As
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13,
2008
Registration
No. 333-_______
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form
S-1
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
|
|
|
|
Georgia
|
|
8731
|
|
20-2027731
|
(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation
or organization)
|
|
(Primary
Standard Industrial
Classification
Code Number)
|
|
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
Number)
|
3235
Satellite Boulevard
Building
400, Suite 290
Duluth,GA
30096
(770)
965-0383
(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including
area
code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
William
Doyle
Chief
Executive Officer
3235
Satellite Boulevard
Building
400, Suite 290
Duluth,GA
30096
(770)
965-0383
(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone
number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copy
to:
Gerald
L.
Baxter, Esq.
Greenberg
Traurig, LLP
3290
Northside Parkway, Suite 400
Atlanta,
GA 30327
(678)
553-2430
Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to public:
As
soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared
effective.
If
any of
the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed
or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933,
check the following box.
x
If
this
Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to
Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering.
o
If
this
Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the
Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier registration statement for the same
offering.
o
If
this
Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the
Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier registration statement for the same
offering.
o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.
See
the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller
reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large
accelerated filer
£
|
Accelerated
filer
£
|
Non-accelerated
filer
£
|
Smaller
reporting company
x
|
|
|
(Do
not check if a smaller reporting company)
|
|
CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE
|
|
Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered
|
|
Amount to be
Registered
|
|
Proposed Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price Per Unit
|
|
Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price (1)
|
|
Amount of Registration
Fee
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
$
|
2.00
(1
|
)
|
$
|
2,200,000
(1
|
)
|
$
|
86.46
|
|
(1)
Estimated
solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule
457(o) under the Securities Act.
The
Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates
as
may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file
a
further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement
shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become
effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a),
may determine.
The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not
sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an
offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject
to Completion, dated _________, 2008
PROSPECTUS
1,100,000
Shares
COMMON
STOCK
This
is
the initial public offering of common stock by Vystar™ Corporation, a Georgia
corporation ("Vystar" or the "Company"). 600,000 shares of our common stock
held
by Universal Capital Management, Inc., a publicly held business development
corporation ("UCM"), will be issued to the record stockholders of UCM on
________, 2009, the record date, upon effectiveness of the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. Additionally, we are registering
for resale up to 500,000 shares of our common stock held by selling shareholders
identified in this prospectus on a delayed or continuous basis. Vystar will
not
receive any proceeds from the distribution or resale of such shares. No public
market currently exists for the shares. We intend to apply for approval for
our
shares of common stock to be traded on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol
"__________".
INVESTING
IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE “RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE
___.
Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission
has
approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus
is
truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
|
PAGE
|
|
|
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
|
1
|
|
|
THE
OFFERINGS
|
4
|
|
|
SUMMARY FINANCIAL
DATA
|
5
|
|
|
RISK
FACTORS
|
6
|
|
|
SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
|
9
|
|
|
MARKET
AND INDUSTRY DATA
|
10
|
|
|
USE
OF PROCEEDS
|
10
|
|
|
DIVIDEND
POLICY
|
10
|
|
|
CAPITALIZATION
|
11
|
|
|
DILUTION
|
11
|
|
|
SELLING
SHAREHOLDERS
|
12
|
|
|
PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
|
13
|
|
|
UNITED
STATES TAX CONSEQUENCES CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX
CONSIDERATIONS
|
14
|
|
|
SELECTED
FINANCIAL DATA
|
17
|
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
|
20
|
|
|
BUSINESS
|
25
|
|
|
GOVERNMENT
REGULATION
|
45
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
LIMITATION
OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
|
56
|
|
|
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
|
57
|
|
|
PRINCIPAL
SHAREHOLDERS
|
57
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK
|
58
|
|
|
SHARES
ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
|
60
|
|
|
LEGAL
MATTERS
|
61
|
EXPERTS
|
61
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
|
F-1
|
You
should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not
authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides
you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.
We
are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where
an
offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing
in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this
prospectus only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of
any
sale of the Shares. Our business, prospects, financial condition and results
of
operations may have changed since that date.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This
summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This
summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before
investing in our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully,
especially the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus and our consolidated
financial statements and related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus,
before making an investment decision.
Overview
Vystar
TM
Corporation (“Vystar” or the “Company”) is the creator and exclusive owner of
the innovative technology to produce Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL"). This
technology reduces antigenic protein in natural rubber latex products made
with
Vytex to virtually undetectable levels. The allergic reactions to untreated
latex are a significant detriment affecting numerous individuals globally that
use many different products made with NRL. With non-latex products growing
at a
rapid rate due to these allergy problems, the costs for alternative materials
incurred by the manufacturers of these many different products have greatly
increased. Nearly all substitute materials are far more expensive than
NRL – by a factor of five in some cases. Vystar is introducing Vytex NRL,
its new “low protein” natural rubber latex, throughout the worldwide marketplace
that uses NRL or latex substitutes as a component of manufactured products.
Vystar intends for Vytex NRL to become the standard source of latex and latex
substitutes, not unlike a standard computer operating system on which many
other
applications can run. Over 9.7 million tonnes of NRL are produced globally
of
which just over one million tonnes are in liquid latex form. There are more
than 40,000 products made from the liquid latex while the other eight
million tonnes are used to produce tires and other hard rubber products. Natural
rubber latex is used in an extensive range of products including balloons,
textiles, footwear and clothing (threads), adhesives, foams, furniture, carpet,
paints, coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment, and, especially
health care products such as condoms, surgical and exam gloves, catheters and
other items. Vystar intends to introduce Vytex NRL into the supply channels
with
aggressive, targeted marketing campaigns directed to the end users
to
create
the pull-through and a competitive advantage for the manufacturers utilizing
Vytex NRL, as well as to manufacturers of the end products.
On
April
11, 2008, Vystar signed a definitive agreement with Revertex (Malaysia), Sdn.
Bhd., a division of Yule Catto Far East and the world's largest producer of
pre-vulcanized natural rubber lattices for the production of Vytex NRL. Revertex
will be a non-exclusive, toll manufacturer for Vystar and has started full
production mode to manufacture Vytex NRL commercially. Vystar ran its first
production February 2, 2008 and has successfully completed several subsequent
production runs.
History
and Background
Travis
W.
Honeycutt, the retired CEO of the Company, is the inventor of the
Vytex
TM
NRL
process. He initially formed Vystar LLC, the predecessor to the Company
in February 2000, as a Georgia limited liability company. The Company’s
operations under the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research,
development and testing of the Vytex NRL process, as well as attaining patent
protection for this invention. Mr. Honeycutt provided the Company’s early
financing from personal funds. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar
Corporation, a Georgia Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities
of
the limited liability company became assets and liabilities of Vystar
Corporation, including all intellectual property rights, patents and trademarks.
In October 2005, the Company moved to its current location in Duluth, Georgia,
part of the metro Atlanta area, and established its corporate headquarters.
Prior
to
retirement, Mr. Honeycutt had over thirty-five years of experience in new
business and technical development in the industrial and healthcare markets.
Mr.
Honeycutt was a founder, former Director and former Executive Vice President
of
Isolyser Company, Inc., recently purchased by ECOLAB. He holds over one hundred
patents and has received several awards for entrepreneurial growth and success,
including Inc. Magazine’s Entrepreneur of the Year for Healthcare in the
Southeast Region. Mr. Honeycutt received his Bachelor of Science degree in
Fiber
and Polymer Chemistry from North Carolina State University and a Masters of
Science degree in Chemical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology.
He
was honored with a Doctorate degree in Physics from Solomon University in Kiev,
Ukraine.
In
June
2002, Vystar applied to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) for
domestic patent protection for its manufacturing process, which was issued
on
June 14, 2005 as U.S. Patent 6,906,126. In April 2005, the Company filed a
continuation in part of its previously granted patent, which was approved by
the
USPTO a mere 6 months later in October 2005, and was ultimately filed on June
6,
2006 as U.S. Patent 7,056,970. All 13 originally filed claims were allowed
in
this patent that issued June 2006.
Vystar
has also filed for international patent protection according to the Patent
Co-Operation Treaty ("PCT"), and has been issued PCT patent No.:
PCT/US2005/025018. This international patent has been filed and nationalized
in
the European Union (EU) as well as in China, Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Canada
and
South Africa. We expect patents in these countries to be issued without
objection. In addition to the international country nationalizations, we are
expanding our patent filings in the U.S. to go beyond pure method patents with
only process method claims, and to include composition of matter claims through
nationalizing the PCT patent back into the U.S. with slight modifications of
the
claims in the original PCT filing, thereby expanding our patent
protection.
Additionally,
we filed two provisional patent applications with USPTO on January 18, 2008,
Serial No. 61/022,250 and July 18, 2008, Serial No. 61/081,927 to cover our
R&D advancements which were the subject of our published papers and
presentations at the Latex 2008 Conference in Madrid, Spain and at the
International Latex Conference in Cleveland, Ohio. We are currently working
to
turn both provisional patent applications into a full utility patent covering
both process method and composition of matter claims to cover our advancements,
which will be filed by January 18, 2009.
The
Company has applied for trademark protection for "Vystar", "Vytex" and our
tagline "Created by Nature. Recreated by Science." in the U.S. and intends
to file internationally for trademark protection. As of October 1, 2008, the
time period for submitting objections expired with no objections having been
filed with the USPTO. Therefore, we are awaiting the official statement of
allowance from the USPTO on all three of these trademarks and are in the final
stages of validating use for final approval and registration of these marks.
While the Company expects trademark protection to be granted for its Company
and
product names, no assurance can be given that such protection will be granted
in
a timely manner or, if ever such protection is granted, whether it will provide
substantial protection from competition. Vystar realizes that the market for
Vytex NRL is an industrialized world concern; therefore, Vystar is committed
to
aggressively challenging any infringements of its patents and trademarks.
Mr.
Honeycutt and William Doyle, President and CEO of the Company, have spoken
on
the Company's Vytex NRL product and its potential at a number of industry
conferences, including: the International Latex Conference, in Charlotte, North
Carolina (July 2005); Latex 2006, in Frankfurt, Germany (January 2006);
Malaysian Rubber Glove Manufacturers Association's (MARGMA) 3
rd
International Rubber Glove Conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (September
2006)
and Latex 2008 in Madrid, Spain (January 2008), where their fourth technical
paper was presented. In July, 2008, a fifth technical paper was presented by
the
Company’s Technical Advisor, Mark Swanson, at the International Latex Conference
in Cleveland, Ohio.
The
Company has also exhibited at the world's largest medical technology and
equipment tradeshow at the MEDICA conference in Dusseldorf, Germany in November
2007 and 2008 as part of the State of Georgia Department of Economic Development
group of companies. The Company has generated significant commercial interest
in
Vytex NRL in several arenas resulting from attendance at this important global
conference.
Risks
Factors
We
are a
development stage company and have generated only
limited revenues to date. You should carefully consider the risks described
under the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this prospectus. These risks
could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition,
operating results and cash flow, which could result in a partial or total loss
of your investment.
Our
Corporate Information
The
principal executive offices are located at 3235 Satellite Boulevard, Building
400, Suite 290, Duluth, Georgia 30096, and our telephone number is 770-965-0383.
Our website address is www.vytex.com.
The
information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not
a
part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus
solely as an inactive textual reference.
Unless
the context otherwise requires, we use the terms “Vystar,” “our company,” “we,”
“us” and “our” in this prospectus to refer to Vystar Corporation, and its
predecessor, Vystar LLC.
THE
OFFERING
S
Common
Stock to be Distributed
|
600,000
shares will be distributed pro rata to the public stockholders of
Universal Capital Management, Inc. (“UCM”) by UCM at a ratio of ____
shares of our common stock for each share of common stock of UCM
held by
their stockholders on the record date.
|
|
|
Record
Date
|
____________________________
|
|
|
Common
Stock to be sold by the
Selling
Shareholders
|
Up
to 500,000 shares
|
|
|
Proceeds
to Vystar
|
None
|
|
|
Common
Stock to be Outstanding
after
this Distribution
|
12,541,273
shares
|
|
|
Risk
Factors
|
You
should read the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus. beginning at
page __.
|
The
number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering
is
based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as
of November 3, 2008, and excludes:
|
·
|
5,941,266
shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and
warrants outstanding as of May 1, 2008 at a weighted average exercise
price of $.94 per share; and
|
|
·
|
An
additional 600,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance
under our equity compensation plans as of November 1,
2008.
|
The
following tables summarize the financial data for our business as of and for
the
periods presented. You should read this information together with the “Selected
Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations” sections of this prospectus and our financial
statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
|
Year Ended December 31
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30
|
|
Statement
of Operations Data:
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(in
thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General
and administrative (1)
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
759
|
|
|
703
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
1,704
|
|
Research
and development (1)
|
|
|
604
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
238
|
|
|
291
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
1,504
|
|
Total
costs and expenses
|
|
|
1,266
|
|
|
1,072
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
3,499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
loss
|
|
|
(1,266
|
)
|
|
(1,072
|
)
|
|
(1,140
|
)
|
|
(617
|
)
|
|
(3,499
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income (expense), net
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
20
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
6
|
|
Provision
for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(120
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(1,266
|
)
|
$
|
(1,086
|
)
|
$
|
(1,240
|
)
|
$
|
(610
|
)
|
$
|
(3,493
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss per Share
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
$
|
(0.31
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Weighted Average Number of Common Shares
Outstanding
|
|
|
12,509
|
|
|
13,185
|
|
|
14,495
|
|
|
14,114
|
|
|
11,422
|
|
(1)
Includes stock-based compensation expense
RISK
FACTORS
An
investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should
carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment
decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results
could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently
known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. As a result, you may
lose
all or part of your investment. Before deciding whether to invest in our common
stock you should also refer to the other information contained in this
prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related
notes.
Risks
Related to Our Business
We
have had very limited revenues in our
history.
We
have
had very limited revenues in our history. While we anticipate that additional
revenues will be generated by the fourth quarter of 2008, such revenues, if
any,
will not be sufficient for the Company to become profitable. We expect to make
significant future expenditures to develop and expand our business. We may
incur
significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including due to
the
other risks described in this prospectus, and we may encounter unforeseen
expenses, difficulties, complications and delays and other unknown events.
Accordingly, we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability, and we
may
incur significant losses for the foreseeable future.
Vystar
is a development stage company.
Vystar
is
a development stage company with limited operating experience. Vystar is in
the
early stages of implementing a business plan which is new to Vystar, its
directors, officers and employees. The financial success of Vystar and the
ultimate value, if any, of our common stock will be dependent upon the soundness
of this business concept and the ability of management of the Company to
successfully and profitably execute that concept.
The
lack
of an operations history eliminates your ability to use standard methods of
company valuation, such as price/earnings ratio analysis or present value of
cash flows analysis, to appropriately value the Company and an investment
therein. The value of your investment in the common stock will significantly
decline, or even become worthless, if our business is not
successful.
Operating
results could fluctuate and differ considerably from our financial
forecasts.
Our
business model is based on assumptions derived from (i) the experience of the
principals of the Company, and (ii) third party market information and analysis.
There are no assurances that these assumptions will prove to be valid for our
future operations or plans.
Our
operating results may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of
factors, including:
|
·
|
Acceptance
by manufacturers of the Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex
technology;
|
|
·
|
Our
ability to achieve and sustain
profitability;
|
|
·
|
Consumer
confidence in products manufactured using our Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex
technology.
|
Our
business is totally dependent on market demand for, and acceptance of, the
Vytex
TM
Natural Rubber Latex process.
We
expect
to derive most of our revenue from the sales of our Vytex
TM
Natural
Rubber Latex raw material to various manufacturers of rubber and rubber end
products using NRL and/or their distributors. We will pay natural rubber latex
processors a fee for the service of manufacturing and creating Vytex NRL for
us
under our toll manufacturing agreement. Conversely, Vystar will collect a fee
under the licensing model. Our Vytex NRL product is new and operates within
broad, diverse and rapidly changing markets. As a result, widespread acceptance
and use of product is critical to our future growth and success. If the market
for our product fails to grow or grows more slowly than we currently anticipate,
demand for our product could be negatively affected.
Assertions
by a third party that our process infringes its intellectual property, whether
or not correct, could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or
expensive licenses.
There
is
frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations
of
intellectual property rights. As we face increasing competition and become
increasingly visible as an operating company, the possibility of intellectual
property rights claims against us may grow.
Any
intellectual property rights claim against us or our customers, with or without
merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle and could divert
management attention and financial resources. An adverse determination also
could prevent us from offering our process, require us to pay damages, require
us to obtain a license or require that we stop using technology found to be
in
violation of a third party’s rights or procure or develop substitute services
that do not infringe, which could require significant resources and expenses.
The
market in which we will participate is competitive and if we do not compete
effectively, our operating results may be harmed.
The
markets for our product are competitive and rapidly changing. With the
introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect competition
to
intensify in the future. In addition, pricing pressures and increased
competition generally could result in reduced sales, reduced margins or the
failure of our services to achieve or maintain widespread market acceptance.
While
early interest was strong in a new innovative product in the natural rubber
latex industry, pricing and regulatory approvals remain a key selling factor
especially in the exam glove arena. There is no manufacturer signed to date
that
has accepted Vytex NRL into its product mix.
While
Vytex NRL is currently in the early stages of 510(k) application with the FDA
for condoms and exam gloves, there is no assurance that either or both will
be
awarded approval.
An
American manufacturer of condoms has been engaged in production work and has
completed required testing for using Vytex NRL in their condom line and will
be
initiating the same with exam gloves by first quarter 2009. In the meantime,
the
same manufacturer will proceed with a production run of a straight dipped exam
glove and proceed with the 510(k) application for the exam glove with the FDA.
We have no assurance that the products will provide acceptable test results
and
even if they do, there is no certainty that the FDA will approve the
applications.
Vystar
will seek to have lower protein claims than what is currently on the market
today and will ultimately seek to have latex warnings removed from all
FDA-regulated products, but it cannot guarantee that either of such actions
will
be approved by the FDA.
The
FDA
scrutinizes heavily any and all claims categorizing the protein levels and
other
claims of a NRL product. Currently, the FDA has allowed claims only stating
the
level of less than 50 micrograms/gram of total extractable proteins pursuant
to
only one of two FDA-recognized standards. Vystar intends to claim protein levels
pursuant to both of the two FDA-recognized standards, which will result in
claiming the lowest level of antigenic proteins for a
Hevea
NRL
product currently on the market. There is no guarantee that the FDA will allow
these claims.
Additionally,
for many years, the FDA has required warnings on products containing latex
due
to the latex allergy issue that exists. Vystar plans on petitioning the FDA
to
have that label removed from products manufactured with Vytex NRL, by filing
a
Citizen’s Petition. Such Petition is likely to require clinical test results
indicating acceptable allergic reactions associated with Vytex NRL.
There are no assurances that the FDA will grant that request.
Manufacturers
are implementing trials of Vytex NRL in their facilities but final data are
not
yet available from all these manufacturers on its viability for their particular
environments.
Samples
of Vytex NRL have been made available to several natural rubber latex and latex
substitute end product manufacturers. Since the completion of the Vytex NRL
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Vystar has toll manufactured several
one-tonne production runs at Revertex Malaysia. Manufacturers that have signed
a
sampling agreement with us have been provided with samples of Vytex NRL for
validating its use in their manufacturing processes. To date, only a small
number of manufacturers have completed those runs so feedback is minimal at
this
point. Although most feedback received to date is positive, there is no
assurance that such feedback will continue to be satisfactory.
Risks
Related to this Distribution and Ownership of Our Common
Stock.
The
offering price of the common stock and warrants in our recently completed
private placement was set arbitrarily.
In
our
recently completed private placement, we issued 1,189,000 shares of our
common stock and 594,500 warrants to purchase our common stock, at an
aggregate price of $2.00 per share and accompanying warrants. This price was
set
arbitrarily and there should be no implication from such pricing that the common
stock now has or ever will have a market value of $2.00 per share or that such
stock could ever be sold for $2.00 per share or at any price. Earlier offerings
of our common stock were at prices from $1.00 to $1.50 per share of common
stock, together with warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an
exercise price of $.50 per share.
Our
failure to raise additional capital or generate the cash flows necessary to
expand our operations and invest in our services could reduce our ability to
compete successfully.
We
may
need to raise additional funds, and we may not be able to obtain additional
financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise additional equity
financing, our shareholders may experience significant dilution of their
ownership interests, and the per share value of our common stock could decline.
If we engage in debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict
our ability to incur additional indebtedness and force us to maintain specified
liquidity or other ratios. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it
on
acceptable terms, we may not be able to, among other things:
|
·
|
continue
to expand our sales and marketing
organizations;
|
|
·
|
expand
our operations, in the United States or
internationally;
|
|
·
|
hire,
train and retain employees; or
|
|
·
|
respond
to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital
requirements.
|
The
distribution of our common stock to the UCM stockholders will be a taxable
event
resulting in taxable income to such stockholders.
The
distribution will constitute a dividend to the UCM stockholders, taxable as
ordinary income, to the extent the distribution is treated as paid out of UCM’s
current or accumulated earnings and profits (as computed for federal income
tax
purposes).
After
the completion of this distribution and resale offering, we do not expect to
declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.
After
the
completion of this distribution and resale offering, we do not anticipate
declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable
future. Consequently, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after
price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future
gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase
our common stock.
There
is no assurance that any significant public market for our shares of Common
Stock will develop after the completion of this distribution of common stock
to
the UCM stockholders.
While
we
intend
to
apply for approval for our shares of common stock to be traded on the OTC
Bulletin Board, there is no assurance that such approval will be granted or
that
there will be any significant public market for our common stock even if such
approval is granted. Much of our common stock that has been previously issued
privately and will not be eligible for public resale under SEC Rule 144 for
three months after Vystar becomes a fully-reporting company under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
This
prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks
and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts,
contained in this prospectus, including statements about our strategy, future
operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs,
prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements.
The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,”
“plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,”
“should,” “continue” and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain
these identifying words. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus
include, among other things, statements about:
|
·
|
our
plans to commercialize and market our
services;
|
|
·
|
our
financial performance;
|
|
·
|
the
potential benefits of collaboration agreements and our ability to
enter
into selective collaboration arrangements;
|
|
·
|
our
ability to quickly and efficiently identify and develop new products
and
markets for our Vytex NRL;
|
|
·
|
our
ability to establish and maintain intellectual property rights; and
|
|
·
|
our
estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements
and
needs for additional financing.
|
We
may
not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our
forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our
forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially
from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking
statements we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary
statements included in this prospectus, particularly in the “Risk Factors”
section of this prospectus, that we believe could cause actual results or events
to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our
forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future
acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.
You
should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that our
actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We do
not
assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as
a
result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by
law.
In
this
prospectus, we rely on and refer to information and statistics regarding the
industries and the markets in which we intend to compete. We obtained this
information and these statistics from various third-party sources. We believe
that these sources and the estimates contained therein are reliable, but we
have
not independently verified them. Such information involves risks and
uncertainties and is subject to change based on various factors, including
those
discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus.
USE
OF PROCEEDS
Vystar
will not receive any proceeds from the distribution of common stock to the
UCM
stockholders or the sale of common stock by the selling shareholders.
We
have
never declared or paid dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to
retain any future earnings to finance our research and development efforts,
the
development of our proprietary technologies and the expansion of our business.
We do not intend to declare or pay cash dividends on our capital stock in the
foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the
discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon a number of factors,
including our results of operations, financial condition, future prospects,
contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other
factors our board of directors deems relevant.
CAPITALIZATION
The
following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization
as
of June 30, 2008 on an actual basis.
You
should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements
and
the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus and the “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”
section of this prospectus.
|
|
Actual
|
|
|
|
June
30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
798,983
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
long-term debt, including current portion
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders'
equity
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized
|
|
|
1,129
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
8,972,557
|
|
Stock
subscription receivable
|
|
|
(20,500
|
)
|
Deferred
compensation
|
|
|
(45,958
|
)
|
Deficit
accumulated during development stage
|
|
|
(7,619,657
|
)
|
Total
stockholders' equity
|
|
|
1,287,571
|
|
Total
capitalization
|
|
$
|
1,287,571
|
|
The
table
above does not include:
·
|
5,941,266 shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and warrants
outstanding as of October 31, 2008 at a weighted average exercise
price of
$.94 per share; and
|
·
|
an
additional 600,000 shares of common stock reserved for future
issuance under our equity compensation plans as of October 31,
2008.
|
We
have
10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, none of which have been
issued.
DILUTION
Since
neither the distribution of shares to the UCM stockholders nor the resale of
shares by the selling shareholders will result in proceeds being paid to Vystar,
our net tangible book value per share will not be affected by the distribution
or the offering.
SELLING
SHAREHOLDER
S
This
prospectus covers shares that were acquired from Vystar in private transactions
exempt from registration under the Securities Act by Travis Honeycutt, the
founder of the Company. Mr. Honeycutt acquired the shares in 2003 and is
reasonably
believed
to be an "accredited investor" as defined by Regulation D under the
Securities Act. Mr. Honeycutt has retired from active involvement with Vystar
as
a result of personal health issues. At his request, the Company has agreed
to
register a portion of the shares of common stock that he has owned since
Vystar’s inception for resale. In connection with such registration, Mr.
Honeycutt has transferred approximately fifty (50%) percent of his shares of
Vystar common stock to his wife, Margaret Honeycutt.
The
following table presents information
regarding
Mr.
Honeycutt and Mrs. Honeycutt. The table includes:
·
|
The
nature of any material relationship within the last three years between
Mr. Honeycutt or Mrs. Honeycutt, and Vystar.
|
·
|
The
number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by Mr. Honeycutt
and Mrs. Honeycutt prior to this
offering.
|
·
|
The
number of shares of our common stock offered hereunder by Mr. Honeycutt
and Mrs. Honeycutt.
|
·
|
The
number and percent of shares of our common stock beneficially owned
by Mr.
Honeycutt and Mrs. Honeycutt after the offering is complete. This
calculation assumes that all shares are sold pursuant to this offering
and
that no other shares of common stock are acquired or disposed of
by Mr.
Honeycutt or Mrs. Honeycutt prior to the termination of this offering.
|
Mr.
Honeycutt and Mrs. Honeycutt are offering for sale with this prospectus up
to
the number of shares listed below subject to the limitations described in the
section of this prospectus entitled "Plan of Distribution."
Name
|
|
Shares of
common stock
Beneficially Owned
before the Offering
|
|
Shares of
common stock
Registered in this
Offering
|
|
Shares of common
stock Owned After
Offering
|
|
Percentage of
Outstanding
common stock
Beneficially Owned
After the Offering
|
|
Travis
Honeycutt*
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
2,247,000
|
|
|
17.92
|
%
|
Margaret
Honeycutt**
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
2,247,000
|
|
|
17.92
|
%
|
*
|
Mr.
Honeycutt is the founder of the Company. Mr. Honeycutt was a director,
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company
from
organization to March, 2008.
|
**
|
Mrs.
Honeycutt is the wife of Mr. Honeycutt. She has never had any relationship
with the Company.
|
We
are
registering the resale of the shares on behalf of the selling shareholders.
We
will keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of
(i) two
years
from the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus
is a part,
or
(ii) such time that all of the shares have been sold pursuant to the
prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of
similar effect. As used in this prospectus, the term "selling shareholders"
includes the pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors-in-interest
selling shares received after the date of this prospectus from the selling
shareholders as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other non-sale
related transfer. The selling shareholders may, from time to time, sell any
or
all of their shares of common stock on any stock exchange, market or trading
facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These sales
may be at fixed or negotiated prices. The selling shareholders may use any
one
or more of the following methods when selling shares:
·
|
ordinary
brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer
solicits purchasers;
|
·
|
block
trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares
as agent
but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to
facilitate the transaction;
|
·
|
purchases
by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for
its
account;
|
·
|
an
exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable
exchange;
|
·
|
privately
negotiated transactions;
|
·
|
broker-dealers
may agree with the selling shareholder to sell a specified number
of such
shares at a stipulated price per share;
|
·
|
a
combination of any such methods of sale; and
|
·
|
any
other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
|
The
selling shareholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the
Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus. Broker-dealers
engaged by the selling shareholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to
participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from
the selling shareholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the
purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The
selling shareholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed
what is customary in the types of transactions involved. Any profits on the
resale of shares of common stock by a broker-dealer acting as principal might
be
deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act.
Discounts, concessions, commissions and similar selling expenses, if any,
attributable to the sale of shares will be borne by the selling shareholders.
The selling shareholders may agree to indemnify any agent, dealer or
broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving sales of the shares
if
liabilities are imposed on that person under the Securities Act.
The
selling shareholders may from time to time pledge or grant a security interest
in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default
in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties
may offer and sell the shares of common stock from time to time under this
prospectus after we have filed a supplement to this prospectus under
Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933
supplementing or amending the list of selling shareholders to include the
pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling shareholders
under this prospectus.
The
selling shareholders have advised us that they have not entered into any
agreements, understandings or arrangements with any underwriters or
broker-dealers regarding the sale of their shares of common stock, nor is there
an underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with a proposed
sale
of shares of common stock by the selling shareholders. If we are notified by
a
selling shareholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with
a
broker-dealer for the sale of shares of common stock, if required, we will
file a supplement to this prospectus. If the selling shareholders use this
prospectus for any sale of the shares of common stock, they will be subject
to
the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
The
anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 may apply to sales of our common stock and activities of the selling
shareholders.
UNITED
STATES TAX CONSEQUENCES
CERTAIN
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The
following discussion summarizes certain U.S. federal income tax consequences
to
a United States person who acquires our common stock in the distribution from
UCM or in the sale by the selling shareholders. This discussion is based on
the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), the applicable Treasury
Regulations promulgated or proposed thereunder, administrative pronouncements
of
the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") and judicial decisions as of the date
hereof, all of which are subject to change at any time, possibly retroactively.
There can be no assurance that the IRS will not take a view contrary to that
set
forth herein that may be upheld by a court. No ruling from the IRS or opinion
of
counsel has been or will be sought as to any of the matters discussed
below.
This
summary is for general information purposes only and applies only to an investor
who holds our common stock as a capital asset within the meaning of section
1221
of the Code. It does not purport to address all tax consequences that may be
relevant to any particular investor or to an investor subject to special tax
rules, including certain types of persons subject to special treatment under
the
Code, including insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, financial
institutions, dealers in securities or foreign currencies, persons holding
the
Notes as part of a hedging or constructive sale transaction, straddle,
conversion transaction or other integrated transaction, persons that have a
functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, investors in pass-through
entities or arrangements, and persons who are not citizens or residents of
the
United States or that are foreign corporations, foreign partnerships or foreign
estates or trusts. In addition, the discussion does not address any aspect
of
state, local or foreign taxation or other federal taxes.
EACH
PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IN OUR COMMON STOCK IS URGED TO CONSULT HIS TAX ADVISER
CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM OF ACQUIRING, OWNING
AND DISPOSING OF A COMMON SHARE, AS WELL AS THE APPLICATION OF STATE, LOCAL
AND
FOREIGN INCOME TAX LAWS AND OTHER TAX LAWS.
Distribution
From UCM
Our
common stock that a stockholder of UCM receives from UCM will be treated as
a
distribution on that UCM stock in an amount equal to the fair market value
of
our common stock on the date of the distribution. That distribution will
constitute a dividend to the UCM stockholder, taxable as ordinary income, to
the
extent the distribution is treated as paid out of UCM’s current or accumulated
earnings and profits (as computed for federal income tax purposes). To the
extent the distribution is not treated as paid out of UCM’s current or
accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated as a non-taxable return
(and reduction) of the UCM stockholder’s basis in his UCM stock, to the extent
thereof, and if and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds
earnings and profits and basis, it will be treated as gain from the sale of
the
UCM stock on which it is paid. Dividends received by a corporation are generally
eligible for the dividends received deduction, subject to limitations, including
the limitations under section 1059 of the Code relating to extraordinary
dividends.
A
UCM
stockholder’s initial tax basis in our common stock will be equal to the fair
market value of the common stock on the date UCM distributes that stock. The
holder’s holding period for our common stock will begin on the day after the
date of the distribution from UCM.
Purchase
From Selling Shareholders
A
prospective investor who purchases our common stock in the sale by the selling
shareholders will have an initial tax basis in our common stock equal to the
purchase price paid for that stock. The investor’s holding period for that
common stock will begin on the day after the date of purchase.
Distribution
on our Common Stock
If
we
were to pay a distribution on our common stock, that distribution would
constitute a dividend, taxable as ordinary income, to the extent the
distribution is treated as paid out of our current or accumulated earnings
and
profits (as computed for federal income tax purposes). To the extent the
distribution is not treated as paid out of our current or accumulated earnings
and profits, it will be treated as a non-taxable return (and reduction) of
basis
in our common stock, to the extent thereof, and if and to the extent the amount
of the distribution exceeds earnings and profits and basis, it will be treated
as gain from the sale of our common stock. Dividends received by a corporation
are generally eligible for the dividends received deduction, subject to
limitations, including the limitations under section 1059 of the Code relating
to extraordinary dividends.
Subsequent
Disposition of our Common Stock
Upon
a
subsequent sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock, you generally
will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount
realized and your tax basis in the common stock. That gain or loss generally
will be long-term capital gain or loss if the common stock was held for more
than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to
limitations.
Backup
Withholding
You
may
be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 28% of the dividends you receive
on our common stock or on the proceeds from a sale or other taxable disposition
of our common stock unless (a) you are a corporation or other exempt recipient
or (b) you provide, when required, your taxpayer identification number to the
payer, certify that you are not subject to backup withholding and otherwise
comply with the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an
additional tax; any amount so withheld is creditable against your federal income
tax liability or is refundable, provided you furnish the required information
to
the IRS.
