685
)
 
(41,050
)
 
(43,087
)
Operating profit (loss)
   
66
   
1,232
   
14
   
(2,991
)
 
39
 
Finance costs, net
   
(775
)
 
(641
)
 
(578
)
 
(757
)
 
141
 
Profit (loss) before income tax
   
(741
)
 
586
   
(577
)
 
(3,616
)
 
268
 
Profit (loss) for the year attribute to equity holders of the Company
   
(1,097
)
 
321
   
(467
)
 
(3,313
)
 
269
 
Basic and fully diluted earnings (loss) per share
   
(0.23
)
 
0.07
   
(0.10
)
 
(0.68
)
 
0.06
 
Basic and fully diluted earnings (loss) per ADS
   
(22.54
)
 
6.59
   
(9.60
)
 
(68.07
)
 
5.52
 
 
1

 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
   
(in millions)
 
       
Balance Sheet Data:
   
IFRS :
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
   
1,583
   
2,114
   
1,864
   
1,987
   
1,655
 
Net current liabilities
   
(9,982
)
 
(12,491
)
 
(25,572
)
 
(24,616
)
 
(26,074
)
Non-current assets
   
33,039
   
36,812
   
52,882
   
52,152
   
58,227
 
Long term borrowing, including current portion
   
(11,223
)
 
(10,736
)
 
(12,659
)
 
(14,932
)
 
(14,675
)
Obligations under finance lease, including current portion
   
(7,101
)
 
(8,662
)
 
(10,588
)
 
(11,949
)
 
(16,452
)
Total share capital and reserves
   
6,175
   
6,481
   
6,096
   
2,815
   
3,028
 
  
Exchange Rate Information
 
We present our historical consolidated financial statements in Renminbi. For the convenience of the reader, certain pricing information is presented in U.S. dollars and certain contractual amounts that are in Renminbi or Hong Kong dollar amounts include a U.S. dollar equivalent at the noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 31, 2007 of RMB7.2946= US$1.00 and HK$7.7984=US$1.00. We make no representation that the Renminbi, Hong Kong dollar or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this Annual Report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars, Hong Kong dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.
 
The noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York were RMB6.8821= US$1.00 and HK$7.8061=US$1.00 on June 18, 2008. The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the RMB, Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated based on the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. 
 
   
RMB per US$1.00
 
HK$ per US$1.00
 
   
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
 
December 2007
   
7.4120
   
7.2946
   
7.8073
   
7.7879
 
January 2008
   
7.2946
   
7.1818
   
7.8107
   
7.7961
 
February 2008
   
7.1973
   
7.1100
   
7.8012
   
7.7807
 
March 2008
   
7.1110
   
7.0105
   
7.7897
   
7.7642
 
April 2008
   
7.0185
   
6.9840
   
7.7963
   
7.7863
 
May 2008
   
7.0000
   
6.9377
   
7.8060
   
7.7931
 
June 2008 (up to June 18, 2008)
   
6.9633
   
6.8821
   
7.8159
   
7.8037
 
 
The following table sets forth the average noon buying rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars and between Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars for each of 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, calculated by averaging the noon buying rates on the last day of each month during the relevant year.
 
   
RMB per US$1.00
 
HK$ per US$1.00
 
2003
   
8.2771
   
7.7864
 
2004
   
8.2768
   
7.7899
 
2005
   
8.1826
   
7.7755
 
2006
   
7.9579
   
7.7685
 
2007
   
7.5806
   
7.8008
 
 
2

 
Selected Operating Data
 
The following table sets forth certain operating data of our Company for the five years ended December 31, 2007, which are not audited. All references in this Annual Report to our cargo operations, cargo statistics or cargo revenues include figures for cargo and mail.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
Selected Airline Operating Data:
                               
Capacity:
                               
ATK (millions)
   
4,774.5
   
7,071.2
   
8,751.5
   
11,065.6
   
12,085.9
 
ASK (millions)
   
29,780.0
   
41,599.1
   
52,427.9
   
70,468.3
   
77,717.2
 
AFTK (millions)
   
2,094.3
   
3,327.3
   
4,033.0
   
4,723.4
   
5,091.3
 
Traffic:
                               
Revenue passenger-kilometers (millions)
   
18,002.7
   
27,580.8
   
36,380.6
   
50,271.9
   
57,182.6
 
Revenue tonne-kilometers (millions)
   
2,907.7
   
4,340.7
   
5,395.2
   
6,931.0
   
7,713.9
 
Revenue passenger tonne-kilometers (millions)
   
1,611.1
   
2,466.0
   
3,243.7
   
4,487.0
   
5,099.8
 
Revenue freight tonne-kilometers (millions)
   
1,296.6
   
1,874.7
   
2,151.5
   
2,444.0
   
2,614.1
 
Kilometers flown (millions)
   
176.5
   
242.8
   
287.7
   
434.6
   
478.1
 
Hours flown (thousands)
   
259.4
   
360.4
   
467.8
   
678.3
   
756.0
 
Number of passengers carried (thousands)
   
12,040.2
   
17,711.0
   
24,290.5
   
35,039.7
   
39,161.4
 
Weight of cargo carried (millions of kilograms)
   
459.8
   
663.6
   
775.5
   
893.2
   
940.1
 
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
                       
Average distance flown (kilometers per passenger)
   
1,495.2
   
1,557.3
   
1,497.7
   
1,434.7
   
1,460.2
 
Load Factor:
                               
Overall load factor (%)
   
60.9
   
61.4
   
61.7
   
62.6
   
63.8
 
Passenger load factor (%)
   
60.5
   
66.3
   
69.4
   
71.3
   
73.6
 
Break-even load factor (based on ATK) (%)
   
63.6
   
62.2
   
66.0
   
71.1
   
67.7
 
Yield and Cost Statistics (RMB):
                               
Passenger yield (passenger revenue/ passenger-kilometers)
   
0.57
   
0.56
   
0.57
   
0.61
   
0.61
 
Cargo yield (cargo revenue/cargo tonne-kilometers)
   
2.46
   
2.36
   
2.31
   
2.30
   
2.10
 
Average yield (passenger and cargo revenue/tonne-kilometers)
   
4.62
   
4.60
   
4.79
   
5.20
   
5.27
 
Unit cost (operating expenses/ATK)
   
2.94
   
2.86
   
3.16
   
3.70
   
3.57
 
 
B.   Capitalization and Indebtedness
 
Not applicable.
 
C.   Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
 
Not applicable.
 
D.   Risk Factors
 
An investment in our Company involves a number of risks, some of which may be special or significantly different from risks that are normally associated with an investment in a U.S. company. You should carefully consider the following information about the risks in investing in our Company, along with the other information presented in this Annual Report.
 
Fuel Supply and Costs
 
The availability and cost of aviation fuel has a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations. In the past, jet fuel shortages have occurred in China and, on limited occasions, required us to delay or cancel flights. Although jet fuel shortages have not occurred since the end of 1993, we cannot assure you that jet fuel shortages will not occur in the future. Fuel prices continue to be susceptible to, among other factors, political unrest in various parts of the world, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries policy, the rapid growth of the economies in China and India, the levels of inventory carried by industries, the amounts of reserves built by governments, disruptions to production and refining facilities and weather conditions. These and other factors that impact the global supply and demand for aircraft fuel may affect our financial performance due to its sensitivity to fuel prices. Our financial performance may be especially susceptible to recent trends of escalating fuel prices worldwide.
 
3

 
Fuel costs constitute a significant portion of our operating costs and, in 2007, accounted for approximately 35.1% of our operating expenses. Between 2006 and 2007, our expenses for fuel rose by 11.1%, partially as a result of increased weighted average domestic and international fuel prices, and partially as a result of the increase in total flying hours and mileage. Between 2006 and 2007, the weighted average fuel prices that we paid increased by approximately 1.7%. Due to the highly competitive nature of the airline industry and government regulation on airfare pricing, we may be unable to fully or effectively pass on to our customers any increased fuel costs we may encounter in the future. Any jet fuel shortages or any increase in domestic or international jet fuel prices may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, we may hedge some of our future fuel purchases to protect against potential spikes in price. However, these hedging strategies may not always be effective and can result in losses depending on price changes.
 
Intensified Competition
 
We face intense competition in each of the domestic, Hong Kong regional and international markets that we serve. In our domestic markets, we compete against smaller domestic airline companies that operate with costs that are lower than ours. We also face increasing competition from entrants to our domestic markets, as new investments into China’s civil aviation industry are made following the CAAC’s relaxation of certain private-sector investment rules in July 2005. See the section headed “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview — Competition” for more details. In our Hong Kong regional and international markets, we compete against international airline companies that have significantly longer operating histories, greater name recognition, more resources or larger sales networks than we do, or utilize more developed reservation systems than ours. The public’s perception of the safety records of Chinese airlines also materially and adversely affects our ability to compete against our international competitors. In response to competition, we have, from time to time in the past, lowered our airfares for certain of our routes, and we may be required to do the same in the future. Increased competition and pricing pressures from competition may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Government Regulation  
 
The Chinese civil aviation industry is subject to a high degree of regulation by the CAAC. Regulatory policies issued or implemented by the CAAC encompass virtually every aspect of airline operations, including, among other things:
 
·   route allocation;
 
·   pricing of domestic airfares;
 
·   the administration of air traffic control systems and certain airports; and
 
·   aircraft registration and aircraft airworthiness certification.
 
As a result, we may face significant constraints on our flexibility and ability to expand our business operations or to maximize our profitability.
 
Government Ownership and Control of our C ompany  
 
Most of the major airline companies in China are currently majority-owned either by the central government of China or by provincial or municipal governments in China. CEA Holding currently holds approximately 59.7% of our Company’s equity interests on behalf of the PRC Government. As a result, CEA Holding will be able to elect our entire Board of Directors and otherwise be able to control us. CEA Holding will also have sufficient voting control to effect transactions without the concurrence of our minority shareholders. The interests of the PRC Government as the ultimate controlling person of our Company and most of other major Chinese airlines could conflict with the interests of our minority shareholders. Although the CAAC currently has a policy of equal treatment for all Chinese airlines, we cannot assure you that the CAAC will not favor other Chinese airlines over our Company.
 
Insurance Coverage and Cost
 
As a result of the events of September 11, 2001, aviation insurers have significantly reduced the maximum amount of insurance coverage available to commercial air carriers for liability to persons other than employees or passengers for claims resulting from acts of terrorism, war or similar events, or war-risk coverage. At the same time, they have significantly increased the premiums for such coverage, as well as for aviation insurance in general. We renew our insurance policies on a yearly basis and are currently insured through November 30, 2008. However, if the insurance carriers reduce further the amount of insurance coverage available or increase the premium for such coverage when we renew our insurance coverage, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.  
 
4

 
Direct Air Link between China’s Mainland and Taiwan  
 
Currently, our operations on the Hong Kong regional routes benefit from traffic between Hong Kong and mainland China ultimately originating in Taiwan. During the Lunar Chinese New Year peak travel season in 2003, from late-January to mid-February, the PRC Government allowed special chartered flights between Shanghai and Taiwan for the first time. During the Lunar Chinese New Year peak travel seasons from late-January to mid-February in 2007 and 2008, respectively, airlines from both mainland China and Taiwan (including our Company) operated 96 and 94 non-stop direct chartered flights between selected cities in mainland China and Taiwan. In 2007, the PRC Government allowed direct flights during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday from late-September to early-October. During this holiday, airlines from both mainland China and Taiwan (including our Company) operated approximately 24 non-stop direct chartered flights on passenger traffic routes that included Beijing-Taipei, Shanghai-Taipei, Guangzhou-Taipei, and Xiamen-Taipei. In addition, direct flights were also permitted during the observance of Qingming (Ching Ming) Festival from late-March to early-April in 2008. During this period, 11 airlines from both mainland China and Taiwan (including our Company) operated a total of 21 direct flights between the cities of Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Xiamen in mainland China and the cities of Taipei and Gaoxiong (Kaohsiung) in Taiwan. From July 2008, direct flights between Taiwan and mainland China are expected to be permitted on weekends from Fridays through Mondays on a regular basis, with a transition to direct flights on a daily basis by 2009. Since a substantial number of our passengers travelling on the Hong Kong route connect flight to and/or from Taiwan, our results of operations on Hong Kong routes could be materially and adversely affected by the direct air link between China’s mainland and Taiwan. We cannot assure you that our Company can obtain sufficient Taiwan-mainland China routes or that the yields on these routes would be adequate to offset any material adverse effect on our revenues derived from operation on our Hong Kong routes.
 
Chinese Aviation Infrastructure Limitations and Safety
 
The rapid increase in air traffic volume in China in recent years has put pressure on many components of the Chinese airline industry, including air traffic control systems, the availability of qualified flight personnel and airport facilities. Our ability to provide safe air transportation depends on the availability of qualified and experienced pilots in China and the improvement of maintenance services, national air traffic control and navigational systems and ground control operations at Chinese airports. If any of these is not available or is inadequate, our ability to provide safe air transportation will be compromised and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
 
Operating Leverage  
 
The airline industry is characterized by a high degree of operating leverage. Due to high fixed costs, including payments made in connection with aircraft leases, the expenses relating to the operation of any given flight do not vary proportionately with the number of passengers carried, while revenues generated from a particular flight are directly related to the number of passengers carried and the fare structure of the flight. Accordingly, a decrease in revenues may result in a proportionately higher decrease in profits.
 
Liquidity  
 
We have substantial debts, and will continue to have substantial debts in the future. In addition, we entered into contractual commitments in June 2006 to acquire a number of new aircraft for delivery over the next few years. See the section headed “Item 4. Information on the Company — Property, Plants and Equipment — Fleet”. As of December 31, 2007, our total outstanding debt was RMB64,463 million, and our long-term debt to equity ratio was 8.6. As of the same date, our current liabilities exceeded our current assets by RMB26,074 million. Short-term bank loans outstanding totaled RMB15,189 million as of December 31, 2007.
 
5

 
We are largely dependent upon cash flows generated from our operations and external financing (including short-term bank loans) to meet our debt repayment obligations and working capital requirements. If our operating cash flow is materially and adversely affected by factors such as increased competition, a significant decrease in demand for our services, or a significant increase in jet fuel prices, our liquidity would be materially and adversely affected. We have arranged financing with domestic and foreign-funded banks in China as necessary to meet our working capital requirements. We have also tried to ensure our liquidity by structuring a substantial portion of our short-term bank loans to be rolled over upon maturity. These efforts, however, may ultimately prove insufficient. Our ability to obtain financing may be affected by our financial position and leverage and our credit rating, as well as by prevailing economic conditions and the cost of financing in general. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing for our capital requirements, our liquidity and operations would be materially and adversely affected.
 
Future Financing Requirements  
 
We require significant amounts of external financing to meet our capital commitments for adding and upgrading aircraft and flight equipment and for other business expansion needs. We generally acquire aircraft through either long-term capital leases or operating leases. In the past, we have obtained, sometimes with the assistance of the CAAC, guarantees from Bank of China and other Chinese banks in respect of payments under our foreign loan and capital lease obligations. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to obtain bank guarantees in the future. The unavailability of guarantees from Bank of China or other acceptable banks or the increased cost of such guarantees may materially and adversely affect our ability to borrow internationally or enter into international aircraft lease financings on acceptable terms. The ability of our Company to obtain financing may also be affected by our financial position and leverage and our credit rating as well as by prevailing economic conditions and the cost of financing generally. If we were unable to obtain financing for a significant portion of our capital requirements, our ability to acquire new aircraft or expand our operations may be impaired. We have and in the future will likely continue to have substantial debts. As a result, the interest cost associated with these debts might impair our future profitability and cause our earnings to be subject to a higher degree of volatility.
 
Related Party Transactions; Conflict of Interests  
 
We have engaged in, from time to time, and may continue to engage in, in the future, a variety of transactions with CEA Holding and its various members, from whom we receive a number of important services, including support for in-flight catering and assistance with importation of aircraft, flight equipment and spare parts. Our transactions with CEA Holding and its members are conducted through a series of arm’s length contracts, which we have entered into with CEA Holding and its members in the ordinary course of business. However, because we are controlled by CEA Holding and CEA Holding may have interests that are different from our interests, we cannot assure you that CEA Holding will not take actions that will serve its interests or the interests of its members over our interests.
 
Acquisitions  
 
We may expand our business through acquisitions of airline companies or airline-related businesses, such as our acquisition of an equity interest in CEA Wuhan and the acquisition of certain selected assets and liabilities relating to the aviation businesses of CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan. See “Item 4. Information on the Company” for details. Such acquisitions involve uncertainties and risks, including the following:
 
·
difficulty with integrating the assets and operations of the acquired airline companies or airline-related businesses, including their employees, corporate cultures, managerial systems, processes and procedures and management information systems and services;
 
·
failure to achieve the anticipated synergies, cost savings or revenue-enhancing opportunities resulting from the acquisition of such airline companies or airline-related businesses;
 
·
difficulty with exercising control and supervision over the newly acquired operations; and
 
6

 
·
increased financial pressure resulting from the assumption of recorded and unrecorded liabilities of the acquired airline companies or airline-related businesses.
 
If we are unable to manage or integrate the newly acquired airlines or airline-related businesses successfully without substantial expense, delay or other operational or financial problems, we may be unable to achieve the objectives or anticipated synergies of such acquisitions and such acquisitions may adversely impact the operations and financial results of our existing businesses.
 
Limitation on Foreign Ownership
 
The current CAAC policies limit foreign ownership in Chinese airlines. Under these limits, non-Chinese residents and Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan residents cannot hold a majority equity interest in a Chinese airline company. At present, approximately 32.2% of our total outstanding shares are held by non-Chinese residents and Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan residents (excluding the qualified foreign institutional investors that are approved to invest in the A Share market of the PRC). As a result, our access to international equity capital markets may be limited. This restriction may also limit the opportunities available to our Company to obtain funding or other benefits through the creation of equity-based strategic alliances with foreign carriers. We cannot assure you that the CAAC will increase these limits in the near future or at all.
 
Adverse Public Health Epidemics or Pandemics  
 
Adverse public health epidemics or pandemics could disrupt businesses and the national economy of China and other countries where we do business. From December 2002 to June 2003, China and other countries experienced an outbreak of a new and highly contagious form of atypical pneumonia now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. On July 5, 2003, the World Health Organization declared that the SARS outbreak had been contained. However, a number of isolated new cases of SARS were subsequently reported, most recently in central China in April 2004. During May and June of 2003, many businesses in China were closed by the PRC Government to prevent transmission of SARS. Moreover, some Asian countries, including China, have recently encountered incidents of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, or avian flu. We are unable to predict the effect, if any, that avian flu may have on our business. Any future outbreak of SARS, avian flu or similar adverse public health developments may, among other things, severely restrict the level of economic activity in the affected areas, which may in turn significantly reduce demand for our services and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Changes in the Economic Policies of the PRC Government  
 
Since the late 1970s, the PRC Government has been reforming the Chinese economic system. These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth and social progress. These policies and measures, however, may from time to time be modified or revised. Adverse changes in economic and social conditions in China, in the policies of the PRC Government or in the laws and regulations of China, if any, may have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China and investments in the domestic airline industry. These developments, in turn, may have material adverse effects on our business operations and may also materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Convertibility of Renminbi  
 
A significant portion of our revenue and operating expenses are denominated in Renminbi, while a portion of our revenue, capital expenditures and debts are denominated in U.S. dollars and other foreign currencies. The Renminbi is currently freely convertible under the current account, which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign currency transactions, but not under the capital account, which includes foreign direct investment, unless the prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, is obtained. As a foreign invested enterprise approved by the PRC Ministry of Commerce, or MOC, we can purchase foreign currency without the approval of SAFE for settlement of current account transactions, including payment of dividends, by providing commercial documents evidencing these transactions. We can also retain foreign exchange in our current accounts, subject to a maximum amount approved by SAFE, to satisfy foreign currency liabilities or to pay dividends. However, the relevant PRC Government authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase and retain foreign currencies in the future. Foreign currency transactions under the capital account are still subject to limitations and require approvals from SAFE. This may affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to pay dividends or satisfy our foreign exchange liabilities.
 
7

 
Fluctuations in Exchange Rates  
 
The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC Government changed its policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the Renminbi is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy resulted in an appreciation in the value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar of approximately 3.4% in 2006 and 6.9% in 2007. In May 2007, the PRC Government widened the daily trading band of the Renminbi against a basket of certain foreign currencies from 0.3% to 0.5%. It is possible that the PRC Government could adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could result in further and more significant revaluations of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar or any other foreign currency .  
 
Withdrawal of, or Changes to, Tax Incentives
 
Prior to January 1, 2008, except for a number of preferential tax treatment schemes available to various enterprises, industries and locations, business enterprises in China were subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 33% under the relevant PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law. On March 16, 2007, China passed a new enterprise income tax law, or the EIT Law, which took effect on January 1, 2008. The EIT Law imposes a uniform income tax rate of 25% for domestic enterprises and foreign invested enterprises. Business enterprises enjoying preferential tax treatment that was extended for a fixed term prior to January 1, 2008 will still be entitled to such treatment until such fixed term expires. Certain of our subsidiaries are entitled to preferential tax treatment, allowing us to enjoy a lower effective tax rate that would not otherwise be available to us.
 
Although the State Council of the PRC promulgated the implementing rules of the EIT Law in December 2007, a number of detailed implementing rules are still in the process of promulgation. As such, we cannot accurately evaluate the impact of the new tax rate on the preferential tax treatment enjoyed by our Company and its members, nor can we predict any future effective tax rates. To the extent that there are any withdrawals of, or changes in, our preferential tax treatment, or increases in the applicable effective tax rate, our tax liability may increase correspondingly.
 
Uncertainties Embodied in the PRC Legal System  
 
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which decided legal cases have little precedential value. In 1979, the PRC Government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. Legislation over the past 20 years has significantly enhanced the protection afforded to foreign investment in China. However, the interpretation and enforcement of some of these laws, regulations and other legal requirements involve uncertainties that may limit the legal protection available to you.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
On November 21, 2004, a CRJ-200 Bombadier-supplied aircraft then owned and operated by China Eastern Air Yunnan Company, or CEA Yunnan, crashed shortly after leaving Baotou city in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. All 53 people aboard died in the aircraft accident. In 2005, family members of the deceased sued, among other defendants, our Company in a U.S. court for compensation, the amount of which had not been determined. On July 5, 2007, pursuant to several conditions with which our Company has complied, the Superior Court of the State of California ordered the action stayed on the grounds of forum non conveniens for the purpose of permitting proceedings in the PRC. Moreover, the Superior Court scheduled and held a status conference on December 10, 2007, and intends to schedule subsequent status conferences every six months until the litigation in the PRC is resolved or until the Superior Court determines otherwise. On February 20, 2008, the plaintiff filed a motion with the Superior Court of the State of California to lift the stay. The motion was denied by the Superior Court on May 6, 2008. We cannot assure you that the court will rule in favor of our Company in procedure or substance of the litigation. Our reputation could be substantially damaged in the event of any unfavorable court rulings against us.
 
8

 
Suspension and Reduction of Certain Flights in Yunnan, China
 
We recently experienced a suspension and reduction in our flight services due to unforeseeable circumstances, including actions taken by our pilots which were beyond our anticipation or control. Between March 31, 2008 and April 1, 2008, 21 intra-provincial flights operated by the Yunnan branch of our Company took off and, without warning, subsequently returned to their departure airports without reaching their intended destinations due to various reasons found by the CAAC Southwest Bureau, which included pilot mishandling. Pursuant to its investigation into the incident, the CAAC Southwest Bureau imposed a penalty on our Company of RMB1.5 million and suspended our right to operate flights for certain routes and reduced a number of our other flights in the Yunnan region. The occurrence of similar actions or events may be difficult to predict or foresee and may disrupt our business operations as well as result in administrative penalties, loss of revenues and harm to our reputation. See “Item 4. Information on the Company - Business Overview”.
 
Failure or Disruption of our Computer, Communications, Flight Equipment or other Technology Systems
 
We are dependent on computer, communications, flight equipment and other technology systems to operate our business and enhance customer service. These systems could be disrupted due to various events, including natural disasters, power failures, terrorist attacks, equipment failures, software failures, computer viruses, and other events beyond our control. We cannot guarantee that the measures we have taken to reduce the risk of some of these potential disruptions are adequate to prevent disruptions or failures of these systems. Any substantial or repeated failure of these systems could result in the loss of important data and could have an adverse impact on our business operations, profitability, reputation and customer services.  
 
Item 4.   Information on the Company
 
A.   History and Development of the Company  
 
Our registered office is located at 66 Airport Street, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai, China, 201202. Our principal executive office is located at 2550 Hongqiao Road, Hongqiao Airport, Shanghai, China, 200335. The telephone number of our principal executive office is (86-21) 6268-6268. We currently do not have an agent for service of process in the United States.
 
Our Company was established on April 14, 1995 under the laws of China as a company limited by shares in connection with the restructuring of our predecessor and our initial public offering. Our predecessor was one of the six original airlines established in 1988 as part of the decentralization of the airline industry in China undertaken in connection with China’s overall economic reform efforts. Prior to 1988, the CAAC was responsible for all aspects of civil aviation in China, including the regulation and operation of China’s airlines and airports. In connection with our initial public offering, our predecessor was restructured into two separate legal entities, our Company and EA Group. According to the restructuring arrangement, by operation of law, our Company succeeded to substantially all of the assets and liabilities relating to the airline business of our predecessor. EA Group succeeded to our predecessor’s assets and liabilities that do not directly relate to the airline operations and do not compete with our businesses. Assets transferred to EA Group included our predecessor’s equity interests in companies engaged in import and export, real estate, advertising, in-flight catering, tourism and certain other businesses. In connection with the restructuring, we entered into various agreements with EA Group and its subsidiaries for the provision of certain services to our Company. CEA Holding assumed the rights and liabilities of EA Group under these agreements after it was formed by merging EA Group, Yunnan Airlines Company and China Northwest Airlines Company in October 2002. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” for more details. In 2007, our Company’s total revenue from core operations accounted for approximately 95.0% of CEA Holding’s total revenue. The following chart sets forth the organizational structure of our Company and our significant subsidiaries, all of which were incorporated in China, as of May 31, 2008:  

9

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES
 
In February 1997, we completed our initial public offering of 1,566,950,000 ordinary H Shares, par value RMB1.00 per share, and listed our ordinary H Shares on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, representing our H Shares, on the New York Stock Exchange. In October 1997, we completed a public offering of 300,000,000 new ordinary domestic shares in the form of A Shares to public shareholders in China and listed such new shares on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Following the A Share offering, EA Group continued to own 3,000,000,000 ordinary domestic shares, which represent 90.91% of our total ordinary domestic shares. As of December 31, 2006, EA Group owned 61.64% of our issued and outstanding share capital. H Shares are our ordinary shares listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and A Shares are our ordinary shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Our H Shares and A Shares are identical in respect of all rights and preferences, except that the listed A Shares may only be held by Chinese domestic investors and certain qualified foreign institutional investors. In addition, dividends on the A Shares are payable in Renminbi.
 
Since our initial public offering, we have expanded our operations through acquisitions and joint ventures. In July 1998, our Company and China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company jointly established China Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd., which specializes in the air freight business. Our total investment in this joint venture was approximately RMB350 million, representing 70% of the equity interest of China Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd. In addition, we purchased from EA Group the assets and liabilities relating to airline operations of China General Aviation Company, for approximately RMB88 million in November 1999. China General Aviation Company was based in Shanxi Province in China and served primarily the northern region of China. Moreover, we completed our acquisition of Air Great Wall in June 2001 and established our Ningbo Branch following the acquisition. Air Great Wall was based in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in China and served primarily the southeastern region of China.
 
In May 2002, our Company, jointly with Shanghai Civil Aviation Eastern China Kaiya System Integration Co., Ltd., established Shanghai Eastern Airlines Investment Co., Ltd., or SEAI. We hold a 99% equity interest in SEAI. SEAI serves as one of the investment vehicles of our Company for our investments in other industrial projects and provides consulting services. In August 2002, our Company, jointly with Wuhan Municipal State-owned Assets Management Committee Office and two other independent third parties, established China Eastern Airlines Wuhan Limited, or CEA Wuhan, in which our Company held a 40% equity interest. CEA Wuhan’s operating results were consolidated with ours from January 2006, when we obtained control of CEA Wuhan. In March 2006, we completed our acquisition of a 38% equity interest and a 18% equity interest in CEA Wuhan from Wuhan Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Committee and Shanghai Junyao Aviation Investment Company Limited, respectively, for an aggregate consideration of approximately RMB418 million. As a result, our equity interest in CEA Wuhan has increased to 96%. CEA Wuhan primarily serves the market in Central China. We also entered into an agreement with Rockwell Collins International Inc. of the United States to establish a joint venture avionics maintenance service company in China in September 2002. Moreover, in November 2002, our Company, jointly with China Aircraft Services Limited, established Shanghai Eastern Aircraft Maintenance Limited, in which our Company holds a 60% equity interest. In order to expand our Company’s operations in Jiangsu Province of China, we increased our investment in China Eastern Airlines Jiangsu Co., Ltd., or Eastern Jiangsu, in December 2002, together with other shareholders of Eastern Jiangsu. In 2004, our Company contributed additional capital of approximately RMB408 million to Eastern Jiangsu. As a result, our equity interest in Eastern Jiangsu increased from 55% to 63%.
 
10

 
On March 10, 2003, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Singapore Technologies Aerospace Ltd. to establish Shanghai Technologies Aerospace Company Limited, or STA, a Sino-foreign joint venture limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC. The registered capital of STA is US$73 million with a total investment of US$98 million. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement, our Company shall make an in-kind capital contribution of US$37.23 million (which includes but is not limited to flight equipment and land use rights) in installments to STA. Our Company owns a 51% equity interest in STA. STA is primarily engaged in the provision of commercial aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul services. STA commenced operations in late 2004.
 
In April 2003, we entered into a share transfer agreement with CEA Holding, pursuant to which we have acquired from CEA Holding a 45% equity interest in Eastern Aviation Import and Export Company, or EAIEC, for a consideration of approximately RMB44 million. EAIEC was a wholly-owned subsidiary of CEA Holding prior to the transaction. Under the share transfer agreement, our Company and CEA Holding each undertakes to the other party that it will not establish any other entity engaging in any business similar in nature or scope to the business conducted by EAIEC.
 
In December 2003, we also entered into a joint venture agreement with CEA Holding to establish China Eastern Air Catering Investment Company Ltd., or CEA Catering. The registered capital of CEA Catering is RMB350 million. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement, CEA Holding and our Company made capital contributions of approximately RMB192.5 million and RMB157.5 million, respectively. As a result, CEA Holding and our Company hold a 55% and a 45% equity interest in CEA Catering, respectively. CEA Catering is primarily engaged in the business of providing air and ground catering services, food and beverage supplies and other related services.
 
In addition, also in December 2003, we entered into an equity transfer and capital increase agreement with CEA Holding and Shanghai Eastern Development Corporation Limited, or SEDC, pursuant to which our Company acquired 10% of SEDC’s then equity interest and 35% of CEA Holding’s then equity interest in Shanghai Dong Mei Aviation Travel Corporation Limited, a company that is primarily engaged in the business of selling air tickets, hotel reservation, travel agency and other related services. After the transaction, our Company holds a 45% equity interest in Shanghai Dong Mei. Our aggregate investment in Shanghai Dong Mei was approximately RMB14.9 million.
 
On February 18, 2004, we entered into a joint venture agreement with CEA Holding to establish China Eastern Real Estate Investment Co., Ltd., or CEA Real Estate, a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC. The registered capital of CEA Real Estate is RMB100 million. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement, our Company has made its capital contribution of RMB5 million in cash. As a result, our Company owns a 5% equity interest in CEA Real Estate. CEA Real Estate is primarily engaged in the real estate business, including the development and sales of commercial premises and property leasing in Shanghai, China.
 
On August 18, 2004, we entered into a joint venture agreement with China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company and China Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd. to establish Shanghai Eastern Logistics Co., Ltd., or Eastern Logistics, a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC. The registered capital of Eastern Logistics is RMB200 million. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement, our Company has made its capital contribution of RMB138.6 million in cash to Eastern Logistics. Our Company, directly and indirectly, owns a 70% equity interest in Eastern Logistics. Eastern Logistics is primarily engaged in the provision of cargo logistics services. Eastern Logistics commenced operations after it obtained its business license from the relevant government authority on August 23, 2004.
 
11

 
Pursuant to the CAAC’s airline industry restructuring plan, EA Group merged with Yunnan Airlines Company and China Northwest Airlines Company and formed CEA Holding in October 2002. Yunnan Airlines Company and China Northwest Airlines Company were restructured as wholly-owned subsidiaries of CEA Holding after the merger and renamed as China Eastern Air Yunnan Company, or CEA Yunnan, and China Eastern Air Northwest Company, or CEA Northwest, respectively. CEA Northwest is based in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province in China with approximately 30 jet aircraft and serves primarily the western region of China. CEA Yunnan is based in Kunming, Yunnan Province in China with approximately 26 jet aircraft and serves primarily the southwestern region of China. The airline operations conducted by CEA Yunnan and CEA Northwest previously competed with our Company, in particular, on the Shanghai-Wenzhou route, Shanghai-Harbin route, Shanghai-Qingdao route, Shanghai-Changsha route, Changchun-Kunming route, Changsha-Ningbo route, Changsha-Kunming route and Changsha-Nanjing route.
 
In order to further expand our business and enhance our market competitiveness, we acquired from CEA Holding certain selected assets and liabilities relating to the aviation businesses of CEA Yunnan and CEA Northwest pursuant to a conditional assets transfer agreement, or Acquisition Agreement, entered into by our Company, CEA Holding, CEA Yunnan and CEA Northwest on May 12, 2005. The certain selected assets acquired by our Company included aircraft, engines and aviation equipment and facilities, certain employees and operating contracts, and other fixed and current assets (whether owned or leased assets). We also assumed aggregate debts of RMB9,421 million. We expressly did not assume certain legal liabilities. Following the completion of the acquisitions of these assets and liabilities in June 2005, our Company assumed and took over the aviation operations and businesses previously carried out by CEA Yunnan and CEA Northwest in accordance with the Acquisition Agreement. The air routes of CEA Yunnan and CEA Northwest were also injected into our Company with such assets and liabilities. The total consideration paid by our Company under the Acquisition Agreement was approximately RMB640 million in cash.
 
Under the Acquisition Agreement, each of CEA Holding, CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan has undertaken that at any time after completion of the Acquisition Agreement, it will not, and will procure its respective subsidiaries and associated companies (including members of CEA Holding) not to, carry out, engage in or otherwise become involved or interested in any business which competes or may compete, either directly or indirectly, with our Company’s aviation business. The undertaking is not made for any definite period.
 
On March 14, 2006, we entered into an official sponsorship agreement with the Bureau of 2010 Expo Shanghai (the “Bureau”), which designated our Company as the exclusive airline passenger carrier in China to sponsor the 2010 Shanghai Expo. Pursuant to the agreement, we are entitled to a number of rights, including the use of the Bureau’s logos and trademarks and the slogan “Better City, Better Life”, and priority to purchase advertising space at the Expo site. We are also able to enjoy the privileges of being a market development participant of the World Expo. The total sponsorship fee under the agreement is RMB320 million, of which RMB160 million will be paid in cash in installments and the remaining RMB160 million will be settled by value-in-kind services. See Note 14(b) to our audited consolidated financial statements for details. As part of our five-year World Expo service strategy, we have increased the number of our aircraft, expanded our route network, improved our in-cabin and ground services, and developed our aircraft maintenance and repair capabilities. We believe that, as the designated partner airline for World Expo 2010 Shanghai and with our core operations in Shanghai, one of China’s principal air transportation hubs, we are well-positioned to enhance our brand image and overall operations.
 
On December 27, 2006, our Board of Directors passed a resolution to dispose of certain aged aircraft and related flight equipment in the forthcoming 12-months in light of the poor market reception and the high maintenance cost of these aircraft. These aircraft together with the related flight equipment and spare parts have been classified as non-current assets held for sale as of December 31, 2006. Prior to the reclassification, a valuation deficit of RMB1,035 million for these assets was recognized in the income statement as a result of the asset revaluation. For more details, see Note 35 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
 
On August 16, 2007, we established China Eastern Airlines Gifting Co., Ltd. , a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC. The registered capital of China Eastern Airlines Gifting Co., Ltd. is RMB50 million. Our Company directly owns a 100% equity interest in China Eastern Airlines Gifting Co., Ltd.   China Eastern Airlines Gifting Co., Ltd., which commenced operations after obtaining its business license from the relevant government authority on August 17, 2007, is primarily engaged in the provision of marketing services.
 
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On September 2, 2007, we entered into a non-binding agreement with Singapore Airlines Limited (“SIA”) and Lentor Investments Pte. Ltd (“Temasek”) for a proposed investment by SIA and Temasek in our Company through a subscription for new H shares, subject to legally binding documents to be entered into at a later date. SIA is primarily engaged in providing air transportation services on a global basis. Temasek, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited, is an investment company. On November 9, 2007, we entered into several agreements with SIA and Temasek that provided detailed terms of the investment, including: (1) the Subscription Agreement between SIA, Temasek and our Company in which SIA and Temasek would subscribe for new H shares that would represent approximately 25% and 13%, respectively, of our existing H shares for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$923.3 million (HK$7.2 billion); (2) the CEA Holding Subscription Agreement between CEA Holding and our Company in which CEA Holding would subscribe for new H shares for approximately 23% of existing H shares (in addition to their current holdings) for an aggregate consideration of US$538.6 million (HK$4.2 billion); (3) the Cooperation Agreement between SIA and our Company in which the key areas of strategic alliance and cooperation between the two parties are described, subject to termination at the option of either party; and (4) the Personnel Secondment Agreement between SIA and our Company in which the terms for the secondment of SIA personnel to executive positions within our Company are detailed, subject to termination upon the termination of the Cooperation Agreement. As shareholders’ approval of the issuance of new H shares was a condition precedent in both the Subscription Agreement and the CEA Holding Subscription Agreement, we convened a general meeting on January 8, 2008 for shareholders to vote on the pending resolutions. We did not obtain shareholder approval at that meeting for the issuance of new H shares and currently have no plans to attempt another shareholder vote. Under the terms of the agreements, the Subscription Agreement and CEA Holding Subscription Agreement will expire on or before August 9, 2008 if the conditions precedent are not fulfilled.
 
On November 16, 2007, our Company, CEA Holding and East China Care System Co., Ltd. entered into an equity transfer agreement regarding our interest in China Eastern Air Investment Company Limited. Our Company agreed to dispose of our entire interest of 98.8% in China Eastern Air Investment Company Limited for the consideration of RMB461.9 million, while East China Care System Co., Ltd. also agreed to dispose of its entire 1.2% interest in China Eastern Air Investment Company Limited for the consideration of RMB5.7 million.
 
The table below sets forth details of our operating fleet since December 31, 2003 (including our acquisition or assumption of ownership of or leases for 60 aircraft as part of our acquisition of certain selected assets and liabilities relating to the aviation businesses of CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan in 2005) and planned additions for the year 2008 and 2009:
 
   
No. of
Aircraft
Owned
and under
Finance
Leases
 
No. of
Aircraft
under
Operating
Leases
 
No. of
Aircraft
Owned
and under
Finance
Leases
 
No. of
Aircraft
under
Operating
Leases
 
No. of
Aircraft
Owned
and under
Finance
Leases
 
No. of 
Aircraft
under
Operating
Leases
 
No. of
Aircraft
Owned
and under
Finance
Leases
 
No. of
Aircraft
under
Operating
Leases
 
Planned Additions
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
2008
 
2009
 
                                           
A340-600
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
   
 
A340-300
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
   
 
A330-300
   
   
   
   
   
   
7
   
5
   
7
   
3
   
 
A330-200
   
   
   
   
   
   
3
   
1
   
3
   
1
   
 
A300-600
   
7
   
3
   
10
   
3
   
9
   
   
8
   
   
   
 
A310
   
   
   
3
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
A321
   
2
   
   
4
   
   
6
   
   
10
   
   
5
   
 
A320
   
25
   
10
   
37
   
26
   
37
   
26
   
39
   
26
   
8
   
10
 
A319
   
   
10
   
   
10
   
3
   
10
   
5
   
10
   
   
 
MD-90
   
9
   
   
9
   
   
9
   
   
9
   
   
   
 
MD-82
   
   
3
   
   
3
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
B737NG
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
B737-800
   
   
   
   
3
   
   
7
   
   
7
   
1
   
3
 
B737-700
   
4
   
7
   
8
   
14
   
14
   
15
   
16
   
15
   
1
   
7
 
B737-300
   
3
   
3
   
13
   
6
   
13
   
10
   
16
   
7
   
   
 
B767-300
   
   
   
3
   
   
3
   
   
3
   
   
   
 
B787
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
EMB145
   
   
   
3
   
   
7
   
   
10
   
   
   
 
CRJ-200
   
   
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
5
   
   
   
 
A300F
   
   
1
   
   
2
   
1
   
1
   
2
   
   
   
 
B747F
   
   
   
   
2
   
1
   
2
   
2
   
1
   
   
 
MD-11F
   
6
   
   
6
   
   
6
   
   
6
   
   
   
 
Total
 
103
180
205
 
147
   
76
   
19
   
20
 
 
13

 
B.   Business Overview
 
Our Company was one of the three largest air carriers in China in terms of revenue tonne-kilometers and number of passengers carried in 2007, and is the primary air carrier serving Shanghai, China’s eastern gateway and largest city. We accounted for approximately 21.0% of the total commercial air traffic (as measured in revenue tonne-kilometers, or RTKs) handled by Chinese airlines in 2007. We operate primarily from Shanghai’s Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. In 2007, we accounted for 37.0% and 29.4% of all the flight traffic at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport, respectively. In 2007, we accounted for approximately 33.9% of the total passenger traffic volume and 17.9% of the total freight volume on routes to and from Shanghai. We have been consistently ranked as one of the best Chinese airlines in terms of service quality in each of the past seven years according to a poll conducted by the China Civil Aviation Association.
 
Compared to 2006, our traffic volume (as measured in RTKs) increased by 11.3% from 6,931.0 million in 2006 to 7,713.9 million in 2007. Our passenger traffic volume (as measured in revenue passenger-kilometers, or RPKs) increased from 50,271.9 million in 2006 to 57,182.6 million in 2007, or 13.8%. Our cargo and mail traffic volume (as measured in revenue freight tonne-kilometers, or RFTKs) increased by 7.0% from 2,444.0 million in 2006 to 2,614.1 million in 2007. In 2007, our average on-time performance rate was approximately 84.3%, which was higher than the industry average rate of approximately 80.0% in China.
 
Our Operations by Activity
 
The following table sets forth our traffic revenues by activity for each of the three years ended December 31, 2007:  
 
 
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
 
 
(millions of
RMB)
 
(millions of
RMB)
 
(millions of
RMB)
 
Traffic Revenues
             
Passengers (1)
   
23,183
   
33,490
   
37,537
 
Cargo and mail (2)
   
2,731
   
2,843
   
3,114
 
Total Traffic Revenues
   
25,914
   
36,333
   
40,651
 
____________
(1)    includes revenues generated from cargo carried by passenger flights.
(2)    excludes revenues generated from cargo carried by passenger flights.
 
In accordance with industry practice, we exclude cargo carried by passenger flights when calculating passenger related operating statistics, such as passenger traffic volume, passenger capacity, passenger yield and passenger load factor, and we include cargo carried by passenger flights when calculating cargo and mail related operating statistics, such as cargo and mail traffic volume, cargo and mail capacity, cargo and mail yield and cargo and mail load factor. However, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we include cargo carried by passenger flights in our financial information when calculating passenger revenues and exclude cargo carried by passenger flights from our financial information when calculating cargo and mail revenues. As such, the trends in our financial information are not representative of the trends in our operating statistics. The discussion of our operating statistics below follows industry practice.
 
Passenger Operations
 
The following table sets forth certain passenger operating statistics of our Company by route for each of the three years ended December 31, 2007:
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
               
Passenger Traffic (in RPKs) (millions)
   
36,381
   
50,272
   
57,183
 
                     
Domestic
   
20,278
   
31,272
   
35,492
 
Hong Kong
   
3,284
   
3,522
   
3,305
 
International
   
12,819
   
15,478
   
18,386
 
                     
Passenger Capacity (in ASKs) (millions)
   
52,428
   
70,468
   
77,717
 
Domestic
   
27,468
   
42,687
   
46,166
 
Hong Kong
   
5,288
   
5,554
   
5,075
 
International
   
19,672
   
22,227
   
26,476
 
                     
 
14

 
   
  2005
 
  2006
 
  2007
 
                  
Passenger Yield (RMB)
   
0.57
   
0.61
   
0.61
 
Domestic
   
0.56
   
0.61
   
0.61
 
Hong Kong
   
0.76
   
0.71
   
0.65
 
International
   
0.54
   
0.58
   
0.61
 
                     
Passenger Load Factor (%)
   
69.39
   
71.34
   
73.58
 
Domestic
   
73.82
   
73.26
   
76.88
 
Hong Kong
   
62.10
   
63.39
   
65.12
 
International
   
65.16
   
69.64
   
69.44
 
 
The primary focus of our business is the provision of domestic, Hong Kong regional and international passenger airline services. We operated approximately 6,275 scheduled flights per week (excluding charter flights), serving a route network that covers 138 cities within China and abroad. In 2007, we operated a total of approximately 467 routes.
 
In 2007, we operated approximately 4,912 domestic flights per week on 351 routes. Our domestic routes generated approximately 61.8% of our passenger revenues. Our most heavily traveled domestic routes generally link Shanghai to the large commercial and business centers of China, such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. We also operated approximately 436 flights per week on 18 routes to and from Hong Kong, originating from Shanghai and 17 other major cities in eastern, northern and western China. Our Hong Kong regional routes accounted for approximately 6.1% of our passenger revenues in 2007.
 
In 2007, we operated approximately 352 international flights per week on 98 routes, serving 54 cities in 20 countries, primarily linking Shanghai to major cities in Asian and Southeast Asian countries (such as Japan, Korea, India, Singapore, Thailand and Bangladesh) and certain strategic locations in Europe, the United States and Australia. In 2006, we gradually introduced several routes to further improve our route network, such as Shanghai-Frankfurt, Shanghai-New York, Beijing-Seoul, Hangzhou-Qingzhou and Weihai-Seoul. In 2007, we introduced a few new international routes, including Shanghai-Maldives-Johannesburg, Hongqiao-Haneda, Beijing-Dalian-Okayama, Shanghai-Seoul-Bangkok and Hongqiao-Gimpo. Revenues derived from our operations on international routes accounted for approximately 32.1% of our passenger revenues. Revenues derived from our operations on our 23 routes to and from Japan accounted for approximately 9.5% of our passenger revenues and approximately 29.5% of our international passenger revenues in 2007.
 
Following its investigation into an incident that involved the return of certain of our flights to their departure points without reaching their intended destination, the CAAC Southwest Bureau found that certain flight returns were a result of pilot mishandling. As a result, two of our flight routes, namely the Kunming—Banna and Kunming—Dali routes, were suspended by the CAAC Southwest Bureau as of May 4, 2008. In addition, from April 26, 2008, the CAAC Southwest Bureau reduced the number of our Company’s flights in the Yunnan region as follows: a decrease of 6 flights per day between Kunming and Lijiang, a decrease of 6 flights per day between Kunming and Zhongdian, a decrease of 2 flights per day between Kunming and Mangshi, a decrease of 2 flights per day between Kunming and Lincang, a decrease of 2 flights per day between Kunming and Simao and a decrease of 2 flights per day between Kunming and Wenshan. Revenues derived from the suspended and reduced flights accounted for approximately 1.5% of our total revenue from principal operations in 2007. See “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors”.  
 
Most of our international and Hong Kong regional flights and a substantial portion of our domestic flights either originate or terminate in Shanghai, the central hub of our route network. Our operations in Shanghai are conducted primarily at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. All of our international flights to or from Shanghai originate or terminate at Pudong International Airport. Pudong International Airport is a newly constructed airport and is approximately 30 kilometers from the central business district of Shanghai.
 
We operate most of our flights through our three hubs located in eastern, northwestern and southwestern China, namely Shanghai, Xi’an and Kunming, respectively. We believe that we will benefit from the level of development and growth opportunities in eastern, northern and western China as a whole by providing direct services between various cities in those regions and between those regions and other major cities in China. The provincial hubs also enable us to provide convenient connections for passengers on certain flights to and from Shanghai. Aircraft used for regional operations are mainly maintained by us on site at the hubs, and our sales   offices are also based at each provincial hub. In addition, we are also in the process of developing our operations in Beijing and Guangzhou as our principal bases for northern China and southern China, respectively.
 
15

 
Cargo and Mail Operations  
 
The following table sets forth certain cargo and mail operating statistics of our Company by route for each of the three years ended December 31, 2007:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cargo and Mail Traffic (in RFTKs) (millions)
   
2,152
   
2,444
   
2,614
 
Domestic
   
410
   
575
   
609
 
Hong Kong
   
135
   
141
   
118
 
International
   
1,607
   
1,728
   
1,888
 
 
             
Cargo and Mail Capacity (in AFTKs) (millions)
   
4,033
   
4,723
   
5,091
 
Domestic
   
713
   
1,060
   
1,228
 
Hong Kong
   
314
   
351
   
274
 
International
   
3,005
   
3,313
   
3,589
 
 
             
Cargo and Mail Yield (RMB)
   
2.31
   
2.30
   
2.10
 
Domestic
   
0.85
   
0.87
   
0.98
 
Hong Kong
   
4.76
   
5.24
   
4.49
 
International
   
2.48
   
2.54
   
2.31
 
 
             
Cargo and Mail Load Factor (%)
   
53.35
   
51.74
   
51.34
 
Domestic
   
57.41
   
54.24
   
49.55
 
Hong Kong
   
42.88
   
40.24
   
42.91
 
International
   
53.48
   
52.16
   
52.60
 
 
We are required to obtain from the CAAC the right to carry passengers or cargo on any domestic or international route. Our cargo and mail business generally utilizes the same route network used by our passenger airline business. China Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd. also maintains 27 cargo routes. We carry cargo and mail on our freight aircraft as well as in available cargo space on our passenger aircraft. Our most significant cargo and mail routes are international routes.
 
The development of cargo operations is an important part of our Company s growth strategy. We have six MD-11F freight aircraft for cargo and mail operations. We also have two Airbus A300F as well as three Boeing 747F freighters, one of which is under operating leases for our cargo operations in 2007.

Our Operations by Geographical Segment

Our revenues (net of business tax) by geographical segment are analyzed based on the following criteria:
 
(1)  
Traffic revenue from services within the PRC (excluding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”)) is classified as domestic operations. Traffic revenue from inbound and outbound services between the PRC and Hong Kong or overseas markets is classified under Hong Kong or the relevant overseas locations.
 
(2)  
Revenue from ticket handling services, airport ground services and other miscellaneous services are classified on the basis of where the services are performed.
 
The following table sets forth our revenues by geographical segment for each of the three years ended December 31, 2007:

   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
(millions of RMB)
 
(millions of RMB)
 
(millions of RMB)
 
               
Domestic (the PRC, excluding Hong Kong)
   
13,358
   
20,949
   
24,125
 
Hong Kong
   
3,150
   
3,245
   
2,695
 
Japan
   
2,644
   
3,583
   
3,642
 
Other countries
   
8,302
   
9,857
   
12,059
 
Total
   
27,454
   
37,634
   
42,521
 
 
16

 
Regulation    
 
The PRC Civil Aviation Law provides the framework for regulation of many important aspects of civil aviation activities in China, including:
 
·
the administration of airports and air traffic control systems;
 
·
aircraft registration and aircraft airworthiness certification;
 
·
operational safety standards; and
 
·
the liabilities of carriers.
 
The Chinese airline industry is also subject to a high degree of regulation by the CAAC. Regulations issued or implemented by the CAAC encompass virtually every aspect of airline operations, including route allocation, domestic airfare, licensing of pilots, operational safety standards, aircraft acquisition, aircraft airworthiness certification, fuel prices, standards for aircraft maintenance and air traffic control and standards for airport operations. Although China’s airlines operate under the supervision and regulation of the CAAC, they are accorded a significant degree of operational autonomy. These areas of operational autonomy include:
 
·
whether to apply for any route;
 
·
the allocation of aircraft among routes;
 
·
the airfare pricing for the international and Hong Kong passenger routes;
 
·
the airfare pricing within the limit provided by the CAAC for the domestic passenger routes;
 
·
the acquisition of aircraft and spare parts;
 
·
the training and supervision of personnel; and
 
·
many other areas of day-to-day operations.
 
Although we have generally been allocated adequate routes in the past to accommodate our expansion plans and other changes in our operations, those routes are subject to allocation and re-allocation in response to changes in governmental policies or otherwise at the discretion of the CAAC. Consequently, we cannot assure you that our route structure will be adequate to satisfy our expansion plans.
 
The CAAC has established regulatory policies intended to promote controlled growth of the Chinese airline industry. We believe those policies will be beneficial to the development of and prospects for the Chinese airline industry as a whole. Nevertheless, those regulatory policies could limit our flexibility to respond to changes in market conditions, competition or our cost structure. Moreover, while our Company generally benefits from regulatory policies that are beneficial to the airline industry in China as a whole, the implementation of specific regulatory policies may from time to time materially and adversely affect our business operations.
 
Because our Company provides services on international routes, we are also subject to a variety of bilateral civil air transport agreements between China and other countries. In addition, China is a contracting state as well as a permanent member of the International Civil Aviation Organization, an agency of the United Nations established in 1947 to assist in the planning and development of the international air transportation. The International Civil Aviation Organization establishes technical standards for the international airline industry. China is also a party to a number of other international aviation conventions. The business operations of our Company are also subject to those international aviation conventions.
 
Domestic Route Rights
 
Chinese airlines must obtain from the CAAC the right to carry passengers or cargo on any domestic route. The CAAC’s policy on domestic route rights is to assign routes to the airline or airlines suitable for a particular route. The CAAC will take into account whether an applicant for a route is based at the point of origin or termination of a particular route. This policy benefits airlines, such as our Company, that have a hub located at each of the active air traffic centers in China. The CAAC also considers other factors that will make a particular airline suitable for an additional route, including the applicant’s safety record, previous on-time performance and level of service and availability of aircraft and pilots. The CAAC will consider the market conditions applicable to any given route before such route is allocated to one or more airlines. Generally, the CAAC will permit additional airlines to service a route that is already being serviced only when there is strong demand for a particular route relative to the available supply. The CAAC’s current general policy is to require the passenger load factor of one or two airlines on a particular route to reach a certain level before another carrier is permitted to commence operations on such route.
 
17

 
Hong Kong Route Rights
 
Hong Kong routes and the corresponding landing rights were formerly derived from the Sino-British air services agreement. In February 2000, the PRC Government, acting through the CAAC, and Hong Kong signed the Air Transportation Arrangement between mainland China and Hong Kong. The Air Transportation Arrangement provides for equal opportunity for airlines based in Hong Kong and mainland China. Competition from airlines based in Hong Kong increased after the execution of the Air Transportation Arrangement. The CAAC normally will not allocate an international route or a Hong Kong route to more than one domestic airline unless certain criteria, including minimum load factors on existing flights, are met. There is more than one Chinese airline company on certain of our Hong Kong routes.
 
The CAAC and the Economic Development and Labor Bureau of Hong Kong announced that they have reached an agreement in 2007 to further expand the Air Transportation Arrangement. This agreement will increase the routes between Hong Kong and mainland China to expand coverage to most major cities in mainland China. The capacity limits for passenger and/or cargo services on most routes will also be gradually lifted. Beginning from the winter of 2007, each side designated three airline companies to operate passenger and/or cargo flights and another airline company to operate all-cargo flights on the majority of the routes between Hong Kong and mainland China.
 
International Route Rights
 
International route rights, along with the corresponding landing rights, are derived from air services agreements negotiated between the PRC Government, acting through the CAAC, and the government of the relevant foreign country. Each government grants to the other the right to designate one or more domestic airlines to operate scheduled services between certain points within each country. Under the new air services agreement entered into between China and the U.S. in May 2007, the number of daily round-trip flights will increase from current 12 to 23 before 2012. As a result, the CAAC also expects to receive applications from Chinese airlines to fly international passenger routes. The CAAC awards the relevant route to an airline based on various criteria, including:
 
 
·
availability of appropriate aircraft and flight personnel;
 
 
·
safety record;
 
 
·
on-time performance; and
 
 
·
hub location.
 
Although hub location is an important criterion, an airline may be awarded a route which does not originate from an airport where it has a hub. The route rights awarded do not have a fixed expiry date and can be terminated at the discretion of the CAAC.
 
Airfare Pricing Policy
 
The PRC Civil Aviation Law provides that airfares for domestic routes are determined jointly by the CAAC and the agency of the State Council responsible for price control, primarily based upon average airline operating costs and market conditions. From February 1999 to March 2001, all domestic airlines were required to adhere to unified domestic airfares published by the CAAC from time to time and discounted sales were prohibited. In 2001, the CAAC gradually relaxed its control over domestic airfare pricing and, effective March 1, 2001, domestic airlines were permitted to offer discounts on several major domestic routes.
 
On March 17, 2004, China’s State Council approved the Pricing Reform Plan for the Domestic Civil Aviation Industry, or the Pricing Reform Plan, effective April 20, 2004. Pursuant to the Pricing Reform Plan, the governmental authorities responsible for price control no longer directly set the airfares for domestic routes, but indirectly control the airfares for domestic routes by setting basic airfare levels and permitted ranges within which the actual fares charged by Chinese airlines can deviate from such basic airfare levels. Chinese airlines are able to set their own airfares for their domestic routes within the permitted ranges and adopt more flexible sales policies to promote their services.
 
The CAAC and the National Development and Reform Commission, or NDRC, jointly publish the pricing guidelines from time to time, which set forth the basic airfare levels and permitted ranges. Pursuant to the current pricing guidelines, the basic airfares for domestic routes are the published airfares implemented by Chinese airlines immediately prior to the approval of the Pricing Reform Plan (the average basic airfare for domestic routes is RMB0.75 per passenger-kilometer). Except for certain domestic routes, the actual airfare set by each Chinese airline for its domestic routes cannot be 25% higher and 45% lower than the basic airfare. Domestic routes that are not subject to the deviation range restrictions include short-haul routes between cities in the same province or autonomous region, or between a municipality and adjacent provinces, autonomous regions or another municipality. Certain tourist routes and routes served by only one Chinese airline are not subject to the bottom range restriction. The CAAC and the NDRC will announce the routes that are not subject to the deviation range restrictions through the airfare information system known as Airtis.net. Chinese airlines may apply to the CAAC and the NDRC for exemption from the bottom range restriction for a particular route. Chinese airlines are also required to file the actual airfare they set for their domestic routes within the ranges through Airtis.net 30 days prior to its implementation.
 
18

 
The CAAC and the NDRC will regularly review the average operating costs of Chinese airlines, and may adjust the basic airfare for particular domestic routes which, in their view, is not at a reasonable level. We expect that, as reforms continue in 2008, we will have more flexibility in operating our aviation business in the future. The promotion by Chinese regulators of a regulated and orderly market and a fair and positive competition mechanism will also provide a favorable environment for the growth of our business.
 
Under the PRC Civil Aviation Law, maximum airfares on Hong Kong and international routes are set in accordance with the terms of the air services agreements pursuant to which these routes are operated. In the absence of an air services agreement, airfares are set by the airlines themselves or by the CAAC with reference to comparable market prices, taking into account the international airfare standards established through the coordination of the International Air Transport Association, which organizes periodic air traffic conferences for the purpose of coordinating international airfares. Discounts are permitted on Hong Kong and international routes. For the airline industry in China as a whole, the airfare per kilometer is substantially higher for Hong Kong and international routes than for domestic routes.
 
Acquisition of Aircraft and Spare Parts
 
Most Chinese airlines are required to purchase their aircraft, aircraft spare parts and other aviation equipment through the China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Group Corporation, or the CASC Group, an entity controlled by the CAAC. If a Chinese airline plans to acquire an aircraft, the airline must first seek approval from the CAAC and NDRC and must, as a condition of approval, provide specific acquisition plans, which are subject to modification by the CAAC and NDRC. If approval of an aircraft acquisition is obtained, the airline negotiates the terms of the acquisition with the manufacturer together with the CASC Group because the CASC Group possesses the license required to import or export aircraft and is entitled to receive a commission. Our Company is permitted to import aircraft, aircraft spare parts and other equipment for our own use from manufacturers through EAIEC , which is 55% owned by CEA Holding and 45% owned by our Company, without the participation of CASC. This gives us freedom in rationalizing our maintenance practices by allowing us to maintain a relatively lower overall inventory level of aircraft parts and equipment than we otherwise would have to maintain. We are still required to obtain an approval from the NDRC for any import of aircraft. We generally pay a commission to EAIEC in connection with these imports.
 
Domestic Fuel Supply and Pricing
 
The Civil Aviation Oil Supply Company, or CAOSC, which is controlled by the CAAC, is currently the dominant civil aviation fuel supply company in China. We currently purchase a significant portion of our domestic fuel supply from CAOSC. The PRC Government determines the fuel price at which the CAOSC acquires fuel from domestic suppliers and the CAAC issues a guidance price. The retail price at which the CAOSC resells fuel to airline customers is set within a specified range based on this guidance price.
 
Safety
 
The CAAC has made the improvement of air traffic safety in China a high priority. The CAAC is responsible for the establishment of operational safety, maintenance and training standards for all Chinese airlines, which have been formulated based on international standards. Each Chinese airline is required to provide flight safety reports to the CAAC, including reports of flight incidents or accidents involving its aircraft which occurred during the relevant reporting period and other safety related problems. The CAAC conducts safety inspections on each airline periodically.
 
The CAAC oversees the training of most Chinese airline pilots through its operation of the pilot training college. The CAAC implements a unified pilot certification process applicable to all Chinese airline pilots and is responsible for the issuance, renewal, suspension and cancellation of pilot licenses. Each pilot is required to pass the CAAC-administered examinations before obtaining a pilot license and is subject to an annual examination in order to have such certification renewed.
 
19

 
All aircraft operated by Chinese airlines, other than a limited number of leased aircraft registered in foreign countries, are required to be registered with the CAAC. All of our aircraft are registered with the CAAC. All aircraft operated by Chinese airlines must have a valid certificate of airworthiness issued and annually renewed by the CAAC. In addition, maintenance permits are issued to a Chinese airline only after the maintenance capabilities of that Chinese airline have been examined and assessed by the CAAC. These maintenance permits are renewed annually. All aircraft operated by Chinese airlines may be maintained and repaired only by CAAC certified maintenance facilities, whether located within or outside China. Aircraft maintenance personnel must be certified by the CAAC before assuming aircraft maintenance posts.
 
Security
 
The CAAC establishes and oversees the implementation of security standards and regulations based on the PRC laws and standards established by international civil aviation organizations. Each airline is required to submit to the CAAC an aviation security handbook describing specific security procedures established by the airline for the day-to-day operations and security training for staff. Such security procedures must be formulated based on the relevant CAAC regulations. Chinese airlines that operate international routes must also adopt security measures in accordance with the requirements of the relevant international agreements. We believe that our Company is in compliance with all applicable security regulations.
 
Noise and Environmental Regulation
 
All airlines and airports in China are required to comply with noise and environmental regulations of the State Environmental Protection Agency that are modeled on international standards. The CAAC regulations allow Chinese airports to refuse take-off and landing rights to any aircraft that does not comply with State noise regulations. We believe that our Company is in compliance with all applicable noise and environmental regulations.
 
Chinese Airport Policy
 
Prior to September 2003, all civilian airports in China were operated directly by the CAAC or by provincial or municipal governments. In September 2003, as part of the restructuring of the aviation industry in China, the CAAC handed over 93 civilian airports to provincial or municipal governments. The CAAC retained the authority to determine the take-off and landing charges, as well as charges on airlines for the use of airports and airport services. Prior to 2004, Chinese airlines were generally required to collect from their passengers on behalf of the CAAC a levy for contribution to the civil aviation infrastructure fund, which was used for improving China’s civilian airport facilities. Our revenue for the previous years is shown net of this levy. In 2003, the levy was 5% of domestic airfares and 2% of international airfares. The levy was waived by the CAAC from May 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003. With effect from September 2004, the civil aviation infrastructure levies, now paid to the Ministry of Finance, have been reflected in air fares of Chinese airlines rather than collected as a separate levy.
 
Limitation on Foreign Ownership
 
The CAAC’s present policies limit foreign ownership in Chinese airlines. Under these limits, non-Chinese residents and Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan residents cannot aggregately hold a majority of our total outstanding shares. Currently, approximately 32.2% of our total outstanding shares are held by non-Chinese residents and Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan residents (excluding the qualified foreign institutional investors that are approved to invest in the A Share market of the PRC).
 
Competition
 
Domestic
 
Domestic competition from other Chinese airlines has been increasing recently as our competitors have increased capacity and expanded operations by adding new routes or additional flights to existing routes and acquiring other airlines. In addition, we face increasing competition from entrants to our domestic markets as new investments into China’s civil aviation industry are made following the CAAC’s relaxation of certain private-sector investment rules in July 2005. We expect that competition in the future from other Chinese airlines on our routes will further increase as the CAAC promotes controlled competition in order to advance the growth of the domestic airline industry as a whole. Our Company competes against our domestic competitors primarily on the basis of safety, quality of service and frequency of scheduled flights. With the combination of our dominant position in Shanghai, our route network and our continued commitment to safety and service quality, we believe that our Company is well-positioned to compete against our domestic competitors in the growing airline industry in China.
 
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There are currently 23 passenger airlines operating in China, and our Company competes with many of them on various domestic routes. All of these airlines operate under the regulatory supervision of the CAAC. In July 2005, the CAAC introduced new rules to further open the civil aviation industry to domestic investors, including private-sector investors, which may result in the establishment of more new Chinese airlines and create more competition. Our Company, Air China Limited, or Air China, which is based in Beijing and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange, and China Southern Airlines Company Limited, or China Southern, which is based in Guangzhou and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, are the three leading air carriers in China, both in terms of revenue tonne-kilometers and size of operations. Each of these three airlines operates at least 400 routes and has a fleet of at least 200 jet aircraft. As of December 31, 2007, our Company, Air China and China Southern accounted for 21.4%, 28.2% and 25.7%, respectively, of the total commercial air traffic (as measured in RTKs) handled by Chinese airlines.
 
Each of the domestic airlines competes against other airlines operating the same routes or flying indirect routes to the same destinations. Our principal competitors in the domestic market are China Southern and Air China, which also provide transportation services on some of our routes, principally routes originating from the major air transportation hubs in China, such as Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Some of these routes are among our most heavily traveled routes. Since most of the major domestic airlines operate routes from their respective hubs to Shanghai, our Company also competes against virtually all of the major domestic airlines on these routes. The number of airlines operating flights to and from Shanghai has increased significantly in recent years. We also face domestic competition from Shanghai Airlines, an airline based in Shanghai which is smaller than our Company. Competition between Shanghai Airlines and us increases as Shanghai Airlines expands its long-haul capacity and operates routes to more cities served by our Company.
 
Hong Kong
 
Our high yielding Hong Kong routes are highly competitive. The primary competitor on our Hong Kong routes is Hong Kong Dragon Airlines Limited, or Dragonair. We currently operate approximately 460 flights per week on routes between 19 Chinese cities and Hong Kong. Dragonair competes with us on several of these routes. Moreover, in April 2003, Cathay Pacific Airways Limited, or Cathay, obtained licenses to fly to Beijing, Shanghai and Xiamen in China. Cathay commenced its services on the Hong Kong-Beijing, Hong Kong-Shanghai and Hong Kong-Xiamen routes in December 2003, January 2005 and February 2005, respectively. With Cathay commencing its operations on the Hong Kong-Shanghai route, we face more intensified competition on this route. Hong Kong Express Airways Limited commenced its services on Xi’an-Hong Kong route in April 2007. Hong Kong Airlines Limited also commenced its services on Nanchang-Hong Kong route in July 2007 and Hefei-Hong Kong route in December 2007, ending our exclusive services on both routes. In addition to the frequency and convenience of our flights and the number of routes offered, our Company’s competitive strategy for the Hong Kong routes also stresses safety and service quality. The new Air Transportation Arrangement signed between the PRC Government and the administrative government of Hong Kong in February 2000 provides for equal opportunity for airlines based in Hong Kong and mainland China. As a result, Dragonair has increased the frequency of its flights on several of our Hong Kong routes, resulting in intensified competition. Our Company also faces competition from Dragonair in our Hong Kong cargo operations.
 
On September 28, 2006, Cathay, which previously owned approximately 17.79% of Dragonair, acquired the remaining 82.21% equity interest in Dragonair, turning Dragonair into a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cathay. In connection with the acquisition, Cathay doubled its shareholding in Air China to 20% and Air China acquired approximately 10.16% equity interest in Cathay. Cathay and Air China also entered into an agreement to enhance cooperation between them in a number of operational areas, including operating all the passenger services of Cathay and Air China between Hong Kong and mainland China as joint venture routes under code-share and revenue and cost-pooling arrangements. Cathay’s acquisition of Dragonair and enhanced cooperation with Air China may further intensify the competition on the routes between Hong Kong and mainland China and impose greater competitive pressure on the other airline companies operating on these routes.
 
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At present, our Hong Kong routes benefit from traffic between Hong Kong and mainland China ultimately originating in Taiwan. During the Lunar Chinese New Year peak travel season from late-January to mid-February in 2003, the PRC Government allowed special chartered flights between Shanghai and Taiwan for the first time. During the Lunar Chinese New Year peak travel seasons from late-January to mid-February in 2006 and 2007, respectively, airlines from both mainland China and Taiwan (including our Company) operated 72 and 96 non-stop direct chartered flights between selected cities of mainland China and Taiwan. In 2006, the PRC Government allowed for the first time direct flights during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday from late-September to early-October. During this holiday, airlines from both mainland China and Taiwan (including our Company) operated 22 non-stop direct chartered flights on passenger traffic routes that included Beijing-Taipei, Shanghai-Taipei, Guangzhou-Taipei, Xiamen-Gaoxiong (Kaohsiung), and Xiamen-Taipei. In addition, direct flights were permitted for the first time during the observance of Qingming (Ching Ming) Festival from late-March to early-April in 2007. During this period, 11 airlines from both mainland China and Taiwan (including our Company) operated a total of 42 direct flights on the same passenger traffic routes. From July 2008, direct flights between Taiwan and mainland China are expected to be permitted on weekends from Fridays through Sundays on a regular basis, with a transition to direct flights on a daily basis by 2009. As such, our results of operations on Hong Kong routes could be materially and adversely affected. Although we are likely to be commissioned to be one of the several airlines for this mainland China - Taiwan direct air services, we cannot assure you that our Company can obtain sufficient Taiwan-mainland China routes or that the yields on these routes would be adequate to offset any material adverse effect on our revenues derived from operation on our Hong Kong routes.
 
In 1995, China National Aviation Corporation, or CNAC, which is controlled by Air China, acquired an interest in Air Macau. Air Macau started to operate routes in 1996 between Macau and mainland China, including routes to cities in mainland China such as Beijing, Shanghai, Xiamen and Wuhan. Air Macau also operates routes between Macau and Taiwan, including flights which allow passengers to travel between mainland China and Taiwan through Macau without changing planes in Macau. Air Macau’s routes provide an alternative to our Hong Kong routes for passengers traveling between Taiwan and mainland China. The airfares on some of Air Macau’s routes are significantly lower than airfares on our Company’s comparable routes.
 
International
 
We compete with Air China, China Southern and many other well-established foreign carriers on our international routes. Most of our international competitors are very well-known international carriers and are substantially larger than us and have substantially greater financial resources than we do. Many of our international competitors also have significantly longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we do. Some international passengers, who may perceive these airlines to be safer than Chinese airlines in general, may prefer to travel on these airlines. In addition, many of our international competitors have more extensive sales networks and utilize more developed reservation systems than ours, or engage in promotional activities, such as frequent flyer programs, that may be more popular than ours and effectively enhance their ability to attract international passengers. We also face significant competition in our international cargo operations. Moreover, China and the United States entered into an air service agreement on July 24, 2004. Pursuant to this agreement, five additional airlines from each country are allowed to serve the China-U.S. market over the next few years. It is expected that there will be a significant increase in China-U.S. air services over the next few years due to this agreement, which would further intensify competition in this market.
 
Air China operates the largest number of international routes among all Chinese airlines. Beijing, the hub of Air China’s operations, is the destination for most international flights to China. We compete with All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, Air China, Shanghai Airlines and Northwest Airlines, Inc. on our passenger routes to Japan. Hainan Airlines Company Limited,   China Southern and Hong Kong Express Airways Limited also entered the Japan market and had some impact on sales for our Osaka, Nagoya and Okinawa routes. On our Korean routes, we compete with Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, China Southern and Shanghai Airlines. Both Korean Air and Asiana Airlines increased their traffic capacity by over 40% for Korean routes. Our primary competition on our flights to Southeast Asia comes from Thai Airways International, Singapore Airlines and China Southern. On our passenger flights to the United States, our principal competitors include Northwest Airlines, Inc., United Airlines, American Airlines, Air China and China Southern. On our European routes, our competitors include Air China, the Air France-KLM Group, Virgin Atlantic Airways, British Airways and Lufthansa German Airlines. We compete with Air China and Qantas Airways Ltd. on our Australian routes. Our Company competes in the international market on the basis of price, service quality, frequency of scheduled flights and convenient sales arrangements. To improve our competitive position in international markets, we have established additional dedicated overseas sales offices, launched our own frequent flyer program, participated in the “Asia Miles” frequent flyer program which is popular in Asia, and entered into code-sharing arrangements with a number of foreign airlines. We have also improved our online reservation and payment system.
 
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Maintenance and Safety
 
The rapid increase in air traffic volume in China in recent years has put pressure on many components of the Chinese airline industry, including air traffic control systems, the availability of qualified flight personnel and airport facilities. In recent years, the CAAC has placed increasing emphasis on the safety of Chinese airline operations and has implemented a number of measures aimed at improving the safety record of the airlines. Our Company’s ability to provide safe air transportation in the future depends on the availability of qualified and experienced pilots in China and the improvement of maintenance services, national air traffic control and navigational systems and ground control operations at Chinese airports. Our Company has a good safety record and regards the safety of our flights as the most important component of our operations.
 
Maintenance Capability
 
We currently perform regular repair and maintenance checks for all of our aircraft. We are able to perform D1 checks on our Boeing 737 aircraft and C checks on MD-82, Airbus A320, A340-300 and A300-600 aircraft. We also perform certain maintenance services for other Chinese airlines. Our primary aircraft maintenance base is at Hongqiao Airport. We have additional maintenance bases at Pudong International Airport and each of our provincial hubs. Our maintenance staff in Shanghai supervises the operation of our regional maintenance facilities. Our Company currently employs approximately 6,043 workers as maintenance and engineering personnel. Some of our aircraft maintenance personnel participated in the manufacturer training and support programs sponsored by Airbus Industries G.I.E., or Airbus, and Boeing Corporation, or Boeing. In order to enhance our maintenance capabilities and to reduce our maintenance costs, we have, over the past few years, acquired additional maintenance equipment, tools and fixtures and other assets, such as airborne testing and aircraft data recovery and analysis equipment. Our Company’s avionics electronic equipment is primarily maintained and repaired at our electronic maintenance equipment center located in Shanghai, which was set up in cooperation with Honeywell, Inc. and is one of the largest and most advanced avionic electronic facilities in China.
 
We entered into a joint venture with Honeywell International Inc., formerly Allied Signal Inc., in Shanghai for the purpose of performing maintenance and repairs on aircraft wheel assemblies and brakes. Since October 1997, we have operated a maintenance hangar at Hongqiao Airport which has the capacity to house two wide-body aircraft. Our Company and Rockwell Collins International Inc. of the United States have also co-established Collins Aviation Maintenance Service Shanghai Limited, which is primarily engaged in the provision of repair and maintenance services for avionics and aircraft entertaining facilities in China. Our Company and Rockwell Collins International Inc. hold 35% and 65%, respectively, of the equity interests in the joint venture. Moreover, in November 2002, our Company, jointly with Aircraft Engineering Investment Limited, established Shanghai Eastern Aircraft Maintenance Limited, in which our Company holds 60% of the equity interests, to provide supplemental avionics and other maintenance services to our Company. STA, which was established in 2004 by our Company and Singapore Technologies Aerospace Ltd. under a joint venture agreement dated March 10, 2003, also provides us with aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul services.
 
The enhancement of our maintenance capabilities allows our Company to perform various maintenance operations in-house and continue to maintain lower spare parts inventory levels.
 
Safety
 
The provision of safe and reliable air services for all of our customers is one of our primary operational objectives. Our Company implements uniform safety standards and safety-related training programs in all operations. Our flight safety management division monitors and supervises our Company’s flight safety. We have had a flight safety committee since the commencement of our business, comprised of members of our senior management, to formulate policies and implement routine safety checks at our Shanghai headquarters and all provincial hubs. The flight safety committee meets monthly to review our overall operation safety record during the most recent quarter and to adopt measures to improve flight safety based upon these reviews. We have also implemented an employee incentive program, using a system of monetary rewards and discipline, to encourage compliance with the CAAC safety standards and our safety procedures. We periodically evaluate the skills, experience and safety records of our pilots in order to maintain strict control over the quality of our pilot crews.
 
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The management of each of our provincial hub operations is responsible for the flight safety operations at the respective hub under the supervision of our flight safety management division. We prepare monthly safety bulletins detailing recent developments in safety practices and procedures and distribute them to each of our flight crew, the maintenance department and the flight safety management department. The CAAC also requires our Company to prepare and submit semi-annual and annual flight safety reports.
 
All of our jet passenger aircraft pilots participated in the manufacturer training and support programs sponsored by Airbus and Boeing and are required to undergo recurrent flight simulator training and to participate in a flight theory course periodically. Our Company uses flight simulators for MD-82, A300-600R, A320 and A330/340 at our own training facility, the training facility located in the CAAC training center or overseas training facilities.
 
Fuel Supplies  
 
Fuel costs represented approximately 35.1% of our operating expenses in 2007. We currently purchase a significant portion of the aviation fuel for our domestic routes from regional branches of the CAOSC. Fuel costs in China are affected by costs at domestic refineries and limitations in the transportation infrastructure, as well as by insufficient storage facilities for aviation fuel in certain regions of China. We purchase a portion of the aviation fuel for our international routes from foreign fuel suppliers located at the destinations of these routes, generally at international market prices.
 
In 2007, our fuel expenses increased 11.1% as a result of increased weighted average domestic and international fuel prices, the expansion of our business operations and an increase in flying hours. In particular, in 2007, the weighted average fuel prices paid by our Company increased by approximately 1.7%.
 
Ground Facilities and Services
 
The center of our operations is Shanghai, one of China’s principal air transportation hubs. Our Shanghai operations are based at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. We currently also operate from various other airports in China, including Yaoqiang Airport in Jinan, Lukou Airport in Nanjing, Liuting Airport in Qingdao, Luogang Airport in Hefei, Changbei Airport in Nanchang, Wushu Airport in Taiyuan, Zhengding Airport in Shijiazhuang, Lishe Airport in Ningbo, Tianhe Airport in Wuhan, Wujiaba Airport in Kunming and Xianyang Airport in Xi’an. We own hangars, aircraft parking and other airport service facilities at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport and lease from CEA Holding certain buildings at Hongqiao Airport where our principal executive offices are located.
 
We have our own ground services and other operational services, such as aircraft cleaning and refueling and the handling of passengers and cargo for our operations at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. We also provide ground services for many other airlines that operate to and from Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. At other airports served by our Company, we generally contract for ground services with these airports or the principal airlines based at these airports for fees and other charges which are typically based on passenger or cargo volume or aircraft tonnage.
 
In-flight meals and other catering services for our Shanghai-originated flights are provided primarily by Shanghai Eastern Air Catering Limited Liability Company, a joint venture company affiliated with CEA Holding. We generally contract with local catering companies for flights originating from other airports. We have improved the quality of our in-flight meal service in recent years.
 
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We incur certain airport usage fees and other charges for services performed by the airports from which our Company operates flights, such as air traffic control charges, take-off and landing fees, aircraft parking fees and fees payable in connection with the use of passenger waiting rooms and check-in counter space. At domestic airports, such fees are generally charged at rates prescribed by the CAAC, which are lower than rates generally in effect at airports outside China.
 
Marketing and Sales  
 
Passenger Operations
 
Our marketing strategy with respect to passenger operations is primarily aimed at increasing our market share for all categories of air travelers. With respect to our Hong Kong and international routes, we are permitted to market our services on the basis of price. We also have limited flexibility in setting our airfares for domestic routes after the implementation of the Pricing Reform Plan in April 2004, and therefore are able to adjust our domestic airfares in response to market demand. As part of our overall marketing strategy, we emphasize our commitment to safety and service quality. We believe that emphasis on safety is a critical component of our ability to compete successfully. In order to improve our customer services, we participated in joint cabin crew training and exchange programs with foreign airlines, including Asiana Airlines and Japan Airlines.
 
We have also adopted customized strategies to market our services to particular travelers. We seek to establish long-term customer relationships with business entities that have significant air travel requirements. In order to attract and retain business travelers, we focus on frequency of flights between major business centers, convenient transit services and an extensive sales network. We launched our “Golden Swallow” frequent flyer program in 1998 and joined the “Asia Miles” frequent flyer program in April 2001 to attract and retain travelers. In August 2003, we changed the name of our frequent flyer program to “Eastern Miles” and introduced a series of new services, including, among others, instant registration of membership and mileage, online registration of mileage, and accumulation of mileage on expenses at certain hotels and restaurants that are our strategic partners. As a result of our continual efforts to develop the “Eastern Miles” program, the number of frequent flyers surpassed 3.8 million in 2007, with a flight-taking rate of 9.7%, bringing the influence of our products into full play. The special services hotline “95108” call centre was established and came into operation in 2004.
 
In 2000, we launched the “China Eastern Airlines-Great Wall” co-branded credit card jointly with the Bank of China, which provides our customers with benefits such as airfare discounts, hotel room reservation packages and increased baggage allowances. In 2004, working with partner hotels, we launched our Eastern Holiday product series to attract more leisure travelers. In addition, we continued to promote our “China Eastern Express” services on our Shanghai-Hong Kong and Shanghai-Beijing routes and our “China Shuttle” transit services. Our “China Eastern Express” services (including “BTBT” and “Shanghai Beijing Express”) provide more scheduled flights on some of our heavily traveled routes, such as Shanghai-Hong Kong and Shanghai-Beijing, compared with our other routes. Our “China Shuttle” services provide expedited transit services at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport for transit travelers on domestic routes and certain international routes, significantly enhancing our customer service. We streamlined the transfer and connection procedures, rationally allocated flights, and also introduced different fares for connection flights to meet the needs of different travelers. In 2005, we launched international routes originating from Shenyang, Dalian, Xi’an, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu and Harbin under internal code-sharing arrangements. We also introduced the “Single Check-in for Transit Passengers and Luggage” service in 23 cities including Shantou and Xiamen. All these efforts improved the quality of our transit services and, as a result, the number of passengers who used our transit services exceeded 1,080 thousand and 800 thousand persons/time in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In June 2004, we officially introduced our China Eastern Service Scheme to the public at large. Under this scheme, we devote efforts to flight scheduling, assurance and maintenance and enhance our non-regular services.
 
We have entered into code-sharing arrangements with American Airlines, Japan Airlines, Korean Airlines, Asiana Airlines, Qantas Airways, Air France, Thai Airways and Shanghai Airlines. We are also contemplating more code-sharing arrangements with other airlines and plan to continue to strengthen our existing cooperation with other international airlines.
 
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Our advertising, marketing and other promotional activities include the use of radio, television and print advertisements. We plan to continue to use advertising and promotional campaigns to increase sales on new routes and competitive routes.
 
In 2002, we upgraded our online ticket booking and payment system to facilitate customer purchases of tickets via the Internet. We continue to encourage our customers to book and purchase tickets via the Internet. We also maintain an extensive domestic network of sales agents and representatives in order to promote in-person ticket sales and to assist customers. The majority of our airline tickets are sold by domestic and international sales agents. Our tickets are sold throughout China through over 7,000 large- and mid-sized sales agencies and travel agencies who have contractual relationships with us. Currently, our direct domestic ticket sales are handled primarily through employees based at our ticket counters located at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport in Shanghai and in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Hubei, Yunnan and Shaanxi provinces, as well as at the airports in Beijing, Chengdu, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Xiamen and Yantai. Direct sales are also promoted through the availability of our telephone reservation and confirmation services. In addition to our domestic sales agents, we maintain overseas sales or representative offices in Los Angeles, New York, Vancouver, Madrid, Paris, London, Frankfurt, Munich, Moscow, Sydney, Melbourne, Tokyo, Osaka, Nagasaki, Fukuoka, Nagoya, Okinawa, Niigata, Sapporo, Kagoshima, Hiroshima, Fukushima, Okayama, Matsuyama, Komatsu, Singapore, Bangkok, Seoul, New Delhi, Kuala Lumpur, Mumbai, Maldives, Johannesburg and Hong Kong, which facilitate the sale of international and Hong Kong air tickets and provide reservation confirmation and other services. The establishment of our Hong Kong operations division in 2005 also facilitates our marketing and sales in Hong Kong. In order to promote international ticket sales, we intend to increase our international sales force by expanding our overseas network of commissioned independent sales agents.
 
As of June 1, 2008, we stopped issuing paper tickets for air travel in accordance with a mandate from the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The IATA represents approximately 240 airlines and comprises 94% of scheduled international air traffic. As a result of the mandate, we now issue electronic itineraries and receipts as well as electronic tickets to our passengers. We believe the transition to 100% electronic ticketing will decrease administrative costs and increase flexibility and travel options for passengers in addition to benefiting the environment through the reduced need for paper. All of our direct passenger ticket sales are recorded on our computer systems. All Chinese airlines, including us, are required to use the passenger reservation service system provided by the CAAC’s computer information management center, which is linked with the computer systems of major Chinese commercial airlines. We have also entered into membership agreements with several international reservation systems, including ABACUS, the largest computer reservation system in southeast Asia, TOPAS of Korea, SABRE, GALILEO and WORLDSPAN of the United States, AMADEUS of Europe, INFINI and AXESS of Japan and Sirena-Travel of Russia, which have made it easier for customers and sales agents to make reservations and purchase tickets for our international flights.
 
Cargo Operations
 
We maintain a network of cargo sales agents domestically and internationally. We established domestic cargo sales offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Xiamen and other major transportation hubs in China, and international cargo sales offices in Hong Kong, Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Seoul, Los Angeles, Dallas, Seattle, Chicago, San Francisco, New York, Anchorage, Paris, Luxembourg and our other overseas flight destinations. In 2005, we established our northern China, southern China, southeastern China and overseas sales management centers to improve coordination among our sales offices. We are also improving our cargo sales on passenger flights through full utilization of our existing passenger sales network.
 
Ancillary Airline Activities  
 
In addition to our airline operations, we also generate commission revenues from tickets sold on behalf of other airlines. Commission rates for these sales are determined by the CAAC and are based on the price of the tickets sold.
 
Moreover, we derive revenues from the provision of airport ground services for airlines operating to or from Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport, including aircraft cleaning, loading, unloading, storage and ground transportation of cargo and passenger luggage. At present we are the principal provider of these services at Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. We provide these services to foreign carriers generally pursuant to one-year renewable contracts. In 2007, we generated revenues of approximately RMB1,366 million from our airport ground services and cargo handling services.
 
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Patents and Trademarks  
 
We own or have obtained licenses to use various domestic and foreign patents, patent applications and trademarks related to our business. While patents, patent applications and trademarks are important to our competitive position, no single one is material to us as a whole.
 
We own various trademarks related to our business. The most important trademark is the service trademark of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited. All of our trademarks are registered in China.
 
Insurance
 
The CAAC purchases fleet insurance from PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited, or PICC, and China Pacific Property Insurance Company Ltd., on behalf of all Chinese airlines. PICC has reinsured a substantial portion of its aircraft insurance business through Lloyd’s of London. The fleet insurance is subject to certain deductibles. The premium payable in connection with the insurance is allocated among all Chinese airlines based on the aircraft owned or leased by these airlines. Under the relevant PRC laws, the maximum civil liability of Chinese airlines for injuries to passengers traveling on domestic flights has been increased to RMB400,000 per passenger in March 2006, for which our Company also purchases insurance. As of July 31, 2006, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air of 1999, or Montreal Convention, became effective in China. Under the Montreal Convention, carriers of international flights are strictly liable for proven damages up to 100,000 Special Drawing Rights and beyond that, carriers are only able to exclude liability if they can prove that the damage was not due to negligence or other wrongful act of the carrier (and its agents) or if the damage solely arose from the negligence or other wrongful act of a third party. We believe that we maintain adequate insurance coverage for the civil liability that can be imposed due to injuries to passengers under Chinese law, the Montreal Convention and any agreement we are subject to. We also maintain hull all risk, hull war risk and aircraft legal liability insurance, including third party liability insurance, of the types and in amounts customary for Chinese airlines. See also “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Insurance coverage and cost” for more information on our Company’s insurance coverage.
 
C.   Organizational Structure
 
See the section headed “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview”.
 
D.   Property, Plants and Equipment
 
Fleet
 
In 2005, as part of our acquisition of certain selected assets and liabilities relating to the aviation businesses of CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan, we acquired or assumed the ownership of or the leases for 60 additional aircraft. We also added 27 aircraft to our fleet through other transactions, including the purchase of two Airbus A321 aircraft and three EMB145 aircraft, the finance lease of five Airbus A320 aircraft, the operating lease of four Airbus A320 aircraft, seven B737-700 aircraft and three B737-800 aircraft, and the operating lease of one Airbus A300F freighter and two B747F freighters. Moreover, we entered into agreements to purchase five A319 aircraft (with engines), five EMB145 aircraft, 15 A320 series aircraft, two Boeing 747-400 freight aircraft, four Boeing 737 aircraft and 15 Boeing 787 aircraft, respectively. In 2006, we added 27 aircraft to our fleet, including the finance lease of three A319 aircraft, two A321 aircraft, six B737-700 aircraft, one B747F freighter and four EMB145 aircraft, and the operating lease of one B737-700 aircraft, three A330-200 aircraft and seven A330-300 aircraft. On December 27, 2006, our Board of Directors passed a resolution to dispose of certain aged aircraft and related flight equipment in the forthcoming 12-months in light of the poor market reception and the high maintenance cost of these aircraft. For more details, see Note 37 to our audited consolidated financial statements. In 2007, we added 20 aircraft to our fleet, including the finance lease of five A330-300 aircraft, one A330-200 aircraft, four A321 aircraft, two A320 aircraft, two A319 aircraft, two B737-700 aircraft, three EMB145 aircraft and one B747F freighter. In 2007, we entered into an agreement with Airbus to purchase ten A320 aircraft (with engines). On January 20, 2008, we entered into an agreement with Boeing to purchase 30 737 NG Series aircraft (with engines). We plan to continue to expand our scale in 2008 and to adjust and optimize our route network, thereby increasing our competitiveness and ability to create more attractive products and services to meet the needs of the market.
 
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Existing Fleet
 
As of December 31, 2007 , we had a fleet of 223 aircraft, including 197 jet passenger aircraft that have more than 100 seats and 11 jet freighters. The following table sets forth the details of our fleet as of December 31, 2007:  
 
   
Total Number
of Aircraft
 
Number of
 Aircraft Owned
 and under
 Finance Lease
 
Aircraft
 under
 Operating
 Lease
 
Average
 Number of Seats
 
Average age
(in years) (1)
 
Jet Passenger Aircraft:
                               
Wide-body:
                               
A340-600
   
5
   
5
   
   
322
   
4.6
 
A340-300
   
5
   
5
   
   
289
   
11.6
 
A330-300
   
12
   
5
   
7
   
300
   
1.6
 
A330-200
   
4
   
1
   
3
   
264
   
1.4
 
A300-600
   
8
   
8
   
   
269
   
13.6
 
B767-300
   
3
   
3
   
   
263
   
11.7
 
Narrow-body:
                               
MD-90
   
9
   
9
   
   
157
   
10.0
 
A321
   
10
   
10
   
   
185
   
1.7
 
A320
   
65
   
39
   
26
   
158
   
6.5
 
A319
   
15
   
5
   
10
   
122
   
5.5
 
Boeing 737-800
   
7
   
   
7
   
158
   
4.1
 
Boeing 737-700
   
31
   
16
   
15
   
122
   
4.4
 
Boeing 737-300
   
23
   
16
   
7
   
138
   
12.2
 
EMB 145
   
10
   
10
   
   
50
   
2.0
 
CRJ-200
   
5
   
5
   
   
50
   
6.4
 
Total Passenger Aircraft:
   
212
   
137
   
75
   
   
 
                                 
Cargo Aircraft:
                               
MD-11F
   
6
   
6
   
   
   
16.0
 
A300F
   
2
   
2
   
   
   
19.0
 
B747F
   
3
   
2
   
1
   
   
1.5
 
Total Fleet
   
223
   
147
   
76
   
   
 
 
(1)   The average aircraft age is weighted by the number of available seats.
 
Our average daily aircraft utilization rate was 9.8 hours in 2007, representing an increase of 0.4 hours compared to 2006. The table below sets forth the daily average utilization rates of our jet passenger aircraft for each of the three years ended December 31, 2007.
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
(in hours)
 
Wide-body:
                   
A340-600
   
13.8
   
14.0
   
13.7
 
A340-300
   
12.8
   
12.1
   
11.7
 
A330-300
   
   
9.3
   
9.6
 
A330-200
   
   
11.5
   
14.2
 
A300-600
   
8.9
   
8.6
   
9.3
 
A310
   
7.2
   
   
 
B767-300
   
9.2
   
9.1
   
10.1
 
                     
Narrow-body:
                   
MD-90
   
8.0
   
8.1
   
7.7
 
MD-82
   
6.2
   
   
 
A321
   
8.3
   
9.0
   
9.6
 
A320
   
9.2
   
9.3
   
9.8
 
A319
   
9.5
   
7.8
   
10.0
 
Boeing 737-800
   
9.9
   
10.5
   
10.6
 
Boeing 737-700
   
9.9
   
9.9
   
10.0
 
Boeing 737-300
   
9.0
   
9.0
   
9.4
 
EMB 145
   
7.7
   
7.6
   
8.0
 
CRJ-200
   
5.1
   
7.4
   
8.5
 
 
28

 
Most of our jet passenger aircraft were manufactured by either Airbus or Boeing. Our Airbus A340-300 and A340-600 aircraft are primarily used for our routes to the United States, Europe, Hong Kong, Korea and other international destinations, including Los Angeles, New York, London, Paris, Seoul, and Bangkok, and on major domestic routes to cities such as Dalian. Our Airbus A330 aircraft are primarily used for the routes of Beijing-Shanghai and Shanghai-Hong Kong and Singapore, Australia, India, Japan and Korea routes. Our Airbus A320, MD-90 and Boeing B737 aircraft are suitable for middle and short distance flights and are primarily used for our domestic routes. Our EMB145 and CRJ-200 aircraft are mainly used on our regional short-distance routes.
 
Our MD-11F, A300F and B747F aircraft are used for our cargo operations and carry cargo to the United States, Europe and Japan. Our general aviation services customers include provincial authorities in charge of agriculture, forestry and geology.
 
Future Fleet Development
 
Our aircraft acquisition program focuses on aircraft that will modernize and rationalize our fleet to better meet the anticipated requirements of our route structure, taking into account aircraft size and fuel efficiency. Our aircraft acquisition program, however, is subject to the approval of the CAAC and the NDRC. The following table summarizes our currently anticipated jet aircraft deliveries from 2008 to 2009 as of December 31, 2007:
 
   
2008
 
2009
 
Total
 
Aircraft
                   
A330-300
   
3
   
   
3
 
A330-200
   
1
   
   
1
 
A321
   
5
   
   
5
 
A320
   
8
   
10
   
18
 
B737-800
   
1
   
3
   
4
 
B737-700
   
1
   
7
   
8
 
                        
Total
   
19
   
20
   
39
 
 
The actual acquisition of any of these aircraft or any additional aircraft may depend on such factors as the general economic conditions, our operating results and other capital requirements. We believe that our aircraft acquisition plan will help us accomplish our expansion plans while maintaining an efficient fleet and ensuring alternative sources of supply.
 
Fleet Financing Arrangements
 
We generally acquire aircraft through either long-term capital leases or operating leases. To take advantage of the low interest rates for long-term loans in 2002, we also purchased a certain number of aircraft and financed them by borrowing long-term loans from banks in China. Under the terms of most capital leases, we generally are obligated to make lease payments that finance most of the purchase price of the aircraft over the lease term. Upon the expiration of the lease term, we must either purchase the aircraft at a specified price or pay any amount by which such price exceeds the proceeds from the disposition of the aircraft to third parties. Alternatively, some capital leases provide for ownership of the aircraft to pass to us upon satisfaction of the final lease payment. Under capital leases, aircraft are generally leased for approximately the whole of their estimated working life, and the leases are either non-cancelable or cancelable only on a payment of a major penalty by the lessee. As a result, we bear substantially all of the economic risks and rewards of ownership of the aircraft held under capital leases. Operating leases, however, are customarily cancelable by the lessee on short notice and without major penalty. Leases in which a   significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases.
 
We intend to increase the use of operating leases to improve the flexibility of our operations. However, each decision on our financing alternatives will depend on an evaluation of the following factors:
 
·
our aircraft requirements and anticipated future deliveries;
 
29

 
·
capital structure and cash flow situation;
 
·
prevailing interest rates; and
 
·
other market conditions in effect at the time of any such acquisition or financing.
 
All of our payment obligations under current aircraft leases have been guaranteed by banks in China.
 
Operating Facilities
 
Our corporate headquarters, base maintenance center and other primary airport facilities in Shanghai, occupying an area of approximately 412,422 square meters of land, are located at Hongqiao Airport. We also own office buildings, cargo operating buildings and a maintenance center at Pudong International Airport. The total gross floor area of all of our buildings and facilities is approximately 341,000 square meters.
 
We own all of the buildings and facilities located at Hongqiao Airport, with the exception of the office buildings where our corporate headquarters are located. We lease from CEA Holding our corporate headquarters office buildings and the land on which our corporate headquarters are located. We have acquired buildings and ancillary facilities at Pudong International Airport with a total gross floor area of approximately 158,400 square meters.
 
We also have operations in the airports in Nanjing, Qingdao, Jinan, Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, Hefei, Nanchang, Ningbo, Wuhan, Kunming and Xi’an, respectively. In Nanjing, we lease all the buildings and facilities our Company occupies from the airport authority. In Qingdao, Hefei and Nanchang, we have the right to use such buildings and facilities constructed and maintained by our Company. However, the right to use such buildings and facilities cannot be transferred or leased to third parties. In Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang, we own our maintenance facilities and lease office building from CEA Holding and other facilities from the local airport authorities. In Kunming and Xi’an, we leased from CEA Holding operating facilities including office buildings, warehouses and workshops under an agreement.
 
Item 4A.   Unresolved Staff Comments
 
None.
 
Item 5.   Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
 
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, together with the related notes, included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. We acquired from CEA Holding certain selected assets and liabilities relating to the aviation businesses of CEA Yunnan and CEA Northwest in June 2005. Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006 reflect the results of operations of those acquired assets and liabilities from the effective date of the acquisition, June 30, 2005.
 
Overview  
 
Our primary business is the provision of domestic, Hong Kong regional and international passenger and cargo airline services. Our overall capacity on an available tonne kilometer, or ATK, basis increased by 9.2%, from 11,065.6 million ATKs in 2006 to 12,085.9 ATKs in 2007, and our passenger capacity on an available seat kilometer, or ASK, basis increased by 10.3%, from 70,468.3 million ASKs in 2006 to 77,717.2 million ASKs in 2007. Total traffic on a revenue tonne kilometer, or RTK, basis increased by 11.3%, from 6,931.0 million RTKs in 2006 to 7,713.9 PTKs in 2007.
 
30

 
The historical results of operations discussed in this Annual Report may not be indicative of our future operating performance. Like those of other airlines, our operations depend substantially on overall passenger and cargo traffic volume and are subject to seasonal and other variations that may influence passenger travel demand and cargo volume and may not be under our control, including unusual political events and other unforeseen events. Our operations will be affected by, among other things, fluctuations in the aviation fuel price, aircraft acquisition and leasing costs, maintenance expenses, take-off and landing charges, wages, salaries and benefits, other operating expenses and the rates of income taxes paid. We expect the aviation fuel price to continue to remain high and have a material adverse effect on our profitability. We expect depreciation expenses and operating lease expenses to increase as new aircraft and related flight equipment are acquired. Maintenance expenses may also increase as a result of acquisitions of new aircraft, although we expect to benefit from certain maintenance and fuel cost savings as older aircraft are retired and replaced.
 
Our financial performance is also significantly affected by factors associated with operating in a highly regulated industry, as well as a number of other external variables, including political and economic conditions in China, competition, foreign exchange fluctuations and public perceptions of the safety of air travel with Chinese airlines. Because nearly every aspect of our airline operations is subject to the regulation of the CAAC, our operating revenues and expenses are directly affected by the CAAC regulations with respect to, among other things, domestic airfares, level of commissions paid to sales agents, the aviation fuel price, take-off and landing charges and route allocations. The nature and extent of airline competition and the ability of Chinese airlines to expand are also significantly affected by various CAAC regulations and policies. Changes in the CAAC’s regulatory policies, or in the implementation of such policies, are therefore likely to have a significant impact on our future operations.
 
Certain Financial Information by Business Segment
 
For the year ended December 31, 2005, we principally operated in one business segment, namely the operation of our civil aviation business, including the provision of passenger, cargo, mail delivery and other extended transportation services. In view of the continued growth of our China cargo and mail transportation services, we began to review the cargo and mail transportation services business separately and to report it as a separate segment.  Accordingly, since 2006, our Company has operated in two business segments, namely the passenger business segment (including cargo carried by passenger flights) and cargo and mail transportation business segment.
 
The following table sets forth our segment results for the year ended December 31, 2007:
 
   
Passenger
 
Cargo and mail
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
       
(in millions)
     
                   
Traffic revenues
   
37,537
   
3,114
   
   
40,651
 
Other revenues
   
1,209
   
901
   
208
   
2,318
 
                           
Total segment revenue
   
38,746
   
4,015
   
208
   
42,969
 
Inter-segment revenue
   
(349
)
 
   
(99
)
 
(448
)
                           
Revenues
   
38,397
   
4,015
   
109
   
42,521
 
                           
Operating (loss)/profit - segment results
   
(182
)
 
182
   
39
   
39
 
Interest income
   
2,035
   
84
   
1
   
2,120
 
Finance costs
   
(1,800
)
 
(165
)
 
(14
)
 
(1,979
)
Share of results of associates
   
   
   
58
   
58
 
Share of results of jointly controlled entities
   
   
   
30
   
30
 
                           
Profit before income tax
   
53
   
101
   
114
   
268
 
Income tax
   
39
   
(58
)
 
(5
)
 
(24
)
                           
Profit for the year
   
92
   
43
   
109
   
244
 
 
31

 
The following table sets forth our segment results for the year ended December 31, 2006:
 
   
Passenger
 
Cargo and mail
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
       
(in millions)
     
                   
Traffic revenues
   
33,490
   
2,843
   
   
36,333
 
Other revenues
   
1,212
   
709
   
140
   
2,061
 
                           
Total segment revenue
   
34,702
   
3,552
   
140
   
38,394
 
Inter-segment revenue
   
(690
)
 
   
(70
)
 
(760
)
                           
Revenues
   
34,012
   
3,552
   
70
   
37,634
 
                           
Operating (loss)/profit - segment results
   
(2,771
)
 
(243
)
 
22
   
(2,992
)
Interest income
   
989
   
18
   
1
   
1,008
 
Finance costs
   
(1,654
)
 
(104
)
 
(8
)
 
(1,766
)
Share of results of associates
   
   
   
104
   
104
 
Share of results of  jointly controlled entities
   
   
   
30
   
30
 
                           
(Loss)/profit before income tax
   
(3,436
)
 
(329
)
 
149
   
(3,616
)
Income tax
   
198
   
(30
)
 
(5
)
 
163
 
                           
(Loss)/profit for the year
   
(3,238
)
 
(359
)
 
144
   
(3,453
)
 
The following table sets forth our segment results for the year ended December 31, 2005:
 
   
Passenger
 
Cargo and mail
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
       
(in millions)
     
                   
Traffic revenues
   
23,183
   
2,731
   
   
25,914
 
Other revenues
   
1,012
   
575
   
98
   
1,685
 
                           
Total segment revenue
   
24,195
   
3,306
   
98
   
27,599
 
Inter-segment revenue
   
(145
)
 
   
   
(145
)
                           
Revenues
   
24,050
   
3,306
   
98
   
27,454
 
                           
Operating (loss)/profit - segment results
   
(165
)
 
167
   
12
   
14
 
Interest income
   
533
   
5
   
5
   
543
 
Finance costs
   
(1,037
)
 
(82
)
 
(3
)
 
(1,122
)
Share of results of associates
   
   
   
(9
)
 
(9
)
Share of results of jointly controlled entities
   
   
   
(4
)
 
(4
)
                           
(Loss)/profit before income tax
   
(669
)
 
90
   
1
   
(578
)
Income tax
   
153
   
(11
)
 
(3
)
 
139
 
                           
(Loss)/profit for the year
   
(516
)
 
79
   
(2
)
 
(439
)
 
32


A.   Operating Results
 
The following tables set forth our summary income statements and balance sheet data:
 
   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
   
(in millions)
 
Summary Income Statements Data
                               
IFRS
                               
Revenues
   
14,470
   
21,386
   
27,454
   
37,634
   
42,521
 
Other operating income
   
50
   
85
   
245
   
424
   
605
 
Operating expenses
   
(14,454
)
 
(20,239
)
 
(27,685
)
 
(41,050
)
 
(43,087
)
Operating profit/(loss)
   
66
   
1,232
   
14
   
(2,991
)
 
39
 
Finance costs, net
   
(775
)
 
(641
)
 
(578
)
 
(757
)
 
141
 
Profit/(loss) before income tax
   
(741
)
 
586
   
(577
)
 
(3,616
)
 
268
 
Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company
   
(1,097
)
 
321
   
(467
)
 
(3,313
)
 
269
 
Earnings/(loss) per share attributable to equity holders of the Company (1)
   
(0.23
)
 
0.07
   
(0.10
)
 
(0.68
)
 
0.06
 

   
As of December 31
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
   
(in millions)
 
Summary Balance Sheet Data
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
   
1,583
   
2,114
   
1,864
   
1,987
   
1,655
 
Net current liabilities
   
(9,982
)
 
(12,491
)
 
(25,572
)
 
(24,616
)
 
(26,074
)
Non-current assets
   
33,039
   
36,812
   
52,882
   
52,152
   
58,227
 
Long term borrowings, including current portion
   
(11,223
)
 
(10,736
)
 
(12,659
)
 
(14,932
)
 
(14,675
)
Obligations under finance leases, including current portion
   
(7,101
)
 
(8,662
)
 
(10,588
)
 
(11,949
)
 
(16,452
)
Total share capital and reserves
   
6,175
   
6,481
   
6,096
   
2,815
   
3,028
 
 
  (1)
The calculation of (loss)/earnings per share is based on the consolidated (loss)/profit attributable to shareholders and 4,866,950,000 shares in issue.
 
2007 Compared to 2006
 
Revenues
 
Our revenues increased by 13.0% from RMB37,634 million in 2006 to RMB42,521 million in 2007 (net of the applicable PRC business tax). This increase was primarily due to an increase in the revenues of our passenger business segment and cargo and mail business segment, as a result of increased traffic volume, partly offset by the average yield. In 2007, we transported a total of 39.2 million passengers, representing an 11.8% increase from 35.0 million passengers in 2006. Our total passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased by 13.8% from 50,272 million passenger-kilometers in 2006 to 57,183 million passenger-kilometers in 2007 and our total cargo and mail traffic (as measured in RFTKs) increased by 7.0% from 2,444 million freight tonne-kilometers in 2006 to 2,614 million freight tonne-kilometers in 2007. Our average yield for the passenger business segment remained at RMB0.61 per passenger-kilometer, whereas our average yields for the cargo and mail business segment decreased by 8.7% from RMB2.3 per tonne-kilometer in 2006 to RMB2.1 per tonne-kilometer in 2007.
 
Passenger business segment revenues
 
Our total passenger business segment revenues, including revenues generated from cargo carried by passenger flights, increased by 11.7% from RMB34,702 million in 2006 to RMB38,746 million in 2007. Total passenger business segment revenues after elimination of inter-segment revenues, which accounted for 90.3% of our total revenues, increased by 12.9% from RMB34,012 million in 2006 to RMB38,397 million in 2007. The increase was primarily due to the increase in traffic revenues for the passenger business segment.
 
33

 
Our traffic revenues for the passenger business segment increased by RMB4,047 million, or 12.1%, from RMB33,490 million in 2006 to RMB37,537 million in 2007, due to the increase in traffic revenues generated from our domestic and international services, partly offset by those generated from our Hong Kong regional services.

In accordance with our internal financial reporting, our passenger business segment includes cargo carried by passenger flights as stated in Note 7(a) to the financial statements. In accordance with industry practice, our passenger related operating statistics, such as passenger traffic volume and passenger yield, exclude cargo carried by passenger flights. The following discussion of our passenger revenues (excluding cargo carried by passenger flights) and passenger related operating statistics conform to industry practice.
 
Our domestic passenger traffic revenues (excluding Hong Kong passenger revenues), which accounted for 61.8% of our total passenger traffic revenues in 2007, increased by 14.8% from RMB18,947 million in 2006 to RMB21,747 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our domestic passenger traffic following increases in our capacity. Compared to 2006, our domestic passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased by 13.5%, from 31,272 million tonne-kilometers in 2006 to 35,492 million tonne-kilometers in 2007. The number of passengers carried on domestic routes increased by 12.3%, from 27.7 million in 2006 to 31.2 million in 2007. Our passenger-kilometers yield for domestic routes remained at RMB0.61 per passenger-kilometer.
 
International passenger traffic revenues, which accounted for 32.1% of our total passenger traffic revenues in 2007, increased by 22.5% from RMB9,206 million in 2006 to RMB11,274 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our international passenger traffic, which resulted from increases in our capacity, as well as an increase in air fares. Our international passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased by 18.8% in 2007, from 15,478 million in 2006 to 18,386 million in 2007. The number of passengers carried on international routes increased by 18.0%, from 4.8 million in 2006 to 5.7 million in 2007. Our passenger-kilometers yield for international routes increased from RMB0.58 per passenger-kilometer in 2006 to RMB0.61 per passenger-kilometer in 2007.
 
Hong Kong passenger traffic revenues, which accounted for 6.1% of our total passenger traffic revenues in 2007, decreased by 16.1% from RMB2,554 million in 2006 to RMB2,143 million in 2007. This decrease was due to a slight decrease of 6.5%, from 3,521 million in 2006 to 3,305 million in 2007, in our Hong Kong passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs), as well as in our passenger-kilometers yield. The number of passengers carried on Hong Kong routes decreased 6.3%, from 2.5 million in 2006 to 2.3 million in 2007. Our passenger-kilometers yield for Hong Kong routes decreased from RMB0.71 per passenger-kilometer in 2006 to RMB0.65 per passenger-kilometer in 2007.
 
Cargo and mail segment revenues
 
We generate cargo and mail revenues from our cargo and mail transportation services. Our total revenues from our cargo and mail business segment, excluding revenues generated form cargo carried by passenger flights, increased by 13.0% from RMB3,552 million in 2006 to RMB4,015 million in 2007. There were no inter-segment revenues in 2006 and 2007. The increase was primarily due to an increase in our cargo and mail traffic caused by increases in service volume as a result of the expansion of our capacity, partly offset by the average cargo yield. Cargo and mail yield decreased from RMB2.30 in 2006 to RMB2.10 in 2007 per cargo tonne-kilometer primarily due to fare decreases resulting from intensified market competition.
 
Our traffic revenues for cargo and mail business segment increased by RMB270 million, or 9.5%, from RMB2,843 million in 2006 to RMB3,114 million in 2007, due to the increase in traffic revenues generated from our international services and Hong Kong regional services.

In accordance with our internal financial reporting, our cargo and logistics business segment excludes cargo carried by passenger flights as stated in Note 7(a) to the financial statements. In accordance with industry practice, our cargo and mail related operating statistics, such as cargo and mail traffic volume and cargo and mail yield, include cargo carried by passenger flights. The following discussion of our cargo and mail revenues (including cargo carried by passenger flights) and cargo and mail related operating statistics conform to industry practice.
 
Our domestic cargo and mail traffic revenues (excluding Hong Kong cargo and mail revenues), which accounted for 10.8% of our total cargo and mail traffic revenues in 2007, increased by 17.2% from RMB506 million in 2006 to RMB593 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our domestic cargo and mail traffic, as well as an increase in service charges. Compared to 2006, our domestic cargo and mail traffic (as measured in RFTKs) increased by 5.9%, from 575 million in 2006 to 609 million in 2007. The weight of cargo and mail carried on domestic routes increased by 5.7%, from 439 million kilograms in 2006 to 464 million kilograms in 2007. Our freight tonne-kilometers yield for domestic routes increased from RMB0.87 per tonne-kilometer to RMB0.98 per tonne-kilometer.
 
34

 
International cargo and mail traffic revenues, which accounted for 79.6% of our total cargo and mail traffic revenues in 2007, decreased slightly by 0.7% from RMB4,396 million in 2006 to RMB4,364 million in 2007, due to a significant decrease in service charges despite the increase of 10.3% in the weight of cargo and mail carried on international routes from 359 million kilograms in 2006 to 396 million kilograms in 2007. Our freight tonne-kilometers yield for international routes decreased from RMB2.54 per tonne-kilometer to RMB2.31 per tonne-kilometer.
 
Hong Kong cargo and mail traffic revenues, which accounted for 9.6% of our total cargo and mail traffic revenues in 2007, decreased by 27.0% from RMB723 million in 2006 to RMB528 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of 16.8%, from 141 million in 2006 to 118 million in 2007, in our Hong Kong cargo and mail traffic (as measured in RFTKs). The amount of cargo and mail carried on Hong Kong routes also decreased by 16.6%, from 96 million kilograms in 2006 to 80 million kilograms in 2007. Our freight tonne-kilometers yield for Hong Kong routes increased from RMB5.24 per tonne-kilometer to RMB4.49 per tonne-kilometer.
 
Other revenues
 
We also generated revenues other than passenger and cargo and mail services from airport ground services and ticket handling services. Airport ground services include loading and unloading of cargo, aircraft cleaning and ground transportation of cargo and passenger luggage for aircraft arriving at or departing from Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport of Shanghai. We are currently the principal provider of airport ground services at both Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. Our total other revenues increased by 12.5% from RMB2,061 million in 2006 to RMB2,318 million in 2007 due to the increase in ticketing services as a result of increases in ticket refund charges and airport ground services as a result of increased air traffic.
 
Operating Expenses
 
Our two business segments, namely, our passenger business segment and our cargo and mail business segment, incur similar operating expenses which are subject to similar trends. As a result, we do not provide segmental analysis for our operating expenses and the following discussion is based on our business as a whole.
 
Our total operating expenses increased by 5.0% from RMB41,050 million in 2006 to RMB43,087 million in 2007 primarily due to a significant increase in aviation fuel expenses, wages, salaries and other benefits, take off and landing charges, office, administration and other expenses and selling and marketing expenses, partly offset by the decrease in aircraft operating lease and aircraft maintenance expenses. However, our total operating expenses as a percentage of our revenues decreased from 109.1% in 2006 to 101.3% in 2007.
 
Aviation fuel expenses, which accounted for 35.1% of our total operating expenses in 2007, increased by 11.1% from RMB13,609 million in 2006 to RMB15,117 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to rising fuel prices, the increase in fuel consumption due to the substantial increase in our total flying hours and mileage in 2007. In 2007, we consumed a total of 2.55 million tonnes of aviation fuel, representing an increase of 9.5% compared to 2006. We paid a weighted average fuel price of RMB5,879 per tonne in 2007, representing an increase of RMB99 per tonne, or approximately 1.7%, from RMB5,780 per tonne in 2006. Aviation fuel expenses accounted for 35.1% of our total operating expenses in 2007, as compared to 33.3% in 2006.
 
Take-off and landing charges, which accounted for 12.0% of our total operating expenses in 2007, increased by 3.71% from RMB4,989 million in 2006 to RMB5,174 million in 2007 primarily due to the increase in our flights from approximately 340,000 in 2006 to approximately 370,000 in 2007, while party offset by a decrease in the average take-off and landing charges.
 
Wages, salaries and benefits, which accounted for 10.0% of our total operating expenses in 2007, increased by 22.3% from RMB3,538 million in 2006 to RMB4,327 million in 2007, primarily due to the increase in the number of our employees following the expansion of our core business operations, the improvement of basic salaries and the increase in flying hour payments resulting from the increase in the flying hours of our pilots.
 
35

 
Office, administration and other expenses, which was largely incurred by our passenger business segment, increased by 8.9% from RMB3,621 million in 2006 to RMB3,943 million in 2007 primarily due to our business expansion, an increase in overseas crew expenses and an increase in settlement fees due to flight delays resulting from the additional number of flights.
 
Selling and marketing expenses, which was largely incurred by our passenger business segment, increased by 4.0% from RMB1,735 million in 2006 to RMB1,805 million in 2007, accounting for 4.2% of our total operating expenses in 2007. The increase was primarily due to the increase in agency business handling fees and distribution system service fees as a result of an increase in the number of passengers carried as well as an increase in the price of overseas distribution systems.
 
Aircraft operating lease expenses decreased by 3.5% from RMB2,955 million in 2006 to RMB2,851 million in 2007. The decrease was mainly due to the expiry of operating leases of certain aircraft in 2007 and the appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. The number of aircraft operated by us increased from 205 as of December 31, 2006 to 223 as of December 31, 2007. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by 4.7% from RMB4,597 million in 2006 to RMB4,812 million in 2007 primarily due to the expansion of the scale of our operations and the introduction of additional aircraft.
 
Aircraft maintenance expenses, which accounted for 5.6% of our total operating expenses in 2007, decreased by 9.6% from RMB2,647 million in 2006 to RMB2,392 million in 2007. This was principally due to the timing of overhauls of aircraft under operating leases.
 
Other Operating Income
 
Our other operating income was primarily generated from government subsidies and a revaluation of our financial instruments. The net amount of our other operating income increased from RMB424 million in 2006 to RMB605 million in 2007 primarily due the fact that revaluation of our financial instruments resulted  in net losses of RMB38 million in 2006 and net gains of RMB117 million in 2007. The increase was also due to an increase in government subsidies from RMB462 million in 2006 to RMB488 million in 2007. The government subsidies represent subsidies granted to us by the PRC government and local government as well as other subsidies granted by various local municipalities to encourage our Company to operate certain routes to cities where these municipalities are located.
 
Finance Costs
 
Our finance costs increased by 12.1% from RMB1,766 million in 2006 to RMB1,979 million in 2007 primarily due to interest expenses of RMB732 million on finance leases, representing an increase of 23.7% from 2006, and interest expenses of RMB1,629 million on loans from banks and other financial institutions, representing an increase of 3.1% from 2006. However, the above amounts were partly offset by the recognition of a net exchange gain of RMB2,023 million arising from the retranslation of U.S. dollar denominated liabilities.
 
Net Profit
 
As a result of the foregoing operating results, the net profit attributable to equity holders was RMB269 million in 2007, as compared to a net loss of RMB3,313 million in 2006.
 
Fixed Assets
 
Our Company had approximately RMB47,548 million of fixed assets as of December 31, 2007, including aircraft, engines and flight equipment with a value of approximately RMB43,036 million. Fixed assets are initially recognized at cost and are subsequently stated at a revalued amount, being their fair values at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation.
 
Market conditions and global economic factors that are beyond our control affect the valuation of fixed assets. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment, including judgment on valuations by our management and/or by independent professional appraisers. Our Directors have reviewed the carrying value of our property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2007. An impairment loss of RMB131 million was recognized for certain aircraft and related equipment reclassified to non-current assets held for sale. Except for this amount, the value of other assets is not materially different from their carrying amounts.
 
36

 
2006 Compared to 2005
 
Revenues
 
Our revenues increased by 37.1% from RMB27,454 million in 2005 to RMB37,634 million in 2006 (net of the applicable PRC business tax). This increase was primarily due to an increase in our passenger business segment revenues, as a result of an increase in our capacity resulting from our acquisition of certain selected assets and liabilities relating to the aviation businesses of CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan and our acquisitions of other aircraft, which increased our traffic volume and average yield. In 2006, we transported a total of 24.3 million passengers, representing a 44.3% increase from 35.0 million passengers in 2005. Our total passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased by 38.2% from 36,381 million passenger-kilometers in 2005 to 50,272 million passenger-kilometers in 2006 and our total cargo and mail traffic (as measured in RFTKs) increased by 13.6% from 2,152 million freight tonne-kilometers in 2005 to 2,444 million freight tonne-kilometers in 2006. Our average yield for the passenger business segment increased from RMB0.57 per passenger-kilometer to RMB0.61 per passenger-kilometer, whereas our average yields for the cargo and mail business segment slightly decreased by 0.4% from RMB2.31 per tonne-kilometer in 2005 to RMB2.30 per tonne-kilometer in 2006.
 
Passenger business segment revenues
 
Our total passenger business segment revenues, including revenues generated from cargo carried by passenger flights, increased by 43.4% from RMB24,195 million in 2005 to RMB34,702 million in 2006. Total passenger business segment revenues after elimination of inter-segment revenues, which accounted for 90.4% of our total revenues, increased by 41.4% from RMB24,050 million in 2005 to RMB34,012 million in 2006. The increase was primarily due to the increase in traffic revenues for the passenger business segment.
 
Our traffic revenues for the passenger business segment increased by RMB10,307 million, or 44.5%, from RMB23,183 million in 2005 to RMB33,490 million in 2006 due to the increase in the revenues generated from our domestic, international and Hong Kong services.

In accordance with our internal financial reporting, our passenger business segment includes cargo carried by passenger flights as stated in Note 7(a) to the financial statements. In accordance with industry practice, our passenger related operating statistics, such as passenger traffic volume and passenger yield, exclude cargo carried by passenger flights. The following discussion of our passenger revenues (excluding cargo carried by passenger flights) and passenger related operating statistics conform to industry practice.

Our domestic passenger traffic revenues (excluding Hong Kong passenger revenues), which accounted for 61.7% of our total passenger traffic revenues in 2006, increased by 65.6% from RMB11,442 million in 2005 to RMB18,947 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our domestic passenger traffic following increases in our capacity, as well as an increase in air fares. Our domestic passenger traffic increased (as measured in RPKs) by 54.2%, from 20,278 million in 2005 to 31,272 million in 2006. The number of passengers carried on domestic routes increased by 19.2% from 18.2 million passengers in 2005 to 21.7 million passengers in 2006. Our passenger-kilometers yield for domestic routes increased from RMB0.56 per passenger-kilometer in 2005 to RMB0.61 per passenger-kilometer in 2006.

International passenger traffic revenues, which accounted for 30.0% of our total passenger traffic revenues in 2006, increased by 31.4% from RMB7,007 million in 2005 to RMB9,206 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our international passenger traffic, which resulted from increases in our capacity, as well as an increase in air fares. Our international passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased by 20.8% in 2006, from 12,819 million in 2005 to 15,478 million in 2006. The number of passengers carried on international routes increased by 27.8%, from 3.8 million in 2005 to 4.8 million in 2006. Our passenger-kilometers yield for international routes increased from RMB0.54 per passenger-kilometer in 2005 to RMB0.58 per passenger-kilometer in 2006.

Hong Kong passenger traffic revenues, which accounted for 8.3% of our total passenger traffic revenues in 2006, increased by 2.2% from RMB2,498 million in 2005 to RMB2,554 million in 2006 due to an increase in our Hong Kong passenger traffic, partly offset by the decrease in air fares. Our Hong Kong passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased slightly by 7.2% in 2006, from 3,284 million in 2005 to 3,521 million in 2006. Our passenger-kilometers yield for Hong Kong routes decreased from RMB0.76 per passenger-kilometer in 2005 to RMB0.71 per passenger-kilometer in 2006.
 
37

 
Cargo and mail business segment revenues
 
We generate cargo and mail revenues from our cargo and mail transportation services. Our total revenues from our cargo and mail transportation services business segment, excluding revenues generated from cargo carried by passenger flights, increased by 7.4% from RMB3,306 million in 2005 to RMB3,552 million in 2006. There were no inter-segment revenues in 2005 and 2006. The increase was primarily due to an increase in our cargo and mail traffic following an increase in our capacity. Cargo and mail yield decreased slightly from RMB2.31 in 2005 to RMB2.30 in 2006 per cargo tonne-kilometer primarily due to fare decreases resulting from intensified market competition.
 
Our traffic revenues for cargo and mail business segment increased by RMB658 million, or 13.3%, from RMB2,731 million in 2005 to RMB2,843 million in 2006 due to the increase in revenues generated from our international and Hong Kong services.

In accordance with our internal financial reporting, our cargo and logistics business segment excludes cargo carried by passenger flights as stated in Note 7(a) to the financial statements. In accordance with industry practice, our cargo and mail related operating statistics, such as cargo and mail traffic volume and cargo and mail yield, include cargo carried by passenger flights. The following discussion of our cargo and mail revenues (including cargo carried by passenger flights) and cargo and mail related operating statistics conform to industry practice.
 
Our domestic cargo and mail traffic revenues (excluding Hong Kong cargo and mail revenues), which accounted for 9.0% of our total cargo and mail traffic revenues in 2006, increased by 46.2% from RMB346 million in 2005 to RMB506 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our domestic cargo and mail traffic following increases in our capacity, as well as an increase in service charges. Our domestic cargo and mail traffic (as measured in RFTKs) increased by 40.3%, from 410 million in 2005 to 575 million in 2006. The weight of cargo and mail carried on domestic routes increased by 39.0%, from 316 million kilograms in 2005 to 439 million kilograms in 2006. Our freight tonne-kilometers yield for domestic routes increased from RMB0.85 per tonne-kilometer in 2005 to RMB0.87 per tonne-kilometer in 2006.
 
International cargo and mail traffic revenues, which accounted for 78.2% of our total cargo and mail traffic revenues in 2006, increased by 10.7% from RMB3,970 million in 2005 to RMB4,396 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our international cargo and mail traffic, which resulted from increases in our capacity, as well as an increase in air fares. Our international cargo and mail traffic (as measured in RFTKs) increased by 7.5% in 2006, from 1,607 million in 2005 to 1,728 million in 2006. The weight of cargo and mail carried on international routes increased by 3.2%, from 348 million kilograms in 2005 to 359 million kilograms in 2006. Our freight tonne-kilometers yield for international routes increased from RMB2.48 per tonne-kilometer in 2005 to RMB2.54 per tonne-kilometer in 2006.
 
Hong Kong cargo and mail traffic revenues, which accounted for 12.9% of our total cargo and mail traffic revenues in 2006, increased by 11.3% from RMB650 million in 2005 to RMB723 million in 2006 due to an increase in our Hong Kong cargo and mail traffic and the increase in service charges. Our Hong Kong cargo and mail traffic (as measured in RFTKs) increased slightly by 4.8% in 2006, from 135 million in 2005 to 141 million in 2006. The weight of cargo and mail carried on Hong Kong routes increased by 3.9%, from 92 million kilograms in 2005 to 96 million kilograms in 2006. Our freight tonne-kilometers yield for Hong Kong routes increased from RMB4.76 per tonne-kilometer in 2005 to RMB5.24 per tonne-kilometer in 2006.  
 
Other revenues
 
We also generated revenues other than passenger and cargo and logistics services from airport ground services and ticket handling services. Airport ground services include loading and unloading of cargo, aircraft cleaning and ground transportation of cargo and passenger luggage for aircraft arriving at or departing from Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport of Shanghai. We are currently the principal provider of airport ground services at both Hongqiao Airport and Pudong International Airport. Our total other revenues increased by 22.3% from RMB1,685 million in 2005 to RMB2,061 million in 2006 due to the increase in revenues generated from airport ground services .
 
38

 
Operating Expenses
 
Our two business segments, namely our passenger business segment and our cargo and mail business segment, incur similar operating expenses which are subject to similar trends. As a result, we do not provide segmental analysis for our operating expenses and the following discussion is based on our business as a whole.
 
Our total operating expenses increased by 48.3% from RMB27,685 million in 2005 to RMB41,050 million in 2006 primarily due to our business expansion and a significant increase in aviation fuel expenses resulting from increased fuel prices. In addition, increases of depreciation and amortization, aircraft operating lease expense, take-off and landing charges, wages, salaries and benefits, aircraft maintenance expenses and office, administrative and other expenses also contributed to the increase of our operating expenses. Our total operating expenses as a percentage of our revenues increased from 100.8% in 2005 to 109.1% in 2006.
 
Aviation fuel expenses, which accounted for 33.2% of our total operating expenses in 2006, increased by 53.1% from RMB8,889 million in 2005 to RMB13,609 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to rising fuel prices and our business expansion in 2006. In 2006, we consumed a total of 2,346,400 tonnes of aviation fuel, representing an increase of 23.9% compared to 2005. The weighted average fuel price paid by our Company was RMB5,780 per tonne in 2006, representing an increase of RMB1,454 per tonne, 33.6%, from RMB4,326 per tonne in 2005. Aviation fuel expenses accounted for 33.3% of our total operating expenses in 2006, as compared to 32.1% in 2005.
 
Depreciation and amortization and aircraft operating lease rentals, which accounted for 18.4% of our total operating expenses in 2006, increased by 32.0% from RMB5,723 million in 2005 to RMB7,552 million in 2006 primarily due to the introduction of additional aircraft which were primarily financed by way of finance or operating leases, resulting in a larger increase in depreciation and operating lease expenses. The number of aircraft operated by us increased from 180 as of December 31, 2005 to 205 as of December 31, 2006.
 
Take-off and landing charges, which accounted for 12.2% of our total operating expenses in 2006, increased by 34.2% from RMB3,719 million in 2005 to RMB4,989 million in 2006 primarily due to the expansion of our business and the increase in the number of our flights, while partly offset by a decrease in the average take-off and landing charges resulting from an increase in the number of domestic flights. The number of our flights increased from approximately 211,000 in 2005 to approximately 340,000 in 2006.
 
Wages, salaries and benefits, which accounted for 8.6% of our total operating expenses in 2006, increased by 48.1% from RMB2,389 million in 2005 to RMB3,538 million in 2006 primarily due to a significant increase in the number of our employees following our acquisition of certain selected assets and liabilities relating to aviation businesses of CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan. The total number of our employees increased by 31.0% from 29,301 as of December 31, 2005 to 38,392 as of December 31, 2006.
 
Aircraft maintenance expenses, which accounted for 6.4% of our total operating expenses in 2006, increased by 91.3% from RMB1,384 million in 2005 to RMB2,647 million in 2006. The main reason for the increase was that more aircraft were delivered for repair as a result of the continuous expansion in our fleet size.
 
Office, administrative and other expenses, which accounted for 8.8% of our total operating expenses in 2006, increased by 42.0% from RMB2,550 million in 2005 to RMB3,621 million in 2006 primarily due to our business expansion, resulting in increases in flight training expenses and branch office expenses.
 
39

 
 
Other Operating Income
 
Our other operating income was primarily generated from government subsidies and fair value gains on our financial instruments. The net amount of our other operating income increased from RMB245 million in 2005 to RMB424 million in 2006 primarily due to an increase in government subsidies from RMB193 million in 2005 to RMB462 million in 2006. The government subsidies represent subsidies granted to us by local governments in consideration of the relocation of our international flights and related facilities from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport to Pudong International Airport, subsidies granted by various local municipalities to encourage our Company to operate certain routes to places where these municipalities are located and other subsidies granted by the PRC Government.
 
Finance Costs
 
Our finance costs increased by 57.4% from RMB1,122 million in 2005 to RMB1,766 million in 2006 primarily due to an increase in i nterest relating to obligations under finance leases from RMB325 million in 2005 to RMB544 million in 2006, representing an increase of 59.7%, and interest expenses of RMB1,581 million on loans from banks and other financial institutions, representing an increase of 60.3% from RMB990 million in 2005. However, the above amounts were partly offset by the recognition of a net carrying exchange gain of RMB888 million arising from the retranslation of foreign currency liabilities.
 
Net Loss
 
As a result of the foregoing operating results, the net loss attributable to equity holders was RMB3,313 million in 2006, as compared to a net loss of RMB467 million in 2005.
 
Fixed Assets
 
Our Company had approximately RMB40,050 million of fixed assets as of December 31, 2006, including aircraft, engines and flight equipment with a value of approximately RMB35,793 million. Fixed assets are initially recognized at cost and are subsequently stated at a revalued amount, being their fair values at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation.
 
Valuation of fixed assets is affected by market conditions and global economic factors that are not within our control. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment, including judgment on valuations by our management and/or by independent professional appraisers. Our Directors have reviewed the carrying value of our fixed assets as of December 31, 2006 based on the valuations conducted by independent valuers. These valuations resulted in a valuation deficit of RMB1,035 million relating to certain aircraft and related equipment. With the exception of those assets giving rise to the valuation deficit referred to above, the revalued amounts of the other assets are not materially different from their carrying amounts.
 
B.   Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
We typically finance our working capital requirements through a combination of funds generated from operations and short-term bank loans. As a result, our liquidity could be materially and adversely affected to the extent there is a significant decrease in demand for our services or if there is any delay in obtaining bank loans. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of RMB1,987 million and RMB1,655 million, respectively.
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
In 2007, we had net cash inflow from operating activities of RMB2,695 million as a result of our cash generated from operations of RMB4,998 million less interest and income tax we paid in 2007. Our cash generated from operations of RMB4,998 million was mainly due to operating profit before working capital changes of RMB5,978 million and the changes in working capital of RMB980 million. The operating profit before working capital changes of RMB5,978 was a result of the profit before income tax of RMB268 million, mainly adjusted for: (i) depreciation of property, plant and equipment of RMB4,787 million, and (ii) interest expenses of RMB1,978 million, partly offset by net foreign exchange gains of RMB2,023 million. Changes in working capital mainly consist of (i) value for flight equipment spare parts of RMB501 million, (ii) trade receivables of RMB369 million, (iii) prepayments, deposits and other receivables of RMB337 million, partly offset by (i) amounts due from related parties of RMB350 million and (ii) sales in advance of carriages of RMB320 million.
 