You
should read the following selected financial data together with our financial
statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus and
the
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” section of this prospectus. We have derived the statements of
operations data for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and the
balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 from our audited
financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derived
the
statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004
and 2005 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005
from our unaudited financial statements not included in this prospectus. We
have
derived the statements of operation data for the six months ended June 30,
2008 and the balance sheet data as of June 30, 2008 from our unaudited
financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our unaudited
financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2008 have been
prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and include all
adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for
the
fair presentation of this data in all material respects. Our historical results
for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected
in
any future period, and our results for any interim period are not necessarily
indicative of results for a full fiscal year.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For
the
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six
Months
|
|
|
|
Year
Ended December 31
|
|
Ended
|
|
($
in thousands)
|
|
2003
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
June
30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
759
|
|
|
703
|
|
|
1,704
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
604
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
291
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
1,504
|
|
Total
costs and expenses
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
1,266
|
|
|
1,072
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
3,499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(500
|
)
|
|
(1,266
|
)
|
|
(1,072
|
)
|
|
(1,140
|
)
|
|
(3,499
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income (expense), net
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
20
|
|
|
6
|
|
Provision
for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(120
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
(500
|
)
|
$
|
(1,266
|
)
|
$
|
(1,086
|
)
|
$
|
(1,240
|
)
|
$
|
(3,493
|
)
|
|
|
Year
Ended December 31
|
|
June
30
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
Balance
Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
353
|
|
$
|
30
|
|
$
|
420
|
|
$
|
573
|
|
$
|
799
|
|
$
|
735
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
436
|
|
|
651
|
|
|
1,488
|
|
|
1,043
|
|
Total
liabilities
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
236
|
|
|
232
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
220
|
|
|
330
|
|
|
223
|
|
Total
shareholders' equity
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
457
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
1,288
|
|
|
868
|
|
Working
capital (deficiency)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
|
175
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
1,173
|
|
|
875
|
|
SELECTED
FINANCIAL DATA
Condensed
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 2, 2000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(inception)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six
Months
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
Ended June 30,
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2008
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
1,072
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
3,499
|
|
|
7,512
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
|
|
(1,072
|
)
|
|
(1,140
|
)
|
|
(3,499
|
)
|
|
(7,512
|
)
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
26
|
|
Provision
for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(120
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(120
|
)
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(1,086
|
)
|
$
|
(1,240
|
)
|
$
|
(3,493
|
)
|
$
|
(7,620
|
)
|
Net
loss per share, basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
$
|
(0.31
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
31
|
|
December
31
|
|
June
30
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
Condensed
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
$
|
436
|
|
$
|
651
|
|
$
|
1,488
|
|
Total
assets
|
|
$
|
736
|
|
$
|
794
|
|
$
|
1,617
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
$
|
261
|
|
$
|
204
|
|
$
|
315
|
|
Total
stockholders' equity
|
|
$
|
457
|
|
$
|
575
|
|
$
|
1,288
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements
and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The following
discussion contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results may
differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking
statements. Factors that may cause future results to differ materially
from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not
limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this
prospectus.
Overview
Vystar
LLC, the predecessor to the Company, was formed February 2, 2000, as a Georgia
limited liability company by Travis W. Honeycutt. The Company’s operations under
the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research, development and
testing of the Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL") process, as well as attaining
intellectual property rights. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar
Corporation, a Georgia Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities
of
the limited liability company became assets and liabilities of Vystar
Corporation, including all intellectual property rights, patents and
trademarks.
We
are a
developmental stage company whose primary activities since inception have been
devoted to the development of NRL and raising capital, but our focus is changing
to developing the market for NRL and beginning operations. As we move from
a
development stage company to a product vendor, we expect that our financial
condition and results of operations will undergo substantial change. In
particular, we expect to record both revenue and expense from product sales
and
to incur increased costs for sales and marketing expenses. Accordingly, the
financial condition and results of operations reflected in our historical
financial statements are not expected to be indicative of our future financial
condition and results of operations.
Significant
Accounting Policies
Our
discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations
is
based on the accompanying consolidated financial statements, which have been
prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As
such, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. By their
nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of
uncertainty. Our management reviews its estimates on an on-going basis. We
base
our estimates and assumptions on historical experience, knowledge of current
conditions and our understanding of what we believe to be reasonable that might
occur in the future considering available information. Actual results may differ
from these estimates, and material effects on our operating results and
financial position may result.
Non
Cash Compensation Expense
- On
January 1, 2006, Vystar adopted SFAS No. 123(R),
Share Based
Payment
. SFAS No. 123(R) requires all share-based payments,
including grants of employee stock options and warrants to third parties, to
be
recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values.
On
a
quarterly basis, Vystar computes the value of newly granted awards by utilizing
the Black-Scholes valuation model based upon their expected lives, volatility
for publicly held companies that are similar to us since we are not yet publicly
held with an active market for our stock, and the risk-free rate on US
Government securities with matching maturities. The value of the awards are
then
straight-line expensed over the lives of the purchase options and expensed
when
vested (or over the service life, if applicable) for the warrants.
Discussion
of Financial Results
Comparison
of Year Ended December 31, 2007 to Year Ended December 31, 2006
Revenues
We
had no
revenues in either period since we are a development stage company that had
yet
to commence revenue generating operations.
Operating
Expenses
Our
operating expenses were $1,139,845 and $1,072,086 for the years ended December
31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, for an increase of $67,759. This increase
in
operating expenses was due primarily to increased research and development
activities.
Included
in our operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $427,530
for
research and development expenses compared to $304,680 for 2006, a 40% increase
primarily resulting from increased employee compensation and benefits. General
and administrative expense had a 7% decrease to $712,315 from 2006’s expenses of
$767,406.
Research
and development expenses currently consist primarily of compensation for
employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development
activities; laboratory operations, and related operating expenses. These
expenditures are expensed as incurred.
General
and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and support costs
for management and administrative staff, and for other general and
administrative costs, including executive, accounting and finance, legal,
consulting and other operating expenses.
We
expect
general and administrative expense to increase in future periods as we increase
the level of corporate and administrative activity, including significantly
increased expenditures related to the future production and sales of our
products.
Other
Expense
Other
Expense was $99,789 for the year ended December 31, 2007, consisting of $20,416
of interest income on cash deposits, reduced by $120,205 charged against
operations as a provision for a note receivable from a related party. This
compares with the $13,400 loss on disposal of assets and $811 of interest
expense, or a net Other Expense in 2006 of $14,211.
Net
Loss
Net
loss
was $1,239,634 and $1,086,297 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively, for an increase of $153,337, primarily resulting from increased
research and development and general and administrative expenses as described
above.
Comparison
of Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 to Six Months Ended June 30, 2007
Revenues
We
had no
revenues in either period since we are a development stage company that had
yet
to commence revenue generating operations.
Operating
Expenses
Our
operating expenses were $3,499,499 and $617,007 for the six months ended June
30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, for an increase of $2,882,492. In 2008,
$1,467,006 was recorded for stock-based compensation as well as an additional
$1,499,737 for amortization of deferred compensation. This compares with $75,781
for stock-based compensation in 2007 for the same period and no amortization
of
deferred compensation. The stock-based compensation charges to operations in
2008 were primarily for incentive stock options granted under our Incentive
Stock Option Plan to executive officers and were made so that their interests
would be aligned with those of shareholders, providing incentive to improve
Company performance on a long-term basis. Grants of warrants were also made
to
third parties for various services rendered to preserve operating
capital.
Included
in our operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2008 was $290,615
for research and development expenses compared to $237,665 for the six
months ended June 30, 2007 and $3,208,884 for general and administrative
expenses compared to $379,342 for the same period in 2007. Besides the
stock-based compensation charges discussed above, general and administrative
expenses increased $68,932 during the first six months of 2008 compared with
2007 due to increased staffing and marketing efforts as we move toward becoming
a product vendor.
Research
and development expenses currently consist primarily of compensation for
employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development
activities; laboratory operations, and related operating expenses.
We
expect
to continue to incur substantial research and development expenses for clinical
trials, regulatory submissions, assistance with manufacturing trials, and
product enhancements.
General
and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and support costs
for management and administrative staff, and for other general and
administrative costs, including executive, accounting and finance, legal,
consulting and other operating expenses.
We
expect
general and administrative expense to remain relatively stable in future periods
as we increase the level of corporate and administrative activity, including
increases associated with our operation as a public company, and significantly
increase expenditures related to the future production and sales of our
products. Offsetting these increases will be a reduced level of stock-based
compensation from what we experienced during the first half of 2008.
Other
Income (Expense)
Other
income was $6,244 for the six months ended June 30, 2008, consisting of $6,297
of interest income on cash deposits and other expense of $53, compared to $7,161
of interest income for the same period ended June 30, 2007.
Net
Loss
Net
loss
was $3,493,255 and $609,846 for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, for an increase of $2,883,409, primarily resulting from research
and development and general and administrative expenses incurred as described
above.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
As
of
June 30, 2008, we had $798,983 in cash and $500,000 in short term investments
consisting of a certificate of deposit.
Sources
and Uses of Cash
For
the
six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, net cash used by operations was
$398,774 and $594,827, respectively. The negative cash flow at June 30, 2008
resulted from the net loss of $3,493,255 reduced by stock-based compensation
charges $1,557,709, amortization of deferred compensation $1,499,737,
depreciation $3,585, and amortization of $1,502 as well as increases in accounts
payable $69,715 and accrued expenses $41,576 net of an increase in prepaid
expenses of $78,079. The negative cash flow for the six months ended June 30,
2007 resulted from a net loss of $609,846 for the period reduced by stock-based
compensation expense $115,591, depreciation $3,315 and amortization of $1,192.
Increases in prepaid expense $25,649 and other assets of $24,079 along with
a
reduction of accrued expenses of $60,713 were responsible for most of the
remaining negative cash flow from operations for the period.
For
the
years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, net cash used by operations was
$1,042,904 and $761,273, respectively. The net loss for 2007 of $1,239,634
was
reduced by stock-based compensation expense $152,936, a provision on a related
party note receivable of $120,205, depreciation $6,603, and amortization $2,384
as well as an increase in accounts payable of $14,696. Increases in prepaid
expenses $12,456 and other assets of $14,079 and decreases in accrued expenses
of $71,851 accounted for most of the remaining difference between the net loss
and cash used by operations for 2007. For 2006, a net loss of $1,086,297 was
reduced by stock-based compensation expense $259,945, depreciation $5,952,
amortization $2,090, and a loss on disposal of assets of $13,400. An increase
in
prepaid expense of $6,807 and a decrease of accounts payable of $97,795 was
offset by increases in a related party accounts payable of $31,196 and accrued
expenses of $108,294 to account for most of the remaining negative operating
activities cash flow for 2006.
Net
cash
(used in) or provided by investing activities was ($524,142) and $5,000 for
the
six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The investing activities
during the six months ended June 30, 2008 were due to the purchase of a
short-term investment of $500,000; expenditures of $15,822 for legal expenses
related to our patents and $8,320 for purchases of new equipment. The $5,000
provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2007 were
advances to a related party under a note receivable.
Net
cash
used in investing activities was $7,802 and $2,509 for the years ended December
31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The investing activities during 2007 involved
proceeds of $5,000 received from a related party note receivable reduced by
$12,802 for legal expenses related to patents. During 2006, investing activities
consisted of $12,981 advanced to a related party under a note receivable and
$12,500 proceeds received from that same related party note receivable as well
as $2,028 for purchases of new equipment.
Net
cash
provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and
2007, respectively, was $1,148,722 and $905,148. During the six months ended
June 30, 2008, we received proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants
of $1,148,722. This is net of issuance costs of $140,861 for the period. During
the six months ended June 30, 2007, we received proceeds from the sale of common
stock and warrants of $905,148, net of issuance costs of $55,135.
Net
cash
provided by financing activities was $1,204,145 and $1,153,156 for the years
ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. For the year ended December
31,
2007, we received proceeds from the sale of common stock of $1,204,145, net
of
issuance costs of $71,559. During 2006, we received proceeds of $1,153,156
from
the sale of common stock, net of issuance costs of $91,047.
Our
future expenditures and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors,
including: the rate at which we can introduce and sell NRL to manufacturers;
the
costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and
other intellectual property rights; and market acceptance of our products and
competing technological developments. We expect that we will incur in excess
of
$2 million of expenditures over the next 12 months. As we expand our activities
and operations, our cash requirements are expected to increase at a rate
consistent with revenue growth after we have achieved sustained revenue
generation.
Our
business does not presently generate the cash needed to finance our current
and
anticipated operations. We believe we have raised sufficient capital to finance
our operations for the next twelve (12) months, and until we have sustained
revenue generation during the second quarter of 2009.
We
expect
that our cash used in operations will increase during the remainder of 2008
and
beyond as a result of the following planned activities:
·
|
The
addition of staff to our workforce as needs
arise;
|
·
|
Increased
spending for the expansion of our research and development efforts,
including clinical trials, regulatory submissions, assistance with
manufacturing trials and product
enhancements;
|
·
|
Increased
spending in marketing as our products are introduced into the
marketplace;
|
·
|
Increases
in our general and administrative activities related to our operations
as
a reporting public company and related corporate compliance
requirements.
|
Inflation
and Seasonality
We
do not
believe that our operations are significantly impacted by inflation. Our
business is not seasonal in nature, but is subject to commodity pricing.
Our product is a commodity-based raw material.
BUSINESS
History
of NRL and its Allergenicity Problems
Natural
rubber latex is an agricultural product produced from the sap of the rubber
tree,
Hevea
brasiliensis
.
Natural
rubber latex is composed of cis-isoprene molecules that are formed from
naturally produced proteins found in the rubber plant’s sap. These molecules in
their mature state provide both the elasticity and the liquid barrier properties
of latex
that
make
NRL such a highly desired material. Once believed to be an inert substance,
NRL
has become recognized as a major cause of allergic and sensitization reactions,
especially among healthcare workers and their patients. One of the naturally
occurring proteins, the Rubber Elongation Factor (REF), has been identified
as
the primary cause of the allergenic reactions to NRL in its unattached or
immature state. Contact with the REF, whether by direct skin, aerosol protein
forming on powders used in manufacturing, the decomposition of latex or even
invasive surgery or inadvertent consumption causes the body to react, often
detrimentally, to the REF (an “allergic” reaction).
Many
physicians and researchers have become concerned that even minimal exposure
to
NRL may trigger reactions in certain patients who are particularly sensitive
to
the antigenic proteins. A variety of reactions may occur in persons allergic
to
NRL, ranging from dry, itchy, irritated skin and more severe skin reactions
similar to those associated with poison ivy, to severe asthma and other
respiratory problems and, more rarely, to anaphylactic shock, which may be
life-threatening. Reports as to the prevalence of NRL allergy vary greatly.
Published data indicate that 1% to 6% of the general population suffers from
NRL
sensitivity, yet approximately 8% to 18% of regularly exposed individuals have
some level of NRL allergy. Other studies have shown that 54% of sensitized
hospital workers had severe reactions to latex exposure.
Beginning
in 1997, a number of product liability lawsuits claimed that manufacturers
negligently made NRL products that contained allergy-triggering proteins. In
September 1997, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued
a
medical glove powder report, which outlined the hazards of NRL use, as well
as
many negative aspects of glove powder. The FDA issued recommendations to control
the use of glove powder and reduce the level of protein in gloves, based on
the
findings of their report. A significant regulatory development came from the
FDA, which issued a labeling rule, effective September 30, 1998, requiring
manufacturers of NRL medical products to label their goods with a warning that
NRL may cause an allergic reaction. In January 2008, the FDA issued an updated
Medical Glove Guidance which remained substantially the same as the 1998 report,
although the agency indicated that work was being done to investigate more
sensitive testing methodologies, potentially opening the door for different
label claims in the future.
Current
Production of NRL
In
2007,
over 9.7 million tonnes of NRL are produced globally, of which just over 1.0
million tonnes are liquid latex according to the International Rubber Study
Group, Singapore for (e.g., gloves, condoms, catheters and other products that
require multiple layers of the NRL) and other latex end products such as foams,
adhesives, etc. Since NRL is used in over 40,000 products worldwide, to include
textiles, footwear and clothing, toys, automotive parts, housing, furniture,
carpet, coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment and especially health
care products, there are few industries untouched by NRL and its allergy
concerns.
Substantially
all of the latex processors are located in South East Asia, India, Africa and
Central America and are owned by local groups or large multinational
corporations. Thailand leads the world in NRL production with over 620,000
tonnes produced in 2007, a third of all global production. Malaysia is second
with 170,000 tonnes and followed by India with 75,000 tonnes.
The
typical processor acquires raw NRL (or “field latex”) aggregated from latex
plantations. The processors in South East Asia have a worldwide advantage,
since
latex is predominately a product of that area and labor and water are abundant
and inexpensive. However, because of the intrinsic allergenic problems of NRL,
the processors’ market volume had been level, if not slightly decreasing, for
many years. Significant price and demand increases in NRL have turned the
industry into a “sunrise” industry. A sunrise industry indicates a replanting of
the natural rubber plantations to keep up with growing worldwide demand. Some
reports show a shortage of NRL in the coming decade as a demand in developing
countries such as China and India continues to grow. This future demand is
awakening interest in other areas of the world where the climate is suitable,
particularly in Guatemala, where it is expected the latex industry to grow
from
57,000 tonnes produced in 2006 to over 95,000 tonnes by 2016, a 40% increase.
This is particularly attractive to U.S. manufacturers of latex products who
could potentially see reduced transportation costs and lead times over the
usual
Asian sources.
Traditional
users of NRL as a product component have been seeking and developing alternative
synthetic raw materials. An example of the desire for NRL occurred during Vystar
focus groups when surgeons and nurses, asked to design the perfect glove,
invariably come up with a non-allergenic NRL glove.
Currently,
it is estimated that NRL processors have lost one-half the overall latex market
to synthetic latex, despite the higher costs and recent capacity issues of
these
synthetic materials. This fact, coupled with the easy transition to the process
to manufacture Vytex NRL, makes it very attractive for the processors to regain
lost business.
Products
and Services (Vytex NRL)
The
process to manufacture Vytex NRL has been developed to reduce the antigenic
properties of the REF protein in NRL, without causing noticeable changes in
the
highly desirable physical or chemical properties of the remaining molecules
and
without disrupting the traditional methods of production. In elementary terms,
NRL is farmed from rubber tree plantation groves located primarily in South
East
Asia. Processors collect the field latex, concentrate the latex, age the
product, and prepare the latex to specifications required by product
manufacturers. Vystar has proved that the best point to produce Vytex NRL is
while NRL is in its raw liquid stage, prior to dipping or manufacturing the
latex into other forms. The manufacturing process may occur entirely within
a
direct manufacturer that takes the NRL in its raw, harvested form all the way
through to the final product, such as a large glove manufacturer, but this
is
rare. Usually, there may be several sub-manufacturers fabricating components
to
be used in final products, such as elastic thread manufacturers selling product
to the bedding and clothing manufacturers. Although not part of the
manufacturing process, the links between the NRL processors and the first
manufacturer are distributors specializing in NRL, similar to those
participating in other agricultural commodity trading.
The
Vytex
NRL process removes
a
significant amount of
the antigenic protein from the natural rubber
latex. Economically, the process to manufacture Vytex NRL is relatively
inexpensive. The additional chemicals required by Vytex NRL represent a small
fraction of the total cost of processed NRL and can be easily incorporated
into
current manufacturing streams, with little or no additional cost. The process
to
manufacture Vytex NRL requires the addition of a proprietary blend of chemicals
to the raw liquid NRL. The chemical solution is mixed into the raw liquid NRL
and allowed to stir for a specific period of time in order for the reactions
to
occur at room temperature, then centrifuged. From this point, Vytex NRL is
aged,
tested, stored, and shipped in a manner similar to NRL. Repeated testing, over
500 tests, has demonstrated stability and parity essential with non- Vytex
NRL
in terms of function (chemical and physical properties) and quality of material.
Vystar has developed and has implemented a quality assurance (QA) binder to
ensure consistent, repeatable Vytex NRL production.
Vystar
has begun evaluation trials with manufacturers in the medical device, surgical
glove, condom, foam and other key product categories worldwide. Vystar expects
that Vytex NRL will demand a premium price due to its low antigenic protein
levels, ease of manufacturing integration, and its “green” environmental profile
while maintaining the desired or improved properties of NRL. A key US
manufacturer has initiated the 510(k) process required by the United States
Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) for using Vytex NRL in condoms.
Vystar
does not intend to process the NRL or manufacture any finished latex product.
Therefore, it must show the NRL producers and product manufacturers the economic
value proposition of including Vytex NRL in their product lines. The advantage
is that Vystar will not require the infrastructure and other investment costs
to
develop and operate a processing or manufacturing facility. Vystar has the
flexibility of offering and accepting two different models for revenue. First,
Vystar has contracted with a major processor as a “toll manufacturer” who
processes the concentrated Vytex NRL for a fee, while Vystar is responsible
for
marketing and selling. Alternatively, this processor can contract to market
and
sell the prevulcanized Vytex NRL (PV Vytex) using the Vytex NRL trademark,
and
pay Vystar a licensing fee for the Vytex NRL processed. Initial PV Vytex results
indicate that low protein, high performance products can be made from PV Vytex
NRL and commercial availability is expected in first quarter 2009.
Additionally,
the company has successfully produced laboratory samples of low ammonia Vytex
NRL (LA Vytex) and has shipped LA Vytex to manufacturers for trials and product
evaluation. Low ammonia is preferred by manufacturers in specific product
applications including catheters, breather bags, foam, etc. The company
is investigating the use of Vytex NRL in ammonia free applications. Ammonia
free NRL is currently being used in the U.S. for body painting as it eliminates
skin and respiratory irritation caused by ammonia. Additional processors can
be
added as geographic and volume conditions warrant under similar terms as stated
above, to follow the manufacturing trail to India, Turkey and other countries
where manufacturing costs are more competitive.
Each
strategy will provide Vystar attractive profit margins and net income, since
there will be no costs for direct manufacturing infrastructures. Vystar is
optimistic that this vendor relationship can be achieved, and is already being
proven with one of its current strategic alliances, Revertex Malaysia, discussed
below. Since the Vystar proprietary process is inexpensive and simple, using
the
same equipment and procedures now in place at the NRL processors, it is an
easy
implementation and offers a solution to the NRL processor’s shrinking market
share woes. In addition, negotiations are underway to create a distribution
network for North America and Europe that will further enhance Vystar’s ability
to cost effectively reach and service manufacturer customers
.
Revertex
(Malaysia), Sdn. Bhd., a division of Yule Catto Group Far East, is the world’s
largest producer of prevulcanized natural rubber lattices. A Toll Manufacturing
Agreement was signed on April 11, 2008, between Vystar and Revertex, covering
the areas of processing and technical support. Revertex will be a non-exclusive,
toll manufacturer for Vystar and has started full production mode to manufacture
Vytex NRL commercially. Revertex is producing Vytex NRL in accordance with
the
Company’s proprietary processes and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and is
shipping Vytex NRL to latex product manufacturers labeled as Vytex NRL.
Since
the
introduction of Vytex NRL at various latex and medical conferences,
manufacturers of mattresses, threads, surgical gloves, breather bags, probe
covers, condoms, balloons, adhesives, etc., have expressed an interest in
securing evaluation
samples
of Vytex NRL. This, in turn, expands the opportunity to market and sell Vytex
NRL across a wide range of industries globally. Vystar will strategically
respond to meet these new manufacturing demands. Similarly, recent press
releases have caused several potential customers in newer, non-medical markets
to initiate discussions with Vystar. Due to the relative ease with which these
other non-healthcare markets may be entered, compared to the United States
healthcare markets, management is entering these markets as a first step while
it prepares to enter the United States healthcare market.
Vytex
NRL Allergenicity Testing & Results
Vystar
has treated NRL using the patented Vytex manufacturing process, and then
analyzed the resulting material with both chemical and biological immunoassay
tests. Over 500 tests were performed by the LEAP Testing Service of the Guthrie
Foundation for Medical Research, an independent, highly respected analytical
laboratory specializing in immunoassays of NRL for antigenic proteins. Vytex
NRL
has produced results on finished products that are both “below detection” and
“not detectable”, and these results have been reproduced in subsequent
tests.
The
Modified Lowry test is a chemical analysis test that has become the more-often
referenced of the two recognized national standards for measuring proteins
in
NRL (ASTM D5712). This chemical analysis method is based on the binding of
chromogenic dye to protein residues as a point of measurement. One early sample
of NRL provided to the laboratory had a pre-Vytex NRL manufacturing process
measurement in the area of 750 micrograms of total protein per gram of NRL.
The
results of testing the Vytex NRL product produced readings that were “below
detection”. However, the minimum detection level for the Modified Lowry test is
28 micrograms per gram. To some degree, this result is not an exceptional
reading, since there are several existing post-manufacturing processes of latex
glove manufacturers that, in certain circumstances, also produce “below
detection” levels. The unanswered question therefore is “How much below
detection?”. The Modified Lowry method detects “total” protein and cannot
differentiate that small fraction of antigenic protein.
Subsequently,
Vystar NRL turned to a more specific assay to further define Vytex NRL. The
LEAP
test (ASTM D6499-07), the other of the two recognized national standards, is
an
immunochemical test applied to rabbit and human tissue and measures much needed
levels of the antigenic proteins. This test is approximately 150 times more
sensitive than the Modified Lowry test methods, and has a minimum level of
detection of 0.2 micrograms per gram. Repeated tests reported an antigenic
protein level less than 0.2 micrograms per gram for several products made with
Vytex NRL. Vystar is seeking FDA clearance to make claims to this standard
with
respect to the finished medical devices using Vytex NRL. In the FDA’s recently
published Medical Glove Guidance in January 2008, the agency stated that work
was currently underway to determine the sensitivity and detection limits of
the
ELISA test method, a positive step towards more specific labeling allowances.
To
fully
validate the Vytex process, The Company is investigating the use of a
spectrophotometric method (280nm-protein absorbance) to further quantify morphed
proteins no longer immuno-reactive (recognized by the ELISA antibodies used
in
the LEAP testing method). The MOLAR
Ò
-Micro
Optic Latex Analyte Registry-assessment of protein is observed directly and
immediately and can be used quantitatively for Vytex NRL preparations as well
as
native NRL sources. Management believes that with additional laboratory
experimentation, further reduction of the antigenic protein is possible with
adjustments to the timing and duration of the Vytex NRL manufacturing process
steps. However, there can be no assurances that either further reduction can
be
attained or complete elimination is effective below the minimum detection
levels.
Additionally,
there are other specifications that must be met in order to have a Vytex NRL
product that is suitable for the process required to manufacture many end
products, and which are needed to entice manufacturers to use it. These
necessary physical, chemical and mechanical property tests are continually
being
performed by independent laboratories on each scale up run of Vytex NRL, and
currently show parity with the non-Vytex NRL. By showing this parity, Vystar
believes that the Vytex
NRL
process has produced NRL that has “below detection” antigenic protein, yet will
be able to fit within the current manufacturing processes by
industry.
The
Market
As
reflected in the illustration above, NRL is harvested and processed from its
raw
liquid stage into a more usable form for manufacturers primarily in the South
East Asia region. However, the majority of the NRL product consumption is in
the
North American region, followed closely by the EU. Therefore, with Vystar’s key
strategic relationship with Revertex Malaysia and Vystar’s management expertise
and contacts in the North American and EU markets, Vystar is well-positioned
to
take advantage of its new technology for a low protein NRL.
As
shown
in the pie chart below, the marketplace for non-tire rubber is very diverse
and
sizeable. According to the International Rubber Study Group world-wide
consumption of liquid latex reached just over one million tonnes. The
Group predicts future demand to reach just over 1.32 million tonnes in 2010
and to 2.01 million tonnes in 2020. Based on the current pricing of NRL, the
overall market is valued at just above $2 billion. The price of NRL fluctuates
regularly and is updated daily on the web site of the Malaysia Rubber Board
(
www.lgm.gov.my
).
The
key
market segments that Vystar will focus on to launch Vytex NRL are: surgical
gloves, exam gloves, threads, foams, adhesives, balloons, condoms and catheters.
Also, Vystar has keen interest from companies in the “other” category that
offers a quick entry to the marketplace, and will only add to the vast
opportunities represented by the target markets referenced above and reflected
in the chart below.
Worldwide
Use of Natural Rubber Latex
Source:
International Rubber Study Group 2006 Report, Singapore
Vystar
intends to develop and implement a robust marketing strategy aimed at consumers
to drive demand to manufacturers adopting Vytex NRL into their product
portfolio. An important aspect to the Company’s strategy will be ingredient
branding, creating demand for a brand within a product, and thus differentiating
the manufacturer and product leading to consumer brand loyalty. Ingredient
branding has been a highly successful strategy within the computer and chip
industries for over twenty years.
With
the
global emphasis on the environment, Vystar is well positioned to take advantage
of the trends towards the consumer’s desire for more natural, healthier green
products and the world’s need to adopt more eco-friendly policies. Vytex NRL is
an all natural composition, free of known or expected human carcinogens commonly
found in synthetics, naturally bactericidal and resistant to dust mites, a
common allergy inducer in pillows and bedding products. In addition, natural
rubber latex is biodegradable. In a study conducted by a large balloon trade
association, latex balloons degrade in the same amount of time as an oak leaf.
The “green” benefits of natural rubber latex and Vytex NRL will be the
cornerstone of our marketing efforts to capitalize on and offer solutions for
this economic, political and cultural world-wide trend.
To
accelerate the awareness of Vytex NRL and, in turn, induce the manufacturer
to
adopt Vytex into their product portfolio, Vystar will engage in a comprehensive
consumer branding campaign during the fourth quarter 2008 and throughout 2009.
The campaign will be aimed at all consumers in all markets, such as condoms,
foam bedding, gloves, adhesives, and balloons, using trade PR, established
media
vehicles, the internet and public service announcements.
With
over
40,000 products produced with NRL covering 20 plus industries, Vystar intends
to
focus its sales and marketing efforts in those product areas where there exists
strong demand for NRL and where synthetics have flourished due to the latex
allergy issue. Diversification is the cornerstone of our sales strategy,
focusing on manufacturers large and small, global and regional, in regulated
and
non-regulated markets and with the market leaders and those who strive to be.
Of
particular interest to Vystar are those unique manufacturers who operate within
the featured category with a niche product, who have the ability to
differentiate their product and/or service and successfully create greater
profitability on smaller volumes.
Surgical
and Exam Gloves
According
to the most recent Frost and Sullivan Report (2002), the United States medical
examination glove market is approximately $1.0 billion for end product sales,
with over 24 billion medical examination gloves sold each year. The United
States surgical glove market, which requires a higher grade of glove, is
approximately $280 million with 380 million pairs of surgical gloves sold
annually. The United States healthcare market accounts for approximately 60%
of
the worldwide consumption of examination and surgical gloves with the European
countries accounting for most of the remaining 40%. Since the need for the
low
protein Vytex NRL is so significant in the healthcare segment, and since health
care providers are influential and progressive, successful product introduction
into this market will enhance its acceptance by other market segments.
Approximately 17% of all health care workers have allergenic sensitivity to
NRL.
Exam
gloves
are integral to the practice of medicine, and are the most preferred NRL
products in the healthcare workplace. The reason gloves are so critical to
the
healthcare industry is that they are the first line of defense against
infection. Natural rubber latex (vs. synthetic) gloves are perceived to be
the
best barrier available.
Consequently,
because of the allergenic problems associated with natural rubber latex gloves
and the myriad of substandard synthetic alternatives to natural rubber latex,
the manufacturer may have a dozen or more different types of gloves to provide
a
hospital client. In fact, the manufacturing trend has been to increase the
number of stock keeping units (SKUs) with items ranging from natural rubber
latex gloves to synthetic alternatives (vinyl, neoprene, nitrile
,
polyisoprene,
etc.). All of these alternatives cost more than the NRL gloves, with some
costing up to 4 or 5 times that of NRL. These costly alternatives, with higher
production and development costs, may or may not be producing commensurate
increases in profitability for the manufacturers due to the pricing pressures
and long term contracts with group purchasing organizations (GPOs) and
integrated hospital networks (IHNs). Vystar expects
to
demonstrate that Vytex NRL is
an
across-the-board alternative, holding the highest standards of elasticity,
tactile sensation and liquid barriers, yet having ultra-low levels of antigenic
protein, allowing the purchasing institutions to reduce their SKUs.
The
chart
below highlights the distinct advantages of Vytex NRL over alternative
materials:
Medical
Gloves Raw Material Characteristic Comparison
Currently,
the exam glove marketplace is fragmented with over 40 different glove
manufacturers, all with at least some foothold in the United States market.
However, there are only four glove manufacturers with significant market shares.
Although these four companies provide a majority of the medical gloves sold
in
the United States, no individual company has a majority of the market share.
Recently, the “all other” category of manufacturing companies has emerged as the
largest segment in the exam glove arena, comprised mainly of Asian manufacturers
who distribute under their own brands and also provide OEM manufacturing for
the
distributor seeking greater profitability and brand equity, benefits not
received from the dominant brand manufacturers.
The
largest market segment for both surgical and exam gloves is acute care
hospitals, where manufacturers sell by negotiated contract, either directly
to
the hospital or through a buying group representing several hospitals.
Conversely, the alternate site healthcare markets (physicians, dentists, nursing
homes, etc) are strongly influenced by the distributor servicing their entire
medical supply needs and have been slower to align with a purchasing group.
Another market segment that Vystar intends to tap into is government and
institutional sales, where exam glove usage has exploded in recent years as
barrier protection for workers is of concern in agencies such as Homeland
Security, TSA, Public Health Service, Department of Defense and others,
utilizing a network of minority, disabled and veteran-owned businesses.
The
U.S.
surgical glove market, like exam gloves, is dominated by four major companies;
Molnlycke Healthcare (Sweden), Cardinal Health Care (Dublin, OH), Ansell Ltd.
(Australia) and Medline (Mundelein, IL). Vystar has introduced Vytex NRL to
the
surgical glove manufacturers and has contracted with several and started
evaluation trials globally. Market share is influenced two ways; surgeon
preference and GPO/IHN contracting. Vystar intends to increase healthcare
workers’ awareness of, and therefore demand for, products manufactured with
Vytex NRL through an extensive public relations and marketing campaign aimed
at
the clinician directly and the clinical advisors of the major purchasing groups
and hospital networks. A similar brand marketing campaign to other latex market
segments heavily influenced by the choosers and users, such as condoms, is
expected to run concurrently with the glove campaign.
The
allergic reaction of healthcare workers to non-Vytex NRL has a significant
effect on the choice of NRL used in the medical industry. With synthetic latex
products growing at a rapid rate, the processors of NRL are losing potential
revenue while the healthcare industry itself faces higher costs of procurement
for these non-latex products. Vystar is introducing Vytex NRL, its new “low
protein” NRL, throughout the global marketplace now using NRL or synthetic latex
substitutes as a component of manufactured products. Vystar’s goal is for Vytex
NRL to become the industry standard for latex. Because the synthetics have
a
potential negative health and environmental impact due to the chemicals used
in
their manufacturing proccesses, it is very reasonable and likely that Vystar
will achieve this goal.