40

 
In 2006, we had net cash inflows from operating activities of RMB1,339 million as a result of the cash generated from operations in the amount of RMB3,459 million less interest and income tax we paid in 2006. Our cash generated from operations amounted to RMB3,459 million was mainly due to our operating profit before working capital changes of RMB3,383 million and the changes in working capital of RMB75 million. The operating profit before working capital changes of RMB3,383 million was a result of the loss before income tax of RMB3,616 million, mainly adjusted for (i) depreciation of property, plant and equipment of RMB4,566 million, (ii) interest expenses of RMB1,822 million, and (iii) a revaluation deficit of RMB1,035 million, partly offset by net foreign exchange gains of RMB888 million. Changes in working capital mainly consisted of other payables and accrued expenses in the amount of RMB1,510 million, partly offset by (i) the value of flight equipment spare parts of RMB583 million, (ii) prepayments, deposits and other receivables in the amount of RMB503 million, and (iii) trade payables and notes payables in the amount of RMB182 million.
 
In 2005, we had net cash inflows from operating activities of RMB1,952 million as a result of the cash generated from our operations in the amount of RMB3,370 million less interest and income tax we paid in 2005. Our cash generated from operations of RMB3,370 million was primarily due to our operating profit before working capital changes of RMB4,309 million and the changes in working capital of RMB939 million. The operating profit before working capital changes of RMB4,309 million was a result of the loss before income tax of RMB577 million, mainly adjusted for (i) depreciation of property, plant and equipment of RMB3,912 million and (ii) interest expenses of RMB1,100 million, partly offset by net foreign exchange gains of RMB415 million. Changes in working capital mainly consisted of (i) other payables and accrued expenses in the amount of RMB1,013 million, (ii) value of flight equipment spare parts in the amount of RMB295 million, and (iii) prepayments, deposits and other receivables of RMB288 million, partly offset by trade payables and notes payables in the amount of RMB821 million.
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
In 2007, our net cash outflow from investing activities was RMB1,756 million. Our net cash outflow for investing activities mainly consisted of (i) advanced payments on acquisition of aircrafts of RMB3,737 million and (ii) additions of property, plant and equipment of RMB1,592 million, partly offset by the refund of advanced payments upon delivery of aircrafts of RMB3,065 million.
 
In 2006, our net cash outflow from investing activities was RMB1,679 million. Our net cash outflow for investing activities mainly consisted of (i) advanced payments on acquisition of aircrafts of RMB4,561 million and (ii) additions of property, plant and equipment of RM880 million, partly offset by the refund of advanced payments upon delivery of aircrafts of RMB3,745 million.
 
In 2005, our net cash outflow from investing activities was RMB10,369 million. Our net cash outflow for investing activities mainly consisted of (i) advanced payments on acquisition of aircrafts of RMB7,752 million and (ii) additions of property, plant and equipment of RMB2,676 million.
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
In 2007, our net cash outflow from financing activities was RMB1,254 million. Our net cash outflow for financing activities mainly consisted of (i) repayments of short-term bank loans of RMB16,020 million, (ii) repayments of notes payable of RMB6,206 million, (iii) repayments of long-term bank loans of RMB2,985 million and (iv) repayments of principal for finance leases of RMB2,975 million, partly offset by (i) proceeds from draw down of short-term bank loans of RMB18,465 million, (ii) proceeds from issuance of notes payable of RMB4,351 million and (iii) proceeds of draw down of long-term bank loans of RMB3,383 million.
 
In 2006, our net cash inflow from financing activities was RMB421 million. Our net cash inflow for financing activities mainly consisted of (i) proceeds from draw down of short-term bank loans of RMB14,749 million, (ii) proceeds from issuance of notes payable of RMB7,696 million and (iii) proceeds from draw down of long-term bank loans of RMB6,910 million, partly offset by (i) repayments of short-term bank loans of RMB15,134 million, (ii) repayments of notes payable of RMB6,014 million, (iii) repayments of long-term bank loans of RMB4,179 million and (iv) repayment of debentures of RMB2,000 million.
 
In 2005, our net cash inflow from financing activities was RM8,186 million. Our net cash inflow for financing activities mainly consisted of (i) proceeds from draw down of short-term bank loans of RMB14,307 million, (ii) proceeds from draw down of long-term bank loans of RMB5,135 million, (iii) proceeds from issuance of notes payable of RMB4,229 million and (iv) proceeds from issuance of debentures of RMB1,952 million, partly offset by (i) repayments of short-term bank loans of RMB8,873 million, (ii) repayments of long-term bank loans of RMB3,843 million, (iii) repayments of notes payable of RMB3,376 million and (iv) principal repayments of finance lease obligations of RMB1,157 million.
 
41

 
Working Capital and Liabilities
 
We generally operate with a working capital deficit. As of December 31, 2007, our current liabilities exceeded our current assets by RMB26,074 million. In comparison, our current liabilities exceeded our current assets by RMB24,616 million as of December 31, 2006. The increase in our current liabilities in 2007 was primarily due to an increase in borrowings for payment of advances on aircraft and flight equipment, other payables and accrued expenses, including accrued fuel cost, accrued aircraft overhaul expenses and accrued salaries, wages and benefits, and sales in advance of carriage. Short-term loans outstanding totaled RMB13,176 million and RMB15,189 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. We have arranged, and we believe that we will continue to be able to arrange, short-term bank loans with domestic and foreign-funded banks in China as necessary to meet our working capital requirements. Long-term bank loans outstanding totaled RMB14,932 million and RMB14,675 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
Our consolidated interest-bearing borrowings as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 for the purpose of calculating the indebtedness of our Company, were as follows:
 
   
As of December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
(RMB million)
 
           
Secured bank loans 
   
6,656
   
4,767
 
Unsecured bank loans 
   
21,452
   
25,097
 
Total 
   
28,108
   
29,864
 
 
The maturity profile of interest-bearing borrowings of our Company as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 was as follows:
 
   
As of December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
(RMB million)
 
           
Within one year 
   
16,016
   
18,495
 
In the second year 
   
3,053
   
5,927
 
In the third to fifth year inclusive 
   
7,561
   
4,217
 
After the fifth year 
   
1,478
   
1,226
 
Total 
   
28,108
   
29,864
 
 
As of December 31, 2007, our interest rates relating to short-term borrowings ranged from 4.38% to 6.72%, while our fixed interest rates on our interest-bearing borrowings for long-term bank loans ranged from 4.52% to 7.64%. Our bank loans are denominated in Renminbi, U.S. dollars, Euro and Hong Kong dollars. As of December 31, 2007, our total bank loans denominated in Renminbi amounted to RMB12,529 million, our total bank loans denominated in U.S. dollars amounted to RMB17,197 million, our total bank loans denominated in Euro amounted to RMB130 million, while our bank loans denominated in Hong Kong dollar were equivalent to approximately RMB8 million. See Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements for more information on our borrowings.
 
We have entered into credit facility agreements with certain Chinese banks to meet our future working capital needs. However, our ability to obtain financing may be affected by our financial position and leverage and credit ratings, as well as by prevailing economic conditions and the cost of financing generally. If we are unable to obtain financing for a significant portion of our capital requirements, our ability to acquire new aircraft and to expand our operations may be materially and adversely affected.
 
42

 
We have, and in the future may continue to have, substantial debts. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, our long-term debt to equity ratio was 7.7 and 8.6, respectively. The interest expenses associated with these debts may impair our future profitability. We expect that cash from operations and bank borrowings will be sufficient to meet our operating cash flow requirements, although events that materially and adversely affect our operating results can also have a negative impact on liquidity.
 
Capital Expenditures  
 
Our aircraft orders as of December 31, 2007 included commitments to acquire 39 aircraft to be delivered in 2008 and 2009. We expect our capital expenditures for aircraft and related equipment, including deposits, through 2010 to be in aggregate approximately RMB50,853 million, including RMB17,127 million in 2008 and RMB15,057 million in 2009, in each case subject to contractually stipulated increases or any increase relating to inflation. Construction of our facilities at the Pudong International Airport and the purchase of maintenance equipment and other property and equipment will continue to require additional capital expenditures in 2008. We plan to finance our other capital commitments through a combination of funds generated from operations, existing credit facilities, bank loans, leasing arrangements and other external financing arrangements.
 
The following table sets forth our current estimate of our capital expenditures for 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011:
 
   
Year ending December 31,
 
   
2008E
 
2009E
 
2010E
 
2011E
 
   
(RMB million)
 
Property, plant and equipment
   
17,127
   
15,057
   
13,960
 
 
2,532
 
 
C.   Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
 
None.
 
D.   Trend Information
 
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
 
E.   Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements other than our operating lease arrangements :
 
 
·
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any unconsolidated entity ;
 
 
·
We have not entered into any obligations under any derivative contracts that are indexed to our own shares and classified as shareholder’s equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements; and
 
 
·
We do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity .
 
F.   Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
 
43

 
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments  
 
The following tables set forth selected information regarding our outstanding contractual and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2007:

 
 
Payments Due by Period
 
 
 
(RMB millions)
 
Contractual Obligations
 
Total
 
Less Than 1 Year
 
1-3 Years
 
4-5 Years
 
After 5 Years
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-Term Debt
   
14,675
   
3,305
   
5,927
   
4,217
   
1,226
 
Capital Leases
   
20,608
   
3,357
   
2,206
   
5,714
   
9,331
 
Operating Leases
   
15,400
   
2,614
   
2,382
   
5,033
   
5,371
 
Unconditional Purchase Obligations
   
50,853
   
17,127
   
15,057
   
18,669
   
 
Other Long-term Obligations (1)
   
864
   
   
   
   
 
Post-retirement Benefit Obligations (1)
   
1,405
   
   
   
   
 
Deferred Tax Liabilities
   
50
   
   
   
   
 
Short-term Bank Loans
   
15,189
   
15,189
   
   
   
 
Interest Obligations
   
7,389
   
2,113
   
1,111
   
2,336
   
1,829
 
Under Finance Lease
   
4,156
   
811
   
639
   
1,509
   
1,197
 
Under Bank Loans
   
3,233
   
1,302
   
472
   
827
   
632
 
Fixed Rate
   
1,639
   
869
 
 
193
   
288
   
289
 
Variable Rate (2)
   
1,594
   
433
 
 
279
   
539
   
343
 
Total
   
126,433
   
43,705
   
26,683
   
35,969
   
17,757
 
 

 
(1)
Figures of payments due by period are not available.
 
(2)
For our variable rate loans, interest rates range from 3 months LIBOR + 0.25% to 6 months LIBOR + 1%. Interest obligations relating to variable rate loans are calculated based on the relevant LIBOR rates as of December 31, 2007. A 1% increase in the interest rate would increase the interest obligations by RMB274 million in total with RMB74 million in year 1, RMB48 million in years 2, RMB93 million in years 3 to 5 and RMB59 million for subsequent years.
 
   
Total Amounts
Committed
 
Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period
(RMB millions)
 
Other Commercial Commitments
 
(RMB millions)
 
Less Than 1 Year
 
1-3 Years
 
4-5 Years
 
After 5 Years
 
                       
Line of Credit
    28,478     1,233    
27,245
   
   
 
Standby Letters of Credit
   
   
   
   
   
 
Guarantees
   
   
   
   
   
 
Standby Repurchase Obligations
   
   
   
   
   
 
Other Commercial Commitments
   
   
   
   
   
 
Total
    28,478     1,233     27,245                  
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.
 
Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. Our principal accounting policies are set forth in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements. IFRS requires that we adopt the accounting policies and make estimates that our Directors believe are most appropriate in the circumstances for the purposes of giving a true and fair view of our results and financial condition. However, different policies, estimates and assumptions in critical areas could lead to materially different results. The critical accounting policies adopted and estimates made in the preparation of these financial statements are identified as follows:
 
Estimated impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
 
We test whether property, plant and equipment and intangible assets have been impaired in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(n) to the financial statements. The recoverable amounts of cash generating units have been determined based on value-in-use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates which are disclosed in Note 16(a) to the financial statements.  In 2007, after reviewing the business environment as well as our objectives and past performance,  there was no material impairment loss for goodwill.
 
44

 
Valuation of property, plant and equipment
 
Our property, plant and equipment is subsequently stated at revalued amounts less accumulated depreciation in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(m) to the financial statements. Revaluations of property, plant and equipment will be performed at sufficiently regular intervals, at least every five years, by independent professional valuers. In each of the intervening years valuations will be undertaken by our Directors. If the subsequent revalued amounts differ materially from carrying amounts, the carrying amounts will be adjusted to the revalued amounts. Their recorded value is impacted by management judgment, including valuations performed by management and/or independent professional valuers, estimates of useful lives, residual values and impairment charges. If different judgments or estimates had been utilized, material differences could have resulted in the amount of revaluation and related depreciation charges.  Our Directors have reviewed the carrying value of our fixed assets as of December 31, 2007 and concluded that there is RMB131 million valuation deficit relating to certain aircraft and related equipment. With the exception of those assets giving rise to the valuation deficit referred to above, the revalued amounts of the other assets are not materially different from their carrying amounts.
 
Revenue recognition
 
We recognize passenger, cargo and mail revenues in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(f) to the financial statements. Unused tickets are recognized in traffic revenues based on current estimates. Management annually evaluates the balance in the Sales in advance of carriage account (“SIAC”) and records any adjustments, which can be material, in the period the evaluation is completed.  These adjustments result from differences between the estimates of certain revenue transactions and the timing of recognising revenue for any unused air tickets and the related sales price, and are impacted by various factors, including a complex pricing structure and interline agreements throughout the industry, which affect the timing of revenue recognition.
 
Overhaul costs
 
The overhaul costs in relation to return condition checks for aircraft and engines under operating leases is provided on a straight line basis over the term of the leases. Overhaul costs for aircraft and engines owned by us or held under finance leases are capitalized as a component of property, plant and equipment and are depreciated over the appropriate maintenance cycles. All other repairs and maintenance costs are charged to the income statements as and when incurred. The amount of overhaul costs charged/amortized to operating profits is impacted by management’s estimates of the expected flying hours and overhaul costs, which are largely based on past experience of overhauls of the same or similar models of aircraft. Different judgments or estimates could significantly affect the estimated overhaul expense and materially impact the results of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we reviewed the way we account for certain aircraft maintenance activities and decided to change our accounting policy with respect to the cost of major overhauls of airframes and engines held under operating leases. The review of our accounting policy was, in part, initiated in response to recent changes in generally accepted accounting practice in the United States which have eliminated the use of the accrual method for overhauls. See Note 2(b)(i) for details. 
 
Retirement benefits
 
We operate and maintain defined retirement benefit plans which provide retirees with benefits including transportation subsidies, social activity subsidies as well as other welfare. The cost of providing the aforementioned benefits in the defined retirement benefit plan is actuarially determined and recognized over the employees’ service period by utilizing various actuarial assumptions and using the projected unit credit method in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(w) to the financial statements. These assumptions include, without limitation, the selection of discount rate, annual rate of increase of per capita benefit payment and employees’ turnover rate. The discount rate is based on management’s review of local high quality corporate bonds. The annual rate of increase of benefit payments is based on the general local economic conditions. The employees’ turnover rate is based on historical trends of the Group. Additional information regarding the retirement benefit plans is disclosed in Note 32 to the financial statements.
 
Deferred income tax
 
In assessing the amount of deferred tax assets that need to be recognized in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(k) to the financial statements, we consider future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In the event that our estimates of projected future taxable income and benefits from available tax strategies are changed, or changes in current tax regulations are enacted that would impact the timing or extent of our ability to utilize the tax benefits of net operating loss carry forwards in the future, adjustments to the recorded amount of net deferred tax assets and taxation expense would be made.
 
45

 
Foreign Currency Transactions  
 
We have debts denominated in U.S. dollars, Japanese yen or Euro in addition to our debts denominated in Renminbi. We generate a significant amount of foreign currency revenues, including U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, Euro, Korean won, Hong Kong dollar, Singapore dollar, Australian dollar, and Thailand baht revenues, from ticket sales made in overseas offices. Pursuant to current foreign exchange regulations in China, we may retain our foreign currency earnings subject to the approval of SAFE. We have also designated certain personnel to manage the foreign currency risks through derivative financial products such as forward foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps. We use interest rate swaps to reduce risks related to changes in market interest rates. As of December 31, 2007, the notional amount of outstanding interest rate swap agreements was approximately US$624 million, compared to US$631 million as of December 31, 2006. These interest rate swap agreements will expire between 2008 and 2016. In addition, we use currency forward contracts to reduce risks related to changes in currency exchange rates in respect of ticket sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2007, the notional amount of the outstanding currency forward contracts was approximately US$33 million, which was the same as of December 31, 2006. These currency forward contracts will expire between 2008 and 2010.
 
Pursuant to IFRS, our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are required to be translated into Renminbi at the year end at exchange rates announced by the People’s Bank of China. The net exchange gains or losses are recognized and reflected in the income statement for the relevant year. Any fluctuation of the exchange rates between Renminbi and foreign currencies may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Primarily due to an appreciation of Renminbi against certain foreign currencies (including the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen) following the measures introduced by the PRC Government in July 2005 to reform the Renminbi exchange rate regime, we recognized a net exchange gain of RMB2,023 million in 2007, compared to a net exchange gain of RMB888 million in 2006.
 
46

 
Taxation  
 
Since we changed our registered address to Pudong district in Shanghai on July 1, 2001, we have been subject to income tax at the rate of 15%. Our effective tax rate, however, may be higher than the rate of 15% because some of our subsidiaries are incorporated in jurisdictions where the applicable income tax rate is 33% rather than 15%. We had carried forward tax losses of approximately RMB5,849 million and RMB5,380 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, which can be used to set off against future taxable income before 2008 and 2012, respectively.
 
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress approved the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which took effect on January 1, 2008. The PRC enterprise income tax rate for the Company and all its subsidiaries, except those registered in Hong Kong, has been changed to a standard tax rate of 25%. However, the tax bureau in which the Company and certain of its subsidiaries are registered has not yet announced the detailed transitional provisions from the old rate to the new CIT rate. For the purposes of deferred tax calculations, the Company and its subsidiaries apply a 25% tax rate effective since January 1, 2008. The net deferred tax position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 is insignificant and management considers that the change in tax rate will not have a material impact on our deferred tax position. Further detailed measures and regulations on the determination of taxable profit, tax incentives and grandfathering provisions will be issued by the tax authorities. As and when the tax authorities announce the additional regulations, we will assess their impact, if any, and the corresponding change in accounting estimate will be accounted for prospectively.
 
Inflation
 
In recent years, China has not experienced significant inflation and in 2006, inflation did not have a significant effect on our business. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, China’s overall national inflation rate, as represented by the general consumer price index, was approximately 1.5% and 4.8% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Although neither inflation nor deflation in the past had any material adverse impact on our results of operations, we cannot assure you that the deflation or inflation of the Chinese economy in the future would not materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 
New Pronouncements  
 
The following standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards, which have been published and are relevant to our Company’s operations, are mandatory for accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008 or later periods.  We are still assessing the impact of these new/revised standards and interpretations in detail.
 
 
·
IFRIC 13, “Customer loyalty programmes” (effective from July 1, 2008)
 
 
·
IFRIC 14, “IAS 19 – The limit on a defined benefit asset, minimum funding requirements and their interaction” (effective from January 1, 2008)
 
 
·
IAS 1 (Revised), “Presentation of Financial Statements” (effective from January 1, 2009)
 
 
·
IFRS 8, “Operating segments” (effective from January 1, 2009)
 
 
·
IAS 27 (Revised) “Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements” (effective from annual period beginning on or after July 1, 2009)
 
47

 
 
·
IFRS 3 (Revised) “Business Combinations” (effective for business combinations with acquisition date on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after July 1, 2009)
 
G.   Safe Harbor
 
See the section headed “CAUTIONARY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS”.
 
Item 6.   Directors, Senior Management and Employees
 
A.   Directors and Senior Management  
 
The following table sets forth certain information concerning our Directors, executive officers and supervisors during this reporting period. None of our Directors, supervisors or members of our senior management was selected or chosen as a result of any arrangement or understanding with customers, suppliers or others. There is no family relationship between any Director, supervisor or executive officer and any other Director, supervisor or executive officer of our Company.
 
Name
 
Age
 
Shares Owned
 
Position
             
Li Fenghua
 
58
 
6,600 A Shares
 
Chairman of the Board of Directors
Li Jun (1)
 
55
 
0
 
Vice Chairman
Luo Chaogeng (2)
 
58
 
6,600
 
Non-executive Director
Cao Jianxiong (3)
 
49
 
7,656 A Shares
 
Director and President
Luo Zhuping
 
55
 
11,616 A Shares
 
Director and Secretary of the Board
Hu Honggao
 
54
 
0
 
Independent Non-executive Director
Peter Lok
 
71
 
0
 
Independent Non-executive Director
Wu Baiwang
 
65
 
0
 
Independent Non-executive Director
Zhou Ruijin
 
69
 
0
 
Independent Non-executive Director
Xie Rong
 
56
 
0
 
Independent Non-executive Director
Liu Jiangbo (4)
 
58
 
0
 
Chairman of the Supervisory Committee
Xu Zhao (5)
 
39
 
0
 
Supervisor
Wang Taoying (6)
 
55
 
0
 
Supervisor
Yang Jie
 
38
 
6,600 A Shares
 
Supervisor
Liu Jiashun
 
51
 
3,960 A Shares
 
Supervisor
Zhang Jianzhong
 
53
 
0
 
Vice President
Li Yangmin
 
45
 
3,960 A Shares
 
Vice President
Fan Ru (7)
 
59
 
3,696 A Shares
 
Vice President
Luo Weide
 
52
 
3,960 A Shares
 
Chief Financial Officer
 

 
(1)
Mr. Li Jun has served as Vice Chairman of our Company since June 29, 2007.
 
(2)
Mr. Luo Chaogeng has served as Non-executive Director of our Company since June 29, 2007.
 
(3)
Mr. Cao Jianxiong has served as President of our Company since October 12, 2006.
 
(4)
Ms. Liu Jiangbo has served as Chairman of the Supervisory Committee since Company as of June 29, 2007.
 
(5)
Mr. Xu Zhao has served as Supervisor of our Company since June 29, 2007.
 
(6)
Ms. Wang Taoying has served as Supervisor of our Company since June 29, 2007.
 
(7)
Mr. Fan Ru has served as a Vice President of our Company since November 21, 2006.
 
48

 
On June 29, 2007, during the 2006 annual general meeting, the shareholders of the Company approved the termination of office for the entire fourth session of the Board of the Company and approved the appointment of Mr. Li Fenghua, Mr. Li Jun, Mr. Luo Chaogeng, Mr. Cao Jianxiong, Mr. Luo Zhuping, Mr. Hu Honggao, Mr. Peter Lok, Mr. Wu Baiwang, Mr. Zhou Ruijin and Mr. Xie Rong as directors to the fifth session of the Board of the Company. The shareholders of the Company also approved the termination of office as a whole for the fourth session of the Supervisory Committee, and approved the appointment of Mr. Liu Jiashun, Ms. Liu Jiangbo and Mr. Xu Zhao as supervisors nominated by shareholders to the fifth session of the Supervisory Committee. Pursuant to an employees’ representatives meeting of the Company, Ms. Wang Taoying and Ms. Yang Jie were nominated as supervisors by the employees of the Company with effect from June 29, 2007.
 
On June 29, 2007, the fifth session of the Board of the Company convened its first meeting for 2007 and elected Mr. Li Fenghua as the Chairman of the Board of the Company and Mr. Li Jun as the Vice Chairman of the Board of the Company. In addition, Mr. Xie Rong, Mr. Hu Honggao and Mr. Zhou Ruijin were appointed as the members of the Audit Committee and Mr. Xie Rong as the chairman of the Audit Committee. Mr. Wu Baiwang, Mr. Luo Chaogeng and Mr. Luo Zhuping were appointed as the members of the planning and development committee of the Company (the “Planning and Development Committee”) and Mr. Wu Baiwang as the chairman of the Planning and Development Committee. Mr. Zhou Ruijin, Mr. Luo Chaogeng and Mr. Wu Baiwang were appointed as members of the remuneration and assessment committee of the Company (the “Remuneration and Assessment Committee”), and Mr. Zhou Ruijin as the chairman of the Remuneration and Assessment Committee. Based on the nomination by the Chairman of the Board of the Company, Mr. Cao Jianxiong was appointed as the President of the Company, and based on the nomination by the President of the Company, Mr. Zhang Jianzhong, Mr. Li Yangmin and Mr. Fan Ru were appointed as the Vice Presidents of the Company and Mr. Luo Weide as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Based on the nomination by the Chairman of the Board of the Company, Mr. Luo Zhuping was appointed as the secretary to the Board of the Company. Ms. Liu Jiangbo was elected as the chairman of the supervisory committee of the Company
 
Directors and Executive Officers  
 
Mr. Li Fenghua is the incumbent Chairman of our Board of Directors, president and deputy party secretary of CEA Holding. Mr. Li joined the civil aviation industry in 1968 and was deputy head, and subsequently became head, of the 26th Fleet of the CAAC from 1987 to 1992. From 1992 to 1996, Mr. Li served as vice-president, and then became president, of the Hubei branch of China Southern Airlines (Group). Since 1996, he became vice-president of China Southern Airlines Company Limited and vice-president of China Southern Airlines (Group). In 2000, Mr. Li became party secretary and vice-president of China Southern Airlines Company Limited. From October 2002 to September 2004, he served as the President of our Company and vice-president of CEA Holding. In September 2004, he became president and deputy party secretary of CEA Holding. Mr. Li graduated from the China Civil Aviation Senior Aviation School and holds the title of First Class Pilot.
 
Mr. Li Jun is currently the Vice Chairman of the Board of the Company and the party secretary of CEA Holding. Mr. Li joined the civil aviation industry in 1972. Since 1977, Mr. Li served as officer in the Political Department and office secretary of CAAC. Mr. Li served as person-in charge of Policy Research Department in the Civil Aviation Bureau in 1984, deputy director of Policy Research Department in the Civil Aviation Bureau in 1986, deputy manager of Planning Department in CAAC in 1989, manager of Planning Department in CAAC in 1994, director of the General Office in CAAC in 1996, manager of Personnel Education Department in CAAC in 2000, and deputy head and party committee member of CAAC in 2001. Since 2006, Mr. Li has served as party secretary of CEA holding. Mr. Li graduated from the Party School of the Central Committee of the C.P.C. He holds a bachelor degree in Economic Management and is a qualified Economist.
 
Mr. Luo Chaogeng is currently an executive Director of our Company. Mr. Luo joined the civil aviation industry in 1970. Mr. Luo was a flight mechanic of the instructing team of the Lanzhou Civil Aviation Administration Bureau from August 1970 to August 1972. From August 1972 to March 1989, he was the flight mechanic of the 8th Civil Aviation Flight Team. From March 1989 to August 1994, he was the deputy commissar, commissar and party secretary of the Xian Flight Team of China Northwest Airlines. From August 1994 to October 1997, he was the party secretary of the aircraft maintenance plant of China Northwest Airlines. From October 1996 to March 1997, he was the party secretary and deputy general manager of the aircraft maintenance base of China Northwest Airlines. From March 1996 to December 2000, he was the deputy director of the Civil Aviation Administration Bureau of China Northwest Airlines. From December 2000 to November 2001, Mr. Luo was the general manager of Yunnan Airlines and the director and deputy party secretary of Civil Aviation Administration Bureau of Yunnan. From November 2001 to September 2002, he was the general manager and deputy party secretary of Yunnan Airlines. From September 2002 to September 2004, he also served concurrently as the general manager of Yunnan Airlines. From September 2004 to the present, he has been the party constitution member and vice president of China Airlines Group Company, and from September 2004 to October 2006, he served as president and deputy party secretary of China Airlines Corporation Limited. From September 1998 to June 2001, Mr. Luo studied a postgraduate course for incumbent leading cadres in professional economics and management at the Central Party School of Shaanxi. Mr. Luo has obtained first class competency in flight mechanics.
 
49

 
Mr. Cao Jianxiong is currently an executive Director of our Company. Mr. Cao joined the civil aviation industry in 1982. From 1992, he served as president of Shanghai Eastern Airlines Development Company and in 1994 he became president of Eastern Airlines Futures Brokerage Company. In early 1996 he served as assistant President of our Company. From 1997, he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of our Company. Since December 1999, he has served as vice president of EA Group. Since October 2002, he served as vice president of CEA Holding, and he also was the party secretary of China Eastern Air Northwest Company from December 2002 to September 2004. Since October 2006, he has served as President of our Company. Mr. Cao graduated from the Civil Aviation Management Institute with a major in labor economics. Mr. Cao also received a Master’s degree in global economics from Eastern China Normal University’s Department of International Finance. Mr. Cao holds the title of Economist.
 
Mr. Luo Zhuping is an executive Director of our Company, the secretary of our Board of Directors and the head of the secretariat of our Board of Directors. Mr. Luo joined CEA in 1988. He was deputy chief and then chief of the enterprise management department of China Eastern Airlines from 1992 to 1997. He was deputy head of the share system office from 1993 to 1996. In 1997, he became the secretary of our Board of Directors and the head of the secretariat of our Board of Directors. He became a Director of our Company in June 2004. Mr. Luo graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy and the Faculty of Law of Anhui University in 1979 and 1985, respectively. In 1994, Mr. Luo received a Master’s degree from the Economics Department of Eastern China Normal University, majoring in global economics. In 1998, he participated in the training program for senior managers of large state-owned enterprises organized in the U.S.A. by the State Economic and Trade Commission and Morgan Stanley.
 
Mr. Hu Honggao has served as an independent non-executive Director of our Company since 1996. He is the vice-dean and professor of law at Fudan University School of Law as well as the head of the Civil and Commercial Law Research Centre of Fudan University, supervising doctoral students majoring in civil and commercial law at Fudan University. He is also a senior lawyer at the Shanghai Shen Yang Law Office. Mr. Hu is a managing director of China Commercial Law Research Society, a managing director of China Economic Law Research Society, a member of the Legislative Consultation Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Government, a member of the Legislative Profession Consultation Committee of the Shanghai Standing Committee of the People’s Congress, vice-chairman of the Shanghai Economic Law Research Society and an arbitrator of the Shanghai Arbitration Committee.
 
Mr. Peter Lok has been an independent non-executive Director of our Company since 1998. Mr. Lok went to the College of Air Traffic Control in England for further studies after joining the Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department in December 1956. He studied air transport, air accident investigation and administration and management of civil aviation in England from 1968 to 1973. In 1982, he became assistant director of the Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department. From 1985, during his time in office at the air services division of the Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department, he participated in negotiations with various countries regarding air traffic rights. He became deputy director in 1988, and subsequently became director in 1990 of the Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department. Mr. Lok retired in 1996 and has served as a consultant at the Flights Standards Department of the CAAC. Mr. Lok is the first Chinese director of the Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department and was at one time an instructor of the College of Air Traffic Control of Hong Kong.
 
Mr. Wu Baiwang has served as an independent non-executive Director of our Company since 1998. Mr. Wu joined the civil aviation industry in 1959 and was deputy fleet leader and subsequently became fleet leader of the 12th Fleet of the CAAC from 1976 to 1984. From 1984 to 1992, Mr. Wu was deputy head and subsequently became head of the CAAC Jilin Bureau. From 1992 to 1995, Mr. Wu was head and party secretary of the CAAC Northeastern Bureau. From September 1995 to 1998, he became president of China General Aviation Corporation. He was the party secretary and vice-president of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Group Company and the Chairman of the board of directors of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Company Limited from 1998 to September 2003. Mr. Wu graduated from Chinese Civil Aviation School in 1965 and holds the title of First Class Pilot.
 
50

 
Mr. Zhou Ruijin has served as an independent non-executive Director of our Company since 2000. Mr. Zhou was deputy editor-in-chief and the East China regional director of the People’s Daily. From 1988 to 1993, Mr. Zhou was party secretary and deputy editor-in-chief of the Liberation Daily. From April 1993 to 1996 he was deputy editor-in-chief of the People’s Daily and from 1996 to 2000 he was deputy editor-in-chief and the East China regional director of the People’s Daily. After he retired, he became vice-chairman of the China Productivity Council and Chairman of the Shanghai Productivity Council. Mr. Zhou graduated from the journalism department of Fudan University in 1962.
 
Mr. Xie Rong has served as an independent non-executive Director of our Company since 2003. Mr. Xie is a certified accountant in the People’s Republic of China and the deputy head of Shanghai National Accounting Institute. He taught at the faculty of accounting of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics from December 1985 to March 1997, and had been an assistant professor, a professor, a doctorate-tutor and the deputy dean of the faculty. Mr. Xie was a partner of KPMG Huazhen from December 1997 to October 2002, and has been the deputy head of Shanghai National Accounting Institute since October 2002. Mr. Xie graduated from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and has a doctorate degree in Economics.
 
Mr. Zhang Jianzhong has served as a Vice President of our Company since June 2004. Mr. Zhang joined the civil aviation industry in 1982. From April 1982 to December 1987, he was an assistant of the Shanghai Civil Aviation Planning Bureau. From December 1987 to April 1990, he was the deputy director of the planning department of Shanghai Hongqiao Airport. From April 1990 to January 1996, he was the director of the planning department of China Eastern Airlines. From January 1996 to April 1999, he was the manager of the sales and marketing department of our Company. From April 1999 to April 2003, he was the Assistant to the President of our Company. From September 2000 to December 2001, he served concurrently as the director of the office of strategic study of our Company. From December 2001 to May 2003, he served concurrently as the general manager of the computer information centre of our Company. From April 2003 to June 2004, he was the chief economic official of our Company. From May 2003 to June 2004, he served concurrently as the general manager of the sales and marketing department of our Company. Mr. Zhang graduated from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Zhejiang University and Professional Study in Economics and Management at Fudan University, where he obtained his master’s degree.
 
Mr. Li Yangmin has served as a Vice President and deputy general manager of our Company since October 2005. Mr. Li joined the civil aviation industry in 1985. From July 1985 to October 1996, he was the deputy head of the aircraft maintenance workshop, head of technology office and secretary of the workshop branch of Northwest Company. From October 1996 to June 2002, he was the deputy general manager of the aircraft maintenance base and the manager of air route department of Northwest Company. From June 2002 to March 2004, he was the general manager of the aircraft maintenance base of China Eastern Air Northwest Company. From March 2004 to October 2005, he was the vice president and a member of the standing committee to the party committee of China Eastern Air Northwest Company. Mr. Li graduated from China Civil Aviation Academy. He is a qualified senior engineer.
 
Mr. Fan Ru has served as Vice President of our Company since November 2006. Mr. Fan started his civil aviation career in 1966. He was a deputy fleet leader of China Eastern Airlines’ Shanghai Fleet since 1988 and was the head of aviation technology management office of China Eastern Airlines since 1995. He was appointed as the deputy chief pilot and the head of aviation technology management office of the Company in 1997. He was the chief pilot of our Company from 1999 to November 2006. Mr. Fan graduated from Advanced Aviation School for professional flying. He has received tertiary education and has obtained first class technical qualifications for pilots.
 
Mr. Luo Weide has served as Chief Financial Officer of our Company since 2000. In 1976 Mr. Luo began his military service at the Air Force in Liuan Airport. From 1979 to 1991 he successively served as department head and deputy head of the Putuo branch of the Shanghai Municipal Tax Bureau. From 1991 to 1993 he concurrently served as head of the finance bureau and the state asset bureau of Putuo District, Shanghai. From 1993 to 1998 he successively served as deputy chief accountant, chief accountant and executive deputy president of Shanghai Jinqiao (Group) Co., Ltd. From 1998 to 2000, he was vice president of Shanghai Pudong Development (Group) Co., Ltd. and chairman of the board and president of Pudong Finance Company. Mr. Luo graduated from the Sino-European International Business School in 1999 with a Master’s degree in business administration. He holds the titles of Senior Accountant and Senior Economist.
 
51

 
Supervisory Committee  
 
As required by the PRC Company Law and our articles of association, our Company has a supervisory committee, or the Supervisory Committee, whose primary duty is the supervision of our senior management, including our Board of Directors, managers and senior officers. The Supervisory Committee consists of five supervisors.
 
Ms. Liu Jiangbo is currently the chairman of the supervisory committee of the Company (the “Supervisory Committee”), and a party member, vice president, and the head of disciplinary inspection group of CEA holding. Ms. Liu Jiangbo joined the civil aviation industry in 1979. Since then, Ms. Liu had been an officer in the Beijing Administrative Bureau of Civil Aviation of China and the deputy secretary of the committee of C.P.C. of the transportation business division. Ms. Liu served as secretary of the committee of the Communist Youth League of the National Civil Aviation in 1985, deputy director of the personnel department of the Traffic Control Bureau of the Aviation of China in 1987, supervisor to the Civil Aviation Administration of China appointed by the Supervisory Bureau of China in 1990, deputy director of the transportation division of CAAC in 1994, secretary of the committee of C.P.C. and vice president of Yunnan Airlines Corporation Limited in 2000, and the party member, vice president and head of the disciplinary examination committee of CEA holding in 2002. Ms. Liu graduated from the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, majoring in business management of industrial economics, having the qualification of post-graduate and senior political work instructor.
 
Mr. Xu Zhao is currently a Supervisor of the Company, and the chief accountant of CEA holding. Mr. Xu joined the civil aviation industry in 2007. Mr. Xu served as engineer and accountant in Dongfeng Motor Group Company Limited in 1991 and 1997 respectively, Mr. Xu joined Shanghai Yanhua High Technology Limited Company as a manager in finance department in 2000, and joined Shaanxi Heavy Duty Automobile Co. Limited as a chief financial officer in 2002. Since January 2007, Mr. Xu has served as the chief accountant in CEA holding. Mr. Xu graduated from Chongxing University, majoring in moulding, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, majoring in accounting, and holds a master degree. Mr. Xu is qualified as an engineer and an accountant, and is a certified public accountant in the PRC.
 
Ms. Wang Taoying, is currently a Supervisor, the assistant to the president, and the general manager of the auditing department of the Company. Ms. Wang joined the civil aviation industry in 1972, was the deputy director of the supervisory and auditing department and the deputy manager of the disciplinary committee office of China Eastern Airlines Company from March 1993 to August 1995. Ms. Wang was the head of the auditing department of China Eastern Airlines Company from August 1995 to March 1997, the supervisor in the first session of the Supervisory Committee from January 1995 to March 1998, the cabin service manager of the Company from March 1997 to April 1999, and the deputy general manager of security department in Pudong, Shanghai of the Company taking charge of the servicing safety in the production procedure from April 1999 to August 2000. Ms. Wang also acted as chief officer of the auditing department of the Company from August 2000 to August 2004. From August 2004 to August 2006, she served as the general manager of the auditing department of the Company and has been the assistant to the president of the Company and the general manager of the auditing department since August 2006. Ms. Wang graduated from the Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, majoring in sociopolitics, and holds a Master of Business Administration degree from the Open University of Macau.
 
Ms. Yang Jie has served as a supervisor of our Company since June 2001. Ms. Yang joined the civil aviation industry in 1992. From 1996 to 1998 she was electronic technology supervisor of the technology office and Communist Youth League secretary of the overhaul department at the aircraft maintenance base of our Company. From 1998 to September 2000 she was Communist Youth League deputy secretary of the aircraft maintenance base of our Company. She was the deputy secretary of our Company’s Communist Youth League from September 2000 to July 2002, and the secretary of our Company’s Communist Youth League from August 2002 to January 2003. Since January 2003, she has been the secretary of the Communist Youth League of CEA Holding, as well as the secretary of the Communist Youth League of our Company. Ms. Yang graduated with a major in aviation electronics from the China Civil Aviation Academy and a major in Business Administration from Sunny Management Academy at Donghua University and she received a master degree in Business Administration. She is also a qualified engineer.
 
52

 
Mr. Liu Jiashun has served as a supervisor of our Company since June 2000. From 1993 to 1999 Mr. Liu was party secretary, deputy president and secretary of the disciplinary committee secretary of China Aviation Fuel Hainan Company, as well as chairman of the board and president of Hainan Nanyang Air Transport Co., Ltd. From 1997 to 1999 he was also in charge of fuel supply engineering at Haikou’s Meilan Airport and served as director of Meilan Airport Co., Ltd. and vice chairman of the board and president of Meilan Industrial Co., Ltd. From 1999 to 2000 he was deputy party secretary of China Aviation Fuel East China Company and he is currently deputy party secretary and secretary of the disciplinary committee of the East China branch of China Aviation Fuel Company. Mr. Liu received post-graduate education and has qualifications as a political work instructor.
 
B.   Compensation  
 
The aggregate amount of cash compensation paid by us to our Directors, supervisors and the senior management during 2007 for services performed as Directors, supervisors and officers or employees of our Company was approximately RMB2,402,000. In addition, Directors and supervisors who are also officers or employees of our Company receive certain other in-kind benefits which are provided to all of our employees. Our Company does not have any bonus or profit sharing plan or any stock option plan.
 
Details of the emoluments paid to our Directors, supervisors and senior management are as follows:
 
   
2007
 
Name and Principal Position
 
Salaries and allowances
 
Bonus
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Executive Directors
                   
Li Fenghua*
   
   
   
 
Luo Chaogeng*
   
   
   
 
Cao Jainxiong*
   
   
   
 
Li Jun*
   
   
   
 
Luo Zhuping
   
187
         
187
 
                     
Independent non-executive Directors
                   
Hu Honggao
   
120
   
   
120
 
Peter Lok
   
117
   
   
117
 
Wu Baiwang
   
120
   
   
120
 
Zhou Ruijin
   
120
   
   
120
 
Xie Rong
   
120
   
   
120
 
                     
Supervisors
                   
Liu Jiangbo*
   
   
   
 
Yang Jie
   
144
   
   
144
 
Wang Taoying
   
169
   
   
169
 
Liu Jiashun
   
   
   
 
                     
Vice executive Directors
                   
Zhang Jianzhong
   
220
   
   
220
 
Li Yangmin
   
202
   
   
202
 
Fan Ru
   
676
   
   
676
 
                     
Finance controller
                   
Luo Weide
   
207
   
   
207
 
                     
Total
   
2,402
   
   
2,402
 

*
Certain Directors of our Company received emoluments from CEA Holding, our parent company, part of which is in respect of their services to our Company and our subsidiaries. No apportionment has been made as it is impracticable to apportion this amount between their services to our Company and their services to CEA Holding.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2007, no Directors and supervisors waived their compensation.
 
53

 
C.   Board Practices
 
All of our Directors and supervisors serve a term of three years or until such later date as their successors are elected or appointed. Directors and supervisors may serve consecutive terms. Two of the supervisors are employee representatives appointed by our employees, and the rest are appointed by the shareholders. The following table sets forth the number of years our Directors, executive officers and supervisors have held their positions and the expiration of their current term.
 
Name
 
Held Position Since
 
Expiration of Term
         
Li Fenghua
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Li Jun
 
June 29,2007
 
June 29, 2010
Luo Chaogeng
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Cao Jianxiong
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Luo Zhuping
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Hu Honggao
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Peter Lok
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Wu Baiwang
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Zhou Ruijin
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Xie Rong
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Liu Jiangbo
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Xu Zhao
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Wang Taoying
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Yang Jie
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Liu Jiashun
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Zhang Jianzhong
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Li Yangmin
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Fan Ru
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
Luo Weide
 
June 29, 2007
 
June 29, 2010
 
None of our Directors, supervisors or members of our senior management has entered into any agreement or reached any understanding with us requiring our Company to pay any benefits as a result of termination of their services.
 
Our Board of Directors established the audit committee in August 2000 in accordance with the listing rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. On June 29, 2007, the fifth session of the Board of the Company held the first meeting for 2007 and elected Mr. Xie Rong, Mr. Hu Honggao and Mr. Zhou Ruijin as the members of the Audit Committee and appointed Mr. Xie Rong as the chairman of the Audit Committee. The audit committee is authorized to, among other things, examine our internal control system and review auditing procedures and financial reports with our auditors. Subject to the approval of the shareholders’ meeting, the audit committee of our Company is also directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of our external auditors, including resolving disagreements between management and the auditor regarding financial reporting. The external auditors report directly to the audit committee. The audit committee holds at least four meetings each year. The audit committee has established procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by our Company regarding accounting, internal controls or auditing matters, and procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters. The audit committee has the authority to engage independent counsel and other advisors, as it determines necessary, to carry out its duties. Our Company provides appropriate funding, as determined by the audit committee, for payment of compensation to the external auditors, advisors employed by the audit committee, if any, and ordinary administrative expenses of the audit committee that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.
 
On June 29, 2007, the fifth session of the Board of the Company held the first meeting for 2007 and appointed Mr. Zhou Ruijin, Mr. Luo Chaogeng and Mr. Wu Baiwang as the remuneration and assessment committee of the Company (the “Remuneration and Assessment Committee”), and Mr. Zhou Ruijin was elected as the chairman of the Remuneration and Assessment Committee. The remuneration and assessment committee is authorized to review the performance of our Directors, supervisors and management as well as determine their annual compensation level. The remuneration and assessment committee shall submit to our Board of Directors or shareholders’ meeting for approval compensation plans and oversee the implementation of approved compensation plans. The remuneration and assessment committee may consult financial, legal or other outside professional firms in carrying out its duties. The remuneration and assessment committee shall meet once a year, within twenty days after the announcement of annual results.
 
54

 
D.   Employees  
 
Through arrangements with CEA Holding and others, we provide certain benefits to our employees, including housing, retirement benefits and hospital, maternity, disability and dependent medical care benefits. Our Company does not have any bonus or profit sharing plan or any stock option plan. See Notes 30 and 31 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Our employees are members of a labor association which represents employees with respect to labor disputes and certain other employee matters. We believe that we maintain good relations with our employees and with their labor association. The table below sets forth the number of our employees as of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively:
 
   
As of December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
               
Pilots
   
2,154
   
2,696
   
2,873
 
Flight attendants
   
3,752
   
5,069
   
5,851
 
Maintenance personal
   
4,480
   
5,595
   
6,043
 
Sales and marketing
   
3,658
   
2,863
   
2,483
 
Other
   
15,257
   
22,169
   
23,227
 
Total
   
29,301
   
38,392
   
40,477
 
 
E.   Share Ownership  
 
See Item 6.A and Item 6.B above.
 
Item 7.   Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
 
A.   Major Shareholders  
 
The following table sets forth certain information regarding ownership of our capital stock as of December 31, 2007 by all persons who were known to us to be the beneficial owners of 5% or more of our capital stock:
 
Title of Class
 
Identity of Person or Group
 
Amount
Owned
 
Percent of
Class
 
Percent of
Total Shares
 
                   
Domestic Shares
   
CEA Holding
   
2,904,,000,000
   
88
%
 
59.67
%
H Shares
   
HKSCC Nominees Limited (1)
 
 
1,544,484,799
   
98.57
%
 
31.73
%
 

 
(1)
As custodian of the Depositary for American Depositary Shares representing H Shares.
 
CEA Holding has held 59.67% of our issued and outstanding capital stock since its establishment in October 2002, and neither it nor HKSCC Nominees Limited has any voting rights different from those of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of our Company.
 
As of December 31, 2007 and June 18, 2008, there were 1,566,950,000 H Shares issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2007 and June 18, 2008, there were, respectively, 55 and 52 registered holders of American depositary receipts evidencing 1,496,150 and 1,281,898 ADSs. Since certain of the ADSs are held by nominees, the above number may not be representative of the actual number of U.S. beneficial holders of ADSs or the number of ADSs beneficially held by U.S. persons. 
 
Our Company is currently a majority-owned subsidiary of CEA Holding. CEA Holding itself is a wholly state-owned enterprise under the administrative control of China State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, or SASAC. CEA Holding’s shareholding in our Company is in the form of ordinary domestic shares, through which it, under the supervision of the SASAC, enjoys shareholders’ rights and benefits on behalf of the PRC Government.
 
55

 
B.   Related Party Transactions  
 
Relationship with CEA Holding and Associated Companies  
 
We enter into transactions from time to time with CEA Holding and its subsidiaries. For a description of such transactions, see Note 40 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
 
Related Business Transactions
 
As our Company and EA Group and its subsidiaries were a single group prior to the restructuring in 2002, certain arrangements among us have continued after the restructuring and the establishment of CEA Holding. Each of these arrangements is non-exclusive, although we do not currently intend to enter into any equivalent contracts with third parties.
 
Eastern Aviation Import and Export Corporation, or EAIEC, a 55% owned subsidiary of CEA Holding. 
 
Our Company and EAIEC have entered into an import/export agency agreement dated May 12, 2005 to supersede our agreement dated January 7, 1997, regarding the import and export of aircraft-related accessories, machinery and equipment for a term of three years commencing from July 1, 1999. The agreement is subject to renewal. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the handling charges paid to EAIEC were approximately RMB35 million in total.
 
We have certain balances with EAIEC, which are unsecured, interest-free and have no fixed term of repayment. See Note 40(b) to our audited consolidated financial statements for more details.
 
On April 29, 2008, we entered into an agreement to renew our agreement dated May 12, 2005 regarding the import and export of aircraft-related accessories, machinery and equipment in substantially the same terms for an additional term of three years commencing from July 1, 2008.
 
Shanghai Eastern Aviation Advertising Service Co., Ltd., or Eastern Advertising, a 55% owned subsidiary of CEA Holding.  
 
Our Company and Eastern Advertising have entered into an advertising service agreement dated May 12, 2005 to supersede our agreement dated December 30, 1996, regarding the provision of advertising services for a term of three years commencing from July 1, 2005. The agreement is subject to renewal. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the aggregate amount we paid to Eastern Advertising for advertising services was approximately RMB14 million .
 
On April 29, 2008, we entered into an agreement to renew our agreement dated May 12, 2005 regarding the provision of advertising services in substantially the same terms, for an additional term of three years commencing from July 1, 2008.
 
China Eastern Air Catering Investment Co., Ltd., or CEA Catering, a 55% subsidiary of CEA Holding. The remaining 45% is owned by our Company.
 
On May 12, 2005, our Company entered into certain catering service agreements with a number of subsidiaries of CEA Catering (including Shanghai Eastern Air Catering Co., Ltd.) regarding the provision of in-flight catering services (including the supply of in-flight meals and beverages, cutlery and tableware) and related storage and complementary services required in our Company’s daily airline operations and civil aviation business. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the aggregate amount we paid to the subsidiaries of CEA Catering for the supply of in-flight meals and other services was approximately RMB331 million.
 
On April 29, 2008, we entered into a service agreement with CEA Catering in substantially the same terms to supercede our agreements dated May 12, 2005. The agreement, regarding the provision of in-flight catering services (including the supply of in-flight meals and beverages, cutlery and tableware) and related storage and complementary services required in our Company’s daily airline operations and civil aviation business, is for a term of three years commencing from July 1, 2008.
 
56

 
Eastern Air Group Finance Co., Ltd., or Eastern Finance, which is 46.3% owned and controlled by CEA Holding and other subsidiaries of CEA Holding.
 
Our Company and Eastern Finance have entered into a financial services agreement dated May 12, 2005 to supersede our agreement with Eastern Finance dated January 8, 1997, regarding the provision of deposit services, loan and financing services and certain other financial services such as the provision of trust loans, financial guarantees and credit facilities and credit references for a term of three years commencing from July 1, 2005. The agreement is subject to renewal. Pursuant to this agreement, we may place deposits with, and obtain loans from, Eastern Finance. As of December 31, 2007, we had short-term deposits amounting to RMB408 million placed with Eastern Finance, which paid interest to us at 0.7% per annum. In addition, our Company had short-term loans of RMB260 million from Eastern Finance. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the weighted average interest rate on the loan was 5.3% per annum.
 
Pursuant to the financial services agreement, Eastern Finance shall deposit all moneys deposited by our Company under the agreement with commercial bank(s) in China, including, for example, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of Agriculture and Bank of Communications. Eastern Finance has also undertaken under the financial services agreement that all outstanding loans it provides to CEA Holding and its subsidiaries (other than our Company) will not at any time and from time to time exceed the aggregate amount of its equity capital, surplus reserves and deposits received from other parties.
 
On April 29, 2008, we entered into a financial services agreement to renew our agreement dated May 12, 2005 regarding the provision of deposit services, loan and financing services and certain other financial services such as the provision of trust loans, financial guarantees and credit facilities and credit references, in substantially the same terms, for an additional term of three years commencing from July 1, 2008.   The new financial services agreement is subject to approval by independent shareholders at our upcoming Annual General Meeting scheduled for June 30, 2008.  
 
TravelSky Technology Ltd., which is 33% owned by CEA Holding. 
 
We pay ticket reservation service charges to TravelSky, which is 33% owned by CEA Holding, in connection with our use of its computer reservation system. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we paid ticket reservation service charges to TravelSky of approximately RMB241 million.
 
Shanghai Eastern Aviation Equipment Manufacturing Corporation, or SEAEMC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CEA Holding. 
 
Our Company and SEAEMC have entered into a service agreement dated May 12, 2005 to supersede our agreement dated December 31, 1996 regarding the provision of comprehensive services in relation to maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft and aviation equipment, and procurement of related equipment and materials required in our Company’s daily operations for a term of three years commencing from July 1, 2005. The agreement is subject to renewal. SEAEMC was established in 1996. SEAEMC’s predecessor was Shanghai Civil Aviation Maintenance and Engineering Company. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we paid RMB11 million to SEAEMC for the purchase by our Company of certain aviation equipment from SEAEMC .
 
On April 29, 2008, we entered into a service agreement to renew our agreement dated May 12, 2005, in substantially the same terms. The agreement regarding the provision of comprehensive services in relation to maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft and aviation equipment, and procurement of related equipment and materials required in our Company’s daily operations extends for an additional term of three years commencing from July 1, 2008.
 
57

 
Ticket Sales 
 
On May 12, 2005, our Company entered into certain sales agency services agreements with several subsidiaries of CEA Holdings regarding the sales of our air tickets by such subsidiaries of CEA Holding as our sales agents and the provision of complementary services for a term of three years commencing from July 1, 2005. The agreement is subject to renewal. Under such agreements, the sales agents charge commissions at rates with reference to those prescribed by the CAAC and the International Aviation Transportation Association, as determined following arm’s length negotiations. Such commissions are payable monthly in arrears. The parties will perform an annual review of the then prevailing commission rate before the 31st of December in each calendar year, and agree on any required adjustments to such commission rate in respect of the next calendar year. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the aggregate amount of commissions we paid to those sales agents for the sales agency services was approximately RMB9 million.
 
On April 29, 2008, we entered into certain sales agency service agreements to renew our agreements dated May 12, 2005 regarding the sales of our air tickets by certain subsidiaries of CEA Holding as our sales agents and the provision of complementary services, in substantially the same terms, for an additional term of three years commencing from July 1, 2008.
 
Property Leases
 
Our Company and EA Group had entered into an office lease agreement dated January 7, 1997 in respect of office premises located at 2550 Hongqiao Road, Shanghai, China. The lease term is one year and renewable by the parties, subject to mutual agreement with respect to rental terms. The total rental payment is approximately RMB158,342 per month. In addition, our Company and EA Group had entered into a staff dormitory lease agreement dated December 31, 1996, pursuant to which EA Group had agreed to enter into lease arrangements with our employees for dormitories in Shanghai, Anhui Province, Shandong Province and Jiangxi Province. The term of the lease and the rental payments are set in accordance with Chinese regulations and the rate prescribed by the Shanghai Municipal Government. CEA Holding has assumed EA Group’s rights and liabilities under those lease agreements after its establishment.
 
On May 12, 2005, we entered into a property leasing agreement with CEA Holding, CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan for a term of three years, subject to renewal of another three years. Pursuant to this property leasing agreement, we leased from CEA Holding, for our use in daily airlines and other business operations: (i) a maximum of altogether 33 land properties owned by CEA Holding through, and registered in the name of, CEA Northwest, covering an aggregate site area of approximately 692,539 square meters located primarily in Xi’an, Xianyang and Yongdeng, together with a total of 225 building properties and related construction, infrastructure and facilities occupying an aggregate floor area of approximately 269,148 square meters; and (ii) a maximum of altogether seven land properties owned by CEA Holding through, and registered in the name of, CEA Yunnan, covering an aggregate site area of approximately 420,768 square meters primarily located in Kunming, together with a total of 81 building properties and related construction, infrastructure and facilities occupying an aggregate floor area of approximately 457,722 square meters. Under the property leasing agreement, our Company shall pay annual rentals to CEA Holding. The rentals are payable half-yearly in advance, and are subject to review and adjustments provided that the adjustments shall not exceed the applicable inflation rates published by the relevant local PRC authorities. In 2007, we paid a rental of RMB55 million under this property leasing agreement.
 
On April 29, 2008, we entered into an agreement to renew the property leasing agreement dated May 12, 2005 for an additional term of three years commencing July 1, 2008. Pursuant to the agreement, we will renew our lease on all properties covered by the previous property leasing agreement entered into on May 12, 2005, except that where we previously leased 81 building properties and related construction, infrastructure and facilities, we will instead lease 77 building properties and related construction, infrastructure and facilities covering an aggregate floor area of approximately 452,949 square meters. In addition, CEA Holding will be the only counterparty in the property leasing renewal agreement. Under the property leasing renewal agreement, our Company will pay annual rentals of approximately RMB55.14 million. The rental payments will be payable half-yearly in advance, and are subject to review and adjustments provided that the adjustments shall not exceed the applicable inflation rates published by the relevant local PRC authorities. The property leasing renewal agreement is subject to approval by independent shareholders at our upcoming Annual General Meeting scheduled for June 30, 2008.
 
58

 
Guarantee by CEA Holding  
 
As of December 31, 2007, certain unsecured long-term bank loans of the Group with an aggregate amount of RMB1,008 million were guaranteed by CEA Holding (see Note 29 to our audited consolidated financial statements).
 
Subscription Agreement with CEA Holding  
 
Our Company and CEA Holding entered into a subscription agreement on November 9, 2007 for CEA Holding to subscribe in cash for 1,100,418,000 new H Shares, which would represent approximately 23% of our existing H shares, for an aggregate consideration of HK$4.2 million. The subscription agreement was part of a proposed investment by SIA and Temasek. See the section headed “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company”.
 
Disposal of interests in China Eastern Air Investment Company Limited
 
On November 16, 2007, our Company, CEA Holding and East China Care System Co., Ltd. entered into an equity transfer agreement regarding our interests in China Eastern Air Investment Company Limited. Our Company agreed to dispose our entire interest of 98.8% in China Eastern Air Investment Company Limited for the consideration of RMB461.9 million, while East China Care System Co., Ltd. also agreed to dispose of its entire 1.2% interest in China Eastern Air Investment Company Limited for the consideration of RMB5.7 million.
 
C.   Interests of Experts & Counsel  
 
Not applicable.
 
59

 
Item 8.   Financial Information
 
A.   Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
 
Financial Statements  
 
You should read “Item 18. Financial Statements” for information regarding our audited consolidated financial statements and other financial information.
 
Legal Proceedings  
 
We are involved in routine litigation and other proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe that any of these proceedings are likely to be material to our business operations, financial condition or results of operations. In 2005, the family members of certain victims in the aircraft accident (the aircraft was then owned and operated by China Eastern Air Yunnan Company), which occurred in Baotou city in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on November 21, 2004, sued, among other defendants, our Company in a U.S. court for compensation, the amount of which has not been determined. As of December 31, 2006, we had filed a motion to contest the claim in the U.S. court because we expressly did not assume the legal liability of such incident in our acquisition of certain selected assets relating to the aviation business of CEA Yunnan. On July 5, 2007, pursuant to several conditions with which our Company has complied, the Superior Court of the State of California ordered the action stayed on the grounds of forum non conveniens for the purpose of permitting proceedings in the PRC. Moreover, the Superior Court scheduled and held a status conference on December 10, 2007, and intends to schedule subsequent status conferences every six months until the litigation in the PRC is resolved or until the Superior Court determines otherwise. On February 20, 2008, the plaintiff filed a motion with the Superior Court of the State of California to lift the stay. The motion was denied by the Superior Court on May 6, 2008. We believe, based on professional advice, that it is unlikely that there will be any material adverse effect on our financial position.
 
Save for the above-mentioned, we were not involved in any other new material litigation in the period of this report.
 
Dividends and Dividend Policy  
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, our shareholder’s meeting approved the payment of a cash dividend of RMB0.02 per share. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, our Board of Directors did not recommend any dividend payout. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, our Board of Directors did not recommend any dividend payout due to our operating results in 2006. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, our Board of Directors also did not recommend any dividend payout due to our total accumulated losses of RMB2,699 million in the year 2007. The balance of retained profits will be carried forward to next year. We will not convert funds from the common reserve to increase our share capital during this period. The declaration and payment of dividends for years following 2007 will depend upon our financial results, our shareholders’ interests, general business conditions and strategies, our capital requirements, contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders, and other factors our Directors may deem relevant. Holders of our H Shares will receive the equivalent amount of cash dividend as that declared in Renminbi, if any, based on the foreign exchange conversion rate published by the People’s Bank of China, or PBOC, on the date of the distribution of the cash dividend.
 
B.   Significant Changes
 
Significant Post Financial Statements Events  
 
The newly enacted Enterprise Income Tax Law, or EIT Law, became effective on January 1, 2008, and superseded the Income Tax Law for Foreign Invested Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises of the PRC and the Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax of the PRC. The EIT Law imposes a uniform income tax rate of 25% for domestic enterprises and foreign invested enterprises. Therefore, while we were subject to a 33% income tax rate prior to January 1, 2008, we have been subject to a lower tax rate of 25% starting from January 1, 2008. Although the State Council of the PRC promulgated the implementing rules of the EIT Law in December 2007, a number of detailed implementing rules are still in the process of promulgation and we are currently unable to fully and accurately evaluate its impact on us.
 
60

 
Item 9.   The Offer and Listing
 
A.   Offer and Listing Details
 
  The principal trading market for our H Shares is the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The ADSs, each representing 100 H Shares, have been issued by The Bank of New York as the Depositary and are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Prior to our initial public offering and subsequent listings on the New York Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on February 4 and 5, 1997, respectively, there was no market for our H Shares or ADSs. Our publicly traded domestic shares, or A shares, have been listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange since November 5, 1997.
 
As of December 31, 2007 and June 18, 2008, there were 1,566,950,000 H Shares issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2007 and June 18, 2008, there were, respectively, 55 and 52 registered holders of American depositary receipts evidencing 1,496,150 and 1,281,898 ADSs. Since certain of the ADSs are held by nominees, the above number may not be representative of the actual number of U.S. beneficial holders of ADSs or the number of ADSs beneficially held by U.S. persons. The depositary for the ADSs is The Bank of New York. A total of 3,300,000,000 domestic ordinary shares were also outstanding as of June 18, 2008.
 
The table below sets forth certain market information relating to our H Shares and ADSs in respect of the period from 2002 to June 18, 2008.
 
   
Price Per H Share
(HK$)
 
Price Per ADS
(US$)
 
   
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
 
                   
2003
   
1.39
   
0.88
   
18.33
   
9.60
 
2004
   
1.85
   
1.28
   
23.22
   
17.03
 
2005
   
1.70
   
0.95
   
22.48
   
12.52
 
2006
   
1.70
   
0.95
   
22.48
   
12.52
 
First Quarter 2006
   
1.44
   
1.19
   
18.24
   
15.50
 
Second Quarter 2006
   
1.29
   
1.03
   
16.88
   
13.07
 
Third Quarter 2006
   
1.36
   
0.99
   
17.25
   
13.00
 
Fourth Quarter 2006
   
1.73
   
1.30
   
22.54
   
16.91
 
2007
   
1.73
   
1.42
   
22.54
   
18.65
 
First Quarter 2007
   
2.83
   
1.68
   
41.54
   
24.02
 
Second Quarter 2007
   
3.78
   
2.17
   
48.52
   
28.00
 
Third Quarter 2007
   
10.50
   
3.73
   
147.30
   
48.05
 
Fourth Quarter 2007
   
9.00
   
5.21
   
111.58
   
68.00
 
December 2007
   
8.18
   
6.00
   
107.00
   
76.73
 
January 2008
   
8.11
   
5.00
   
102.99
   
62.60
 
February 2008
   
5.92
   
4.90
   
74.25
   
62.50
 
March 2008
   
4.95
   
3.29
   
63.14
   
43.61
 
April 2008
   
4.12
   
2.81
   
53.19
   
36.45
 
May 2008
   
4.00
 
 
3.19
 
 
50.93
 
 
40.44
 
June 2008 (up to June 18, 2008)
   
3.56
   
2.68
   
45.45
   
34.20
 
 
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B.   Plan of Distribution
 
Not applicable.
 
C.   Markets
 
Our H shares are listed for trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Code: 00670), our ADSs are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CEA” and our A shares are listed for trading on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (Code: 600115).
 
D.   Selling Shareholders
 
Not applicable.
 
E.   Dilution
 
Not applicable.
 
F.   Expenses of the Issue
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 10.   Additional Information
 
A.   Share Capital
 
Not applicable.
 
B.   Memorandum and Articles of Association
 
The following is a brief summary of certain provisions of our Articles of Association, as amended.  Such summary does not purport to be complete.  For further information, you and your advisors should refer to the text of our Articles of Association, as amended, and to the texts of applicable laws and regulations.  
 
A copy of the English translation of our Articles of Association, as amended on June 29, 2007, is attached as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 20-F. We also received shareholder approval at the January 9, 2008 extraordinary general meeting for proposed amendments to the Articles of Association that are conditional upon the completion of the Investor Subscription Agreement between SIA, Temasek and our Company and the completion of the CEA Holding Subscription Agreement between CEA Holding and our Company. As the completion of both the Investor Subscription Agreement between SIA, Temasek and our Company and the CEA Holding Subscription Agreement between CEA Holding and our Company has not yet occurred, we have not included the related proposed amendments in our current Articles of Association as they are not currently in effect.
 
Selected Summary of the Articles of Association
 
We are a joint stock limited company established in accordance with the "Company Law of the People's Republic of China" (the "Company Law"), the "State Council's Special Regulations Regarding the Issue of Shares Overseas and the Listing of Shares Overseas by Companies Limited by Share" (the "Special Regulations") and other relevant laws and regulations of the State. We were established by way of promotion with the approval under the document "Ti Gai Sheng" [1994] No.140 of the People's Republic of China's State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System. We are registered with and have obtained a business license from China's State Administration Bureau of Industry and Commerce on April 14, 1995. Our business license number is: 10001767-8. We changed our registration with Shanghai Administration for Industry and Commerce on October 18, 2002. The number of our Company’s business license is: Qi Gu Hu Zong Zi No. 032138.
 
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We were incorporated in the People’s Republic of China for the purpose of providing the public with safe, punctual, comfortable, fast and convenient air transport services and other ancillary services, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of the services and to protect the lawful rights and interests of shareholders.
 
Board of Directors
 
The Board of Directors shall consist of eleven (11) directors, who are to be elected at the shareholders’ general meeting and will hold a term of office for three (3) years. At least one-third of the members of the Board of Directors shall be independent directors. The Directors are not required to hold shares of our Company.
 