Vystar
management knows of no other commercially available chemical method of removing
antigenic proteins that is applied to raw liquid NRL prior to manufacturing
of
finished latex products. There are certain procedures, such as chlorination,
in
the glove manufacturing process that attempt to wash the proteins from the
finished glove product. This chlorination process, which is mostly a surface
treatment, is ineffective in removing all of the protein. Furthermore, it
degrades the elasticity and liquid barrier properties of latex. Almost every
application of latex or rubber products has synthetic substitutes. Some of
these
substitutes compromise the intended purpose of the final product. Also, a large
number of synthetics are substituted for reasons unrelated to latex allergies.
However, some very large markets have adopted synthetics solely to address
the
allergy issue.
As
the
largest potential customer for Vytex NRL, the Vystar sales strategy is to entice
the glove manufacturer and distributor to add a Vytex NRL glove product among
its current SKUs offered to the healthcare buyer and enhance their product
portfolio. Vystar is confident the manufacturers will see that using the liquid
Vytex NRL in the manufacture of its gloves will add only a small percentage
to
the overall production costs of NRL gloves. The raw NRL material costs are
a
fraction of the total cost of the gloves, which includes labor, packaging,
shipping, etc.
Similarly,
Vystar is confident that the manufacturer can be shown that the resulting Vytex
NRL glove can be priced competitively, especially against other costly synthetic
gloves. In fact, the healthcare workers and facilities would likely pay a higher
price for better quality, lower protein NRL gloves, thereby avoiding the higher
priced synthetic alternatives as well as the workers’ compensation claims
associated with latex allergies. In any event, however, the manufacturers’ end
product pricing is solely their decision. Pricing either may be held constant
or
given small increases to increase market share, or it could be raised
substantially to compete with synthetic glove prices and thus increase unit
margins. Vystar is confident that the result will be that Vytex NRL can capture
a significant portion of a manufacturer’s NRL source. If two of these four major
manufacturers (or several of the second tier manufacturers) adopt a glove
manufactured with Vytex NRL, Vystar expects these gloves will be the accepted
alternative and become the standard in the marketplace.
Condoms
The
worldwide condom market has slowed in year to year growth since the frantic
growth of the early AIDS epidemic. Currently, the market grows 3.5 to 4.5 %
annually which uses a much larger base than the pre-AIDS years. Strong growth
can be attributed to the developing nations such as China, India and South
East
Asia. Established markets, such as the United States, Great Britain and Europe,
are still projected to show moderate volume gains.
A
breakdown of condom consumption globally is as follows:
Country
|
|
%
of Usage
|
|
Volume
(000s)
|
|
Asia
Pacific (India, China, SE Asia)
|
|
|
51.0
|
%
|
|
7,420
|
|
Latin
America
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
2,074
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
11.4
|
%
|
|
1,654
|
|
United
States
|
|
|
8.9
|
%
|
|
1,299
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
5.6
|
%
|
|
813
|
|
Rest
of World
|
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
742
|
|
Canada
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
536
|
|
This
is
expected to change as the number of new HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
infections is on the rise throughout East and Central Asia, Eastern and Western
Europe, the UK and the United States. HIV is the precursor to AIDS (Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and can take years for a person infected with HIV
to
reach the AIDS stage. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 33.2 million
people world-wide were living with HIV in 2007. Some 2.5 million people became
newly infected, and 2.1 million died of AIDS, including 330,000 children. Two
thirds of all HIV infections are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Alarming
HIV infection rates are occurring in countries previously believed to be immune
due to religious, socio-economic and political factors (China, Vietnam and
Russia). New cases in eastern Europe and central Asia have doubled in the period
2001-2007, from 630,000 cases to over 1.6 million. Today, Russia and the Ukraine
alone represent 90% of these new cases
.
Harsh
economic conditions in the Caribbean have fueled active cases to 230,000,
three-quarters of those located in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Globally,
more than half of all new HIV infections occur in those
under
the
age of 25, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC).
Source:
UNAIDS 2008 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic
The
CDC
recently revised earlier estimates of 40,000 new HIV infections in 2006 to
56,300 in the U.S. alone. An area of concern for public health officials is
the
rise in HIV infections among African Americans, now accounting for two-thirds
of
the reported new cases. Most affected are young black MSM (men having sex with
men) and black women, with infection rates nearly 15 times higher than white
women and estimated to be 4 times higher than Hispanic women.
The
chart
below details AIDS cases (2006) by race/ethnicity in the United
States:
|
|
Living
with
AIDS
|
|
%
of AIDS
Diagnoses
|
|
%
of
Population
|
|
White,
Non Hispanic
|
|
|
394,024
|
|
|
30
|
%
|
|
66
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
African
American
|
|
|
409,982
|
|
|
49
|
%
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hispanic
|
|
|
161,505
|
|
|
19
|
%
|
|
15
|
%
|
Through
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HIV
prevention and education are the cornerstones of the global efforts to contain
these spiraling rates. The hallmark of prevention is the male latex condom,
the
most efficient and available technology to reduce the sexual transmission of
HIV
1
,
according to the UNAIDS, the
Joint
United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The organization goes on to say “Condom
promotion must be incorporated into a comprehensive prevention strategy that
involves leadership from all sections of society, addresses cultural norms
and
beliefs, promotes gender equality, and promotes widespread knowledge and
awareness of how HIV is transmitted and how condoms can avert
infection.
1
”
World-wide
prevention programs and the education of at-risk population groups will continue
to encourage condom usage. UNAIDS 2008 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic report
condom usage among young people (ages 15-24) has increased in recent years.
Today, just over 14 billon condoms are sold world-wide with approximately 1.3
billion sold in the United States. The average selling price is $0.19 per unit
for a total product market of $238.9 million.
Eighty-one
percent of the condoms sold world
-
wide
are
made from NRL. The cost to produce a condom (1.5 g NRL) is $0.05 to $0.07 prior
to adding advertising costs. World-wide condom usage of over 14 billion units
translates to 17,013 tonnes of NRL used in the manufacturing process for a
potential Vystar gross sale of $9.4 million. While the condom market is
considerably smaller than the glove market, the consumer branding potential
that
exists here is attractive as U.S. consumers generally purchase based on brand
over price. On an individual basis, the average Indian uses 4 condoms per year,
while the world wide average is 15 per year. On the other side of the spectrum,
the average for the Japanese is 100 per year.
The
dominant global manufacturers include SSL International, plc, a British firm,
the leading manufacturer at 21% of the market, Ansell Limited (Australia) at
12%, Church and Dwight (United States) having 7% and Okamoto (Japan) at 7%.
Okamoto has the #1 brand in Japan, France, Germany and the Nordic
countries
and
Church and Dwight with the leading brand, Trojan, in the United States. Vystar
has sample agreements in place with several condom manufacturers
worldwide.
Vystar
is
currently engaged with a U.S. condom manufacturer and a 510(k) required by
the
United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for using Vytex NRL in condoms
has been filed. Vystar intends to develop and implement a multi-faceted
marketing plan to increase condom consumption overall and build brand equity
and
visibility for Vytex NRL. Vystar strategies include aligning with federal,
state
and local HIV/AIDS planning councils and AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs)
to
assist in the education and promotion of condom usage to reduce the risks of
transmission. Vehicles will include public service announcements, focus groups,
educational programming, and sampling programs.
Another
venue for Vytex NRL condom sales is the government and institutional markets
where large amounts of condoms are purchased by agencies providing public health
and family planning, the Department of Defense and Veteran’s Administration.
Vystar expects to utilize a network of minority, disabled and veteran-owned
businesses to reach these government markets.
Latex
Bedding and Foams
Natural
rubber latex is widely used to manufacture mattresses, padding, toppers and
pillows for the bedding industry. Natural rubber latex foam is gaining
popularity in the United States bedding industry because it is firm, yet
conforming to the body, so it provides a very high level of rest and comfort
during sleep. Plus, it is a naturally derived, renewable material with superior
resiliency properties when compared to SBR (synthetic) foams. NRL foam is three
times more resistant to dust mites than ordinary mattresses, estimated to be
a
factor in 50 to 80 percent of asthmatics.
1
http://www.unaids.org/en/PolicyAndPractice/Prevention/Condoms/
Opening
Price Points
|
|
Furniture Stores
|
|
Bedding Specialists
|
|
|
|
Lowest
Reported
|
|
Median
|
|
Highest
Reported
|
|
Lowest
Reported
|
|
Median
|
|
Highest
Reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Innerspring
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
$
|
399
|
|
$
|
799
|
|
$
|
159
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
$
|
399
|
|
Memory
Foam (SBR)
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
$
|
999
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
Latex
Foam
|
|
$
|
699
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
$
|
1,999
|
|
$
|
799
|
|
$
|
1,199
|
|
$
|
1,949
|
|
Air
|
|
$
|
1,199
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
$
|
2,899
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
$
|
1,499
|
|
$
|
2,199
|
|
Source:
Retail Bedding Spotlight, Furniture Today, June 2, 2008
In
2005,
approximately 75,000 tonnes of NRL were used in the foam industry. NRL foam
consumption has grown slightly less than 10,000 tonnes over a 15-year period
from 1989. Asia consumes 47,000 tonnes of NRL foam and Europe consumes 28,500
tonnes.
According
to United States bedding manufacturers, NRL sales in the bedding market have
increased more than 70% over the past two years alone. Natural rubber latex
has
captured over 18% of the specialty sleep market and is projected to grow by
75%
over the next two years
,
at
a
price point significantly higher than the traditional innerspring market. Latex
foam is now accepted by consumers and retailers as a premium bedding component.
More and more manufacturers are jumping on the green bandwagon by adding natural
rubber latex to their product portfolios, Englander Sleep Products (Billerica,
MA), Simmons (Atlanta, GA), Sealy (Trinity, NC) and Spring Air (Tampa, FL)
are
just a few featured at the Las Vegas Market in the summer of 2008. The
percentage of U.S. households spending $1,000 or more for bedding doubled
between 2000 and 2006, accounting for more than 27% of the total purchases.
As
consumers increase their spending on bedding they are also spending more on
the
accessories to protect their bedding investment including pillows and mattress
toppers. According to Furniture Today in their 2006 Bedding Retail Survey
reported the price points on sleep pillows ranged from $6 to $200, with latex
and down at the higher ends of the pricing scale.
In
the
European market, NRL foam is the dominant material used in comfort applications.
However, before latex formulations were improved, latex foam was prone to
degradation over the long term, developing a disagreeable odor in the process.
Polyurethane (PUR) foams offered less performance to NRL foam at a lower price.
Today, PUR foam controls a major part of foam bedding in the comfort market.
The
companies that hold a 75% market share (polymer) in this market are BASF Group
(Germany), Dow Chemical (US) and Bayer Material Science (Germany).
The
European market predominantly uses mechanical spring mattresses when taken
as a
whole and beyond just the comfort or luxury applications, which accounts for
60%
of the total mattress consumption. PUR foam mattress accounts for about 25%
of
the mattresses consumed. Natural latex foams possess 15% of the market share
in
the mattress segment and is largely restrained by its higher cost.
The
consumer demand for high-end bedding is being driven by a new awareness of
the
physical and mental benefits of sleep world-wide. Sleep has fueled a new area
of
medical research with most major universities and medical institutions engaged
in some form of sleep research or programming.
The
Better Sleep Council (BSC) reports in the 2007 Better Sleep Month survey that
only 27% of Americans get the proper amount of sleep each night (7.5 – 8.5
hours) and 8 out of 10 report at least one negative work side-effect of not
having a good night’s sleep. The top three areas impacted; lack of quality and
accuracy of work (31%), clear thinking or judgment (31%) and remembering
important details (30%). The Better Sleep Council Canada reports that one in
four Canadians are clinically sleep deprived.
The
BSC
estimates sleep deprivation and sleep disorders cost the U.S. over $100 million
annually in medical expenses, absenteeism, productivity losses, property and
environmental damage. In a consumer survey, this same group reported that 97%
of
respondents agreed that a good night’s sleep is essential to quality of life and
91% agreed that a good mattress is essential to health and wellbeing. The survey
respondents also perceived the cost of a mattress has increased and the majority
agreed that price is directly proportional to quality, higher cost equals higher
quality.
Another
area important in the increase of NRL demand in the bedding industry is the
rise
of allergies and asthma, triggered by allergens. While many allergy symptoms
are
seasonal, many individuals suffer from perennial allergies and asthma caused
by
indoor allergens, such as dust mite droppings, indoor molds and pet dander.
The
Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAI) reports
approximately
20
million Americans have asthma in the U.S., of which 9 million are children
under
the age of 18, contributing to more than $11.5 billion in
direct
health care costs annually.
Vytex
NRL
offers a solution to both of these important health issues facing this industry.
Natural rubber latex is
naturally
hypoallergenic, dust mite resistant, and bactericidal, inhibiting the growth
of
bacteria, mold and mildew, all known to cause allergies and asthma. In addition,
Vytex NRL in its natural state is free of the chemicals typically found in
synthetic foams known to cause odor and allergy symptoms.
There
are
several manufacturers of NRL foam serving the European market, including four
market leaders: Latexco (Belgium & US), Dunlopillo (UK), Sapsa (Italy) and
Dunlop Tech GmbH (Germany). With the increase in domestic demand, several US
manufacturers, including Latex Foam International (Shelton, CT) and Sealy
Corporation (Trinity, NC) are expanding their manufacturing operations to
accommodate future growth.
Vytex
NRL
foam is well-suited for the foam industry because of its low antigenic protein
levels. Although skin contact is rare with foam, direct skin contact with
bedding materials can serve as a carrier of latex proteins that reside on the
outer surface of the NRL foam products. Since Vytex NRL is made with a process
that removes antigenic proteins and other non-rubber solids, the resultant
Vytex
NRL product foam sample products are far less odorous compared to non-Vytex
NRL
foam that contains high levels of biodegradable proteins.
Vytex
NRL
is very stable latex due to the reduced protein content and added surfactant.
During the manufacturing of foam products from latex, higher shear stress may
be
exerted on the latex. High shear stress begins with the mixing process and
is
continued during the storage and dipping process. In the process used to produce
foam, high shear stress occurs at the foam head of the machine. The latex must
be able to withstand such shear stresses without flocculating. Vytex NRL has
a
decided advantage for a foam producer, due to its inherent stability under
shear
stress.
A
comparison of NRL foam and other competing foams as extrapolated from a chart
by
Latex Foam International follows in the chart below:
|
|
Natural
Latex Foam
|
|
SBR
Latex Foam
|
|
PUR
Foam
|
History
|
|
First
produced in 1929
|
|
Used
to produce foam in the early 60s.
|
|
Also
produced in the early 60s.
|
Description
|
|
Extremely
durable highly resilient, non-toxic and environmentally
safe.
|
|
Produced
from petrochemicals. Does not have the inherent physical and biological
properties of NRL.
|
|
Produced
from a polyol & TDI (isocyanate and cause toxic
fumes).
|
Recovery
|
|
Very
Resilient
|
|
Not
as Resilient
|
|
Slow
Recovery
|
Support
|
|
Support
without pressure to the body and is self-ventilating
|
|
Does
not give support and ventilation efficiently
|
|
Poor
porosity and does not dissipate body heat and perspiration
efficiently
|
Bacterial
Properties
|
|
Natural
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
Durability
|
|
Durable
and resilient
|
|
None
|
|
Poor
resilience
|
Patterns
|
|
Unique
pattern of small pin-hole cavitations on both sides making the
hardness
characteristics isotropic. This ensures that the surface is uniform
and
provides maximum comfort.
|
|
Also
has a unique pattern of small pinhole cavitations on both sides
and the
hardness characteristics are isotropic.
|
|
Generally,
does not have the unique pattern and cavitations of Latex Foam
and does
not give maximum comfort.
|
Dust/Asthma
Issues
|
|
Does
not get lumpy, create dust or fluff and is excellent for asthma
sufferers.
|
|
Does
not get lumpy or create dust and fluff.
|
|
Can
get lumpy, create dust and fluff and is not satisfactory for asthma
suffers.
|
Temperature
& Humidity
|
|
No
dampness, remains ventable
|
|
Does
not dissipate heat, moisture and perspiration well.
|
|
Mattresses
become damp and will not ventilate when not used. Perspiration
is not
dissipated.
|
Toxicity
|
|
On
ignition, produces black smoke mostly containing unburnt
carbon
|
|
On
ignition, produces black smoke containing phenolic substances,
which are
toxic.
|
|
On
ignition, produces toxic fumes, which can suffocate and cause physical
injury.
|
Two
of
the leading global bedding manufacturers have expressed a significant interest
in Vytex NRL and evaluation trials began in 3Q2008. Successful trials could
get
Vytex NRL into this market in 2009 for sponges and mattresses. Additionally,
Vystar has successfully completed a manufacturing trial run with a global
manufacturer of consumer sponges with a full production run
expected.
To
drive
consumer demand for Vytex NRL bedding products, Vystar must look to the
internet, where over 60% of consumers turn to conduct research prior to
shopping, particularly consumers with incomes over $50K. However, when they
are
ready to purchase, more turn to specialty bedding stores (44%) or furniture
stores (35%) than to the internet (1%). Incorporation of the internet and
alliances with key specialty bedding distributors will be a key component of
the
Vytex branding campaign for bedding.
Adhesives
Adhesives
are broadly composed of caulks, sealants, fillers, construction materials and
variously defined adhesives. Adhesives can be divided into different types
based
on their chemistry. “Super glues,” or cyanoacrylates, are the “polymerize in
place” type with or without a catalyst. Acrylates and methacrylates can also
polymerize in place with the aid of a catalyst (an example is bone “cement” used
in surgery). Hot melts are another type of adhesive and are generally
polyolefins (or other polymers) with low melting points. The hot melt adhesives,
once melted in a pot or a hand device, are applied to a surface(s) and allowed
to cool (freeze) and thus stick together the two surfaces. Two-part adhesives
represent another type of adhesive and are usually epoxies. The two parts are
dysfunctional and form a very strong cross-linked condensation polymer. Epoxies
are used extensively in the industrial and construction sectors due to their
very high strength. Mucilages are another type of adhesives often characterized
by “Elmer’s Glue,” which was originally marketed heavily by Borden. Elmer’s Glue
is basically a polyvinyl acetate water emulsion. The adhesive is applied to
porous surfaces and allowed to dry. This type of adhesive is simple, functional
and inexpensive and works well in very light industrial applications as well
as
in domestic and educational venues. A more durable “marine use” product is also
available. It is a more sophisticated polymer ester and resists marine moisture.
Again, these materials are available as emulsions, water solutions and organic
solvent solutions and become effective as the solution (or emulsion) evaporates
and dries.
Pressure
Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs), are typically used in the label market, dominated
by
large players such as Avery Dennison (Pasadena, CA), 3M (St. Paul, MN), and
Raflatac (Sweden). PSA technologies include hot melt whereby the adhesive is
melted, coated onto face stock, cooled and laminated; emulsions and solvents
undergo less processing with an adhesive solution coated, dried and laminated.
Much of the PSA market has transitioned from NRL to other synthetic materials,
including acrylics, and conversions back to NRL would require an extensive
raw
material qualification process that is unlikely to receive interest among the
primary manufacturers. For these reasons, Vystar intends to focus on the Cold
Seal or Cohesive market, where NRL has desirable features and
benefits.
Cold
seal
adhesives or “cohesives” are primarily found in the flexible food packaging,
medical and paper markets. Natural rubber latex is used extensively in the
flexible packaging market in packaging for chips, snacks, candy bars, etc.
The
sealants have to be water and oxygen barriers because they are overcoated onto
one side of the package film and have to be approved for food contact. Some
films are now pattern-coated so there is no food contact. These sealants are
generally two parts: one part is a hydrocarbon such as NRL and the other part
is
an acrylic acid ester polymer as a tacky substance. The acrylic acid ester
provides quick grab, and the adhesive such as NRL, provides pressure-sensitive
holding and barrier properties. NRL excels at flexibility at low temperatures
and thus is the performance leader. The raw material market is small and
consolidated with the key players being Bostik/TOTAL (France), Henkel
International (Germany), Akzo Nobel N.V. (Netherlands) and DOW Chemical
(Midland, MI). Multiple companies participate in the chain from raw material
through finished product, including compounders, printers and packagers.
While
this market is fragmented, Vystar believes cold seal adhesives are a target
for
Vytex NRL due to the market’s perceived advantages NRL has over synthetics in
the areas of cold flow and outstanding “stick”; very important qualities to
ensure even coating and a good seal. Vytex NRL provides a solution to NRL’s
disadvantages as well since poor mechanical stability inherent in NRL is
improved by the Vytex process which removes the substances in NRL subject to
free radical breakdown resulting in a more stable and a less odorous product.
There
have been some reports of allergic reaction to these NRL adhesives found in
or
around food packaging. Also, since there is no treatment of the finished product
as in the glove industry, Vytex NRL with its low-levels of antigenic protein
at
the outset is an excellent match. The Company believes that the Vytex NRL would
be well-received in this market. The volume of NRL used for cold-seal adhesives
is believed to be close to 7,500 tonnes in just the British and German markets
and is based on population size since so much of the cold adhesives are used
in
the food industry.
Vystar
is
engaged with a regional distributor in the United States specializing in the
adhesives industry which has led to a large number of Vytex NRL evaluations.
In
addition, several manufacturer evaluations are underway in the graphics and
coatings markets and adhesives for these and the flexible food packaging markets
could account for Vystar’s early sales of Vytex NRL.
While
the
U.S. adhesives market for medical tapes is approximately 15,000 tonnes per
year,
Vystar expects this market to be more challenging to enter since it operates
within the medical device area regulated by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and subject to the same labeling requirements as other regulated products
(gloves, catheters, etc) as discussed earlier. Outside the U.S. Vystar has
received interest in the Asia markets for bandages, dressings and other medical
adhesives and has begun evaluations with a large Asian manufacturer.
Balloons
Vytex
NRL
has several aspects that make it well-suited in the balloon industry. The low
initial modulus of Vytex NRL suggests that less force is required for a user
to
mouth inflate a Vytex NRL balloon. Additionally, because Vytex NRL has greater
ultimate elongation, the balloon can accommodate more air or helium thus staying
inflated for a longer period of time compared to ordinary NRL. The low antigenic
protein value of Vytex NRL could be attractive since the balloon is typically
inflated by the mouth and also handled by small children.
The
world-wide latex balloon industry is estimated at over $235 million USD and
growing at 7-15% annually. The worldwide consumption of NRL for the balloon
industry is estimated at 27,000 tonnes annually The two major consuming
countries of NRL balloons are the U.S. with 9,500 tonnes annually and Europe
at
2,200 tonnes annually in 2004. Each balloon on average costs $0.04 to produce
and uses approximately 1.5 g of NRL. The industry is split between Mylar and
NRL.
The
Growth of Balloon Consumption Globally:
Country
|
|
USD
(000s)
|
|
Share
|
|
Growth
|
|
Germany
|
|
|
29,124
$
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
24
|
%
|
Singapore
|
|
|
20,986
$
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
103
|
%
|
U.S.
|
|
|
15,652
$
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
|
7
|
%
|
China
|
|
|
13,308
$
|
|
|
6
|
%
|
|
29
|
%
|
U.K.
|
|
|
12,545
$
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
3
|
%
|
France
|
|
|
9,867
$
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
9
|
%
|
Italy
|
|
|
9,156
$
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
23
|
%
|
Belgium
|
|
|
8,719
$
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
35
|
%
|
Spain
|
|
|
7,912
$
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
11
|
%
|
Netherlands
|
|
|
7,908
$
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
14
|
%
|
Denmark
|
|
|
6,796
$
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
-1
|
%
|
Canada
|
|
|
6,406
$
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
4
|
%
|
Sweden
|
|
|
6,112
$
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
5
|
%
|
Mexico
|
|
|
5,865
$
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
29
|
%
|
The
leading global balloon manufacturers are:
Company
|
|
NRL
|
|
Mylar
|
Anagram
International, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN)
|
|
|
|
Ö
|
Pioneer
Balloon (Qualatex) (Wichita, KS)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
Betallic
LLC (St. Louis, MO)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
Everts
International (Germany)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
CTI
Industries (Lake Barrington, IL)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
Mylar
balloons are very seasonal with the majority of sales occurring between December
and March. NRL balloon sales are more consistent for a 12 month period, as
the
majority of NRL balloons are purchased and distributed through “big box”
retailers as toys, gifts and party supplies. Mylar is the only substitute for
NRL balloons because of the required barrier properties of latex. Although
both
NRL and Mylar balloons can be filled with helium, Mylar balloons are pre-formed
and they can only be filled with helium. Mylar balloons are significantly more
expensive compared to NRL balloons. Over 90% of Mylar sales occur in the U.S.
because helium is priced reasonably in the United States and supply has been
adequate to meet demand.
Balloons
are synonymous with children, they come into contact with balloons on a regular
basis at home, schools, stores and restaurants. This level of exposure concerns
many who are latex allergic or linked to latex allergy through a
cross-reactivity with certain foods. There is a reported correlation between
food allergies and latex allergy, a shared antigenic component found in certain
fruits and vegetables including banana, avocado and to a lesser extent, peanuts
and other tree nuts. The American Academy of Asthma and Immunology reports
up to
8% of children have food allergies. Children with spina bifida or subjected
to
multiple medical interventions throughout their lives have a higher exposure
to
latex and, therefore, a significant greater risk of latex allergy over the
general population (up to 73% vs. 1-6%). These issues have given rise to a
cluster of U.S. and international support groups dedicated to raising the
consumer awareness of latex allergy. Two key domestic groups are the American
Latex Allergy Association and ELASTIC (National Latex Allergy Network), both
very active in the consumer and legislative arenas, including efforts to ban
latex balloons from hospitals and schools.
The
Latex
Allergy Support Group (LASG), located in the United Kingdom, surveyed 374
members regarding their reactions to natural rubber latex balloons. Over 30%
responded (109) of which 89% have been diagnosed as Type I latex allergic (97).
The majority of the respondents have symptoms present when touching, blowing
up
the balloon or being in a closed area containing balloons. Twenty percent of
the
survey respondents required a medical intervention (use of adrenaline) after
exposure.
Vystar
expects these support groups to continue to grow in both political and consumer
strength in the U.S. and abroad, providing good opportunities for Vytex NRL
and
the message of low protein latex as an alternative. We are engaged in
discussions with one of the largest global manufacturers and intend to actively
pursue this market utilizing alliances with the latex allergy support groups,
balloon artists and the balloon manufacturers.
Fibers,
Yarns, Threads, Cords, Fabrics
The
global textile industry manufactures fabrics and garments for uses as varied
as
clothing, shelter, and fire and ballistic protections. The textile industry
produces fibers (both staple and continuous filament), yarns, threads and
fabrics. The fibers, yarns and threads are manufactured into woven, non-woven,
and knit fabrics. Woven fabrics are produced from yarns inter-tangled at
perpendicular angles, whereas non-wovens are produced directly from entangled
fibers. Knits are formed by the tangential intersection of loops to form a
variety of patterns. The basic chemistry of fibers has not changed for decades,
while production has shifted from the industrialized world to less
industrialized countries. Basic fiber ingredients are cellulosic (cotton, flax,
linen, rayon), polyester, nylon, acrylic, protein (wool, camel hair, etc) and
modacrylic, olefin and spandex (also known as elastane). This business plan
is
focused on the natural rubber thread business and regaining market share lost
to
spandex due to the “allergy” scare with NRL.
Spandex,
the generic term for elastic thread, was first invented by DuPont. The most
notable brand is Lycra, a trademark of Invista (formerly DuPont). Sales of
spandex yarns have been sluggish; in 1980 sales amounted to 25,000 tonnes with
a
drop-off in subsequent years to 20,000 tonnes and finally rebounding back in
1997 to 1980 levels. Compared with the known sales for NRL yarn which has
increased dramatically over a similar time period; growing from a low of 50,000
tonnes in 1989 to 146,000 tonnes in 2006, according to a report by Frost and
Sullivan.
Spandex
producers tend to be very large, well-capitalized, chemical companies such
as
Invista (USA), Bayer (Germany), Asahi Kasei (Japan) and many others. On the
other hand, NRL yarn producers are small, local companies. Spandex is produced
from crude oil and natural gas, two non-renewable products, whereas NRL yarns
are produced from renewable trees, an agricultural product. The spandex
producers do extensive marketing and selling directly through their own
employees. The NRL producers do little to no marketing and sell through a
mixture of brokers, agents, and jobbers who will sell only on price and
availability, and offer no up-selling based on product differentiation. The
NRL
manufacturing sector lends itself to consolidation with a product that provides
clear differentiation, such as that which Vytex NRL yarns would provide.
Manufacturers produce in very large quantities and stage for each
shipment – 20,000 to 40,000 pounds at a time (20 – 40 foot
containers). Natural rubber yarn production has increased from approximately
50,000 tonnes in 1989 to about 135,000 tonnes in 2004, despite “allergy”
warnings that have appeared on garments containing NRL yarn.
There
are
no direct competitors to NRL yarn use in socks, underwear, waistbands, ladies
foundation garments and cords (such as bungee). Spandex is a synthetic elastane,
and an indirect competitor only that has used the “allergy” issue as a lever to
enter these markets at a cost that is several times more expensive. Currently,
there are no branded NRL yarns and no advertising of the benefits of a NRL
yarn
Spandex,
although generically branded, has primarily been used in sportswear, outerwear
and other-wear, sheer hosiery, and pantyhose. These markets are not typically
markets for natural rubber yarn. Another venue identified is the eco-friendly
shoe industry where cork platforms are typically mixed with latex to form the
shoe-bed. Vytex NRL provides a compelling green and health story for these
niche
manufacturers and consumers.
The
thread market is very attractive to Vystar and has the potential to become
a
large sector as the dollar volumes are significant even with a very small
percentage of the market converting to Vytex NRL if adopted by one of the large,
international textile manufacturers (Hanes, Fruit of the Loom) or thread
producer like World Flex Public Company, a leading manufacturer of extruded
rubber threads. Vystar may be able to introduce the Vytex NRL brand similarly
to
the existing branded products. Vystar has identified key thread, clothing and
shoe manufacturers and is actively pursuing them.
Catheters
The
catheter market is a high growth segment due to the aging population around
the
world with increasing incidences of urinary incontinence, chronic cardiovascular
and cancer-related diseases, and to the evolution of medicine in finding
alternative non-invasive techniques to treat patients, which in many cases
utilize catheters, particularly with respect to cardiac procedures. There are
4
main catheter products: coronary or cardiovascular, renal or urinary,
neurovascular (used to infuse or remove drugs or fluids from the body parts)
and
infusion or venous access (used to infuse or remove drugs or fluids from the
body’s general circulation). There are also a number of specialty catheters used
in pulmonary, neonatal, central nervous system and epidural tissue procedures.
Western
Europe has 18 of the 19 countries with the highest percentage of the global
aging population with the U.S. being the nineteenth. There were 68.2 million
people in Western Europe over the age of 65 in 2005, or 17% of that population.
This segment is estimated to increase to 25% of the population by the year
2030,
with a direct correlation to the increase in the age-related medical conditions.
Forty-one percent (41%) of all deaths in the EU were from cardiovascular
disease, and more than 50% of all deaths in the U.S. in 2003 were from heart
diseases or cancer. Add to this increased healthcare need the fact that the
current costs of treating vascular occlusive disease is a major concern and
a
challenge for the European governments and healthcare providers, due in large
part to its burdensome costs.
The
primary materials used for catheters, in addition to NRL, are silicone rubber
and the thermoplastic elastomers like polyurethane and fluoropolymers. Natural
rubber latex’ largest competitive material for catheters is silicone. The
catheters and tubing make up the highest single source of medical silicone
products – about 32% of the entire medical silicon
e
market
(which is not expected to change much through 2012). Two of the greatest
perceived benefits of using the silicone material for catheters are that
silicone is non-allergenic and provides greater patient comfort, due to its
perceived compatibility with antimicrobial coatings. In fact, the number one
market driver of the silicone catheters in the U.S., according to Frost and
Sullivan, is the allergic reaction to regular NRL catheters, and as a result,
healthcare providers around the world have been willing to pay the higher
premium for the silicone catheters, due solely to the allergic reactions to
latex catheters and the litigation and other claims that have occurred and
are
feared to result from using latex.
However,
with the advent of Vytex NRL, these silicone marketing advantages no longer
exist. The virtually non-detectable active antigenic protein count of the Vytex
NRL eliminates the greatest advantage silicone had, which was its non-allergenic
nature. Since there is little to no advantage that silicone has over NRL in
terms of being compatible with antimicrobial coatings, and NRL is less that
one-half the cost of silicone, there would be little reason to use silicone
in
place of Vytex NRL. In fact, even the independent Frost & Sullivan reports
indicate that a high restraint and an obstacle to growth of the silicone
catheter market are the higher costs of the silicone versions. Additionally,
there are certain lobbying groups that continue to push other materials instead
of silicone.
In
2005
the revenue for silicone catheters and tubing in Western Europe was €50M which
is estimated to translate to 34,399,120 units. The projections for 2006 and
2007
were for more than a 4% increase each year, and the projections for 2008 and
2009 include a 5.5% and 5.7% increase, respectively, with a jump in 2010 to
7%.
This amounts to approximately 38 million, 40 million, and 42 million units
of
silicone catheters and tubing for Western Europe for each of the years 2008,
2009 and 2010, respectively. There is approximately 28 grams of NRL in each
catheter unit, and the pricing of silicone catheters and tubing amount to
approximately €3.0 to €8.0, or $4 to nearly $11 per pound – a significant
price increase over the current pricing for NRL or for Vytex NRL. The estimates
of unit usage in the U.S. for the same years of 2008, 2009 and 2010 for all
types of catheters include 36 million, 38 million, and 40 million respectively.
The
healthcare market in both the U.S. and Western Europe is very cost sensitive,
with widespread adoption of cost-cutting, group purchasing and cost management
initiatives generally. Given this highly cost-conscious nature of the healthcare
markets in both the United States and Europe, it is very reasonable to predict
that within a year or two after regulatory approval, Vytex NRL could capture
a
solid percentage of the silicone catheter market. Given these predictions,
it is
anticipated that catheters made with Vytex NRL could be available for sale
in
Western Europe towards the end of 2010, and towards the end of 2011 in the
U.S.
The
other
measurable market share for catheters includes the thermoplastic elastomer
(TPE)
- made catheters, like polyurethane (TPU). Western Europe uses far more
catheters made of this TPE/TPU material than does the U.S. In Western Europe
the
estimated projected volume in tonnes for this material for years 2008, 2009
and
2010 is between 5,000 to 6,000 tonnes.
Some
of
the greatest obstacles in the use of TPU for catheters include the high cost
of
creating a medical grade of TPE/TPU material, which in 2003 was priced between
$1.70 and $3.00 per pound. As discussed with silicone above, the greatest
advantage of using TPE/TPU was the non-allergenic nature of its material, which
is virtually eliminated with the Vytex NRL. Due to the high cost of the
manufacturing of and the negatively perceived toxic qualities of medical
device-grade TPE materials, Vystar reasonably believes it will capture a greater
percentage of the TPE catheter market sooner.
One
of
the other competing materials for catheters, PVC, has been virtually eliminated
in the marketplace due to the environmental concerns, particularly those
containing di-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) as a plasticizer. NRL was used as
an
alternative to PVC when these environmental issues became known.
The
world
wide projections of catheters already made with NRL amount to 5,125 tonnes
for
the year 2007. Taking a conservative average growth rate similar to the U.S.
and
European silicone and TPE catheter markets, the NRL catheter market would
increase at an annual average of 5.5% from 2008 through 2010, resulting in
NRL
usage of 5,407, 5,704 and 6,018 tonnes in each of those years. At 28 grams
per
NRL catheter, this would translate to approximately 193 million, 203 million,
and 214 million units, respectively for each of the years 2008, 2009 and 2010.
Vystar reasonably predicts an even easier transition from existing NRL material
to Vytex NRL. Once regulatory approvals have been received products manufactured
with Vytex NRL can expect to enter the US market in late 2011.
Generally,
the catheter market is viewed as “relatively saturated”, and so the need for new
innovations is rather acute according to some industry experts. Despite the
saturation, the market is viewed as still dynamic enough and receptive to such
innovations. Given the greater ease of its entry into the medical device market
in Western Europe, as compared to the United States, the EU is one of our
initial target markets for promoting Vytex NRL for catheters.
Agreements
with Universal Capital Management, Inc.
On
January 31, 2008, the Company entered into a Management Agreement with Universal
Capital Management, Inc. ("UCM"), a publicly held business development company.
Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, Vystar engaged UCM to provide
management services and other assistance including strategic planning,
investment banking consultation and investor introduction services, and,
investor relations services. Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, the
Company issued UCM warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of its common stock
at
an exercise price of $0.01. These warrants are exercisable in whole or in part
at or before January 31, 2013.
On
April
30, 2008, the Company entered into an additional management and agreement with
UCM pursuant to which UCM agreed to provide management services including
day-to-day managerial assistance on issues such as employment, payroll,
benefits, real estate leasing, utility utilization, capital expenditures,
personnel and other related matters, financial reporting services, tax reporting
services and accounts payable services. Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement,
UCM was issued warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of the Company's common
stock
at an exercise price of $2.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable in whole
or in part at or before April 30, 2013. In the event that the Company elects
to
extend the Management Agreement for an additional year term beyond the first
year of the Agreement, the Company has agreed to issue additional warrants
to
purchase 500,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per
share.
On
or
about __________, 2009, the Company will issue 600,000 shares of its common
stock to UCM as additional compensation for services to Vystar, which shares
will be distributed to the UCM stockholders as described in this
prospectus.
Private
Placement
Vystar
completed a private placement of its common stock and warrants to purchase
common stock to accredited investors in October 2008. In the offering, the
Company issued 1,189,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $2.00 per
share. For each two (2) shares of common stock purchased, the investor received
a warrant to purchase one (1) share of our common stock at $1.00 per share
for a
period of two (2) years from the date of issue.
GOVERNMENT
REGULATION
In
the
United States, healthcare products are subject to regulation by the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA). Management believes that Vystar is not itself subject
to regulation by the FDA due to the fact that it does not manufacture a finished
medical device, but only provides Vytex NRL as a component or raw material
to
healthcare product manufacturers. However, there will be FDA regulation of
the
labeling of healthcare products that are produced with Vytex NRL. Additionally,
effective September 30, 1998, FDA regulations prohibited the use of the term
“hypoallergenic” on natural rubber latex gloves. In order to make any such
claim, the latex product manufacturer must seek a waiver from the FDA of such
regulatory prohibitions. Commentary included with the FDA’s September 1998 rule
indicated that the prohibition on the use of the “hypoallergenic” label was
based on the fact that, although such labeling was intended to indicate that
the
risk of allergic reaction to residual levels of processing chemicals was
reduced, consumers interpreted the labeling to mean that the risk of allergic
reactions to any component in the device would be minimal. Thus the
hypoallergenic label was deemed misleading. There can be no assurance, however,
that we will succeed in securing FDA approval for any claim regarding the
“hypoallergenic” or reduced allergy potential of latex produced with the Vytex
NRL process. Failure to secure, if required, such FDA approval, could delay
or
otherwise detrimentally affect our introduction to natural rubber latex
healthcare products. Notwithstanding, the licensed glove manufacturer may be
able to use the Vytex NRL trademark on its label to indicate only that the
Vytex
NRL component was used in the production of the healthcare product, and no
further claim is asserted. We believe that we will be able to provide sufficient
testing data to the FDA to support our claim with respect to the natural rubber
latex antigenic proteins present in Vytex NRL.
MANAGEMENT
Our
executive officers and directors and their respective ages and positions as
of October 30, 2008, are as follows:
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
Title
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
51
|
|
Chairman
of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer (3)
|
Sandra
G. Parker
|
|
54
|
|
Executive
Vice President, Sales and Marketing
|
Matthew
P. Clark
|
|
35
|
|
Vice
President, Technical Services
|
J.
Douglas Craft
|
|
45
|
|
Director
(1)(2)(3)
|
Joseph
C. Allegra, MD
|
|
59
|
|
Director
(2)(3)
|
W.
Dean Waters
|
|
43
|
|
Director
(1)(2)
|
Mitsy
M. Mangum
|
|
44
|
|
Director
(1)
|
(1)
Member
of
the Audit Committee.
(2)
Member
of
the Compensation Committee.
(3)
Member
of
the Executive Committee.
Set
forth
below is biographical information concerning executive officers,
other officers, directors and advisors:
Executive
Officers
William
R. Doyle, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
,
has
most recently served as Vice President of Marketing, Women’s Health for Matria
Healthcare, Inc. a disease management company. Mr. Doyle spearheaded the initial
branding efforts at Matria as well as held responsibility for sales development,
training, public relations, and marketing. He has worked in many aspects of
healthcare industry for over twenty years encompassing manufacturing, sales,
marketing and advertising. In addition to Matria, he has experience with such
companies as Isolyser Company, Inc., McGaw, Inc., Lederle Laboratories (now
Wyeth), and in an advertising capacity for Novartis Ophthalmics. Mr. Doyle
is a
member of the Board of Directors of the Georgia Chapter of the March of Dimes.
He holds a Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry from Penn State University and
Master of Business Administration from Pepperdine University.
Sandra
Parker, Executive Vice President, Sales And Marketing,
brings
over 25 years of extensive management experience to Vystar in business
development, strategic planning, sales and marketing with the leading
distribution, hospital, manufacturing, group purchasing and trade association
companies in the healthcare industry. Sandra most recently served as
senior manager for Kimberly-Clark Healthcare where she was the architect for
their expansion into non-hospital markets. She currently
serves as Chair of Professional Women in Healthcare, a national organization
of
women executives. She is a graduate of the Jackson School of Nursing in
Miami.
Matthew
P. Clark, Vice President Technical Services
,
is
responsible for day-to-day Vystar operations as well as IP, trademark and
product development. A co-patent holder on the process to reduce the
allergenicity of natural rubber latex prior to vulcanization, Mr. Clark is
a key
company contact for latex industry leaders. He is co-author of four technical
papers, “Technological and Physical Properties of a New, Low Antigenic Protein
Natural Rubber Latex”, “The Business Aspects of Vytex, an Ultra Low Protein
Natural Rubber Latex”, “Vytex
Ô
Natural
Rubber Latex: A Proposed Industry Standard for the Manufacture of Commercial
Natural Rubber Products”, and “Vytex
Ô
Natural
Rubber Latex: An Innovative Source Material for Natural Rubber Products Prior
to
Vystar, he had supervisory roles at Isolyser and Globe Ticket and Label Company.
He is a graduate of Gwinnett Technical Institute.
Other
Officers
Linda
S. Hammock, Acting Chief Financial Officer,
has
more
than 25 years of experience in accounting and financial management and has
spent
the past 12 years providing consulting services to companies as a part-time
CFO
and/or controller. For the past three years, Ms. Hammock has been
affiliated with Accounting Professionals Network, a provider of professional
financial management to companies not requiring it on a full-time basis. Prior
to that, she provided part-time CFO and/or controller services through Linda
S.
Hammock, CPA, as well as through Resources Connection (now Resources Global
Professionals) and Callaway Partners (now Huron Consulting Group). She has
served as an executive officer with companies in the health care and banking
industries. Hammock holds a Master of Accountancy degree from the University
of
Georgia, is a Certified Public Accountant, and a member of the American
Institute of CPAs and the Georgia Society of CPAs.
Dawn
E. Ely, JD, General Counsel and Chief Legal Officer,
has
more
than 17 years of healthcare and technology law experience, most of which
has
been as an in-house attorney simultaneously managing legal and operational
divisions of small, large, public, private, venture-backed and governmental
organizations. Most recently, Dawn served as the Interim General Counsel
of
Coloplast Corp., the regional headquarters of an international medical device
company. She has also served as chief counsel imaging division, global
regulatory counsel healthcare, and regional head of regulatory affairs and
quality assurance organizations for Agfa and its Americas regional headquarters,
serving as the global regulatory expert, strategist and legal counsel for
the
medical device business, which included product licensing, labeling, marketing,
good manufacturing practices and privacy/security regulations. Prior to this,
Dawn served as the Vice President of Legal & Administrative Affairs for a
venture-backed disease management company, ProMedex, Inc. also managing the
human resources department and creating the legal strategy for the company,
as
well as handling all legal and contractual matters. She is a dual-majored,
distinguished honors major B.A. graduate of the University of Virginia, and
earned her law degree at Mercer University in Macon, Ga.
Directors
J.
Douglas Craft, Director
,
joined
Vystar’s Board of Directors in October 2006. Mr. Craft is the founder and chief
executive officer of Atlanta-based Medicraft Inc., one of the largest
independent distributors for Medtronic Spinal Products worldwide. Mr. Craft
has
more than 22 years experience in the medical device arena and holds a biomedical
engineering degree from Mississippi State University.
Joseph
C. Allegra, MD, Director,
joined
Vystar’s Board of Directors in April 2008. Dr. Allegra is the founder/owner of
various limited liability companies in the Atlanta area including Diamond II
Investments, Oncology Molecular Imaging, and Pediatric Urgent Care. He is also
the owner of Cyberlogistics, Inc and is a partner with the Seraph Group. Dr.
Allegra has held various professorships and chairmanships as a practicing
oncologist. He has an undergraduate degree in Chemistry from Temple University
and obtained his MD from the Milton S. Hershey Medical of the Pennsylvania
State
University.
Mitsy
Y.
Mangum
,
Director
,
joined
Vystar’s Board of Directors in October 2008. Ms. Mangum is Vice
President-Investments, Financial Advisor WMS, RPC with Raymond James &
Associates in the Atlanta area. Ms. Mangum is an accomplished investment
professional with over 22 years of financial service and industry experience
both from the retail side as well as the institutional side. Ms. Mangum
maintains an in-depth knowledge of the financial markets, professional money
management and managing portfolios.
She
has a
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration / Management from College of
Charleston.
W.
Dean Waters, Director
,
joined
Vystar’s Board of Directors in October 2008. Mr. Waters is President and Founder
of Poseidon Capital Investments, LLC, specializing in investment management,
futures trading and lease finance consulting in the Atlanta area. Mr. Waters
has
over 10 years of experience providing fiscal structuring and management
expertise to foreign and domestic entities, including government, private,
Fortune 1000 and utility organizations.
He
has a
Bachelor of Science in Economics from East Carolina University and an MBA in
Finance from Wake Forest University.
Advisors
Seth
Goldberg, Special Advisor to the Board
,
is
responsible for assisting Vystar in developing regulatory strategies to bring
Vystex NRL to market. Goldberg has been a partner in the Washington D.C. based
law firm of Steptoe & Johnson since 1985. Mr. Goldberg’s law practice
focuses on chemical and environmental regulation, with principal clients
including multinational companies and national trade associations. Mr. Goldberg
frequently assists clients in developing regulatory strategies to bring products
to market and minimize the impact of government regulation. Mr. Goldberg
received a B.A. from the State University of New York in Binghamton and a J.D.
from Stanford Law School.
Mark
C. Swanson, Technical Advisor,
is
an
immunochemist of 30 years working for the Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN. He
graduated in 1978 from St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN with degrees
in
bio-medical science and chemistry. He founded Quan-Tec-Air, Inc. in 1985. The
company is dedicated to the quantification of asthmagenic bio-aerosols using
specialized sampling, filtration and immunoassay techniques. The combination
of
air sampling expertise and de novo immunoassay design and implementation makes
him a unique and valuable resource for immuno-aero-biological health hazard
assessment. He is contacted frequently by industry and agencies interested
in
evaluating workplace bio-aerosols and their remedies.
Catharine
Carole Calkins Burke, Ph.D., Technical Advisor,
Skilled
biomedical researcher capable of analyzing experiments, data, and information;
creative and resourceful in generating ideas and solving problems; recognized
by
colleagues, peers and professors for initiating and developing ideas within
the
scope of defined projects, while ensuring quality of work.
Dr.
Calkins
holds a
Ph.D.
degree
in
Pharmacology
from
Wayne State University and
Bachelors
of Science degree
in
Chemistry/Biochemistry
from
San
Jose State University.
Vystar
Technical Advisory Board.
The
Vystar Technical Advisory Board is comprised of many leading healthcare experts
involved in the ongoing development and implementation of Vytex NRL. The
board
members include professionals from large healthcare purchasing groups, RNs
and
surgeons. The board ensures that the ever-changing needs of the healthcare
community are addressed.
Board
Composition and Election of Directors
Our
board
of directors currently consists of five members. There are no family
relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. In accordance
with the terms of our bylaws, our board of directors is composed of one class.
As a result, our entire board of directors will be elected each year at our
annual meeting of shareholders.
Our
bylaws provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed only
by
resolution of our board of directors. Any vacancy on our board of directors,
including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of our board of directors,
may
be filled by vote of a majority of our directors then in office.
Director
Independence
Under
Rule 4350 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules, independent directors must
comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors within one year of
listing. In addition, Nasdaq Marketplace Rules require that, subject to
specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and
nominating and governance committees be independent. While Vystar does not
currently qualify for listing on Nasdaq and will likely not qualify for some
time after the date of this prospectus, it does intend to seek such listing
as
soon as possible and will conply with its Marketplace Rules immediately. Audit
committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in
Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Under
Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15), a director will only qualify as an
“independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors,
that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise
of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.
In
order to be considered to be independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a
member of an audit committee of a public company may not, other than in his
or
her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or
any
other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting,
advisory, or other compensatory fee from the public company or any of its
subsidiaries; or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any
of its subsidiaries.
In
September 2008, our board of directors undertook a review of its composition,
the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based
upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his
or
her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships,
our
board of directors has determined that none of Messrs. Craft or Waters, Dr.
Allegra or Ms. Mangum, representing four of our five directors, has a
relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment
in
carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors
is “independent” as that term is defined under Nasdaq Marketplace
Rule 4200(a)(15). Our board of directors also determined that
Messrs. Craft, Waters and Ms. Mangum, who comprise our audit committee, and
Messrs. Craft and Waters, and Dr. Allegra satisfy the independence standards
for
those committees established by applicable SEC rules and the Nasdaq Marketplace
Rules. In making this determination, our board of directors considered the
relationships that each non-employee director has with our company and all
other
facts and circumstances our board of directors deemed relevant in determining
their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock
by
each non-employee director.
Board
Committees
Our
board
of directors has established an executive committee, an audit committee
and a compensation committee. Each committee will operate under a charter
that will be approved by our board of directors.
Executive
Committee
The
members of the Executive Committee are Messrs. Doyle and Craft, and Dr. Allegra.
Mr. Doyle chairs the Executive Committee.
The
role
of Vystar’s Executive Committee is to oversee operations of the Board and
personnel matters and if necessary, to act on behalf of the Board during
on-demand activities that occur between meetings (these acts are later presented
for full board review). Working on behalf of the full Board of Directors,
this
Committee will provide an opportunity for detailed examination of current
policy
issues facing Vystar, develop policy recommendations for consideration by
the
Board, and provide general oversight for the overall direction and operations
of
Vystar.
Audit
Committee
The
members of our audit committee are Messrs. Craft and Waters, and Ms. Mangum.
Mr. Waters chairs the audit committee. Our board of directors has
determined that each audit committee member satisfies the requirements for
financial literacy under the current requirements of the Nasdaq Marketplace
Rules. Mr. Waters is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined by SEC
rules and satisfies the financial sophistication requirements of The NASDAQ
Global Market. Our audit committee assists our board of directors in its
oversight of our accounting and financial reporting process and the audits
of
our financial statements. The audit committee’s responsibilities include:
·
|
appointing,
approving the compensation of, and assessing the independence of
our
independent registered public accounting firm;
|
·
|
overseeing
the work of our independent registered public accounting firm, including
through the receipt and consideration of reports from such firm;
|
·
|
reviewing
and discussing with management and the independent registered public
accounting firm our annual and quarterly financial statements and
related
disclosures;
|
·
|
monitoring
our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure controls
and
procedures and code of business conduct and ethics;
|
·
|
discussing
our risk management policies;
|
·
|
establishing
policies regarding hiring employees from the independent registered
public
accounting firm and procedures for the receipt and resolution of
accounting related complaints and concerns;
|
·
|
meeting
independently with our independent registered public accounting firm
and
management;
|
·
|
reviewing
and approving or ratifying any related person transactions; and
|
·
|
preparing
the audit committee report required by SEC rules.
|
All
audit
and non-audit services, other than de minimus non-audit services, to be
provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm must be
approved in advance by our audit committee.
Compensation
Committee
The
members of our compensation committee are Messrs. Craft and Waters, and Dr.
Allegra. Dr. Allegra chairs the compensation committee. The compensation
committee’s responsibilities include:
·
|
annually
reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to
chief
executive officer compensation;
|
·
|
determining
our chief executive officer’s compensation;
|
·
|
reviewing
and approving, or making recommendations to our board of directors
with
respect to, the compensation of our other executive officers;
|
·
|
overseeing
an evaluation of our senior executives;
|
·
|
overseeing
and administering our cash and equity incentive plans;
|
·
|
reviewing
and making recommendations to our board of directors with respect
to
director compensation;
|
·
|
reviewing
and discussing annually with management our “Compensation Discussion and
Analysis” disclosure required by SEC rules; and
|
·
|
preparing
the compensation committee report required by SEC rules.
|
Compensation
Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None
of
our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or
compensation committee, or other committee serving an equivalent function,
of
any entity that has one or more executive officers who serve as members of
our
board of directors or our compensation committee. None of the members of our
compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company, nor have they
ever been an officer or employee of our company.
Code
of Business Conduct and Ethics
We
will
adopt a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our
employees, officers and directors, including those officers responsible for
financial reporting. The code of business conduct and ethics will be available
on our website at www.logmein.com. Any amendments to the code, or any waivers
of
its requirements, will be disclosed on our website.
Director
Compensation
Since
our
formation, we have not paid cash compensation to any director for his service
as
a director. However, we have historically reimbursed our non-employee directors
for reasonable travel and other expenses incurred in connection with attending
board of director and committee meetings.
Our
president and chief executive officer has not received any compensation in
connection with his service as a director. The compensation that we pay to
our
president and chief executive officer is discussed in the “Executive
Compensation” section of this prospectus.
The
following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by our
non-employee directors during 2006-2008 for Mr. Craft, and for 2008 for Dr.
Allegra. Mr. Waters and Ms. Mangum have not to date received any options or
warrants to purchase shares of our common stock in connection with their service
on our board of directors.
|
|
Warrant
Awards
|
|
Name
|
|
($)(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.
Douglas Craft (2)
|
|
$
|
67,927
|
|
Joseph
C. Allegra, MD (3)
|
|
|
25,266
|
|
(1)
|
|
Represents
the dollar amount of share-based compensation expense recognized
for
financial statement reporting purposes pursuant to SFAS 123R during
2006
through September 30, 2008, except that such amounts do not reflect
an
estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions.
The
assumptions used by us with respect to the valuation of option grants
are
set forth in Note 8 to our financial statements included elsewhere in
this prospectus.
|
(2)
|
|
Represents
warrants to purchase 160,000 shares of our common stock with a weighted
average exercise price of $1.07875 per share.
|
(3)
|
|
Represents warrants
to purchase 40,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price
of
$1.315 per share.
|
Executive
Compensation
Compensation
Discussion and Analysis
Overview
Our
compensation committee was recently elected by our board of directors. Going
forward, the compensation committee of our board of directors will oversee
our
executive compensation program. In this role, the compensation committee will
review and approve annually all compensation decisions relating to our named
executive officers. Our historical executive compensation programs were
developed and implemented by our board of directors consistent with practices
of
other venture-backed, privately-held companies. Prior to this offering, our
compensation programs, and the process by which they were developed, were less
formal than that typically employed by a public company. During this time,
our
board of directors and compensation committee generally benchmarked our
executive compensation on an informal basis by comparing our executives’
compensation to our estimates of executive compensation paid by companies in
our
industry and region that are also comparable to us in size, revenue, financial
condition and capital investment. We refer to this group as our private company
peer group. The board of directors and the compensation committee intend to
continue to formalize their approach to the development and implementation
of
our executive compensation programs.
Objectives
and Philosophy of Our Executive Compensation Programs
Our
compensation committee’s primary objectives with respect to executive
compensation are to:
·
|
attract,
retain and motivate talented executives;
|
·
|
promote
the achievement of key financial and strategic performance measures
by
linking short- and long-term cash and equity incentives to the achievement
of measurable corporate and, in some cases, individual performance
goals; and
|
·
|
align
the incentives of our executives with the creation of value for our
stockholders.
|
To
achieve these objectives, the compensation committee will evaluate our executive
compensation program with the goal of setting compensation at levels the
committee believes are competitive with those of our private company peer group.
In addition, our executive compensation program will tie a substantial portion
of each executive’s overall compensation to key strategic, financial and
operational goals such as our financial and operational performance, the growth
of our customer base, new development initiatives and the establishment and
maintenance of key strategic relationships. We will also provide a portion
of
our executive compensation in the form of stock options that vest over time,
which we believe helps to retain our executives and aligns their interests
with
those of our shareholders by allowing them to participate in the longer term
success of our company as reflected in stock price appreciation.
We
compete with many other companies for executive personnel. Accordingly, the
compensation committee will generally target overall compensation for executives
to be competitive with that of our private company peer group. Variations to
this targeted compensation may occur depending on the experience level of the
individual and market factors, such as the demand for executives with similar
skills and experience.
Components
of Our Executive Compensation Program
The
primary elements of our executive compensation program will be:
·
|
cash
incentive bonuses;
|
·
|
equity
incentive awards;
|
·
|
change
of control benefits; and
|
·
|
insurance,
retirement and other employee benefits and
compensation.
|
We
do not
have any formal or informal policy or target for allocating compensation between
long-term and short-term compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation
or
among the different forms of non-cash compensation. Instead, our compensation
committee will establish these allocations for each executive officer on an
annual basis. Our compensation committee will establish cash compensation
targets based primarily upon informal benchmarking data, such as comparing
the
compensation of our executives to companies in our private company peer group,
as well as the performance of our company as a whole and of the individual
executive and executive team as a whole. Our compensation committee will
establish non-cash compensation based upon this informal benchmarking data,
the
performance of our company as a whole and of the individual executive and
executive team as a whole, the executives’ equity ownership percentage and the
amount of their equity ownership that is vested equity. We believe that the
long-term performance of our business is improved through the grant of
stock-based awards so that the interests of our executives are aligned with
the
creation of value for our shareholders.
Summary
Compensation Table
The
following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by our
chairman and chief executive officer, our former chairman and chief executive
office and two other executive officer during 2005, 2006 and 2007. We refer
to
these executive officers (other than Mr. Honeycutt, our former chairman and
chief executive officer) as our “named executive officers” elsewhere in this
prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Option
|
|
Incentive
Plan
|
|
All
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salary
|
|
Awards
|
|
Compensation
|
|
Compensation
|
|
Total
|
|
Name
and Principal Position
|
|
($)
|
|
($)(1)
|
|
($)(2)
|
|
($)(3)
|
|
($)
|
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
168,750
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
2,422
|
|
$
|
171,172
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
154,808
|
|
$
|
154,909
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
309,717
|
|
2005
|
|
$
|
125,000
|
|
$
|
33,682
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
156,682
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Travis
Honeycutt (4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Former
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
196,875
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
12,574
|
|
|
209,449
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
136,859
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,541
|
|
|
146,400
|
|
2005
|
|
$
|
134,896
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,711
|
|
|
143,607
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sandra
Parker (5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive
Vice
President, Sales and Marketing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
2005
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matthew
P. Clark
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vice
President, Technical Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
75,833
|
|
$
|
30,388
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
16,327
|
|
$
|
122,549
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
60,577
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
8,943
|
|
|
69,520
|
|
2005
|
|
$
|
28,854
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,041
|
|
|
33,895
|
|
(1)
|
|
Valuation
of these options is based on the dollar amount of share-based compensation
recognized for financial statement reporting purposes pursuant to
SFAS 123R with respect to 2007, except that such amounts do not
reflect an estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting
conditions. The assumptions used by us with respect to the valuation
of
option grants are set forth in Note 8 to our financial statements
included elsewhere in this prospectus. The individual awards reflected
in
this summary compensation table are further summarized below under
“Grants
of Plan-Based Awards in 2007.”
|
(2)
|
|
Consists
of cash bonuses paid under our annual discretionary cash incentive
bonus
program for 2005, 2006 and 2007.
|
(3)
|
|
Amounts
consist of medical, life insurance and disability insurance premiums
paid
by us on behalf of the named executive officer.
|
(4)
|
|
Mr.
Honeycutt resigned as chairman and chief executive officer of Vystar
in
March, 2008.
|
(5)
|
|
Ms.
Parker was not an employee in 2005, 2006 or
2007.
|
Employment
Agreements
On
November 11, 2008, Vystar entered into an Employment Agreement with William
R.
Doyle to continue to serve as Vystar’s President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors. The term of the Agreement is effective
until
terminated by either party in accordance with the terms of the Agreement.
Under
the Agreement, Mr. Doyle receives a base salary of $185,000 per year, as
such
base salary may be adjusted by the Board of Directors, and an annual bonus
equal
to a maximum of 125% of Mr. Doyle’s base salary based on the success of the
Company in meeting its objectives, as determined by the Board of Directors;
provided, that no cash bonus is payable to Mr. Doyle on any date unless he
is
employed by the Company on that date. The amount of the annual bonus is
determined by the Board of Directors based on the percentage of achievement
of
the stated company objectives. Notwithstanding, if the Company does not meet
at
least 90% of its stated objectives, the Board of Directors may choose not
to
award Mr. Doyle any portion of his annual bonus. The effective date of the
annual bonus calculation is the Company’s fiscal year-end and is payable in one
or more installments as determined by the Board of Directors beginning in
the
first quarter of the following fiscal year. Mr. Doyle’s Employment Agreement is
terminable at will by the Company for cause or without cause as defined in
the
Agreement. However, if Mr. Doyle’s employment is terminated by Vystar without
cause, Vystar is obligated to pay Mr. Doyle compensation earned through the
date
of termination plus a severance payment equal to six (6) months base salary
from
the date of termination payable as if he had remained an employee of the
Company, plus, assuming Mr. Doyle complies with non-compete and non-solicitation
covenants contained in the Employment Agreement, an amount equal to 75% of
Mr.
Doyle’s base salary amount for the one (1) year period after the date of
termination. If Mr. Doyle is terminated for cause or he terminates the
Employment Agreement without cause, he is only entitled to compensation accrued
through the date of termination.
On
April
1, 2008, Vystar entered into an Employment Agreement with Sandra Parker
to serve
as Vystar’s Executive Vice President Sales and Marketing. The term of the
Agreement continues effective unless a party gives the other party notice
of
intent to not renew 90 days prior to each annual anniversary date, unless
earlier terminated as described below. Under the Agreement, Ms. Parker
receives
a base salary of $95,000 per year plus, for the first six months of Ms.
Parker’s
employment, a guaranteed bonus of $5,000 per month. Thereafter, a further
bonus
structure may be made available to Ms. Parker depending upon the performance
of
Vystar and Ms. Parker, at the complete and sole discretion of the Board
of
Directors. Ms. Parker was granted a total of 200,000 stock options at an
exercise price of $1.00 per share, 50,000 of which vested immediately upon
execution of the Employment Agreement and 50,000 of which vest on each
of the next three anniversaries of the Employment Agreement. Ms. Parker’s
Employment Agreement is terminable at will by the Company for cause or
without
cause as defined in the Agreement. However, if Ms. Parker’s employment is
terminated by Vystar without cause, Vystar is obligated to pay Ms. Parker
compensation earned through the date of termination plus a severance payment
equal to three (3) months base salary plus employee benefits from the date
of
termination payable as if she had remained an employee of the Company.
If Ms.
Parker is terminated for cause or she terminates the Employment Agreement
without cause, she is only entitled to compensation through the date of
termination.
No
other
officers of the Company are parties to Employment Agreements.
Grants
of Plan-Based Awards
The
following table sets forth information regarding grants of compensation in
the
form of plan-based awards made to our named executive officers:
|
|
|
|
Option Awards:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
Exercise or Base Price of
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Grant Date
|
|
Underlying Option (#)
|
|
Option Awards ($/Sh)
|
|
Option Expiration Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
12/1/04
|
|
300,000
|
(1)
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
12/1/2014
|
|
|
|
4/28/05
|
|
100,000
|
(1)
|
$
|
1.50
|
|
4/28/2015
|
|
|
|
10/1/06
|
|
500,000
|
(1)
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
10/1/2016
|
|
|
|
2/11/08
|
|
1,750,000
|
(1)
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
2/11/2018
|
|
Matthew
P. Clark
|
|
1/1/07
|
|
100,000
|
(1)
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
1/1/2017
|
|
|
|
2/11/08
|
|
250,000
|
(1)
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
2/11/2018
|
|
Sandra
Parker
|
|
4/1/08
|
|
200,000
|
(2)
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
4/1/2018
|
|
________________________
|
(1)
|
All
options are currently vested.
|
|
(2)
|
50,000
of such options vested upon grant. The remainder vest at a rate of
50,000
on each of April 1, 2009, 2010 and
2011.
|
2004
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan
Our
2004
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended, which we refer to as the
2004
Plan, was adopted by our board of directors in 2004. A maximum of 4,000,000
shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the 2004
Plan.
The
2004
Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock
options, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. Our officers, employees,
consultants and directors are eligible to receive awards under the 2004 Plan;
however, incentive stock options may only be granted to our employees. In
accordance with the terms of the 2004 Plan, our board of directors administers
the 2004 Plan and, subject to any limitations in the 2004 Plan, selects the
recipients of awards and determines:
·
|
the
number of shares of common stock covered by options and the dates
upon
which those options become exercisable;
|
·
|
the
exercise prices of options;
|
·
|
the
duration of options;
|
·
|
the
methods of payment of the exercise price; and
|
·
|
the
number of shares of common stock subject to any restricted stock
or other
stock-based awards and the terms and conditions of those awards,
including
the conditions for repurchase, issue price and repurchase price.
|
Pursuant
to the terms of the 2004 Plan, in the event of a change in control of our
company, each outstanding option under the 2004 Plan will vest, but the holders
shall have the right, assuming the holder still maintains a
permissible
relationship with us, immediately prior to such dissolution or liquidation,
to
exercise the option to the extent exercisable on the date of such dissolution
or
liquidation.
In
the
event of a merger or other reorganization event, our board of directors shall
have the discretion to provide for any or all of the following: (a) the
acceleration of vesting or the termination of our repurchase rights of any
or
all of the outstanding awards, (b) the assumption or substitution of all
options by the acquitting or succeeding entity or (c) the termination of
all options that remain outstanding at the time of the merger or other
reorganization event.
401(k)
Plan
We
maintain a tax-qualified retirement plan that provides all regular employees
with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. Under
our
401(k) plan, participants may elect to defer a portion of their compensation
on
a pre-tax basis and have it contributed to the plan subject to applicable annual
Internal Revenue Code limits. Pre-tax contributions are allocated to each
participant’s individual account and are then invested in selected investment
alternatives according to the participants’ directions. Employee elective
deferrals are fully vested at all times. The 401(k) plan allows for matching
contributions to be made by us. We currently match dollar for dollar on the
first three percent (3%) of compensation and $.50 on each dollar of the next
two
percent (2%) of compensation. As a tax-qualified retirement plan, contributions
to the 401(k) plan and earnings on those contributions are not taxable to the
employees until distributed from the 401(k) plan and all contributions are
deductible by us when made.
LIMITATION
OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Articles
of Incorporation and Bylaws
As
permitted by Georgia law, provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws
limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors. Our articles of
incorporation and bylaws limit the liability of directors to the maximum extent
permitted by Georgia law. Georgia law provides that directors of a corporation
will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breaches of their
fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:
·
|
any
breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our shareholders;
|
·
|
any
act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct
or a knowing violation of law;
|
·
|
any
unlawful payments related to dividends or unlawful stock repurchases,
redemptions or other distributions; or
|
·
|
any
transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit.
|
These
limitations do not apply to liabilities arising under federal securities laws
and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies, including injunctive
relief or rescission. If Georgia law is amended to authorize the further
elimination or limiting of a director, then the liability of our directors
will
be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Georgia law as
so
amended.