Directors who are directly or indirectly materially interested in a contract, transaction or arrangement or proposed contract, transaction or arrangement with our Company (other than his contract of service with our Company) shall declare the nature and extent of his interests to the Board of Directors at the earliest opportunity, whether or not the contract, transaction or arrangement or proposal therefore is otherwise subject to the approval of the Board of Directors.
 
In accordance with our Articles, a director shall abstain from voting at a board meeting the purpose of which is to approve contracts, transactions or arrangements that such director or any of his or her associates (as defined in the relevant rules governing the listing of securities) has a material interest. Such director shall not be counted in the quorum for the relevant board meeting.
 
Unless the interested director discloses his interests in accordance with our Articles of Association and the contract, transaction or arrangement is approved by the Board of Directors at a meeting in which the interested director is not counted in the quorum and refrains from voting, a contract, transaction or arrangement in which that director is materially interested is voidable at the instance of our Company except as against a bona fide party thereto acting without notice of the breach of duty by the interested director. A director is also deemed to be interested in a contract, transaction or arrangement in which an associate of the director is interested.
 
Our Articles provide that our Company shall not in any manner pay taxes for or on behalf of a director or make directly or indirectly a loan to or provide any guarantee in connection with the making of a loan to a director of our Company or of our Company's holding company or any of their respective associates. However, the following transactions are not subject to such prohibition: (1) the provision by our Company of a loan or a guarantee of a loan to a company which is a subsidiary of our Company; (2) the provision by our Company of a loan or a guarantee in connection with the making of a loan or any other funds to any of its directors, administrative officers to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him for the purposes of our Company or for the purpose of enabling him to perform his duties properly, in accordance with the terms of a service contract approved by the shareholders in general meeting; (3) our Company may make a loan to or provide a guarantee in connection with the making of a loan to any of the relevant directors or their respective associates in the ordinary course of its business on normal commercial terms, provided that the ordinary course of business of our Company includes the lending of money or the giving of guarantees.
 
Our Articles do not contain any requirements for (i) the directors’ power to vote compensation to themselves or any members of their body, in the absence of an independent quorum or (ii) the directors to retire by a specified age.
 
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Description of the Shares
 
As of December 31, 2007, our share capital structure was as follows: 4,866,950,000 ordinary shares, of which (a) 2,904,000,000 A shares were issued upon the establishment of the Company and all subscribed for by the promoter of the Company, which represent 59.7% of our share capital, were held by Eastern Air Group Company; (b) 1,566,950,000 H shares, which represent 32.2% of our share capital, were issued to and purchased by foreign investors in an initial public offering; and (c) 396,000,000 A shares, which represent 8.1% of our share capital, were issued to investors in China.
 
Our ordinary shareholders shall enjoy the following rights:

(i)
the right to dividends and other distributions in proportion to the number of shares held;

(ii)
the right to attend or appoint a proxy to attend Shareholders’ general meetings and to vote thereat;

(iii)
the right of supervisory management over the Company’s business operations, and the right to present proposals or enquiries;

(iv)
the right to transfer shares in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and provisions of these Articles of Association;

(v)
the right to obtain relevant information in accordance with the provisions of these Articles of Association, including:

(1) the right to obtain a copy of these Articles of Association, subject to payment of the cost of such copy;

(2) the right to inspect and copy, subject to payment of a reasonable charge;

(a) all parts of the register of shareholders;

(b) personal particulars of each of the Company’s directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers, including:

(aa) present name and alias and any former name or alias;

(bb) principal address (residence);

(cc) nationality;

(dd) primary and all other part-time occupations and duties;

(ee) identification documents and their relevant numbers;

(c) state of the Company’s share capital;

(d) reports showing the aggregate par value, quantity, highest and lowest price paid in respect of each class of shares repurchased by the Company since the end of the last accounting year and the aggregate amount paid by the Company for this purpose;

(e) minutes of Shareholders’ general meetings and the accountant’s report,
 
(vi)
in the event of the termination or liquidation of the Company, to participate in the distribution of surplus assets of the Company in accordance with the number of shares held;

(vii)
other rights conferred by laws, administrative regulations and these Articles of Association.
 
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A shareholder (including a proxy), when voting at a Shareholders’ general meeting, may exercise such voting rights in accordance with the number of shares carrying the right to vote and each share shall have one vote. Resolutions of shareholders’ general meetings shall be divided into ordinary resolutions and special resolutions. To adopt an ordinary resolution, votes representing more than one half of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the meeting must be exercised in favor of the resolution in order for it to be passed. To adopt a special resolution, votes representing more than two-thirds of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the meeting must be exercised in favor of the resolution in order for it to be passed. Our ordinary shareholders are entitled to the right to dividends and other distributions in proportion to the number of shares held, and they are not liable for making any further contribution to the share capital other than as agreed by the subscriber of the relevant shares on subscription. Our Articles provide that a controlling shareholder (as defined in the Articles) shall not approve certain matters which will be prejudicial to the interests of all or some of other shareholders by exercising his/her voting rights.
 
The Listing Agreement between us and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange further provides that we may not permit amendments to certain sections of the Articles of Association subject to the Mandatory Provisions for the Articles of Association of Companies Listed Overseas promulgated by the State Council Securities Commission and the State Restructuring Commission on August 27, 1994 (the “Mandatory Provisions”). These sections include provisions relating to (i) varying the rights of existing classes of shares; (ii) voting rights; (iii) our power to purchase our own shares; (iv) rights of minority shareholders; and (v) procedures upon liquidation. In addition, certain amendments to the Articles of Association require the approval and assent of relevant PRC authorities.
 
Shareholders’ Meetings
 
Shareholders’ general meetings are divided into annual general meetings and extraordinary general meetings. Shareholders’ general meetings shall be convened by the Board of Directors. Annual general meetings are held once every year and within six (6) months from the end of the preceding financial year. The Board of Directors shall convene an extraordinary general meeting within two (2) months of the occurrence of any one of the following events:

(i)
where the number of Directors is less than the number of Directors required by the Company Law or two-thirds of the number of Directors specified in these Articles of Association;

(ii)
where the unrecovered losses of the Company amount to one-third of the total amount of its share capital;

(iii)
where shareholder(s) holding 10 per cent or more of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares carrying voting rights request(s) in writing the convening of an extraordinary general meeting;

(iv)
when deemed necessary by the Board of Directors or as requested by the supervisory committee.
 
When we convene a shareholders’ general meeting, written notice of the meeting shall be given forty five (45) days before the date of the meeting to notify all of the shareholders in the share register of the matters to be considered and the date and place of the meeting. A shareholder who intends to attend the meeting shall deliver his written reply concerning the attendance of the meeting to us twenty (20) days before the date of the meeting. When we convene a shareholders’ annual general meeting, shareholders holding 5 per cent or more of the total voting shares of the Company shall have the right to propose new motions in writing, and we shall place those matters in the proposed motions within the scope of functions and powers of the Shareholders’ general meeting on the agenda.

65

 
Shareholders’ Rights
 
Set forth below is certain information relating to the H Shares, including a brief summary of certain provisions of the Articles, and selected laws and regulations applicable to us.
 
Sources of Shareholders’ Rights
 
The rights and obligations of holders of H Shares and other provisions relating to shareholder protection are principally provided in the Articles of Association and the PRC Company Law. The Articles of Association incorporate mandatory provisions in accordance with the Mandatory Provisions. We are further subject to management ordinances applicable to the listed companies in Hong Kong SAR and the United States, as our H Shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange (in the form of ADSs).
 
In addition, for so long as the H Shares are listed on The Hong Kong Stock Exchange, we are subject to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “HKSE Rules”), the Securities and Futures Ordinance of Hong Kong (the “SFO”) and the Hong Kong Code on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Repurchases.
 
Unless otherwise specified, all rights, obligations and protections discussed below derived from the Articles of Association, the PRC Company Law and abovementioned laws and regulations.
 
Significant Differences in the H Shares and A Shares
 
Holders of H Shares and A Shares, with minor exceptions, are entitled to the same economic and voting rights. The Articles of Association provide that dividends or other payments payable to H Share holders shall be declared and calculated in Renminbi and paid in Renminbi, while those to A Share holders shall be declared and calculated in Renminbi and paid in the local currency at the place where such A Shares are listed ( if there is more than one place of listing, then the principal place of listing as determined by the Board of Directors). In addition, the H Shares can only be traded by investors of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and any country other than the PRC, while A Shares may be traded only by investors within the territory of the PRC.
 
Restrictions on Transferability and the Share Register
 
H Shares may be traded only among investors who are not PRC persons, and may not be sold to PRC investors. There are no restrictions on the ability of investors who are not PRC residents to hold H Shares.
 
Pursuant to the Articles of Association, we may refuse to register a transfer of H Shares unless
 
(1)
a fee (for each instrument of transfer) of two dollars and fifty cents Hong Kong dollars or any higher fee as agreed by the Stock Exchange has been paid to us for registration of any transfer or any other document which is related to or will affect ownership of or change of ownership of the shares;
 
(2)
the instrument of transfer only involves H Shares;
 
(3)
the stamp duty chargeable on the instrument of transfer has been paid;
 
(4)
the relevant share certificate and upon the reasonable request of the Board of Directors any evidence in relation to the right of the transferor to transfer the shares have been submitted;
 
(5)
if it is intended to transfer the shares to joint owners, then the maximum number of joint owners shall not exceed four (4);
 
(6)
we do not have any lien on the relevant shares.
 
If we refuse to register any transfer of shares, we shall within two months of the formal application for the transfer provide the transferor and the transferee with a notice of refusal to register such transfer. No changes in the shareholders' register due to the transfer of shares may be made within thirty (30) days before the date of a Shareholders' general meeting or within five (5) days before the record date established for the purpose of distributing a dividend.
 
66

 
Merger and Acquisitions
 
In the event of the merger or division of our Company, a plan shall be presented by our Board of Directors and shall be approved in accordance with the procedures stipulated in our Articles of Association and then the relevant examining and approving formalities shall be processed as required by law. A shareholder who objects to the plan of merger or division shall have the right to demand that we or the shareholders who consent to the plan of merger or division acquire such dissenting shareholders’ shareholding at a fair price. The contents of the resolution of merger or division of our Company shall be made into special documents for shareholders’ inspection.
 
Repurchase of Shares
 
We may, with approval according to the procedures provided in these Articles of Association and subject to the approval of the relevant governing authority of the State, repurchase its issued shares under the following circumstances:

(i)   cancellation of shares for the reduction of its capital;

(ii)   merging with another company that holds shares in our Company;

(iii)   other circumstances permitted by relevant laws and administrative regulations.
 
We shall not repurchase its issued shares except under the circumstances stated above.
 
We may, with the approval of the relevant State governing authority for repurchasing its shares, conduct the repurchase in one of the following ways:

(i)   making a pro rata general offer of repurchase to all our shareholders;

(ii)   repurchasing shares through public dealing on a stock exchange;

(iii)   repurchase by an off-market agreement outside a stock exchange.
 
Interested Shareholders
 
Articles 88 and 89 of our Articles of Associations provide the following:
 
Article 88 :
 
The following circumstances shall be deemed to be a variation or abrogation of the class rights of a class:
 
(i)     to increase or decrease the number of shares of such class, or increase or decrease the number of shares of a class having voting or equity rights or privileges equal or superior to those of the shares of that class;
 
(ii)   to effect an exchange of all or part of the shares of such class into shares of another class or to effect an exchange or create a right of exchange of all or part of the shares of another class into the shares of such class;
 
(iii)   to remove or reduce rights to accrued dividends or rights to cumulative dividends attached to shares of such class;
 
(iv)   to reduce or remove a dividend preference or a liquidation preference attached to shares of such class;
 
(v)   to add, remove or reduce conversion privileges, options, voting rights, transfer or pre-emptive rights, or rights to acquire securities of the Company attached to shares of such class;
 
(vi)   to remove or reduce rights to receive payment payable by the Company in particular currencies attached to shares of such class;
 
(vii)   to create a new class of shares having voting or equity rights or privileges equal or superior to those of the shares of such class;
 
(viii)   to restrict the transfer or ownership of the shares of such class or add to such restrictions;
 
67

 
(ix)   to allot and issue rights to subscribe for, or convert into, shares in the Company of such class or another class;
 
(x)   to increase the rights or privileges of shares of another class;
 
(xi)   to restructure the Company where the proposed restructuring will result in different classes of shareholders bearing a disproportionate burden of such proposed restructuring;
 
(xii)   to vary or abrogate the provisions of this Chapter.
 
Article 89:
 
Shareholders of the affected class, whether or not otherwise having the right to vote at Shareholders’ general meetings, shall nevertheless have the right to vote at class meetings in respect of matters concerning sub-paragraphs (2) to (8), (11) and (12) of Article 88, but interested shareholder(s) shall not be entitled to vote at class meetings.
 
The meaning of “interested shareholder(s)” as mentioned in the preceding paragraph is:
 
(i)   in the case of a repurchase of shares by offers to all shareholders or public dealing on a stock exchange under Article 30, a “controlling shareholder” within the meaning of Article 33;
 
(ii) in the case of a repurchase of shares by an off-market contract under Article 30, a holder of the shares to which the proposed contract relates;
 
(iii) in the case of a restructuring of the Company, a shareholder within a class who bears less than a proportionate obligation imposed on that class under the proposed restructuring or who has an interest in the proposed restructuring different from the interest of shareholders of that class .
 
Ownership Threshold
 
There are no ownership thresholds above which shareholder ownership is required to be disclosed.
 
Changes in Capital
 
Article 78(1) provides that any increase or reduction in share capital shall be resolved by a special resolution at a shareholders’ general meeting.
 
Changes in Registered Capital
 
The Company may reduce its registered share capital. It shall do so in accordance with the Company Law, any other relevant regulatory provisions and these Articles of Association.
 
Recent Amendments to the Articles of Association
 
On June 29, 2007, our shareholders approved an amendment to Article 21 of the Articles of Association. The Articles were amended by adding the following new paragraph after the first paragraph of Article 21 :
 
“On 18th December, 2006, the share reform plan of the Company was approved in the relevant shareholders’ meeting of the A share market. Upon the implementation of the share reform, the total share capital of the Company remained unchanged and still comprised 4,866,950,000 shares, of which 2,904,000,000 A shares, representing 59.67% of the total share capital of the Company, were held by China Eastern Air Holding Company. The 1,566,950,000 shares, representing 32.20% of the total share capital of the Company, were overseas listed H shares, and the 396,000,000 shares, representing 8.13% of the total share capital of the Company, were domestic listed A shares.”
 
68

 
C.   Material Contracts
 
For a summary of any material contracts entered into by our Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries outside of the ordinary course of business during the last two years, see “Item 4. Information on the Company”, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”.
 
In addition, we entered into the following agreements to purchase aircraft, which are filed with this Annual Report as exhibits:
 
 
·
an amendment to an aircraft purchase agreement, dated as of April 21, 2005, between our Company and Airbus SAS regarding the purchase of 15 Airbus A320 series aircraft;
 
 
·
an aircraft purchase agreement, dated as of August 8, 2005, between our Company and The Boeing Company regarding the purchase of 15 Boeing 787 aircraft (with engines);
 
 
·
an aircraft purchase agreement, dated as of December 20, 2005, as amended by a supplemental agreement dated as of April 10, 2006, between our Company and The Boeing Company regarding the purchase of 20 Boeing 737 NG series aircraft (with engines);
 
 
·
an amendment to an aircraft purchase agreement, dated as of June 26, 2006, between our Company and Airbus SAS regarding the purchase of 30 Airbus A320 aircraft (with engines); and
 
 
·
an aircraft purchase agreement, dated January 30, 2008, between our Company and Boeing regarding the purchase of 30 737 NG aircraft (with engines).
 
D.   Exchange Controls
 
The Renminbi is not currently a freely convertible currency. SAFE, under the authority of PBOC, controls the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currency. Prior to January 1, 1994, Renminbi could be converted to foreign currency through the Bank of China or other authorized institutions at official rates fixed daily by SAFE. Renminbi could also be converted at swap centers open to Chinese enterprises and foreign invested enterprises, or FIEs, subject to SAFE approval of each foreign currency trade, at exchange rates negotiated by the parties for each transaction. Effective January 1, 1994, a unitary exchange rate system was introduced in China, replacing the dual-rate system previously in effect. In connection with the creation of a unitary exchange rate, the PRC Government announced the establishment of an inter-bank foreign exchange market, the China Foreign Exchange Trading System, or CFETS, and the phasing out of the swap centers. Effective December 1, 1998, the swap centers were abolished by the PRC Government.
 
On July 21, 2005, the PRC Government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the Renminbi is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in a significant appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. While the international reaction to Renminbi revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the PRC Government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar.
 
In general, under existing foreign exchange regulations, domestic enterprises operating in China must price and sell their goods and services in China in Renminbi. Any foreign exchange received by such enterprises must be sold to authorized foreign exchange banks in China. A significant portion of our revenue and operating expenses are denominated in Renminbi, while a portion of our revenue, capital expenditures and debts are denominated in U.S. dollars and other foreign currencies. Renminbi is currently freely convertible under the current account, which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign currency transactions, but not under the capital account, which includes foreign direct investment, unless the prior approval of the SAFE, is obtained. As a foreign investment enterprise approved by the MOC, we can purchase foreign currency without the approval of SAFE for settlement of current account transactions, including payment of dividends, by providing commercial documents evidencing these transactions. We can also retain foreign exchange in our current accounts, subject to a maximum amount approved by SAFE, to satisfy foreign currency liabilities or to pay dividends. However, the relevant PRC Government authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase and retain foreign currencies in the future. Foreign currency transactions under the capital account are still subject to limitations and require approvals from SAFE. This may affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to pay dividends or satisfy our foreign exchange liabilities.
 
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E.   Taxation
 
The taxation of income and capital gains of holders of H Shares or ADSs is subject to the laws and practices of China and of jurisdictions in which holders of H Shares or ADSs are resident or otherwise subject to tax. The following summary of certain relevant taxation provisions is based on current law and practice, is subject to change and does not constitute legal or tax advice. The discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in the H Shares or ADSs. In particular, the discussion does not address the tax consequences under state, local and other laws, such as non-U.S. federal laws. Accordingly, you should consult your own tax adviser regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the H Shares and ADSs. The discussion is based upon laws and relevant interpretations in effect as of the date of this Annual Report, all of which are subject to change.
 
Taxation — Hong Kong
 
The following discussion summarizes the material Hong Kong tax provisions relating to the ownership of H shares or ADSs purchased in connection with the global offering and held by you.
 
Dividends
 
Under current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department practice, no Hong Kong tax is payable by the recipient in respect of dividends paid by us.
 
Taxation of Capital Gains
 
No Hong Kong tax is imposed on capital gains arising from the sale of property (such as H shares) acquired and held as investment assets. However, if a person carries on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong (e.g., trading and dealing in securities) and derives trading gains from that trade, profession or business in or from Hong Kong, Hong Kong profits tax will be payable. Gains from sales of H shares effected on or off the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are considered to derive from or arise in Hong Kong for this purpose. Hong Kong profits tax is currently charged at the rate of 16.5% for corporations and at the rate of 15% for individuals.
 
No Hong Kong tax liability will arise on capital or trading gains arising from the sale of ADSs where the purchase and sale is effected outside Hong Kong, e.g. on the NYSE.
 
Hong Kong Stamp Duty
 
Hong Kong stamp duty is payable by each of the seller and the purchaser for every sold note and every bought note created for every sale and purchase of the H shares. Stamp duty is charged at the total rate of 0.2% of the value of the H shares transferred (the buyer and seller each paying 0.1% of such stamp duty). In addition, a fixed duty of HK$5 is currently payable on an instrument of transfer of H shares. If one of the parties to a sale is a non-resident of Hong Kong and does not pay the required stamp duty, the stamp duty not paid will be assessed on the instrument of transfer (if any), and the transferee will be liable for payment of such stamp duty.
 
If the withdrawal of H shares when ADSs are surrendered or the issuance of ADSs when H shares are deposited results in a change of beneficial ownership in the H shares under Hong Kong law, Hong Kong stamp duty at the rate described above for sale and purchase transaction will apply. The issuance of ADSs for deposited H shares issued directly to the depositary or for the account of the depositary should not lead to a Hong Kong stamp duty liability. Holders of the ADSs are not liable for the Hong Kong stamp duty on transfers of ADSs outside of Hong Kong so long as the transfers do not result in a change of beneficial interest in the H shares under Hong Kong law.
 
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Hong Kong Estate Duty
 
Hong Kong estate duty was abolished with respect to persons passing away on or after February 11, 2006.
 
Taxation — China  
 
The following is a general summary of certain Chinese tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the H Shares and ADSs. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences of the ownership of Shares or ADSs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors. This summary is based on the tax laws of China as in effect on the date of this Annual Report, as well as on the U.S.-China Treaty, all of which are subject to change (or changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect.
 
In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for Chinese tax purposes, holders of ADRs evidencing ADSs will be treated as the owners of the H Shares represented by those ADSs, and exchanges of H Shares for ADSs, and ADSs for H Shares, will not be subject to Chinese tax.
 
Taxation of Dividends by China  
 
Individual Investors
 
The Provisional Regulations of China Concerning Questions of Taxation on Enterprises Experimenting with the Share System, or the Provisional Regulations, provide that dividends from Chinese companies are ordinarily subject to a Chinese withholding tax levied at a flat rate of 20%. However, the Chinese State Tax Bureau issued, on July 21, 1993, a Notice Concerning the Taxation of Gains on Transfer and Dividends from Shares (Equities) Received by Foreign Investment Enterprises, Foreign Enterprises and Foreign Individuals, or the Tax Notice, which provides that dividends from a Chinese company on shares listed on an overseas stock exchange, or Overseas Shares, such as H Shares (including H Shares represented by ADSs), would not be subject to Chinese withholding tax. The relevant tax authority has not collected withholding tax on dividend payments on Overseas Shares.
 
Amendments to the individual Income Tax Law of the PRC, or the Amendments, were promulgated on October 31, 1993 and became effective on January 1, 1994. The Amendments provide that any provisions of prior administrative regulations concerning individual income tax which contradict the Amendments are superseded by the Amendments. The Amendments and the amended Individual Income Tax Law can be interpreted to mean that foreign individuals are subject to a withholding tax on dividends received from a Chinese company at a rate of 20% unless such income is specifically exempted from individual income tax by the financial authority of the State Council. However, in a letter dated July 26, 1994 to the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System, the State Securities Commission and the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Tax Bureau confirmed the temporary tax exemption set forth in the Tax Notice for dividends received from a Chinese company listed overseas. In the event this letter is withdrawn, a 20% tax may be withheld on dividends in accordance with the Provisional Regulations, the Amendments, and the Individual Income Tax law of China. Such withholding tax may be reduced pursuant to an applicable double taxation treaty.
 
Enterprises
 
Under the newly enacted PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, and the implementation regulations to the EIT Law, effective January 1, 2008, PRC income tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are “non-resident enterprises”, which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or which have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business. The rate could be reduced or eliminated pursuant to an applicable double taxation treaty.
 
Tax Treaties
 
Non-Chinese investors resident in countries which have entered into double-taxation treaties with China may be entitled to a reduction of the withholding tax imposed on the payment of dividends to non-Chinese investors of our Company. China currently has double-taxation treaties with a number of other countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States.
 
Under the U.S.-China Treaty, China may tax a dividend paid by our Company to a U.S. holder of H Shares or ADSs only up to a maximum of 10% of the gross amount of such dividend.
 
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Taxation of Capital Gains by China
 
Individual Investors
 
The Tax Notice provides that gains realized upon the sale of Overseas Shares are not subject to taxes on capital gains. Although the Ministry of Finance has been empowered to collect a tax of 20% on gains derived from the sale of equity shares, a joint notice issued in February 1996 by the Ministry of Finance and the State Tax Bureau indicated that no capital gains tax would be imposed on gains from the sale of shares until the Ministry of Finance and the State Tax Bureau promulgate new rules. Therefore, holders of H Shares or ADSs have not been subject to taxation on gains realized upon the sale or disposition of such shares currently. However, holders of H Shares or ADSs could become subject to a 20% capital gains tax in the future, unless reduced or eliminated pursuant to an applicable double taxation treaty.
 
Under the U.S.-China Treaty, China may only tax gains from the sale or disposition by a U.S. holder of H Shares or ADSs representing an interest in the company of 25% or more.
 
Enterprises
 
Under the EIT Law and the implementation regulations to the EIT Law, gains realized upon the sale of Overseas Shares by “non-resident enterprises” may be subject to PRC taxation at the rate of 10% (or lower treaty rate).
 
Chinese Stamp Tax  
 
Chinese stamp tax imposed on the transfer of shares of Chinese publicly traded companies under the Share System Tax Regulations should not apply to the acquisition or disposition by non-Chinese investors of H Shares or ADSs outside of China by virtue of the Provisional Regulations of The People’s Republic of China Concerning Stamp Tax, which provides that Chinese stamp tax is imposed only on documents executed or received within China or that should be considered as having been executed or received within China.
 
United States Federal Income Taxation  
 
You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state and local and other tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of H shares or ADSs in your particular circumstances.  
 
United States Federal Income Taxation  
 
This section describes the material United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of H shares or ADSs. This section applies to you only if you are a U.S. holder, as defined below, and you hold your H shares or ADSs as capital assets for United States federal income tax purposes. This section does not address all of the tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the H shares or ADSs, and does not apply to you if you are a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, including:
 
 
·
a dealer in securities;
 
 
·
a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities holdings;
 
 
·
a partnership or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
 
 
·
a tax-exempt organization;
 
 
·
a bank, financial institution, or insurance company;
 
 
·
a real estate investment trust, a regulated investment company, or a grantor trust;
 
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·
a person liable for alternative minimum tax;
 
 
·
a person that actually or constructively owns 10% or more of our voting stock;
 
 
·
a person who receives the H shares or ADSs as compensation for services;
 
 
·
certain U.S. expatriates;
 
 
·
a person that holds H shares or ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction; or
 
 
·
a person whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.
 
Moreover, this description does not address United States federal estate and gift taxes or any state or local tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the H shares or ADSs.
 
This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In addition, this section is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.
 
You are a U.S. holder if you are a beneficial owner of H shares or ADSs and you are:
 
 
·
an individual citizen or resident of the United States;
 
 
·
a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes created or organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof;
 
 
·
an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or
 
 
·
a trust
 
 
subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and the control of one or more United States persons; or
 
 
that has elected to be treated as a United States person under applicable United States Treasury regulations.
 
If a partnership (including any entity treated as a partnership for United States federal tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the H shares or ADSs, the treatment of the partner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If an investor is a partner in a partnership that holds H shares or ADSs, such investor should consult its tax advisor.
 
In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for United States federal income tax purposes, if you hold ADRs evidencing ADSs, you will be treated as the owner of the H shares represented by those ADRs. Exchanges of H shares for ADRs, and ADRs for H shares, generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
 
Taxation of Dividends
 
Subject to the discussions below under “-PFIC Rules,” the gross amount of any distribution (without reduction for any Chinese tax withheld) we make on the H shares or ADSs out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) will be includible in your gross income as ordinary dividend income when the distribution is actually or constructively received by you, or by the depositary in the case of ADSs. Distributions that exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to you to the extent of your basis in the H shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. We, however, may not calculate earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. tax principles.   In this case, all distributions by us to U.S. Holders will generally be treated as dividends.   Any dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from United States corporations. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the fair market value of such property on the date of such distribution.
 
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Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends received by an individual, trust or estate prior to January 1, 2011 with respect to the H shares or ADSs will be subject to taxation at a maximum rate of 15% if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Dividends paid on H shares or ADSs will be treated as qualified dividends if either (i) we are eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, has approved for the purposes of the qualified dividend rules, or (ii) the dividends are with respect to ADSs readily tradable on a U.S. securities market, provided that we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”). The Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (the “Treaty”) has been approved for the purposes of the qualified dividend rules, and we expect to qualify for benefits under the Treaty. We are considered a qualified foreign corporation with respect to the ADSs because our ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Finally, based on our audited financial statements and relevant market data, we believe that we did not satisfy the definition for PFIC status for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2007 taxable year. In addition, based on our audited financial statements and our current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, and relevant market data, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in our 2008 taxable year or any future year. However, our PFIC status in future years will depend on the composition of our income and assets (which for this purpose depends in part on the market value of the H shares or ADSs) in those years. See the discussion of the PFIC rules below.
 
The U.S. Treasury has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which holders of common stock and intermediaries through whom such stock is held will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends are treated as qualified dividends. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, it is not clear whether we will be able to comply with them. Holders of H shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisers regarding the availability of the reduced dividend tax rate in light of their own particular circumstances.
 
If we make a distribution paid in Hong Kong dollars (or other foreign currency), you will be considered to receive the U.S. dollar value of the distribution determined at the spot Hong Kong dollar (or such other foreign currency)/U.S. dollar rate on the date such distribution is received by you or by the depositary, regardless of whether you or the depositary convert the distribution into U.S. dollars. Any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in your income to the date you or the depositary convert the distribution into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss from U.S. sources.
 
Subject to various limitations, any Chinese tax withheld from distributions in accordance with the Treaty will be deductible or creditable against your United States federal income tax liability. Dividends paid by us generally will constitute income from sources outside the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes and will be categorized as “passive income” or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders as “general category income” for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
 
In the event we are required to withhold PRC income tax on dividends paid to U.S. Holders on the H Shares or ADSs (see discussion under “Taxation — China”), you may be able to claim a reduced 10% rate of PRC withholding tax if you are eligible for the benefits under the Treaty. You should consult your own tax advisor about the eligibility for reduction of PRC withholding tax.
 
You may not be able to claim a foreign tax credit (and instead may claim a deduction) for non-United States taxes imposed on dividends paid on the H Shares or ADSs if you (i) have held the H shares or ADSs for less than a specified minimum period during which you are not protected from risk of loss with respect to such shares, (ii) are obligated to make payments related to the dividends (for example, pursuant to a short sale) or (iii) hold the H shares or ADSs in an arrangement in which your expected economic return, after non-United States taxes, is insubstantial. The rules relating to the foreign tax credit are complex. You should consult your own tax advisors regarding the effect of these rules in your particular circumstances.
 
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Taxation of Capital Gains
 
Subject to the discussions below under “-PFIC Rules,” upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of the H shares or ADSs, you will generally recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized and your tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in such H shares or ADSs. Any gain or loss will generally be United States source gain or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes and as a result of the U.S. foreign tax credit limitation, foreign taxes, if any, imposed upon capital gains in respect of H shares or ADSs may not be currently creditable. Capital gain of certain non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, is generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15 percent where the property has been held more than one year. Your ability to deduct capital losses is subject to significant limitations.
 
If you are paid in a currency other than U.S. dollars, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date of the payment resulting from sale, exchange or other disposition is made to the date you convert the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as United States source ordinary income or loss.
 
PFIC Rules
 
In general, a foreign corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year in which, after applying relevant look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries:
 
 
·
75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income, such as dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the sale of assets that give rise to such income; or
 
 
·
50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income.
 
We believe that we will not meet either of the PFIC tests in the current or subsequent taxable years and therefore will not be treated as a PFIC for such periods. However, because the determination of the PFIC status is a factual determination that must be made at the close of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC in the current or subsequent taxable years.
 
If we were a PFIC in any taxable year that you held the H shares or ADSs, you generally would be subject to special rules with respect to “excess distributions” made by us on the H shares or ADSs and with respect to gain from your disposition of the H shares or ADSs. An “excess distribution” generally is defined as the excess of the distributions you receive with respect to the H shares or ADSs in any taxable year over 125% of the average annual distributions you have received from us during the shorter of the three preceding years, or your holding period for the H shares or ADSs. Generally, you would be required to allocate any excess distribution or gain from the disposition of the H shares or ADSs rateably over your holding period for the H shares or ADSs. The portion of the excess distribution or gain allocated to a prior taxable year, other than a year prior to the first year in which we became a PFIC, would be taxed at the highest United States federal income tax rate on ordinary income in effect for such taxable year, and you would be subject to an interest charge on the resulting tax liability, determined as if the tax liability had been due with respect to such particular taxable years. The portion of the excess distribution or gain that is not allocated to prior taxable years, together with the portion allocated to the years prior to the first year in which we became a PFIC, would be included in your gross income for the taxable year of the excess distribution or disposition and taxed as ordinary income.
 
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The foregoing rules with respect to excess distributions and dispositions may be avoided or reduced if you are eligible for and timely make a valid “mark-to-market” election. If your H shares or ADSs were treated as shares regularly traded on a “qualified exchange” for United States federal income tax purposes and a valid mark-to-market election was made, in calculating your taxable income for each taxable year you generally would be required to take into account as ordinary income or loss the difference, if any, between the fair market value and the adjusted tax basis of your H shares or ADSs at the end of your taxable year. However, the amount of loss you would be allowed is limited to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election. The New York Stock Exchange in which the ADSs will be traded is a qualified exchange for United States federal income tax purposes.
 
Alternatively, a timely election to treat us as a qualified electing fund under Section 1295 of the Code could be made to avoid the foregoing rules with respect to excess distributions and dispositions. You should be aware, however, that if we become a PFIC, we do not intend to satisfy record keeping requirements that would permit you to make a qualified electing fund election.
 
If you own the H shares or ADSs during any year that we are a PFIC, you must file IRS Form 8621. We encourage you to consult your own tax advisor concerning the United States federal income tax consequences of holding the H shares or ADSs that would arise if we were considered a PFIC.
 
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
 
In general, information reporting requirements will apply to dividends in respect of the H shares or ADSs or the proceeds of the sale, exchange, or redemption of the H shares or ADSs paid within the United States, and in some cases, outside of the United States, other than to various exempt recipients, including corporations. In addition, you may, under some circumstances, be subject to “backup withholding” with respect to dividends paid on the H shares or ADSs or the proceeds of any sale, exchange or transfer of the H shares or ADSs, unless you
 
 
·
are a corporation or fall within various other exempt categories, and, when required, demonstrate this fact; or
 
 
·
provide a correct taxpayer identification number on a properly completed IRS Form W-9 or a substitute form, certify that you are exempt from backup withholding and otherwise comply with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.
 
Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules generally will be creditable against your United States federal income tax liability provided that you furnish the required information to the IRS in a timely manner. If you do not provide a correct taxpayer identification number you may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS.
 
F.   Dividends and Paying Agents  
 
Not applicable.
 
G.   Statement by Experts  
 
Not applicable.
 
H.   Documents on Display  
 
You may read and copy documents referred to in this Annual Report on Form 20-F that have been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. The SEC also maintains a web site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.
 
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
 
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I.   Subsidiary Information
 
Not applicable.
 
J.   Comparison of NYSE Corporate Governance Rules and PRC Corporate Governance Rules for Listed Companies
 
Under the amended Corporate Governance Rules of NYSE, foreign issuers (including our Company) listed on the NYSE are required to disclose a summary of the significant differences between their domestic governance rules and NYSE corporate governance rules that would apply to a U.S. domestic issuer. We have posted a description of such differences under the section entitled “Report of Directors” of our 2007 Hong Kong Annual Report, which can be accessed through the following link on our website:
http://www.ce-air.com/upload/zh_CN/eastern/investor/finance/PDF1209446086066.pdf
 
Item 11.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
Our debts include both fixed-rate and variable-rate long-term loans and other loans. As a result, we are subject to the market risk of fluctuation of interest rates which may affect the estimated fair value of our debt liabilities or result in losses in cash flow. We use interest rate swaps to reduce risks related to changes in market interest rates. As of December 31, 2007, the notional amount of the outstanding interest rate swap agreements was approximately US$624 million. These interest rate swap agreements will expire between 2008 and 2016. The carrying amounts, the estimated fair value and the effect as a result of the change of the average interest rate on our long-term and other loans as of December 31, 2007 are set forth as follows:
 
   
RMB’000
 
       
Carrying amounts
   
14,674,826
 
Estimated fair value
   
14,111,199
 
Decrease in the estimated fair value resulting from an increase of the average interest rate by 1%
   
188,577
 
Increase in the estimated fair value resulting from a decrease of the average interest rate by 1%
   
207,115
 
 
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk  
 
Although we derive most of our income from China in Renminbi, our financial lease obligations as well as certain bank loans are denominated in U.S. dollars, Japanese yen, Euro or Renminbi. Pursuant to current foreign exchange regulations in China, we may retain our foreign currency earnings generated from ticket sales made in our overseas offices subject to the approval of SAFE. We use forward contracts to reduce risks related to changes in currency exchange rates in respect of ticket sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies. These currency forward contracts will expire between 2008 and 2010.
 
Pursuant to IFRS, our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are required to be translated into Renminbi at the year end at exchange rates announced by PBOC. Any fluctuation of the exchange rates between Renminbi and foreign currencies may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Following the measures introduced by the PRC Government in July 2005 to reform the Renminbi exchange rate regime, Renminbi has appreciated significantly against certain foreign currencies, including U.S. dollar and Japanese yen. The following table shows the effect on our profit and loss account as a result of the impact on our non-Renminbi denominated monetary assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2007 as a consequence of a fluctuation in value of the following major foreign currencies.
 
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Profit and Loss Account
Decrease/Increase by
RMB’000
 
       
U.S. dollar appreciates/ (depreciates) by 5%
   
1,555,851
 
         
Japanese yen appreciates/ (depreciates) by 5%
   
27,139
 
 
Item 12.   Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
 
Not applicable.
 
PART II  
 
Item 13.   Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
 
None.
 
Item 14.   Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds  
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 15.   Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures  
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of our President and Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of December 31, 2007, the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report. Our President and Chief Financial Officer , after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures , have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Form 20-F, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that material information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file and furnish under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) and have designed internal control over financial reporting or caused internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision in order to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, as applicable. Under the supervision and with the participation of our President and our Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 based upon the criteria in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007 in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 
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Due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
 
The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we identified the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting:
 
 
(i)
We did not maintain effective controls over the financial reporting process to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the preparation and review of our consolidated financial statements. Specifically, our Company did not have effective controls over the process for identifying, accumulating and reviewing all required supporting information, including the review of certain spreadsheets, to ensure the completeness and accuracy of our consolidated financial statements and disclosures, including the processes required to ensure complete and accurate recording and disclosure relating to deferred income tax accounting, the consolidated statement of cash flows, and certain property, plant and equipment disclosures. This control deficiency resulted in audit adjustments and additional disclosures to the 2006 consolidated financial statements.
 
 
(ii)
We did not maintain effective controls over the completeness and accuracy of our Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities and our related provision for income taxes account. Specifically, our Company did not maintain effective controls over the accuracy and completeness of the components of the income tax provision calculations and related deferred income taxes, and over the monitoring of the differences between the income tax basis and the financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities to effectively reconcile the differences to the reported deferred income tax balances. In addition, our Company did not maintain effective controls to ensure that the appropriate factors were used in estimating the valuation allowance for our deferred income tax assets. This control deficiency resulted in audit adjustments to income tax expense and deferred income tax asset and liability accounts in the 2006 annual consolidated financial statements.
 
During 2007, we implemented the following remediation measures to address the weaknesses described above:
 
 
(i)
We launched a risk management project and hired professional consultants to revise our risk management framework and refine our future plans for risk management.
 
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(ii)
We hired additional accounting personnel to increase the number of staff members familiar with IFRS accounting standards. We also improved our training programs for finance employees in relation to IFRS and the preparation of financial statements as well as enhanced our control over spreadsheets.
 
 
(iii)
We specifically assigned personnel to calculate our deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Moreover, we improved the training resources for our employees in relation to deferred tax calculation and related review and monitoring procedures.
 
As of December 31, 2007, our management determined that applicable controls were effectively designed and operating so as to enable our management to conclude that the material weaknesses described above have been remediated.
 
In addition to the remediation measures above which were designed to address specifically the material weaknesses we identified in 2006 , we made the following additional material changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Annual Report:
 
 
(i)
We established a complete set of procedures to track and control rotables , a type of re-usable component in our aircraft, that were subject to repair. In addition, we maintained a list of rotables under repair the value attributed to and summarized those being scrapped during the year. We also established procedures to ensure that our estimation and calculation of the value attributed to rotables are in compliance with both PRC GAAP and IFRS.
 
 
(ii)
We increased the use of electronic tickets (90% for domestic routes and 80% for international routes), which has improved our ability to reconcile the balances in the settlement system and the accounting system. On a monthly basis, we assigned employees in our Settlement Department to reconcile and analyze discrepancies between these balances.
 
 
(iii)
On a monthly basis, our Accounting Department analyzed and assessed the reasonableness of the provisions for fuel, food and beverage and take-off and landing expenses. We conducted an aging analysis of our provisions on a monthly basis and reconciled balances with our main suppliers on a semi-annual basis.
 
 
(iv)
In order to prevent fraud, our Accounting System Management Department disabled the function within our ORACLE system that previously allowed the same individual to both record and review accounting entries.
 
 
(v)
Our Information Technology Management Department has implemented technology management policies at our headquarters and all branches, which included the strengthening of the controls over access to information on our Company’s intranet.
 
Item 16A.   Audit Committee Financial Expert
 
Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Xie Rong, the chairman of our audit committee, is an independent financial expert serving on our audit committee.
 
Item 16B.   Code of Ethics
 
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Directors, supervisors, President, Chief Financial Officer and other senior managers of our Company. We have filed this code of ethics as Exhibit 11.1 to this Annual Report. Our code of ethics can also be found on our corporate website, http://www.ce-air.com/cea2/en_US/cea2_enUS_news_detail/0,15275,200,00.html?newsId=200 . A copy of our code of ethics will be provided to any person free of charge upon written request to Zhuping Luo, Secretary Office of the Board of Directors, Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited at 2550 Hongqiao Road, Hongqiao Airport, Shanghai 200335, the People’s Republic of China.
 
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Item 16C.   Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
The following table sets forth the aggregate audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees of our principal accountants and all other fees billed for products and services provided by our principal accountants other than the audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees for each of the two years ended December 31, 2007:
 
   
Audit Fees
 
Audit-Related Fees
 
Tax Fees
 
All Other Fees
 
   
(RMB)
 
(RMB)
 
(RMB)
 
(RMB)
 
                   
2006
   
20,000,000
   
0
   
120,000
   
0
 
2007
   
18,380,000
   
0
   
60,000
 
 
0
 
 
Before our principal accountants were engaged by our Company or our subsidiaries to render audit or non-audit services, the engagement was approved by our audit committee.
 
Audit Fees
 
Audit fees primarily consist of fees for the audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and services provided in connection with regulatory filings.
 
Audit-Related Fees
 
Audit-related fees primarily consist of fees for assurance and related services which are reasonably related to the performance of audit or review and generally include advisory services regarding specific regulatory filings and reporting procedures and other agreed-upon services related to accounting and billing records. No audit-related services were performed by Pricewaterhouse Coopers for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
 
Tax Fees
 
Tax fees primarily consist of fees for tax compliance services.
 
All Other Fees
 
No other services were performed by PricewaterhouseCoopers for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
 
Item 16D.   Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 16E.   Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
 
Not applicable.
 
PART III  
 
Item 17.   Financial Statements
 
We have elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.
 
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Item 18.   Financial Statements
 
Reference is made to pages F-1 to F-102.
 
Item 19.   Exhibits
 
(a)
See Item 18 for a list of the financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report.
 
(b)
Exhibits to this Annual Report:
 
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Exhibit Index
 
Exhibits
 
Description
     
1.1
 
Articles of Association as amended on June 29, 2007 (English translation).    
 
 
 
2.1
 
Specimen Certificate for the H Shares. (1)
 
 
 
2.2
 
Form of Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, The Bank of New York, as depositary, and Owners and Beneficial Owners from time to time of American Depositary Receipts. (2)
 
 
 
4.1
 
Office Space Lease Agreement between our Company and Eastern Air Group Company (together with English translation). (1)
 
 
 
4.10
 
Amendment No. 9 to the A320 Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 21, 2005, between our Company and Airbus SAS. (3) (5)
 
 
 
4.11
 
Assets Transfer Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2005, between our Company, CEA Holding, CEA Northwest and CEA Yunnan (English translation). (3)
 
 
 
4.12
 
Aircraft Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2005, between our Company and The Boeing Company. (4)   (5)
 
 
 
4.13
 
Aircraft Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2005, as amended by a supplemental agreement dated as of April 10, 2006, between our Company and The Boeing Company. (4)   (5)
 
 
 
4.14
 
Amendment No. 10 to the A320 Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 26, 2006, between our Company and Airbus SAS. (4)   (5)
 
 
 
4.15
 
Aircraft Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2008, between our Company and The Boeing Company. (5)
     
8.1
 
List of Subsidiaries (as of June 18, 2008).
 
 
 
11.1
 
Code of Ethics (English translation).
 
 
 
12.1
 
Certification of President pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
 
 
 
12.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
 
 
 
13.1
 
Certification of President pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b).
 
 
 
13.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b).
 
(1)
Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-6260), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 9, 1997.
 
 
(2)
Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-6284), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to American Depositary Shares representing our H Shares.
   
(3)
Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14550), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 24, 2005.
   
(4)
Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14550), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2006.
   
(5)
Portions of this document have been omitted pursuant to a confidential treatment request, and the full, unredacted document has been separately submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission with a confidential treatment request.
 
83

 
SIGNATURES  
 
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED
 
 
By:
/s/ Li Fenghua
 
Name: Li Fenghua
 
Title: Chairman of the Board of Directors
 
Date: June 24, 2008
 
84

 

CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED

DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
 

 
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
 
Page
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
F-1
Consolidated Income Statements for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007
 
F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007
 
F-3
Consolidated Cash flow Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007
 
F-5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007
 
F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
F-8



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of changes in equity and of cash flows (“consolidated financial statements”) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”) at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits which were integrated audits in 2007 and 2006. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 

PricewaterhouseCoopers
Certified Public Accountants
Hong Kong, June 24, 2008
 
F-1


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
(Amounts in thousands except for per share data)

       
Year ended December 31,
 
       
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
Note
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Revenues
   
5
   
27,454,443
   
37,634,132
   
42,521,226
 
Other operating income, net
   
6
   
245,279
   
424,265
   
604,713
 
Operating expenses
                            
Aircraft fuel
         
(8,888,873
)
 
(13,608,793
)
 
(15,117,147
)
Take-off and landing charges
         
(3,718,846
)
 
(4,989,382
)
 
(5,174,183
)
Depreciation and amortization
         
(3,936,941
)
 
(4,597,178
)
 
(4,811,916
)
Wages, salaries and benefits
   
8
   
(2,388,837
)
 
(3,538,082
)
 
(4,327,397
)
Aircraft maintenance
         
(1,383,989
)
 
(2,647,340
)
 
(2,392,039
)
Food and beverages
         
(976,787
)
 
(1,188,016
)
 
(1,235,578
)
Aircraft operating lease rentals
         
(1,785,615
)
 
(2,954,751
)
 
(2,850,873
)
Other operating lease rentals
         
(212,027
)
 
(276,715
)
 
(292,844
)
Selling and marketing expenses
         
(1,261,999
)
 
(1,734,987
)
 
(1,805,342
)
Civil aviation infrastructure levies
         
(466,191
)
 
(696,428
)
 
(781,613
)
Ground services and other charges
         
(115,516
)
 
(162,104
)
 
(224,466
)
Office, administrative and other expenses
         
(2,549,853
)
 
(3,620,718
)
 
(3,943,083
)
Deficits on revaluation/impairment loss
   
17,37
   
-
   
(1,035,343
)
 
(130,921
)
Total operating expenses
         
(27,685,474
)
 
(41,049,837
)
 
(43,087,402
)
Operating profit/(loss)
   
9
   
14,248
   
(2,991,440
)
 
38,537
 
Finance income
   
10
   
543,340
   
1,008,563
   
2,119,881
 
Finance costs
   
11
   
(1,121,690
)
 
(1,765,981
)
 
(1,978,550
)
Share of results of associates
   
20
   
(9,030
)
 
103,566
   
58,312
 
Share of results of jointly controlled entities
   
21
   
(4,300
)
 
29,595
   
30,086
 
Profit/(loss) before income tax
         
(577,432
)
 
(3,615,697
)
 
268,266
 
Taxation
   
12(a )
 
 
138,704
   
162,932
   
(23,763
)
Profit/(loss) for the year
         
(438,728
)
 
(3,452,765
)
 
244,503
 
Attributable to:
                         
Equity holders of the Company
         
(467,307
)
 
(3,313,425
)
 
268,896
 
Minority interests
         
28,579
   
(139,340
)
 
(24,393
)
           
(438,728
)
 
(3,452,765
)
 
244,503
 
Earning/(loss) per share attributable to the equity holders of the Company during the year
                         
– basic and diluted
   
15
   
RMB(0.10
)
 
RMB (0.68
)
 
RMB 0.06
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-2


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2007
(Amounts in thousands)

       
December 31,
 
       
2006
 
2007
 
   
Note
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Non-current assets
             
               
Intangible assets
   
16
   
1,337,554
   
1,244,706
 
Property, plant and equipment
   
17
   
40,050,466
   
47,548,204
 
Lease prepayments
   
18
   
1,054,362
   
967,497
 
Advanced payments on acquisition of aircraft
   
19
   
7,668,708
   
6,695,573
 
Investments in associates
   
20
   
623,390
   
601,119
 
Investments in jointly controlled entities
   
21
   
115,540
   
336,966
 
Available-for-sale financial assets
   
 
   
47,554
   
53,236
 
Other long-term assets
   
22
   
1,099,265
   
660,751
 
Deferred tax assets
   
12
   
82,146
   
113,211
 
Derivative assets
   
34
   
73,269
   
6,077
 
           
52,152,254
   
58,227,340
 
Current assets
                   
                     
Flight equipment spare parts
         
1,198,642
   
1,124,936
 
Trade receivables and notes receivable
   
23
   
1,719,782
   
2,096,007
 
Amounts due from related companies
   
40
   
352,719
   
65,455
 
Prepayments, deposits and other receivables
   
24
   
2,759,065
   
2,555,649
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
25
   
1,987,486
   
1,655,244
 
Derivative assets
   
34
   
113,532
   
89,470
 
Non-current assets held for sale
   
37
   
882,426
   
2,262,058
 
           
9,013,652
   
9,848,819
 
Current liabilities
                   
                       
Sales in advance of carriage
         
891,659
   
1,211,209
 
Trade payables and notes payable
   
26
   
5,026,764
   
3,137,880
 
Amounts due to related companies
   
40
   
348,477
   
671,593
 
Other payables and accrued expenses
   
27
   
7,873,603
   
9,624,491
 
Current portion of obligations under finance leases
   
28
   
2,803,956
   
2,545,223
 
Current portion of borrowings
   
29
   
16,016,327
   
18,494,521
 
Income tax payable
         
80,483
   
90,867
 
Current portion of provision for aircraft overhaul expenses
   
30
   
20,900
   
-
 
Derivative liabilities
   
34
   
124,722
   
20,238
 
Liabilities directly associated with non-current assets held for sale
   
37
   
442,935
   
127,239
 
           
33,629,826
   
35,923,261
 
Net current liabilities
         
(24,616,174
)
 
(26,074,442
)
Total assets less current liabilities
         
27,536,080
   
32,152,898
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-3


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2007
(Amounts in thousands)

       
December 31,
 
       
2006
 
2007
 
   
Note
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Non-current liabilities
             
               
Obligations under finance leases
   
28
   
9,048,642
   
13,906,987
 
Borrowings
   
29
   
12,091,413
   
11,369,307
 
Provision for aircraft overhaul expenses
   
30
   
489,721
   
956,910
 
Other long-term liabilities
   
31
   
614,655
   
864,336
 
Deferred tax liabilities
   
12
   
68,459
   
50,369
 
Post-retirement benefit obligations
   
32(b )
 
 
1,292,960
   
1,370,702
 
Long-term portion of staff housing allowance
   
33(b )
 
 
439,491
   
-
 
Derivative liabilities
   
34
   
14,096
   
21,558
 
           
24,059,437
   
28,540,169
 
Net assets
         
3,476,643
   
3,612,729
 
                     
Equity
                   
Capital and reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company
                   
                     
Share capital
   
35
   
4,866,950
   
4,866,950
 
Reserves
   
36
   
(2,052,053
)
 
(1,839,187
)
           
2,814,897
   
3,027,763
 
Minority interests
         
661,746
   
584,966
 
Total equity
         
3,476,643
   
3,612,729
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements .
 
F-4


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
(Amounts in thousands)

       
Year ended December 31,
 
       
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
Note
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Cash flows from operating activities
                 
Cash generated from operations
   
38(a )
 
 
3,369,783
   
3,458,510
   
4,998,034
 
Interest paid
         
(1,357,402
)
 
(2,097,077
)
 
(2,240,721
)
Income tax paid
         
(59,932
)
 
(22,740
)
 
(62,549
)
Net cash inflow from operating activities
         
1,952,449
   
1,338,693
   
2,694,764
 
                           
Cash flows from investing activities
                         
                              
Additions of property, plant and equipment
         
(2,676,050
)
 
(879,756
)
 
(1,592,310
)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
         
32,923
   
328,419
   
70,681
 
Acquisition of land use rights
         
(31,780
)
 
(37,158
)
 
-
 
Acquisition of available-for-sale financial assets
         
(1,256
)
 
(6,751
)
 
-
 
Advanced payments on acquisition of aircraft
         
(7,751,197
)
 
(4,560,694
)
 
(3,737,079
)
Refund of advanced payments upon delivery of aircraft
         
-
   
3,744,513
   
3,064,580
 
Repayment of other payables  (instalment payment for acquisition of an airline business)
         
(30,000
)
 
(30,000
)
 
(30,000
)
Interest received
         
128,700
   
120,161
   
96,849
 
Dividend received
         
-
   
8,617
   
22,367
 
Acquisitions of controlling interests in associates, net of cash outflow
   
38(d)
 
 
(40,704
)
 
(366,529
)
 
-
 
Capital injection in jointly controlled entity
         
-
   
-
   
(92,416
)
Proceeds from disposal of interest in a subsidiary
   
38(c)
 
 
-
   
-
   
441,002
 
Decrease in bank deposits
         
270
   
-
   
-
 
Net cash outflow from investing activities
         
(10,369,094
)
 
(1,679,178
)
 
(1,756,326
)

Notes to consolidated cash flow statements is set out in Note 38 to the financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
(Amounts in thousands)

       
Year ended December 31,
 
       
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
Note
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Cash flows from financing activities
                 
Proceeds from draw down of short-term bank loans
         
14,307,315
   
14,748,954
   
18,464,695
 
Repayments of short-term bank loans
         
(8,872,754
)
 
(15,133,553
)
 
(16,020,304
)
Proceeds from draw down of long-term bank loans
         
5,135,286
   
6,909,927
   
3,383,349
 
Repayments of long-term bank loans
         
(3,843,483
)
 
(4,179,412
)
 
(2,985,480
)
Principal repayments of finance lease obligations
         
(1,157,334
)
 
(2,539,995
)
 
(2,974,718
)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable
         
4,228,783
   
7,696,014
   
4,351,121
 
Repayments of notes payable
         
(3,376,072
)
 
(6,014,279
)
 
(6,206,321
)
Repayment of debentures
         
-
   
(2,000,000
)
 
-
 
Refund of deposits for finance leases upon maturities
         
-
   
1,046,732
   
779,646
 
2004 dividend paid
         
(97,339
)
 
(60,000
)
 
-
 
Dividends paid to minority shareholders of subsidiaries
         
(90,000
)
 
(53,550
)
 
(46,400
)
Proceeds from issuance of debentures
         
1,951,600
   
-
   
-
 
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities
         
8,186,002
   
420,838
   
(1,254,412
)
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
         
(230,643
)
 
80,353
   
(315,974
)
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1
         
2,114,447
   
1,864,001
   
1,987,486
 
Exchange adjustments
         
(19,803
)
 
43,132
   
(16,268
)
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31
         
1,864,001
   
1,987,486
   
1,655,244
 

Notes to consolidated cash flow statements is set out in Note 38 to the financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-6


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
(Amounts in thousands)

   
Attributable to equity
holders of the Company
             
   
Share
capital
 
Other
reserves
 
Accumulated losses
 
Subtotal
 
Minority
interests
 
Total
equity
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000 
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                           
Balance at January 1, 2005
   
4,866,950
   
1,189,867
   
466,768
   
6,523,585
   
820,835
   
7,344,420
 
Cash flow hedges, net of tax
   
-
   
136,587
   
-
   
136,587
   
-
   
136,587
 
Dividend relating to 2004
   
-
   
(97,339
)
 
-
   
(97,339
)
 
-
   
(97,339
)
Dividend paid to minority interest in subsidiaries
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(90,000
)
 
(90,000
)
Loss for the year
   
-
   
-
   
(467,307
)
 
(467,307
)
 
28,579
   
(438,728
)
Contribution from minority interest in subsidiaries
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
63,063
   
63,063
 
Balance at December 31, 2005
   
4,866,950
   
1,229,115
   
(539
)
 
6,095,526
   
822,477
   
6,918,003
 
                                       
Balance at January 1, 2006
   
4,866,950
   
1,229,115
   
(539
)
 
6,095,526
   
822,477
   
6,918,003
 
Cash flow hedges, net of tax
   
-
   
8,441
   
-
   
8,441
   
-
   
8,441
 
Revaluation reserve, net of tax, arising from the acquisition of a controlling interest in an associate
   
-
   
24,355
   
-
   
24,355
   
-
   
24,355
 
Dividend paid to minority interests in subsidiaries
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(42,892
)
 
(42,892
)
Loss for the year
   
-
   
-
   
(3,313,425
)
 
(3,313,425
)
 
(139,340
)
 
(3,452,765
)
Additions through acquisitions of subsidiaries
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
21,501
   
21,501
 
Transfer to other reserve
   
-
   
20,966
   
(20,966
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
 
Balance at December 31, 2006
   
4,866,950
   
1,282,877
   
(3,334,930
)
 
2,814,897
   
661,746
   
3,476,643
 
                                       
Balance at January 1, 2007
   
4,866,950
   
1,282,877
   
(3,334,930
)
 
2,814,897
   
661,746
   
3,476,643
 
Cash flow hedges, net of tax
         
(78,197
)
 
-
   
(78,197
)
 
-
   
(78,197
)
Dividend paid to minority interest in subsidiaries
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(46,400
)
 
(46,400
)
Profit for the year
   
-
   
-
   
268,896
   
268,896
   
(24,393
)
 
244,503
 
Revaluation of available for sale investments in associates
   
-
   
22,167
   
-
   
22,167
   
-
   
22,167
 
Disposal of a subsidiary
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(5,987
)
 
(5,987
)
Adjustment to statutory and discretionary reserves
(Note 36)
   
-
   
(428,808
)
 
428,808
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
4,866,950
   
798,039
   
(2,637,226
)
 
3,027,763
   
584,966
   
3,612,729
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statement

F-7


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.
CORPORATE INFORMATION

China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (the “Company”), a joint stock company limited by shares was incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on April 14, 1995. The address of its registered office is 66 Airport Street, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai, the PRC. The Company and its subsidiaries (together, the “Group”) are principally engaged in the operation of civil aviation, including the provision of passenger, cargo, and mail delivery and other extended transportation services.

The Company is majority owned by China Eastern Air Holding Company (“CEA Holding”), a state-owned enterprise incorporated in the PRC.

The Company’s shares are traded on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, The New York Stock Exchange and The Shanghai Stock Exchange.

These consolidated financial statements have been approved for issue by the Board of Directors on April 14, 2008.

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

(a)
Basis of preparation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of property, plant and equipment, available-for-sale financial assets, financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) at fair value through profit or loss.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements, are disclosed in Note 4.

The Group’s accumulated losses were approximately RMB2,637million as at December 31, 2007 and its current liabilities exceeded its current assets by approximately RMB26,074million. Based on the Group’s history of obtaining finance, its relationships with its bankers, banking facilities available and net operating cash inflow, the Board of Directors consider that the Group will be able to obtain sufficient financing to enable it to operate and meet its liabilities as and when they fall due. Accordingly, it is appropriate that these consolidated financial statements should be prepared on a going concern basis and they do not include any adjustments that would be required should the Company and the Group fail to continue as a going concern.
 
F-8


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(a)
Basis of preparation (continued)

(i)
Standards, amendment and interpretations effective in 2007

 
§
IFRS 7, 'Financial instruments: Disclosures', and the complementary amendment to IAS 1, 'Presentation of financial statements – Capital disclosures', introduces new disclosures relating to financial instruments.

(ii)
Standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that are not yet effective and relevant for the Group’s operations

The following standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards have been published and are mandatory for the Group’s accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008 or later periods, but the Group has not early adopted them:

 
§
IFRIC 13, 'Customer loyalty programmes' (effective from July 1, 2008). IFRIC 13 clarifies that where goods or services are sold together with a customer loyalty incentive (for example, loyalty points or free products), the arrangement is a multiple-element arrangement and the consideration receivable from the customer is allocated between the components of the arrangement using fair values. The Group will apply IFRIC 13 from January 1, 2009. The expected impact is still being assessed in detail by management.

 
§
IFRIC 14, 'IAS 19 – The limit on a defined benefit asset, minimum funding requirements and their interaction' (effective from January 1, 2008). IFRIC 14 provides guidance on assessing the limit in IAS 19 on the amount of the surplus that can be recognized as an asset. It also explains how the pension asset or liability may be affected by a statutory or contractual minimum funding requirement. The Group will apply IFRIC 14 from January 1, 2008, but it is not expected to have any impact on the Group’s accounts.

 
§
IAS 1 (Revised), “Presentation of Financial Statements” (effective from January 1, 2009). IAS 1 (Revised) requires all owner changes in equity to be presented in a statement of changes in equity. All comprehensive income is presented in one statement of comprehensive income or in two statements (a separate income statement and a statement of comprehensive income). It requires presenting a statement of financial position as at the beginning of the earliest comparative period in a complete set of financial statements when there are retrospective adjustments or reclassification adjustments. However, it does not change the recognition, measurement or disclosure of specific transactions and other events required by other IFRSs. The Group will apply IAS 1 (Revised) from January 1, 2009.
 
F-9


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(a)
Basis of preparation (continued)

(ii)
Standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that are not yet effective and relevant for the Group’s operations (continued)

 
§
IFRS 8, 'Operating segments ' (effective from January 1, 2009). IFRS replaces IAS 14 and aligns segment reporting with the requirements of the US standard SFAS 131, ‘Disclosures about segments of an enterprise and related information’. The new standard requires a 'management approach', under which segment information is presented on the same basis as that used for internal reporting purposes. The Group will apply IFRS 8 from January 1, 2009, but it is not expected to have any impact on the Group’s financial statements.

 
§
IAS 27 (Revised) “Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements” (effective from annual period beginning on or after July 1, 2009). The amendment requires non-controlling interests (i.e. minority interests) to be presented in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity, separately from the equity of the owners of the parent. Total comprehensive income must be attributed to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. Changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in the loss of control are accounted for within equity. When control of a subsidiary is lost, the assets and liabilities and related equity components of the former subsidiary are derecognized. Any gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. Any investment retained in the former subsidiary is measured at its fair value at the date when control is lost. The Group will apply IAS 27 (Revised) from January 1, 2010.

 
§
IFRS 3 (Revised) “Business Combinations” (effective for business combinations with acquisition date on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after July 1, 2009). The amendment may bring more transactions into acquisition accounting as combinations by contract alone and combinations of mutual entities are brought into the scope of the standard and the definition of a business has been amended slightly. It now states that the elements are ‘capable of being conducted’ rather than ‘are conducted and managed’. It requires considerations (including contingent consideration), each identifiable asset and liability to be measured at its acquisition-date fair value, except leases and insurance contracts, reacquired right, indemnification assets as well as some assets and liabilities required to be measured in accordance with other IFRSs. They are income taxes, employee benefits, share-based payment and non current assets held for sale and discontinued operations. Any non-controlling interest in an acquiree is measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s net identifiable assets. The Group will apply IFRS 3 (Revised) from January 1, 2010.
 
F-10


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(b)
Revised accounting estimates and change of accounting policy

(i)
Treatments on aircraft and engine overhaul costs

During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group reviewed the way it accounts for certain aircraft maintenance activities and decided to change its accounting policy with respect to the cost of major overhauls of airframes and engines held under operating leases. The review of the Group’s accounting policy was, in part, initiated in response to recent changes in generally accepted accounting practice in the United States which have eliminated the use of the accrual method for overhauls.

Previously, the Group accrued for the cost of periodic major overhauls of airframes over the period between overhauls based on flying hours but only accrued for certain return condition checks for engines based on the specific terms of operating lease agreements. The Group has now adopted a new policy under which the periodic cost of major overhauls of both airframes and engines is expensed as incurred and accrual is made for the estimated cost of return condition checks (for both airframes and engines) on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease. The Group determined that its new policy for accounting of overhauls for aircraft under operating leases is more relevant and appropriate in the context of the significant growth in the size of the Group’s fleet. The new policy is consistent with similar policies adopted by many other large international airlines with mature fleets. The impact of the change in accounting policy for airframes is immaterial to the amounts reported in prior years. If the adjustments had been applied retrospectively, the impact would have been to decrease aircraft maintenance expense and loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 by RMB 78 million (2005: increase aircraft maintenance expense and loss for the year by RMB 26 million).

As part of the Group’s review of its accounting for overhaul costs, inconsistencies were identified in (1) the way that the Group’s previous policies had been applied to certain individual engines based on interpretation of their lease contracts; and (2) the accounting for maintenance costs under certain “Power by hour” contracts where maintenance contractors receive agreed payments based on the number of operating hours for the engine. The net effect of the necessary adjustments, if they had been applied retrospectively, would have been to increase aircraft maintenance expense and loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 by RMB 33 million (2005: decrease aircraft maintenance expense and loss for the year by RMB 35 million). The impact of these corrections is immaterial to the amounts reported in prior years.
 
F-11


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(b)
Revised accounting estimates and change of accounting policy (continued)

(i)
Treatments on aircraft and engine overhaul costs (continued)

The aggregate impact of the application of the change in accounting policy and the correction of the inconsistencies referred to above is immaterial to both the 2007 and prior year financial statements and all changes have been recognized in the current year. The cumulative impact of the new policy and the corrections was an increase of RMB 31 million in net assets and profit as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007.

(ii)
Change in useful life of flight equipment

The Group has changed the estimated useful life of flight equipment. Previously, flight equipment was depreciated over 20 years plus an annual provision of 7% for scrapped items. The economic useful life of flight equipment has been reviewed and is now depreciated over 10 years with no annual provision for scrapped items with effect from January 1, 2007. Management considers the new treatment more accurately reflects past experience and is consistent with industry practice. The change in estimate has resulted in a decreased depreciation charge of RMB44 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

(iii)
Change in depreciation method for components related to engine overhaul

The Group has changed the depreciation method applied to components related to engine overhauls. Previously, components related to engine overhauls were depreciated on a straight-line basis over 2 to 8 years. The economic useful life of components related to engine overhauls has been reviewed and is now depreciated between each overhaul period using the ratio of actual flying hours and estimated flying hours between overhauls. Management considers the new policy better reflects the pattern in which the component’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the entity. The change in estimate has resulted in a decreased depreciation charge of RMB109 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
F-12


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(c)
Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and all of its subsidiaries made up to December 31.

(i)
Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all entities (including special purpose entities) over which the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity.

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group, including those acquired from holding companies. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interest.

The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement.

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
 
F-13


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(c)
Consolidation (continued)

(ii)
Transactions with minority interests

The Group applies a policy of treating transactions with minority interests as transactions with parties external to the Group. Disposals to minority interests result in gains and losses for the Group that are recorded in the income statement. Purchases from minority interests result in goodwill, being the difference between any consideration paid and the relevant share acquired of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary.