As
permitted by Georgia law, our articles of incorporation and bylaws also provide
that:
·
|
we
will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted
by law;
|
·
|
we
may indemnify our other employees and other agents to the same extent
that
we indemnify our officers and directors, unless otherwise determined
by
the board of directors; and
|
·
|
we
will advance expenses to our directors and executive officers in
connection with legal proceedings in connection with a legal proceeding
to
the fullest extent permitted by law.
|
The
indemnification provisions contained in our articles of incorporation and
bylaws are not exclusive.
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
During
the three years ended December 31, 2006, Vystar made payments to Reactive
Energy, LLC, a company wholly-owned by Travis Honeycutt, the Company’s former
CEO, for management fees and contract services including office reimbursements.
At December 31, 2007, there was a balance due Reactive Energy, LLC of $36,453.
During 2006 and 2005, the Company advanced cash and made payments on behalf
of
Climax Global Energy, Inc. (“Climax”), a company controlled by the Company’s
former CEO, in the amounts of $12,795 and $242,654, respectively. At December
31, 2007, the balance due from Climax was $240,409. Climax is in a pre-revenue,
research and development mode, and is in the process of raising capital through
a private placement memorandum. The Company expects to be reimbursed in full
for
the balance, which is unsecured, but due to the uncertainty involved, management
has elected to reserve at December 31, 2007, approximately $120,000 of the
balance due from Climax. In August 2008, the Company entered into a Note
Agreement with Climax which specified the repayment terms of the Note.
In
February 2008, the Company’s former CEO surrendered 4,900,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock issued to him during 2004. These shares were returned to
the Company, thereby being available for reissuance and decreasing the
outstanding shares of the Company by 4,900,000 shares.
In
March
2008, Travis Honeycutt, Founder and CEO, retired from the Company.
PRINCIPAL
SHAREHOLDERS
The
following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of
our
common stock as of October 30, 2008 by:
·
|
each
of our named executive officers;
|
·
|
all
of our directors and executive officers as a group; and
|
·
|
each
person, or group of affiliated persons, who is known by us to beneficially
own more than 5% of our voting securities.
|
The
“Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned” column is based on a total of
11,941,273 shares of our common stock outstanding as of November 3, 2008.
Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the
SEC
and includes voting or investment power with respect to our common stock. Shares
of common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable
within 60 days of October 30, 2008 are considered outstanding and beneficially
owned by the person holding the options for the purpose of calculating the
percentage ownership of that person but not for the purpose of calculating
the
percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons
and entities in this table have sole voting and investing power with respect
to
all of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them, subject to
community property laws, where applicable. Except as otherwise set forth below,
the address of the beneficial owner is c/o Vystar Corporation, 3235 Satellite
Boulevard, Building 400, Suite 290, Duluth, Georgia 30096.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
|
|
Number of Shares
Beneficially Owned
|
|
Percentage of Shares
Beneficially Owned
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5%
Stockholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Travis
W.
Honeycutt
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
20.91
|
%
|
Margaret
S.
Honeycutt
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
20.91
|
%
|
Universal
Capital Management,
Inc.
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
|
11.16
|
%
|
Glen
Smotherman
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
8.37
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors
and Executive Officers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
William
Doyle
|
|
|
2,650,000
|
|
|
18.16
|
%
|
Matthew
Clark
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
|
4.47
|
%
|
Sandra
Parker
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
.42
|
%
|
J.
Douglas Craft
(5)
|
|
|
210,000
|
|
|
1.74
|
%
|
Atlanta,
GA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joseph
C. Allegra, MD
(6)
|
|
|
315,000
|
|
|
2.62
|
%
|
Atlanta,
GA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.
Dean Waters
|
|
|
124,334
|
|
|
1.04
|
%
|
Atlanta,
GA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mitsy
Y. Mangum
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
.21
|
%
|
Atlanta,
GA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All
directors and officers (as a group)
|
|
|
3,924,334
|
|
|
25.79
|
%
|
(1)
|
Includes
warrants to acquire 1,000,000 shares of common stock at $.01 per
shares
and warrants to acquire 500,000 shares of common stock at $2.00 per
share.
|
(2)
|
Consists
of options to acquire shares of common stock at between $1.00 and
$1.50
per share.
|
(3)
|
Consists
of 200,000 shares of common stock owned directly and options to acquire
350,000 shares of common stock at $1.00 per
share.
|
(4)
|
Consists
of options to acquire shares of common stock at $1.00 per
share.
|
(5)
|
Includes warrants
to acquire 160,000 shares of common stock at a weighted average price
of
$1.07875 per share.
|
(6)
|
Includes warrants
to acquire 40,000 shares of common stock at a weighted average price
of
$1.315 per share, and w
arrants
to acquire 25,000 shares of common stock at a price of $1.00 per
share.
|
DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK
The
following description of our capital stock and provisions of our articles of
incorporation and bylaws are summaries only, and they are qualified by reference
to complete versions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, copies of
which are available upon request.
Our
authorized capital stock consists of 25,000,000 shares of common stock, par
value $0.0001 per share, 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001
per share, all of which preferred stock is undesignated. Our board of directors
may establish the rights and preferences of the preferred stock from time to
time.
As
of
November 3, 2008, there were 11,941,273 shares of common stock issued and
outstanding. As of October 30, 2008, there were 190 stockholders of record
of
our capital stock.
Common
Stock
Holders
of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters
submitted to a vote of shareholders and do not have cumulative voting rights.
An
election of directors by our shareholders shall be determined by a plurality
of
the votes cast by the shareholders entitled to vote on the election. Holders
of
common stock are entitled to receive proportionately any dividends as may be
declared by our board of directors, subject to any preferential dividend rights
of outstanding preferred stock.
In
the
event of our liquidation or dissolution, the holders of common stock are
entitled to receive proportionately all assets available for distribution to
stockholders after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject
to
the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock
have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights,
preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to and may
be
adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of
preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred
Stock
Our
board
of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more
series without shareholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion
to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including
voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and
liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock.
The
purpose of authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock and
determine its rights and preferences is to eliminate delays associated with
a
shareholder vote on specific issuances. The issuance of preferred stock, while
providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions, future
financings and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it
more
difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from
seeking to acquire, a majority of our outstanding voting stock. As of April
30,
2008, there are no shares of preferred stock outstanding, and we have no present
plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
Options
and Warrants
As
of
November 3, 2008, options to purchase 3,400,000 shares of common stock and
warrants to purchase 2,541,266 shares of common stock, at a weighted-average
exercise price of $.94 per share were outstanding.
Shareholder
Action; Special Meeting of Shareholders; Advance Notice Requirements for
Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations
Our
articles of incorporation and our bylaws provide that any action required or
permitted to be taken by our shareholders at an annual meeting or special
meeting of shareholders may only be taken if it is properly brought before
such
meeting and may not be taken by written action in lieu of a meeting. Our
articles of incorporation and our bylaws also provide that, except as otherwise
required by law, special meetings of the shareholders can only be called by
our
chairman of the board, our president or chief executive officer or our board
of
directors. In addition, our bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for
shareholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of shareholders,
including proposed nominations of candidates for election to the board of
directors. Shareholders at an annual meeting may only consider proposals or
nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting
by
or at the direction of the board of directors, or by a shareholder of record
on
the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and
who
has delivered timely written notice in proper form to our secretary of the
shareholder’s intention to bring such business before the meeting. These
provisions could have the effect of delaying until the next shareholder meeting
shareholder actions that are favored by the holders of a majority of our
outstanding voting securities. These provisions also could discourage a third
party from making a tender offer for our common stock, because even if it
acquired a majority of our outstanding voting stock, it would be able to take
action as a shareholder, such as electing new directors or approving a merger,
only at a duly called shareholders meeting and not by written consent.
Transfer
Agent and Registrar
The
transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be
_______________.
Over-the-Counter
Bulletin Board
We
intend
to apply for approval for our shares of common stock to be traded on the
Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “__________.”
Prior
to
this distribution and offering, there has been no market for our common stock,
and a liquid trading market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained
after this distribution and offering. Future sales of substantial amounts of
our
common stock in the public market, including shares issued upon exercise of
outstanding options or in the public market after this distribution and
offering, or the anticipation of these sales, could adversely affect market
prices prevailing from time to time and could impair our ability to raise
capital through sales of equity securities.
Upon
the
closing of this offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of 12,541,273
shares of common stock, after giving effect to the distribution of an aggregate
of 600,000 shares of common stock in the distribution of such
shares to the UCM .
Rule 144
In
general, under Rule 144, beginning 90 days after the date of this
prospectus, a person who is not our affiliate and has not been our affiliate
at
any time during the preceding three months will be entitled to sell any shares
of our common stock that such person has beneficially owned for at least six
months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our
affiliates, without regard to volume limitations. Sales of our common stock
by
any such person would be subject to the availability of current public
information about us if the shares to be sold were beneficially owned by such
person for less than one year.
In
general, under Rule 144, a person may sell shares of our common stock
acquired pursuant to this prospectus immediately upon the distribution or
purchase of such shares, without regard to volume limitations or the
availability of public information about us, if
the
person is not our affiliate and has not been our affiliate at any time during
the preceding three months.
Beginning
90 days after the date of this prospectus, our affiliates who have
beneficially owned shares of our common stock for at least six months, including
the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, would
be
entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does
not
exceed the greater of:
·
|
1%
of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding, which
will
equal approximately 125,412 shares immediately after this
offering; and
|
·
|
the
average weekly trading volume in our common stock on the OTC Bulletin
Board or other national securities exchange during the four calendar
weeks
preceding the date of filing of a Notice of Proposed Sale of Securities
Pursuant to Rule 144 with respect to the sale.
|
Sales
under Rule 144 by our affiliates are also subject to manner of sale
provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public
information about us.
Rule 701
In
general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act, any of our employees,
consultants or advisors who purchased shares from us in connection with a
qualified compensatory stock plan or other written agreement is eligible to
resell these shares 90 days after the date of this prospectus in reliance
on Rule 144, but without compliance with the various restrictions,
including the availability of public information about us, holding period and
volume limitations, contained in Rule 144.
LEGAL
MATTERS
The
validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby is being passed upon
for
us by Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Atlanta, Georgia.
The financial
statements as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and for each of the two years
in the period ended December 31, 2007, and the period from February 2, 2000
(date of inception) to December 31, 2007 included in this Prospectus have
been audited by Tauber & Balser P.C., an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein and are included
in
reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts
in
accounting and auditing.
On
November 1, 2008,
Tauber
& Balser P.C. combined with Habif, Avogeti & Wynne,
LLP.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We
have
filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the
Securities Act with respect to the shares of common stock that are being
distributed and offered for resale. This prospectus, which constitutes part
of
the registration statement, does not include all of the information contained
in
the registration statement and the exhibits, schedules and amendments to the
registration statement. For further information with respect to us and our
common stock, we refer you to the registration statement and to the exhibits
and
schedules to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus
about the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are not
necessarily complete, and, in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the
contract, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this
reference.
You
may
read and copy the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part
at
the SEC’s public reference room, which is located at 100 F Street,
N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. You can request copies of the
registration statement by writing to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying
cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the
operation of the SEC’s public reference room. In addition, the SEC maintains an
Internet website, which is located at http://www.sec.gov, that contains reports,
proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that
file electronically with the SEC. You may access the registration statement
of
which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s Internet website. Upon completion
of this offering, we will be subject to the information reporting requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and we will file reports, proxy
statements and other information with the SEC.
This
prospectus includes statistical data that were obtained from industry
publications. These industry publications generally indicate that the authors
of
these publications have obtained information from sources believed to be
reliable but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of their
information. While we believe these industry publications to be reliable, we
have not independently verified their data.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
|
|
PAGE
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUDITED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
|
|
F-3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE
SHEETS AT DECEMBER 31, 2007 AND 2006
|
|
F-4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
AND
2006 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION)
|
|
|
|
|
TO
DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
F-5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED
|
|
|
|
|
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000
|
|
|
|
|
(INCEPTION)
TO DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
F-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
AND
2006 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION)
TO
|
|
|
|
|
DECEMBER
31, 2007
|
|
F-7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
F-8-20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UNAUDITED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE
SHEETS AT JUNE 30, 2008 AND DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
F-21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS
|
|
|
|
|
ENDED
JUNE 30, 2008 AND 2007 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM
|
|
|
|
|
FEBRUARY
2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO JUNE 30, 2008
|
|
F-22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE SIX MONTHS
|
|
|
|
|
ENDED
JUNE 30, 2008 AND 2007 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM
|
|
|
|
|
FEBRUARY
2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO JUNE 30, 2008
|
|
F-23-24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED
|
|
|
|
|
JUNE
30, 2008 AND 2007 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000
|
|
|
|
|
(INCEPTION)
TO JUNE 30, 2008
|
|
F-25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-26-35
|
|
Report
of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The
Board
of Directors and Stockholders
Vystar
Corporation
We
have
audited the accompanying balance sheets of Vystar Corporation (a development
stage company) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the
related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the
years then ended and for the period from February 2, 2000 (date of inception)
to
December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we
plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over
financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control
over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining,
on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide
a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our
opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Vystar Corporation as of December
31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for
the
years then ended and for the period from February 2, 2000 (date of inception)
to
December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in
the United States of America.
As
discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements, the Company adopted Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, effective
January 1, 2006.
/s/
Tauber & Balser, P.C.
Atlanta,
Georgia
September
15, 2008
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
BALANCE
SHEETS
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
573,177
|
|
$
|
419,738
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
23,078
|
|
|
10,622
|
|
Other
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
921
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
651,255
|
|
|
436,281
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROPERTY
AND EQUIPMENT, NET
|
|
|
14,915
|
|
|
21,518
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party, net of current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
portion
shown above and allowance for uncollectible amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of
$120,205 at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
80,204
|
|
|
240,409
|
|
Patents,
net
|
|
|
42,147
|
|
|
31,729
|
|
Other
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
ASSETS
|
|
$
|
794,408
|
|
$
|
735,824
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
$
|
16,913
|
|
$
|
2,217
|
|
Accounts
payable - related party
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
150,654
|
|
|
222,507
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
204,020
|
|
|
261,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LONG-TERM
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
15,730
|
|
|
17,438
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
219,750
|
|
|
278,615
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred
stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
none
issued and outstanding
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,148,320
and 13,760,295 shares issued and outstanding at
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
|
|
|
1,515
|
|
|
1,377
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
4,699,545
|
|
|
3,342,600
|
|
Deficit
accumulated during development stage
|
|
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
574,658
|
|
|
457,209
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
$
|
794,408
|
|
$
|
735,824
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period From February 2,
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
Year
Ended
|
|
2000 (Inception) To
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
NET
SALES
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COST
AND EXPENSE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
427,530
|
|
|
304,680
|
|
|
1,715,550
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
712,315
|
|
|
767,406
|
|
|
2,296,852
|
|
|
|
|
1,139,845
|
|
|
1,072,086
|
|
|
4,012,402
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOSS
FROM OPERATIONS
|
|
|
(1,139,845
|
)
|
|
(1,072,086
|
)
|
|
(4,012,402
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
INCOME (EXPENSE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
20,416
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
20,416
|
|
Provision
for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
(120,205
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(120,205
|
)
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(13,400
|
)
|
|
(13,400
|
)
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(811
|
)
|
|
(811
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
LOSS
|
|
$
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
$
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
$
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss per Share
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Weighted Average Number of Common
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
Outstanding
|
|
|
14,495,395
|
|
|
13,185,270
|
|
|
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
|
During
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
of
|
|
Common
|
|
Paid
in
|
|
Subscription
|
|
Development
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Stock
|
|
Capital
|
|
Receivable
|
|
Stage
|
|
Total
|
|
Beginning
Balance, 2/2/00 (Inception)
|
|
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founder of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
25,311
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/00
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
25,061
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,808
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/01
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
29,869
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(30,119
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,275
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,275
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/02
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
34,144
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock cancelled at merger of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
(2,500,000
|
)
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
250
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founders of Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
3,817
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/03
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
38,211
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
founders' shares of common stock issued
|
|
|
8,475,000
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
(847
|
)
|
|
4,100
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during
2004,
net of issuance costs of $74,833
|
|
|
692,000
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
617,098
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
607,167
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2004
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/04
|
|
|
11,992,000
|
|
|
1,199
|
|
|
660,330
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
(534,548
|
)
|
|
116,981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during
Jan
2005, net of issuance costs of $3,900
|
|
|
78,000
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
74,092
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
84,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share during
2005,
net of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash
|
|
|
795,674
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
1,112,173
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,112,253
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/05
|
|
|
12,865,674
|
|
|
1,287
|
|
|
1,929,587
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,800,471
|
)
|
|
130,403
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share
during 2006, net of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
issuance
costs of $82,643 cash and $8,404 non-cash
|
|
|
823,131
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
1,143,569
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,143,651
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
19,000
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
9,498
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
9,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during September, 2006, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during October, 2006, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
5,999
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during December, 2006, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
36,486
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
Shared-based
compensation to employees vested during 2006
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2006
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/06
|
|
|
13,760,295
|
|
|
1,377
|
|
|
3,342,600
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
|
457,209
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share
during 2007, net of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
issuance
costs of $61,911 cash and $9,648 non-cash
|
|
|
597,501
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
824,632
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
824,692
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
757,399
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
379,374
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
379,450
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during January, 2007, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during February, 2007, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during March, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
14,199
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during April, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
9,924
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Shared-based
compensation to employees vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/07
|
|
|
15,148,320
|
|
$
|
1,515
|
|
$
|
4,699,545
|
|
|
-$
|
|
$
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
$
|
574,658
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period
From February 2
|
|
|
|
Year
Ended
|
|
Year
Ended
|
|
2000
(Inception)
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2007
|
|
December
31, 2006
|
|
To
December 31, 2007
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(1,239,634)
|
|
$
|
(1,086,297)
|
|
$
|
(4,126,402)
|
|
Adjustment
to reconcile net loss to net cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
used
in operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
|
|
152,936
|
|
|
259,945
|
|
|
501,744
|
|
Provision
on related party note receivable
|
|
|
120,205
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
120,205
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
6,603
|
|
|
5,952
|
|
|
16,143
|
|
Amortization
|
|
|
2,384
|
|
|
2,090
|
|
|
5,861
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
13,400
|
|
|
13,400
|
|
(Increase)
decrease in assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
(12,456
|
)
|
|
(6,807
|
)
|
|
(23,078
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
(14,079
|
)
|
|
2,286
|
|
|
(20,888
|
)
|
Increase
(decrease) in liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
|
14,696
|
|
|
(97,795
|
)
|
|
16,914
|
|
Accounts
payable - related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
31,196
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
(71,851
|
)
|
|
108,294
|
|
|
150,654
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(1,708
|
)
|
|
6,463
|
|
|
50,124
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(1,042,904
|
)
|
|
(761,273
|
)
|
|
(3,258,870
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advances
to related party - note receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(12,981
|
)
|
|
(257,908
|
)
|
Proceeds
on related party note receivable
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
17,500
|
|
Cost
of patents
|
|
|
(12,802
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(48,008
|
)
|
Purchase
of equipment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(2,028
|
)
|
|
(44,458
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(7,802
|
)
|
|
(2,509
|
)
|
|
(332,874
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance
of common stock, net of issuance costs of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$71,559,
$91,047 and $322,596 for the periods ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2007, December 31, 2006 and from
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inception
to December 31, 2007, respectively
|
|
|
1,204,145
|
|
|
1,153,156
|
|
|
4,164,921
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
1,204,145
|
|
|
1,153,156
|
|
|
4,164,921
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
INCREASE IN CASH
|
|
|
153,439
|
|
|
389,374
|
|
|
573,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
-BEGINNING OF PERIOD
|
|
|
419,738
|
|
|
30,364
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
-END OF PERIOD
|
|
$
|
573,177
|
|
$
|
419,738
|
|
$
|
573,177
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
History
and Nature of Business
Vystar
Corporation (“Vystar” or the “Company”) is the creator and exclusive owner of
the innovative technology to produce Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL"). This
technology reduces antigenic protein in natural rubber latex products made
with
Vytex NRL to virtually undetectable levels. Vystar intends to introduce Vytex
NRL, its new “low protein” natural rubber latex, throughout the worldwide
marketplace that uses NRL or latex substitutes as a component of manufactured
products
.
Natural
rubber latex is used in an extensive range of products including balloons,
textiles, footwear and clothing (threads), adhesives, foams, furniture, carpet,
paints, coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment, and, especially
health care products such as condoms, surgical and exam gloves. The Company
plans to produce Vytex™ through toll manufacturing agreements and/or licensing
arrangements and intends to introduce Vytex NRL into the supply channels with
aggressive, targeted marketing campaigns directed to the end users.
Vystar
LLC, the predecessor to the Company, was formed February 2, 2000, as a Georgia
limited liability company by Travis W. Honeycutt. The Company’s operations under
the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research, development and
testing of the Vytex NRL process, as well as attaining intellectual property
rights. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar Corporation, a Georgia
Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities of the limited liability
company became assets and liabilities of Vystar Corporation, including all
intellectual property rights, patents and trademarks.
Development
Stage
Since
inception as Vystar LLC on February 2, 2000, the Company’s activities have been
devoted primarily to the development of the NRL and the raising of capital.
Vystar Corporation is considered a development stage company as defined in
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 7.
Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and accompanying disclosures. Although these estimates are based
on
management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may
undertake in the future, actual results could differ from these estimates.
Concentration
of Credit Risk
Certain
financial instruments potentially subject the Company to concentrations of
credit risk. These financial instruments consist primarily of cash and, as
discussed in Note 9, an unsecured related party note receivable. Cash deposits
generally are in excess of the FDIC insurance limits.
Property
and Equipment
Property
and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is provided by the use of the
straight-line and accelerated methods for financial and tax reporting purposes
over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 5 years.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Patents
Patents
are carried at cost and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their
estimated useful lives, or 20 years.
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
The
Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, note receivable due from
related party, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying values of
cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because
of
their short maturities. The Company is not able to estimate the fair value
of
its related party receivable because of the financial circumstances of the
related party and its related party aspects.
Income
Taxes
The
Company follows Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109,
“Accounting for Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to
financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets
and liabilities are computed annually for temporary differences between the
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for net
operating loss carryforwards that will result in taxable or deductible amounts
in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods
in
which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation
allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to
the
amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or
refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred
tax assets and liabilities.
Loss
Per Share
The
Company follows SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share,” resulting in the
presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Because the Company
reported a net loss in 2007 and 2006, common stock equivalents, including stock
options and warrants, were anti-dilutive; therefore, the amounts reported for
basic and dilutive loss per share were the same. Excluded from the computation
of diluted loss per share were options to purchase 1,162,667 shares and 841,333
shares of common stock for 2007 and 2006, respectively, as their effect would
be
anti-dilutive. Warrants to purchase 627,725 shares and 792,664 shares of common
stock for 2007 and 2006, respectively, were also excluded from the computation
of diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Research
and Development Costs
Research
and development costs are expensed when incurred. Research and development
costs
include all costs incurred related to the research, development, and testing
of
the Company’s process to produce Vytex NRL.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Recently
Issued Pronouncements
In
June
2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation
No. 48 (“FIN 48”),
Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
.
FIN 48
prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition,
measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in an
enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement
No. 109,
Accounting
for Income Taxes
.
Tax
positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the
effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of FIN 48 and in subsequent
periods. FIN 48 will be effective for the Company at the beginning of the annual
period ending December 31, 2008. The provisions of FIN 48 will be applied to
all
tax positions under Statement No. 109 upon initial adoption. The cumulative
effect of applying the provisions of this interpretation will be reported as
an
adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for that fiscal year.
We
are presently evaluating whether the adoption of this interpretation will have
a
material impact on our financial statements.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair
Value Measurements
.
SFAS
No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands
disclosures about fair value measurements. The changes to current practice
resulting from the application of SFAS No. 157 relate to the definition of
fair
value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures
about
fair value measurement. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The
Company does not believe that the adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 157
will materially impact the amounts reported in the financial statements.
However, additional disclosures will be required about the inputs used to
develop the measurements of fair value and the effect of certain measurements
reported in the Statement of Operations.
On
February 15, 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued
SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.
SFAS No. 159 permits many financial instruments and certain other items to
be measured at fair value at our option. Most of the provisions in SFAS No.
159 are elective; however, the amendment to SFAS No. 115, “Accounting
for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” applies to all entities
with available-for-sale and trading securities. The fair value option
established by SFAS No. 159 permits the choice to measure eligible items at
fair value at specified election dates. Unrealized gains and losses on items
for
which the fair value option has been elected will be reported in earnings at
each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option: (a) may be applied
instrument by instrument, with a few exceptions, such as investments otherwise
accounted for by the equity method; (b) is irrevocable (unless a new
election date occurs); and (c) is applied only to entire instruments and
not to portions of instruments. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial
statements issued for the first fiscal year beginning after November 15,
2007. Early adoption is permitted provided that the choice is made in the first
120 days of that fiscal year and SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value
Measurements” is also adopted. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any,
that this new standard will have on our results of operations, financial
position or cash flows.
On
December 4, 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R,
Business
Combinations
.
SFAS
No. 141R requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize
all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, establishes the acquisition
date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and
liabilities assumed, and requires the acquirer to expand disclosures about
the
nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R is
effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or
after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after
December 15, 2008. Since the standard is
generally
applicable only for acquisitions completed in the future, we are unable to
determine the effect this standard would have on the accounting for such
acquisitions.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
2 – OPERATIONS
The
Company's financial statements are prepared using the accrual method of
accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America and have been prepared on a going concern basis, which
contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in
the
normal course of business. The Company has incurred significant losses and
experienced negative cash flow since its inception. Further, at December 31,
2007, the deficit accumulated during the development stage amounted to
approximately $4,126,000.
The
Company is still in the development stage at December 31, 2007. During 2007,
the
Company received approximately $1,204,000, net of issuance costs, through the
issuance of 597,501 shares of common stock and exercise of warrants. The Company
plans to continue raising funds during 2008 through the sale of its common
stock
in private placements, generating sufficient liquidity to maintain operations
until sustained revenue generation occurs. As of September 15, 2008, the Company
has raised $1,425,000 and issued 712,500 shares of common stock through a
private placement (Note 10). The Company’s product development is proceeding on
schedule and management expects to initiate revenue generation no later than
the
first quarter of 2009. Successful completion of the Company’s development
program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations are dependent
upon future events, including obtaining adequate equity investment to fulfill
its development activities. The Company is in the process of adding qualified
directors and employees to help meet their goals. Management believes the
current business plan is attractive enough to investors to raise the necessary
capital and this source of funds, in addition to current liquid assets, will
allow the Company to continue as a going concern through 2008.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
3 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property
and equipment consists of the following at December 31, 2007 and
2006:
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
15,111
|
|
|
15,111
|
|
|
|
|
30,458
|
|
|
30,458
|
|
Less
accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
15,543
|
|
|
8,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
14,915
|
|
$
|
21,518
|
|
Depreciation
expense for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $6,603 and $5,952,
respectively.
NOTE
4 – PATENTS
Patents
represent legal and other fees associated with the registration of patents.
The
Company has two patents and had a third pending approval by the United States
Patent and Trade Office. They are recorded net of accumulated amortization
of
$5,861 and $3,477 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Amortization
expense for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $2,384 and $2,090,
respectively.
NOTE
5 – COMMITMENTS
The
Company is obligated under operating leases for its corporate office and office
equipment expiring through December 31, 2010.
Aggregate
minimum future lease payments are as follows:
Years
Ending
|
|
|
|
December
31
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
59,362
|
|
2009
|
|
|
61,068
|
|
2010
|
|
|
67,953
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
188,383
|
|
Rent
expense approximating $56,000 is included in general and administrative expenses
for both of the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
6 – INCOME TAXES
Differences
between the income tax benefit for 2007 and 2006 and the amount determined
by
applying the statutory federal income tax rate (34%) to the loss before income
taxes were as follows:
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
Statutory
rate
|
|
|
(34.0
|
)%
|
|
(34.0
|
)%
|
State
income taxes, net of federal deduction
|
|
|
(6.0
|
)
|
|
(6.0
|
)
|
Valuation
allowance
|
|
|
40.0
|
|
|
40.0
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
%
|
|
-
|
%
|
Significant
components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows:
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
operating loss carryforwards
|
|
$
|
1,368,000
|
|
$
|
965,000
|
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
157,000
|
|
|
113,000
|
|
Other
|
|
|
109,000
|
|
|
61,000
|
|
Net
deferred tax asset before valuation allowance
|
|
|
1,634,000
|
|
|
1,139,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation
allowance
|
|
|
(1,634,000
|
)
|
|
(1,139,000
|
)
|
Net
deferred tax asset
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Deferred
income taxes result from the net tax effects of temporary differences between
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes
and the amounts used for income tax purposes and for net operating loss
carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets
for
which it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized. The
ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependant upon the generation
of
future taxable income during the periods in which the net operating losses
and
temporary differences become deductible. The change in the total valuation
allowance for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was an increase of
$495,000 and $434,000, respectively.
As
of
December 31, 2007, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $3,420,000, expiring through the year ending December 31, 2027.
This amount can be used to offset future taxable income of the
Company.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common
Stock and Warrants
The
Company’s predecessor company, Vystar LLC, issued 2,500,000 shares of its common
stock at inception in February 2000 to its founder. These shares were cancelled
and re-issued by Vystar Corporation at merger in December 2003. Also during
2003, Vystar Corporation issued 325,000 shares to its remaining founders for
$4,100. During 2004, the Company issued an additional 8,475,000 shares to its
founders in order to adjust the number of issued and outstanding shares at
that
time.
During
the period from November 2004 through January 13, 2005, the Company issued
770,000 shares of its common stock in a private placement for proceeds of
$691,267, net of issuance costs of $78,733.
The
private placement memorandum was amended on December 28, 2004. Under the terms
of the amendment and subsequent revisions on April 10, 2006 and September 25,
2006, the Company issued 795,674 shares in 2005 for proceeds of $1,112,253,
net
of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash; 813,131 shares in 2006
for proceeds of $1,143,651, net of issuance costs of $82,643 cash and $8,404
non-cash; 597,501 shares in 2007 for proceeds of $824,692, net of issuance
costs
of $61,911 cash and $9,648 non-cash and 5,000 shares in 2008 for proceeds of
$7,500 prior to its closing in April 2008. All of the shares issued were common
stock. Terms of the memorandum included issuing warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 1,308,965 shares of common stock at $.50 per share. During 2007
and
2006 755,899 shares and 19,000 shares, respectively, were purchased through
the
exercise of the warrants. The remaining warrants outstanding at December 31,
2007 of 449,167 expire during 2008.
During
2005 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 17,300 shares of
common stock at an exercise price of $.50 in exchange for services rendered
with
the private placement, valued at $9,451. The warrants are exercisable until
January 2010 and vested immediately.
During
2006 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 36,233 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $1.50 per share in
exchange for services rendered, valued at $11,499. The warrants are exercisable
for periods ranging from 2011 to 2016 and vested immediately.
During
2006 the Company issued 52,490 shares of common stock for services rendered
valued at $52,490.
During
2007 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 126,525 shares
of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $.50 to $1.50 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $34,320. The warrants are exercisable for periods
ranging from 2009 through 2017 and vested immediately.
During
2007 the Company issued 33,125 shares of common stock for professional services
valued at $33,125.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE 8
– STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In
December 2004 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS 123
(revised 2004),
Share-Based
Payment
(“SFAS
123(R)”). SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25,
Accounting
for Stock Issued to Employees
,
and
amends SFAS No. 95,
Statement
of Cash Flows
.
Generally, the approach in SFAS 123(R) is similar to the approach described
in
SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires share-based payments to employees,
including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income
statement based on their fair values at the date of grant. Pro forma disclosure
is no longer an alternative.
On
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective
method as permitted under SFAS 123(R). Under this transition method,
compensation cost recognized during 2006 includes compensation cost for all
share-based payments granted prior to but not yet vested as of December 31,
2005, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS 123. In accordance with the modified prospective method
of
adoption, the Company’s results of operations and financial position for prior
periods have not been restated.
The
Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant-date
fair value of an award granted during 2006 and 2007. The following assumptions
were used:
·
|
Expected
Dividend Yield – because the Company does not currently pay
dividends, the expected dividend yield is
zero;
|
·
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price – because the Company is not publicly
traded, the expected volatility of similar public entities (including
companies engaged in the manufacture and/or distribution of medical,
surgical, and healthcare supplies) was considered with expected volatility
ranging from 22.07% - 39.25%;
|
·
|
Risk-free
Interest Rate – reflects the average rate on a United States Treasury
bond with maturity equal to the expected term of the option, ranging
from
3.45 - 4.92%; and
|
·
|
Expected
Life of Awards – because the Company is still in the development
stage and has had minimal experience with the exercise of options
or
warrants for use in determining the expected life for each award,
the
simplified method was used to calculate an expected life based on
the
midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual
term of
the stock award.
|
The
Company recorded approximately $111,000 and $202,000 of stock-based compensation
expense for the years ended December 31 2007 and 2006, respectively, related
to
employee stock options and stock warrants issued to board members. Of this,
approximately $85,000 and $196,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and
2006, respectively, was attributable to the fair value of shares vested during
those periods. As of December 31, 2007, approximately $10,061 of unrecognized
compensation expense related to non-vested share-based awards remains to be
recognized over a weighted average period of 1 year.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Stock
Options
During
2004, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a stock option plan (the
“Plan”) and authorized up to 4,000,000 shares to be issued under the Plan. At
December 31, 2007, there were 2,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for
issuance under the Plan. On February 2, 2008, the Board of Directors increased
the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan to the 4,000,000
shares. The Plan is intended to permit stock options granted to employees to
qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (“Incentive Stock Options”). All options granted under
the Plan that are not intended to qualify as Incentive Stock Options are deemed
to be non-qualified options. During 2007 options for 100,000 shares were issued
under the Plan.
The
weighted-average assumptions used in the option pricing model for stock option
grants were as follows:
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
Expected
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price
|
|
|
23.32
|
%
|
|
24.44
|
%
|
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
|
|
|
4.68
|
%
|
|
4.59
|
%
|
Expected
Life of Stock Awards - Years
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
5
|
|
Weighted
Average Fair Value at Grant Date
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
$
|
0.31
|
|
The
following tables summarize all stock option activity of the Company for the
years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
|
|
Number of
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Exercise Price
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
600,000
|
|
$
|
1.30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
$
|
1.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
$
|
1.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,128,000
|
|
$
|
1.05
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Stock
Options (continued)
|
|
Number of
|
|
Weighted Average Remaining
|
|
Range of
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Contractual Life (Years)
|
|
Exercise Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
600,000
|
|
|
9.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
|
9.75
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
|
8.85
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
9.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
|
7.94
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,128,000
|
|
|
7.97
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants
Warrants
are issued to third parties as payment for services and in conjunction with
the
issuance of common stock. The fair value of each common stock warrant issued
for
services is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used for warrants
granted in 2007 and 2006:
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
Expected
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price
|
|
|
23.59
|
%
|
|
26.17
|
%
|
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
|
|
|
4.35
|
%
|
|
4.34
|
%
|
Expected
Life of Awards
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
5
|
|
The
following table represents the Company’s warrant activity for the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2006:
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Issuance or
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
Weighted Average Remaining
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
Grant Date Fair Value
|
|
Exercise Price
|
|
Contractual Life (Years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
17,300
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
4.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
in private placement
|
|
|
758,131
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
36,233
|
|
$
|
0.53
|
|
$
|
0.99
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(19,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
792,664
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.52
|
|
|
7.53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
in private placement
|
|
|
550,834
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
126,525
|
|
$
|
0.36
|
|
$
|
1.01
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(757,399
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(84,899
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
627,725
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.01
|
|
|
7.38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
627,725
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.01
|
|
|
7.38
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Warrants
(continued)
All
warrants issued were fully vested within the calendar year in which they were
granted. Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company issued warrants to purchase
shares of the Company’s common stock to an unrelated consultant for services
rendered. The warrants were issued at an exercise price of $.50 per share,
exercisable over a 5 year period and vested immediately. The fair value of
the
warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the Black-Scholes
option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield
of
0, 29.93% stock volatility, 3.36% risk-free interest rate, and a 2.5 year
expected life of the award. The fair value of $9,451 was recorded as a cost
of
raising capital when vesting occurred.
The
Company issued warrants for services during 2007 at exercise prices ranging
from
$.50 to $1.50 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from two to ten years.
All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair value of the warrants was
calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option
pricing model and assumptions detailed above. The total amount of the fair
value
($25,875 expense and $8,448 cost of raising capital) was recorded when vesting
occurred.
During
2006 the Company issued warrants for services rendered at exercise prices
ranging from $1.00 to $1.50 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from
five to ten years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair value of
the
warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the Black-Scholes
option pricing model and assumptions as detailed above. The total amount of
the
fair value ($6,095 expense and $5,403 cost of raising capital) was recorded
when
vesting occurred.
NOTE
9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During
2005 and 2004 rent expense in the amount of $40,000 and $12,000, respectively,
was paid to the Company’s former CEO, Travis Honeycutt.
During
the three years ended December 31, 2006, the Company made payments to Reactive
Energy, LLC, a company wholly owned by the Company’s former CEO, for management
fees and contract services, including office reimbursements. Rent for 2005
was
also paid to Reactive Energy, LLC. The expenses incurred during this period
were:
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management
fees and contract services
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
455,811
|
|
$
|
125,633
|
|
Research
& development expenses
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
Technical
services
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
|
179,500
|
|
|
34,373
|
|
Office
expenses
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
43,500
|
|
|
3,000
|
|
Rent
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
8,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
$
|
60,000
|
|
$
|
686,811
|
|
$
|
413,006
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, there was a balance due Reactive Energy, LLC of
$36,453.
During
2006 and 2005, the Company advanced cash and made payments on behalf of Climax
Global Energy, Inc. (“Climax”), a company controlled by the Company’s former
CEO, in the amounts of $12,795 and $242,654, respectively. At December 31,
2007
and 2006, the balance due from Climax was $240,409 and $245,409, respectively.
Climax is in a pre-revenue, research and development mode and is in the process
of raising capital through a private placement memorandum. The Company expects
to be reimbursed in full for the balance, which is unsecured, but due to the
uncertainty involved, management has elected to reserve at December 31, 2007
approximately $120,000 of the balance due from Climax. As such, the Company
has
recorded a corresponding charge in 2007 of approximately $120,000 in its
statement of operations. In August 2008, the Company entered into a note
agreement with Climax which specified the repayment terms of the note (Note
10).
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company has accrued back-pay to the Company’s
former CEO in the amount of $54,946. In July 2008, the former CEO entered into
an agreement with the Company foregoing any claims to this back-pay if the
Climax receivable is not satisfied in full by December 31, 2008.
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company also has accrued severance of $81,250
payable to the Company’s former CFO, Glen Smotherman. Mr. Smotherman has agreed
to payment of this liability beginning at the earlier of payment in full of
the
Climax receivable or the Company’s achievement of specific sales goals. When
payment begins, the liability will be satisfied in 24 equal monthly
payments.
NOTE
10 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On
January 31, 2008, the Company entered into a management agreement with Universal
Capital Management, Inc. ("UCM"), whereby UCM will provide management services,
including assistance with strategic planning, investment banking consultation
and investor introduction services, and investor relations services. Pursuant
to
the terms of this agreement, the Company issued UCM warrants, valued at
approximately $1,491,000, to purchase 1,000,000 shares of its common stock
at an
exercise price of $0.01. These warrants are exercisable in whole or in part
at
or before January 31, 2013 and vested immediately.
During
February 2008, the Company’s former CEO surrendered 4,900,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock issued to him during 2004. These shares were cancelled
and returned to the Company for future re-issue, eliminating the need to
increase the Company’s number of authorized shares.
The
Company granted share-based compensation in the form of 2,000,000 stock options
and 200,000 stock options during February 2008 and April 2008, respectively,
to
three key employees. The shares issued during February are exercisable at $1.00
per share, expire February 2018, are valued at approximately $1,340,000 and
vest
immediately. The options issued during April are also exercisable at $1.00
per
share, expire April 2018, are valued at approximately $147,000 and vest over
a
period of four years from the grant date.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
10 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (CONTINUED)
On
March
21, 2008, Travis Honeycutt, founding CEO, retired from the Company.
On
April
30, 2008, the Company entered into an additional management agreement with
UCM
pursuant to which UCM agreed to provide management services, including
day-to-day managerial. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, UCM was issued
warrants, valued at approximately $55,000, to purchase 500,000 shares of the
Company's common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share. The warrants
are
exercisable in whole or in part at or before April 30, 2013 and vested
immediately. In the event that the Company elects to extend the management
agreement for an additional one year term beyond the first year of the
agreement, the Company has agreed to issue additional warrants to purchase
500,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per
share.
In
April
2008, the Company added a director to its Board of Directors. At June 30, 2008
the Company’s two Board members received warrants, valued at approximately
$16,000, to purchase 20,000 shares, each, of the Company’s common stock with an
exercise price of $1.00. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at
or
before June 30, 2018 and vested immediately.
On
April
11, 2008, the Company signed an agreement with Revertex (Malaysia) for the
production of Vytex NRL. Revertex will be a non-exclusive, toll manufacturer
for
Vystar and is in full production mode to manufacture Vytex NRL commercially.
Vystar ran its first production February 2, 2008 for use as samples in
manufacturers’ trials.
On
May 5,
2008, the Company initiated an equity raise through a private placement
projected at $3,000,000 at completion, through an issuance of 1,500,000 shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional 750,000 shares of common
stock at $1.00 per share. As of September 15, 2008 the Company has received
$1,425,000 and issued 712,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase
an
additional 356,250 shares of common stock.
On
August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with Climax which specified
the
payment terms of the note receivable discussed in Note 9. The significant terms
were established as follows: (A) the note is non-interest bearing, (B) a $25,000
payment will be made on or before September 30, 2008, and (C) equal monthly
payments of $5,000 will commence in October 2008. In the event that Climax
attains certain financial thresholds as specified in the agreement, receives
new
third party equity funding exceeding $20 million on a cumulative basis or Climax
is sold or completes an initial public offering, the remaining amount due shall
become payable thirty days following the end of the calendar year in which
the
event occurred. In any event, the note shall be due and payable in full no
later
than January 31, 2010.
On
August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with UCM whereby UCM agreed
to
assist the Company in registering its shares publicly, as well as provide
management assistance with certain responsibilities unique to a publicly
held
entity. In consideration for these services, the Company has agreed to issue
600,000 shares of its common stock, contingent upon the Company’s registration
statement becoming effective, on or about the effective date of the registration
statement. These shares have been initially valued at $978,000, which will
be
recognized ratably as an expense over a service period estimated to continue
through February 2009.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
BALANCE
SHEETS
|
|
June
30, 2008
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
798,983
|
|
$
|
573,177
|
|
Short-term
investment
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party
|
|
|
72,460
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
101,157
|
|
|
23,078
|
|
Other
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
1,487,600
|
|
|
651,255
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROPERTY
AND EQUIPMENT, NET
|
|
|
19,650
|
|
|
14,915
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party, net of current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
portion
shown above and allowance for uncollectible amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of
$120,205 at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007
|
|
|
47,744
|
|
|
80,204
|
|
Patents,
net
|
|
|
56,467
|
|
|
42,147
|
|
Other
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
ASSETS
|
|
$
|
1,617,348
|
|
$
|
794,408
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
$
|
86,629
|
|
$
|
16,913
|
|
Accounts
payable - related party
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
192,229
|
|
|
150,654
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
315,311
|
|
|
204,020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LONG-TERM
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
14,466
|
|
|
15,730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
329,777
|
|
|
219,750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred
stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
none
issued and outstanding
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,291,274
and 15,148,320 shares issued and outstanding at
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June
30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
|
|
|
1,129
|
|
|
1,515
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
8,972,557
|
|
|
4,699,545
|
|
Stock
subscription receivable
|
|
|
(20,500
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Deferred
compensation
|
|
|
(45,958
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Deficit
accumulated during development stage
|
|
|
(7,619,657
|
)
|
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
1,287,571
|
|
|
574,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
$
|
1,617,348
|
|
$
|
794,408
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from February
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
2, 2000 (Inception) to
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
June 30, 2007
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
June 30, 2007
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
SALES
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COST
AND EXPENSE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
63,561
|
|
|
108,512
|
|
|
290,615
|
|
|
237,665
|
|
|
2,006,165
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
847,959
|
|
|
217,044
|
|
|
3,208,884
|
|
|
379,342
|
|
|
5,505,736
|
|
|
|
|
911,520
|
|
|
325,556
|
|
|
3,499,499
|
|
|
617,007
|
|
|
7,511,901
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOSS
FROM OPERATIONS
|
|
|
(911,520
|
)
|
|
(325,556
|
)
|
|
(3,499,499
|
)
|
|
(617,007
|
)
|
|
(7,511,901
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
INCOME (EXPENSE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
2,839
|
|
|
6,600
|
|
|
6,297
|
|
|
7,161
|
|
|
26,713
|
|
Reserve,
note receivable from related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(120,205
|
)
|
Realized
(loss) on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(13,400
|
)
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(811
|
)
|
Other
expense
|
|
|
(53
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(53
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(53
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
LOSS
|
|
$
|
(908,734
|
)
|
$
|
(318,956
|
)
|
$
|
(3,493,255
|
)
|
$
|
(609,846
|
)
|
$
|
(7,619,657
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss per Share
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
$
|
(0.02
|
)
|
$
|
(0.31
|
)
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Weighted Average Number of Common Shares
Outstanding
|
|
|
10,854,300
|
|
|
14,369,300
|
|
|
11,422,106
|
|
|
14,114,072
|
|
|
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
Number of
Shares
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
Additional Paid in
Capital
|
|
Subscription
Receivable
|
|
Deferred
Charges
|
|
Deficit
Accumulated
During
Development
Stage
|
|
Total
|
|
Beginning
Balance, 2/2/00 (Inception)
|
|
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founder of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
25,311
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/00
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
25,061
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,808
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/01
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
29,869
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(30,119
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,275
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,275
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/02
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
34,144
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock cancelled at merger of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
(2,500,000
|
)
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
250
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founders of Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
3,817
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/03
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
38,211
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
founders' shares of common stock issued
|
|
|
8,475,000
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
(847
|
)
|
|
4,100
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during
2004,
net of issuance costs of $74,833
|
|
|
692,000
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
617,098
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
607,167
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2004
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/04
|
|
|
11,992,000
|
|
|
1,199
|
|
|
660,330
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(534,548
|
)
|
|
116,981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during
Jan
2005, net of issuance costs of $3,900
|
|
|
78,000
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
74,092
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
84,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share during
2005,
net of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash
|
|
|
795,674
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
1,112,173
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,112,253
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/05
|
|
|
12,865,674
|
|
|
1,287
|
|
|
1,929,587
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,800,471
|
)
|
|
130,403
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at
$1.50/share
during 2006, net of issuance costs of $82,643 cash and $8,404
non-cash
|
|
|
823,131
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
1,143,569
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,143,651
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
19,000
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
9,498
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
9,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2006, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during September, 2006, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during October, 2006, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
5,999
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during December, 2006, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
36,486
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
Shared-based
compensation to employees vested during 2006
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2006
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/06
|
|
|
13,760,295
|
|
$
|
1,377
|
|
$
|
3,342,600
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
$
|
457,209
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
Number
of
Shares
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
Additional
Paid in
Capital
|
|
Subscription
Receivable
|
|
Deferred
Compensation
|
|
Deficit
Accumulated
during
Development
Stage
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/06
|
|
|
13,760,295
|
|
$
|
1,377
|
|
$
|
3,342,600
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
$
|
457,209
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at
$1.50/share
during 2007, net of issuance costs of $61,911 cash and $9,648
non-cash
|
|
|
597,501
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
824,632
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
824,692
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
757,399
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
379,374
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
379,450
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during January, 2007, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during February, 2007, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during March, 2007, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
14,199
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during April, 2007, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
9,924
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2007, valued
at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Shared-based
compensation to employees vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
|
15,148,320
|
|
|
1,515
|
|
|
4,699,545
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
|
574,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share during
2008,
net of issuance costs of $375 cash
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
7,125
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
7,125
|
|
Contribution
of founder's stock
|
|
|
(4,900,000
|
)
|
|
(490
|
)
|
|
490
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued for services during 2008, net of issuance costs
of $4,080
non-cash
|
|
|
68,787
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
64,700
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
64,707
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $2.00/share during
2008,
net of issuance costs of $107,173
|
|
|
545,000
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
982,772
|
|
|
(20,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
962,827
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants during 2008, net of issuance
costs
of $7,317 cash
|
|
|
424,167
|
|
|
42
|
|
|
205,224
|
|
|
(500
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
204,766
|
|
Shared-based
compensation to employees vested during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,467,006
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,467,006
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2008, net of issuance costs
of $21,916
non-cash
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,545,695
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,545,695
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Amortization
of deferred compensation during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,499,737
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,499,737
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(3,493,255
|
)
|
|
(3,493,255
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, June 30, 2008 (unaudited)
|
|
|
11,291,274
|
|
$
|
1,129$
|
|
$
|
8,972,557
|
|
$
|
(20,500
|
)
|
$
|
(45,958
|
)
|
$
|
(7,619,657
|
)
|
$
|
1,287,571
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period From February 2,
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
2000 (Inception)
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
June 30, 2007
|
|
To June 30, 2008
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(3,493,255
|
)
|
$
|
(609,846
|
)
|
$
|
(7,619,657
|
)
|
Adjustment
to reconcile net loss to net cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
used
in operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
|
|
1,557,709
|
|
|
115,591
|
|
|
2,059,453
|
|
Provision
on related party note receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
120,205
|
|
Amortization
of deferred compensation
|
|
|
1,499,737
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,499,737
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
3,585
|
|
|
3,315
|
|
|
19,717
|
|
Amortization
|
|
|
1,502
|
|
|
1,192
|
|
|
7,363
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
13,411
|
|
(Increase)
decrease in assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
(78,079
|
)
|
|
(25,649
|
)
|
|
(101,158
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(24,079
|
)
|
|
(20,887
|
)
|
Increase
(decrease) in liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
|
69,715
|
|
|
4,354
|
|
|
86,629
|
|
Accounts
payable -related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
41,576
|
|
|
(60,713
|
)
|
|
192,230
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(1,264
|
)
|
|
1,008
|
|
|
48,860
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(398,774
|
)
|
|
(594,827
|
)
|
|
(3,657,644
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase
of short-term investment
|
|
|
(500,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(500,000
|
)
|
Advances
to related party - note receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(257,908
|
)
|
Proceeds
on related party note receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
17,500
|
|
Cost
of patents
|
|
|
(15,822
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(63,830
|
)
|
Purchase
of equipment
|
|
|
(8,320
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(52,778
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash (used in) provided by investing activities
|
|
|
(524,142
|
)
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
(857,016
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance
of common stock, net of issuance costs of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$140,861,
$55,135 and $463,457 for the six months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ended
June 30, 2008, June 30, 2007 and from inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
to
June 30, 2008, respectively
|
|
|
1,148,722
|
|
|
905,148
|
|
|
5,313,643
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
1,148,722
|
|
|
905,148
|
|
|
5,313,643
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
225,806
|
|
|
315,321
|
|
|
798,983
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
- BEGINNING OF PERIOD
|
|
|
573,177
|
|
|
419,738
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
-END OF PERIOD
|
|
$
|
798,983
|
|
$
|
735,059
|
|
$
|
798,983
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
1- BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
History
and Nature of Business
Vystar
Corporation (“Vystar” or the “Company”) is the creator and exclusive owner of
the innovative technology to produce Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL"). This
technology reduces antigenic protein in natural rubber latex products made
with
Vytex NRL to virtually undetectable levels. Vystar intends to introduce
Vytex NRL, its new “low protein” natural rubber latex, throughout the worldwide
marketplace that uses NRL or latex substitutes as a component of manufactured
products. Natural rubber latex is used in an extensive range of products
including balloons, textiles, footwear and clothing (threads), adhesives, foams,
furniture, carpet, paints, coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment,
and, especially health care products such as condoms, surgical and exam gloves.
The Company plans to produce Vytex™ through toll manufacturing agreements and
intends to introduce Vytex NRL into the supply channels with aggressive,
targeted marketing campaigns directed to the end users.
Vystar
LLC, the predecessor to the Company, was formed February 2, 2000, as a Georgia
limited liability company by Travis W. Honeycutt. The Company’s operations under
the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research, development and
testing of the Vytex NRL process, as well as attaining intellectual property
rights. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar Corporation, a Georgia
Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities of the limited liability
company became assets and liabilities of Vystar Corporation, including all
intellectual property rights, patents and trademarks.
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States of America
(“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, certain information and
footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements may be condensed
or
omitted. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with
our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form S-1.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported
in
the financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Although these estimates
are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the
Company may undertake in the future, actual results could differ from these
estimates.
Loss
Per Share
The
Company follows SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share,” resulting in the
presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Because the Company
reported a net loss in 2008 and 2007, common stock equivalents, including stock
options and warrants, were anti-dilutive; therefore, the amounts reported for
basic and dilutive loss per share were the same. Excluded from the computation
of diluted loss per share were options to purchase 3,225,000 shares and
1,162,667 shares of common stock for 2008 and 2007, respectively, as their
effect would be anti-dilutive. Warrants to purchase 2,177,834 shares and 627,725
shares of common stock for 2008 and 2007, respectively, were also excluded
from
the computation of diluted loss per share as their effect would be
anti-dilutive.
Investments
Investments,
consisting of a certificate of deposit, are recorded at market value.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Recently
Issued Pronouncements
In
June
2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation
No. 48 (“FIN 48”),
Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
.
FIN 48
prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition,
measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in an
enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement
No. 109,
Accounting
for Income Taxes
.
Tax
positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the
effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of FIN 48 and in subsequent
periods. FIN 48 will be effective for the Company at the beginning of the annual
period ending December 31, 2008. The provisions of FIN 48 will be applied to
all
tax positions under Statement No. 109 upon initial adoption. The cumulative
effect of applying the provisions of this interpretation will be reported as
an
adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for that fiscal year.
We
are presently evaluating whether the adoption of this interpretation will have
a
material impact on our financial statements.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair
Value Measurements
.
SFAS
No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands
disclosures about fair value measurements. The changes to current practice
resulting from the application of SFAS No. 157 relate to the definition of
fair
value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures
about
fair value measurement. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years.
In
February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS 157-2, Effective Date
of
FASB Statement No. 157, which delayed the effective date of SFAS 157 for all
non-financial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or
disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, until
January 1, 2009. The Company adopted SFAS 157 on January 1,
2008 for all financial assets and liabilities, but the implementation did not
require additional disclosures or have a significant impact on the Company's
financial statements. The Company has not yet determined the impact
the implementation of SFAS 157 will have on the Company’s non-financial assets
and liabilities which are not recognized or disclosed on a recurring
basis. However, the Company does not anticipate that the full
adoption of SFAS 157 will significantly impact their consolidated financial
statements.
On
February 15, 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued
SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”.
SFAS No. 159 permits many financial instruments and certain other items to
be measured at fair value at our option. Most of the provisions in SFAS No.
159 are elective; however, the amendment to SFAS No. 115, “Accounting
for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” applies to all entities
with available-for-sale and trading securities. The fair value option
established by SFAS No. 159 permits the choice to measure eligible items at
fair value at specified election dates. Unrealized gains and losses on items
for
which the fair value option has been elected will be reported in earnings at
each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option: (a) may be applied
instrument by instrument, with a few exceptions, such as investments otherwise
accounted for by the equity method; (b) is irrevocable (unless a new
election date occurs); and (c) is applied only to entire instruments and
not to portions of instruments.
The
Company has adopted SFAS 159 on January 1, 2008 and has elected not to measure
any additional financial assets, liabilities or other items at fair value.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Recently
Issued Pronouncements (Continued)
On
December 4, 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, Business Combinations. SFAS
No.
141R requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize all
the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, establishes the acquisition date
fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities
assumed, and requires the acquirer to expand disclosures about the nature and
financial effect of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R is effective for
business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the
beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December
15, 2008. Since the standard is generally applicable only for acquisitions
completed in the future, we are unable to determine the effect this standard
would have on the accounting for such acquisitions.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160,
Noncontrolling
Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements
—
an
amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51
(“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards
for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent,
the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the
noncontrolling interest, changes in a parent’s ownership interest, and the
valuation of retained noncontrolling equity investments when a subsidiary is
deconsolidated. SFAS 160 also establishes disclosure requirements that
clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the
interests of the noncontrolling owners. This statement is effective for the
Company beginning January 1, 2009. This statement is not
currently applicable since it has no majority-owned subsidiaries.
NOTE
2 – OPERATIONS
The
Company's financial statements are prepared using the accrual method of
accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America and have been prepared on a going concern basis, which
contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in
the
normal course of business. The Company has incurred significant losses and
experienced negative cash flow since its inception. Further, at June 30, 2008,
the deficit accumulated during the development stage amounted to approximately
$7,695,000.
The
Company is still in the development stage at June 30, 2008 and for the 6 months
ended as of that date, has received approximately $1,175,000, net of issuance
costs, through the issuance of 974,167 shares of common stock and exercise
of
warrants. The Company plans to continue raising funds during 2008 through the
sale of its common stock in private placements, generating sufficient liquidity
to maintain operations until sustained revenue generation occurs. As of October
31, 2008, the Company has raised
$2,378,000
and
issued
1,189,000
shares
of common stock through a private placement (Note 7). The Company’s product
development is proceeding on schedule and management expects to initiate revenue
generation no later than the first quarter of 2009. Successful completion of
the
Company’s development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable
operations are dependent upon future events, including obtaining adequate equity
investment to fulfill its development activities. The Company is in the process
of adding qualified directors and employees to help meet their goals. Management
believes the current business plan is attractive enough to investors to raise
the necessary capital and this source of funds, in addition to current liquid
assets, will allow the Company to continue as a going concern through June
30,
2009.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
3 – DEFERRED COMPENSATION
Deferred
compensation represents the unamortized fair value of the issuance of warrants
for future services to non-employees which was accounted for in accordance
with
Emerging Issue Task Force No. 96-18,
Accounting
for Equity Instruments That Are Issued To Other Than Employees for Acquiring,
or
in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services,
as
follows:
|
|
June
30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
$
|
1,545,695
|
|
Less:
accumulated amortization
|
|
|
1,499,737
|
|
|
|
$
|
45,958
|
|
NOTE
4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property
and equipment consists of the following:
|
|
June
30, 2008
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture
& fixtures
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
23,431
|
|
|
15,111
|
|
|
|
|
38,778
|
|
|
30,458
|
|
Accumulated
depreciation
|
|
|
(19,128
|
)
|
|
(15,543
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
19,650
|
|
$
|
14,915
|
|
Depreciation
expense for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was $1,867 and $1,644,
respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, was $3,585
and $3,315, respectively.
NOTE
5 – PATENTS
Patents
represent legal and other fees associated with the registration of patents.
The
Company has two patents and a third pending approval by the United States Patent
and Trade Office. They are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $7,363
and $5,861 at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Amortization
expense for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was $740 and $596,
respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was $1,502
and
$1,192, respectively.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
6 – INCOME TAXES
There
is
no income tax benefit recorded for the losses for the six months ended June
30,
2008 and 2007 since management has determined that the realization of the net
deferred tax asset is not assured and has created a valuation allowance for
the
entire amount of the net deferred tax asset.
NOTE
7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common
Stock and Warrants
The
Company’s predecessor company, Vystar LLC, issued 2,500,000 shares of its common
stock at inception in February 2000 to its founder. These shares were cancelled
and re-issued by Vystar Corporation at merger in December 2003. Also during
2003, Vystar Corporation issued 325,000 shares to its remaining founders for
$4,100. During 2004, the Company issued an additional 8,475,000 shares to its
founders in order to adjust the number of issued and outstanding shares at
that
time.
During
the period from November 2004 through January 13, 2005, the Company issued
770,000 shares of its common stock in a private placement for proceeds of
$691,267, net of issuance costs of $78,733.
The
private placement memorandum was amended on December 28, 2004. Under the terms
of the amendment and subsequent revisions on April 10, 2006 and September 25,
2006, the Company issued 795,674 shares in 2005 for proceeds of $1,112,253,
net
of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash; 813,131 shares in 2006
for proceeds of $1,143,651, net of issuance costs of $82,643 cash and $8,404
non-cash; 597,501 shares in 2007 for proceeds of $824,692, net of issuance
costs
of $61,911 cash and $9,648 non-cash and 5,000 shares in 2008 for proceeds of
$7,500 prior to its closing in April 2008. All of the shares issued were common
stock. Terms of the memorandum included issuing warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 1,308,965 shares of common stock at $.50 per share. During 2007
and
2006 755,899 shares and 19,000 shares, respectively, were purchased through
the
exercise of the warrants. The remaining warrants outstanding at December 31,
2007 of 449,167 expire during 2008.
During
2005 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 17,300 shares of
common stock at an exercise price of $.50 in exchange for services rendered
with
the private placement, valued at $9,451. The warrants are exercisable until
January 2010 and vested immediately.
During
2006 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 36,233 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $1.50 per share in
exchange for services rendered, valued at $11,499. The warrants are exercisable
for periods ranging from 2011 to 2016 and vested immediately.
During
2006 the Company issued 52,490 shares of common stock for services rendered
valued at $52,490.
During
2007 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 126,525 shares
of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $.50 to $1.50 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $34,320. The warrants are exercisable for periods
ranging from 2009 through 2017 and vested immediately.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common
Stock and Warrants (Continued)
During
2007 the Company issued 33,125 shares of common stock for professional services
valued at $33,125.
During
February 2008, the Company’s former CEO surrendered 4,900,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock issued to him during 2004. These shares were cancelled
and returned to the Company for future re-issue, eliminating the need to
increase the Company’s number of authorized shares.
During
2008 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 1,727,776 shares
of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $.01 to $2.00 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $1,673,556. The warrants are exercisable for
periods ranging form 2012 through 2018 and vested immediately.
During
2008 the Company issued 68,787 shares of common stock for professional services
valued at $68,787.
On
May 5,
2008, the Company initiated an equity raise through a private placement
projected at $3,000,000 at completion, through an issuance of 1,500,000 shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional 750,000 shares of common
stock at $1.00 per share. As of October 31, 2008 the Company has received
$2,378,000
and
issued
1,189,000
shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional
594,500
shares
of common stock.
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The
Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant-date
fair value of an award granted during 2008 and 2007. The following assumptions
were used:
·
|
Expected
Dividend Yield – because the Company does not currently pay
dividends, the expected dividend yield is
zero;
|
·
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price – because the Company is not publicly
traded, the expected volatility of similar public entities (including
companies engaged in the manufacture and/or distribution of medical,
surgical, and healthcare supplies) was considered with expected volatility
ranging from 22.07% – 39.25%;
|
·
|
Risk-free
Interest Rate – reflects the average rate on a United States Treasury
bond with maturity equal to the expected term of the option, ranging
from
2.67 – 4.92%; and
|
·
|
Expected
Life of Awards – because the Company is still in the development
stage and has had minimal experience with the exercise of options
or
warrants for use in determining the expected life for each award,
the
simplified method was used to calculate an expected life based on
the
midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual
term of
the stock award.
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
The
Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $89,000
and
$22,000 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively,
and $1,467,000 and $76,000 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and
2007, respectively, related to employee stock options and stock warrants issued
to board members. Of this, approximately $1,361,000 and $62,000 for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, was attributable to the
fair
value of shares vested during those periods. As of June 30, 2008, approximately
$1,549 of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share-based
awards remains to be recognized over a weighted average period of less than
1
year.
Stock
Options
During
2004, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a stock option plan (the
“Plan”) and authorized up to 4,000,000 shares to be issued under the Plan. At
December 31, 2007, there were 2,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for
issuance under the Plan. On February 2, 2008, the Board of Directors increased
the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan to the 4,000,000
shares. The Plan is intended to permit stock options granted to employees to
qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (“Incentive Stock Options”). All options granted under
the Plan that are not intended to qualify as Incentive Stock Options are deemed
to be non-qualified options. During 2007 options for 100,000 shares were issued
under the Plan.
The
weighted-average assumptions used in the option pricing model for stock option
grants were as follows for the six months ended June 30:
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
Expected
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price
|
|
|
23.48
|
%
|
|
23.32
|
%
|
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
|
|
|
2.67
|
%
|
|
4.68
|
%
|
Expected
Life of Stock Awards - Years
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
|
5
|
|
Weighted
Average Fair Value at Grant Date
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
The
following table summarizes all stock option activity of the Company for the
six
months ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
Number
of
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
Grant-date Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
$
|
1.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
2,100,000
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
3,300,000
|
|
$
|
1.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
3,225,000
|
|
$
|
1.03
|
|
|
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Warrants
Warrants
are issued to third parties as payment for services and in conjunction with
the
issuance of common stock. The fair value of each common stock warrant issued
for
services is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used for warrants
granted for the six months ended June 30:
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
Expected
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price
|
|
|
21.52
|
%
|
|
23.59
|
%
|
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
|
|
|
2.17
|
%
|
|
3.02
|
%
|
Expected
Life of Awards, Years
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
5
|
|
The
following table represents the Company’s warrant activity for the period ended
June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Issuance or
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
Grant Date Fair Value
|
|
Exercise Price
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
627,725
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
in private placement
|
|
|
272,500
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,727,776
|
|
$
|
0.97
|
|
$
|
0.74
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(424,167
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(26,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
2,177,834
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
2,177,834
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.76
|
|
The
Company issued warrants for services during 2008 at exercise prices ranging
from
$.01 to $2.00 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from three to ten
years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair value of the warrants
was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option
pricing model and assumptions detailed above.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On
January 31, 2008, the Company entered into a management agreement with Universal
Capital Management, Inc. ("UCM"), whereby UCM will provide management services,
including assistance with strategic planning, investment banking consultation
and investor introduction services, and investor relations services for a period
of three months, expiring April 30, 2008. Pursuant to the terms of this
agreement, the Company issued UCM warrants, valued at approximately $1,491,000,
to purchase 1,000,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01.
These warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at or before January 31,
2013
and vested immediately.
On
March
21, 2008, Travis Honeycutt, founding CEO, retired from the Company.
On
April
30, 2008, the Company entered into an additional management agreement for a
period of one year with UCM pursuant to which UCM agreed to provide management
services, including day-to-day managerial. Pursuant to the terms of this
agreement, UCM was issued warrants, valued at approximately $55,000, to purchase
500,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $2.00
per
share. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at or before April
30,
2013 and vested immediately. In the event that the Company elects to extend
the
management agreement for an additional one year term beyond the first year
of
the agreement, the Company has agreed to issue additional warrants to purchase
500,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share.
In
April
2008, the Company added a director to its Board of Directors. At June 30, 2008
the Company’s two Board members received warrants, valued at approximately
$16,000, to purchase 20,000 shares, each, of the Company’s common stock with an
exercise price of $1.00. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at
or
before June 30, 2018 and vested immediately.
During
2006 and 2005, the Company advanced cash and made payments on behalf of Climax
Global Energy, Inc. (“Climax”), a company controlled by the Company’s former
CEO, in the amounts of $12,795 and $242,654, respectively. At December 31,
2007
and 2006, the balance due from Climax was $240,409 and $245,409, respectively.
Climax is in a pre-revenue, research and development mode and is in the process
of raising capital through a private placement memorandum. The Company expects
to be reimbursed in full for the balance, which is unsecured, but due to the
uncertainty involved, management elected to reserve at December 31, 2007
approximately $120,000 of the balance due from Climax. As such, the Company
recorded a corresponding charge in 2007 of approximately $120,000 in its
statement of operations. In August 2008, the Company entered into a note
agreement with Climax which specified the repayment terms of the note (Note
10).
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
JUNE
30,
2008 AND 2007
NOTE
10 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On
August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with Climax Global Energy
(“Climax”) which specified the payment terms of the note receivable discussed in
Note 9. The significant terms were established as follows: (A) the note is
non-interest bearing, (B) a $25,000 payment will be made on or before September
30, 2008, and (C) equal monthly payments of $5,000 will commence in October
2008. In the event that Climax attains certain financial thresholds as specified
in the agreement, receives new third party equity funding exceeding $20 million
on a cumulative basis or Climax is sold or completes an initial public offering,
the remaining amount due shall become payable thirty days following the end
of
the calendar year in which the event occurred. In any event, the note shall
be
due and payable in full no later than January 31, 2010.