(iii)
Associates

Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are initially recognized at cost. The Group’s investments in associates includes goodwill (net of any accumulated impairment loss) identified on acquisition.

The Group’s share of its associates’ post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in the income statement, and its share of post-acquisition movements in reserves is recognized in reserves. The cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

Unrealized gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the associates. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

Dilution gains and losses in associates are recognized in the consolidated income statement.

A listing of Group’s principal associates is set out in Note 20.
 
F-14


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(c)
Consolidation (continued)

(iv)
Jointly controlled entities

A jointly controlled entity is an entity in which the Group has joint control over its economic activity established under a contractual arrangement. The Group’s investments in jointly controlled entities includes goodwill (net of any accumulated impairment loss) identified on acquisition.

The Group’s interests in jointly controlled entities are accounted for by the equity method of accounting based on the audited financial statements or management accounts of the jointly controlled entities. The Group’s share of its jointly controlled entities’ post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in the income statement, and its share of post-acquisition movements is adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in a jointly controlled entity equals or exceeds its interest in that entity, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the jointly controlled entity.

The Group recognizes the portion of gains or losses on the sale of assets by the Group to the joint venture that it is attributable to the other venturers. The Group does not recognize its share of profits or losses from the joint venture that result from the Group’s purchase of assets from the joint venture until it resells the assets to an independent party. However, a loss on the transaction is recognized immediately if the loss provides evidence of a reduction in the net realizable value of current assets, or an impairment loss.

A listing of Group’s principal jointly controlled entities is set out in Note 21.

(d)
Segmental reporting
 
A business segment is a group of assets and operations engaged in providing products or services that are subject to risks and returns that are different from those of other business segments. A geographical segment is engaged in providing products or services within a particular economic environment that are subject to risks and returns that are different from those of segments operating in other economic environments.
 
F-15


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(e)
Foreign currency translation

(i)
Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.

(ii)
Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the income statement, except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges or qualifying net investment hedges.

(f)
Revenue recognition and sales in advance of carriage

Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and the provision of services in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities. Revenue is shown net of business and value-added taxes, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the Group.

The Group recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the Group’s activities as described below. The amount of revenue is not considered to be reliably measurable until all contingencies relating to the sale have been resolved. The Group bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

(i)
Traffic revenues

Passenger, cargo and mail revenues are recognized as traffic revenues when the transportation services are provided. The value of sold but unused tickets is recognized as sales in advance of carriage (“SIAC”).

(ii)
Commission income

Commission income represents amounts earned from other carriers in respect of sales made by the Group’s agents on their behalf, and is recognized in the income statement upon ticket sales.

(iii)
Other revenue

Revenues from other operating businesses, including income derived from the provision of ground services and cargo handling services, are recognized when the services are rendered.

Rental income from subleases of aircraft is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Rental income from leasing office premises and cargo warehouses is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
F-16


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(g)
Government grants

Grants from the Government are recognized at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Group will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants relating to costs are deferred and recognized in the income statement over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate.

Government grants relating to property, plant and equipment are included in non-current liabilities as deferred government grants and are credited to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets.

(h)
Maintenance and overhaul costs

In respect of aircraft and engines under operating leases, the Group has the responsibility to fulfill certain return conditions under the leases. As the Group has obligation to fulfill these return conditions, provision for these return condition checks is made on a straight line basis over the term of the leases.

In respect of aircraft and engines owned by the Group or held under finance leases, overhauls costs are capitalised as a component of property, plant and equipment and are depreciated over the appropriate maintenance cycles (Note 2(m)).

All other repairs and maintenance costs are charged to the income statement as and when incurred.

(i)
Interest income

Interest income is recognized on a time-proportion basis using the effective interest method. When a receivable is impaired, the Group reduces the carrying amount to its recoverable amount, being the estimated future cash flow discounted at the original effective interest rate of the instrument, and continues unwinding the discount as interest income. Interest income on impaired loans is recognized using the original effective interest rate.

(j)
Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the construction of any qualifying asset, including the interest attributable to loans for advance payments used to finance the acquisition of aircraft, are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are expensed.
 
F-17


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(k)
Current and deferred tax

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the jurisdictions where the Company and its subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However, deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

(l)
Intangible assets

(i)
Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the net identifiable assets of the acquired subsidiary, associate or jointly controlled entity at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is included in ‘intangible assets’. Goodwill on acquisition of associates and jointly controlled entities is included in ‘investments in associates’ and ‘investments in jointly controlled entities’ and is tested for impairment as part of the overall balances. Separately recognized goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose.
 
F-18


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(l)
Intangible assets (continued)

(ii)
Sponsorship fees

Sponsorship fees paid and payable in relation to the 2010 Shanghai Expo have been capitalised and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of the sponsorship program. The cost of the intangible asset is calculated based on the expected cash payment and the fair value of the services to be provided.

(iii)
Computer software costs

Acquired computer software licenses are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. These costs are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of 5 to 6 years. Costs associated with developing or maintaining computer software programmes are recognized as expense when incurred.

(m)
Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is recognized initially at cost which comprises purchase price, and any directly attributable costs of bringing the assets to the condition for their intended use.

Subsequent to initial recognition, property, plant and equipment is stated at fair value, based on periodic, but at least once every five years, valuations by external independent valuers, less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. In the intervening years, the Directors review the carrying values of property, plant and equipment and adjustment is made where they are materially different from fair value. Any accumulated depreciation at the date of revaluation is eliminated against the gross carrying amount of the asset and the net amount is restated to the revalued amount of the asset. Increases in the carrying amount arising on revaluation are credited to the revaluation reserve in shareholders’ equity. Decreases that offset previous increases relating to the same asset are charged against the revaluation reserve directly in shareholders’ equity; all other decreases are charged to the income statement.

Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, the cost of that item is allocated on a reasonable basis among the parts and each part is depreciated separately.

When each major aircraft overhaul is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the appropriate maintenance cycles. Components related to airframe overhaul cost, are depreciated on a straight-line basis over 2 to 8 years. Components related to engine overhaul costs, are depreciated between each overhaul period using the ratio of actual flying hours and estimated flying hours between overhauls. Upon completion of an overhaul, any remaining carrying amount of the cost of the previous overhaul is derecognized and charged to the income statement.
 
F-19


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(m)
Property, plant and equipment (continued)
 
Except for components related to overhaul costs, depreciation method of which has been described in the proceeding paragraph, other depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to write down their costs or revalued amounts to their residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows:
 
Aircraft, engines and flight equipment  
10 to 20 years
Buildings
15 to 35 years
Other property, plant and equipment
5 to 20 years

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount (Note 2(n)).

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the assets’ carrying amount and are recognized within office, administrative and other expenses, in the income statement. When revalued assets are sold, the amounts included in the revaluation reserve are transferred to retained profits.

Construction in progress represents buildings under construction and plant and equipment, being mainly flight simulators, pending instalation. This includes the costs of construction or acquisition and interest capitalised. No depreciation is provided on construction in progress until the asset is completed and ready for use.

(n)
Impairment of investments in subsidiaries, associates, jointly controlled entities and non-financial assets

Assets that have an indefinite useful life or which are not yet available for use are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for impairment. Other assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that have suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each balance sheet date.
 
F-20


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(o)
Lease prepayments

Lease prepayments represent acquisition costs of land use rights less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided over the lease period of the land use rights on a straight-line basis.

(p)
Advanced payments on acquisition of aircraft

Advanced payments on acquisition of aircraft represent payments to aircraft manufacturers to secure deliveries of aircraft in future years, including attributable finance costs, and are included in non-current assets. The balance is transferred to property, plant and equipment upon delivery of the aircraft.

(q)
Flight equipment spare parts

Flight equipment spare parts are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. The cost of flight equipment spare parts comprises the purchase price (net of discounts), freight charges, duty and value added tax and other miscellaneous charges. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of the flight equipment in the ordinary course of business, less applicable selling expenses.

(r)
Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and default or delinquency in payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable is impaired. The amount of the provision is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the assets is reduced through the use of an allowance account, and the amount of the loss is recognized in the income statement. When a trade receivable is uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account for trade receivables. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited in the income statement.

(s)
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
 
F-21


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(t)
Borrowings

Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any differences between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.

(u)
Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount can be reliably estimated.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognized even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognized as interest expense.
 
F-22


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(v)
Leases

(i)
A Group company is the lessee

Finance leases
The Group leases certain property, plant and equipment. Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group has acquired substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the lease’s commencement at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments.

Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance charges so as to achieve a constant rate on the finance balance outstanding. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in other short-term and other long-term payables. The interest element of the finance cost is charged to the income statement over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. Leased assets are depreciated using a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives to residual values.

For sale and leaseback transactions resulting in a finance lease, differences between sales proceeds and net book values are deferred and amortized over the minimum lease terms.

Operating leases
Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

For sale and leaseback transactions resulting in an operating lease, differences between sales proceeds and net book values are recognized immediately in the income statement, except to the extent that any profit or loss is compensated for by future lease payments at above or below market value.

(ii)
A Group company is the lessor

Assets leased out under operating leases are included in property, plant and equipment in the balance sheet. They are depreciated over their expected useful lives on a basis consistent with similar property, plant and equipment. Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
F-23


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(w)
Retirement benefits

The Group participates in defined contribution retirement schemes regarding pension and medical benefits for employees organised by the municipal governments of the relevant provinces. The contributions to the schemes are charged to the income statement as and when incurred.

In addition, the Group provides retirees with post-retirement benefits including retirement subsidies, transportation subsidies, social function activity subsidies as well as other welfare. The liability recognized in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets, together with adjustments for unrecognized actuarial gains or losses and past service costs. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of government bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension liability. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions in excess of the greater of 10% of the value of plan assets or 10% of the defined benefit obligation are charged or credited to income over the employees’ expected average remaining working lives.

Past-service costs are recognized immediately in income, unless the changes to the pension plan are conditional on the employees remaining in service for a specified period of time (the vesting period). In this case, the past-service costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
 
F-24


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(x)
Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments are initially recognized in the balance sheet at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at their fair value. The accounting for subsequent changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

The Group documents, at the inception of the transaction, the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Group also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.

Derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are accounted for as trading instruments and any unrealized gains or losses, being changes in fair value of the derivatives, are recognized in the income statement immediately.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges and that are highly effective, are recorded in the income statement, along with any changes in the fair value of the hedged assets or liabilities that are attributable to the hedged risk.

Derivative financial instruments that qualify for hedge accounting and which are designated as a specific hedge of the variability in cashflows of a highly probable forecast transaction, are accounted for as follows:

(i)
the effective portion of any change in fair value of the derivative financial instrument is recognized directly in equity. Where the forecast transaction or firm commitment results in the recognition of an asset or a liability, the gains and losses previously deferred in equity are included in the initial measurement of the cost of the asset or liability. Otherwise, the cumulative gain or loss on the derivative financial instrument is removed from equity and recognized in the income statement in the same period during which the hedged forecast transaction affects net profit or loss.

(ii)
the ineffective portion of any change in fair value is recognized in the income statement immediately.

When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized in the income statement when the committed or forecast transaction ultimately occurs. When a committed or forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was recorded in equity is immediately transferred to the income statement.
 
F-25


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

(y)
Available-for-sale financial assets

Investments in securities other than subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities, being held for non-trading purposes, are classified as available-for-sale financial assets and are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs. At each balance sheet date, the fair value is remeasured, with any resulting gain or loss being recognized directly in equity, except for impairment losses. When these investments are derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized directly in equity is recognized in the income statement.

The Group assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset is impaired. In the case of equity securities classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the securities below its cost is considered an indicator that the securities are impaired. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale financial assets, the cumulative loss, measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognized in the income statement, is removed from equity and recognized in the income statement. Impairment losses recognized in the income statement on equity instruments are not reversed through the income statement.

(z)
Dividend distribution

Dividend distribution to the Company’s shareholders is recognized as a liability in the financial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the Company’s shareholders.

(aa)
Comparatives

Where necessary, prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with changes in presentation in the current year.
 
F-26

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

(a)
Financial risk factors

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest rate risk, cash flow interest rate risk and fuel price risk), credit risk, and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. The Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures.

Risk management is carried out by a central treasury department (the “Group Treasury”) under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Group Treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the Group’s operating units. The Board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest-rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments.

(i)
Foreign currency risk
 
The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to the US dollars, Japanese Yen and Euro. Foreign exchange risk arises from ticket sales made in overseas offices, expenses, recognized assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than RMB.

The Group normally generates sufficient foreign currencies for payment of foreign currency expenses. The Group also enters into certain foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against foreign currency risk. Details of foreign currency forward contracts are disclosed in Note 34(b) to the financial statements.

F-27


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
Financial risk management (continued)

The following table details the Group’s and the Company’s exposure at the balance sheet date to currency risk.

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
USD
 
Euro
 
JPY
 
USD
 
Euro
 
JPY
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Trade and other receivables
   
712,769
   
38,698
   
212,987
   
1,019,596
   
54,185
   
420,927
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
435,944
   
66,454
   
68,950
   
736,951
   
92,205
   
70,996
 
Trade and other payables
   
(315,560
)
 
(955
)
 
(170
)
 
(317,867
)
 
(6,017
)
 
(16
)
Obligation under finance leases
   
(9,733,992
)
 
-
   
(1,615,949
)
 
(15,417,522
)
 
-
   
(1,034,688
)
Borrowings
   
(16,698,321
)
 
(100,000
)
 
-
   
(17,196,836
)
 
(130,145
)
 
-
 
Currency derivatives at notional value
   
259,069
   
-
   
-
   
241,052
   
-
   
-
 
Net balance sheet exposure
   
(25,340,091
)
 
4,197
   
(1,334,182
)
 
(30,934,626
)
 
10,228
   
(542,781
)

The following table indicates the approximate change in the Group’s and the Company’s profit and loss and other components of consolidated equity in response to a 5% appreciation/depreciation of RMB against the following currencies.

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
Effect on profit
and loss
 
Effect on other
components of
equity
 
Effect on profit
and loss
 
Effect on other
components of
equity
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
US dollars
   
1,259,358
   
9,760
   
1,555,851
   
1,228
 
                           
Euro
   
(210
)
 
-
   
(511
)
 
-
 
                           
Japanese Yen
   
66,709
   
-
   
27,139
   
-
 
 
F-28


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

(ii)
Interest rate risk

The Group’s interest-rate risk primarily arises from long-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest-rate risk. Borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the Group to fair value interest-rate risk. During 2007 and 2006, the Group’s borrowings at variable rates were primarily denominated in US dollars. The interest rates and terms of repayment of borrowings made to the Group and interest rate swaps are disclosed in Notes 29 and 34(a) to the financial statements.

To hedge against the variability in the cash flows arising from a change in market interest rates, the Group has entered into certain interest rate swaps to swap variable rates into fixed rates.

The following table details the Group’s interest rate profile of the interest-bearing financial instruments at the balance sheet date.

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Fixed rate instruments
             
Borrowings
   
(8,779,059
)
 
(9,734,862
)
Obligations under finance leases
   
(9,304,320
)
 
(14,570,519
)
Interest rate swaps
   
3,829,675
   
3,342,023
 
Net exposure
   
(14,253,704
)
 
(20,963,358
)

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Floating rate instruments
             
Cash and cash equivalents
   
1,987,486
 
 
1,655,244
 
Borrowings
   
(19,328,681
)
 
(20,128,966
)
Obligations under finance leases
   
(2,548,278
)
 
(1,881,691
)
Interest rate swaps
   
1,097,224
   
1,217,691
 
     
(18,792,249
)
 
(19,137,722
)
 
F-29


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

(ii)
Interest rate risk (continued)

The following table indicates the approximate change in the Group’s profit and loss and other components of equity in response to reasonable possible changes in the interest rate.

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
Increase
/(decrease) in
  interest rates  
 
Effect on
profit and
loss
 
Effect on
other
components
of equity
 
Increase
/(decrease)
in interest
rates
 
Effect on
profit and
loss
 
Effect on
other
components
of equity
 
       
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
     
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Floating rate instruments
   
0.25
%
 
(36,086
)
 
1,227
   
0.25
%
 
(57,681
)
 
27,872
 

(iii)
Fuel price risk

The Group’s results of operations may be significantly affected by fluctuations in fuel prices which is a significant expense for the Group. Aircraft fuel accounts for 35% of the Group’s operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 (2006: 33%). The Group has entered into certain financial derivatives to hedge against fuel price risk. Details of fuel option contracts are disclosed in Note 34(c) to the financial statements.

For the year ended, if fuel prices had been 5% higher/lower with all other variables held constant, the impact is shown below.

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
Effect on
profit and loss
 
Effect on profit
and loss
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Net increase in fuel price
   
17,960
   
8,766
 
Net decrease in fuel price
   
(45,290
)
 
(17,531
)
 
F-30


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

(iv)
Credit risk

The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as credit exposures to sales agents. The Group has a credit policy in place to monitor the exposures to these credit risks on an on-going basis.

The Group has policies in place to ensure that blank tickets are only made available to sales agents with an appropriate credit history. A major portion of sales are conducted through sales agents and the majority of these agents are connected to various settlement plans and/or clearing systems which impose requirements on their credit standing.

A significant portion of the Group’s air tickets are sold by agents participating in the Billing and Settlements Plan (“BSP”), a clearing system between airlines and sales agents organised by the International Air Transportation Association. The balance due from BSP agents amounted to approximately RMB896 million as at December 31, 2007 (2006: RMB650 million).

Except for the above, the Group has no significant concentration of credit risk, with the exposure spreading over a number of counterparties.

Further quantitative disclosures in respect of the Group’s exposure to credit risk arising from trade receivables are set out in Note 23.

The Group’s cash management policy is to deposit cash and cash equivalents mainly in state-owned banks and other banks, which are highly rated by an international credit rating company. The Group also deposits cash and cash equivalents in an associate financial institution owned by its holding company (Note 40). The management does not expect any loss to arise from non-performance by these banks and financial institution.

Transactions in relation to derivative financial instruments are only carried out with financial institutions of high reputation. The Group has policies that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. Management does not expect any losses from non-performance by these banks.

F-31


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

(v)
Liquidity risk

The Group’s primary cash requirements have been for additions of and upgrades to aircraft, engines and flight equipment and payments on related borrowings. The Group finances its working capital requirements through a combination of funds generated from operations and both short and long term bank loans. The Group generally finances the acquisition of aircraft through long-term finance leases and bank loans.

The Group operates with a working capital deficit. As at December 31, 2007, the Group’s net current liabilities amounted to RMB26,074 million (2006: RMB24,616million). For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group recorded a net cash outflow from operating activities of RMB2,695 million (2006: inflow RMB1,339 million), a net cash outflow from investing activities and financing activities of RMB3,011 million (2006: RMB1,258 million), and an decrease in cash and cash equivalents of RMB316 million (2006: RMB80 million).

The Directors of the Company believe that cash from operations and short-term bank borrowings will be sufficient to meet the Group’s operating cashflow. Due to the dynamic nature of the underlying businesses, the Group’s treasury policy aims at maintaining flexibility in funding by keeping credit lines available. The Directors of the Company believe that the Group has obtained sufficient general credit facilities from PRC banks for financing future capital commitments and for working capital purposes.

Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity reserves on the basis of expected cash flows:

The table below analyses the Group’s financial liabilities that will be settled into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet to the contractual maturity dates. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances, as the impact of discounting is not significant.

F-32


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

(v)
Liquidity risk (continued)

   
Less than 1
year
 
Between
1 and 2
years
 
Between
2 and 5
years
 
Over 5
years
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At December 31, 2006
                         
Bank borrowings
   
16,016,327
   
3,053,315
   
7,560,389
   
1,477,709
 
Derivative financial instruments
   
124,722
   
13,006
   
1,090
   
-
 
Obligations under finance leases
   
2,803,956
   
1,940,937
   
2,602,151
   
4,505,554
 
Trade and other payables
   
12,137,307
   
-
   
448,176
   
314,884
 
Total
   
31,082,312
   
5,007,258
   
10,611,806
   
6,298,147
 
                           
At December 31, 2007
                         
Borrowings
   
18,494,521
   
5,927,098
   
4,216,517
   
1,225,692
 
Derivative financial instruments
   
20,238
   
441
   
5,120
   
15,997
 
Obligations under finance leases
   
2,545,223
   
1,567,253
   
4,205,352
   
8,134,382
 
Trade and other payables
   
12,108,423
   
-
   
339,064
   
314,884
 
Total
   
33,168,405
   
7,494,792
   
8,766,053
   
9,690,955
 

F-33


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

(b)
Capital risk management

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

Consistent with others in the industry, the Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings (including borrowings and trade and other payables, as shown in the consolidated balance sheet) less cash and cash equivalents. Total capital is calculated as equity, as shown in the consolidated balance sheet, plus net debt.

The gearing ratios at December 31, 2006 and 2007 were as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
Total borrowings
   
28,107,740
   
29,863,828
 
Less: Cash and cash equivalents
   
(1,987,486
)
 
(1,655,244
)
Net debt
   
26,120,254
   
28,208,584
 
Total equity
   
2,814,897
   
3,027,763
 
Total capital
   
28,935,151
   
31,236,347
 
               
Gearing ratio
   
0.90
   
0.90
 
 
F-34


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

(c)
Fair value estimation of financial assets and liabilities

The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives, and trading and available-for-sale securities) is based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet date. The quoted market price used for financial assets held by the Group is the current bid price; the quoted market price used for financial liabilities is the current asking price.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses a variety of methods and makes assumptions that are based on market conditions existing at each balance sheet date. Quoted market prices or dealer quotes for similar instruments are used for long-term debt. Other techniques, such as estimated discounted cash flows, are used to determine fair value for the remaining financial instruments. The fair value of interest-rate swaps is calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts is determined using forward exchange market rates at the balance sheet date. The fair value of fuel option contracts is determined using quoted market values.

The carrying value less impairment provision for trade receivables and the carrying value of payables approximate their fair values. The fair values of other long-term receivables are based on cash flows discounted using a rate based on the borrowing rate. The fair value of financial liabilities for disclosure purposes is estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows at the current market interest rate that is available to the Group for similar financial instruments (Note 28 and 29).

F-35


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

Estimates and judgments used in preparing the financial statements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

(a)
Estimated impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

The Group tests whether property, plant and equipment and intangible assets have been impaired in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(n) to the financial statements. The recoverable amounts of cash generating units have been determined based on value-in-use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates which are disclosed in Note 16(a) to the financial statements.

(b)
Valuation of property, plant and equipment

The Group’s property, plant and equipment is subsequently stated at revalued amounts less accumulated depreciation in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(m) to the financial statements. Revaluations of property, plant and equipment will be performed at sufficiently regular intervals, at least every five years, by independent professional valuers. In each of the intervening years valuations will be undertaken by the Directors of the Company. If the subsequent revalued amounts differ materially from carrying amounts, the carrying amounts will be adjusted to the revalued amounts. Their recorded value is impacted by management judgment, including valuations performed by management and/or independent professional valuers, estimates of useful lives, residual values and impairment charges. If different judgments or estimates had been utilized, material differences could have resulted in the amount of revaluation and related depreciation charges.

(c)
Revenue recognition
 
The Group recognizes passenger, cargo and mail revenues in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(f) to the financial statements. Unused tickets are recognized in traffic revenues based on current estimates. Management annually evaluates the balance in the Sales in advance of carriage account (“SIAC”) and records any adjustments, which can be material, in the period the evaluation is completed.

These adjustments result from differences between the estimates of certain revenue transactions and the timing of recognising revenue for any unused air tickets and the related sales price, and are impacted by various factors, including a complex pricing structure and interline agreements throughout the industry, which affect the timing of revenue recognition.

F-36


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS (CONTINUED)

(d)
Overhaul costs

The amount of overhaul costs charged/amortized to operating profits is impacted by management’s estimates of the expected flying hours and overhaul costs, which are largely based on past experience of overhauls of the same or similar models of aircraft. Different judgments or estimates could significantly affect the estimated overhaul expense and materially impact the results of operations.

(e)
Retirement benefits

The Group operates and maintains defined retirement benefit plans which provide retirees with benefits including transportation subsidies, social activity subsidies as well as other welfare. The cost of providing the aforementioned benefits in the defined retirement benefit plan is actuarially determined and recognized over the employees’ service period by utilizing various actuarial assumptions and using the projected unit credit method in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(w) to the financial statements. These assumptions include, without limitation, the selection of discount rate, annual rate of increase of per capita benefit payment and employees’ turnover rate. The discount rate is based on management’s review of local high quality corporate bonds. The annual rate of increase of benefit payments is based on the general local economic conditions. The employees’ turnover rate is based on historical trends of the Group. Additional information regarding the retirement benefit plans is disclosed in Note 32 to the financial statements.

(f)
Deferred income tax

In assessing the amount of deferred tax assets that need to be recognized in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2(k) to the financial statements, the Group considers future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In the event that the Group’s estimates of projected future taxable income and benefits from available tax strategies are changed, or changes in current tax regulations are enacted that would impact the timing or extent of the Group’s ability to utilize the tax benefits of net operating loss carry forwards in the future, adjustments to the recorded amount of net deferred tax assets and taxation expense would be made.

F-37


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5.
REVENUES

The Group is principally engaged in the operation of civil aviation, including the provision of passenger, cargo, mail delivery and other extended transportation services.

   
Year ended December 31
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Revenues
                   
Traffic revenues
                   
– Passenger
   
21,367,747
   
31,121,718
   
36,064,642
 
– Cargo and mail
   
5,087,244
   
5,776,671
   
5,633,117
 
Ground service income
   
806,755
   
893,960
   
1,001,809
 
Cargo handling income
   
292,488
   
289,530
   
364,638
 
Commission income
   
185,827
   
125,576
   
156,713
 
Rental income from operating subleases of aircraft
   
183,260
   
-
   
-
 
Others
   
198,175
   
403,469
   
393,166
 
     
28,121,496
   
38,610,924
   
43,614,085
 
Less: Business tax (Note)
   
(667,053
)
 
(976,792
)
 
(1,092,859
)
     
27,454,443
   
37,634,132
   
42,521,226
 

Note:

Except for traffic revenues derived from inbound international and regional flights, which are not subject to the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) business tax, the Group’s traffic revenues, commission income, ground service income, cargo handling income and other revenues are subject to PRC business tax levied at rates ranging from 3% to 5%, pursuant to PRC business tax rules and regulations.

6.
OTHER OPERATING INCOME, NET

   
Year ended December 31
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Government subsidies (Note)
   
193,069
   
462,370
   
487,561
 
Net fair value gains on financial instruments
                   
– forward foreign exchange contracts  
   
25,002
   
26,744
   
20,576
 
– fuel hedging income/(losses)
   
27,208
   
(64,849
)
 
96,576
 
     
245,279
   
424,265
   
604,713
 

Note:
 
The government subsidies represent (i) subsidies granted by the Central Government and local government to the Group; and (ii) other subsidies granted by various local municipalities to encourage the Group to operate certain routes to cities where these municipalities are located.

F-38


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7.
SEGMENT INFORMATION

In accordance with the Group’s internal financial reporting, the Group has determined that business segments be presented as the primary reporting format and geographical as the secondary reporting format.

(a)
Primary reporting format by business segment

The Group has two business segments, namely passenger and cargo and logistics, which are structured and managed separately, according to the nature of their operations and the services they provide.
 
 
(1)
Passenger business segment includes cargo carried by passenger flights.

 
(2)
Inter-segment transfers or transactions are entered into under normal commercial terms and conditions that would also be available to unrelated third parties.

The segment results for the year ended December 31, 2007 are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Traffic revenues
   
37,537,460
   
3,113,488
   
-
   
40,650,948
 
Other revenues
   
1,208,760
   
900,529
   
208,456
   
2,317,745
 
                           
Total segment revenue
   
38,746,220
   
4,014,017
   
208,456
   
42,968,693
 
Inter-segment revenue
   
(348,643
)
 
-
   
(98,824
)
 
(447,467
)
                           
Revenues
   
38,397,577
   
4,014,017
   
109,632
   
42,521,226
 
                           
Operating (loss)/profit – segment results
   
(182,147
)
 
181,823
   
38,861
   
38,537
 
Finance income
   
2,034,611
   
84,481
   
789
   
2,119,881
 
Finance costs
   
(1,799,454
)
 
(164,685
)
 
(14,411
)
 
(1,978,550
)
Share of results of associates  
   
-
   
-
   
58,312
   
58,312
 
Share of results of jointly controlled entities
   
-
   
-
   
30,086
   
30,086
 
                           
Profit before income tax 
   
53,010
   
101,619
   
113,637
   
268,266
 
Income tax
   
38,835
   
(58,123
)
 
(4,475
)
 
(23,763
)
                           
Profit for the year
   
91,845
   
43,496
   
109,162
   
244,503
 
 
F-39


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7.
SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

(a)
Primary reporting format by business segment (continued)

Other segment items included in the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2007 are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Depreciation
   
3,991,253
   
646,364
   
42,749
   
4,680,366
 
Amortization
   
119,913
   
11,051
   
586
   
131,550
 
Deficits on revaluation/ impairment loss
   
130,921
   
-
   
-
   
130,921
 

The segment assets and liabilities at December 31, 2007 and capital expenditure for the year then ended are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Segment assets
   
60,725,717
   
5,286,774
   
1,125,583
   
67,138,074
 
Investments in associates
   
-
   
-
   
601,119
   
601,119
 
Investments in jointly controlled entities  
   
-
   
-
   
336,966
   
336,966
 
                           
Total assets
   
60,725,717
   
5,286,774
   
2,063,668
   
68,076,159
 
                           
Segment liabilities
   
(59,784,072
)
 
(4,196,729
)
 
(482,629
)
 
(64,463,430
)
                           
Capital expenditure (Note 16 & 17)
   
13,334,367
   
642,795
   
7,730
   
13,984,892
 
 
F-40


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7.
SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

(a)
Primary reporting format by business segment (continued)

The segment results for the year ended December 31, 2006 are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Traffic revenues
   
33,489,978
   
2,842,836
   
-
   
36,332,814
 
Other revenues
   
1,211,553
   
709,069
   
140,525
   
2,061,147
 
                           
Total segment revenue
   
34,701,531
   
3,551,905
   
140,525
   
38,393,961
 
Inter-segment revenue
   
(689,331
)
 
-
   
(70,498
)
 
(759,829
)
                           
Revenues
   
34,012,200
   
3,551,905
   
70,027
   
37,634,132
 
                           
Operating (loss)/profit  – segment results
   
(2,770,861
)
 
(242,526
)
 
21,947
   
(2,991,440
)
Finance income
   
989,473
   
17,639
   
1,451
   
1,008,563
 
Finance costs
   
(1,653,939
)
 
(104,418
)
 
(7,624
)
 
(1,765,981
)
Share of results of associates
   
-
   
-
   
103,566
   
103,566
 
Share of results of jointly controlled entities
   
-
   
-
   
29,595
   
29,595
 
                           
(Loss)/profit before income tax 
   
(3,435,327
)
 
(329,305
)
 
148,935
   
(3,615,697
)
Income tax
   
198,088
   
(30,262
)
 
(4,894
)
 
162,932
 
                           
(Loss)/profit for the year
   
(3,237,239
)
 
(359,567
)
 
144,041
   
(3,452,765
)
 
Other segment items included in the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2006 are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Depreciation
   
3,937,182
   
524,150
   
32,240
   
4,493,572
 
Amortization
   
103,606
   
-
   
-
   
103,606
 
Deficits on revaluation’s impairment loss  
   
1,035,343
   
-
   
-
   
1,035,343
 
 
F-41


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7.
SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

(a)
Primary reporting format by business segment (continued)

The segment assets and liabilities at December 31, 2006 and capital expenditure for the year then ended are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Segment assets
   
54,778,224
   
5,185,564
   
463,188
   
60,426,976
 
Investments in associates
   
-
   
-
   
623,390
   
623,390
 
Investments in jointly controlled entities  
   
-
   
-
   
115,540
   
115,540
 
                           
Total assets
   
54,778,224
   
5,185,564
   
1,202,118
   
61,165,906
 
                           
Segment liabilities
   
(53,632,097
)
 
(3,992,814
)
 
(64,352
)
 
(57,689,263
)
                           
Capital expenditure (Note 16 & 17)
   
15,566,384
   
1,170,712
   
52,623
   
16,789,719
 
 
F-42


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7.
Segment information (continued)

(a)
Primary reporting format by business segment (continued)

The segment results for the year ended December 31, 2005 are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Traffic revenues
   
23,182,516
   
2,731,636
   
-
   
25,914,152
 
Other revenues
   
1,012,076
   
574,776
   
97,911
   
1,684,763
 
                           
Total segment revenue
   
24,194,592
   
3,306,412
   
97,911
   
27,598,915
 
Inter-segment revenue
   
(144,472
)
 
-
   
-
   
(144,472
)
                           
Revenues
   
24,050,120
   
3,306,412
   
97,911
   
27,454,443
 
                           
Operating (loss)/profit – segment results
   
(165,559
)
 
167,414
   
12,393
   
14,248
 
Finance income
   
533,257
   
4,830
   
5,253
   
543,340
 
Finance costs
   
(1,036,638
)
 
(82,199
)
 
(2,853
)
 
(1,121,690
)
Share of results of associates
   
-
   
-
   
(9,030
)
 
(9,030
)
                           
Share of results of jointly controlled entities
   
-
   
-
   
(4,300
)
 
(4,300
)
                           
(Loss)/profit before income tax 
   
(668,940
)
 
90,045
   
1,463
   
(577,432
)
Income tax
   
153,226
   
(11,415
)
 
(3,107
)
 
138,704
 
                           
(Loss)/profit for the year
   
(515,714
)
 
78,630
   
(1,644
)
 
(438,728
)
 
Other segment items included in the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2005 are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Depreciation
   
3,434,649
   
445,501
   
17,992
   
3,898,142
 
Amortization
   
38,799
   
-
   
-
   
38,799
 
 
F-43


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7.
SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

(a)
Primary reporting format by business segment (continued)

The segment assets and liabilities at December 31, 2005 and capital expenditure for the year then ended are as follows:

   
Passenger
 
Cargo and
logistics
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Segment assets
   
52,560,982
   
5,182,541
   
425,553
   
58,169,076
 
Investments in associates
   
-
   
-
   
629,746
   
629,746
 
Investments in jointly controlled entities  
   
-
   
-
   
100,520
   
100,520
 
                           
Total assets
   
52,560,982
   
5,182,541
   
1,155,819
   
58,899,342
 
                           
Segment liabilities
   
(48,461,886
)
 
(3,473,228
)
 
(45,686
)
 
(51,980,800
)
                           
Capital expenditure 
   
12,170,540
   
1,044,973
   
14,838
   
13,230,351
 
 
F-44


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7.
SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

(b)
Secondary reporting format by geographical segment

The Group’s two business segments operate in four main geographical areas, even though they are managed on a worldwide basis.

The Group’s revenues (net of business tax) by geographical segment are analyzed based on the following criteria:

 
(1)
Traffic revenue from services within the PRC (excluding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”)) is classified as domestic operations. Traffic revenue from inbound and outbound services between the PRC and Hong Kong or overseas markets is classified under Hong Kong or the relevant overseas locations.

 
(2)
Revenue from ticket handling services, airport ground services and other miscellaneous services are classified on the basis of where the services are performed.

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Domestic (the PRC, excluding Hong Kong)
   
13,357,972
   
20,948,698
   
24,125,288
 
Hong Kong
   
3,150,123
   
3,244,846
   
2,694,857
 
Japan
   
2,644,372
   
3,582,962
   
3,642,220
 
Other countries
   
8,301,976
   
9,857,626
   
12,058,861
 
Total
   
27,454,443
   
37,634,132
   
42,521,226
 

The major revenue-earning assets of the Group are its aircraft, all of which are registered in the PRC. Since the Group’s aircraft are deployed flexibly across its route network, there is no suitable basis of allocating such assets and the related liabilities to geographical segments and hence segment assets and capital expenditure by geographic segment have not been presented.

F-45


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8.
WAGES, SALARIES AND BENEFITS

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Wages, salaries, bonus and allowances     
   
1,608,662
   
2,603,095
   
3,198,734
 
Employee welfare and benefits  
   
166,267
   
231,000
   
246,626
 
Defined contribution retirement schemes (Note 32(a))
   
280,218
   
298,363
   
373,253
 
Post-retirement benefits (Note 32(b))  
   
102,459
   
146,968
   
170,670
 
Staff housing fund (Note 33(a))
   
195,000
   
228,000
   
285,000
 
Staff housing allowance (Note 33(b))  
   
36,231
   
30,656
   
53,114
 
     
2,388,837
   
3,538,082
   
4,327,397
 

9.
OPERATING PROFIT/LOSS

Operating profit/loss is stated after charging and crediting the following items:

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Charging:
                   
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment  
                   
- Leased
   
1,161,395
   
1,418,781
   
1,839,928
 
- Owned
   
2,736,747
   
3,074,791
   
2,840,438
 
Amortization of intangible assets
   
13,580
   
72,737
   
106,703
 
Amortization of lease prepayments
   
25,219
   
30,869
   
24,847
 
Consumption of flight equipment spare parts
   
239,134
   
326,248
   
468,888
 
Allowances for obsolescence of flight equipment spare parts
   
-
   
60,317
   
96,535
 
Deficits on revaluation/impairment loss
   
-
   
1,035,343
   
130,921
 
Provision for impairment of trade and other receivables
   
25,325
   
19,539
   
10,481
 
Auditors’ remuneration
   
10,000
   
20,120
   
18,439
 
                     
Crediting:
                   
Reversal of allowances for obsolescence of flight equipment spare parts
   
13,930
   
-
   
-
 
Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment
   
8,073
   
36,207
   
674
 
 
F-46


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

10.
FINANCE INCOME  

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Exchange gains, net (Note)
   
414,640
   
888,402
   
2,023,032
 
Interest income
   
128,700
   
120,161
   
96,849
 
Finance income
   
543,340
   
1,008,563
   
2,119,881
 

Note:

The exchange gain for the year ended December 31, 2007 primarily relates to the translation of the Group’s foreign currency denominated borrowings and obligations under finance leases at year-end exchange rates.

11.
FINANCE COSTS

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Interest relating to obligations under finance leases
   
(324,633
)
 
(543,953
)
 
(731,885
)
Interest on loans from banks and financial institutions
   
(990,221
)
 
(1,580,536
)
 
(1,629,090
)
Interest relating to notes payable
   
(52,639
)
 
(91,280
)
 
(72,779
)
Amortization of the discount on zero coupon debentures
   
(22,944
)
 
(25,456
)
 
-
 
Interest relating to long-term payables     
   
(6,999
)
 
(4,961
)
 
(3,406
)
Fair value (gains)/losses on financial instruments – transfer from equity in respect of interest rate swaps qualified as cash flow hedges
   
(4,243
)
 
55,889
   
59,111
 
     
(1,401,679
)
 
(2,190,297
)
 
(2,378,049
)
Less: Amounts capitalised into advanced payments on acquisition of aircraft  (Note 19)
   
279,989
   
424,316
   
399,499
 
Finance costs
   
(1,121,690
)
 
(1,765,981
)
 
(1,978,550
)
 
F-47


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12.
TAXATION

(a) Income tax charged /(credited) to the consolidated income statement is as follows:

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Provision for PRC income tax  
   
(81,734
)
 
48,072
   
72,918
 
Deferred taxation (Note 12(c))
   
(56,970
)
 
(211,004
)
 
(49,155
)
     
(138,704
)
 
(162,932
)
 
23,763
 

For 2007, the Company is subject to PRC income tax at a reduced rate of 15%, pursuant to the Circular Hu Shui Er Cai (2001) No. 104 issued by the Shanghai Municipal Tax Bureau.

Certain subsidiaries of the Group located in Pudong, Shanghai are subject to PRC income tax at a reduced rate of 15%, pursuant to the preferential tax policy in Pudong, Shanghai. Other subsidiaries of the Group are generally subject to the PRC corporate income tax at the standard rate of 33% for the years presented.

On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress approved the Corporate Income Tax of the People’s Republic of China (the“new CIT Law”). The PRC enterprise income tax rate for the Company and all its subsidiaries, except those registered in Hong Kong, will change to a standard tax rate of 25%. However, the tax bureau of Pudong district, in which the Company and certain of its subsidiaries are registered, has not yet announced the detailed transitional provisions from the old rate to the new CIT rate. For the purposes of deferred tax calculation, the Company and its subsidiaries registered in Pudong apply 25% tax rate effective from January 1, 2008. The net deferred tax position is nearly neutral for the Company and its subsidiaries registered in Pudong as of December 31, 2007. Therefore, management considers that the change in tax rate does not have material impact on the Group’s deferred tax position.

Further detailed measured and regulations on determination of taxable profit, tax incentives and grandfathering provisions will be issued by the tax authorities. As and when the tax authorities announce the additional regulations, the Group will assess their impact, if any, and the corresponding change in accounting estimate will be accounted for prospectively.

F-48


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12.
TAXATION ( CONTINUED )
 

Tax on the Group’s consolidated income statement differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the taxation rate of the home country of the Company as follows:

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
               
Profit/(loss) before income tax
   
(577,432
)
 
(3,615,697
)
 
268,266
 
Adjusted by:
                   
Share of result of associates and jointly controlled entities
   
13,330
   
(133,161
)
 
(88,398
)
     
(564,102
)
 
(3,748,858
)
 
179,868
 
Tax calculated at enacted tax rate of 15%  
   
(84,615
)
 
(562,329
)
 
26,980
 
Effect attributable to subsidiaries charged at tax rates of 17.5% or 33%
   
(18,334
)
 
(27,969
)
 
(49,578
)
Effect of tax rate change
   
-
   
-
   
24,289
 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
   
5,642
   
13,852
   
12,031
 
Utilization/(recognization) of previously unrecognized tax losses  
   
-
   
23,130
   
(157,531
)
Unrecognized tax losses
   
86,074
   
327,739
   
54,647
 
Other unrecognized temporary differences
   
-
   
16,067
   
112,925
 
Gain arising from intra-group property, plant and equipment disposal subject to taxation
   
-
   
46,578
   
-
 
Effect attributable to subsidiaries with income tax exemptions
   
(33,852
)
 
-
   
-
 
Income not subject to taxation
   
(4,462
)
 
-
   
-
 
Reversal of income tax provision made in prior years as a result of tax clearance with local tax bureau
   
(81,807
)
 
-
   
-
 
Others
   
(7,350
)
 
-
   
-
 
Tax charge/(credit)
   
(138,704
)
 
(162,932
)
 
23,763
 

(b) The Group operates international flights to overseas destinations. There was no material overseas taxation for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, as there are double tax treaties between the PRC and the corresponding jurisdictions (including Hong Kong) relating to aviation businesses.

F-49


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12.
TAXATION ( CONTINUED )

(c) Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right of offset and when the deferred income taxes relate to the same authority. The following amounts, determined after appropriate offsetting, are shown in the balance sheets:

   
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
           
Deferred tax assets
             
– Deferred tax asset to be utilized after 12 months
   
81,010
   
111,874
 
– Deferred tax asset to be utilized within 12 months      
   
1,136
   
1,337
 
     
82,146
   
113,211
 
Deferred tax liabilities
             
– Deferred tax liability to be realized after 12 months
   
(68,459
)
 
(50,369
)
– Deferred tax liability to be realized within 12 months
   
-
   
-
 
     
(68,459
)
 
(50,369
)
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities), net
   
13,687
   
62,842
 

Movements in the net deferred taxation asset/(liability) are as follows:

   
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
           
At January 1
   
(166,501
)
 
13,687
 
Additions through business acquisitions
   
(29,326
)
 
-
 
Credited to income statement
   
211,004
   
49,155
 
Charged/(credited) to equity – gain/(losses) on cash flow hedges (Note 36)
   
(1,490
)
 
-
 
At December 31
   
13,687
   
62,842
 
 
F-50


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12.
TAXATION ( CONTINUED )

The deferred tax assets and liabilities (prior to the offsetting of balances within the same tax jurisdiction) were made up of the taxation effects of the following:

   
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB'000
 
RMB'000
 
Deferred tax assets:
             
Tax losses carried forward
   
90,335
   
317,392
 
Provision for obsolete flight equipment spare parts
   
68,574
   
138,783
 
Provision for receivables
   
57,467
   
79,195
 
Provision for post-retirement benefits
   
216,570
   
351,283
 
Other accrued expenses and provisions
   
97,823
   
107,283
 
     
530,769
   
993,936
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
             
Depreciation and amortization
   
(517,082
)
 
(931,094
)
     
(517,082
)
 
(931,094
)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)
   
13,687
   
62,842
 

In accordance with the PRC tax law, tax losses can be carried forward to offset against future taxable income for a period of five years. As at December 31, 2007, the Group had tax losses carried forward of approximately RMB 5,380 million (2006: RMB5,849 million) which will expire between 2008 and 2012, and which are available to set off against the Group’s future taxable income. As at December 31, 2007, the Group did not recognize RMB1,028 million (2006: RMB882 million) of deferred tax assets arising from tax losses available as management did not consider it probable that such tax losses would be realized before they expire.

13.
DIVIDEND

No interim dividend was paid during both 2007 and 2006.

The Board of Directors of the Company has not recommended any dividend in respect of the year ended December 31, 2007. No final dividend was paid in respect of the year ended December 31, 2006.

14.
PROFIT/LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREHOLDERS

The profit attributable to equity holders of the Company is dealt with in the financial statements of the Company to the extent of RMB420 million (2006: loss of RMB2,664 million, 2005, loss of RMB406 million).

15.
EARNING/LOSS PER SHARE

The calculation of basic earning per share is based on the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company of RMB269 million (2006: loss of RMB3,313 million, 2005: loss of RMB467 million) and the weighted average number of shares of 4,866,950,000 (2006: 4,866,950,000, 2005: 4,866,950,000) in issue during the year.

The Company has no potentially dilutive option or other instruments relating to ordinary shares.


F-51


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

16.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS

   
Goodwill
(Note (a))
 
Sponsorship
fee (Note (b))
 
Computer
software
 
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
Cost
                         
At January 1, 2006
   
688,311
   
-
   
84,964
   
773,275
 
Additions through the acquisition of a controlling interest in an associate  
   
304,832
   
-
   
28
   
304,860
 
Other additions
   
-
   
320,000
   
33,617
   
353,617
 
Disposals
   
-
   
-
   
(36
)
 
(36
)
At December 31, 2006
   
993,143
   
320,000
   
118,573
   
1,431,716
 
                           
At January 1, 2007
   
993,143
   
320,000
   
118,573
   
1,431,716
 
Other additions
   
-
   
-
   
15,283
   
15,283
 
Disposals
   
-
   
-
   
(1,715
)
 
(1,715
)
At December 31, 2007
   
993,143
   
320,000
   
132,141
   
1,445,284
 
                           
Accumulated amortization
                         
At January 1, 2006
   
-
   
-
   
21,432
   
21,432
 
Charge for the year
   
-
   
52,870
   
19,867
   
72,737
 
Disposals
   
-
   
-
   
(7
)
 
(7
)
At December 31, 2006
   
-
   
52,870
   
41,292
   
94,162
 
                           
At January 1, 2007
   
-
   
52,870
   
41,292
   
94,162
 
Charge for the year
   
-
   
82,194
   
24,509
   
106,703
 
Disposals
   
-
   
-
   
(287
)
 
(287
)
At December 31, 2007
   
-
   
135,064
   
65,514
   
200,578
 
                           
Net book amount
                         
At December 31, 2006
   
993,143
   
267,130
   
77,281
   
1,337,554
 
                           
At December 31, 2007
   
993,143
   
184,936
   
66,627
   
1,244,706
 
 
F-52


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

16.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS (CONTINUED)

Notes:
 
(a)
Impairment tests for goodwill

The Group operates in two cash-generating units (“CGU”) which are passenger (including cargo carried by passenger flights) and cargo and logistics.

The recoverable amount of a CGU is determined based on value-in-use calculations. These calculations use cash flow projections based on financial forecasts, with reference to past performance and expectations for market development, approved by management covering a five-year period. Cash flows beyond the five-year period are extrapolated using the estimated growth rates which do not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the aviation businesses in which the CGU operates. The discount rate used of approximately 10% is pre-tax and reflects specific risks relating to the Group's business.

(b)
Sponsorship fees

In March 2006, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Sponsorship Agreement”) with the Bureau of 2010 Expo Shanghai (the “Bureau”) which designated the Group as the exclusive airline passenger carrier in the PRC to sponsor the 2010 Shanghai Expo. The Company will be entitled to a number of rights, including but not limited to the use of the Expo logo in the Group’s products, priority to purchase advertising space at the Expo site etc. In return, the Company is required to pay a total sponsorship fee of RMB320 million, RMB160 million of which would be paid in cash by instalments, the remaining RMB160 million would be settled by value-in-kind services (“VIK”) (in the form of goods or services) to support the 2010 Shanghai Expo. Accordingly, an intangible asset has been recognized and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the beneficial period from the effective date of the Sponsorship Agreement to the completion of the Expo. The outstanding sponsorship fee of RMB233 million (2006: 279 million) has also been recognized as other long-term liabilities (Note 31) in the Group’s balance sheet.
 
F-53

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
17.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

   
Aircraft, engines and
flight equipment
                 
   
Owned
 
Held under
finance  lesses
 
Buildings
 
Other  property,
plant  and
equipment
 
Construction
in progress
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                           
Valuation or cost
                                     
At January 1, 2006
   
33,254,963
   
17,791,313
   
2,424,989
   
2,984,531
   
240,884
   
56,696,680
 
Reclassification upon purchase
   
2,011,940
   
(2,011,940
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Transfers from construction in progress  
   
-
   
-
   
52,832
   
242,669
   
(295,501
)
 
-
 
Transfers from advanced payments on acquisition of aircraft (Note 19)
   
3,797,430
   
2,591,545
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
6,388,975
 
Additions through the acquisitions of controlling interests in associates
   
78,291
   
305,663
   
303,064
   
33,292
   
2,447
   
722,757
 
Other additions
   
5,612,187
   
2,724,601
   
-
   
384,743
   
297,979
   
9,019,510
 
Valuation deficit
   
(939,655
)
 
(95,688
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
(1,035,343
)
Transfers to non-current assets held for sale (Note (b) & 37)
   
(2,108,763
)
 
(202,898
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
(2,311,661
)
Disposals by sale and leaseback
   
(7,940,164
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(7,940,164
)
Other disposals
   
(314,615
)
 
-
   
(41,639
)
 
(131,322
)
 
-
   
(487,576
)
At December 31, 2006
   
33,451,614
   
21,102,596
   
2,739,246
   
3,513,913
   
245,809
   
61,053,178
 
                                       
Accumulated depreciation
                                     
At January 1, 2006
   
11,880,147
   
4,426,004
   
479,334
   
1,386,327
   
-
   
18,171,812
 
Reclassification upon purchase
   
940,464
   
(940,464
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Charge for the year
   
2,600,331
   
1,418,781
   
106,441
   
368,019
   
-
   
4,493,572
 
Transfers to non-current assets held for sale (Note (b) and 37)
   
(1,346,228
)
 
(121,049
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
(1,467,277
)
Disposals
   
(97,146
)
 
-
   
(3,703
)
 
(94,546
)
 
-
   
(195,395
)
At December 31, 2006
   
13,977,568
   
4,783,272
   
582,072
   
1,659,800
   
-
   
21,002,712
 
                                       
Net book amount
                                     
At December 31, 2007
   
19,474,046
   
16,319,324
   
2,157,174
   
1,854,113
   
245,809
   
40,050,466
 
At January 1, 2007
   
21,374,816
   
13,365,309
   
1,945,655
   
1,598,204
   
240,884
   
38,524,868
 
 
F-54

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED)

 
 
Aircraft, engines and
flight equipment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owned
 
Held under finance lesses
 
Buildings
 
Other property, plant and equipment
 
Construction in progress
 
Total
 
 
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation or cost
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
At January 1, 2007
   
33,451,614
   
21,102,596
   
2,739,246
   
3,513,913
   
245,809
   
61,053,178
 
Reclassification upon purchase
   
3,756,521
   
(3,756,521
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Transfers from construction in progress  
   
-
   
-
   
84,402
   
91,269
   
(175,671
)
 
-
 
Transfers from advanced payments on acquisition of aircraft (Note 19)
   
189,402
   
4,920,311
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
5,109,713
 
Other additions
   
1,792,499
   
6,026,343
   
51,276
   
380,211
   
406,350
   
8,656,679
 
Disposals to a jointly controlled entity (Note 21)
   
-
   
-
   
(28,489
)
 
(2,773
)
 
-
   
(31,262
)
Transfers to non-current assets held for sale (Note (b) and 37)
   
(2,945,092
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(2,945,092
)
Other disposals
   
(788,727
)
 
(237,973
)
 
(33,781
)
 
(99,386
)
 
-
   
(1,159,867
)
At December 31, 2007
   
35,456,217
   
28,054,756
   
2,812,654
   
3,883,234
   
476,488
   
70,683,349
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Accumulated depreciation
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
At January 1, 2007
   
13,977,568
   
4,783,272
   
582,072
   
1,659,800
   
-
   
21,002,712
 
Reclassification upon purchase
   
1,768,786
   
(1,768,786
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Charge for the year
   
2,268,230
   
1,913,831
   
103,622
   
394,683
   
-
   
4,680,366
 
Disposals to a jointly controlled entity (Note 21)
   
-
   
-
   
(5,562
)
 
(1,426
)
 
-
   
(6,988
)
Transfers to non-current assets held for sale (Note (b) and 37)
   
(1,444,395
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(1,444,395
)
Other disposals
   
(786,032
)
 
(237,973
)
 
(6,240
)
 
(66,305
)
 
-
   
(1,096,550
)
At December 31, 2007
   
15,784,157
   
4,690,344
   
673,892
   
1,986,752
   
-
   
23,135,145
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Net book amount
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
At December 31, 2007
   
19,672,060
   
23,364,412
   
2,138,762
   
1,896,482
   
476,488
   
47,548,204
 
At January 1, 2007
   
19,474,046
   
16,319,324
   
2,157,174
   
1,854,113
   
245,809
   
40,050,466
 
 
F-55

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
17.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED)
 
Notes:
(a)
On December 31, 2007, the Group’s property, plant and equipment were carried at their revalued amounts and costs less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss. Had the property, plant and equipment of the Group and the Company been stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, the carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment would have been as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
           
At December 31
   
39,722,018
   
47,227,254
 

(b)
In 2006 and 2007, the Board of Directors passed resolutions to dispose of certain aircraft and the related equipment and have been actively seeking buyers. The relevant assets have been reclassified as “Non-current assets held for sale” at December 31, 2006 and 2007 (Note 37).

(c)
As at December 31, 2007, aircraft owned by the Group with an aggregate net book amount of approximately RMB9,923 million (2006: RMB9,110 million) were pledged as collateral under certain loan arrangements (Note 29).
 
F-56

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
18.
LEASE PREPAYMENTS

   
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
           
Cost
             
At January 1
   
1,134,644
   
1,247,104
 
Additions through business acquisitions
   
75,302
   
-
 
Other additions
   
37,158
   
-
 
Disposals to a jointly controlled entity (Note 21)
   
-
   
(70,149
)
Other disposals
   
-
   
(1,851
)
At December 31
   
1,247,104
   
1,175,104
 
               
Accumulated amortization
             
At January 1
   
161,873
   
192,742
 
Charge for the year
   
30,869
   
24,847
 
Disposals to a jointly controlled entity (Note 21)
   
-
   
(9,119
)
Other disposals
   
-
   
(863
)
At December 31
   
192,742
   
207,607
 
               
Net book amount
             
At December 31
   
1,054,362
   
967,497
 

 
Lease prepayments represent unamortized prepayments for land use rights.

The Group’s land use rights are located in the PRC and the majority of these land use rights have terms of 50 years from the date of grant. As at December 31, 2007, the majority of these land use rights had remaining terms ranging from 39 to 54 years (2006: from 40 to 55 years).

19.
ADVANCED PAYMENTS ON ACQUISITION OF AIRCRAFT

   
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At January 1
   
9,072,673
   
7,668,708
 
Additions
   
4,560,694
   
3,737,079
 
Interest capitalised (Note 11)  
   
424,316
   
399,499
 
Transfers to property,  plant and equipment (Note 17)
   
(6,388,975
)
 
(5,109,713
)
At December 31
   
7,668,708
   
6,695,573
 

Included in the Group’s balance sheet as at December 31, 2007 is accumulated interest capitalised of RMB553 million (2006: RMB516 million), at an average interest rate of 5.90% (2006: 5.72%).
 
F-57

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
20.
INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES

   
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Unlisted investments, at cost
   
544,266
   
425,817
 
Share of post acquisition results/reserves
   
79,124
   
175,302
 
     
623,390
   
601,119
 

The movement on investments in associates is as follows:

   
December 31
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At January 1
   
629,746
   
623,390
 
Reduction as a result of the acquisition of a controlling interest in an associate (note 38 (d))
   
(109,922
)
 
-
 
Disposal of an indirectly held associate (note 38(c))
   
-
   
(102,750
)
Share of results
   
103,566
   
58,312
 
Share of revaluation surplus for available for sale investments held by associates
   
-
   
22,167
 
At December 31
   
623,390
   
601,119
 
 
F-58

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
20.
INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES (CONTINUED)

Particulars of the principal associates, all of which are limited liability companies established and operating in the PRC, are as follows:

Company
 
Place and
date of
establishment
 
Paid-up
capital
 
Attributable
Equity
interest
 
Principal
activities
 
       
2006
 
2007
 
2006
 
2007
     
       
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
             
                           
Eastern Air Group Finance Co., Ltd.  (“EAGF”)
   
PRC
December 6, 1995
   
400,000
   
400,000
   
25
%
 
25
%
 
Provision of financial
services to group companies of CEA Holding
 
                                       
China Eastern Air Catering Investment Co., Ltd.
   
PRC
November 17, 2003
   
350,000
   
350,000
   
45
%
 
45
%
 
Provision of air catering
services
 
                                       
Jiangsu Huayu General Aviation Co., Ltd.
   
PRC
December 1, 2004
   
110,000
   
110,000
   
27
%
 
27
%
 
Provision of aviation support
services
 
                                       
Eastern Aviation Import & Export Co., Ltd (“EAIEC”)
   
PRC
June 9, 1993
   
80,000
   
80,000
   
45
%
 
45
%
 
Provision of aviation
equipment, spare parts and tools trading
 
                                       
Collins Aviation Maintenance Service Shanghai Ltd.
   
PRC
September 27, 2002
   
57,980
   
57,980
   
35
%
 
35
%
 
Provision of airline electronic
product maintenance services
 
                                       
Shanghai Dongmei Aviation Travel Co., Ltd. (“SDATC”)
   
PRC
October 17, 2004
   
31,000
   
31,000
   
27
%
 
27
%
 
Provision of traveling and
accommodation agency services
 
                                       
Shanghai Hongpu Civil Airport Communication Co., Ltd.
   
PRC
October 18, 2002
   
25,000
   
25,000
   
30
%
 
30
%
 
Provision of cable and
wireless communication services
 
                                       
Eastern Aviation Advertising Service Co., Ltd.
   
PRC
4 March 1986
   
10,320
   
10,320
   
45
%
 
45
%
 
Provision of aviation
advertising agency services
 
                                       
Qingdao Liuting International Airport Co., Ltd. (Note)
   
PRC
December 1, 2000
   
450,000
   
-
   
25
%
 
-
   
Provision of airport operation
services
 
 
F-59

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

20.
INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES (CONTINUED)

    Notes:

The associate was disposed in November 2007 (note 38(c)).

Note:

The Group’s aggregated share of the revenues, results, assets and liabilities of its associates are as follows:

   
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Revenues
 
Profit/(loss)
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                   
2006
   
1,728,739
   
1,105,449
   
1,221,191
   
103,566
 
2007
   
2,194,818
   
1,593,699
   
919,495
   
58,312
 
 
21.
INVESTMENTS IN JOINTLY CONTROLLED ENTITIES

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Unlisted investments, at cost
   
59,552
   
268,892
 
Share of post-acquisition results/reserves  
   
55,988
   
68,074
 
     
115,540
   
336,966
 

The movement on investments in jointly controlled entities is as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At January 1
   
100,520
   
115,540
 
Cost of additional investment (Note)
   
-
   
209,340
 
Dividend received during the year
   
(14,575
)
 
(18,000
)
Share of results
   
29,595
   
30,086
 
At December 31
   
115,540
   
336,966
 

Note:

In 2007, the Company proportionally contributed additional capital of RMB242 million which was comprised of land use rights, fixed assets at valuation of RMB150 million and cash of RMB92 million to a jointly controlled entity, Shanghai Technologies Aerospace Co., Ltd.. The carrying amount of land use rights and fixed assets were RMB61 million and RMB24 million respectively upon contribution. The gain on contribution after eliminating the unrecogrised portion attributable to the Group’s interests in the jointly controlled entity was RMB32 million and was recognized in the income statement. In the meantime, the another joint venture partner of the jointly controlled entity contributed the capital proportionally and the Company’s interest in the joint venture remained unchanged after the contribution.
 
F-60

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
21.
INVESTMENTS IN JOINTLY CONTROLLED ENTITIES (CONTINUED)

Particulars of the principal jointly controlled entities, all of which are limited liability companies established and operating in the PRC are as follows:

Company
 
Place and
date of
establishment
 
Paid-up
capital
 
Attributable
Equity
interest
 
Principal
activities
 
       
2006
 
2007
 
2006
 
2007
     
       
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
             
Shanghai Technologies Aerospace Co., Ltd. (“STA”) (Note (a))
   
PRC
September 28, 2004
   
113,843
   
576,795
   
51
%
 
51
%
 
Provision of repair and
maintenance services
 
                                       
Shanghai Eastern Union Aviation Wheels & Brakes maintenance services Overhaul Engineering Co., Ltd (“Wheels & Brakes”)
   
PRC
December 28, 1995
   
17,484
   
17,484
   
40
%
 
40
%
 
Provision of spare parts
repair and maintenance services
 
                                       
Eastern China Kaiya System Integration
Co., Ltd.
   
PRC
May 21, 1999
   
10,000
   
10,000
   
41
%
 
41
%
 
Provision of computer
systems development
 
 
Notes:

(a)
Under the Joint Venture Agreement dated March 10, 2003, the Company and the joint venture partner of STA have agreed to jointly control over the economic activities of STA, any strategic financial and operating decisions relating to the activities of STA require the unanimous consent of the Company and the other joint venture partner.

(b)
The Group’s aggregated share of the revenues, results, assets and liabilities of its jointly controlled entities is as follows:

   
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Revenues
 
Profit/(loss)
 
 
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
2006
   
241,019
   
125,479
   
171,471
   
29,595
 
2007
   
382,501
   
45,535
   
205,188
   
30,086
 
 
F-61

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
22.
Other long-term assets

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Deposits relating to aircraft under operating leases (Note (a))
   
532,878
   
508,903
 
Deposits relating to aircraft under finance leases - long term portion (Note (b))
   
389,871
   
-
 
Prepaid staff benefits (Note (c))
   
54,898
   
40,567
 
Rental and renovation deposits
   
31,338
   
33,032
 
Other long-term receivables
   
90,280
   
78,249
 
     
1,099,265
   
660,751
 

Notes:

(a)
The fair value of deposits relating to aircraft under operating leases of the Group is RMB441 million (2006: RMB480 million), which is determined using the expected future payments discounted at market interest rates prevailing at the year end of 2.4%-3.06% (2006: 2.5%-4.0%).

(b)
The deposits are pledged as collateral under certain finance lease arrangements (Note 28). The fair value of deposits relating to aircraft under finance leases of the Group is RMB420 million (2006: RMB1,249 million), which is determined using the expected future payments discounted at market interest rates prevailing at the year end of 2.4% (2006: 2.6%). The deposits are caused at amortized cost.

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Deposits relating to aircraft under finance leases
   
1,199,250
   
419,604
 
Less: Deposits relating to aircraft under finance leases - current portion (Note 24)
   
(809,379
)
 
(419,604
)
Deposits relating to aircraft under finance leases - Long term portion
   
389,871
   
-
 

(c)
Prepaid staff benefits represent subsidies to certain employees as an encouragement to purchase motor vehicles. The employees are required to serve the Group for six years from the date of receipt of the subsidies. If the employee leaves before the end of the six-year period, a refund by the employee is required calculated on a pro-rata basis. These subsidies are amortized over six years on a straight-line basis.
 
F-62

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
23.
TRADE RECEIVABLES AND NOTES RECEIVABLE  
 
The credit terms given to trade customers are determined on an individual basis, with the credit periods generally ranging from half a month to two months.

The aging analysis of trade receivables and notes receivable is as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Within 90 days
   
1,506,219
   
1,761,799
 
91 to 180 days
   
118,323
   
104,991
 
181 to 365 days
   
88,342
   
187,355
 
Over 365 days
   
97,303
   
101,769
 
     
1,810,187
   
2,155,914
 
Less: provision for impairment of receivables
   
(90,405
)
 
(59,907
)
     
1,719,782
   
2,096,007
 

The carrying amounts of the trade receivables approximate their fair value.

Trade receivables that were neither past due nor impaired relate to a large number of independent sales agents for whom there is no recent history of default.

As of December 31, 2007, trade receivables of RMB360 million (2006: RMB343 million) were past due but not impaired. These relate to a number of independent sales agents for whom there is good track record with the Group. The Group holds cash deposit of RMB202 million (2006: RMB267 million) as collateral against these trade receivables. The ageing analysis of these trade receivables is as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Up to 6 months overdue
   
269,727
   
202,238
 
6 to 12 months overdue
   
73,979
   
157,850
 
     
343,706
   
360,088
 
 
F-63

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
23.
TRADE RECEIVABLES AND NOTES RECEIVABLE (CONTINUED)

As of December 31, 2007, trade receivables of RMB44 million (2006: RMB72 million) were impaired and fully provided for. The remaining impaired trade receivables relate to customers that were in financial difficulties and only a portion of the receivables is expected to be recovered. The factors considered by management in determining the impairment are described in Note 2(r).

The ageing of these receivables is as follows:
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
12 to 24 months overdue
   
25,560
   
26,734
 
Over 24 months overdue
   
71,743
   
75,035
 
     
97,303
   
101,769
 

Movements on the group provision for impairment of trade receivables are as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At January 1
   
93,010
   
90,405
 
Receivables written off during the year as uncollectible
   
-
   
(4,009
)
Unused amounts reversed
   
(2,605
)
 
(26,489
)
At December 31
   
90,405
   
59,907
 
 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s trade receivables are denominated in the following currencies:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Currency
             
Renminbi
   
1,480,012
   
1,800,355
 
US Dollar
   
85,129
   
89,944
 
HK Dollar
   
67,803
   
80,246
 
Euro
   
38,698
   
54,185
 
Korea Won
   
21,217
   
41,538
 
Japanese Yen
   
4,270
   
1,323
 
Other currencies
   
22,653
   
28,416
 
     
1,719,782
   
2,096,007
 
 
The net impact of creation and release of provisions for impaired receivables have been included in ‘Provision for impairment of trade and other receivables’ in the income statement (Note 9). Amounts charged to the provision account are generally written off when there is no expectation of recovering additional cash.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying amount of receivables shown above.
 