As
previously discussed in Note 7, for the period July 1, 2008 through October
31,
2008, the Company has received $1,288,000
and
issued 644,000
shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional 322,000
shares
of common stock through a private placement initiated on May 5, 2008.
On
August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with UCM whereby UCM agreed
to
assist the Company in registering its shares publicly, as well as provide
management assistance with certain responsibilities unique to a publicly
held
entity. In consideration for these services, the Company has agreed to issue
600,000 shares of its common stock, contingent upon the Company’s registration
statement becoming effective, on or about the effective date of the registration
statement. These shares have been initially valued at $978,000, which will
be
recognized ratably as an expense over a service period estimated to continue
through February 2009.
PART II
INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item
13.
Other
Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The
following table indicates the expenses to be incurred in connection with the
distribution and resale offering described in this Registration Statement,
other
than underwriting discounts and commissions, all of which will be paid by the
Registrant. All amounts are estimated except the Securities and Exchange
Commission registration fee and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
fee.
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities
and Exchange Commission registration fee
|
|
$
|
86
|
|
Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority fee
|
|
|
|
*
|
NASDAQ
listing fee
|
|
|
|
|
Accountants’
fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Legal
fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Blue
Sky fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Transfer
Agent’s fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Printing
and engraving expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
|
*
|
Total
Expenses
|
|
$
|
|
*
|
*To
be
filed by amendment.
Item
14.
Indemnification
of Directors and Officers.
As
permitted by Georgia law, provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws
limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors. Our articles of
incorporation and bylaws limit the liability of directors to the maximum extent
permitted by Georgia law. Georgia law provides that directors of a corporation
will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breaches of their
fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:
\
|
·
|
any
breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our shareholders;
|
|
·
|
any
act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct
or a knowing violation of law;
|
|
·
|
any
unlawful payments related to dividends or unlawful stock repurchases,
redemptions or other distributions; or
|
|
·
|
any
transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit.
|
These
limitations do not apply to liabilities arising under federal securities laws
and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies, including injunctive
relief or rescission. If Georgia law is amended to authorize the further
elimination or limiting of a director, then the liability of our directors
will
be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Georgia law as
so
amended.
As
permitted by Georgia law, our articles of incorporation and bylaws also provide
that:
|
·
|
we
will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted
by law;
|
|
·
|
we
may indemnify our other employees and other agents to the same extent
that
we indemnify our officers and directors, unless otherwise determined
by
the board of directors; and
|
|
·
|
we
will advance expenses to our directors and executive officers in
connection with legal proceedings in connection with a legal proceeding
to
the fullest extent permitted by law.
|
The
indemnification provisions contained in our articles of incorporation and bylaws
are not exclusive.
The
Registrant maintains a general liability insurance policy which covers certain
liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts
or
omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.
Item
15.
Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities.
Set
forth
below is information regarding shares of common stock, warrants and options
to
purchase common stock issued by the Registrant within the past three years
that
were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities
Act. Also included is the consideration, if any, received by the Registrant
for
such shares, warrants and options and information relating to the section of
the
Securities Act, or rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which
exemption from registration was claimed.
(a)
Common
Stock and Warrant Financings
From
December 2005 through July 2007, the Registrant issued
1,430,632
shares
of
its common stock at a price of $1.50 per share. In connection with such
offering, the Registrant issued one warrant to purchase one share of common
stock at an exercise price of $.50 per share for each share of common stock
purchased. From October 2006 through May 2008, the Registrant issued 1,198,066
shares of common stock upon the exercise of such warrants (and warrants issued
prior to December 2005) at $.50 per share.
From
May
2008 through October 2008, the Registrant issued 1,189,000 shares of its
common stock at a price of $2.00 per share. In connection with such offering,
the Registrant issued one warrant to purchase one share of common stock at
an
exercise price of $1.00 per share for each two shares of common stock purchased.
In September 2008, the Registrant issued 5,000 shares of common stock upon
the
exercise of such warrants at $1.00 per share.
From
June
2006 through May 2008, the Registrant issued 154.402 shares of its common
stock for services rendered to the Registrant.
(b)
Stock
Option Grants
Since
November 2005, the Registrant has issued options to certain employees and
consultants to purchase an aggregate of 2,800,00 shares of common
stock at exercise prices from $1.00 to $1.50. Through the date hereof, none
of
such options have been exercised.
(c)
Application
of Securities Laws and Other Matters
No
underwriters were involved in the foregoing sales of securities. The securities
described in section (a) of this Item 15 were issued to investors in
reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities
Act, as set forth in Section 4(2) under the Securities Act and
Regulation D promulgated thereunder, as applicable, relative to sales by an
issuer not involving any public offering, to the extent an exemption from such
registration was required.
The
issuance of stock options as described in section (b) of this Item 15
were issued pursuant to written compensatory plans or arrangements with the
Registrant’s employees, directors and consultants, in reliance on the exemption
provided by Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act. All recipients
either received adequate information about the Registrant or had access, through
employment or other relationships, to such information.
All
of
the foregoing securities are deemed restricted securities for purposes of the
Securities Act. All certificates representing the issued shares of common stock,
warrants and options described in this Item 15 included appropriate legends
setting forth that the securities had not been registered and the applicable
restrictions on transfer.
Item
16.
Exhibits.
The
exhibits to the Registration Statement are listed in the Exhibit Index
attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein.
Item
17.
Undertakings.
(a) The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this registration statement;
(i) To
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended;
(ii) To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date
of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment
thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change
in the information set forth in the registration statement; and
(iii) To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to
such information in the registration statement.
(2) That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933,
each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
(3) To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly
caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Duluth, State of Georgia,
on this 13th day of November, 2008.
|
|
Vystar
Corporation
|
|
By:
|
/s/ William
R. Doyle
|
|
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
|
Chairman,
President and Chief Executive Officer
|
Each
person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints William R. Doyle
his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, acting alone, with full power
of
substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead,
in
any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post effective
amendments) to this Registration Statement on Form S-1, and to sign any
registration statement for the same offering covered by this Registration
Statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all post effective amendments
thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents
in
connection therewith, with the Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact
and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and
thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully
to
all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying
and
confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, acting alone, or his
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
WILLIAM R. DOYLE
|
|
Chairman,
President, Chief Executive
Officer
and Director (Principal Executive
Officer)
|
|
November
13, 2008
|
/s/ LINDA
S. HAMMOCK
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
(Principal
Financial and Accounting
Officer)
|
|
November
13, 2008
|
/s/
J. DOUGLAS CRAFT
|
|
Director
|
|
November
13, 2008
|
/s/
JOSEPH C. ALLEGRA
|
|
Director
|
|
November
13, 2008
|
/s/
MITSY Y. MANGUM
|
|
Director
|
|
November
13, 2008
|
/s/
W. DEAN WATERS
|
|
Director
|
|
November
13, 2008
|
Exhibit
Index
Exhibit
Number
|
Description
|
3.1
|
Articles
of Incorporation of Vystar Acquisition Corporation (now named Vystar
Corporation) dated December 17, 2003 (as amended)
|
|
|
3.2
|
Bylaws
of Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
4.1*
|
Specimen
Certificate evidencing shares of Vystar common stock
|
|
|
5.1*
|
Opinion
of Greenberg Traurig LLP
|
|
|
10.1**
|
Manufacturing
Agreement between Vystar Corporation and Revertex (Malaysia) Sdn.
Bhd.
effective April 1, 2008
|
|
|
10.2
|
Executive
Employment Agreement between Vystar Corporation and William R.
Doyle,
dated November 11, 2008
|
|
|
10.3
|
Management
Agreement dated January 31, 2008 between Universal Capital Management,
Inc. and Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
10.4
|
Letter
Agreement dated August 15, 2008 between Universal Capital Management,
Inc.
and Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
10.5
|
Addendum
to Management Agreement dated February 29, 2008 between Universal
Capital
Management, Inc. and Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
10.6
|
Warrant
Purchase Agreement dated January 31, 2008 between Universal Capital
Management, Inc. and Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
10.7
|
Management
Agreement dated April 30, 2008 between Universal Capital Management,
Inc.
and Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
10.8
|
Warrant
Purchase Agreement dated April 30, 2008 between Universal Capital
Management, Inc. and Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
10.9
|
Vystar
Corporation 2004 Long-Term Compensation Plan
|
|
|
10.10
|
Employment
Agreement between Vystar Corporation and Sandra Parker dated April
1,
2008
|
|
|
21.1*
|
Subsidiaries
of Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
23.1
|
Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
|
23.2*
|
Consent
of Greenberg Traurig, LLP (will be included in Exhibit
5.1)
|
|
|
24.1
|
Powers
of Attorney (included on signature
page)
|
*
To
be
filed by amendment
**
Confidential
treatment requested as to certain portions, which portions have been omitted
and
filed separately with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
ARTICLES
OF INCORPORATION
OF
VYSTAR
ACQUISITION CORPORATION
ARTICLE
ONE
NAME
The
name
of the corporation is Vystar Acquisition Corporation.
ARTICLE
TWO
REGISTERED
OFFICE
The
address of the registered office of the corporation in the State of Georgia
is
3761 Venture Drive, Duluth, Gwinnett County, Georgia 30096. The name of its
registered agent at such address is National Registered Agents,
Inc.
ARTICLE
THREE
PURPOSES
The
purpose of the corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which
corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the Georgia Business
Corporation Code.
ARTICLE
FOUR
CAPITAL
STOCK
The
aggregate number of shares of stock which the corporation shall have authority
to issue is Ten Million (10,000,000) shares of $.0001 par value common
stock.
ARTICLE
FIVE
BYLAWS
In
furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board
of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, repeal, rescind, alter or amend
in any respect the Bylaws of the corporation.
ARTICLE
SIX
NO
PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS
No
shareholders shall have any preemptive rights to acquire unissued shares of
the
corporation.
ARTICLE
SEVEN
INITIAL
PRINCIPAL OFFICE
The
address of the initial principal office of the corporation is 4619 Steeplechase
Lane, Flowery Branch, Georgia 30542.
ARTICLE
EIGHT
SHAREHOLDER
ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT
To
the
extent allowed by law, any action that is required to be or may be taken at
a
meeting of the shareholders of the corporation may be taken without a meeting
if
written consent, setting forth the action, shall be signed by persons who would
be entitled to vote at a meeting those shares having voting power to cast not
less than the minimum number (or numbers, in the case of voting by classes)
of
votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting
at
which all shares entitled to vote were present and voted. Notice shall be given
within ten (10) days of the taking of corporate action without a meeting by
less
than unanimous written consent to those shareholders on the record date whose
shares were not represented on the written consent.
ARTICLE
NINE
PLACE
OF
MEETINGS AND RECORDS
Meetings
of shareholders of the corporation may be held within or without the State
of
Georgia, as the Bylaws may provide. The books of the corporation may be kept
(subject to any provision of applicable law) within or without the State of
Georgia at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the
Board of Directors or in the Bylaws.
ARTICLE
TEN
LIMITATION
ON DIRECTORS' LIABILITY
A
Director of this corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation
or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
Director, except for liability (i) for any appropriation, in violation of his
duties, of any business opportunity of the corporation, (ii) for acts or
omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing
violation of law, (iii) for the type of liability set forth under Section
14-2-832 of the Georgia Business Corporation Code, or (iv) for any transaction
from which the Director received an improper personal benefit.
If
the
Georgia Business Corporation Code is hereafter amended to authorize the further
elimination or limitation of the liability of a Director, then the liability
of
a Director of the corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest
extent permitted by the Georgia Business Corporation Code, as so
amended.
Any
repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article Ten by the
shareholders of the corporation shall not adversely affect any right or
protection of a Director of the corporation existing at the time of such repeal
or modification.
The
provisions of this Article Ten shall not be deemed to limit or preclude
indemnification of a Director by the corporation for any liability of a Director
which has not been eliminated by the provisions of this Article
Ten.
ARTICLE
ELEVEN
INCORPORATOR
The
name
and address of the incorporator is as follows:
Gerald
L.
Baxter
Greenberg
Traurig, LLP
3290
Northside Parkway
Suite
400
Atlanta,
Georgia 30327
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the incorporator hereinbefore named,
has
executed, signed and acknowledged these Articles of Incorporation this
17
th
day of
December, 2003.
Gerald
L.
Baxter, Incorporator
CERTIFICATE
OF MERGER
OF
VYSTAR,
L.L.C.,
a
Georgia limited liability company
WITH
AND INTO
VYSTAR
ACQUISITION CORPORATION,
a
Georgia corporation
I.
Pursuant
to the provisions of Section 14-11-901 of the Georgia Limited Liability Company
Act, and Section 14-2-1105 of the Georgia Business Corporation Code, VYSTAR,
L.L.C., a Georgia limited liability company shall, upon the filing of this
Certificate of Merger, be merged with and into VYSTAR ACQUISITION CORPORATION,
a
Georgia corporation, with VYSTAR ACQUISITION CORPORATION, a Georgia corporation,
being the surviving corporation in the merger (the “
Surviving
Corporation
”).
II.
The
Articles of Incorporation of VYSTAR ACQUISITION CORPORATION, a Georgia
corporation, as in effect on the date hereof, shall be the Articles of
Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation;
provided
,
however
,
said
Articles of Incorporation will, simultaneously with the filing of this
Certificate of Merger, be amended by deleting Article One in its entirety and
substituting therefore the following language, all as set forth on the form
of
Articles of Amendment attached as
Exhibit
“A
”
hereto,
until further amended or changed as provided by law:
“ARTICLE
ONE
The
name
of the Corporation is Vystar Corporation.”
III.
The
executed Agreement and Plan of Merger is on file at the principal place of
business of the Surviving Corporation, which is located at 4619 Steeplechase
Lane, Flowery Branch, Georgia 30542.
IV.
A
copy of
the Agreement and Plan of Merger will be furnished by the Surviving Corporation,
on request and without cost, to any member or shareholder of either party to
the
merger.
V.
The
Agreement and Plan of Merger does not require the approval of the shareholders
of the Surviving Corporation, pursuant to Section 14-2-1103(h) of the Georgia
Business Corporation Code.
VI.
The
request for publication of a Notice of Merger and payment therefore will be
made
as required by subsection (b) of Section 14-2-1105.1 of the Georgia Business
Corporation Code.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
undersigned parties to the merger have caused this Certificate of Merger to
be
executed this 17
th
day of
December, 2003.
VYSTAR,
L.L.C.
By:
/s/
Travis W. Honeycutt
Travis
W.
Honeycutt, Member
VYSTAR
ACQUISITION
CORPORATION
Glen
Smotherman, Secretary
EXHIBIT
“A
”
ARTICLES
OF AMENDMENT
TO
THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
OF
VYSTAR
ACQUISITION CORPORATION
ARTICLE
I.
The
name
of the corporation is Vystar Acquisition Corporation (the
“Corporation”).
ARTICLE
II.
The
Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation are hereby amended by deleting Article
One in its entirety and substituting therefore the following
language:
“The
name
of the corporation is Vystar Corporation.”
ARTICLE
III.
The
amendment provided for herein was duly adopted by the Board of Directors of
the
Corporation on December __, 2003.
ARTICLE
IV.
The
amendment was adopted by the Board of Directors of the Corporation without
shareholder action as shareholder action was not required.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned officer of the Corporation has hereunto set
forth his hand as of this ___ day of December, 2003.
__________________________
Glen
Smotherman, Secretary
ARTICLES
OF AMENDMENT
TO
THE
ARTICLES
OF INCORPORATION
OF
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
Pursuant
to the provisions of the Georgia Business Corporation Code, the corporation
hereinafter named (the “Corporation”), does hereby adopt the following Articles
of Amendment.
ARTICLE
ONE
The
name
of the corporation is Vystar Corporation (the “Corporation”).
ARTICLE
TWO
T
he
Articles of Incorporation of Vystar Corporation be amended by deleting Article
Four in its entirety and substituting therefore the following language:
"The
Corporation shall have authority to issue two classes of shares to be designated
respectively, “Common Stock” and Preferred Stock.” The total number of shares
which the Corporation is authorized to issue is Thirty-Five Million (35,000,000)
shares of which Twenty-Five Million (25,000,000) shall be Common Stock and
Ten
Million (10,000,000) shall be Preferred Stock. Each share of Common Stock shall
have a par value of $0.0001, and each share of Preferred Stock shall have a
par
value of $0.0001.
The
Preferred Stock authorized by the Articles of Incorporation may be issued from
time to time in one or more series, each of which shall have such designation(s)
or title(s) as may be fixed by the board of directors of the Corporation (the
“Board of Directors”) prior to the issuance of any shares thereof. The Board of
Directors is hereby authorized to fix or alter the dividend rates, conversion
rights, rights and terms of redemption, including sinking fund provisions,
the
redemption price or prices, voting rights and liquidation preferences of any
wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, and the number of shares constituting
any such series and the designation thereof, or any of them. The rights, powers,
preferences, limitations and restrictions, if any, accompanying such shares
of
Preferred Stock shall be set forth by resolution of the Board of Directors
providing for the issue thereof prior to the issuance of any shares thereof,
in
accordance with the applicable provision of the Georgia Business Corporation
Code. Each share of any series of Preferred Stock shall be identical with all
other shares of such series, except as to the date from which dividends, if
any,
shall accrue.
”
ARTICLE
THREE
The
amendment provided for herein was duly adopted by the Board of Directors of
the
Corporation on August 10
th
,
2004.
ARTICLE
FOUR
In
lieu
of a meeting and vote of shareholders, the shareholders have given written
consent to said amendment in accordance with the provisions of Section 14-2-704
of the Georgia Business Corporation Code.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment to be executed and attested
by its duly authorized officers, this 10
th
day of
August, 2004.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION, INC.
By:
Glen Smotherman
Title:
Chief Financial Officer
Attest:
By:
Matthew P. Clark
Title:
Assistant Secretary
BYLAWS
OF
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(a
Georgia corporation)
ARTICLE
I.
Offices
Section
1.
Registered
Office
.
The
registered office of the Corporation shall be in the State of Georgia, and
the
name of the resident agent in charge thereof is the agent named in the Articles
of Incorporation until changed by the Board of Directors (the
"Board").
Section
2.
Principal
Office
.
The
principal office for the transaction of the business of the Corporation shall
be
at such place as may be established by the Board. The Board is granted full
power and authority to change said principal office from one location to
another.
Section
3.
Other
Offices
.
The
Corporation may also have an office or offices at such other places, either
within or without the State of Georgia, as the Board may from time to time
designate or the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE
II.
Meetings
of Shareholders
Section
1.
Place
of Meetings
.
Meetings of shareholders shall be held at such time and place, within or without
the State of Georgia, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in
a
duly executed waiver of notice thereof.
Section
2.
Annual
Meetings
.
Annual
meetings of the shareholders of the Corporation for the purpose of electing
directors and for the transaction of such other proper business as may come
before such meetings may be held at such time, date and place as the Board
shall
determine by resolution.
Section
3.
Special
Meetings
.
Special
meetings of the shareholders of the Corporation for any purpose or purposes
may
be called at any time by the Board, or by a committee of the Board that has
been
duly designated by the Board and whose powers and authority, as provided in
a
resolution of the Board or in the Bylaws of the Corporation, include the power
to call such meetings, and shall be called by the president or secretary at
the
request in writing of a majority of the Board, or at the request in writing
of
shareholders owning a majority in amount of the entire capital stock of the
Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote but such special
meetings may not be called by any other person or persons; provided, however,
that if and to the extent that any special meeting of shareholders may be called
by any other person or persons specified in any provisions of the Articles
of
Incorporation or any amendment thereto, then such special meeting may also
be
called by the person or persons in the manner, at the times and for the purposes
so specified. Business transacted at any special meeting of shareholders shall
be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
Section
4.
Shareholder
Lists
.
The
officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare
and
make, at least ten days before every meeting of shareholders, a complete list
of
shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order
and
showing the address of each shareholder and the number of shares registered
in
the name of each shareholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of
any
shareholder,
for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for
a
period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within
the
city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the
notice of the meeting or at the place of the meeting, and the list shall also
be
available at the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected
by
any shareholder who is present.
Section
5.
Notice
of Meetings
.
Notice
of each meeting of shareholders, whether annual or special, stating the place,
date and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose
or purposes for which such meeting has been called, shall be given to each
shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor
more than sixty days before the date of the meeting. Such notice shall be given
to the shareholders by the Secretary, or in the case of the Secretary's absence
or refusal or inability to act, by any other officer of the Corporation, and
may
be given by mail, by telecopy, by telephone or by personal service, or by any
combination thereof as to different shareholders. If mailed, such notice shall
be deemed to have been given when deposited in the United States mail, addressed
to the shareholder at his address as it appears in the stock record books of
the
Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. Notice by other permitted methods
shall be deemed to have been given when personally delivered or when transmitted
to the telephone or telecopy number previously supplied to the Secretary by
the
shareholder. Except as otherwise expressly required by law, notice of any
adjourned meeting of the shareholders need not be given if the time and place
thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken.
Whenever
any notice is required to be given under the provisions of any applicable law
or
of the Articles of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in
writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before
or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Notice
of
any meeting of shareholders shall be deemed waived by any shareholder who shall
attend such meeting in person or by proxy, except a shareholder who shall attend
such meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the
meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened.
Section
6.
Quorum
and Adjournment
.
The
holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote
thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum
for holding all meetings of shareholders, except as otherwise provided by
applicable law or by the Articles of Incorporation; provided, however, that
the
shareholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is
present may continue to transact business until adjournment notwithstanding
the
withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action
taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares
required to constitute a quorum. If it shall appear that such quorum is not
present or represented at any meeting of shareholders, the Chairman of the
meeting shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without
notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present
or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present
or
represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted
at
the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty
days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned
meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder
of
record entitled to vote at the meeting. The Chairman of the meeting may
determine that a quorum is present based upon any reasonable
evidence
of the presence in person or by proxy of shareholders holding a majority of
the
outstanding votes, including without limitation, evidence from any record of
shareholders who have signed a register indicating their presence at the
meeting.
Section
7.
Voting
.
In all
matters, when a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of
a
majority of the capital stock having voting power present in person or
represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting,
unless the question is one upon which by express provision of applicable law
or
of the Articles of Incorporation, a different vote is required in which case
such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.
Such vote may be viva voce or by written ballot; provided, however, that the
Board may, in its discretion, require a written ballot for any vote; and further
provided, that all elections for directors must be by written ballot upon demand
made by a shareholder at any election and before the voting begins.
Unless
otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation each shareholder shall
at
every meeting of the shareholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy
for each share of the capital stock having voting power held by such
shareholder.
Section
8.
Proxies
.
Each
shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders may authorize in
writing another person or persons to act for such holder by proxy, but no proxy
shall be voted or acted upon after eleven months from its date, unless the
person executing the proxy specifies therein the period of time for which it
is
to continue in force.
Section
9.
Judges
of Election
.
The
Board may appoint a Judge or Judges of Election for any meeting of shareholders.
Such Judges shall decide upon the qualification of the voters and report the
number of shares represented at the meeting and entitled to vote, shall conduct
the voting and accept the votes and when the voting is completed shall ascertain
and report the number of shares voted respectively for and against each position
upon which a vote is taken by ballot. The Judges need not be shareholders,
and
any officer of the corporation may be a Judge on any position other than a
vote
for or against a proposal in which such person shall have a material
interest.
Section
10.
Written
Consent
.
Any
action required to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders, or any action
which may be taken at a meeting of the shareholders, may be taken without a
meeting if written consent, setting forth the action so taken shall be signed
by
all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof
or, if so provided in the Articles of Incorporation, by shareholders who would
be entitled to vote at a meeting holding shares having voting power to cast
not
less than the minimum number (or numbers, in the case of voting by groups)
of
votes that would be necessary to authorize or take the action at a meeting
at
which all shareholders entitled to vote were present and voted.
ARTICLE
III.
Directors
Section
1.
Powers
.
The
Board shall have the power to manage or direct the management of the property,
business and affairs of the Corporation, and except as expressly limited by
law,
to exercise all of its corporate powers. The Board may establish procedures
and
rules,
or
may authorize the Chairman of any meeting of shareholders to establish
procedures and rules, for the fair and orderly conduct of any meeting including,
without limitation, registration of the shareholders attending the meeting,
adoption of an agenda, establishing the order of business at the meeting,
recessing and adjourning the meeting for the purposes of tabulating any votes
and receiving the result thereof, the timing of the opening and closing of
the
polls, and the physical layout of the facilities for the meeting.
Section
2.
Number
.
The
Board shall consist of one or more members in such number as shall be determined
from time to time by resolution of the Board or by the shareholders at the
annual meeting. Directors need not be shareholders, and each director shall
serve until such person's successor is elected and qualified or until such
person's death, retirement, resignation or removal.
Section
3.
Vacancies
and Newly Created Directorships
.
Any
newly created directorship resulting from an increase in the number of directors
may be filled by a majority of the Board of Directors then in office, provided
that a quorum is present, and any other vacancy on the Board of Directors may
be
filled by a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a
quorum, or by a sole remaining director.
Section
4.
Meetings
.
The
Board may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside
the
State of Georgia.
Section
5.
Annual
Meeting
.
The
Board shall meet as soon as practicable after each annual election of
directors.
Section
6.
Regular
Meetings
.
Regular
meetings of the Board shall be held without call or notice at such time and
place as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the
Board.
Section
7.
Special
Meetings
.
Special
meetings of the Board may be called at any time, and for any purpose permitted
by law, by the Chairman of the Board (or, if the Board does not appoint a
Chairman of the Board, the President), or by the Secretary on the written
request of any two members of the Board unless the Board consists of only one
director in which case the special meeting shall be called on the written
request of the sole director, which meetings shall be held at the time and
place
designated by the person or persons calling the meeting. Notice of the time,
place and purpose of any such meeting shall be given to the Directors by the
Secretary, or in case of the Secretary's absence or refusal or inability to
act,
by any other officer. Any such notice may be given by mail, by telecopy, by
telephone, by personal service, or by any combination thereof as to different
Directors. If the notice is by mail, then it shall be deposited in a United
States Post Office at least five days before the time of the meeting; if by
telephone, by telecopy or by personal service, at least two days before the
time
of the meeting.
Section
8.
Quorum
.
At all
meetings of the Board, the majority of the whole Board shall be necessary and
sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act
of a
majority of the Directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum
shall be the act of the Board, except as may be otherwise specifically provided
by applicable law, the
Articles
of Incorporation or by these Bylaws. Any meeting of the Board may be adjourned
to meet again at a stated day and hour. Even though no quorum is present, as
required in this Section, a majority of the Directors present at any meeting
of
the Board, either regular or special, may adjourn from time to time until a
quorum be had. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given.
Section
9.
Fees
and Compensation
.
Each
Director and each member of a committee of the Board shall receive such fees
and
reimbursement of expenses incurred on behalf of the Corporation or in attending
meetings as the Board may from time to time determine. No such payment shall
preclude any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and
receiving compensation therefor.
Section
10.
Meetings
by Telephonic Communication
.
Members
of the Board or any committee thereof may participate in a regular or special
meeting of such Board or committee by any means of communication by which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in
a
meeting pursuant to this Section shall constitute presence in person at such
meeting.
Section
11.
Committees
.
The
Board may designate committees, each committee to consist of one or more of
the
Directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more Directors
as
alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified
member at any meeting of the committee. Upon the absence or disqualification
of
a member of a committee, if the Board has not designated one or more alternates
(or if such alternate(s) are then absent or disqualified), the member or members
thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or
not
such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another
member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or
disqualified member or alternate. Any such committee, to the extent provided
in
the resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all the powers and
authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the
Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to
all
papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or
authority in reference to: (a) approving or proposing to shareholders action
that is required to be approved by shareholders; (b) adopting an agreement
of
merger or consolidation not requiring shareholder approval; (c) adopting,
repealing or amending the Bylaws of the Corporation; (d) filling vacancies
on
the Board; or (e) taking any other action prohibited by law. Each committee
shall have such name as may be determined from time to time by resolution
adopted by the Board. Each committee shall keep minutes of its meetings and
report to the Board when required.
Section
5.
Action
Without Meetings
.
Unless
otherwise restricted by applicable law or by the Articles of Incorporation
or by
these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of
the
Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members
of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in
writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of the
proceedings of the Board or committee.
Section
13.
Removal
.
Unless
otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or by law, any Director
or
the entire Board may be removed, with or without
cause,
by
the holders of a majority of shares entitled to vote at a meeting called for
the
purpose of removing such Director(s) and the meeting notice must state that
one
of the purposes of such meeting is the removal of such Director(s).
ARTICLE
IV.
Officers
Section
1.
Appointment
and Salaries
.
The
officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board and shall be a
President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board
may also appoint a Chairman of the Board and the Board or the President may
appoint such other officers (including Assistant Secretaries and Assistant
Treasurers) as the Board or the President may deem necessary or desirable.
The
officers shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers
and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board.
The Board shall fix the salaries of all officers appointed by it. Unless
prohibited by applicable law or by the Articles of Incorporation or by these
Bylaws, one person may be elected or appointed to serve in more than one
official capacity. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall
be filled by the Board.
Section
2.
Removal
and Resignation
.
Any
officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by the Board or, in the
case of an officer not appointed by the Board, by the President. Any officer
may
resign at any time by giving notice to the Board, the President or Secretary.
Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of receipt of such notice
or
at any later time specified therein and, unless otherwise specified in such
notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it
effective.
Section
3.
Chairman
of the Board
.
The
Board may, at its election, appoint a Chairman of the Board. If such an officer
be elected, he shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the shareholders
and of the Board of Directors and shall have such other powers and duties as
may
from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.
Section
4.
President
.
Subject
to such powers, if any, as may be given by the Board to the Chairman of the
Board, if there is such officer, the President shall be the chief executive
officer of the Corporation with the powers of general manager, and he shall
have
supervision over and may exercise general executive powers concerning all of
the
operations and business of the Corporation, with the authority from time to
time
to delegate to other officers such executive and other powers and duties as
he
may deem advisable. If there be no Chairman of the Board, or in his absence,
the
President shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board,
unless the Board appoints another person who need not be a shareholder, officer
or director of the Corporation, to preside at a meeting of
shareholders.
Section
5.
Vice
President
.
In the
absence of the President, or in the event of the President's inability or
refusal to act, the Vice President (or if there be more than one Vice President,
the Vice Presidents in the order of their rank or, if of equal rank, then in
the
order designated by the Board or the President or, in the absence of any
designation, then in the order of their appointment) shall perform the duties
of
the President and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject
to
all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice President shall
perform
such other duties and have such other powers as the Board may from time to
time
prescribe.
Section
6.
Secretary
and Assistant Secretary
.
The
Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board (unless the Board shall
otherwise determine) and all meetings of the shareholders and record all the
proceedings of the meetings of the Corporation and of the Board in a book to
be
kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the committees when
required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings
of shareholders and special meetings of the Board. The Secretary shall have
custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and shall (as well as any
Assistant Secretary) have authority to affix the same to any instrument
requiring it and to attest it. The Secretary shall perform such other duties
and
have such other powers as the Board or the President may from time to time
prescribe.
Section
7.
Treasurer
.
The
Treasurer shall have custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall
keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging
to the Corporation and shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects
in
the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be
designated by the Board. The Treasurer may disburse the funds of the Corporation
as may be ordered by the Board or the President, taking proper vouchers for
such
disbursements, and shall render to the Board at its regular meetings, or when
the Board so requires, an account of transactions and of the financial condition
of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform such other duties and have
such
other powers as the Board or the President may from time to time
prescribe.
If
required by the Board, the Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers, if any, shall
give the Corporation a bond (which shall be renewed at such times as specified
by the Board) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be
satisfactory to the Board for the faithful performance of the duties of such
person's office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of such
person's death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books,
papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in such person's
possession or under such person's control belonging to the
Corporation.
Section
8.
Assistant
Officers
.
An
assistant officer shall, in the absence of the officer to whom such person
is an
assistant or in the event of such officer's inability or refusal to act (or,
if
there be more than one such assistant officer, the assistant officers in the
order designated by the Board or the President or, in the absence of any
designation, then in the order of their appointment), perform the duties and
exercise the powers of such officer. An assistant officer shall perform such
other duties and have such other powers as the Board or the President may from
time to time prescribe.
ARTICLE
V.
Seal
It
shall
not be necessary to the validity of any instrument executed by any authorized
officer or officers of the Corporation that the execution of such instrument
be
evidenced by the corporate seal, and all documents, instruments, contracts
and
writings of all kinds signed on behalf of the Corporation by any authorized
officer or officers shall be as effectual and binding on the Corporation without
the corporate seal, as if the execution of the
same
had
been evidenced by affixing the corporate seal thereto. The Board may give
general authority to any officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to
attest the affixing by signature.
ARTICLE
VI.
Form
of
Stock Certificate
Every
holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate
signed by, or in the name of, the Corporation by the Chairman or Vice-Chairman
of the Board of Directors, if any, or by the President or a Vice-President,
and
by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary certifying the number of shares owned in the Corporation. Any or
all
of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. If any officer.
transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has
been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer
agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the
Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer
agent or registrar at the date of the issue.
If
the
Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more
than one series of any class, a reference on the certificate to the state of
incorporation shall be deemed a reference to the Articles of Incorporation
and
the provisions thereof governing the powers, designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of
stock
or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such
preferences and/or rights. Alternatively, such powers, designations, preferences
and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such
qualifications, limitations or restrictions shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the Corporation shall
issue to represent such class or series of stock. Except as otherwise provided
in section 14-2-625 of the Georgia Business Corporation Code, in lieu of the
foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the
certificate that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each shareholder
who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative,
participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights.
ARTICLE
VII.
Representation
of Shares of Other Corporations
The
President or any other officer or officers authorized by the Board or the
President are each authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of
the
Corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation
or corporations standing in the name of the Corporation. The foregoing authority
may be exercised either by any such officer in person or by any other person
authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by said
officer.
ARTICLE
VIII.
Transfers
of Stock
Upon
surrender of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper
evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the
duty of the
Corporation
to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old
certificate and record the transaction upon its books.