F-64

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
24.
PREPAYMENTS, DEPOSITS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Rebates receivable on aircraft acquisitions
   
627,640
   
929,652
 
Deposits relating to aircraft under finance leases - current portion  (Note 22(b))
   
809,379
   
419,604
 
Ground service fee
   
286,442
   
337,166
 
Prepaid aircraft operating lease rentals
   
275,073
   
256,069
 
Rental deposits
   
119,376
   
130,348
 
Custom duties and value added tax recoverable 
   
126,587
   
88,747
 
Prepayment for acquisition of flight equipment and other assets
   
127,446
   
60,325
 
Deposits with banks and a financial institution with original maturity over three months but less than a year (Note (a))
   
38,343
   
52,843
 
Others
   
348,779
   
280,895
 
     
2,759,065
   
2,555,649
 
Notes:

 
(a)
As at December 31, 2007, the effective interest rate on deposits with banks with original maturity over three months but less than a year was 0.7% (2006: 0.7%).

25.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s and Company’s cash and cash equivalents are denominated in the following currencies:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
US Dollars
   
435,944
   
736,951
 
Renminbi
   
1,251,901
   
585,797
 
Euro
   
66,454
   
92,205
 
Japanese Yen
   
68,950
   
70,996
 
Canadian Dollars
   
14,525
   
25,332
 
Pounds Sterling
   
17,416
   
16,141
 
Australian Dollars
   
7,563
   
14,991
 
Singapore Dollars
   
13,032
   
1,116
 
Others
   
111,701
   
111,715
 
     
1,987,486
   
1,655,244
 
 
26.
Trade payables and notes payable
 
The aging analysis of trade payables and notes payable is as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Within 90 days
   
2,707,474
   
1,465,079
 
91 to 180 days
   
2,030,629
   
1,126,091
 
181 to 365 days
   
243,296
   
449,391
 
Over 365 days
   
45,365
   
97,319
 
     
5,026,764
   
3,137,880
 

As at December 31, 2007, all notes payable totaling RMB1,616 million (2006: RMB3,471 million) were unsecured, beared discount rates ranged from 3.5% to 5.5% (2006: 2.4% to 3.3%) and all notes are repayable within six months.
 
F-65


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
27.
OTHER PAYABLES AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Accrued fuel cost
   
1,824,714
   
2,348,932
 
Accrued aircraft overhaul expenses
   
834,075
   
1,184,529
 
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits
   
580,643
   
1,067,245
 
Accrued take-off and landing charges
   
1,022,127
   
1,036,423
 
Other accrued operating expenses
   
899,200
   
928,267
 
Duties and levies payable
   
1,037,429
   
858,966
 
Staff housing allowance (Note 33(b))
   
-
   
363,110
 
Deposits received from ticketing agents
   
448,176
   
339,064
 
Current portion of other long-term liabilities (Note 31)
   
104,241
   
135,859
 
Staff housing fund payable (Note 33(a))
   
123,277
   
135,212
 
Current portion of post-retirement benefit obligations (Note 32(b))
   
30,724
   
34,425
 
Other payables
   
968,997
   
1,192,459
 
     
7,873,603
   
9,624,491
 
 
F-66


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
28.
Obligations under finance leases

At December 31, 2007, the Group had 55 aircraft (2006: 46) under finance leases. Under the terms of the leases, the Group has the option to purchase, at or near the end of the lease terms, certain aircraft at fair market value and others at either fair market value or a percentage of the respective lessors’ defined cost of the aircraft. The obligations under finance leases are principally denominated in US Dollars.

The future minimum lease payments (including interest), and the present value of the minimum lease payments under finance leases are as follows:
 
   
December 31,2006
 
December 31,2007
 
   
Minimum
lease
payments
 
Interest
 
Present value
of minimum
lease
payments
 
Minimum
lease
payments
 
Interest
 
Present
value of
minimum
lease
payments
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Within one year
   
3,447,738
   
546,904
   
2,900,834
   
3,356,665
   
811,442
   
2,545,223
 
In the second year
   
2,371,076
   
430,139
   
1,940,937
   
2,206,135
   
638,882
   
1,567,253
 
In the third to fifth year inclusive
   
3,514,758
   
912,607
   
2,602,151
   
5,714,466
   
1,509,114
   
4,205,352
 
After the fifth year
   
5,173,152
   
667,598
 
4,505,554
 
9,331,048
   
1,196,666
   
8,134,382
 
Total
   
14,506,724
   
2,557,248
   
11,949,476
   
20,608,314
   
4,156,104
   
16,452,210
 
Less:   - amount repayable  within one year
   
(3,348,020
)
 
(544,064
)
 
(2,803,956
)
 
(3,356,665
)
 
(811,442
)
 
(2,545,223
)
- amount reclassified to non-current liabilities held for sale
   
(99,718
)
 
(2,840
)
 
(96,878
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
 
Long-term portion
   
11,058,986
   
2,010,344
   
9,048,642
   
17,251,649
   
3,344,662
   
13,906,987
 
 
The fair values of obligations under finance leases of the Group are RMB16,577million (2006: RMB11,550 million), which are determined using the expected future payments discounted at market interest rates prevailing at the year end of 4.77% to 7.34% (2006: 2.5% to 7.0%).

At December 31, 2007, the Group had bank deposits totaling RMB420 million (2006: RMB1,249 million) pledged as collateral under certain finance lease arrangements (Note 22(b)).
 
F-67

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
29.
BORROWINGS

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Long-term bank borrowings
             
– secured
   
6,655,850
   
4,767,233
 
– unsecured
   
8,276,257
   
9,907,593
 
     
14,932,107
   
14,674,826
 
               
Less: current portion
   
2,840,694
   
3,305,519
 
Non-current portion
   
12,091,413
   
11,369,307
 
                 
Short-term bank borrowings
   
13,175,633
   
15,189,002
 
               
The borrowings are repayable as follows:
             
Within one year
   
16,016,327
   
18,494,521
 
In the second year
   
3,053,315
   
5,927,098
 
In the third to fifth year inclusive
   
7,560,389
   
4,216,517
 
After the fifth year
   
1,477,709
   
1,225,692
 
     
28,107,740
   
29,863,828
 

As at December 31, 2007, the secured bank borrowings of the Group for the purchases of aircraft were secured by the related aircraft with an aggregate net book amount of RMB9,923 million (2006: RMB9,110 million) (Note 17).

Certain unsecured bank borrowings of the Group totaling of RMB1,008 million (2006: RMB695 million) were guaranteed by CEA Holding (Note 40(c)).
 
Short-term borrowings of the Group are repayable within one year with interest charged at the prevailing market rates based on the rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China. As at December 31, 2007, the interest rates relating to such borrowings ranged from 4.38% to 6.72% per annum (2006: 4.39% to 6.12% per annum). During the year ended December 31, 2007, the weighted average interest rate on short-term bank loans was 5.75 % per annum (2006: 5.60% per annum).
 
F-68

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
29.
BORROWINGS (CONTINUED)

The terms of the long-term bank borrowings are summarised as follows:

Currency
 
Interest rate and final maturities
 
2006
 
2007
       
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
RMB denominated
 
Interest rates ranging from 4.52% to 7.64% per annum with final maturities through to 2017.
 
5,707,500
 
6,132,551
             
U.S. dollar denominated
 
Interest rates ranging from 5.55% to 6.15% per annum with final maturities through to 2019
 
9,124,607
 
8,418,967
             
EURO denominated
 
Interest rate is 6 months LIBOR +0.6% with final maturity through 2010.
 
100,000
 
123,308
             
Total long-term bank borrowings
     
14,932,107
 
14,674,826

The fair value of long-term borrowings of the Group is RMB14,111 million (2006: RMB15,397 million), which is determined using the expected future payments discounted at market interest rates prevailing at the year end of 7.71% (2006: 4.5%).
 
The carrying amounts of the borrowings are denominated in the following currencies:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Renminbi
   
11,309,419
   
12,528,550
 
US Dollars
   
16,698,321
   
17,196,836
 
Euro
   
100,000
   
130,145
 
HK Dollar
   
-
   
8,297
 
     
28,107,740
   
29,863,828
 
 
F-69

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
30.
PROVISION FOR AIRCRAFT OVERHAUL EXPENSES

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At January 1
   
403,999
   
510,621
 
Additions through the acquisition of a controlling interest in an associate
   
23,994
   
-
 
Additional provisions
   
150,390
   
446,289
 
Utilization
   
(67,762
)
 
-
 
At December 31
   
510,621
   
956,910
 
Less: current portion
   
(20,900
)
 
-
 
Long-term portion
   
489,721
   
956,910
 
 
Provision of aircraft overhaul expenses represents the present value of estimated costs of return condition checks for aircraft under operating leases as the Group has the responsibility to fulfill certain return conditions under relevant leases.

31.
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Long-term duties and levies payable
   
218,435
   
584,791
 
Long-term payable to the Bureau of 2010 Expo Shanghai (Note 16(b))
   
278,680
   
232,811
 
Long-term payable to Aviation China Civil Flight Institute
   
90,000
   
60,000
 
Deferred gains on sale and leaseback transactions of aircraft
   
33,605
   
21,011
 
Other long-term payable  
   
98,176
   
101,582
 
     
718,896
   
1,000,195
 
Less: Current portion (Note 27)  
   
(104,241
)
 
(135,859
)
Long-term portion
   
614,655
   
864,336
 
 
F-70

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
32.
RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS AND POST-RETIREMENT BENEFITS

(a)
Defined contribution retirement schemes

(i)
Pension

The Group companies participate in defined contribution retirement schemes organised by municipal governments of the various provinces in which the Group companies operate, and substantially all of the Group’s PRC employees are eligible to participate in the Group companies’ retirement schemes. The Group companies are required to make annual contributions to the schemes at rates ranging from 20% to 22% on the employees’ prior year salary and allowances. Employees are required to contribute to the schemes at rate 8% of their basic salaries. The Group has no other material obligation for the payment of retirement benefits beyond the annual contributions under these schemes. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group’s pension cost charged to the consolidated income statement amounted to RMB296 million (2006: RMB238 million, 2005: RMB228 million).

(ii)
Medical insurance

The majority of the Group’s PRC employees participate in the medical insurance schemes organised by the municipal governments, under which the Group and its employees are required to contribute to the scheme approximately 12% and 2%, respectively, of the employee’s basic salaries. For those employees who participate in these schemes, the Group has no other obligation for the payment of medical expense beyond the annual contributions. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group’s medical insurance contributions charged to the income statement amounted to RMB77 million (2006: RMB60 million, 2005: RMB52 million).

(b)
Post-retirement benefits

In addition to the above retirement schemes, the Group provides retirees with other post-retirement benefits including transportation subsidies, social function activities subsidies and others. The expected cost of providing these post-retirement benefits is actuarially determined and recognized by using the projected unit credit method, which involves a number of assumptions and estimates, including inflation rate, discount rate and employees’ turnover ratio.
 
F-71

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
32.
RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS AND POST-RETIREMENT BENEFITS (CONTINUED)

The post-retirement benefit obligations recognized in the balance sheets are as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Present value of unfunded post-retirement benefit obligations 
   
1,892,926
   
2,155,393
 
Unrecognized actuarial losses
   
(569,242
)
 
(750,266
)
Post-retirement benefit obligations
   
1,323,684
   
1,405,127
 
Less: current portion (Note 27)
   
(30,724
)
 
(34,425
)
Long-term portion
   
1,292,960
   
1,370,702
 

Changes in post-retirement benefit obligations are as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At January 1
   
1,238,702
   
1,323,684
 
Charged to income statement (Note 8)
   
146,968
   
170,670
 
Payments
   
(61,986
)
 
(89,227
)
At December 31
   
1,323,684
   
1,405,127
 
 
F-72


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
32.
RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS AND POST-RETIREMENT BENEFITS (CONTINUED)
 
 
(b)
Post-retirement benefits (Continued)
 
The costs of post-retirement benefits are recognized under wages, salaries and benefits in the income statement as follows:

   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Current service cost
 
 56,436
   
63,957
   
73,416
 
Interest cost
 
 45,200
 
 
72,435
   
83,858
 
Actuarial losses recognized
 
 823
   
10,576
   
13,396
 
Total (Note 8)
 
102,459
   
146,968
   
170,670
 

The principal actuarial assumptions at the balance sheet date are as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
Discount rate
   
3.75
%
 
4.75
%
Annual rate of increase of per capita benefit payment
   
1.5
%
 
2.5
%
Employee turnover rate
   
3.0
%
 
3.0
%
Mortality rate
   
8.84
%
 
8.43
%

33.
STAFF HOUSING BENEFITS

(a)
Staff housing fund

In accordance with the PRC housing reform regulations, the Group is required to contribute to the State-sponsored housing fund at rates ranging from 7% to 15% (2006: 7% to 15%) of the specified salary amount of its PRC employees. At the same time, the employees are required to contribute an amount equal to the Group’s contribution. The employees are entitled to claim the entire sum of the fund contributed under certain specified withdrawal circumstances. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group’s contributions to the housing funds amounted to RMB285 million (2006: RMB228 million, 2005: RMB195 million) which has been charged to the income statement. The staff housing fund payable as at December 31, 2007 amounted to RMB135 million (2006: RMB123 million) (Note 27). The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods.

(b)
Staff housing allowances

In addition to the above staff housing fund contributed to the state sponsored housing fund, the Group also provides staff housing allowances to eligible employees who have not been allocated with any housing quarters or who have not been allocated with a quarter above the minimum as set out in the Group’s staff housing allowance policy introduced in October 2003 (the “Policy”) based on the area of quarter to which they are entitled and the unit price as set out in the Policy.
 
F-73


CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
33.
STAFF HOUSING BENEFITS (CONTINUED)

The total entitlement is principally vested over a period of 20 years. Upon an employee’s resignation, his or her entitlement will cease and any unpaid entitlement related to past service up to the date of resignation will be paid. As at December 31, 2007, the present obligation of the provision for employee’s staff housing entitlement is RMB363 million (2006: RMB439 million).

For the year ended December 31, 2007, the staff housing benefits provided under the Policy amounted to RMB53 million (2006: RMB31 million, 2005: RMB36 million) which has been charged to the income statement (Note 8).

34.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

   
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
At December 31
                         
Interest rate swaps (Note (a))
   
118,689
   
33,232
   
36,392
   
39,542
 
Forward foreign exchange contracts (Note (b))  
   
8,290
   
2,847
   
4,962
   
1,719
 
Fuel option contracts (Note (c))
   
59,822
   
59,468
   
97,464
   
535
 
Total
   
186,801
   
95,547
   
138,818
   
41,796
 
Less: current portion
                         
Interest rate swaps
   
(45,420
)
 
(27,155
)
 
(22,296
)
 
(17,984
)
Forward foreign exchange contracts
   
(8,290
)
 
(2,847
)
 
(4,962
)
 
(1,719
)
Fuel option contracts
   
(59,822
)
 
(59,468
)
 
(97,464
)
 
(535
)
     
(113,532
)
 
(89,470
)
 
(124,722
)
 
(20,238
)
Non-current portion
   
73,269
   
6,077
   
14,096
   
21,558
 

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the fair value of the derivative assets in the balance sheet.
 
F-74

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
34.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)

Notes:

(a)
Interest rate swaps

The Group uses interest rate swaps to reduce the risk of changes in market interest rates (Note 3(a)(ii)). The interest rate swaps entered into by the Group are generally for swapping variable rates, usually referenced to LIBOR, into fixed rates. The Group’s interest rate swaps qualify for hedge accounting and are accounted for as cashflow hedges. As at December 31, 2007, the notional amount of the outstanding interest rate swap agreements was approximately US$624 million (2006: US$631 million). These agreements will expire between 2008 and 2016. For the year ended December 31, 2007, a net loss of RMB80 million (2006: RMB4 million) arising from changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps subsequent to initial recognition has been recognized directly in the hedging reserve (Note 36).

(b)
Forward foreign exchange contracts

The Group uses currency forward contracts to reduce risk of changes in currency exchange rates in respect of ticket sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies (Note 3(a)(i)). These contracts are generally for selling Japanese Yen and purchasing U.S. dollars at fixed exchange rates. As at December 31, 2007, the notional amount of the outstanding currency forward contracts was approximately US$33 million (2006: US$33 million), which will expire between 2008 and 2010. For the year ended December 31, 2007, a net gain of RMB2 million (2006: a net gain of RMB6 million) arising from changes in the fair value of these foreign currency forwards has been recognized directly in the hedging reserve (Note 36).

(c)
Fuel option contracts

The Group uses fuel option contracts to reduce the risk of changes in market oil/petroleum prices in connection with aircraft fuel costs. As at December 31, 2007, the Group had outstanding fuel option contracts to buy approximately 7,980,000 barrels of crude oil at prices which ranged from US$50 to US$95 per barrel and to sell approximately 2,300,000 barrels of crude oil at prices which ranged from US$43 to US$115 per barrel, all of which will expire between 2008 and 2009. Management did not designate these fuel option contracts for hedge accounting and changes in fair values have been recognized directly in the income statement.
 
F-75

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

35.
SHARE CAPITAL

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Registered, issued and fully paid of RMB1.00 each
             
Unlisted shares held by CEA Holding and employees
   
3,000,000
   
-
 
Circulating shares with restricted transfer held by CEA Holding and employees
   
-
   
2,904,000
 
A shares listed on The Shanghai Stock Exchange
   
300,000
   
396,000
 
H shares listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited  
   
1,566,950
   
1,566,950
 
     
4,866,950
   
4,866,950
 

Pursuant to articles 49 and 50 of the Company’s Articles of Association, each of the unlisted shares, the listed A shares and the listed H shares are all registered ordinary shares and carry equal rights.

On January 4, 2007, the Company’s share reform plan was approved by the Ministry of Commerce and implemented on January 9, 2007. In this connection, CEA Holding granted 96 million shares in total to the holders of the circulating shares and the original non-circulating shares held by CEA Holding were granted the status of listing subject to certain circulating conditions.
 
F-76

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
36.
RESERVES

   
Share premium
 
Statutory and discretionary reserve (Note (a))
 
Revaluation reserve
 
Capital reserve (Note (b))
 
Hedging reserve (Note 36)
 
Accumulated losses
 
Total
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
                               
At January 1, 2006
   
1,006,455
   
407,842
   
490,688
   
(720,057
)
 
44,726
   
(539
)
 
1,229,115
 
Unrealized gains on cashflow hedges (Note 34)
                                           
  – gross
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
12,774
   
-
   
12,774
 
  – tax
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(1,916
)
 
-
   
(1,916
)
Realized gains on cashflow hedges (Note 34)
                                           
  – gross
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(2,843
)
 
-
   
(2,843
)
  – tax
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
426
   
-
   
426
 
Revaluation reserve, net of tax, arising from acquisition of a controlling interest in an associate
   
-
   
-
   
23,816
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
23,816
 
Loss attributable to equity holders of the Company  
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(3,313,425
)
 
(3,313,425
)
Transfer from retained profits to reserves (Note (a))
   
-
   
20,966
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(20,966
)
 
-
 
                                                    
At December 31, 2006
   
1,006,455
   
428,808
   
514,504
   
(720,057
)
 
53,167
   
(3,334,930
)
 
(2,052,053
)
                                             
At January 1, 2007
   
1,006,455
   
428,808
   
514,504
   
(720,057
)
 
53,167
   
(3,334,930
)
 
(2,052,053
)
Unrealized gains on cashflow hedges (Note 34)
                                           
  – gross
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(79,783
)
 
-
   
(79,783
)
  – tax
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Realized gains on cashflow hedges (Note 34)
                                           
  – gross
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
1,586
   
-
   
1,586
 
  – tax
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Revaluation of available for sale investments in associates
   
22,167
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
22,167
 
Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
268,896
   
268,896
 
Adjustments to statutory and discretionary (Note(a))
   
-
   
(428,808
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
428,808
   
-
 
                                             
At December 31, 2007
   
1,028,622
   
-
   
514,504
   
(720,057
)
 
(25,030
)
 
(2,637,226
)
 
(1,839,187
)
 
F-77

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
36.
Reserves (continued)

Notes:

(a)
Statutory and Discretionary Reserves

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Statutory common reserve fund
   
400,819
   
-
 
Discretionary common reserve fund
   
27,989
   
-
 
     
428,808
   
-
 

Pursuant to the PRC regulations and the Group companies’ Articles of Association, each of the Group companies is required to transfer 10% of its profit for the year, as determined under the PRC Accounting Regulations, to a statutory common reserve fund until the fund balance exceeds 50% of the Group company’s registered capital. The statutory common reserve fund can be used to make good previous years’ losses, if any, and to issue new shares to shareholders in proportion to their existing shareholdings or to increase the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the registered capital.

Each of the Group companies is permitted to transfer 5% of its profit for the year as determined under the PRC Accounting Regulations, to a discretionary common reserve fund. The transfer to this reserve is subject to approval at shareholders’ meetings.

No profit appropriation by the Company to the discretionary common reserve fund has been made for the year ended December 31, 2007 (2006: nil).

The Group adopted the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises promulgated by the Ministry of Finance of PRC on February 15, 2006 (the “new PRC GAAP”) from January 1, 2007. According to the relevant requirements under the new PRC GAAP, certain adjustments were made to the retained earnings in previous years upon first-time adoption. While the new PRC GAAP no longer permits the Group’s share of surplus reserves of subsidiaries to be presented on a consolidated basis, an additional adjustment on the transfer is made in the current year.

(b)
Capital reserve

Capital reserve represents the difference between the fair value of the net assets injected and the nominal amount of the Company’s share capital issued in respect of a group restructuring in June 1996.
 
F-78

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
37.
NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

In December 2006, the Board of Directors passed a resolution to dispose of certain older aircraft and related flight equipment in the forthcoming 12-months. Accordingly, these aircraft together with related flight equipment and spare parts were classified as non-current assets held for sale as at December 31, 2006. Despite of the Company’s continuing effort to locate and negotiate with potential buyers, no agreement to dispose these assets has been reached. It is management’s intention to dispose these assets in the forthcoming 12-months and management is continuing to take active step to locate potential buyers of these assets. They have therefore been classified as non-current assets held for sale as of December 31, 2007. An impairment loss of RMB131 million has been recognized in the income statement in relation to these assets.

In addition to the above non-current assets held or sale brought forward from 2006, in August 2007, the Group entered into a sale and leaseback transaction to dispose of certain other older aircraft in the forthcoming 12-months and the transaction was completed in March 2008. The related aircraft have been classified as non-current assets held for sale as of December 31, 2007.

The aggregate carrying amount of non-current assets held for sale as at December 31, 2007 amounted to RMB2,262 million. Liabilities directly associated with these assets held for sale amounted to RMB127 million as at December 31, 2007, representing bank loans with interest rates ranging from 5.02% to 5.55% and final maturities through to 2008. The bank loans are secured by the related aircraft at a net carrying amount of RMB296 million.
 
F-79

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
38.
NOTE TO CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT

(a)
Cash generated from operations

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Profit/(loss) before income tax
   
(577,432
)
 
(3,615,697
)
 
268,266
 
Adjustments for:
                   
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
   
3,911,722
   
4,566,309
   
4,787,069
 
Gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment
   
(8,073
)
 
(36,207
)
 
(674
)
Share of results of associates
   
9,030
   
(103,566
)
 
(58,312
)
Share of results of jointly controlled entities
   
4,300
   
(29,595
)
 
(30,086
)
Amortization of lease prepayments
   
25,219
   
30,869
   
24,847
 
Net foreign exchange gains
   
(414,640
)
 
(888,402
)
 
(2,023,032
)
Amortization of deferred revenue
   
-
   
(13,068
)
 
(12,594
)
Fair value gains on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
   
(30,877
)
 
(17,784
)
 
(96,575
)
Consumption of flight equipment spare parts
   
239,134
   
326,248
   
468,888
 
Allowance for obsolescence of flight equipment spare parts
   
(13,930
)
 
31,734
   
96,535
 
Provision for impairment of trade and other
   
25,325
   
98,156
   
10,481
 
Provision for post-retirement benefits
   
102,459
   
146,968
   
170,670
 
Provision for aircraft overhaul expenses
   
64,700
   
150,390
   
446,289
 
Deficit on revaluation/impairment loss
   
-
   
1,035,343
   
130,921
 
Interest income
   
(128,700
)
 
(120,161
)
 
(96,849
)
Interest expenses
   
1,100,357
   
1,821,870
   
1,978,550
 
Gain on contribution to a jointly controlled entity
   
-
   
-
   
(31,620
)
Gain on disposal of a subsidiary
   
-
   
-
   
(54,441
)
Operating profit before working capital changes
   
4,308,594
   
3,383,407
   
5,978,333
 
 
F-80

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
38.
NOTE TO CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (CONTINUED)

(a)
Cash generated from operations (continued)

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Changes in working capital
                   
Flight equipment spare parts
   
(294,969
)
 
(583,027
)
 
(501,573
)
Trade receivables
   
(112,027
)
 
14,273
   
(368,878
)
Amount due from related companies
   
(83,459
)
 
(147,007
)
 
349,897
 
Prepayments, deposits and other receivables  
   
(287,977
)
 
(502,986
)
 
(336,890
)
Sales in advance of carriage
   
101,490
   
68,510
   
319,550
 
Trade payables and notes payables
   
821,222
   
(182,383
)
 
(33,684
)
Amounts due to related companies     
   
156,062
   
125,327
   
29,571
 
Other payables and accrued expenses  
   
(1,012,881
)
 
1,510,433
   
(194,694
)
Other long-term liabilities
   
(67,764
)
 
23,627
   
(74,081
)
Long-term portion of accrued aircraft overhaul expenses  
   
(110,832
)
 
(67,762
)
 
-
 
Staff housing allowances
   
(18,306
)
 
(35,361
)
 
(76,381
)
Post-retirement benefit obligations
   
(29,370
)
 
(61,986
)
 
(89,227
)
Operating lease deposits
   
-
   
(86,555
)
 
(3,909
)
     
(938,811
)
 
75,103
   
(980,299
)
Cash generated from operations
   
3,369,783
   
3,458,510
   
4,998,034
 

(b)
Non-cash transactions

   
Year ended December 31,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Investing activities not affecting cash:
                   
Sale and leaseback of aircraft
   
-
   
7,940,164
   
-
 
Injection of land use right from minority shareholder of a subsidiary
   
63,063
   
-
   
-
 
Capital contribution to a jointly controlled entity in form of property, plant and equipment
   
51,872
   
-
   
-
 
Financing activities not affecting cash:
                   
Finance lease obligations incurred for acquisition of aircraft  
   
991,640
   
2,350,978
   
8,395,965
 
 
F-81

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
38.
NOTE TO CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (CONTINUED)

(c)
Disposal of a subsidiary

CEA Investment was a subsidiary of the Company in which the Company had 98.79% equity interests.

On November 16, 2007, the Company entered into agreements with CEA Holding to transfer equity interest of 98.79 of CEA Investment for a consideration of RMB462 million. Proforma financial information to reflect the dispose as if it had occurred on January 1, 2007 is not presented as the impact would not have been material to the consolidated financial statements.

Details of net assets acquired and related goodwill are as follows:

   
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
Net assets disposed of:
       
Property, plant and equipment
   
39
 
Investment in associate
   
102,750
 
Other long term investment
   
18,470
 
Deposits and other receivables
   
271,187
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
20,914
 
Trade and other payables
   
(1,200
)
Minority interests
   
(4,685
)
     
407,475
 
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries
   
54,441
 
     
461,916
 

An analysis of the net inflow of cash and cash equivalents in respect of the disposal of subsidiaries is as follows:

   
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
Cash consideration
   
461,916
 
Cash and cash equivalents disposed of
   
(20,914
)
Net inflow of cash and cash equivalents in respect of the disposal of subsidiaries
   
441,002
 
 
F-82

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
38.
NOTE TO CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (CONTINUED)
 
(d)
Acquisition of CEA Wuhan in 2006
 
CEA Wuhan was an associate of the Company in which the Company had 40% equity interests.

On December 8, 2005, the Company entered into agreements with each of Wuhan Municipality State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (“Wuhan SASAC”) and Shanghai Junyao Aviation Investment Company Limited (“Shanghai Junyao”) to acquire (i) equity interests of 38% in CEA Wuhan from Wuhan SASAC for a consideration of RMB278 million, and (ii) equity interests of 18% in CEA Wuhan from Shanghai Junyao for a consideration of RMB140 million, totaling RMB418 million, respectively.
 
F-83

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
38.
NOTE TO CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (CONTINUED)

(d)
Acquisition of CEA Wuhan in 2006 (continued)
 
Details of net assets acquired and related goodwill were as follows:

   
Fair value
 
Acquiree’s
carrying
amount
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Property, plant and equipment
   
677,465
   
588,599
 
Lease prepayments
   
75,302
   
75,302
 
Other long-term and current assets
   
189,456
   
189,456
 
Trade receivables
   
256,808
   
104,808
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
19,266
   
19,266
 
Other long-term and current liabilities
   
(868,797
)
 
(868,797
)
Provision for aircraft overhaul expenses
   
(23,994
)
 
(23,994
)
Deferred tax liabilities
   
(29,326
)
 
-
 
Minority interests in CEA Wunan’s subsidiaries
   
(10,056
)
 
(10,056
)
                 
Net assets
   
286,124
   
74,584
 
Share acquired
   
56
%
     
Net assets acquired
   
160,229
       
Purchase consideration
   
418,000
       
Goodwill
   
257,771
       
               
Cash outflow on business acquisition:
             
Purchase consideration settled in cash
   
418,000
       
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired
   
(19,266
)
     
Purchase consideration paid in prior year
   
(28,000
)
     
               
Cash outflow on business acquisition
   
370,734
       
 
F-84

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
39.
Commitments

(a)
Capital commitments
The Group and the Company had the following capital commitments:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Authorised and contracted for:
             
- Aircraft, engines and flight equipment
   
61,763,771
   
50,852,865
 
- Other property, plant and equipment
   
567,582
   
353,771
 
     
62,331,353
   
51,206,636
 
Authorised but not contracted for:
             
 - Aircraft, engines and flight equipment
   
723,000
   
-
 
 - Other property, plant and equipment
   
7,772,639
   
11,326,338
 
     
8,495,639
   
11,326,338
 
     
70,826,992
   
62,532,974
 
 
Contracted expenditures for the above aircraft and flight equipment, including deposits prior to delivery, subject to future inflation increases built into the contracts and any discounts available upon delivery of the aircraft, if any, were expected to be paid as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Within one year
   
14,894,068
   
17,127,081
 
In the second year
   
18,844,893
   
15,056,943
 
In the third year
   
15,591,463
   
13,960,033
 
In the fourth year
   
12,433,347
   
2,531,964
 
In the fifth year
   
-
   
2,176,844
 
     
61,763,771
   
50,852,865
 
 
F-85

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
39.
COMMITMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
(b)
Operating lease commitments

The Group had commitments under operating leases to pay future minimum lease rentals as follows:

   
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Aircraft, engines and flight equipment
             
Within one year
   
2,795,027
   
2,527,072
 
In the second year
   
2,673,250
   
2,331,741
 
In the third to fifth year inclusive
   
6,253,277
   
4,991,164
 
After the fifth year
   
7,021,741
   
5,341,362
 
     
18,743,295
   
15,191,339
 
Land and buildings
             
Within one year
   
153,487
   
87,410
 
In the second year
   
42,362
   
50,683
 
In the third to fifth year inclusive
   
71,587
   
40,888
 
After the fifth year
   
54,535
   
29,846
 
     
321,971
   
208,827
 
     
19,065,266
   
15,400,166
 
 
F-86

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
40.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Group is part of a larger group of companies under CEA Holding and has extensive transactions and relationships with members of CEA Holding. Related parties refer to entities of which CEA Holding is a shareholder and is able to exercise control or joint control. The transactions were made at prices and terms mutually agreed between the parties. The directors of the Company are of the opinion that the transactions with related parties (see below) during the year were conducted in the usual course of business.

The Group is controlled by CEA Holding, which owns approximately 61.64% of the Company’s shares as at December 31, 2007. The aviation industry in the PRC is administrated by the CAAC. CEA Holding and the Group is ultimately controlled by the PRC government, which also controls a significant portion of the productive assets and entities in the PRC (collectively referred as the “SOEs”).

(a)
Related party transactions
 
The Group sells air tickets through sales agents and is therefore likely to have extensive transactions with other state-controlled enterprises, and the employees and their close family members of SOEs while such employees are on corporate business. These transactions are carried out on normal commercial terms that are consistently applied to all of the Group’s customers. Due to the large volume and the pervasiveness of these transactions, management is unable to determine the aggregate amount of the transactions for disclosure. Therefore, retail transactions with these related parties are not disclosed herein. The Directors of the Company believe that meaningful related party disclosures on these retail transactions have been adequately made.
 
F-87

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
40.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

(a)
Related party transactions (continued)

The other related party transactions are:


         
Income/
(expense or payments)
 
Nature of transaction
 
Related party
   
2006
   
2007
 
         
RMB’000
   
RMB’000
 
With CEA Holding or companies directly or indirectly held by CEA Holding:
                 
                   
Interest income on deposits
 
EAGF*
   
8,036
   
9,717
 
                   
Interest expense on loans
 
EAGF*
   
(23,393
)  
(33,590
                   
Ticket reservation service charges for utilization of computer reservation system
 
Travel Sky Technology Limited
   
(209,572
)  
(241,161
)
                   
Handling charges for purchase of aircraft, flight equipment, flight equipment spare parts, other fixed assets and aircraft repair and maintenance
 
EAIEC*
   
(40,971
)  
(34,643
)
                   
Repairs and maintenance expense for aircraft and engines
 
STA
Wheels & Brakes
   
(126,114
(60,066
)
)
 
(100,270
(56,764
)
)
                   
Disposal of a subsidiary
 
CEA Holding
   
-
   
461,916
 
                   
Supply of food and beverages
 
Shanghai Eastern Air Catering Co., Ltd
   
(213,306
)  
(243,895
)
   
Yunnan Eastern Air Catering Investment Co., Ltd.
   
(31,977
)  
(37,782
)
   
Xian Eastern Air Catering Investment Co., Ltd.
   
(22,821
)  
(28,780
)
   
Qingdao Eastern Air Catering Investment Co., Ltd
   
(16,082
)  
(20,101
)
Advertising expense
 
CAASC
   
(11,583
)  
(14,370
)
 
F-88

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
40.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

(a)
Related party transactions (continued)

       
Income/
(expense or payments)
 
Nature of transaction
 
Related party
 
2006
   
2007
 
       
RMB’000
   
RMB’000
 
Purchase of other fixed assets
 
CEA Northwest
 
-
   
(67,305)
 
                 
Commission expense on air tickets sold on behalf of the Group, at rates ranging from 3% to 9% of the value of tickets sold
 
SDATC*
Shanghai Tourism (HK) Co., Ltd
 
(6,085
)
 
(9,220
 
)
 
       
 (1,491
 
 (6
                 
Automobile maintenance fee
 
CEA Development Co.
 
-
   
(18,754
)
                 
Land and building rental
 
CEA Holding
 
(55,399
)  
(55,399
)

*   EAGF is also a 25% owned associate of the Group; SDATC and EAIEC are both a 45% owned associates of the Group.

       
Income/
(expense or payments)
Nature of transaction
 
Related party
 
2006
 
2007
       
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
With CAAC and its affiliates:
           
             
Civil aviation infrastructure levies paid
 
CAAC
 
696,428
 
781,613
             
Aircraft insurance premiums paid through CAAC which entered into the insurance policy on behalf of the Group
 
CAAC
 
168,972
 
136,875
             
With other SOEs:
           
             
Take-off and landing fee charges
 
State-controlled airports
 
3,876,737
 
4,152,888
             
Purchase of aircraft fuel
 
State-controlled fuel suppliers
 
10,242,349
 
11,120,186
             
Interest income on deposits
 
State-controlled banks
 
18,701
 
15,411
             
Interest expense on loans
 
State-controlled banks
 
1,227,278
 
1,406,812
 
F-89

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
40.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

(a)
Related party transactions (continued)

       
Income/
(expense or payments)
Nature of transaction
 
Related party
 
2006
 
2007
       
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
Commission expense on air tickets sold on behalf of the Group at rates ranging from 3% to 9% of the value of tickets sold
 
other PRC airlines
 
89,977
 
70,285
             
Supply of food and beverages
 
other state-control enterprises
 
469,255
 
511,766

(b)
Balances with related companies
 
(i)
Amount due from related companies

Company  
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
CEA Holding
   
298,287
   
-
 
SDATC
   
30,908
   
16,378
 
Shanghai Tourism (HK) Co., Ltd
   
5,091
   
2,914
 
EAIEC
   
5,090
   
26,166
 
Other related companies
   
13,343
   
19,997
 
Total    
352,719
   
65,455
 

All the amounts due from related companies are trade in nature, interest free and payable within normal credit terms given to trade customers.
 
(ii)
Amount due to related companies

Company  
2006
 
2007
 
   
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
EAIEC
   
(270,514
)  
(470,349
)
CEA Holding
   
(40,338
)  
(40,214
)
Shanghai Eastern Airlines Catering Co. Ltd.
   
(7,261
)  
(60,718
)
Yunnan Eastern Air Catering Investment Co., Ltd.
   
(11,036
)  
(488
)
CAASC     (101 )   (2,550 )
CEA Northwest     -     (64,895 )
Other related companies
   
(19,227
)  
(32,379
)
Total    
(348,477
)  
(671,593
)
 
Except for amounts due to EAGF and CEA Holding, which are reimbursement in nature, all other amounts due to related companies are trade in nature, interest free and payable within normal credit terms given by trade creditors.
 
(iii)
Short-term deposits and short-term loans with an associate-EAGF

   
Average interest rate
         
   
2006
 
2007
 
2006
 
2007
 
           
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Short-term deposits (included in Prepayments, Deposits and Other Receivables)
                         
“EAGF”
   
0.7
%
 
0.7
%
 
755,665
   
408,151
 
Short-term loans (included in Borrowings)
                         
“EAGF”
   
5.1
%
 
5.3
%
 
788,991
   
260,351
 
 
F-90

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
40.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
 
(iv)
State-controlled banks and other financial institutions

   
Average interest rate
         
   
2006
 
2007
 
2006
 
2007
 
           
RMB’000
 
RMB’000
 
Bank deposits (included in cash and cash equivalents)
   
0.7
%
 
0.7
%
 
759,110
   
845,719
 
Long-term bank borrowings
   
5.5
%
 
5.7
%
 
12,825,763
   
13,062,353
 

(c)
Guarantees by holding company

Certain unsecured bank borrowings of the Group totaling of RMB1,008 million (2006: RMB695 million) were guaranteed by CEA Holding (Note 29).
 
F-91

 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
41.
ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY

The Directors regard CEA Holding, a state-owned enterprise established in the PRC, as being the ultimate holding company.

42.
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

In 2005, the family members of certain victims in the aircraft accident (the aircraft was the nowned and operated by China Eastern Air Yunnan Company), which occurred in Baotou on November 21, 2004, sued the Company in a U.S. court for compensation.

On July 5, 2007, pursuant to several conditions with which the Company has complied, the Superior Court of the State of California ordered the action stayed on the grounds of forum non convenience for the purpose of permitting proceedings in the PRC. On February 20, 2008, the plaintiff filed a motion with the Superior Court of the State of California to lift the stay. The case is still pending. The Directors believe that a negative outcome will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

43.
POST BALANCE SHEET EVENT

(a)
On August 29, 2007, the Company convened a board meeting in which the Directors of the Company approved a plan to set up a regional carrier with China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I). On January 24, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with AVIC I agreeing that the regional carrier would have a registered capital of RMB 1 billion in which the Company holds a 40% interest. The new carrier, Xingfu Airlines, was established on March 28, 2008
     
  (b)
On January 20, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with the Boeing Company to purchase 30 737 NG Series aircraft (with engines) at a consideration of approximately US$1.94 billion (approximately RMB13.98 billion).
 
F-92

 
 
 
EXHIBIT 1.1

[ENGLISH TRANSLATION FOR PURPOSES OF REFERENCE ONLY]

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

(Approved by Special Resolution Adopted at the 2006 Shareholders'
Annual General Meeting)

June 29, 2007
Shanghai, PRC

 
 

 
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
OF CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED
 

Chapter 1
General Provisions
Chapter 2
Purposes and Scope of Business
Chapter 3
Shares and Registered Capital
Chapter 4
Reduction of Capital and Repurchase of Shares
Chapter 5
Financial Assistance for Acquisition of Shares
Chapter 6
Share Certificates and Register of Shareholders
Chapter 7
Shareholders' Rights and Obligations
Chapter 8
Shareholders' general meetings
Chapter 9
Special Procedures for Voting by a Class of Shareholders
Chapter 10
Board of Directors and Independent Directors
Chapter 11
Secretary of the Board of Directors
Chapter 12
General Manager
Chapter 13
Supervisory Committee
Chapter 14
The Qualifications and Duties of the Directors, Supervisors, General Manager, Deputy General Managers and other Senior Administrative Officers of the Company
Chapter 15
Financial and Accounting Systems and Profit Distribution
Chapter 16
Appointment of Accountants Firm
Chapter 17
Insurance
Chapter 18
Labour and Personnel Management Systems
Chapter 19
Trade Union
Chapter 20
Merger and Division of the Company
Chapter 21
Dissolution and Liquidation
Chapter 22
Procedures for Amendments of the Articles of Association
Chapter 23
Settlement of Disputes
Chapter 24
Supplementary
 

 
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF

CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

(Approved by Special Resolution Adopted at the 2006 Shareholders'
Annual General Meeting held on June 29, 2007)

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS
 
Article 1. 
The Company is a joint stock limited company established in accordance with the "Company Law of the People's Republic of China" (the "Company Law"), "State Council's Special Regulations Regarding the Issue of Shares Overseas and the Listing of Shares Overseas by Companies Limited by Share" (the "Special Regulations") and other relevant laws and regulations of the State.
   
  The Company was established by way of promotion with the approval under the document "Ti Gai Sheng" [1994] No.140 of the People's Republic of China's State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System. It is registered with and has obtained a business licence from China's State Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce on April 14, 1995. The number of the Company's business licence is: 10001767-8.
   
 
The Company changed its registration with Shanghai Administration for Industry and Commerce on October 18, 2002. The number of the Company’s business license is: Qi Gu Hu Zong Zi No. 032138.
   
 
The promoter of the Company is: Eastern Air Group Company.
   
Article 2. The Company's registered name in Chinese is: 中国东方航空股份有限公司 and in English is: CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED
   
Article 3. The Company's address: 66 Airport Street, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
  Zip Code : 201202
 
Telephone : (021) 62686268
Facsimile : (021) 62686116
   
Article 4. The Company's legal representative is the Chairman of the board of directors of the Company.
   
Article 5.
The Company is a joint stock limited company in perpetual existence.
 
1

 
 
Article 6. In accordance with the PRC Company Law, the Special Regulations, Mandatory Provisions for the Articles of Association of Companies to be Listed Outside China (the "Mandatory Provisions") and other relevant laws and administrative regulations, the Company adopted a resolution at the 2006 shareholders' annual general meeting on June 29, 2007 to amend the Company's previously amended articles of association approved at the 2004 shareholders' annual general meeting on June 30 , 2005 (the "Original Articles of Association") and to formulate these articles of association of the Company.
   
Article 7.
The Company has completed the registration procedures at China's State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or Shanghai Administration for Industry and Commerce, for the Original Articles of Association. The Original Articles of Association took effect on the date of registration.
   
 
The Original Articles of Association have been approved by the approving authority authorized by the State Council and the State Council Securities Committee. The Original Articles of Association shall be replaced by these articles of association of the Company.
   
 
The Company shall file an application to amend its statutory registration in respect of the amendment of these articles of association within the time limit prescribed by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.
 
2

 
 
Article 8.
From the date of these articles of association becoming effective, these articles of association constitute a legally binding document regulating the Company's organisation and activities, and the rights and obligations between the Company and each shareholder and among the shareholders inter se.
   
Article 9.
These articles of association are binding on the Company and its shareholders, directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers of the Company; all of whom are entitled to claim rights concerning the affairs of the Company in accordance with these articles of association.
   
 
These articles of association are actionable by a shareholder against the Company and vice versa, by shareholders against each other and by a shareholder against the directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers of the Company in respect of rights and obligations concerning the affairs of the Company arising out of these articles of association.
   
 
The actions referred to in the preceding paragraph include court proceedings and arbitration proceedings.
 
3

 
Article 10.
The Company may invest in other limited liability companies or joint stock limited companies. The Company's liabilities to an investee company shall be limited to the amount of its capital contribution to the investee company.
   
 
Upon approval of the companies approving department authorized by the State Council, the Company may, according to its need of operation and management, operate as a holding company as prescribed in the second paragraph of Article 12 of the Company Law.
   
Article 11. On condition of compliance with applicable laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China ("PRC"), the Company has the power to raise and borrow money which power includes without limitation the issue of debentures, the charging or mortgaging of part or whole of the Company's business or properties and other rights permitted by PRC laws and administrative regulations.
   
CHAPTER 2: PURPOSES AND SCOPE OF BUSINESS
 
Article 12.
The business purposes of the Company are: to provide the public with safe, punctual, comfortable, fast and convenient air transport service and other ancillary services, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of the services and to protect the lawful rights and interests of the shareholders.
   
Article 13.
The scope of business of the Company shall comply with those items approved by the companies registration authority.
   
 
The scope of business of the Company includes: domestic and approved international and regional business for air transportation of passengers, cargo, mail, luggage and extended services; general aviation business; maintenance of aviation equipment and machinery; manufacture and maintenance of aviation equipment; agency business for domestic and overseas airlines and other business related to air transportation, and other lawful businesses that can be carried on by a joint stock limited company formed under the Company Law.
 
Article 14.
The Company may, according to its ability to develop, and upon the approval by special resolution adopted by the Shareholders' general meeting and the approval of the relevant state governing authority, adjust its scope of business or investment orientation and method etc.
 
4

CHAPTER 3: SHARES AND REGISTERED CAPITAL
 
Article 15.
There must, at all times, be ordinary shares in the Company. Subject to the approval of the companies approving department authorized by the State Council, the Company may, according to its requirements, create classes of shares.
   
Article 16.
The shares issued by the Company shall have a par value of Renminbi one yuan.
   
 
The Renminbi referred to in the preceding paragraph is the legal currency of the People's Republic of China.
   
Article 17.
Subject to the approval of the securities authority of the State Council, the Company may issue and offer shares to domestic investors or foreign investors for subscription.
   
 
Foreign investors referred to in the preceding paragraph means those investors of foreign countries and regions of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan who subscribe for shares issued by the Company. Domestic investors means those investors within the territory of the PRC (excluding investors of the regions referred to in the preceding sentence) who subscribe for shares issued by the Company.
   
Article 18.
Shares issued by the Company to domestic investors for subscription in Renminbi shall be referred to as "Domestic-Invested Shares". Shares issued by the Company to foreign investors for subscription in foreign currencies shall be referred to as "Foreign-Invested Shares". Foreign-Invested Shares which are listed overseas are called "Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares".
   
 
The foreign currencies referred to in the preceding paragraph mean the legal currencies (apart from Renminbi) of other countries or districts which are recognised by the foreign exchange control authority of the State and can be used to pay the Company for the share price.
   
Article 19.
Domestic-Invested Shares issued by the Company shall be called "A Shares". Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares issued by the Company and listed in Hong Kong shall be called "H Shares". H Shares are shares which have been admitted for listing on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the "Stock Exchange"), the par value of which is denominated in Renminbi and which are subscribed for and traded in Hong Kong dollars. H Shares can also be listed on a stock exchange in the United States of America in the form of American depositary receipts.
 
5

 
Article 20.
In accordance with the approval granted by the Securities Commission of the State Council, the Company may issue a total of 4,866,950,000 ordinary shares, of which (a) 3,000,000,000 A Shares were issued upon the establishment of the Company and were all subscribed for by the promoter of the Company; (b) 1,566,950,000 H Shares were issued to foreign investors in an initial public offering in February 1997; and (c) 300,000,000 ordinary shares were issued publicly to domestic investors, including up to 45,000,000 shares issued to the employees of the Company.
   
Article 21.
Following the issuance of 300,000,000 ordinary shares to domestic investors , the total amount of the outstanding shares of the Company is 4,866,950,000 shares, comprising 3,000,000,000 A Shares held by China Eastern Air Holding Company (which were issued upon the establishment of the Company and all subscribed for by the promoter of the Company representing 61.6% of the total share capital of the Company), 1,566,950,000 H Shares issued to and purchased by foreign investors in an initial public offering, representing 32.2% of the total share capital of the Company, 300,000,000 A Shares issued to domestic investors, representing 6.2% of the total share capital of the Company.
   
 
The shareholders’ meeting for the A Shares held on December 18, 2006 approved the share reform plan of the Company. Following the implementation of the share reform plan, the total share capital of the Company remains unchanged and consists of 4,866,950,000 shares, of which, China Eastern Air Holding Company holds 2,904,000,000 A Shares, which represent 59.67% of the total share capital of the Company; 1,566,950,000 H Shares, which are Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares, represent 32.20% of the total share capital of the Company; and 396,000,000 A Shares, which are Domestic-Invested Shares, represent 8.13% of the total share capital of the Company.
   
Article 22.
Upon approval by the securities governing authority of the State Council of the proposal to issue Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares, the Company's board of directors may make implementing arrangements for the issue.
   
 
The Company's proposal to issue Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares pursuant to the preceding paragraph may be implemented within fifteen (15) months from the date of the approval of Securities Commission of the State Council.
   
Article 23.
In respect of the total number of shares as stated in a shares issuing proposal, where the Company shall separately issue Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and Domestic-Invested Shares, these respective shares shall be fully subscribed for at their respective offerings. If the shares cannot be fully subscribed for at their offerings due to some special circumstances, then subject to the approval of the Securities Committee of the State Council the shares may be issued by instalments.
   
Article 24.
The Company's registered capital is Renminbi 4,866,950,000. The Company, after having made its first increase of capital by issuing ordinary shares in accordance with Article 20 and Article 21, will increase its registered capital in accordance with the actual increase of capital by issuing shares as confirmed in a capital vertification report prepared by certified accountants, and will accordingly register the increased capital with China's State Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce.
 
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Article 25.
The Company may, based on its requirements for operation and development and in accordance with the relevant provisions of these articles of association, approve an increase of capital.
   
  The Company may increase its capital in the following ways:
   
  (1) offering new shares to non-specially-designated investors for subscription;
   
  (2) placing new shares to its existing shareholders;
   
  (3) allotting bonus shares to its existing shareholders;
   
  (4) any other ways permitted by relevant laws and administrative regulations.
   
 
The Company's increase of capital by issuing new shares shall, after being approved in accordance with the provisions of these articles of association, be conducted in accordance with the procedures stipulated by relevant laws and administrative regulations.
 
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Article 26.
Unless otherwise provided by relevant laws or administrative regulations, shares in the Company are freely transferable and are not subject to any lien.
 
CHAPTER 4: REDUCTION OF CAPITAL AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES
 
Article 27.
In accordance with the provisions of these articles of association, the Company may reduce its registered capital.
   
Article 28.
When the Company reduces its registered capital, it must draw up a balance sheet and an inventory of assets.
   
 
The Company shall notify its creditors within ten (10) days of the date of the Company's resolution for reduction of capital and shall publish a notice in a newspaper at least three times within thirty (30) days of the date of such resolution. A creditor has the right within thirty (30) days of receiving the notice from the Company or, in the case of a creditor who does not receive the notice, within ninety (90) days of the date of the first public notice, to require the Company to repay its debts or provide a corresponding guarantee for such debt.
   
 
The Company's registered capital after reduction shall not be less than the statutory minimum amount.
 
 
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Article 29.
The Company may, with approval according to the procedures provided  in these articles of association and subject to the approval of the relevant governing authority of the State, repurchase its issued shares under the following circumstances:
 
  (1) cancellation of shares for the reduction of its capital;
   
  (2) merging with another company that holds shares in the Company;
   
 
(3) other circumstances permitted by relevant laws and administrative regulations.
   
Article 30.
The Company may, with the approval of the relevant State governing authority for repurchasing its shares, conduct the repurchase in one of the following ways:
   
  (1) making a pro rata general offer of repurchase to all its shareholders;
   
  (2) repurchasing shares through public dealing on a stock exchange;
   
  (3) repurchase by an off-market agreement outside a stock exchange.
   
Article 31.
Where the Company repurchases its shares by an off-market agreement outside a stock exchange, the prior sanction of shareholders shall be obtained in accordance with these articles of association. The Company may release, vary or waive its rights under a contract so entered into by the Company with the prior approval of shareholders obtained in the same manner.
   
 
A contract to repurchase shares referred to in the preceding paragraph includes (without limitation) an agreement to become obliged to repurchase or an acquisition of the right to repurchase shares of the Company.
   
 
Rights of the Company under a contract to repurchase its shares are not capable of being assigned.
   
Article 32.
Shares repurchased in accordance with law by the Company shall be cancelled within the period prescribed by laws and administrative regulations, and the Company shall apply to the original companies registration authority for registration of the change of its registered capital.
   
 
The amount of the Company's registered capital shall be reduced by the aggregate par value of those cancelled shares.
 
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Article 33. Unless the Company is in the course of liquidation, it must comply with the following provisions in relation to repurchase of its issued shares:
 
  (1) where the Company repurchases shares of the Company at par value, payment shall be made out of book surplus distributable profits of the Company or out of proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for that purpose;
     
  (2) where the Company repurchases shares of the Company at a premium to its par value, payment up to the par value may be made out of the book surplus distributable profits of the Company or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for that purpose. Payment of the portion in excess of the par value shall be effected as follows:

(i)
if the shares being repurchased were issued at par value, payment shall be made out of the book surplus distributable profits of the Company;
     
 
(ii)
if the shares being repurchased were issued at a premium to its par value, payment shall be made out of the book surplus distributable profits of the Company or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for that purpose, provided that the amount paid out of the proceeds of the fresh issue shall not exceed the aggregate of premiums received by the Company on the issue of the shares repurchased nor the current amount of the Company's capital common reserve fund account (including the premiums on the fresh issue) at the time of the repurchase;
 
  (3) payment by the Company in consideration of the following shall be made out of the Company's distributable profits:
 
  (i) acquisition of rights to repurchase shares of the Company;
     
  (ii) variation of any contract to repurchase shares of the Company;
     
 
(iii)
release of any of the Company's obligation under any contract to repurchase shares of the Company;
 
  (4) after the Company's registered capital has been reduced by the total
par value of the cancelled shares in accordance with the relevant
provisions, the amount deducted from the distributable profits of the
Company for paying up the par-value portion of the shares repurchased
shall be transferred to the Company's capital common reserve fund
account.
 
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CHAPTER 5: FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR ACQUISITION OF SHARES
 
Article 34.
The Company and its subsidiaries shall not, by any means at any time, provide any kind of financial assistance to a person who is acquiring or is proposing to acquire shares in the Company. The said acquirer of shares of the Company includes a person who directly or indirectly incurs any obligations due to the acquisition of shares in the Company (the "obligor").
   
 
The Company and its subsidiaries shall not, by any means at any time, provide financial assistance to the obligor as referred to in the preceding paragraph for the purpose of reducing or discharging the obligations assumed by that person.
   
 
This Article shall not apply to the circumstances specified in Article 36 of this Chapter.
   
Article 35.
For the purposes of this Chapter, "financial assistance" includes (without limitation) the following meanings:
   
  (1) gift;
     
  (2)
guarantee (including the assumption of liability by the guarantor or the provision of assets by the guarantor to secure the performance of obligations by the obligor), or compensation (other than compensation in respect of the Company's own default) or release or waiver of any rights;
     
  (3) provision of loan or any other agreement under which the obligations of the Company are to be fulfilled before the obligations of another party, or the novation of, or the assignment of rights arising under, such loan or agreement;
     
  (4) any other form of financial assistance given by the Company when the Company is insolvent or has no net assets or when its net assets would thereby be reduced to a material extent.
     
 
For the purpose of this Chapter, "incurring any obligations" includes the incurring of obligations by the changing of the obligor's financial position by way of contract or the making of arrangement (whether enforceable or not, and whether made on his own account or with any other persons), or by any other means.
 
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Article 36.
The following transactions shall not be deemed to be activities prohibited by Article 34 of this Chapter:
     
  (1) the provision of financial assistance by the Company where the financial assistance is given in good faith in the interests of the Company, and the principal purpose in giving the financial assistance is not for the acquisition of shares in the Company, or the giving of the financial assistance is an incidental part of some larger purpose of the Company;
     
  (2) the lawful distribution of the Company's assets by way of dividend;
     
  (3) the allotment of bonus shares as dividends;
     
  (4) a reduction of registered capital, a repurchase of shares of the Company or a reorganization of the share capital structure of the Company effected in accordance with these articles of association;
     
  (5) the lending of money by the Company within its scope of business and in the ordinary course of its business, where the lending of money is part of the scope of business of the Company (provided that the net assets of the Company are not thereby reduced or that, to the extent that the assets are thereby reduced, the financial assistance is provided out of distributable profits);
     
  (6) the provision of money by the Company for contributions to staff and workers' shares schemes (provided that the net assets of the Company are not thereby reduced or that, to the extent that the assets are thereby reduced, the financial assistance is provided out of distributable profits).
 
CHAPTER 6: SHARE CERTIFICATES AND REGISTER OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
Article 37. Share certificates of the Company shall be in registered form.
   
 
The following items shall be stated on the share certificate of the Company:
   
  (1) the Company's name;
     
  (2) the date of registration of the Company;
     
  (3) the class of the share certificate, the par value and the number of shares represented by the share certificate;
 
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  (4) the serial number of the share certificate;
     
  (5)
any other matters required by the Company Law and the Special Regulations;
     
  (6) other items required to be stated by the stock exchanges on which the Company's shares are listed.
     
Article 38.
Share certificates of the Company shall be signed by the Chairman of the Company's board of directors. Where the stock exchanges on which the Company's shares are listed require other senior administrative officer(s) of the Company to sign on the share certificates, the share certificates shall also be signed by such senior administrative officer(s). The share certificates shall take effect after being sealed or printed with the seal of the Company. The share certificates shall only be sealed with the Company's seal under the authorization of the board of directors. The signatures of the Chairman of the board of directors or other senior administrative officer(s) of the Company may be printed in mechanical form.
   
Article 39.
The Company shall keep a register of its shareholders and enter in the register the following particulars:
   
  (1) the name (title) and address (residence), the occupation or nature of each shareholder;
     
  (2) the class and quantity of shares held by each shareholder;
     
  (3)
the amount paid or agreed to be paid on the shares of each  shareholder;
     
  (4) the share certificate numbers of the shares held by each shareholder;
     
  (5) the date on which each person was entered in the register as a shareholder;
     
  (6) the date on which any shareholder ceased to be a shareholder.
     
 
Unless contrary evidence is shown, the register of shareholders shall be sufficient evidence of the shareholders' shareholdings in the Company.
   
Article 40.
The Company may, in accordance with the mutual understanding and agreements between the securities governing authority of the State Council and overseas securities regulatory organizations, maintain the register of shareholders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares overseas and appoint overseas agent(s) to manage such share register. The original share register for holders of H Shares shall be maintained in Hong Kong.
 
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A duplicate of the share register for holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares shall be maintained at the Company's residence. The appointed overseas agent(s) shall ensure the consistency between the original and the duplicate of the share register. If there is any inconsistency between the original and the duplicate of the share register
for holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares, the original shall prevail.
   
Article 41.
The Company shall have a complete register of shareholders which shall comprise the following:
   
  (1)
a part of the shareholders' register maintained at the Company's residence other than those parts mentioned in sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Article;
     
  (2)
a part of the shareholders' register in respect of the holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares of the Company maintained in the place of the overseas stock exchange on which the shares are listed; and
     
  (3) any other parts of the shareholders' register maintained at such other places as the board of directors may consider necessary for the purpose of listing the shares of the Company.
     
Article 42. Different parts of the shareholders' register shall not overlap. No transfer of any shares registered in any part of the register shall, during the continuance of that registration, be registered in any other part of the register.
   
 
All the fully paid-up H Shares can be freely transferred in accordance with these articles of association. However, the board of directors may refuse to recognise any instrument of transfer without giving any reason, unless:
     
  (1) a fee (for each instrument of transfer) of two dollars and fifty cents Hong Kong dollars or any higher fee as agreed by the Stock Exchange has been paid to the Company for registration of any transfer or any other document which is related to or will affect ownership of or change of ownership of the shares;
 
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  (2) the instrument of transfer only involves H Shares;
     
  (3) the stamp duty chargeable on the instrument of transfer has been paid;
     
  (4) the relevant share certificate and upon the reasonable request of the board of directors any evidence in relation to the right of the transferor to transfer the shares have been submitted;
     
  (5) if it is intended to transfer the shares to joint owners, then the maximum number of joint owners shall not exceed four (4);
     
  (6) the Company does not have any lien on the relevant shares.
     
 
The alteration and rectification of each part of the shareholders' register shall be carried out in accordance with the laws of the place where the register is maintained.
   
 
If the Company refuses to register any transfer of shares, the Company shall within two months of the formal application for the transfer provide the transferor and the transferee with a notice of refusal to register such transfer.
   
Article 43.
No changes in the shareholders' register due to the transfer of shares may be made within thirty (30) days before the date of a Shareholders' general meeting or within five (5) days before the record date for the Company's distribution of dividends.
   
Article 44.
Where the Company decides to convene a Shareholders' general meeting, distribute dividends, liquidate or carry out other activities which would require the determination of shareholdings, the board of directors shall fix a record date for the purpose of determining shareholdings. A person who is registered in the register as shareholders of the Company at the end of the record date shall be a shareholder of the Company.
   
Article 45.
Any person aggrieved and claiming to be entitled to have his name (title) to be entered in or removed from the register of shareholders may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for rectification of the register.
   
Article 46.
Any person who is a registered shareholder or who claims to be entitled to have his name (title) entered into the register of shareholders in respect of shares in the Company may, if his share certificate (the "original certificate") relating to the shares is lost, apply to the Company for a replacement new share certificate in respect of such shares (the "Relevant Shares").
 
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If a shareholder of Domestic-Invested Shares loses his share certificate and applies to the Company for a replacement new share certificate, it shall be dealt with in accordance with article 150 of the Company Law.
   
 
If a shareholder of Overseas-Listed Foreign Shares loses his share certificate and applies to the Company for a replacement new share certificate, it may be dealt with in accordance with the law of the place where the original register of holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares is maintained, rules of the stock exchange or other relevant regulations.
   
 
If a shareholder of H Shares loses his share certificate, the issue of a replacement new share certificate shall comply with the following requirements:
   
  (1) The applicant shall submit an application to the Company in a  prescribed form accompanied by notarial certificate or a statutory declaration (i) stating the grounds upon which the application is made and the circumstances and the evidence of the loss; and (ii) declaring that no other person is entitled to have his name entered in the register of shareholders in respect of the Relevant Shares.
     
  (2) Before the Company decides to issue the replacement new share certificate, no statement made by any person other than the applicant declaring that his name shall be entered in the register of shareholders in respect of such shares has been received.
     
  (3) The Company shall, if it intends to issue a replacement new share certificate, publish a notice of its intention at least once every thirty (30) days in a period of ninety (90) consecutive days in such newspapers as may be prescribed by the board of directors.
     
  (4) The Company shall have, prior to publication of its intention to issue a replacement new share certificate, delivered to the stock exchange on which its shares are listed a copy of the notice to be published and may publish the notice upon receiving confirmation from such stock exchange that the notice has been exhibited in the premises of the stock exchange. Such notice shall be exhibited in the premises of the Stock Exchange for a period of 90 days.
     
   
In the case of an application made without the consent of the registered holder of the Relevant Shares, the Company shall deliver by mail to such registered shareholder a copy of the notice to be published;
 
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  (5)  If, by the expiration of the 90-day period referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4) of this Article, the Company shall not have received from any person notice of any disagreement to such application, the Company may issue a replacement new share certificate to the applicant accordingly.
     
  (6)
Where the Company issues a replacement new share certificate under this Article, it shall forthwith cancel the original share certificate and enter the cancellation and issue in the register of shareholders accordingly.
     
  (7) All expenses relating to the cancellation of an original share certificate and the issue of a replacement new share certificate by the Company shall be borne by the applicant and the Company is entitled to refuse to take any action until reasonable security is provided by the applicant.
     
Article 47. Where the Company issues a replacement new share certificate pursuant to these articles of association, the name (title) of a bona fide purchaser gaining possession of such new share certificate or the person who is subsequently entered in the register of shareholders as holder of such shares (if he is a bona fide purchaser) shall not be removed from the register of shareholders.
   
Article 48. The Company shall not be liable for any damages sustained by any person by reason of the cancellation of the original share certificate or the issue of the new share certificate, unless the claimant proves that the Company has acted deceitfully.
 
CHAPTER 7: SHAREHOLDERS' RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
 
Article 49. A shareholder of the Company is a person who lawfully holds shares in the Company and whose name (title) is entered in the register of shareholders.
   
 
A shareholder shall enjoy rights and bear obligations according to the class and proportion of the shares held by him; shareholders who hold shares of the same class shall enjoy the same rights and bear the same obligations.
   
Article 50.
The ordinary shareholders of the Company shall enjoy the following rights:
   
  (1) the right to dividends and other distributions in proportion to the number of shares held;
 
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  (2) the right to attend or appoint a proxy to attend Shareholders' general meetings and to vote thereat;
     
  (3) the right of supervisory management over the Company's business operations, and the right to present proposals or enquiries;
     
  (4)
the right to transfer shares in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and provisions of these articles of association;
     
  (5) the right to obtain relevant information in accordance with the provisions of these articles of association, including:
 
    (i) the right to obtain a copy of these articles of association, subject to payment of the cost of such copy;
       
    (ii) the right to inspect and copy, subject to payment of a reasonable charge:
 
      (a)  all parts of the register of shareholders;
         
      (b) personal particulars of each of the Company's directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers, including:
         
       
(aa) present name and alias and any former name or alias;

(bb) principal address (residence);

(cc) nationality;
 
(dd) primary and all other part-time occupations and duties;

(ee) identification documents and their relevant numbers;
 
      (c) state of the Company's share capital;
         
      (d) reports showing the aggregate par value, quantity, highest and lowest price paid in respect of each class of shares repurchased by the Company since the end of last accounting year and the aggregate amount paid by the Company for this purpose;
 
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      (e)
minutes of Shareholders' general meetings and accountant's report,
 
  (6)
in the event of the termination or liquidation of the Company, to participate in the distribution of surplus assets of the Company in accordance with the number of shares held;
     
  (7) other rights conferred by laws, administrative regulations and these articles of association.
     
Article 51.
The ordinary shareholders of the Company shall assume the following obligations:
     
  (1) to abide by these articles of association;
     
  (2) to pay subscription monies according to the number of shares subscribed and the method of subscription;
     
  (3) other obligations imposed by laws, administrative regulations and these articles of association.
     
 
Shareholders are not liable to make any further contribution to the share capital other than as agreed by the subscriber of the relevant shares on subscription.
   
Article 52. A controlling shareholder or an actual controlling person of the Company owes fiduciary duties to the Company and its public shareholders. A controlling shareholder shall exercise the rights as an investor in strict compliance with the laws. A controlling shareholder may not:
   
  (1)
prejudice the legal rights and interests of the Company and its public shareholders by engaging in any connected transaction, distribution of profits, restructuring of assets, external investment, appropriation of funds, loan guarantee, etc.; or
     
  (2) prejudice the legal rights and interests of the Company and its public shareholders by abusing its controlling position.
     
 
In addition to the obligations imposed by laws and administrative regulations or required by the listing rules of the stock exchange on which shares of the Company are listed, a controlling shareholder shall not exercise his voting rights in respect of the following matters in a manner prejudicial to the interests of the shareholders generally or of some of
the shareholders of the Company:
     
  (1)  to relieve a director or supervisor of his duty to act honestly in the best interests of the Company;
 
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  (2) to approve the expropriation by a director or supervisor (for his own benefit or for the benefit of another person), in any guise, of the Company's assets, including (without limitation) opportunities beneficial to the Company;
     
  (3) to approve the expropriation by a director or supervisor (for his own benefit or for the benefit of another person) of the individual rights of other shareholders, including (without limitation) rights to distributions and voting rights save pursuant to a restructuring submitted to shareholders for approval in accordance with these articles of association.
     
 
Other than the terms agreed by a shareholder upon subscription of the shares, such shareholder shall not be obliged to make any additional contribution to the share capital of the Company.
   
Article 53. For the purpose of the foregoing Article, a "controlling shareholder" means a person who satisfies any one of the following conditions:
     
  (1)
he alone or acting in concert with others has the power to elect more than half of the board of directors;
     
  (2) he alone or acting in concert with others has the power to exercise or to control the exercise of 30 per cent or more of the voting rights in the Company;
     
  (3) he alone or acting in concert with others holds 30 per cent or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company;
     
  (4) he alone or acting in concert with others in any other manner controls the Company in fact.
     
Article 54. Subject to the compliance of relevant laws, regulations and rules, where the Company intends to issue preference shares, the rights and obligations of holders of such shares shall be resolved upon by the shareholders in general meeting.
   
CHAPTER 8: SHAREHOLDERS' GENERAL MEETINGS  
 
Article 55. The Shareholders' general meeting is the organ of authority of the Company and shall exercise its functions and powers in accordance with law.
 
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Article 56.
The Shareholders' general meeting shall have the following functions and powers:
     
  (1) to decide on the Company's operational policies and investment plans;
     
  (2) to elect and replace directors and decide on matters relating to the remuneration of directors;
     
  (3) to elect and replace the supervisors who are representatives of shareholders and decide on matters relating to the remuneration of supervisors;
     
  (4) to examine and approve reports of the board of directors;
     
  (5)  to examine and approve reports of the supervisory committee;
     
  (6) to examine and approve the Company's proposed annual preliminary and final financial budgets;
     
  (7) to examine and approve the Company's profit distribution plans and plans for making up losses;
     
  (8) to decide on increases or reductions in the Company registered capital;
     
  (9) to decide on matters such as merger, division, dissolution and liquidation of the Company;
     
  (10)   to decide on the issue of debentures by the Company;
     
  (11)  to decide on the appointment, dismissal and disengagement of the accountants of the Company;
     
  (12) to amend these articles of association;
     
  (13) to consider motions raised by shareholders who represent 5 per cent or more of the total shares of the Company carrying the right to vote;
     
  (14) to decide on other matters which require resolutions of the shareholders in general meeting according to relevant laws, administrative regulations and provisions of these articles of association;
 
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  (15)
to decide on matters which the board of directors may be delegated or authorized to deal with by the shareholders in general meeting.
     
Article 57. The Company shall not, without the prior approval of shareholders in general meeting, enter into any contract with any person other than a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer whereby the management and administration of the whole or any substantial part of the business of the Company is to be handed over to such person.
   
Article 58.
Shareholders' general meetings are divided into annual general meetings and extraordinary general meetings. Shareholders' general meetings shall be convened by the board of directors. Annual general meetings are held once every year and within six (6) months from the end of the preceding financial year.
   
 
Under any of the following circumstances, the board of directors shall convene an extraordinary general meeting within two (2) months:
   
  (1) when the number of directors is less than the number of directors required by the Company Law or two thirds of the number of directors specified in these articles of association;
     
  (2) when the unrecovered losses of the Company amount to one third of the total amount of its share capital;
     
  (3)
when shareholder(s) holding 10 per cent or more of the Company's issued and outstanding shares carrying voting rights request(s) in writing the convening of an extraordinary general meeting;
     
  (4) when deemed necessary by the board of directors or as requested by the supervisory committee.
     
Article 59.
When the company convenes a Shareholders' general meeting, written notice of the meeting shall be given forty five (45) days before the date of the meeting to notify all of the shareholders in the share register of the matters to be considered and the date and the place of the meeting. A shareholder who intends to attend the meeting shall deliver his written reply concerning the attendance of the meeting to the Company twenty (20) days before the date of the meeting.
   
Article 60. When the Company convenes a shareholders' annual general meeting, shareholders holding 5 per cent or more of the total voting shares of the Company shall have the right to propose new motions in writing, and the Company shall place those matters in the proposed motions within the scope of functions and powers of the Shareholders' general meeting on the agenda.
 
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A proposal for consideration at a Shareholders' general meeting shall meet the following requirements:
     
  (1) its content does not contravene any laws or administrative regulations or these articles of association, and falls within the scope of the permissible matters for consideration at the Shareholders' general meeting;
     
  (2) there is definite topic(s) and specific matter(s) for resolution; and
     
  (3) it is submitted or delivered to the board of directors in writing.
     
 
The board of directors shall take into account the best interests of the Company and the shareholders when examining each proposal for consideration at a Shareholders' general meeting.
   
Article 61.
The Company shall, based on the written replies received twenty (20) days before the date of the Shareholders' general meeting from the shareholders, calculate the number of voting shares represented by the shareholders who intend to attend the meeting. If the number of voting shares represented by the shareholders who intend to attend the meeting
reaches one half or more of the Company's total voting shares, the Company may hold the meeting; if not, then the Company shall within five (5) days notify the shareholders again by public notice of the matters to be considered, the place and date for, the meeting. The Company may then hold the meeting after such publication of notice.
   
 
A shareholders' extraordinary general meeting shall not decide on any matter not stated in the notice of meeting.
   
Article 62. A notice of meeting of shareholders shall meet the following requirements:
     
  (1) be in writing;
     
  (2) specify the place, the date and time of the meeting;
     
  (3) state the matters to be discussed at the meeting;
     
  (4) provide such information and explanation as are necessary for the shareholders to make an informed decision on the proposals put before them. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, where a proposal is made to amalgamate the Company with another, to repurchase shares, to reorganize the share capital, or to restructure the Company in any other way, the terms of the proposed transaction must be provided in detail together with copies of the proposed agreement, if any, and the cause and effect of such proposal must be properly explained;
 
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  (5) contain a disclosure of the nature and extent, if any, of the material interests of any director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer in the proposed transaction and the effect of the proposed transaction on them in their capacity as shareholders in so far as it is different from the effect on the interests of the shareholders of the same class;
     
  (6) contain the full text of any special resolution to be proposed at the meeting;
     
  (7) contain conspicuously a statement that a shareholder entitled to attend and vote is entitled to appoint one or more proxies to attend and vote instead of him and that a proxy need not be a shareholder;
     
  (8) specify the time and place for lodging proxy forms for the relevant meeting.
     
Article 63.
Notice of Shareholders' general meeting shall be served on the shareholders (whether or not entitled to vote at the meeting), by delivery or prepaid airmail to their addresses as shown in the register of shareholders. For the holders of Domestic-Invested Shares, notice of the meetings may be issued by way of public notice.
   
 
The public notice referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be published in one or more newspapers designated by the securities governing authority of the State Council within the interval between forty-five (45) days and fifty (50) days before the date of the meeting; after the publication of notice, the holders of Domestic-Invested Shares shall be deemed to have received the notice of the relevant Shareholders' general meeting.
   
Article 64.
The accidental omission to give notice of a meeting to, or the failure to receive the notice of a meeting by, any person entitled to receive notice shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.
   
Article 64 (A) The board of directors shall determine the record date with respect to each Shareholders' general meeting. The shareholders recorded on the Company's register of shareholders as of the record date for a Shareholders' general meeting shall be entitled to attend such Shareholders' general meeting. The shareholders who intend to attend a Shareholders' general meeting shall be required to register on such date and at such venue as indicated in the relevant notice.
 
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Article 65.
Any shareholder entitled to attend and vote at a shareholders' meeting of the Company shall be entitled to appoint one or more other persons (whether a shareholder or not) as his or her proxies to attend and vote on his or her behalf, and a proxy so appointed shall be entitled to exercise the following rights pursuant to the authorization from that shareholder:
     
  (1) the shareholder's right to speak at the meeting;
     
  (2) the right to demand or join in demanding a poll;
     
  (3) the right to vote by hand or on a poll, but proxies of a shareholder who has appointed more than one proxy may only vote on a poll.
     
 
Where shareholder is a recognised clearing house within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Chapter 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong) and any amendments thereto or re-enactment thereof from time to time, it may authorise such person or persons as it thinks fit to act as its representative (or representatives) at any Shareholders' general meeting or any meeting of any class of shareholders provided that, if more than one person is so authorised, the authorisation must specify the number and class of shares in respect of which each such person is so authorised. The person so authorised will be entitled to exercise the same power on behalf of the recognised clearing house as that clearing house (or its nominees) could exercise if it were an individual shareholder of the Company.
   
Article 66.
The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointer or his attorney duly authorized in writing, or if the appointer is a legal entity, either under seal or under the hand of a director or attorney duly authorized.
   
Article 67.
The instrument appointing a voting proxy and, if such instrument is signed by a person under a power of attorney or other authority on behalf of the appointer, a notarially certified copy of that power of attorney or other authority shall be deposited at the residence of the Company or at such other place as is specified for that purpose in the notice convening the meeting, not less than twenty-four (24) hours before the time for holding the meeting at which the proxy propose to vote or the time appointed for the passing of the resolution.
If the appointor is a legal person, its legal representative or such person as is authorized by resolution of its board of directors or other governing body may attend at any meeting of shareholders of the Company as a representative of the appointor.
 
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Article 68. Any form issued to a shareholder by the directors for use by him for appointing a proxy to attend and vote at meetings of the Company shall be such as to enable the shareholder, according to his free will, to instruct the proxy to vote in favour of or against the motions, such instructions being given in respect of each individual matter to be voted on at the meeting. Such a form shall contain a statement that in the absence of instructions by the shareholder the proxy may vote as he thinks fit.
   
Article 69. A vote given in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the death or loss of capacity of the appointor or revocation of the proxy or of the authority under which the proxy was executed, or the transfer of the shares in respect of which the proxy is given, provided that no notice in writing of such death, insanity, revocation or transfer as aforesaid shall have been received by the Company at its residence before the commencement of the meeting at which the proxy is used.
   
Article 70. A proxy who attends a Shareholders' general meeting on behalf of a shareholder shall present his identification document. If a shareholder who is a legal person appoints its legal representative to attend the meeting, the legal representative shall present his own identification document and a notarially certified copy of the resolution of the board of directors or other governing body of the appointor or letter of authorization.
   
Article 70 (A).
Directors will be elected at Shareholders' general meetings through cumulative voting. When directors are elected through cumulative
voting at Shareholders' general meetings, the number of total votes that a shareholder can exercise is the product of (i) the number of shares held by such shareholder, and (ii) the number of directors to be elected. A shareholder can give all his or her votes to one director candidate or divide his or her votes among several director candidates. Directors are elected at the Shareholders' general meetings based on the number of votes the director candidates receive.
   
Article 71.
Resolutions of Shareholders' general meetings shall be divided into ordinary resolutions and special resolutions.
   
 
To adopt an ordinary resolution, votes representing more than one half of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the meeting must be exercised in favour of the resolution in order for it to be passed.
 
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To adopt a special resolution, votes representing more than two-thirds of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the meeting must be exercised in favour of the resolution in order for it to be passed.
   
 
The shareholders (including proxies) present at the meeting shall expressly state their agreement with or objection to every matter to be determined by voting. If a shareholder abstains from voting or casts an abstention vote, the Company shall disregard such vote as a voting share when counting the result of voting.
   
 
If any shareholder (including his or her proxy) who is required under  relevant rules governing the listing of securities to abstain from voting on any particular resolution or is restricted to vote only for or against any particular resolution fails to comply with any such requirement or restriction, his or her vote shall not be counted towards the voting results.
   
Article 72. Each matter up for consideration at a Shareholders' general meeting shall be voted upon at such Shareholders' general meeting.
   
 
A shareholder (including proxy), when voting at a Shareholders' general meeting, may exercise voting rights in accordance with the number of shares carrying the right to vote and each share shall have one vote.
   
Article 73. At any general meeting of shareholders, a resolution shall be decided on a show of hands unless a poll is (before or after any vote by show of hands) demanded:
   
  (1) by the chairman of the meeting;
     
  (2) by at least two shareholders entitled to vote present in person or by proxy;
     
  (3) by one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy and representing 10 per cent or more of all shares carrying the right to vote at the meeting.
     
 
Unless a poll be so demanded, a declaration by the chairman that a resolution has on a show of hands been carried unanimously, or carried by a particular majority, or lost, and an entry to that effect in the minutes of the meeting shall be conclusive evidence of the fact without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against such resolution.
   
  The demand for a poll may be withdrawn by the person who makes such demand.
 
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The Company shall use various means to increase the attendance of the public shareholders at Shareholders' general meetings, including the use of modern information technologies (such as, for example, online voting facilities), provided that:
     
  (1)
using such means would be permissible under all applicable laws and administrative regulations and/or is acceptable to relevant regulatory authorities as well as complies with and satisfies all relevant rules; and
     
  (2)
the legality and validity of a Shareholders' general meeting is assured.
     
 
Subject to all applicable laws and administrative regulations, the board of directors, the independent directors and certain qualified shareholders may solicit proxies from the shareholders to vote at a Shareholders' general meeting. No consideration shall be paid for any proxy and adequate information should be furnished to the shareholders whose proxies are solicited. The shareholders whose proxies are solicited should be encouraged to consult professional advisors. Any information that is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies must have been previously published and must be accurate and not misleading at the time of use.
   
Article 74.
A poll demanded on the election of the chairman of the meeting, or on a question of adjournment of the meeting, shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question, shall be taken at such time as the chairman of the meeting directs, and any business other than that upon which a poll has been demanded may be proceeded with, pending the taking of the poll. The result of the poll shall be deemed to be a resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded.
   
Article 75. On a poll taken at a meeting, a shareholder (including proxy) entitled to two or more votes need not cast all his votes in the same way.
   
Article 76. In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting at which the show of hands takes place or at which the poll is demanded shall be entitled to one additional vote.
   
Article 77.
The following matters shall be resolved by an ordinary resolution at a Shareholders' general meeting:
     
  (1) work reports of the board of directors and the supervisory committee;
     
  (2) plans formulated by the board of directors for distribution of profits and for making up losses;
 
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  (3)
removal of the members of the board of directors and members of the supervisory committee, their remuneration and method of payment;
     
  (4) annual preliminary and final budgets, balance sheets and profit and loss accounts and other financial statements of the Company;
     
  (5) matters other than those required by the laws and administrative regulations or by these articles of association to be adopted by special resolutions.
     
Article 78.
The following matters shall be resolved by a special resolution at a Shareholders' general meeting:
     
  (1)
the increase or reduction in share capital and the issue of shares of any class, warrants and other similar securities;
     
  (2) the issue of debentures of the Company;
     
  (3) the division, merger, dissolution and liquidation of the Company;
     
  (4) amendments to these Articles of Association;
     
  (5) any other matters considered by the Shareholders' general meeting, resolved by way of an ordinary resolution, to be of a nature which may have a material impact on the Company and should be adopted by a special resolution.
     
Article 78 (A)   Subject to these articles of association, all applicable laws and administrative regulations and/or other rules or requirements that may be promulgated by relevant authorities from time to time, implementation of or application for any of the following matters requires approval by the shareholders at the Shareholders' general meeting and approval by votes representing more than half of the voting rights held by the public shareholders who vote at the Shareholders' general meeting:
     
  (1)
the Company's follow-on public offering (including an offering of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares or other equity securities), any offering of convertible bonds or any rights issue (except where a controlling shareholder undertakes prior to the Shareholders' general meeting to subscribe for the rights issue shares wholly in cash);
     
  (2) restructuring of material assets with the total consideration for the assets acquired equal to or exceeding 120% of the audited book value of such assets;
 
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  (3) repayment of debts owed by a shareholder to the Company with equity shares of the Company;
     
  (4) overseas listing of a subsidiary of the Company that has material effect on the Company; and
     
  (5) any matters relating to the development of the Company that have material effect on the interests and rights of the public
shareholders.
     
 
If a Shareholders' general meeting is convened in connection with any of the above matters, the Company shall provide the shareholders with online voting facilities, provided that doing so would be permissible under all applicable laws and administrative regulations and/or acceptable to relevant regulatory authorities and would comply with and satisfies all relevant rules.
   
Article 78 (B) Under any of the above circumstances, after giving notice to shareholders of the Shareholders' general meeting, the Company shall
publicly announce such notice within three (3) days after the relevant record date.
   
Article 79.
Shareholders requisitioning the convening of extraordinary general meetings of shareholders or class meetings shall abide by the following procedures:
   
  (1) Two or more shareholders holding in aggregate 10 per cent or more of the shares carrying the right to vote at the meeting sought to be held shall sign one or more counterpart requisitions stating the object of the meeting and requiring the board of directors to convene a shareholders' extraordinary general meeting or a class meeting thereof. The board of directors shall as soon as possible proceed to convene the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders or a class meeting thereof after receiving the requisition.
     
   
The amount of shareholdings referred to above shall be calculated as at the date of the deposit of the requisition.
     
  (2) If the board of directors fails to issue a notice of such a meeting within thirty (30) days from the date of the receipt of the
requisition, the requisitionists may themselves convene such a meeting in a manner as similar as possible as that in which shareholders' meetings are to be convened by the board of directors within four (4) months from the date of receipt of the requisition by the board of directors.
 
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Any reasonable expenses incurred by the requisitionists by reason of the failure of the board of directors to duly convene a meeting shall be repaid to the requisitionists by the Company and any sum so repaid shall be set off against sums owed by the Company to the directors in default.
     
Article 80.
The Chairman of the board of directors shall convene and take the chair of every Shareholders' general meeting. If the Chairman is unable to attend the meeting for any reason, the vice-chairman of the board of directors shall convene and take the chair of the meeting. If both the Chairman and vice-chairman of the board of directors are unable to attend  the meeting, then the board of directors may designate a director to convene and take the chair of the meeting. If no chairman of the meeting has been so designated, shareholders present shall choose one person to be the chairman of the meeting. If for any reason, the shareholders shall fail to elect a chairman, then the shareholder (including proxy) present in person or by proxy and holding the largest number of shares carrying the
right to vote thereat shall be the chairman of the meeting.
   
Article 81. The chairman of the meeting shall be responsible for the determination of whether a resolution is passed. His decision, which is
final and conclusive, shall be announced at the meeting and recorded in the minute book.
   
 
Public announcements shall be made with respect to the resolutions of the Shareholders' general meeting in accordance with the relevant regulations.
   
Article 82.
If the chairman of the meeting has any doubt as to the result of a resolution put to the vote of the meeting, he may have the votes counted. If the chairman of the meeting fails to have the votes counted, any shareholder who is present in person or by proxy and who objects to the result announced by the chairman of the meeting may demand that the votes be counted immediately after the declaration of the result, the chairman of the meeting shall have the votes counted immediately.
   
Article 83.
If votes are counted at a Shareholders' general meeting, the result of the count shall be recorded in the minute book.
   
Article 84. Minutes shall be made in respect of all resolutions passed at a Shareholders' general meeting and signed by directors present at the
meeting. The minutes, shareholders' attendance lists and proxy forms shall be kept at the Company's residence.
 
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Article 85.
Copies of the minutes of proceedings of any Shareholders' general meeting shall, during business hours of the Company, be open for inspection by any shareholder without charge. If a shareholder demands from the Company a copy of such minutes, the Company shall send a copy of such minutes to him within seven (7) days after having received reasonable charges.
 
CHAPTER 9: SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR VOTING BY A CLASS OF SHAREHOLDERS
 
Article 86.
Those shareholders who hold different classes of shares are shareholders of different classes.
   
 
Apart from the holders of other classes of shares, the holders of the Domestic-Invested Shares and holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares shall be deemed to be shareholders of different classes.
   
 
A class of shareholders shall, in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and these articles of association, enjoy rights and bear obligations.
   
Article 87.
Rights conferred on any class of shareholders in the capacity of shareholders ("class rights") may not be varied or abrogated unless
approved by a special resolution of shareholders in general meeting and by holders of shares of that class at a separate meeting conducted in accordance with Articles 89 to 93.
   
Article 88.
The following circumstances shall be deemed to be variation or abrogation of the class rights of a class:
   
  (1)
to increase or decrease the number of shares of such class, or increase or decrease the number of shares of a class having voting or equity rights or privileges equal or superior to those of the shares of such class;
     
  (2) to effect an exchange of all or part of the shares of such class into shares of another class or to effect an exchange or create a right of exchange of all or part of the shares of another class into the shares of such class;
     
  (3) to remove or reduce rights to accrued dividends or rights to cumulative dividends attached to shares of such class;
     
  (4) to reduce or remove a dividend preference or a liquidation preference attached to shares of such class;
 
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  (5) to add, remove or reduce conversion privileges, options, voting rights, transfer or pre-emptive rights, or rights to acquire
securities of the Company attached to shares of such class;
     
  (6) to remove or reduce rights to receive payment payable by the Company in particular currencies attached to shares of such class;
     
  (7) to create a new class of shares having voting or equity rights or privileges equal or superior to those of the shares of such class;
     
  (8)     to restrict the transfer or ownership of the shares of such class or add to such restriction;
   
  (9)  to allot and issue rights to subscribe for, or convert into, shares in the Company of such class or another class;
     
  (10) to increase the rights or privileges of shares of another class;
     
  (11) to restructure the Company where the proposed restructuring will result in different classes of shareholders bearing a disproportionate burden of such proposed restructuring;
     
  (12)  to vary or abrogate the provisions of this Chapter.
     
Article 89. Shareholders of the affected class, whether or not otherwise having the right to vote at Shareholders' general meetings, shall nevertheless have the right to vote at class meetings in respect of matters concerning sub-paragraphs (2) to (8), (11) and (12) of Article 88, but interested shareholder(s) shall not be entitled to vote at class meetings.
   
 
The meaning of "interested shareholder(s)" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph is:
     
  (1)
in the case of a repurchase of shares by offers to all shareholders or public dealing on a stock exchange under Article 30, a "controlling shareholder" within the meaning of Article 53;
     
  (2) in the case of a repurchase of share by an off-market contract under Article 30, a holder of the shares to which the proposed contract relates;
     
  (3) in the case of a restructuring of the Company, a shareholder within a class who bears less than a proportionate obligation imposed on that class under the proposed restructuring or who has an interest in the proposed restructuring different from the interest of shareholders of that class.
 
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Article 90. Resolutions of a class of shareholders shall be passed by votes representing more than two-thirds of the voting rights of shareholders of that class represented at the relevant meeting who, according to Article 89, are entitled to vote at class meetings.
   
 
If any shareholder (including his or her proxy) who is required under relevant rules governing the listing of securities to abstain from voting on any particular resolution or is restricted to vote only for or against any particular resolution fails to comply with any such requirement or restriction, his or her vote shall not be counted towards the voting results.
   
Article 91. Written notice of a class meeting shall be given forty-five (45) days before the date of the class meeting to notify all of the shareholders in the share register of the class of the matters to be considered, the date and the place of the class meeting. A shareholder who intends to attend the class meeting shall deliver his written reply concerning attendance at the class meeting to the Company twenty (20) days before the date of the class meeting.
   
 
If the number of shares carrying voting rights at the meeting represented  by the shareholders who intend to attend the class meeting reaches more than one half of the voting shares at the class meeting, the Company may hold the class meeting; if not, the Company shall within five (5) days notify the shareholders again by public notice of the matters to be considered, the date and the place for the class meeting. The Company may then hold the class meeting after such publication of notice.
   
Article 92. Notice of class meetings need only be served on shareholders entitled to vote thereat.
   
 
Meetings of any class of shareholders shall be conducted in a manner as similar as possible to that of general meetings of shareholders. The provisions of these articles of association relating to the manner to conduct any Shareholders' general meeting shall apply to any meeting of a class of shareholders.
   
Article 93. The special procedures for voting at any meeting of a class of shareholders shall not apply to the following circumstances:
     
  (1)
where the Company issues, upon the approval by special resolution of its shareholders in general meeting, either separately or concurrently once every twelve months, not more than 20 per cent of each of its existing issued Domestic-Invested Shares and Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares;
 
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  (2) where the Company's plan to issue Domestic-Invested Shares and Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares at the time of its
establishment is carried out within fifteen (15) months from the date of approval of the Securities Committee of the State Council.

CHAPTER 10: BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS
 
Article 94.
The Company shall have a board of directors. The board of directors shall consist of eleven (11) directors. The board of directors shall have one Chairman and one Vice-chairman.
   
Article 95.
Directors shall be elected at the Shareholders' general meeting. The term of office of the directors is three (3) years. At the expiry of a
director's term, the term is renewable upon re-election.
   
 
The director candidates shall be nominated by the board of directors or shareholders. The notice of nomination of directors and the notice by a director candidate of his or her willingness to be elected shall be given to and lodged with the Company on, at the earliest, the day after the despatch of the relevant notice of Shareholders' general meeting appointed for the election and seven days before the date of the Shareholders' general meeting.
   
 
Notice in writing of the intention to propose a person for election as a director and notice in writing by that person of his willingness to be elected shall have been given to the Company seven (7) days before the date of such Shareholders' general meeting.
   
 
The Chairman and the Vice-chairman shall be elected and removed by more than one half of all the members of the board of directors. The term of office of each of the chairman and the Vice-chairman is three (3) years, renewable upon re-election.
   
 
The Shareholders' general meeting may by ordinary resolution remove any director before the expiration of his term of office (but without prejudice to such director's right to claim damages based on any contract) on the condition that all the relevant laws and administrative regulations are fully complied with.
   
  The Directors shall not be required to hold shares of the Company.
   
Article 96. The board of directors is responsible to the Shareholders' general meeting and exercises the following powers:
 
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  (1)
to be responsible for the convening of the Shareholders' general meeting and to report on its work to the Shareholders' general
meeting;
     
  (2) to implement the resolutions of the Shareholders' general meetings;
     
  (3) to decide on the Company's business plans and investment plans;
     
  (4) to formulate the Company's annual preliminary and final financial budgets;
     
  (5) to formulate the Company's profit distribution plan and plan for making up losses;
     
  (6) to formulate proposals for increases or reductions in the Company's registered capital and the issue of debentures of the Company;
     
  (7) to draw up plans for the merger, division or dissolution of the Company;
     
  (8) to decide on the establishment of the Company's internal management structure;
     
  (9) to appoint or dismiss the Company's general manager, and pursuant to the general manager's nominations to appoint or dismiss the deputy general manager and the financial controller of the Company and decide on their remuneration;
     
  (10) to establish the Company's basic management system;
     
  (11) to formulate proposals for any amendments of the Company's articles of association;
     
  (12) to exercise any other powers conferred by the Shareholders' general meetings.
     
 
Except the board of directors' resolutions in respect of the matters specified in sub-paragraphs (6), (7) and (11) of this Article which shall be passed by more than two-thirds of all the directors, the board of directors' resolutions in respect of all other matters may be passed by more than one half of all the directors.
 
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Article 97.
The board of directors shall not, without the prior approval of shareholders in a general meeting, dispose or agree to dispose of any fixed assets of the Company where the aggregate of the amount or value of the consideration for the proposed disposition, and the amount or value of the consideration for any such disposition of any fixed assets of the Company that has been completed in the period of four (4) months immediately preceding the proposed disposition, exceeds 33 per cent of the value of the Company's fixed assets as shown in the last balance sheet placed before the shareholders in general meeting.
   
 
For the purposes of this Article, disposition includes an act involving the transfer of an interest in assets but does not include the provision of fixed asset by way of security.
   
 
The validity of a disposition by the Company shall not be affected by the breach of the first paragraph of this Article.
   
Article 97 (A)
Any provision of guarantee by the Company for the benefit of any other person:
   
  (1) must comply with and satisfy these articles of association, all applicable laws and administrative regulations and any other rules or requirements that may be promulgated by relevant authorities from time to time; and
     
  (2) requires approvals by the audit committee of the board of directors, at least two-thirds of the board of directors and the shareholders at the Shareholders' general meeting.
     
Article 98.
The board of directors shall carry out its duties in compliance with the laws, administrative regulations, these articles of association and resolutions of the Shareholders' general meetings.  
   
Article 99. The Chairman of the board of directors shall exercise the following powers:
   
  (1) to preside over Shareholders' general meetings and to convene and preside over meetings of the board of directors;
     
  (2) to check on the implementation of resolutions of the board of directors;
     
  (3) to sign the securities certificates issued by the Company;
     
  (4) to exercise other powers conferred by the board of directors.
     
 
When the Chairman is unable to exercise his powers, the Chairman may designate the Vice-chairman to exercise such powers on the Chairman's behalf.
 
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Article 100. Meetings of the board of directors shall be held at least twice every year and convened by the Chairman of the board of directors. Notice of the meeting shall be served on all of the directors ten (10) days before the date of the meeting. In case of any urgent matters, the Chairman may convene an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors; upon requisition by more than one half of the directors, an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors must be held; upon requisition by more than one third of the directors or by the general manager, an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors may be held.
   
Article 101. Meetings and extraordinary meetings of the board of directors shall be notified in the following ways:
   
  (1) No notice of directors' regular meeting shall be required, if the time and place of regular meetings of the board of directors have been fixed by the board of directors in advance.
     
  (2) Notice of the time and place of a meeting of the board of directors for which the time and place have not otherwise been set in advance by the board of directors shall be sent by the Chairman through the secretary to the board of directors to each of the directors and the chairman of the supervisory committee by telex, telegram, facsimile, express delivery, registered mail or personal delivery not less than ten (10) days before such meeting.
     
  (3) Notice shall be in Chinese and, where necessary, in English also and shall include an agenda of the meeting.
     
Article 102.
Notice of a meeting shall be deemed to have been given to any director who attends the meeting without protesting against, before or at its commencement, any lack of notice.
     
Article 103. Any regular or extraordinary meeting of the board of directors may be held by conference telephone or similar communication equipment so long as all directors participating in the meeting can clearly hear and communicate with each other, and all such directors shall be deemed to be present in person at the meeting.
   
Article 104. Meetings of the board of directors shall be held only if more than half of the directors (including any director appointed pursuant to Article 105 below) are present.
   
  A resolution of the board of directors shall be decided on a show of hands.
 
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Each director shall have one vote. Unless otherwise provided for in these articles of association, a resolution of the board of directors must be passed by more than half of all the directors.
   
 
Where the number of votes cast for and against a resolution are equal, the Chairman of the board of directors shall have a casting vote.
   
 
Where a director or his or her associate(s) (as defined in the relevant rules governing the listing of securities) will benefit from, or has a
material interest in, any resolution proposed at a board meeting, such director shall abstain from voting on such resolution at that board meeting. Such director shall not be counted in the quorum for the relevant meeting.
   
Article 105.
Directors shall attend the meetings of the board of directors in person. Where a director is unable to attend a meeting for any reason, he may appoint another director by a written power of attorney to attend the meeting on his behalf. The power of attorney shall set out the scope of the authorization.
   
 
A Director appointed as a representative of another director to attend the meeting shall exercise the rights of a director within the scope of authority conferred by the appointing director. Where a director is unable to attend a meeting of the board of directors and has not appointed a representative to attend the meeting on his behalf, he shall be deemed to have waived his right to vote at the meeting.
   
 
In respect of any matter requiring the resolution of any extraordinary meeting of the board of directors, a resolution approved in writing by at least such number of directors as may be required pursuant to Article 96 of these Articles after the proposed resolution has been reduced into writing and delivered to all directors, shall be deemed to be a valid resolution and a board meeting shall be dispensed with.
   
Article 106. The board of directors shall keep minutes of resolutions on matters discussed at meetings. The minutes shall be signed by the directors present at the meeting and the person who recorded the minutes. The directors shall be liable for the resolutions of the board of directors. If a resolution of the board of directors violates the laws, administrative regulations or these articles of association and results in the Company sustaining serious losses, the directors participating in the resolution are liable to compensate the Company. However, if it can be proven that a director expressly objected to the resolution when the resolution is voted on, and that such objection is recorded in the minutes of the meeting, such director may be released from such liability.
 
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Article 106 (A)
At least one-third and not less than three of the members of the board of directors shall be independent directors, at least one of whom
must be an accounting professional. Independent directors shall carry out duties faithfully, safeguard the interests of the Company and pay close attention to the protection of the legal rights and interests of the public shareholders from detriment.
   
 
Independent directors shall carry out duties independently and shall not be influenced by:
   
  (1) any substantial shareholder or actual controlling person of the Company;   or
     
  (2) any interested entity or individual of the Company or any of its substantial shareholders or actual controlling persons.
     
Article 106 (B)
Except as provided otherwise under relevant laws and administrative regulations, the board of directors, the supervisory committee or any shareholder(s) individually or jointly holding more than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Company may nominate candidates for election at a Shareholders' general meeting as independent directors.  
     
Article 106 (C)
Any material connected transaction of the Company and the retaining or dismissal of an accounting firm shall not be submitted for
consideration by the board of directors unless it is approved by more than half of the independent directors. Consent of more than half of the independent directors is required for:
     
  (1)
any request by the independent directors to the board of directors to convene an extraordinary Shareholders' general meeting or a board meeting; or
     
  (2) public solicitation for proxies from the shareholders prior to a Shareholders' general meeting.
     
 
With the consent of all independent directors, the independent directors may retain outside auditors or consultants for audit or consultation with respect to any specific matters of the Company. The Company shall bear the related expenses.
   
Article 106 (D) The independent directors shall:
   
  (1) attend the meetings of the board of directors as scheduled;
     
  (2) familiarize themselves with the business operations of the Company; and
 
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  (3)
make voluntary inquiries and gather the information and materials required for making decisions.
     
 
The independent directors shall submit to the shareholders' annual general meetings annual reports of all independent directors which should discuss the performance by the independent directors of their duties.
     
Article 106 (E)
The Company shall establish work procedures of independent directors. The secretary of the board of directors shall cooperate with
independent directors with respect to the performance of their duties. The Company shall:
     
  (1)
ensure that the independent directors enjoy the same right of access to information as other directors;
     
  (2) furnish the independent directors with relevant materials and information in a timely manner;
     
  (3) make available information relating to the operations of the Company periodically; and
     
  (4) arrange on-site visits for the independent directors, if necessary.
     
Article 106 (F)
The term of office of the independent directors shall be the same as that of other directors. Subject to all applicable laws and
administrative regulations, at the expiry of an independent director's term, the term is renewable upon re-election. Any independent director shall not be dismissed without due cause prior to the expiration of his/her term of office. The Company shall disclose as a special discloseable matter any dismissal of an independent director prior to expiration of his/her term.
   
Article 106 (G)
An independent director may resign before his/her term of office expires. An independent director shall submit to the board of directors his/her letter of resignation, in which he/she shall explain any issue that is related to his/her resignation or warrants attention of the shareholders and the creditors of the Company.
   
 
If the resignation of any independent director causes the number of independent directors or directors to be less than the minimum number prescribed by law or these articles of association, the resigning independent director shall carry out his/her duties in accordance with the laws, administrative regulations and these articles of association until election of a successor independent director. The board of director shall convene a Shareholders' general meeting within two months for the election of the successor independent director. A resigning independent director may cease to carry out duties in the case of failure by the board of directors to convene the Shareholders' general meeting within the time limit.
 
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CHAPTER 11: SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
Article 107. The Company shall have a secretary of the board of directors who shall be a senior administrative officer of the Company.
   
Article 108.
The secretary of the Company's board of directors shall be a natural person who has the requisite professional knowledge and experience, and shall be appointed by the board of directors. His primary responsibilities are to ensure that:
   
  (1) the Company has complete organisational documents and records;
     
  (2)
the Company prepares and delivers in accordance with law those reports and documents required by competent authorities entitled thereto;
     
  (3)
the Company's registers of shareholders are properly maintained, and that persons entitled to the Company's records and documents are furnished with such records and documents without delay.
     
  (4) the Company has a department of investor relations that is specially responsible for strengthening the communications with the shareholders, especially the public shareholders. The secretary of the board of directors shall be in charge of the department of investor relations.
     
Article 109.
A director or other senior administrative officer of the Company may hold the office of the secretary of the board of directors
concurrently. The accountant(s) of the certified public accountants firm appointed by the Company shall not act as the secretary of the board of directors.
   
 
Provided that where the office of secretary is held concurrently by a director, and an act is required to be done by a director and a secretary separately, the person who holds the office of director and secretary may not perform the act in dual capacity.
 
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CHAPTER 12: GENERAL MANAGER
 
Article 110.
The Company shall have one general manager, who shall be appointed and dismissed by the board of directors. The Company shall have a number of deputy general managers who should assist the general manager in his work. The term of office of the general manager and deputy general managers is three (3) years and renewable upon re-election and reappointment.
   
Article 111.
The general manager shall be accountable to the board of directors and exercise the following functions and powers:
   
  (1)
to be in charge of the Company's production, operation and management and to organize the implementation of the resolutions of the board of directors;
     
  (2) to organize the implementation of the Company's annual business plan and investment plan;
     
  (3) to draft plans for the establishment of the Company's internal management structure;
     
  (4) to establish the Company's basic management system;
     
  (5) to formulate basic rules and regulations for the Company;
     
  (6) to propose the appointment or dismissal of the Company's deputy general manager(s) and the financial controller;
     
  (7) to appoint or dismiss management personnel other than those required to be appointed or dismissed by the board of directors;
     
  (8) other powers conferred by these articles of association and the board of directors.
     
Article 112.
The general manager may be present at meetings of the board of directors. The general manager has no voting rights at the board meetings unless he is also a director.
   
Article 113. The general manager and deputy general managers shall not, in exercising their powers, vary the resolutions of Shareholders' general
meetings and those of the board of directors or exceed the scope of their authorities.
   
Article 114.
The general manager and deputy general managers, in performing their functions and powers shall act honestly and diligently and in
accordance with laws, administrative regulations and these articles of association.
 
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CHAPTER 13: SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
 
Article 115. The Company shall have a supervisory committee.
   
Article 116.
The supervisory committee shall be composed of 5 supervisors. The term of office of supervisors shall be three (3) years renewable upon re-election and re-appointment. The supervisory committee shall have one chairman who is subject to election or removal with the consent of two thirds or more of the members of the supervisory committee. The term of office of the chairman shall be three (3) years renewable upon re-election and re-appointment.
   
Article 117. The supervisory committee shall comprise of 3 representatives of shareholders who shall be elected or removed by the shareholders in general meeting and 2 representatives of staff and workers of the Company who shall be elected or removed democratically by the staff and workers.
   
Article 118.
The directors, general manager, deputy general managers and financial controller shall not act concurrently as supervisors.
   
Article 119.
Meetings of the supervisory committee shall be held at least once a year, and shall be convened by the chairman of the supervisory committee.
   
 
A person convening a meeting of the supervisory committee shall notify all supervisors in writing 10 days prior to the meeting. A notice of meeting shall specify:
   
  (1) the date and the place of the meeting;
     
  (2) the length of the meeting;
     
  (3) the matters and topics to be discussed; and
     
  (4) the date of the notice.
     
Article 120.
The supervisory committee shall be accountable to the Shareholders' general meeting and exercise the following functions and powers in accordance with law:
     
  (1) to examine the Company's financial situation;
     
  (2)
to supervise the directors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers to see whether they act in contradiction with the laws, administrative regulations and these articles of association;
 
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  (3) to demand rectification from a director, the manager or any other senior administrative officer when the acts of such persons are harmful to the Company's interest;
     
  (4) to check the financial information such as the financial report, business report and plans for distribution of profits to be submitted by the board of directors to the Shareholders' general meetings and, should any queries arise, to authorize, in the name of the Company, a reexamination by the public certified accountants and practising auditors of the Company for the time being;
     
  (5) to propose to convene a shareholders' extraordinary general meeting;
     
  (6) to represent the Company in negotiation with or bringing an action against a director;
     
  (7) other functions and powers specified in these articles of association.
     
 
Members of the supervisory committee shall be present at meetings of the board of directors.
   
Article 121.
Meetings of the supervisory committee shall be held only when more than half of the supervisors are present.
   
 
A resolution of the supervisory committee shall be decided on a show of hands. Each supervisor shall have one vote.
   
 
Resolutions of the supervisory committee shall be passed by two thirds or more of all of its members.
   
Article 122.
All reasonable fees incurred in respect of the employment of professionals such as lawyers, certified public accountants or practising
auditors for the time being as are required by the supervisory committee in exercising its functions and powers shall be borne by the Company.
   
Article 123.
A supervisor shall carry out his duties honestly and faithfully in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and these articles of
association.
 
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CHAPTER 14: THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF THE
DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, GENERAL MANAGER, DEPUTY
GENERAL MANAGERS AND OTHER SENIOR ADMINISTRATIVE
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
 
Article 124.
A person may not serve as a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager and any other senior administrative officer of the Company if any of the following circumstances apply:
     
  (1)
a person without capacity for civil conduct or with restricted capacity for civil conduct;
     
  (2) a person who has committed an offence of corruption, bribery, infringement of property, misappropriation of property or sabotaging the social economic order and has been punished because of committing such offence; or who has been deprived of his political rights, in each case where less than five (5) years have elapsed since the date of the completion of implementation of his punishment;
     
  (3) a person who is a former director, factory manager or manager of a company or enterprise which has entered into insolvent liquidation because of mismanagement and is personally liable for the insolvency of such company or enterprise, where less than three (3) years have elapsed since the date of the completion of the insolvency and liquidation of the company or enterprise;
     
  (4)
a person who is a former legal representative of a company or enterprise which had its business licence revoked due to a violation of the law and who incurred personal liability, where less than three (3) years has elapsed since the date of the revocation of the business licence;
     
  (5)
a person who has a relatively large amount of debts due and outstanding;
     
  (6)
a person who is under criminal investigation or prosecution by judicial organs for violation of the criminal law which is not yet
concluded;
     
  (7)
a person who is not eligible for enterprise leadership according to laws and administrative regulations;
     
  (8) a non-natural person;
     
  (9)
a person who is convicted of contravention of provisions of relevant securities regulations by a relevant competent authority, and such conviction involves a finding that he has acted  fraudulently or dishonestly, where less than five (5) years has elapsed since the date of the conviction.
 
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Article 125.
The validity of an act of a director, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer on behalf of the
Company is not, vis-a-vis a bona fide third party, affected by any irregularity in his office, election or any defect in his qualification.
   
Article 126.
In addition to the obligations imposed by laws, administrative regulations or required by the listing rules of the stock exchange on which shares of the Company are listed, each of the Company's directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers owes a duty to each shareholder, in the exercise of the functions and powers of the Company entrusted to him:
   
  (1)
not to cause the Company to exceed the scope of business stipulated in its business licence;
     
  (2) to act honestly in the best interests of the Company;
     
  (3) not to expropriate in any guise the Company's property, including (without limitation) usurpation of opportunities advantageous to the Company;
     
  (4)
not to expropriate the individual rights of shareholders, including (without limitation) rights to distribution and voting rights, save pursuant to a restructuring of the Company submitted to shareholders for approval in accordance with these articles of association.
     
Article 127. Each of the Company's directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers owes a duty, in the exercise of his powers and discharge of his duties, to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances.
   
Article 128.
Each of the Company's directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers shall
exercise his powers or carry on his duties in accordance with the principle of fiduciary; and shall not put himself in a position where his duty and his interest may conflict. This principle includes (without limitation) discharging the following obligations:
   
  (1) to act honestly in the best interests of the Company;
     
  (2) to exercise powers within the scope of his powers and not to exceed those powers;
 
47

 
  (3) to exercise the discretion vested in him personally and not to allow himself to act under the control of another and, unless and to the extent permitted by laws, administrative regulations or with the informed consent of shareholders given in general meeting, not to delegate the exercise of his discretion;
     
  (4) to treat shareholders of the same class equally and to treat shareholders of different classes fairly;
     
  (5) except in accordance with these articles of association or with the informed consent of shareholders given in general meeting, not to enter into any contract, transaction or arrangement with the Company;
     
  (6) without the informed consent of shareholders given in general meeting, not to use the Company's property for his own benefit;
     
  (7) not to exploit his position to accept bribes or other illegal income or expropriate the Company's property by any means, including (without limitation) opportunities advantageous to the Company;
     
  (8) without the informed consent of shareholders given in general meeting, not to accept commissions in connection with the Company's transactions;
     
  (9) to abide by these articles of association, execute his official duties faithfully and protect the Company's interests, and not to exploit his position and power in the Company to advance his own private interests;
     
  (10) not to compete with the Company in any way unless with the informed consent of shareholders given in general meeting;
     
  (11) not to misappropriate the Company's funds or lend such funds to others, not to open accounts in his own name or other names for the deposit of the Company's assets and not to provide a guarantee for debts of a shareholder of the Company or other individual(s) with the Company's assets;
     
  (12) unless otherwise permitted by informed shareholders in general meeting, to keep in confidence information acquired by him in the course of and during his tenure and not to use the information other than in furtherance of the interests of the Company, save that disclosure of such information to the court or other governmental authorities is permitted if
 
48

 
    (i) disclosure is made under compulsion of law;
       
   
(ii)
the interests of the public require disclosure;
       
    (iii)
the interests of the relevant director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officers require disclosure.
       
Article 129.
Each director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer of the Company shall not cause the following persons or institutions ("associates") to do what he is prohibited from doing:
       
  (1) the spouse or minor child of that director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative
officer;
     
  (2) a person acting in the capacity of trustee of that director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior
administrative officer or any person referred to in the preceding sub-paragraph (1);
     
  (3) a person acting in the capacity of partner of that director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior
administrative officer or any person referred to in sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article;
     
  (4)
a company in which that director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer, alone or jointly with one or more persons referred to in sub-paragraphs (l), (2) and (3) of this Article and other directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers have a de facto controlling interest;
     
  (5)
the directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers of the controlled company referred to in the preceding sub-paragraph (4).
     
Article 130.
The fiduciary duties of the directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers
of the Company do not necessarily cease with the termination of their tenure. The duty of confidence in relation to trade secrets of the Company survives the termination of their tenure. Other duties may continue for such period as fairness may require depending on the time lapse between the termination  and the act concerned and the circumstances under which the relationships between them and the Company are terminated.
 
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Article 131.
Subject to Article 52, a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer of the
Company may be relieved of liability for specific breaches of his duty by the informed consent of shareholders given at a general meeting.
   
Article 132. Where a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer of the Company is in any
way, directly or indirectly, materially interested in a contract, transaction or arrangement or proposed contract, transaction or arrangement with the Company, (other than his contract of service with the Company), he shall declare the nature and extent of his interests to the board of directors at the earliest opportunity, whether or not the contract, transaction or arrangement or proposal therefor is otherwise subject to the approval of the board of directors.
   
 
A director shall abstain from voting at a board meeting the purpose of which is to approve contracts, transactions or arrangements that such director or any of his or her associates (as defined in the relevant rules governing the listing of securities) has a material interest. Such director shall not be counted in the quorum for the relevant board meeting.
   
 
Unless the interested director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer discloses his interests in accordance with this Article and the contract, transaction or arrangement is approved by the board of directors at a meeting in which the interested director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer is not counted in the quorum and refrains from voting, a contract, transaction or arrangement in which that director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer is materially interested is voidable at the instance of the Company except as against a bona fide party thereto acting without notice of the breach of duty by the interested director, supervisor,
general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer.
   
 
For the purposes of this Article, a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer of the Company is deemed to be interested in a contract, transaction or arrangement in which an associate of him is interested.
   
Article 133.
Where a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer of the Company gives to the board of directors a general notice in writing stating that, by reason of the facts  specified in the notice, he is interested in contracts, transactions or arrangements of any description which may subsequently be made by the Company, that notice shall be deemed for the purposes of the preceding Article to be a sufficient declaration of his interests, so far as the content stated in such notice is concerned, provided that such general notice shall have been given before the date on which the question of entering into the relevant contract, transaction or arrangement is first taken into consideration on behalf of the Company.
 
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Article 134.
The Company shall not in any manner pay taxes for or on behalf of a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer.
   
Article 135.
The Company shall not directly or indirectly make a loan to or provide any guarantee in connection with the making of a loan to a
director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer of the Company or of the Company's holding company or any of their respective associates. However, the following transactions are not subject to such prohibition:
   
  (1)
the provision by the Company of a loan or a guarantee of a loan to a company which is a subsidiary of the Company;
     
  (2)
the provision by the Company of a loan or a guarantee in connection with the making of a loan or any other funds to any of its directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him for the purposes of the Company or for the purpose of enabling him to perform his duties properly, in accordance with the terms of a service contract approved by the shareholders in general meeting;
     
  (3) the Company may make a loan to or provide a guarantee in connection with the making of a loan to any of the relevant directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers or their respective associates in the ordinary course of its business on normal commercial terms, provided that the ordinary course of business of the Company includes the lending of money or the giving of guarantees.
     
Article 136. A loan made by the Company in breach of the preceding Article shall be forthwith repayable by the recipient of the loan regardless of the terms of the loan.
 
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Article 137.
A guarantee for repayment of loan provided by the Company in breach of Article 135 shall not be enforceable against the Company, unless:
       
  (1)
the guarantee was provided in connection with a loan to an associate of any of the directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers of the Company or of the Company's holding company and at the time the loan was advanced the lender did not know the relevant circumstances; or
     
  (2)
the collateral provided by the Company has been lawfully disposed of by the lender to a bona fide purchaser.
     
Article 138.
For the purposes of the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, a "guarantee" includes an undertaking or property provided to secure the performance of obligations by the obligor.
   
Article 139. In addition to any rights and remedies provided by the laws and  administrative regulations, where a director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer of the Company is in breach of his duties to the Company, the Company has a right to:
   
  (1)
claim damages from the director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer in compensation for losses sustained by the Company as a result of such breach;
     
  (2)
rescind any contract or transaction entered into by the Company with the director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer or with a third party (where such third party knows or should know that there is such a breach of duties by such director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer);
     
  (3)
demand an account of the profits made by the director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer in breach of his duties;
     
  (4) recover any monies received by the director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer to the use of the Company, including (without limitation) commissions; and
     
  (5)
demand payment of the interest earned or which may have been earned by the director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer on the monies that should have been paid to the Company.
 
52

 
 
Article 140. The Company shall, with the prior approval of shareholders in general meeting, enter into a contract in writing with a director or supervisor wherein his emoluments are stipulated. The aforesaid emoluments include:
     
  (1) emoluments in respect of his service as director, supervisor or senior administrative officer of the Company;
     
  (2)
emoluments in respect of his service as director, supervisor or senior administrative officer of any subsidiary of the Company;
     
  (3) emoluments in respect of the provision of other services in connection with the management of the affairs of the Company and any of its subsidiaries;
     
  (4)
payment by way of compensation for loss of office, or as consideration for or in connection with his retirement from office.
     
 
Except under a contract entered into in accordance with the foregoing, no proceedings may be brought by a director or supervisor against the Company for anything due to him in respect of the matters mentioned in this Article.
   
Article 141. The contract concerning the emoluments between the Company and its directors or supervisors should provide that in the event of a takeover of the Company, the Company's directors and supervisors shall, subject to the prior approval of the shareholders in general meeting, have the right to receive compensation or other payment in respect of his loss of office or retirement. A takeover of the Company referred to in this paragraph means any of the following:
   
  (1) an offer made by any person to the general body of shareholders;
     
  (2)
an offer made by any person with a view to the offeror becoming a "controlling shareholder" within the meaning of Article 53.
   
 
If the relevant director or supervisor does not comply with this Article, any sum so received by him shall belong to those persons who have sold their shares as a result of the said offer made. The expenses incurred in distributing that sum pro rata amongst those persons shall be borne by the relevant director or supervisor and not paid out of that sum.
 
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CHAPTER 15: FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AND PROFIT DISTRIBUTION
 
Article 142.
The Company shall establish its financial and accounting systems and internal audit system in accordance with laws, administrative
regulations and PRC accounting standards formulated by the finance regulatory department of the State Council.
   
Article 143. At the end of each fiscal year, the Company shall prepare a financial report which shall be examined and verified as provided by law.
   
 
The Company's financial reports shall include the following accounting statements and schedules:
       
  (1) balance sheet;
     
  (2) profit and loss statement;
     
  (3) statement of financial changes;
     
  (4) explanation of financial conditions;
     
  (5) profit distribution statement.
     
Article 144. The board of directors of the Company shall place before the shareholders at every annual general meeting such financial reports as are required by any laws, administrative regulations or directives promulgated by competent regional and central governmental authorities to be prepared by the Company.
   
Article 145.
The Company's financial reports shall be made available for shareholders' inspection at the Company twenty (20) days before the date of every shareholders' annual general meeting. Each shareholder shall be entitled to obtain a copy of the financial reports referred to in this  Chapter.
   
 
The Company shall deliver or send to each shareholder of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares by prepaid mail at the address registered in the register of shareholders the said reports not later than twenty-one (21) days before the date of every annual general meeting of shareholders.
   
Article 146.
The financial statements of the Company shall, in addition to being prepared in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations, be prepared in accordance with either international accounting standards, or that of the place outside the PRC where the Company's shares are listed. If there is any material difference between the financial statements prepared respectively in accordance with the two accounting standards, such difference shall be stated in the financial statements. When the Company is to distribute its after-tax profits, the lower of the after-tax profits as shown in the two financial statements shall be adopted.
 
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Article 147.
Any interim results or financial information published or disclosed by the Company must also be prepared and presented in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations, and also in accordance with either international accounting standards or that of the overseas place where the Company's shares are listed.
   
Article 148.
The Company shall publish its financial reports twice every fiscal year, that is, the interim financial report shall be published within sixty (60) days after the expiration of the first six (6) months of each fiscal year; the annual financial report shall be published within one hundred and twenty (120) days after the expiration of each fiscal year.
   
Article 149.
The Company shall not keep accounts other than those provided by law.
   
Article 150.
The Company shall implement an internal auditing system, and establish an internal auditing organization or provide internal auditing
personnel to undertake the internal auditing and supervision over the Company's income and expenses and other economic activities under the leadership of the supervisory committee.
   
Article 151.
The Company's after-tax profit shall be allocated in accordance
with the following order:
     
  (1) making up for losses;
     
  (2) allocation to the statutory common reserve fund;
     
  (3) allocation to the statutory common welfare fund;
     
  (4) allocation to the discretionary common reserve fund upon approval by resolution of the Shareholders' general meeting;
     
  (5) payment of dividends in respect of ordinary shares.
     
 
The board of directors shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations of the State (if any) and the Company's
operation and development requirements, determine the detail proportions of profit distributions in items (2) to (5) above and submit its determination to the Shareholders' general meeting for approval.
   
Article 152. Capital common reserve fund includes the following items:
 
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  (1) premium on shares issued at a premium price;
     
  (2) any other income designated for the capital common reserve fund by the regulations of the finance regulatory department of the State Council.
     
Article 153.
The common reserve fund of the Company shall be applied to the following purposes:
     
  (1) making up losses;
     
  (2) expansion of the Company's production and operation;
     
  (3) transfer or increase of capital.
     
 
When the Company converts its common reserve fund into its capital upon a resolution adopted in Shareholders' general meeting, the Company shall either distribute new shares in proportion to the shareholders' number of shares, or increase the par value of each share, provided, however, that when the statutory common reserve fund is converted to capital, the balance of the statutory common reserve fund may not fall below 25 per cent of the registered capital.
     
Article 154. The Company's statutory common welfare fund is used for the collective welfare of the Company's staff and workers.
   
Article 155.
The Company shall not declare dividend before making up its losses and allocating funds to the statutory common reserve fund and statutory common welfare fund.
   
Article 156.
Dividends shall be distributed in accordance with the proportion of shares held by shareholders.
   
 
Unless otherwise resolved by the Shareholders' general meeting, the Company apart from distributing annual dividends, may by its board of directors acting under the power conferred by the Shareholders' general meeting, distribute interim dividends. Unless otherwise stipulated by laws or administrative regulations, the amount of interim dividends distributed shall not exceed 50 per cent of the distributable profits as stated in the interim profits statement of the Company.
   
Article 157. The Company may distribute dividends in the following manner:
     
  (1) cash;
 
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  (2) shares.
     
Article 158. Dividends or other payments declared by the Company to be payable  to holders of Domestic-Invested Shares shall be declared and calculated in Renminbi, and paid in Renminbi; and those payable to holders of Foreign-Invested Shares shall be declared and calculated in Renminbi, and paid in the local currency at the place where such Foreign-Invested Shares are listed (if there is more than one place of listing, then the principal place of listing as determined by the board of directors).
   
 
Foreign currency required by the Company for payment of dividends or other sums to holders of Foreign-Invested Shares shall be handled in accordance with the relevant foreign exchange control regulations of the State. If there is no applicable regulation, the applicable exchange rate shall be the average closing rate for the relevant foreign currency announced by the Peoples' Bank of China for the week prior to the announcement of the payment of dividend or other sums.
   
Article 159.
The Company shall, in accordance with the People's Republic of China's tax law, withhold and make payments on behalf of shareholders in respect of their tax payable on their dividends income.
   
Article 160.
The Company shall appoint on behalf of the holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares receiving agents to receive on
behalf of such shareholders dividends declared and all other monies owing by the Company in respect of their shares.
   
 
The receiving agents appointed by the Company shall comply with the relevant requirements of the law of the place and relevant regulations of the stock exchange where the Company's shares are listed.
   
 
The receiving agents appointed on behalf of holders of H Shares shall be a company registered as a trust company under the Trustee Ordinance of Hong Kong.
 
CHAPTER 16: APPOINTMENT OF ACCOUNTANTS FIRM
 
Article 161.
The Company shall appoint an independent firm of accountants which is qualified under the relevant regulations of the State to audit the Company's annual report and review the Company's other financial reports.
   
 
The first accountants firm of the Company may be appointed by the inaugural meeting of the Company before the first annual general meeting and the accountants firm so appointed shall hold office until the conclusion of the first annual general meeting.
 
57

 
 
If the inaugural meeting fails to exercise its powers under the preceding paragraph, those powers shall be exercised by the board of directors.
   
Article 162. The accountants firm appointed by the Company shall hold office from the conclusion of the annual general meeting of shareholders until the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of shareholders.
   
Article 163.
The accountants firm appointed by the Company shall have the following rights:
   
  (1)
A right of access at any time to the books and records and vouchers of the Company, and shall be entitled to require from the directors, general manager, deputy general managers and other senior administrative officers of the Company any relevant information and explanation;
     
  (2)
A right to require the Company to take all reasonable steps to obtain from its subsidiaries such information and explanation as are necessary for the purposes of discharging its duties;
     
  (3) A right to attend Shareholders' general meetings and to receive all notices of, and other communications relating to, any Shareholders' general meeting which any shareholder is entitled to receive, and to speak at any Shareholders' general meeting in relation to matters concerning its role as the Company's accountants firm.
     
Article 164.
Before the convening of the Shareholders' general meeting, the board of directors may fill any casual vacancy in the office of an
accountants firm, but while any such vacancy continues, the surviving or continuing firms, if any, may act.
   
Article 165.
The shareholders in general meeting may by ordinary resolution remove an accountants firm before the expiration of its term of office,
notwithstanding the stipulations in the contract between the Company and the firm, but without prejudice to the firm's right to claim, if any, for damages in respect of such removal.
   
Article 166.
The remuneration of an accountants firm or the manner in which such firm is to be remunerated shall be determined by the shareholders in general meeting. The remuneration of an accountants firm appointed by the board of directors shall be determined by the board of directors.
 
58

 
Article 167.
The Company's appointment of, removal of and non-reappointment of an accountants firm shall be resolved upon by shareholders in general meeting. The resolution of the Shareholders' general meeting shall be filed with the securities governing authority of the State Council.
   
 
Where it is proposed that any resolution be passed at a Shareholders' general meeting concerning the appointment of an accountants firm which is not an incumbent firm to fill a casual vacancy in the office of the accountants firm; re-appointment of a retiring accountants firm which was appointed by the board of directors of the Company to fill a casual vacancy; or removal of the accountants firm before the expiration of its term of office, the following provisions shall apply:
     
  (1) A copy of the proposal shall be sent before notice of meeting is given to the shareholders to the firm proposed to be appointed or proposing to leave its post or the firm which has left its post in the relevant fiscal year (leaving includes leaving by removal, resignation and retirement).
     
  (2)
If the firm leaving its post makes representations in writing and requests the Company to notify such representations to the
shareholders, the Company shall (unless the representations are received too late):
     
    (i)
in any notice of the resolution given to shareholders, state the fact of the representations having been made; and
       
    (ii)
attach a copy of the representations to the notice and deliver it to the shareholders in the manner stipulated in these Articles.
       
  (3) If the firm's representations are not sent in accordance with the preceding sub-paragraph (2), the relevant firm may (in addition to its right to be heard) require that the representations be read out at the meeting.
     
  (4) An accountants firm which is leaving its post shall be entitled to attend:
       
    (i) the Shareholders' general meeting at which its term of office would otherwise have expired;
       
    (ii) any Shareholders' general meeting at which it is proposed to fill the vacancy caused by its removal; and
       
    (iii)
any Shareholders' general meeting convened on its resignation;  and to receive all notices of, and other communications relating to, any such meetings, and to speak at any such meeting in relation to matters concerning its role as the former accountants firm of the Company.
 
59

 
Article 168.
Prior to the removal or the non-renewal of the appointment of the accountants firm, notice of such removal or non-renewal shall be given to the accountants firm and such firm shall be entitled to make representation at the Shareholders' general meeting. Where the accountants firm resigns its post, it shall make clear to the Shareholders' general meeting whether there has been any impropriety on the part of the Company.
   
 
An accountants firm may resign its office by depositing at the Company's legal address a resignation notice which shall become effective on the date of such deposit or on such later date as may be stipulated in such notice and such notice shall include the following:
   
  (1)
a statement to the effect that there are no circumstances connected with its resignation which it considers should be brought to the notice of the shareholders or creditors of the Company;
     
  (2) a statement of any such circumstances.
     
 
Where a notice is deposited under the preceding subparagraph, the Company shall within fourteen (14) days send a copy of the notice to the relevant governing authority. If the notice contains a statement under the preceding subparagraph (2), a copy of such statement shall be placed at the Company for shareholders' inspection. The Company should also send a copy of such statement by prepaid mail to every holder of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares at the address registered in the register of shareholders.
   
 
Where the accountants firm's notice of resignation contains a statement of any circumstance which should be brought to the notice of the shareholders or creditors of the Company, it may require the board of directors to convene a shareholders' extraordinary general meeting for the purpose of receiving an explanation of the circumstances connected with its resignation.
 
CHAPTER 17: INSURANCE
 
Article 169.
The types of coverage, the insured amounts and periods of the Company's insurance shall be decided at a meeting of the board of directors based on the circumstances of the Company and the practices of similar industries in other countries and the practice and legal requirements in China.
 
60

 
CHAPTER 18: LABOUR AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Article 170.
The Company shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Labour Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws or regulations of the State, formulate its labour and personnel management systems which shall be appropriate to its particular circumstances.
 
CHAPTER 19: TRADE UNION
 
Article 171. The Company shall establish trade union organizations and organize staff and workers to carry out trade union activities in accordance with the Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China.
   
 
The Company shall allocate funds to the trade union in accordance with the  Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China. Such fund shall be used by the trade union of the Company in accordance with the "Measures for the Management of Trade Union Funds" formulated by the All China Federation of Trade Unions.
 
CHAPTER 20: MERGER AND DIVISION OF THE COMPANY  
 
Article 172.
In the event of the merger or division of the Company, a plan shall be presented by the Company's board of directors and shall be approved in accordance with the procedures stipulated in these articles of association and then the relevant examining and approving formalities shall be processed as required by law. A shareholder who objects to the plan of merger or division shall have the right to demand the Company or the shareholders who consent to the plan of merger or division to acquire that dissenting shareholder's shareholding at a fair price. The contents of the resolution of merger or division of the Company shall be made into special documents for shareholders' inspection.
   
 
Such special documents shall be sent by mail to holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares.
   
Article 173. The merger of the Company may take the form of either merger by absorption or merger by the establishment of a new company. In the event of a merger, the merging parties shall execute a merger agreement and prepare a balance sheet and an inventory of assets. The Company shall notify its creditors within ten (10) days of the date of the Company's resolution to merge and shall publish a public notice in a  newspaper at least three times within thirty (30) days of the date of the Company's resolution to merge. A creditor has the right within thirty (30) days of receiving such notice from the Company or, for creditors who do not receive the notice, within ninety (90) days of the date of the first public notice, to demand that the Company repay its debts to that creditor or provide a corresponding guarantee for such debt. Where the company fails to repay its debts or provide corresponding guarantees for such debts, it may
not be merged.
 
61

 
 
At the time of merger, rights in relation to debtors and indebtedness of each of the merged parties shall be assumed by the company which survives the merger or the newly established company.
   
Article 174.
When the Company is divided, its assets shall be split up accordingly.
   
 
In the event of division of the Company, the parties to such division shall execute a division agreement and prepare a balance sheet and an inventory of assets. The Company shall notify its creditors within ten (10) days of the date of the Company's resolution to divide and shall publish a public notice in a newspaper at least three times within thirty (30) days of the date of the Company's resolution to divide. A creditor has the right within thirty (30) days of receiving such notice from the Company or, for creditors who do not receive the notice, within ninety (90) days of the date of the first public notice to demand that the Company repay its debts to that creditor or provide a corresponding guarantee for such debt. Where the Company fails to repay its debts or provide corresponding guarantees for such debts, it may not be divided.
   
 
Debts of the Company prior to division are assumed by the post-division companies in accordance with the agreements entered into.
   
Article 175.
When the Company merges or divides and there is a change in any item in its registration, the Company shall change its registration with the companies registration authority in accordance with the law. When the Company dissolves, the Company shall cancel its registration in accordance with the law. When a new company is established, its establishment shall be registered in accordance with the law.
 
CHAPTER 21: DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
 
Article 176. The Company shall be dissolved and liquidated upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
       
  (1) a resolution for dissolution is passed by shareholders at a general meeting;
 
62

 
  (2) dissolution is necessary due to a merger or division of the Company;
     
  (3) the Company is legally declared insolvent due to its failure to repay debts due; and
     
  (4) the Company is ordered to close down because of its violation of laws and administrative regulations.
     
Article 177.
A liquidation group shall be set up within fifteen (15) days of the Company being dissolved pursuant to sub-paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and the composition of the liquidation group of the Company shall be determined by an ordinary resolution of shareholders in general meeting. If a liquidation group to carry out liquidation procedures is not set up within the specified time limit, the creditors may apply to the People's Court to have it designate relevant persons to form a liquidation group in order to carry out liquidation procedures.
   
 
Where the Company is dissolved under sub-paragraph (3) of the preceding Article, the People's Court shall in accordance with provisions of relevant laws organise the shareholders, relevant organizations and relevant professional personnel to establish a liquidation group to carry out liquidation procedures.
   
 
Where the Company is dissolved under sub-paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, the relevant governing authorities shall organise the shareholders, relevant organisations and professional personnel to establish a liquidation group to carry out liquidation procedures.
   
Article 178. Where the board of directors proposes to liquidate the Company due to causes other than where the Company has declared that it is insolvent, the board shall include a statement in its notice convening a Shareholders' general meeting to consider the proposal to the effect that, after making full inquiry into the affairs of the Company, the board of directors is of the opinion that the Company will be able to pay its debts in full within twelve (12) months from the commencement of the liquidation.
   
 
Upon the passing of the resolution by the shareholders in general meeting for the liquidation of the Company, all functions and powers of the board of directors shall cease.
   
 
The liquidation group shall act in accordance with the instructions of the Shareholders' general meeting to make a report at least once every year to the Shareholders' general meeting on the committee's receipts and payments, the business of the Company and the progress of the liquidation; and to present a final report to the Shareholders' general meeting on completion of the liquidation.
 
63

 
Article 179.
The liquidation group shall within ten (10) days of its establishment send notices to creditors, and within sixty (60) days of its
establishment publish a public notice in a newspaper at least three times. A creditor shall within thirty (30) days of receiving notice, or for creditors who do not receive notice, within ninety (90) days of the date of the first public notice, report its creditors' rights to the liquidation group.
   
 
When reporting creditors' rights, the creditor shall provide an explanation of matters relevant to the creditor's rights and shall provide materials as evidence. The liquidation group shall carry out registration of creditors' rights.
   
Article 180.
During the liquidation period, the liquidation group shall exercise the following functions and powers:
   
  (1) to sort out the Company's assets and prepare a balance sheet and an inventory of assets respectively;
     
  (2) to send notices to creditors or notify them by public notice;
     
  (3) to dispose of and liquidate any relevant unfinished business matters of the Company;
     
  (4) to pay all outstanding taxes;
     
  (5) to settle claims and debts;
     
  (6) to deal with the assets remaining after the Company's debts have been repaid;
     
  (7)
to represent the Company in any civil litigation proceedings.
     
Article 181. After sorting out the Company's assets and the preparation of the  balance sheet and an inventory of assets, the liquidation group shall formulate a liquidation plan and present it to a Shareholders' general meeting or to the relevant governing authority for confirmation.
   
 
To the extent that the Company is able to repay its debts, it shall, in the following order, pay: the liquidation expenses, wages of staff and workers, labour insurance fees, outstanding taxes, and the Company's debts.
 
64

 
 
The assets of the Company remaining after its debts have been repaid in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be distributed to its shareholders according to the proportion of their shareholdings.
   
 
During the liquidation period, the Company shall not commence any new operational activities.
   
Article 182.
If after putting the Company's assets in order and preparing a balance sheet and an inventory of assets in connection with the liquidation of the Company resulting from dissolution, the liquidation group discovers that the Company's assets are insufficient to repay the Company's debts in full, the liquidation group shall immediately apply to the People's Court for a declaration of insolvency.
   
Article 183.
After a Company is declared insolvent by a ruling of the People's Court, the liquidation group shall turn over liquidation matters to the People's Court.
   
 
Following the completion of liquidation, the liquidation group shall present a report on liquidation and prepare a statement of the
receipts and payments during the period of liquidation and financial books and records which shall be audited by Chinese registered accountants and submitted to the Shareholders' general meeting or the relevant governing authority for confirmation.
   
 
The liquidation group shall also within thirty (30) days after such confirmation, submit the documents referred to in the preceding paragraph to the companies registration authority and apply for cancellation of registration of the Company, and publish a public notice relating to the termination of the Company.
 
CHAPTER 22: PROCEDURES FOR AMENDMENT OF THE
COMPANY'S ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
 
Article 184.
The Company may amend its articles of association in accordance with the requirements of laws, administrative regulations and the Company's articles of association.
   
Article 185.
The amendments to the Company's articles of association involving  the contents of the Mandatory Provisions shall become effective upon approvals by the Securities Committee of the State Council and the companies approving department authorized by the State Council. If there is any change relating to the registered particulars of the Company, application shall be made for registration of the changes in accordance with law.
 
65

 
CHAPTER 23: SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
 
Article 186.
The Company shall act according to the following principles to settle disputes:
     
  (1)
Whenever any disputes or claims arising between: holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and the Company; holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and the Company's directors, supervisors, general manager, deputy general managers or other senior administrative officers; or holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and holders of Domestic-Invested Shares, based on these articles of association or any rights or obligations conferred or imposed by the Company Law or any other relevant PRC laws and administrative regulations concerning the affairs of the Company, such disputes or claims shall be referred by the relevant parties to arbitration.
     
   
Where a dispute or claim of rights referred to in the preceding paragraph is referred to arbitration, the entire claim or dispute must be referred to arbitration, and all persons who have a cause of action based on the same facts giving rise to the dispute or claim or whose participation is necessary for the resolution of such dispute or claim, shall abide by the arbitration provided that such person is the Company or the Company's shareholder, director, supervisor, general manager, deputy general manager or other senior administrative officer. Disputes in relation to the definition of shareholders and disputes in relation to the shareholders' register need not be resolved by arbitration.
     
  (2)
A claimant may elect arbitration at either the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with its Rules or the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre in accordance with its Securities Arbitration Rules. Once a claimant refers a dispute or claim to arbitration, the other party must submit to the arbitral body elected by the claimant.
     
   
If a claimant elects arbitration at Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre, any party to the dispute or claim may apply for a
hearing to take place in Shenzhen in accordance with the Securities Arbitration Rules of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre.
 
66

 
  (3) If any disputes or claims of rights are settled by way of arbitration in accordance with sub-paragraph (1) of this Article, the laws of the People's Republic of China shall apply, save as otherwise provided in laws and administrative regulations.
     
 
(4)
The award of an arbitration body shall be final and conclusive and binding on all parties.
 
CHAPTER 24: SUPPLEMENTARY
 
Article 187. Any reference in these articles of association to the publication of public notices in a newspaper shall be interpreted as requiring
publication in such newspaper as designated or required in accordance with relevant laws, administrative regulations or rules and, if the relevant notice is required to be given to holder of H Shares, as also requiring the relevant notice to be published in such newspapers as may be required by the term "published in the newspapers" (as defined in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange).
   
Article 188.
In these articles of association, the meaning of an accountants firm is the same as that of "auditors".
 
67

 
 
*** INDICATES CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL OMITTED PURSUANT TO A REQUEST FOR CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT AND FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION SEPARATELY WITH A REQUEST FOR CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT.
 
PURCHASE AGREEMENT NUMBER 3309
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Relating to Boeing Model 737-79P and 737-89P Aircraft
 
with
 
CHINA EASTERN AVIATION IMPORT & EXPORT CORPORATION



TABLE OF CONTENTS

     
SA
 
    
NUMBER
ARTICLES  
     
       
1.
Quantity, Model and Description
 
1
       
2.
Delivery Schedule
 
1
       
3.
Price
 
1
       
4.
Payment
 
2
       
5.
Miscellaneous
 
2
       
TABLE
     
       
1.
Aircraft Information Table – Block A Aircraft
 
5
       
2.
Aircraft Information Table – Block B Aircraft
 
7
       
EXHIBIT
     
       
A-1.
Aircraft Configuration – Block A Aircraft
 
A
       
A-2.
Aircraft Configuration – Block B Aircraft
 
A
       
B.
Aircraft Delivery Requirements and Responsibilities
 
B
       
SUPPLEMENTAL EXHIBITS
   
       
AE1.
Escalation Adjustment/Airframe and Optional Features
 
AE1
       
BFE1.
BFE Variables
 
BFE1
       
CS1.
Customer Support Variables
 
CS1
       
EE1.
Engine Escalation/Engine Warranty and Patent Indemnity
 
EE1
       
SLP1.
Service Life Policy Components
 
SLP1

i


LETTER AGREEMENTS
 
3309-01
737 Spare Parts Initial Provisioning
   
3309-02
Aircraft Model Substitution
   
6-1165-REW-0111
Liquidated Damages Non-Excusable Delay
   
6-1165-REW-0112
Performance Guarantees
   
6-1165-REW-0113
Special Matters - Toolbox Contract Extension
   
6-1165-REW-0114
Special Matters
   
6-1165-REW-0115
Payment Matters
   
6-1165-REW-0116
Government Approval
   
6-1165-REW-0117
Special Escalation Program
   
6-1165-REW-0118
Shareholder Approval
   
6-1165-REW-0119
Board Approval
   
6-1165-REW-0120
Volume Agreement

ii


Purchase Agreement No. 3309
 
between
 
The Boeing Company
 
and
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
 

 
This Purchase Agreement No. 3309 dated as of  30 JAN 2008 between The Boeing Company ( Boeing ) and China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd., ( Customer ) relating to the purchase and sale of Model 737-79P and 737-89P aircraft together with all tables, exhibits, supplemental exhibits, letter agreement and other attachments thereto, if any, ( Purchase Agreement ) incorporates the terms and conditions of the Aircraft General Terms Agreement dated as of March 7, 2001 between the parties, identified as AGTA-CEA (AGTA). Boeing and China Eastern Aviation Import & Export Corporation consent and agree that Customer may utilize the AGTA for the Purchasing Agreement, and Customer agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the AGTA.
 
Article 1. Quantity, Model and Description .
 
The aircraft to be delivered to Customer will be designated as Model 737-79P and 737-89P aircraft (the Aircraft ). Boeing will manufacture and sell to Customer Aircraft conforming to the configuration described in Exhibit A- l and A-2 in the quantities listed in Table 1 and Table 2 to the Purchase Agreement.
 
Article 2. Delivery Schedule .
 
The scheduled months of delivery of the Aircraft are listed in the attached Table 1 and Table 2. Exhibit B describes certain responsibilities for both Customer and Boeing in order to accomplish the delivery of the Aircraft.
 
Article 3. Price.
 
3.1   Aircraft Basic Price . The Aircraft Basic Price is listed in Table 1 and Table 2 in subject to escalation dollars.
 
3.2   Advance Payment Base Prices . The Advance Payment Base Prices listed in Table 1 and Table 2 were calculated utilizing the latest escalation factors available to Boeing on the date of this Purchase Agreement projected to the month of scheduled delivery.

1


Article 4. Payment.
 
***

Article 5. Miscellaneous.
 
5.1   Aircraft Information Table . Table 1 and Table 2 consolidate information contained in Articles 1, 2, 3 and 4 with respect to (i) quantity of Aircraft, (ii) applicable Detail Specification, (iii) month and year of scheduled deliveries, (iv) Aircraft Basic Price, (v) applicable escalation factors and (vi) Advance Payment Base Prices and advance payments and their schedules.
 
5.2   Escalation Adjustment/Airframe and Optional Features . Supplemental Exhibit AE1 contains the applicable airframe and optional features escalation formula.
 
5.3   Buyer Furnished Equipment Variables . Supplemental Exhibit BFE1 contains vendor selection dates, on dock dates and other variables applicable to the Aircraft.
 
5.4   Customer Support Variables . Information, training, services and other things furnished by Boeing in support of introduction of the Aircraft into Customer's fleet are described in Supplemental Exhibit CS1. The level of support to be
 
2


provided under Supplemental Exhibit CS1 (the Entitlements) assumes that at the time of delivery of Customer's first Aircraft under the Purchase Agreement, Customer has taken possession of a 737-79P and 737-89P aircraft whether such aircraft was purchased, leased or otherwise obtained by Customer from Boeing or another party. Under no circumstances under the Purchase Agreement or any other agreement will Boeing provide the Entitlements more than once to support Customer's operation of 737-79P and 737-89P aircraft.

5.5   Engine Escalation Variables . Supplemental Exhibit EE1 describes the applicable engine escalation formula and contains the engine warranty and the engine patent indemnity for the Aircraft.
 
5.6   Service Life Policy Component Variables . Supplemental Exhibit SLP1 lists the SLP Components covered by the Service Life Policy for the Aircraft (Covered Components) .
 
5.7   Public Announcement . Boeing reserves the right to make a public announcement regarding Customer's purchase of the Aircraft upon approval of Boeing's press release by Customer's public relations department or other authorized representative.
 
5.8   Negotiated Agreement; Entire Agreement . This Purchase Agreement, including the provisions of Article 8.2 of the AGTA relating to insurance, and Article 11 of Part 2 of Exhibit C of the AGTA relating to DISCLAIMER AND RELEASE and EXCLUSION OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND OTHER DAMAGES , has been the subject of discussion and negotiation and is understood by the parties; the Aircraft Price and other agreements of the parties stated in this Purchase Agreement were arrived at in consideration of such provisions. This Purchase Agreement, including the AGTA, contains the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all previous proposals, understandings, commitments or representations whatsoever, oral or written, and may be changed only in writing signed by authorized representatives of the parties.
 
5.9   Confidential Treatment . The information contained herein represents confidential business information and has value precisely because it is not available generally or to other parties. By receiving this Purchase Agreement, Customer agrees to limit the disclosure of its contents to employees of Customer with a need to know the contents for purposes of helping Customer evaluate or respond to the Purchase Agreement and who understand they are not to disclose its contents to any other person or entity without the prior written consent of Boeing. In addition to any equitable relief that may be available to Boeing in the event of a breach of this clause, Boeing may rescind any business concessions or delivery positions that are the subject of the unauthorized disclosure by Customer.

3


[***THIS PAGE HAS BEEN REDACTED***]

4


Table 1 to
Aircraft Delivery, Description, Price and Advance Payments

Airframe Model/MTOW:
 
737-700
 
Detail Specification:
 
D019A001CEA37P-1 (8/6/2007)
             
Engine Model/Thrust:
 
CFM56-7B22
 
Airframe Price Base Year/Escalation Formula:
 
***
             
Airframe Price:
 
***
 
Engine Price Base Year/Escalation Formula:
 
***
             
Optional Features:
 
***
     
             
Sub-Total of Airframe and Features:
 
***
 
Airframe Escalation Data :
 
             
Engine Price (Per Aircraft):
 
***
 
Base Year Index (ECI):
 
***
             
Aircraft Basic Price (Excluding BFE/SPE):
 
***
 
Base Year Index (ICI):
 
***
             
Buyer Furnished Equipment (BFE) Estimate:
 
***
     
             
Seller Furnished Equipment (SPE) Estimate:
 
***
     
             
   
***
     
             
Refundable Deposit/Aircraft at proposal Accept:
  
***
  
 
  
 

Delivery Date
 
Number of
Aircraft
 
***
Jul-2011
 
1
 
***
Aug-2012
 
1
 
***
Nov-2012
 
1
 
***
Apr-2013
 
1
 
***
Aug-2013
 
1
 
***
Nov-2013
 
1
 
***
Feb-2014
 
1
 
***
Apr-2014
 
1
 
***
Jun-2014
 
1
 
***
Aug-2014
 
1
 
***
Oct-2014
 
1
 
***
Mar-2015
 
1
 
***
Jun-2015
 
1
 
***
 
5

 
Table 1 to
Aircraft Delivery, Description, Price and Advance Payments (continued)
 
Aug-2015
 
1
 
***
Oct -2015
 
1
 
***
Total:
  
15
  
***
 
6


Table 2 to
Aircraft Delivery, Description, Price and Advance Payments

Airframe Model/MTOW:
 
737-800
 
Detail Specification:
 
D019A001CEA38P-1 REV B (10/3/2005)
             
Engine Model/Thrust:
 
CFM56-7B2
 
Airframe Price Base Year/Escalation Formula:
 
***
             
Airframe Price:
 
***
 
Engine Price Base Year/Escalation Formula:
 
***
             
Optional Features:
 
***
     
 
             
Sub-Total of Airframe and Features:
 
***
 
Airframe Escalation Data :
 
 
             
Engine Price (Per Aircraft):
 
***
 
Base Year Index (ECI):
 
***
             
Aircraft Basic Price (Excluding BFE/SPE):
 
***
 
Base Year Index (ICI):
 
***
             
Buyer Furnished Equipment (BFE) Estimate:
 
***
     
             
Seller Furnished Equipment (SPE) Estimate:
 
***
     
 
   
***
     
 
             
Refundable Deposit/Aircraft at Proposal Accep:
  
***
  
 
  
 

Delivery Date
 
Number of
Aircraft
 
***
Nov-2011
 
1
 
***
Oct-2012
 
1
 
***
Mar-2013
 
1
 
***
Jun-2013
 
1
 
***
Sep-2013
 
1
 
***
Dec-2013
 
1
 
***
Mar-2014
 
1
 
***
May-2014
 
1
 
***
Jul-2014
 
1
 
***
Sep-2014
 
1
 
***
Feb-2015
 
1
 
***
Apr-2015
 
1
 
***
Jul-2015
 
1
 
***
 
7

 
Table 2 to
Aircraft Delivery, Description, Price and Advance Payments (continued)
 
Sep2015
 
1
 
***
Nov-2015
 
1
 
***
Total:
  
15
  
***
 
8

 
AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Exhibit A-1 to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
Block A aircraft

A

 
AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION
 
Dated 30 JAN 2008
 
relating to
 
Block A
 
BOEING MODEL 737-79P AIRCRAFT
 
The Detail Specification is Boeing Detail Specification D019A001CEA38P-1 Rev TBD dated as of TBD. Such Detail Specification will be comprised of Boeing Detail Specification D019A001CEA37P-1 Rev L dated August 6, 2007 as amended to incorporate the Options listed below, including the effects on Manufacturer’s Empty Weight (MEW) and Operating Empty Weight (OEW). As soon as practicable, Boeing will furnish to Customer copies of the Detail Specification, which copies will reflect such Options. The Aircraft Basic Price reflects and includes all effects of such Options, except such Aircraft Basic Price does not include the price effects of any Buyer Furnished Equipment or Seller Purchased Equipment.
 
A-1

 
Attachment A-1
to PA 3309
 
***


 
Attachment A-1
to PA 3309
 
***


 
Attachment A-1
to PA 3309
 
***
 

 
Attachment A-1
to PA 3309
 
***


 
Attachment A-1
to PA 3309
***


 
Attachment A-1
to PA 3309
 
***
 

 
Attachment A-1 to
PA 3309
 
***



AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Exhibit A-2 to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
Block B aircraft

A


AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION
 
Dated 30 Jan 2008
 
relating to
 
Block B
 
BOEING MODEL 737-89P AIRCRAFT
 
The Detail Specification is Boeing Detail Specification D019A001CEA38P-1 Rev TBD dated as of TBD. Such Detail Specification will be comprised of Boeing Detail Specification D019A001CEA38P-1 Rev B dated October 3, 2005 as amended to incorporate the Options listed below, including the effects on Manufacturer’s Empty Weight (MEW) and Operating Empty Weight (OEW). As soon as practicable, Boeing will furnish to Customer copies of the Detail Specification, which copies will reflect such Options. The Aircraft Basic Price reflects and includes all effects of such Options, except such Aircraft Basic Price does not include the price effects of any Buyer Furnished Equipment or Seller Purchased Equipment.
 
A-1

 
Exhibit A-2 to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
 
***
 

 
Exhibit A-2 to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
 
***


 
Exhibit A-2 to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
 
***


 
Exhibit A-2 to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
 
***


 
Exhibit A-2 to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
 
***
 

 
AIRCRAFT DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Exhibit B to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
B


Exhibit B to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
Page 1

AIRCRAFT DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

relating to

BOEING MODEL 737-79P and 737-89P AIRCRAFT


Both Boeing and Customer have certain documentation and approval responsibilities at various time during the construction cycle of Customer’s Aircraft that are critical to making the delivery of each Aircraft a positive experience for both parties. This Exhibit B documents those responsibilities and indicates recommended completion deadlines for the actions to be accomplished.

1.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .
 
Certain actions are required to be taken by Customer in advance of the scheduled delivery month of each Aircraft with respect to obtaining certain government issued documentation.
 
1.1
Airworthiness and Registration Documents .
 
Not later than 6 months prior to delivery of each Aircraft, Customer will notify Boeing of the registration number to be painted on the side of the Aircraft. In addition, not later than 3 months prior to delivery of each Aircraft, Customer will, by letter to the regulatory authority having jurisdiction, authorize the temporary use of such registration numbers by Boeing during the pre-delivery testing of the Aircraft.
 
Customer is responsible for furnishing any Temporary or Permanent Registration Certificates required by any governmental authority having jurisdiction to be displayed aboard the Aircraft after delivery.
 
1.2
Certificate of Sanitary Construction .
 
1.2.1   U.S. Registered Aircraft . Boeing will obtain from the United States Public Health Service, a United States Certificate of Sanitary Construction to be displayed aboard each Aircraft after delivery to Customer.
 
1.2.2   Non-U.S. Registered Aircraft . If Customer requires a United States Certificate of Sanitary Construction at the time of delivery of the Aircraft, Customer will give written notice thereof to Boeing at least 3 months prior to delivery. Boeing will then use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the Certificate from
 
B-1


Exhibit B to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
Page 2
 
the United States Public Health Service and present it to Customer at the time of Aircraft delivery.
 
1.3
Customs Documentation .
 
1.3.1   Import Documentation . If the Aircraft is intended to be exported from the United States, Customer must notify Boeing not later than 3 months prior to delivery of each Aircraft of any documentation required by the customs authorities or by any other agency of the country of import.
 
1.3.2   General Declaration - U.S . If the Aircraft is intended to be exported from the United States, Boeing will prepare Customs Form 7507, General Declaration, for execution by U.S. Customs immediately prior to the ferry flight of the Aircraft. For this purpose, Customer will furnish to Boeing not later than 20 days prior to delivery all information required by U.S. Customs or U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, including without limitation (i) a complete crew and passenger list identifying the names, birth dates, passport numbers and passport expiration dates of all crew and passengers and (ii) a complete ferry flight itinerary, including point of exit from the United States for the Aircraft.
 
If Customer intends, during the ferry flight of an Aircraft, to land at a U.S. airport after clearing Customs at delivery, Customer must notify Boeing not later than 20 days prior to delivery of such intention. If Boeing receives such notification, Boeing will provide to Customer the documents constituting a Customs permit to proceed, allowing such Aircraft to depart after any such landing. Sufficient copies of completed Form 7507, along with passenger manifest, will be furnished to Customer to cover U.S. stops scheduled for the ferry flight.
 
1.3.3   Export Declaration - U.S . If the Aircraft is intended to be exported from the United States, Boeing will prepare Form 7525V and, immediately prior to the ferry flight , will submit such Form to U.S. Customs on Seattle in order to obtain clearance for the departure of the Aircraft, including any cargo, from the United States. U.S. Customs will deliver the Export Declaration to the U.S. Department of Commerce after export.
 
2.
INSURANCE CERTIFICATES .
 
***
 
B-2


Exhibit B to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
Page 3

3.
NOTICE OF FLYAWAY CONFIGURATION .
 
***
 
4.
DELIVERY ACTIONS BY BOEING .
 
***
 
B-3


Exhibit B to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
Page 4
 
***
 
5.
DELIVERY ACTIONS BY CUSTOMER .
 
5.1   Aircraft Radio Station License. At delivery Customer will provide its Aircraft Radio Station License to be placed on board the Aircraft following delivery.
 
5.2   Aircraft Flight Log . At delivery Customer will provide the Aircraft Flight Log for the Aircraft.
 
5.3   Delegation of Authority . Customer will present to Boeing at delivery of the Aircraft an original or certified copy of Customer’s Delegation of Authority designing and authorizing certain persons to act on its behalf in connection with delivery of the specified Aircraft.
 
5.4   TSA Waiver Approval . Should the Aircraft be exported, a TSA waiver approval is required for the ferry flight, unless Customer has a TSA
 
B-4


Exhibit B to
Purchase Agreement No. 3309
Page 5
 
approved program. Customer is responsible for submittal of TSA waiver to the TSA and following up with the TSA for approval. A copy of the TSA waiver approval is to be provided by Customer to Boeing upon arrival of Customer’s acceptance team at the Boeing delivery center.
 
B-5


ESCALATION ADJUSTMENT
 
AIRFRAME AND OPTIONAL FEATURES
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Supplemental Exhibit AE1 to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
AE1


1.
Formula.
 
***
 
AE1-1

 
[***THIS PAGE HAS BEEN REDACTED***]
 

 
[***THIS PAGE HAS BEEN REDACTED***]
 

 
[***THIS PAGE HAS BEEN REDACTED***]
 


BUYER FURNISHED EQUIPMENT VARIABLES
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD. (CEA)
 
Supplemental Exhibit BFE1 to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
BFE1


BUYER FURNISHED EQUIPMENT VARIABLES
 
relating to
 
BOEING MODEL 737-79P and 737-89P AIRCRAFT
 
This Supplemental Exhibit BFE1 contains vendor selection dates, on-dock dates and other variables applicable to the Aircraft.
 
1.
Supplier Selection.
 
Customer will:
 
 
1.1
Select and notify Boeing of the suppliers and part numbers of the following BFE items by the following dates:
 
Galley System
***September 1, 2010
   
Galley Inserts
***September 1, 2010
   
Seats (passenger)
***September 1, 2010
   
Cabin Systems Equipment
September 1, 2010
   
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
September 1, 2010
   
Cargo Handling Systems
September 1, 2010
 
For a new certification, supplier requires notification 10 months prior to Cargo Handling System on-dock date.
 
**-If configuration for this program includes any or all below, customer will need to provide Supplier Selections two (2) months earlier than stated above.
 
 
-
Development seats
 
 
-
In seat video
 
 
-
G4C/G4D galleys
 
BFE1-1

2.   On-dock Dates
 
On or before October 2010, Boeing will provide to Customer a BFE Requirements On-Dock/Inventory Document (BFE Document) or an electronically transmitted BFE Report which may be periodically revised, setting forth the items, quantities, on-dock dates and shipping instructions relating to the in-sequence installation of BFE. For planning purposes, a preliminary BFE on-dock schedule is set forth below:
 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
July 2011
Aircraft
 
November 2011
Aircraft
 
Seats
  5/20/2011   9/22/2011  
Galleys/Furnishings
  5/13/2011   9/15/2011  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  3/21/2011   7/22/2011  
Avionics
  5/13/2011   9/15/2011  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  5/13/2011   9/15/2011  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  5/13/2011   9/15/2011  
Textiles/Raw Material
  2/8/2011   6/9/2011  
Cargo Systems
  4/29/2011   9/1/2011  
Provision Kits
  12/23/2010   5/2/2011  
Radomes
  4/13/2011   8/15/2011  
 
BFE1-2


Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
August 2012
Aircraft
 
October 2012
Aircraft
 
Seats
  6/21/2012   8/23/2012  
Galleys/Furnishings
  6/14/2012   8/16/2012  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  4/20/2012   6/22/2012  
Avionics
  6/14/2012   8/16/2012  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  6/14/2012   8/16/2012  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  6/14/2012   8/16/2012  
Textiles/Raw Material
  3/9/2012   5/10/2012  
Cargo Systems
  6/1/2012   8/2/2012  
Provision Kits
  2/1/2012   4/2/2012  
Radomes
  5/14/2012   7/16/2012  

Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
November 2012
Aircraft
 
March 2013
Aircraft
 
Seats
  9/20/2012   1/23/2013  
Galleys/Furnishings
  9/13/2012   1/16/2013  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  7/20/2012   11/26/2012  
Avionics
  9/13/2012   1/16/2013  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  9/13/2012   1/16/2013  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  9/13/2012   1/16/2013  
Textiles/Raw Material
  6/7/2012   10/1/2012  
Cargo Systems
  8/30/2012   1/2/2013  
Provision Kits
  4/30/2012   9/4/2012  
Radomes
  8/13/2012   1/11/2012  
 
BFE1-3

 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
April 2013
Aircraft
 
June 2013
Aircraft
 
Seats
  2/20/2013   4/19/2013  
Galleys/Furnishings
  2/13/2013   4/12/2013  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  12/11/2012   2/20/2013  
Avionics
  2/13/2013   4/12/2013  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  2/13/2013   4/12/2013  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  2/13/2013   4/12/2013  
Textiles/Raw Material
  10/29/2012   1/10/2013  
Cargo Systems
  1/30/2013   3/29/2013  
Provision Kits
  9/28/2012   11/29/2012  
Radomes
  1/14/2013   4/10/2013  
 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
August 2013
Aircraft
 
September 2013
Aircraft
 
Seats
    6/20/2013     7/23/2013  
Galleys/Furnishings
    6/13/2013     7/16/2013  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
    4/19/2013     5/23/2013  
Avionics
    6/13/2013     7/16/2013  
Cabin Systems Equipment
    6/13/2013     7/16/2013  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
    6/13/2013     7/16/2013  
Textiles/Raw Material
    3/8/2013     4/9/2013  
Cargo Systems
    5/30/2013     7/2/2013  
Provision Kits
    1/30/2013     3/1/2013  
Radomes
    5/13/2013     6/17/2013  
 
BFE1-4

 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
November 2013
Aircraft
 
December 2013
Aircraft
 
Seats
  9/20/2013   10/23/2013  
Galleys/Furnishings
  9/13/2013   10/16/2013  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  7/19/2013   8/23/2013  
Avionics
  9/13/2013   10/16/2013  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  9/13/2013   10/16/2013  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  9/13/2013   10/16/2013  
Textiles/Raw Material
  6/7/2013   7/11/2013  
Cargo Systems
  8/30/2013   10/2/2013  
Provision Kits
  4/30/2013   6/3/2013  
Radomes
  9/10/2013   9/16/2013  
 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
February 2014
Aircraft
 
March 2014
Aircraft
 
Seats
  12/13/2013   1/23/2014  
Galleys/Furnishings
  12/6/2013   1/16/2014  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  10/14/2013   11/22/2013  
Avionics
  12/6/2013   1/16/2014  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  12/6/2013   1/16/2014  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  12/6/2013   1/16/2014  
Textiles/Raw Material
  8/29/2013   10/1/2013  
Cargo Systems
  11/22/2013   1/2/2014  
Provision Kits
  7/22/2013   9/3/2013  
Radomes
  11/6/2013   12/16/2013  
 
BFE1-5

 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
April 2014
Aircraft
 
May 2014
Aircraft
 
Seats
  2/20/2014   3/21/2014  
Galleys/Furnishings
  2/13/2014   3/14/2014  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  12/20/2013   1/21/2014  
Avionics
  2/13/2014   3/14/2014  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  2/13/2014   3/14/2014  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  2/13/2014   3/14/2014  
Textiles/Raw Material
  10/29/2013   11/27/2013  
Cargo Systems
  1/30/2014   2/28/2014  
Provision Kits
  9/30/2013   10/28/2013  
Radomes
  1/13/2014   2/14/2014  
 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
June 2014
Aircraft
 
July 2014
Aircraft
 
Seats
  4/22/2014   5/21/2014  
Galleys/Furnishings
  4/15/2014   5/14/2014  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  2/21/2014   3/21/2014  
Avionics
  4/15/2014   5/14/2014  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  4/15/2014   5/14/2014  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  4/15/2014   5/14/2014  
Textiles/Raw Material
  1/9/2014   2/7/2014  
Cargo Systems
  4/2/2014   5/1/2014  
Provision Kits
  12/2/2013   1/2/2014  
Radomes
  3/14/2014   4/14/2014  
 
BFE1-6

 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
August 2014
Aircraft
 
September 2014
Aircraft
 
Seats
  6/20/2014   7/23/2014  
Galleys/Furnishings
  6/13/2014   7/16/2014  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  4/21/2014   5/23/2014  
Avionics
  6/13/2014   7/16/2014  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  6/13/2014   7/16/2014  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  6/13/2014   7/16/2014  
Textiles/Raw Material
  3/10/2014   4/9/2014  
Cargo Systems
  5/30/2014   7/2/2014  
Provision Kits
  1/30/2014   3/3/2014  
Radomes
  5/13/2014   6/16/2014  
 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
October 2014
Aircraft
 
February 2015
Aircraft
 
Seats
  8/21/2014   12/15/2014  
Galleys/Furnishings
  8/14/2014   12/8/2014  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  6/20/2014   10/15/2014  
Avionics
  8/14/2014   12/8/2014  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  8/14/2014   12/8/2014  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  8/14/2014   12/8/2014  
Textiles/Raw Material
  5/8/2014   8/29/2014  
Cargo Systems
  7/31/2014   11/24/2014  
Provision Kits
  3/31/2014   7/24/2014  
Radomes
  7/14/2014   11/7/2014  
 
BFE1-7

 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
March 2015
Aircraft
 
April 2015
Aircraft
 
Seats
  1/22/2015   2/19/2015  
Galleys/Furnishings
  1/15/2015   2/12/2015  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  11/23/2014   12/19/2014  
Avionics
  1/15/2015   2/12/2015  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  1/15/2015   2/12/2015  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  1/15/2015   2/12/2015  
Textiles/Raw Material
  9/30/2014   10/28/2014  
Cargo Systems
  1/2/2015   1/29/2015  
Provision Kits
  9/2/2014   9/29/2014  
Radomes
  12/15/2014   1/12/2015  
 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
June 2015
Aircraft
 
July 2015
Aircraft
 
Seats
  4/22/2015   5/20/2015  
Galleys/Furnishings
  4/15/2015   5/13/2015  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  2/23/2015   3/20/2015  
Avionics
  4/15/2015   5/13/2015  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  4/15/2015   5/13/2015  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  4/15/2015   5/13/2015  
Textiles/Raw Material
  1/9/2015   2/6/2015  
Cargo Systems
  4/1/2015   4/29/2015  
Provision Kits
  12/1/2014   12/23/2014  
Radomes
  3/16/2015   4/13/2015  
 
BFE1-8

 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
August 2015
Aircraft
 
September 2015
Aircraft
 
Seats
  6/22/2015   7/23/2015  
Galleys/Furnishings
  6/15/2015   7/16/2015  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  4/15/2015   5/22/2015  
Avionics
  6/15/2015   7/16/2015  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  6/15/2015   7/16/2015  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  6/15/2015   7/16/2015  
Textiles/Raw Material
  4/24/2015   4/9/2015  
Cargo Systems
  6/1/2015   7/2/2015  
Provision Kits
  2/2/2015   3/2/2015  
Radomes
  5/15/2015   6/16/2015  
 
Item
 
Preliminary On-Dock Dates
 
   
October 2015
Aircraft
 
November 2015
Aircraft
 
Seats
  8/21/2015   9/22/2015  
Galleys/Furnishings
  8/14/2015   9/15/2015  
Antennas & Mounting Equipment
  6/22/2015   7/22/2015  
Avionics
  8/14/2015   9/15/2015  
Cabin Systems Equipment
  8/14/2015   9/15/2015  
Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment
  8/14/2015   9/15/2015  
Textiles/Raw Material
  5/8/2015   6/9/2015  
Cargo Systems
  7/31/2015   9/1/2015  
Provision Kits
  3/31/2015   5/1/2015  
Radomes
  7/14/2015   8/14/2015  
 
BFE1-9

 
3.   Additional Delivery Requirements
 
Customer will insure that Customer’s BFE suppliers provide sufficient information to enable Boeing, when acting as Importer of Record for Customer’s BFE, to comply with all applicable provisions of the U.S. Customs Service.
 
BFE1-10

 
CUSTOMER SUPPORT VARIABLES
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Supplemental Exhibit CS1 to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
CS1

 
CUSTOMER SUPPORT VARIABLES
 
relating to
 
BOEING MODEL 737-79P and 737-89P AIRCRAFT
 
Customer currently operates an aircraft of the same model as the Aircraft. Upon Customer’s request, Boeing will develop and schedule a customized Customer Support Program to be furnished in support of the Aircraft. The customized program will be based upon and equivalent to the entitlements summarized below.
 
***
 
CS1-1

 
ENGINE ESCALATION,
ENGINE WARRANTY AND PATENT INDEMNITY
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Supplemental Exhibit EE1 to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
EE1


ENGINE ESCALATION,
ENGINE WARRANTY AND PATENT INDEMNITY
 
relating to
 
BOEING MODEL 737-79P and 737-89P AIRCRAFT
 
1.   ENGINE ESCALATION . No separate engine escalation methodology is defined for the 737-600, -700, -800 or -900 Aircraft. Pursuant to the AGTA, the engine prices for these Aircraft are included in and will be escalated in the same manner as the Airframe.
 
2.   ENGINE WARRANTY AND PRODUCT SUPPORT PLAN . Boeing has obtained from CFM International, Inc. (or CFM International, S.A., as the case may be) (CFM) the right to extend to Customer the provisions of CFM’s warranty as set forth below (herein referred to as the “Warranty”); subject, however, to Customer’s acceptance of the conditions set forth herein. Accordingly, Boeing hereby extends to Customer and Customer hereby accepts the provisions of CFM’s Warranty as hereinafter set forth, and such Warranty shall apply to all CFM56-7 type Engines (including all Modules and Parts thereof) installed in the Aircraft at the time of delivery or purchased from Boeing by Customer for support of the Aircraft except that, if Customer and CFM have executed, or hereafter execute, a General Terms Agreement, then the terms of that Agreement shall be substituted for and supersede the provisions of Paragraphs 2.1 through 2.10 below and Paragraphs 2.1 through 2.10 below shall be of no force or effect and neither Boeing nor CFM shall have any obligation arising therefrom. In consideration for Boeing’s extension of the CFM Warranty to Customer, Customer hereby releases and discharges Boeing from any and all claims, obligations and liabilities whatsoever arising out of the purchase or use of such CFM56-7 type Engines and Customer hereby waives, releases and renounces all its rights in all such claims, obligations and liabilities. In addition, Customer hereby releases and discharges CFM from any and all claims, obligations and liabilities whatsoever arising out of the purchase or use of such CFM56-7 type Engines except as otherwise expressly assumed by CFM in such CFM Warranty or General Terms Agreement between Customer and CFM and Customer hereby waives, releases and renounces all its rights in all such claims, obligations and liabilities.
 
2.1   Title . CFM warrants that at the date of delivery, CFM has legal title to and good and lawful right to sell its CFM56-7 type Engine and Products and furthermore warrants that such title is free and clear of all claims, liens and encumbrances of any nature whatsoever.
 
EE1-1

 
2.2   Patents .
 
2.2.1 CFM shall handle all claims and defend any suit or proceeding brought against Customer insofar as based on a claim that any product or part furnished under this Agreement constitutes an infringement of any patent of the United States, and shall pay all damages and costs awarded therein against Customer. This paragraph shall not apply to any product or any part manufactured to Customer’s design or to the aircraft manufacturer’s design. As to such product or part, CFM assumes no liability for patent infringement.
 
2.2.2. CFM’s liability hereunder is conditioned upon Customer promptly notifying CFM in writing and giving CFM authority, information and assistance (at CFM’s expense) for the defense of any suit. In case said equipment or part is held in such suit to constitute infringement and the use of said equipment or part is enjoined, CFM shall expeditiously, at its own expense and at its option, either (i) procure for Customer the rights to continue using said product or part; (ii) replace the same with a satisfactory and noninfringing product or part; or (iii) modify the same so it becomes satisfactory and noninfringing. The foregoing shall constitute the sole remedy of Customer and the sole liability of CFM for patent infringement.
 
2.2.3 The above provisions also apply to products which are the same as those covered by this Agreement and are delivered to Customer as part of the installed equipment on CFM56-7 powered Aircraft.
 
2.3   Initial Warranty . CFM warrants that CFM56-7 Engine products will conform to CFM’s applicable specifications and will be free from defects in material and workmanship prior to Customer’s initial use of such products.
 
2.4   Warranty Pass-On .
 
2.4.1 If requested by Customer and agreed to by CFM in writing, CFM will extend warranty support for Engines sold by Customer to commercial airline operators, or to other aircraft operators. Such warranty support will be limited to the New Engine Warranty, New Parts Warranty, Ultimate Life Warranty and Campaign Change Warranty and will require such operator(s) to agree in writing to be bound by and comply with all the terms and conditions, including the limitations, applicable to such warranties.
 
EE1-2

 
2.4.2 Any warranties set forth herein shall not be transferable to a third party, merging company or an acquiring entity of Customer.
 
2.4.3 In the event Customer is merged with, or acquired by, another aircraft operator which has a general terms agreement with CFM, the Warranties as set forth herein shall apply to the Engines, Modules, and Parts.
 
2.5   New Engine Warranty .
 
***
 
2.6   Never Parts Warranty . In addition to the warranty granted for new Engines and new Modules, CFM warrants Engine and Module Parts as follows:
 
***
 
EE1-3

 
***
 
2.7   Ultimate Life Warranty .
***

2.8   Campaign Change Warranty .

***

EE1-4

 
***
 
2.9   Limitations . THE PROVISIONS SET FORTH HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER WRITTEN, ORAL OR IMPLIED. THERE ARE NO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS OR MERCHANTABILITY. SAID PROVISIONS SET FORTH THE MAXIMUM LIABILITY OF CFM WITH RESPECT TO CLAIMS OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE, ARISING OUT OF MANUFACTURE, SALE, POSSESSION, USE OR HANDLING OF THE PRODUCTS OR PARTS THEREOF OR THEREFOR, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL CFM’S LIABILITY TO CUSTOMER EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT GIVING RISE TO CUSTOMER’S CLAIM OR INCLUDE INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.
 
2.10   Indemnity and Contribution .
 
2.10.1 IN THE EVENT CUSTOMER ASSERTS A CLAIM AGAINST A THIRD PARTY FOR DAMAGES OF THE TYPE LIMITED OR EXCLUDED IN LIMITATIONS, PARAGRAPH 2.9. ABOVE, CUSTOMER SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD CFM HARMLESS FROM AND AGAINST ANY CLAIM BY OR LIABILITY TO SUCH THIRD PARTY FOR CONTRIBUTION OR INDEMNITY, INCLUDING COSTS AND EXPENSES (INCLUDING ATTORNEYS’ FEES) INCIDENT THERETO OR INCIDENT TO ESTABLISHING SUCCESSFULLY THE RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION UNDER THIS PROVISION. THIS INDEMNITY SHALL APPLY WHETHER OR NOT SUCH DAMAGES WERE OCCASIONED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY THE FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE OF CFM, WHETHER ACTIVE, PASSIVE OR IMPUTED.
 
2.10.2 CUSTOMER SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD CFM HARMLESS FROM ANY DAMAGE, LOSS, CLAIM, AND LIABILITY OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING EXPENSES OF
 
EE1-5

 
LITIGATION AND ATTORNEYS’ FEES) FOR PHYSICAL INJURY TO OR DEATH OF ANY PERSON, OR FOR PROPERTY DAMAGE OF ANY TYPE, ARISING OUT OF THE ALLEGED DEFECTIVE NATURE OF ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE FURNISHED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, TO THE EXTENT THAT THE PAYMENTS MADE OR REQUIRED TO BE MADE BY CFM EXCEED ITS ALLOCATED SHARE OF THE TOTAL FAULT OR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL PERSONS ALLEGED TO HAVE CAUSED SUCH DAMAGE, LOSS, CLAIM, OR LIABILITY BECAUSE OF A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY ASSERTED BY CUSTOMER OR BECAUSE CUSTOMER DID NOT APPEAR IN AN ACTION BROUGHT AGAINST CFM. CUSTOMER’S OBLIGATION TO INDEMNIFY CFM HEREUNDER SHALL BE APPLICABLE AT SUCH TIME AS CFM IS REQUIRED TO MAKE PAYMENT PURSUANT TO A FINAL JUDGEMENT IN AN ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN WHICH CFM WAS A PARTY, PERSONALLY APPEARED, AND HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO DEFEND ITSELF. THIS INDEMNITY SHALL APPLY WHETHER OR NOT CUSTOMER’S LIABILITY IS OTHERWISE LIMITED.
 
EE1-6

 
TABLE 1
737X
 
***
 
EE1-7


TABLE 1
737X
***
(Continued)
 
***
 
EE1-8

 
SERVICE LIFE POLICY COMPONENTS
 
between
 
THE BOEING COMPANY
 
and
 
CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION, LTD.
 
Supplemental Exhibit SLP1 to Purchase Agreement Number 3309
 
SLP1


SERVICE LIFE POLICY COMPONENTS
 
relating to
 
BOEING MODEL 737 AIRCRAFT
 
This is the listing of SLP Components for the Aircraft which relate to Part 3, Boeing Service Life Policy of Exhibit C, Product Assurance Document to the AGTA and is a part of Purchase Agreement No. 3309.
 
1.
Wing .
 
a)     Upper and lower wing skins and stiffeners between the   forward and rear wing spars.
 
b)     Wing spar webs, chords and stiffeners.
 
c)     Inspar wing ribs.
 
d)     Inspar splice plates and fittings.
 
e)     Main landing gear support structure.
 
f)     Wing center section lower beams, spanwise beams and floor   beams, but not the seat tracks attached to floor beams.
 
g)     Wing-to-body structural attachments.
 
h)     Engine strut support fittings attached directly to wing primary   structure.
 
i)     Support structure in the wing for spoilers and spoiler actuators; for   aileron hinges and reaction links; and for leading edge devices and   trailing edge flaps.
 
j)     Trailing edge flap tracks and carriages.
 
k)     Aileron leading edge device and trailing edge flap internal,   fixed   attachment and actuator support structure.
 
SLP1-1

 
2.
Body .
 
a)
External surface skins and doublers, longitudinal stiffeners, longerons   and circumferential rings and frames between the forward pressure   bulkhead and the vertical stabilizer rear spar bulkhead and structural   support and enclosure for the APU but excluding all system   components and related installation and connecting devices, insulation,   lining, and decorative panels and related installation and connecting   devices.
 
b)
Window and windshield structure but excluding the windows and   windshields.
 
c)
Fixed attachment structure of the passenger doors, cargo doors and  emergency exits, excluding door mechanisms and movable hinge  components. Sills and frames around the body openings for the  passenger doors, cargo doors and emergency exits, excluding scuff  plates and pressure seals.
 
d)
Nose wheel well structure, including the wheel well walls, pressure   deck, bulkheads, and gear support structure.
 
e)
Main gear wheel well structure including pressure deck and landing   gear beam support structure.
 
f)
Floor beams and support posts in the control cab and passenger cabin   area, but excluding seat tracks.
 
g)
Forward and aft pressure bulkheads.
 
h)
Keel structure between the wing front spar bulkhead and the main gear   wheel well aft bulkhead including splices.
 
i)
Wing front and rear spar support bulkheads, and vertical and horizontal  stabilizer front and rear spar support bulkheads including terminal  fittings but excluding all system components and related installation  and connecting devices, insulation, lining, and decorative panels and  related installation and connecting devices.
 
j)
Support structure in the body for the stabilizer pivot and stabilizer   screw.
 
SLP1-2

 
3.
Vertical Stabilizer .
 
a)
External skins between front and rear spars.
 
b)
Front, rear and auxiliary spar chords, webs and stiffeners and   attachment fittings.
 
c)
Inspar ribs.
 
d)
Rudder hinges and supporting ribs, excluding bearings.
 
e)
Support structure in the vertical stabilizer for rudder hinges, reaction   links and actuators.
 
f)
Rudder internal, fixed attachment and actuator support structure.
 
4.
Horizontal Stabilizer .
 
a)
External skins between front and rear spars.
 
b)
Front and rear spar chords, webs and stiffeners.
 
c)
Inspar ribs.
 
d)
Stabilizer center section including hinge and screw support structure.
 
e)
Support structure in the horizontal stabilizer for the elevator hinges,   reaction links and actuators.
 
f)
Elevator internal, fixed attachment and actuator support structure.
 
5.
Engine Strut .
 
a)
Strut external surface skin and doublers and stiffeners.
 
b)
Internal strut chords, frames and bulkheads.
 
c)
Strut to wing fittings and diagonal brace.
 
d)
Engine mount support fittings attached directly to strut structure and   including the engine-mounted support fittings.
 
SLP1-3

 
6.
Main Landing Gear .
 
a)
Outer cylinder.
 
b)
Inner cylinder, including axles.
 
c)
Upper and lower side struts, including spindles, universals and reaction   links.
 
d)
Drag strut.
 
e)
Orifice support tube.
 
f)
Downlock links including spindles and universals.
 
g)
Torsion links.
 
h)
Bell crank.
 
i)
Trunnion link.
 
j)
Actuator beam, support link and beam aim.
 
7.
Nose Landing Gear .
 
a)
Outer cylinder.
 
b)
Inner cylinder, including axles.
 
c)
Orifice support tube.
 
d)
Upper and lower drag strut, including lock links.
 
e)
Steering plates and steering collars.
 
f)
Torsion links.
 
NOTE :
The Service Life Policy does not cover any bearings, bolts, bushings, clamps, brackets, actuating mechanisms or latching mechanisms used in or on the SLP Components.
 
SLP1-4

 
3309-01
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Spare Parts Initial Provisioning
 
Reference:
a)
Purchase Agreement No. 3309 (the Purchase Agreement) between The Boeing Company (Boeing) and China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd. (Customer) relating to Model 737-89P aircraft (the Aircraft)
 
 
b)
Customer Services General Terms Agreement No. 9P (CSGTA) between Boeing and Customer
 
This letter agreement (Letter Agreement) is entered into on the date below and amends and supplements the CSGTA. All capitalized terms used but not defined in this Letter Agreement have the same meaning as in the CSGTA, except for “Aircraft” which will have the meaning as defined in the Purchase Agreement.
 
In order to define the process by which Boeing and Customer will (i) identify those Spare Parts and Standards critical to Customer’s successful introduction of the Aircraft into service and its continued operation, (ii) place Orders under the provisions of the CSGTA as supplemented by the provisions of this Letter Agreement for those Spare Parts and Standards, and (iii) manage the return of certain of those Spare Parts which Customer does not use, the parties agree as follows.
 
1. Definitions .
 
Provisioning Data ” means the documentation provided by Boeing to Customer, including but not limited to the Recommended Spare Parts List (RSPL), identifying all Boeing initial provisioning requirements for the Aircraft.
 
Provisioning Items ” means the Spare Parts and Standards identified by Boeing as initial provisioning requirements in support of the Aircraft, excluding special tools, ground support equipment (GSE), engines and engine parts.
 

 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
3309-01   Page 2
 
Provisioning Products Guide ” means the Boeing Manual D6-81834 entitled “Spares Provisioning Products Guide”.
 
2.   Phased Provisioning .
 
2.1   Provisioning Products Guide . Prior to the initial provisioning meeting Boeing will furnish to Customer a copy of the Provisioning Products Guide.
 
2.2   Initial Provisioning Meeting . On or about twelve (12) months prior to delivery of the first Aircraft the parties will conduct an initial provisioning meeting as applicable, where the procedures, schedules, and requirements for training will be established to accomplish phased provisioning of Spare Parts and Standards for the Aircraft in accordance with the Provisioning Products Guide. If the lead time from execution of the Purchase Agreement until delivery of the first Aircraft is less than twelve (12) months, the initial provisioning meeting will be established as soon as reasonably possible after execution of the Purchase Agreement.
 
2.3   Provisioning Data . During the initial provisioning meeting Customer will provide to Boeing the operational parameter information described in Chapter 6 of the Provisioning Products Guide. After review and acceptance by Boeing of such Customer information, Boeing will prepare the Provisioning Data. Such Provisioning Data will be furnished to Customer on or about ninety (90) days after Boeing finalizes the engineering drawings for the Aircraft. The Provisioning Data will be as complete as possible and will cover Provisioning Items selected by Boeing for review by Customer for initial provisioning of Spare Parts and Standards for the Aircraft. Boeing will furnish to Customer revisions to the Provisioning Data until approximately ninety (90) days following delivery of the last Aircraft or until the delivery configuration of each of the Aircraft is reflected in the Provisioning Data, whichever is later.
 
2.4   Buyer Furnished Equipment (BFE) Provisioning Data . Unless otherwise advised by Boeing, Customer will provide or insure its BFE suppliers provide to Boeing the BFE data in scope and format acceptable to Boeing, in accordance with the schedule established during the initial provisioning meeting.
 
3.   Purchase from Boeing of Spare Parts and Standards as Initial Provisioning for the Aircraft.
 
3.1  Schedule . In accordance with schedules established during the initial provisioning meeting, Customer may place Orders for Provisioning Items and any GSE, special tools or engine spare parts which Customer
 

 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
3309-01   Page 3
 
determines it will initially require for maintenance, overhaul and servicing of the Aircraft and/or engines.
 
3.2   Prices of Initial Provisioning Spare Parts .
 
***

4.   Delivery .
 
For Spare Parts and Standards ordered by Customer in accordance with Article 3 of this Letter Agreement, Boeing will, insofar as reasonably possible, deliver to Customer such Spare Parts and Standards on dates reasonably calculated to conform to Customer’s anticipated needs in view of the scheduled deliveries of the Aircraft. Customer and Boeing will agree upon the date to begin delivery of the provisioning Spare Parts and Standards ordered in accordance with this Letter Agreement. Where appropriate, Boeing will arrange for shipment of such Spare Parts and Standards which are manufactured by suppliers directly to Customer from the applicable supplier’s facility. The routing and method of shipment for initial deliveries and all subsequent deliveries of such Spare Parts and Standards will be as established at the initial provisioning meeting and thereafter by mutual agreement.
 


China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
3309-01   Page 4
 
5.   Substitution for Obsolete Spare Parts .
 
5.1   Obligation to Substitute Pre-Delivery . In the event that, prior to delivery of the first Aircraft, any Spare Part purchased by Customer from Boeing in accordance with this Letter Agreement as initial provisioning for the Aircraft is rendered obsolete or unusable due to the redesign of the Aircraft or of any accessory, equipment or part thereof (other than a redesign at Customer’s request) Boeing will deliver to Customer at no charge new and usable Spare Parts in substitution for such obsolete or unusable Spare Parts and, upon such delivery, Customer will return the obsolete or unusable Spare Parts to Boeing.
 
5.2   Delivery of Obsolete Spare Parts and Substitutes . Obsolete or unusable Spare Parts returned by Customer pursuant to this Article 5 will be delivered to Boeing at its Seattle Distribution Center or such other destination as Boeing may reasonably designate. Spare Parts substituted, for such returned obsolete or unusable Spare Parts will be delivered to Customer in accordance with the CSGTA. Boeing will pay the freight charges for the shipment from Customer to Boeing of any such obsolete or unusable Spare Part and for the shipment from Boeing to Customer of any such substitute Spare Part.
 
6.   Repurchase of Provisioning Items .
 
6.1   Obligation to Repurchase . During a period commencing one (1) year after delivery of the first Aircraft, and ending five (5) years after such delivery, Boeing will, upon receipt of Customer’s written request and subject to the exceptions in Article 6.2, repurchase unused and undamaged Provisioning Items which were peculiar to the Aircraft as compared to the delivery configuration of Model 737-89P aircraft previously purchased by Customer from Boeing and (i) were recommended by Boeing in the Provisioning Data as initial provisioning for the Aircraft, (ii) were purchased by Customer from Boeing, and (iii) are surplus to Customer’s needs.
 
6.2  Exceptions . Boeing will not be obligated under Article 6.1 to repurchase any of the following: (i) quantities of Provisioning Items in excess of those quantities recommended by Boeing in the Provisioning Data for the Aircraft, (ii) QEC kits, bulk material kits, raw material kits, service bulletin kits, Standards kits and components thereof (except those components listed separately in the Provisioning Data), (iii) Provisioning Items for which an Order was received by Boeing more than five (5) months after delivery of the last Aircraft , (iv) Provisioning Items which have become obsolete or have been replaced by other Provisioning Items as a result of Customer’s modification of the Aircraft, and (v) Provisioning Items which become excess as a result of a change in Customer’s operating parameters, as provided to Boeing pursuant to the initial
 

 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
3309-01   Page 5
 
provisioning meeting and which were the basis of Boeing’s initial provisioning recommendations for the Aircraft.
 
***
 

 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
3309-01   Page 6
 
7.   Title and Risk of Loss .
 
***
 

 
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3309-02

China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China

Subject:
Aircraft Model Substitution

Reference:
Purchase Agreement No. 3309 (the Purchase Agreement) between The Boeing Company (Boeing) and China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd. (Customer) relating to Model 737-79P and 737-89P aircraft (the Aircraft)

This letter agreement (Letter Agreement) amends and supplements the Purchase Agreement. All terms used but not defined in this Letter Agreement have the same meaning as in the Purchase Agreement.

Subject to the terms and conditions herein, Customer may substitute the purchase of Boeing Model 737-800 or 737-900ER aircraft ( Substitute Aircraft ) in place of any of the Block A Aircraft. Correspondingly, Customer may substitute the purchase of Boeing Model 737-700 or 737-900ER aircraft ( Substitute Aircraft ) in place of any of the Block B Aircraft.

1.
Customer’s Written Notice .

Customer will provide written notice of its intention to substitute the purchase of an Aircraft with the purchase of a Substitute Aircraft,

 
a)
no later than the first day of the month that is twelve months prior (for Model 737-700 and 737-800 aircraft) and fifteen moths prior (for Model 737-900ER aircraft) to the scheduled month of delivery of the Aircraft for which it will be substituted, provided that a Substitute Aircraft has been previously certified and delivered to Customer, or;

 
b)
no later than the first day of the month that is fifteen months prior (for Model 737-700 and 737-800 aircraft) and eighteen months prior (for Model 737-900ER aircraft) to the scheduled month of delivery of the Aircraft for which it will be substituted, if a Substitute Aircraft has not been previously certified and delivered to Customer.
 


China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
3309-02 Page 2

2.
Boeing’s Production Capability .

Customer’s substitution right is conditioned upon Boeing’s having production capability for the Substitute Aircraft in the scheduled delivery month of the Aircraft for which it will be substituted.

Boeing will tentatively quote delivery positions for Substitute Aircraft to allow Customer to secure quotes from Buyer Furnished Equipment vendors, and Boeing to secure quotes from Seller Furnished Equipment vendors which supports the required on-dock dates. If Boeing is unable to manufacture the Substitute Aircraft in the scheduled delivery month of the Aircraft for which it will be substituted, then Boeing shall promptly make a written offer of an alternate delivery month for Customer’s consideration and written acceptance within thirty days of such offer.

Substitution rights for Model 737-900ER aircraft exclude installation of auxiliary fuel tanks.

3.
Definitive Agreement .

***




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6-1165-REW-0111

China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:
Liquidated Damages - Non-Excusable Delay
 
Reference:
Purchase Agreement No. 3309 (the Purchase Agreement) between The Boeing Company (Boeing) and China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd. (Customer) relating to Model 737-79P and 737-89P aircraft (the Aircraft)

***



China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0111    Page 2

2.
Interest

***




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6-1165-REW-0112

China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China

Subject:
Aircraft Performance Guarantees

Reference:
Purchase Agreement No. 3309 (the Purchase Agreement) between The Boeing Company (Boeing) and China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd. (Customer) relating to Model 737-79P and 737-89P aircraft (the Aircraft)

This letter agreement (Letter Agreement) amends and supplements the Purchase Agreement. All terms used but not defined in this Letter Agreement have the same meaning as in the Purchase Agreement.

Boeing agrees to provide Customer with the performance guarantees in the Attachments. These guarantees are exclusive and expire upon delivery of the Aircraft to Customer.

Customer understands that certain commercial and financial information contained in this Letter Agreement is considered by Boeing as confidential. Customer agrees that it will treat this Letter Agreement and the information contained herein as confidential and will not, without the prior written consent of Boeing, disclose this Letter Agreement or any information contained herein to any other person or entity.



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6-1165-REW-0113
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Special Matters – Toolbox Contract Extension
 
***
 


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6-1165-REW-0114
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Special Matters
 
***
 

 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0114    Page 2 
 
***
 

 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0114    Page 3 
 
***
 


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6-1165-REW-0115
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Payment Matters
 
***
 


China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0115    Page 2
 
***
 

 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0115    Page 3
 
***
 


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China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0116
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Government Approval
 
***
 

 
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6-1165-REW-0117
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Special Escalation Program
 
***
 


China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0117    Page 2
 
***
 

 
 
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Attachment 1 to
6-1165-REW-0117
 
SPECIAL ESCALATION PROGRAM FACTORS
 
***
 

 
6-1165-REW-0118
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Shareholder Approval
 
***
 

 
[***THIS PAGE HAS BEEN REDACTED***]
 


6-1165-REW-0119
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Board Approval
 
***
 

 
[***THIS PAGE HAS BEEN REDACTED***]
 


6-1165-REW-0120
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
2550 Hongqiao Road
Shanghai 200335
People’s Republic of China
 
Subject:   Volume Agreement
 
***
 


China Eastern Airlines Corporation, Ltd.
6-1165-REW-0120    Page 2
 
***
 

 
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Exhibit 8.1

List of Subsidiaries

Company
 
Place and date of establishment
 
Attributable equity interest
 
Principal activities
             
China Eastern Airlines Jiangsu Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
May 3, 1993
 
63%
 
Provision of airline services
             
China Eastern Airlines Development (HK) Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
May 20, 1995
 
80%
 
Provision of ticket sales and logistics
             
Shanghai Eastern Flight Training Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
December 18, 1995
 
95%
 
Provision of flight training services
             
Eastern Airlines Hotel Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
March 18, 1998
 
86%
 
Provision of hotel services primarily to crew members
             
China Eastern Airlines (Shantou) Economics Development Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
March 18, 1998
 
55%
 
Provision of airline equipment sales
             
China Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
July 22, 1998
 
70%
 
Provision of cargo carriage services
             
China Eastern Airlines Wuhan Co., Ltd. (“CEA Wuhan”)
 
PRC
August 16, 2002
 
96%
 
Provision of airline services
             
Shanghai Eastern Maintenance Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
November 27, 2002
 
60%
 
Provision of aircraft repair and maintenance services
             
Shanghai Eastern Airlines Logistics Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
August 23, 2004
 
70%
 
Provision of cargo logistics services
             
China Eastern Airlines Gifting Co., Ltd.
 
PRC
August 16, 2007
 
100%
 
Provision of marketing services

 
 

 
Exhibit 11.1

CHINA EASTERN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIMITED

CODE OF ETHICS FOR SENIOR MANAGEMENT
(APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT THE BOARD MEETING ON APRIL 3, 2003)
 
China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (“the Company”) has adopted this code of ethics (this “Code”) applicable to the senior managers of the Company pursuant to the Articles of Association of the Company and the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions where the Company is listed. This Code is applicable to the Company's Directors, Supervisors, President, Chief Financial Officer and other senior managers (collectively, the “Covered Officers”). The Board of Directors of the Company is responsible for the implementation of this Code and the interpretation of the applicability of this Code under particular circumstances. Covered Officers should consult the Company Secretary if they are uncertain about whether certain conduct or action constitutes a violation of this Code. Any Covered Officer who becomes aware of any existing or potential violation of this Code is required to notify the Company Secretary promptly. Failure to do so is itself a violation of this Code.
 
I.
COVERED OFFICERS SHOULD ACT DILIGENTLY AND RESPONSIVELY

Each Covered Officer should act diligently and responsively for the best interest of the Company in exercising his/her rights and in performing his/her duties.

II.
COVERED OFFICERS SHOULD AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 
1.
Each Covered Officer should act honestly and with integrity, and avoid any situation in which an individual's private interest interferes or appears to interfere with the interests of the Company;

 
2.
Each Covered Officer should not take advantage of his/her position and authority in the Company to benefit himself/herself, his/her family members or any other third party.

III.
POTENTIAL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY

 
1.
Each Covered Officer should act with integrity in the best interest of the Company and shall not benefit himself/herself from the property of the Company in any form;

 
2.
Each Covered Officer should not take ownership of or transfer any business opportunity to other persons that he/she obtained by means of using the Company's properties, information or as a result of his/her position in the Company, unless such business opportunity has been first introduced to the Company and subsequently declined;

 
3.
Each Covered Officer shall not engage in any competition against the Company;

 
4.
Each Covered Officer should not accept commissions related to his/her area of responsibility.

 
 

 
 
IV.
CONFIDENTIALITY

 
1.
Confidential information refers to non-public information that, if disclosed, is harmful to the Company/ and its subsidiaries or is beneficial to competitors;

 
2.
Unless otherwise required by law, each Covered Officer should not disclose any confidential information that concerns the Company, its subsidiaries or other associated companies, which he/she obtains during his/her term in office;

 
3.
Unless it is in the best interest of the Company, Covered Officer should not use the confidential information set forth above.

V.
DISCLOSURE

Each Covered Officer should:

 
1.
ensure complete, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in the documents submitted to regulatory authorities or distributed to shareholders, or in other public disclosure in accordance with the Company's disclosure procedures and the instructions of the Disclosure Control Office;

 
2.
ensure disclosure is made through (or with the authorization of) the Disclosure Control Office in accordance with the Company's “Disclosure Controls and Procedures”. The heads of each department, branch office and subsidiary should only disclose the information related to their respective business development. Under no circumstances should they communicate any information (including but not limited to financial information, forward-looking information and operational data, etc.) that could potentially affect the Company's share price to any other party on any formal or informal occasions.

VI.
FAIR TRADE

Each Covered Officer should:

 
1.
engage in fair trading activities with clients, consumers, service and product providers, competitors and employees;

 
2.
not benefit himself/herself at the expense of other parties through distorting, hiding, abusing privileged information, misrepresenting material facts or unfair trading.

VII.
PROTECTION AND APPROPRIATE USE OF COMPANY ASSETS

Each Covered Officer should:

 
1.
protect and appropriately use the Company's assets, and should manage the Company's assets with reasonable prudence, diligence and skills;

 
2.
ensure all of the Company's assets be used for lawful business purposes.

 
 

 
 
VIII.
COMPLIANCE, RULES AND REGULATIONS

Each Covered Officer should strictly adhere to the following principles:

 
1.
to comply with all laws and regulations (including domestic and foreign insider trading regulations) applicable to the Company;

 
2.
not to use the Company's or other companies' undisclosed information to benefit himself/herself or other parties;

 
3.
not to trade securities while in possession of non-public or insider information of the Company's clients, suppliers or other companies.

IX.
OTHER OBLIGATIONS

Other obligations of the Covered Officers include:

 
1.
performing duties within his/her own area of responsibilities;

 
2.
exercising his/her decision-making authority granted by the Company prudently and independently;

 
3.
not causing any of his or her family members, affiliated, controlled companies, partners or subordinates to act on matters that they are not permitted to do under this Code.

X.
VALIDITY, INTERPRETATION AND AMENDMENT OF THIS CODE

This Code becomes effective upon the approval by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall be responsible for interpreting and amending this Code.
 
 
 

 

Exhibit 12.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Cao Jianxiong, certify that:

 
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (the “Company”);

 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 
4.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 
5.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
 
 

 
 
 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 

 
Date:
June 24, 2008
 
/s/ Cao Jianxiong
 
 
Name: Cao Jianxiong
 
Title: President
 
 
2

 
 

Exhibit 12.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Luo Weide, certify that:

 
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (the “Company”);

 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 
4.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 
5.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 

 
 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:
June 24, 2008
 
/s/    Luo Weide
 
 
Name: Luo Weide
 
Title: Chief Financial Officer



Exhibit 13.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned, Cao Jianxiong, President of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to his knowledge, that the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date:
June 24, 2008
 
/s/     Cao Jianxiong
 
 
   Name: Cao Jianxiong
 
   Title: President
 
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.
 


Exhibit 13.2

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned, Luo Weide, Chief Financial Officer of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to his knowledge, that the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date:
June 24, 2008
 
/s/    Luo Weide
 
 
   Name: Luo Weide
 
   Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.