ARTICLE
IX.
Lost,
Stolen or Destroyed Certificates
The
Board
may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any
certificate theretofore issued alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed,
upon the making of an affidavit of the fact by the person claiming the
certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of
a
new certificate, the Board may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent
to the issuance, require the owner of such certificate or certificates, or
such
person's legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as
it
may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the
Corporation with respect to the certificate.
ARTICLE
X.
Record
Date
The
Board
may fix in advance a date, which shall not be more than sixty days nor less
than
ten days preceding the date of any meeting of shareholders, nor more than 60
days prior to any other action, as a record date for the determination of
shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any such meeting and any
adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise the rights
in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, and in such case such
shareholders, and only such shareholders as shall be shareholders of record
on
the date so fixed shall be entitled to such notice of, and to vote at, such
meeting and any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend,
or
to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, or to give
such
consent, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any stock on the
books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed as
aforesaid.
ARTICLE
XI.
Registered
Shareholders
The
Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or
shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and shall not be bound to
recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share on the
part
of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice
thereof, except as expressly provided by applicable law.
ARTICLE
XII.
Fiscal
Year
The
fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the
Board.
ARTICLE
XIV.
Amendments
Subject
to any contrary or limiting provisions contained in the Articles of
Incorporation, these Bylaws may be amended or repealed, or new Bylaws may be
adopted, (a) by the shareholders of the Corporation, or (b) by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the full Board at any regular or special meeting. Any
Bylaws adopted or amended by the shareholders may be amended or repealed by
the
Board or the shareholders, unless the shareholders in amending or repealing
a
particular Bylaw provide expressly that the Board may not amend or repeal that
Bylaw.
ARTICLE
XV.
Dividends
Section
1.
Declaration
.
Dividends on the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions
of
the Articles of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board at any
regular or special meeting, pursuant to law, and may be paid in cash, in
property or in shares of the capital stock.
Section
2.
Set
Aside Funds
.
Before
payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the
Corporation available for dividends such sums as the Directors from time to
time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to
meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining
any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the Directors
shall deem to be in the best interests of the Corporation, and the Directors
may
modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was
created.
ARTICLE
XVI.
Indemnification
and Insurance
Section
1.
Right
to Indemnification
.
Except
as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation or by law, each person
who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved
in
any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (hereinafter a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or
she, or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a
director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request
of
the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation
or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service
with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding
is
alleged action or inaction in an official capacity or in any other capacity
while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified
and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the
laws
of Georgia, as the same exist or may hereafter be amended, against all costs,
charges, expenses, liabilities and losses (including attorneys' fees, judgments,
fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in
settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection
therewith, and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased
to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit
of
his or her heirs, executors and administrators;
provided
,
however
,
that,
except as provided in Section 2 hereof, the Corporation shall indemnify any
such
person
seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof)
initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was
authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The right to
indemnification conferred in this Article shall be a contract right and shall
include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in
defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition;
provided
,
however
,
that,
if the Georgia Business Corporation Code requires, the payment of such expenses
incurred by a director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or
officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered
by
such person while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service
to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final disposition of a
proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an
undertaking, by or on behalf of such director or officer, to repay all amounts
so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such director or officer
is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise. The
Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification
to
employees and agents of the Corporation with the same scope and effect as the
foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.
Section
2.
Right
of Claimant to Bring Suit
.
If a
claim under Section 1 of this Article is not paid in full by the Corporation
within thirty days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation,
the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation
to
recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part,
the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such
claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought
to
enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance
of
its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any is required, has
been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has failed to meet a
standard of conduct which makes it permissible under Georgia law for the
Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. Neither the
failure of the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel
or
its shareholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of
such
action that indemnification of the claimant is permissible in the circumstances
because he or she has met such standard of conduct, nor an actual determination
by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel,
or its shareholders) that the claimant has not met such standard of conduct,
shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant
has
failed to meet such standard of conduct.
Section
3.
Non-Exclusivity
of Rights
.
The
right to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending
a
proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this Article shall
not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter
acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation, bylaw,
agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise.
Section
4.
Insurance
.
The
Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any
director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense,
liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to
indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under Georgia
law.
Section
5.
Expenses
as a Witness
.
To the
extent that any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation is
by
reason of such position, or a position with another
entity
at
the request of the Corporation, a witness in any action, suit or proceeding,
he
shall be indemnified against all costs and expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection
therewith.
Section
6.
Indemnity
Agreements
.
The
Corporation may enter into agreements with any director, officer, employee
or
agent of the Corporation providing for indemnification to the full extent
permitted by Georgia law.
Manufacturing
Agreement
This
Co-Development and Cooperation Agreement (“Agreement”) is made and entered into
by and between Vystar Corporation, a Georgia corporation in the United States
with its principal offices located at 3235 Satellite Blvd., Building 400, Suite
290 Duluth, GA 30096 (hereinafter referred to as “Vystar”) and Revertex
(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysian company with its principal offices located
at
1 ½ Mile, Jalan Batu Pahat, K.B. 508, 860009 Kluang, Johor, Malaysia
(hereinafter referred to as “Revertex”), effective April 1, 2008 (“Effective
Date”) based on the terms and conditions contained herein.
RECITALS
WHEREAS
Vystar has considerable scientific and technological knowledge and capabilities
in the field of low-allergen natural rubber latex, and specifically has obtained
the following patents:
(1)
6,906,126; (2) 7,056,970; (3) PCT/US2005/025018 and has filed the following
pending applications (1) 11,249,887; and (2) 61/022,250 “Vystar Patents”);
and
WHEREAS
Revertex has considerable technological knowledge and capabilities in the field
of processing natural rubber latex; and
WHEREAS
Vystar and Revertex desire to jointly investigate and develop large-scale
standard operating procedures (“SOPs”) for processing low-active-protein,
low-allergen, natural rubber latex; and
WHEREAS
Vystar desires to appoint and Revitex desires to accept such appointment as
an
authorized and licensed manufacturer of Vystar’s patented Vytex CL60 and Vytex
PV forms of natural rubber latex.
WHEREAS
the parties have entered into a Letter of Intent dated August 22, 2006, as
amended December 31, 2006 and June 19, 2007 (collectively, the “LOI”) in which
the parties have begun Development to explore such a relationship.
NOW
THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual performance of the terms and
conditions hereinafter set out, IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
ARTICLE
I Definitions
1.1
"Application" shall mean the application of chemicals and/or processes to
natural rubber latex pursuant to and consistent with the Vystar Patents ,
including any future patents, continuations, derivative works, and/or new
developments that would use any of the Vystar Patents as prior art or are
otherwise related to the technology reflected by the Vystar
Patents.
1.2
“Confidential Information” shall mean all information disclosed to a Party
(“Receiving Party”) by the other Party (“Disclosing Party”) in connection with
this Agreement that is conveyed (a) in written, graphic, or other tangible
form
and conspicuously marked “confidential”, “proprietary” or in some other manner
to indicate its confidential or proprietary nature; or (b) orally, provided
that
such information is designated in writing as confidential or proprietary within
thirty (30) days of such oral disclosure. Additionally, the following
information shall be deemed Confidential Information even if not conspicuously
marked “confidential” or “proprietary”: all documentation, formulations,
algorithms, compilations, manuals, manufacturing processes, business methods,
computer programs, symbols, or other know-how and supporting material related
to
the research, development, manufacture, marketing, sale, copy rights,
trademarks, patents, technologies, trade secrets, Industrial Property Rights,
and internal management systems of the Products, Systems and Technology subject
to this Agreement, as defined herein, that are not generally known to the
public, whether conveyed verbally, in writing, on diskette, on tape or other
media.
1.3
“Confirmation” shall mean the written confirmation signed by both Vystar and
Revertex accepting the Plan for Development of the Products.
1.4
“Copyrights” shall mean all copyrights, trademarks, trade names or other usages,
whether registered or not, relating to the research, development, design,
manufacture, package, assembly, testing, marketing, or sale of the Products
in
any and all jurisdictions around the world.
1.5
“Development” shall mean the development of manufacturing processes, procedures
and other SOPs for the Application in large-scale processing to produce the
Products.
1.6
“Improvements” shall mean any modifications, improvements, changes or derivative
works to the Products, Technology, technical documentation or Information as
defined herein, or Systems.
1.7
“
Industrial
Property Right" shall mean any and all inventions, discoveries, developments,
improvements and works relating either to the Application and/or the Products
and their related manufacturing processes, whether patentable or not, including
but not limited to patents and know how, developed by the Parties under this
Agreement after the effective date of this Agreement.
1.8
“Know-how” shall include, but shall not be limited to, all technical
information, (including but not limited to technical data or specifications,
drawings, engineering information, process or production information, formulas,
information on compositions of matter, techniques or methods, software or
computer programs, and proprietary tools) related to the research, development,
design, manufacture, package, assembly or testing of the Products;
1.9
“Licensed Activities” shall mean to research, develop, design, manufacture,
package, assemble, test, and improve the Application for purposes of
toll-manufacturing the Products for Vystar and/or marketing, selling and
distributing the Products itself .
1.10
“Patents” shall mean all patent rights in any and all jurisdictions and all
right, title and interest in all patent applications and patents to issue on
them, all letters of patent or equivalent rights and applications, including
any
reissue, extension, division, continuation or continuation-in-part of
applications throughout the world;
1.11
“Plan” shall mean a development plan that reflects the feasibility of the
Development of the Products by Revertex, which shall initially be drafted by
Revertex, and is attached hereto as Exhibit A, and made a part of this
Agreement. Vystar maintains responsibility within the Plan for the Vystar
Technology and the Application and Revertex maintains responsibility for the
processes of treating and refining the natural rubber latex.
1.12
“Raw
Materials” shall mean all items required for the Toll manufacture of the
Products.
1.13
“Products” shall mean the low-active-protein and/or low-allergen natural rubber
latex processed product resulting from the Application.
1.14
“Revertex Services” shall mean those services listed on Exhibit D attached
hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
1.15
“Systems” shall mean any management or other system shared by Vystar with
Revertex for the purposes of Revertex’ Development of the Products and
optimizing the performance of production lines of Revertex for this purpose.
1.16
“Toll” or “Tolling” shall mean to convert/process Raw Materials into
Products.
1.17
“Tolling Waste” shall mean any waste, as that term is defined under Regulatory
Requirements as defined in Section 6.3, resulting from the Tolling of Raw
Materials into Products under this Tolling Agreement.
1.18
“Technical Documentation” shall mean all drawings, data, charts, graphs,
procedures, books, operation manuals, data, technical processes and other
tangible technical literature necessary for the Systems and/or the research,
development, design, manufacture, package, assembly or testing of the Products.
1.19
“Technology” shall mean, collectively, patents, know-how, copyrights,
trademarks, trade names, and other Confidential Information which are disclosed
or provided pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and are necessary for
research, development, manufacture, packaging, assembly or testing of the
Products. That Technology controlled by Vystar as of the date of this Agreement,
thereafter acquired by Vystar during the term of this Agreement, or otherwise
developed during or pursuant to this Agreement or which relates to the
Application, including all SOPs and other manufacturing processes previously
developed or developed during the term of this Agreement or the LOI related
to
the Application, shall be referred to as “Vystar Technology”. That Technology
controlled by Revertex as of the date of this Agreement, thereafter acquired
by
Revertex during the term of this Agreement, or otherwise developed during or
pursuant to this Agreement related to the processing of compounded latex and
prevulcanized lattices, and which does not relate to or depend upon the
Application, the Products or the manufacturing or other processing for the
Applications and Products, shall be referred to as “Revertex Technology”.
1.20
“Vystar Services” shall mean technical support or consulting services Vystar
tenders to Revertex under this Agreement.
1.21
“Vytex CL60” shall mean the particular product resulting from applying the
Application to the natural rubber latex that has not been treated with
pre-vulcanized chemical processes.
ARTICLE
II.
Manufacturing,
Packaging, Distribution and Commercialization of Products
2.1
Revertex shall procure the relevant Raw Materials for manufacturing and/or
processing the Products. The cost for such Raw Materials shall be billed to
Vystar on a cost plus model as described in Exhibit C on Revertex Fees for
the
Products that Vystar sells. Revertex shall inspect and test before unloading
all
Raw Materials promptly upon receipt and give Vystar immediate notice of
defective or substandard Raw Materials. Revertex’s failure to provide such
notice shall constitute a material breach of this Agreement.
2.2
Pursuant to the Plan and the Services described on Exhibit D, it is anticipated
that Revertex will process, package, distribute, and possibly market and sell
the Products. If Revertex desires to engage in these and other Licensed
Activities, as defined below, Revertex shall comply with the following
requirements:
2.2.1
With the exception of any product that Revertex is currently marketing as of
the
Effective Date, Revertex shall manufacture, distribute, promote and/or sell
only
the Vystar Products as Revertex’ chemically-treated, low-active-protein or
low-allergen natural rubber latex product.
2.2.2
Revertex must include the Vystar trademark and trade name “Vytex” on all Product
packaging, and if Revertex sells any of the Products for its own benefit, upon
paying Vystar a Licensing fee that will be subject to a separate agreement,
Revertex shall require of any of Revertex’ customers to whom Revertex markets,
sells or distributes the Products that they similarly include the Vytex
tradename and in the same manner as required of Revertex on all Product
packaging manufactured, processed, packaged, marketed, sold or otherwise
distributed by those Revertex customers. All such trademarks and/or trade names
on all packages shall be used and placed as mutually agreed upon by the parties.
All such marketing activities and trademark usage requirements shall be
incorporated in this Agreement as Exhibit B. Neither Revertex nor any Revertex
customer may make any changes to the use and placement of the Vystar trademarks
and/or trade names without the express written approval of Vystar.
2.2.3
Should Revertex determine it desires to market and/or sell any of the Products,
Vystar and Revertex (and/or Revertex’ agents approved by Vystar) shall mutually
market the Vytex natural rubber latex, and each party shall include the other
party in its marketing activities and materials, including any electronic or
on-line product listing and catalogs.
2.2.4
Generally, Vystar shall have responsibility for marketing to the Product
end-users world-wide, including product development and marketing groups located
in the North American region and in companies not otherwise covered by Revertex.
If Revertex elects to sell any of the Products, Revertex shall have
responsibility for sales and marketing of the Products to the Product
manufacturers outside of the North American region, specifically in Southeast
Asia and Europe currently covered by Revertex, or as otherwise agreed to between
the Parties.
2.2.5
Each party shall be fully responsible for the costs of its marketing materials
for its marketing efforts. In the event that the parties engage in joint efforts
that result in joint marketing materials, the parties shall share equally in
these costs unless otherwise expressly agreed by the parties.
2.2.6
Each party shall provide to the other party sufficient documentation and
training to facilitate each party’s co-marketing efforts under the licensing and
non-disclosure requirements contained in this Agreement.
2.2.7
Each Party hereby grants a limited, nonexclusive, world-wide, non-assignable
and
non-transferable, royalty-free license to each party’s trademarks and copyrights
for the co-marketing and sales activities and materials, provided that the
trademarks and marketing materials are not altered or modified from the parties’
approved versions.
2.2.8
Each party shall only use marketing materials related to the other party that
are approved by the other party.
2.2.9
Each party shall make opportunities available to invite the other party to
marketing and sales meetings with potential customers and each party shall
make
good faith efforts to attend such sales and marketing meetings.
2.3
Vystar shall provide to Revertex quarterly estimates, or such other interval
mutually agreed to by the parties, reflecting the expected volume for Products
required by Vystar.
2.3.1
Vystar will transmit orders for quantities of each of the Products to Revertex
by separate orders containing details.
2.3.2
Revertex shall invoice Vystar for processing and storage of Products, along
with
the invoicing of any Raw Material provided by the Revertex, pursuant to sections
4.1, and in accordance with the schedule of fees shown in Exhibit
C.
2.4
Warehousing/Storage.
To
the
extent that Vystar Raw Materials and Products are stored at Revertex’s site.
Revertex shall provide sufficient and appropriate facilities for such storage.
Details of such facilities are provided in Exhibit F.
2.5
Sole
right and title to Products hereunder shall remain in Vystar at all times.
Revertex shall not sell, transfer, grant any security interest in, encumber
or
otherwise dispose of any interest of Vystar in the Products.
2.6
Transportation.
If
required by Revertex, Vystar will supply to Revertex information to assist
Revertex in complying with any relevant transportation regulations for shipping
Products.
2.6.1
Revertex shall ensure that precautionary labels, tags, hazard warnings
statements, and other safety information are affixed to the containers in which
the Products are shipped, in accordance with the relevant transportation
regulations and specific directions furnished Revertex by Vystar.
2.6.2
Where the drumming of materials is part of the Tolling agreement, Vystar will
provide Revertex with specific information which Revertex will use to print
drum
labels. Revertex shall affix labels to all drums and ensure that all drums,
labels and markings comply with all Regulatory Requirement, including, without
limitation, any relevant transportation regulations.
2.7
Waste, Recycle & Contamination.
Revertex
accepts all responsibilities under Regulatory Requirements, including the status
of any generator or other equipment, for Tolling Waste. Prior to the initial
contract, purchase order, or arrangement for removal, transportation, treatment,
storage or disposal of Tolling Waste, Revertex shall notify Vystar with
specifics of the transaction, so that Vystar may state any
objection.
2.7.1
Revertex agrees promptly to notify Vystar of any change in the Tolling of Vystar
Raw Materials into Products that could affect the quantity, type, or character
of any Tolling Waste.
2.7.2
If
any non-waste material is produced by Revertex from Vystar Raw Materials or
Products, which material Revertex intends to recycle or reuse or send to a
third
party for recycle or reuse, Revertex agrees to notify Vystar in advance of
the
recycle or reuse activity.
2.8
Spill
and Transportation Accident Notification.
Revertex
shall immediately notify Vystar upon discovery of any leak or spill of Vystar
Raw Materials or Products at Revertex’s site, if such leak or spill is not
totally contained, recovered, and prevented from reaching the air, soil or
water. Revertex shall report all incidents under Regulatory
Requirements.
2.8.1
Revertex shall immediately notify Vystar, within3 hours maximum, of any
transportation or operational accident involving Vystar Raw Materials or
Finished Products. .
2.8.2
Revertex has a continuing obligation to notify Vystar of any matter addressed
by
this Section 2.8, even if such notice would not be immediate, and to update
Vystar of any significant new or changed information or
developments.
ARTICLE
III. Fees
Where
Revertex provides the Revertex Services described in Exhibit D for Vystar
without selling any of the Products itself, Vystar shall pay to Revertex the
fees described on Exhibit C labeled “Revertex Fees” (“Revertex Fees”).
ARTICLE
IV. Limited License
4.1
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Vystar hereby grants
to
Revertex a non-transferable, non-assignable, non-exclusive, world-wide, limited
right and license to the Vystar Technology, Technical Documentation and Systems
to research, develop, design, manufacture, package, assemble, test, and improve
the Application for purposes of toll-manufacturing the Products for Vystar
and/or marketing, selling and distributing the Products itself (“Licensed
Activities”).
4.2
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Vystar hereby also grants
to Revertex a non-transferable, non-assignable, non-exclusive, world-wide
limited right and limited license to use the Vystar trademarks, “Vytex™”, and
other trademarks or trade names as expressly approved by Vystar on the packaging
of the Products. Revertex shall not use any of Vystar’s trademarks or trade
names in any other manner other than as expressly prescribed by Vystar. Revertex
shall not deface, obliterate or otherwise modify any of the Vystar trademarks
or
trade names.
4.3
The
Licenses in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 herein shall collectively be referred to as
the
“License”.
4.4
Revertex shall not sell, transfer or assign any aspect of the License. The
License shall be valid for the term of this Agreement unless terminated earlier
as provided in this Agreement. Revertex shall not, and shall not permit its
employees, representatives or agents to sell, assign, lease, sublicense,
transfer or disclose to any third party, or allow any third party to use the,
Vystar Technology, Technical Documentation, Systems or the Application except
as
specifically permitted by this Agreement.
4.5
Nothing contained herein shall be construed as granting the receiving party
a
license, an option on a license or any right to operate under any patent,
technology or know how, or more generally under any Industrial Property Right
of
the disclosing party which may be disclosed by it under this Agreement and
which
shall remain its complete and full property.
4.6
In
the event that Revertex determines it may need to utilize third parties to
assist in the manufacturing of Vytex product due to the volume, the parties
shall follow the procedures outlined in Article V Restriction on Subcontracting;
Nonassignability provision described herein.
ARTICLE
V. Restriction on Subcontracting; Nonassignability
5.1
Revertex shall not subcontract the Development or any of the other Licensed
Activities in whole or in part to any third party without the prior written
consent of Vystar. The rights and obligations granted and imposed upon the
Parties pursuant to this Agreement shall not be assignable or otherwise capable
of delegation, transferable, or subject to encumbrance by act of either Party
or
by operation of law or otherwise without the express written consent of the
other Party. Any attempt to assign, delegate, transfer or encumber such rights
or duties, absent the other Party’s prior written consent shall be null and
void. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transfer of all or substantially all
of
the assets of either Party to an affiliate of that Party shall not be deemed
a
prohibited assignment for purposes of this Article.
5.2
In
the event that Revertex would require use of a third party to assist in the
processing and or manufacture of the Products using the Application in order
to
meet Vystar’s quantities required, Revertex shall communicate such fact to
Vystar with sufficient notice to allow Vystar to review such third party’s
qualifications and approve of any such third party. In the event of Vystar’s
approval to Revertex’ use of any such third party subcontractor to assist
Revertex in processing or manufacturing the Products using the Application,
such
third party contractor shall be required to execute a limited license and
confidentiality agreement with Vystar prior to any disclosure of Vystar’s
Application and Vystar Technology by Revertex. For all other components of
the
subcontractor processing and manufacturing relationship, Revertex shall contract
directly with and be responsible to Vystar for the third party’s production of
the Products. The use of any third parties pursuant to this section shall not
change the Revertex Fees charged to Vystar for the Revertex Services as
described herein and on Exhibit C.
ARTICLE
VI.
Quality & Performance Standards Compliance
6.1.
Revertex shall engage in the Development activities and the other Licensed
Activities with reasonable skill and care. Revertex represents that it has
the
requisite expertise, ability and legal right to engage in the Development
activities and other Licensed Activities and that it can and will perform the
Development activities and other Licensed Activities in an efficient and ethical
manner.
6.2
Revertex shall establish and maintain programs which address continuous
improvement of final product quality, and strive to achieve goals similar to
the
ISO 9001 quality process at a minimum. The status of such programs are to be
shared with Vystar.
6.3
Revertex acknowledges that the Products are or may be governed by governmental
regulations and licensing in the various jurisdictions in which the Products
may
be marketed, distributed and/or sold. It shall be the duty of Revertex to
ascertain whether any drawings and specifications are at variance with the
Regulatory Requirements applicable to it as a toll manufacturer before starting
Tolling. If Revertex discovers any variance with the Regulatory Requirements
in
any drawings and/or specifications, Revertex shall promptly notify Vystar in
writing and the necessary changes shall be made before proceeding with the
part
of the Tolling affected. Revertex shall obtain all permits necessary for the
Tolling, and shall give all required notices. Revertex shall be responsible
for
complying with all government regulations and for seeking all required licenses,
certifications and approvals required in order to comply with all governmental
regulations and licensing that apply to Revertex’ Development activities and
other Licensed Activities and as otherwise may be required of Vystar as the
processor of record and which Vystar would be required to pass along to any
of
its contractor or toll manufacturers (“Regulatory Requirements”). Revertex shall
have full and proper regard to and shall comply with all other relevant laws,
regulations and codes of conduct in the performance of the Development and
other
Licensed Activities pursuant to this Agreement.
6.4
Revertex shall have a drug and alcohol policy applicable while performing
services for Vystar. Revertex shall ensure that its employees and agents do
not
perform any service for Vystar while under the influence of alcohol or any
controlled substance. Revertex is responsible for all aspects of compliance
with
regulations promulgated by the Occupational Safety & Health Act, 1994 and
any applicable sate worker regulations. This obligation includes all training
and hazard communication as required in the OSHA Regulations. If Revertex has
not received sufficient information on the Vystar Raw Materials or Products,
then Revertex shall contact Vystar for this information. Attached hereto as
Exhibit E are Material Safety Data Sheets covering the Vystar Raw Materials
to
be Tolled by Revertex and covering the Products. If not already posted, Revertex
agrees to disseminate and post copies of the Material Safety Data Sheets,
including warnings and safety and health information concerning the Vystar
Raw
Materials and Products and/or their containers, in a conspicuous place in
Revertex’s plant to which employees, agents, contractors or customers of
Revertex have open and frequent access. Revertex agrees to otherwise advise
its
employees, agents, contractors or customers by disseminating all information
furnished by Vystar regarding the possible hazards of, precautions concerning,
and safe-handling procedures utilized in dealing with: (1) the Vystar Raw
Materials, and (2) the Products to the extent not already disseminated by
Revertex as a result of Revertex’ activities other than Vystar Tolling.
6.5
Revertex shall not make any modifications to the Technical Documentation, the
Systems, the Vystar Technology, Application or the Products without the express
written approval of Vystar. If Revertex modifies or causes the modification
without Vystar’s approval of the Technical Documentation, Systems, Vystar
Technology, Application or the Products that are developed, manufactured,
marketed, distributed or sold, Revertex shall indemnify and hold harmless Vystar
against any and all claims, damages, fines, costs and expenses (including
without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of suit) resulting from
the defense, settlement and/or regulatory action related to Revertex’ use,
development, manufacture, packaging, marketing, sale, distribution or any other
Licensed Activity or other activity with respect to the unapproved modified
Products. This indemnification shall survive termination or expiration of the
Agreement.
6.6
In
compliance with Vystar’s quality assurance procedure, Revertex is required to
retain a sample measuring 500 cubic centimeters of Product after loading for
each tank truck delivery. The sample shall be retained for three (3) months
after each delivery. Provided that, in the event of a claim relating to any
Product delivered, the sample of the said Product delivered shall be retained
as
long as necessary.
6.7
Revertex, in performing its obligations under this Agreement, shall establish
and maintain appropriate business standards, procedures, and controls, including
those necessary to avoid any real or apparent impropriety or adverse impact
on
the interests of Vystar. Revertex shall review with Vystar at reasonable
frequency during performance of this Agreement, Revertex’s business standards,
procedures, and controls, including, without limitation, those related to the
activities of Revertex’s employees and agents in their relations with Vystar
employees, agents and representatives, suppliers, subcontractors and third
parties.
ARTICLE
VII.
No
Warranties
BOTH
VYSTAR AND REVERTEX
GIVE
NO
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY,
INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE with respect to the activities described in this Agreement
except as expressly set forth in this section. Neither party shall communicate
any warranties on behalf of the other to any customer to which it markets,
sells
or distributes the Products other than that expressly described herein. Each
party shall hold harmless and indemnify the other party for any warranties
that
it extends to any third party in violation of this provision.
IN
NO
EVENT WILL EITHER PARTY OR ANY OF ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE TO THE
OTHER PARTY FOR: (1) LOST PROFITS, LOST DATA OR LOST USE, OR ANY OTHER
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE
DAMAGES REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, WHETHER CONTRACT, TORT STRICT PRODUCT
LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF CUSTOMER OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS ADVISED THAT
PARTY OR ANY OF ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES;
(2) DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE OTHER PARTY’S FAILURE TO PERFORM ITS RESPONSIBILITIES
UNDER THIS AGREEMENT; (3) REPAIRS OR ALTERATIONS DONE WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN
APPROVAL OF THE OTHER PARTY; OR (4) USE OF THE OTHER PARTY’S TECHNOLOGY,
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION, SYSTEMS, OR APPLICATION OR ULTIMATE PRODUCTS IN A
MANNER THAT IS NOT AUTHORIZED BY THIS AGREEMENT. THE REMEDY OF CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES SHALL NOT BE AVAILABLE EVEN IN THE EVENT THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY
OF REPAIR AND/OR REPLACEMENT FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.
THIS
LIMITATION WILL NOT APPLY TO CLAIMS FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED SOLELY
BY THE NEGLIGENCE OF A PARTY OR ITS EMPLOYEES, SUBCONTRACTORS OR AGENTS.
ARTICLE
VIII. Reports, Records, Access & Audits
8.1
Revertex shall submit to Vystar its final report on the Development on or prior
to the date specified in the Plan.
8.2
In
the event that Revertex is unable to submit the final report by the specified
date as referred to in the preceding paragraph, Revertex shall notify Vystar
to
that effect without delay.
8.3
Vystar may from time to time request that Revertex make a report on the progress
of the Development and manufacture or other Licensed Activities and Vystar
shall
be entitled to provide instructions or assistance for, or be present at, the
implementation of the Development or manufacture and packaging, at the site
where Revertex carries out the Development and/or manufacture and
packaging.
8.4
Revertex shall keep accurate and thorough records in sufficient detail to enable
Vystar and/or any governmental or licensing body to inspect records and
activities related to the Development and other Licensed Activities. Upon
Vystar’s request, and after reasonable prior notice, Revertex shall permit
Vystar or an independent auditor to have access during ordinary business hours
to Revertex’ records and operation to determine Revertex’ compliance with this
Agreement and with respect to the Development and other Licensed Activities.
Such examination shall be at Vystar’s expense and shall not take place more than
once each six (6) months, unless required more often by a governmental or
licensing agency or Vystar has reason to believe Revertex may not be complying
with the Regulatory Requirements, the License or other obligations described
herein.
8.5
Revertex shall retain the original of the final report on the Development,
original data, experimental products, and other related materials in an
appropriate manner for a period of 3 years from the date on which the final
report is submitted to Vystar. The procedures after the expiration of the
retention period shall be determined through discussion between the
parties.
8.6
Revertex and Vystar agree that all transactions will be accurately reflected
in
their books and records, and that no funds or other assets will be paid directly
or indirectly to government officials (or persons acting on their behalf) for
the purpose of influencing government decisions or actions. Violation of this
policy will result in the immediate termination of this Agreement. No employee,
agent, contractor, subcontractor or other third party used by Vystar will have
the authority to give any direction, either written or oral, relating to the
making of any commitment by Revertex, Vystar or their agents to any third party
in violation of the terms of this section.
8.7
If
Revertex receives any request for audit, inspection, information or other action
by a governmental or licensing body, or other third party with respect to the
Products or the Application, Revertex shall immediately notify Vystar. If
Revertex becomes aware of any defect or other concern regarding the Products
or
Application which it knows or suspects may cause injury, harm or other hazards
associated with the use or control of the Products, Revertex shall immediately
inform Vystar of such and both parties will determine the appropriate course
of
action with respect to notifying any governmental authority, customers or other
third party(ies).
ARTICLE
IX
.
Product & Technology Discontinuation or Modification
9.1
Vystar reserves the right to modify or discontinue any Vystar Technology,
System, Technical Documentation, Application and resulting Product upon thirty
(30) days notice to Revertex. If such modification or discontinuation is due
to
Regulatory Requirements, as described in this Agreement, the notice period
of
such modification or discontinuation shall be pursuant to such Regulatory
Requirements and will be as stated in the notice to Revertex. In some cases,
this modification or discontinuation may be effective immediately.
9.2
In
the event that, prior to the completion of the Development, Vystar provides
Revertex with notice of discontinuation of all or part of the required test,
Revertex shall promptly discontinue the Development. The settlement of the
development fees accrued prior to the discontinuation shall be made by agreement
through discussion between the parties.
9.3
In cases where the Development is discontinued
pursuant to the preceding paragraphs, Revertex shall promptly provide to Vystar
the results of the Development achieved prior to the termination. The manner
to
deal with the original data and experimental products with respect to the
Development having been created prior to the discontinuation shall be determined
through discussion between the parties.
ARTICLE
X. Confidentiality
10.1
During the course of performing this Agreement, it is anticipated that both
Parties will learn Confidential Information of the other Party. Each Party
shall
keep confidential the Confidential Information and shall not use or disclose,
either directly or indirectly, to any person or entity the Confidential
Information of the other Party for any purpose other than as provided for in
this Agreement without the express, written permission of the other Party,
except that each Party may: (i) use the Confidential Information of the other
Party to carry out the activities expressly permitted hereunder; (ii) disclose
the Confidential Information of the other Party to those persons who have a
need
to know such Confidential Information in order to carry out the activities
expressly permitted hereunder on behalf of the Receiving Party and who are
bound
by confidentiality obligations no less stringent than those contained herein;
and (iii) disclose the Confidential Information as required by law or orders
from any government departments, legislative bodies or governing courts,
provided that, in such event, the Receiving Party subject to such obligation
shall promptly notify the Disclosing Party to allow intervention to contest
or
minimize the scope of the disclosure or apply for a protective order. Each
Party
agrees to take precautions to prevent unauthorized disclosure or use of the
Confidential Information, and such precautions shall be consistent with the
precautions used to protect the Receiving Party’s own confidential information
of like significance, but in no event less than the care exercised by a
reasonable business person in the protection of its valuable confidential
information. In the event that the Receiving Party learns or has reason to
believe that any person who has had access to the Confidential Information
of
the Disclosing Party has violated or intends to violate the terms of this
Agreement, the Receiving Party shall immediately notify the Disclosing Party
and
shall cooperate with the Disclosing Party in seeking any relief against any
such
person or violation.
10.2
In
the event of any unauthorized disclosure of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential
Information by any of the Receiving Party’s employees, vendors, contractors,
agents or other third party with access to the Disclosing Party’s Confidential
Information, the Disclosing Party shall have the right to commence legal
proceedings directly against such employee, vendor, contractor, agent or third
party, and such right shall be stipulated in the non-disclosure undertaking
executed by the Receiving Party’s employees, vendors, contractors, agents or
other third parties. The Parties hereto both acknowledge that damages that
would
be suffered by the Disclosing Party as a result of a breach of the provisions
of
this Article X may not be determinable and that an award of a monetary judgment
for such a breach would be an inadequate remedy. Consequently, the Disclosing
Party shall have the right, in addition to any other rights it may have, to
obtain, in any court of competent jurisdiction, injunctive relief or any other
equitable relief to restrain any breach or threatened breach of any provision
of
this Article X or otherwise to specifically enforce any of the provisions
hereof.
10.3
Confidential Information shall include, but shall not be limited to all aspects
of the Technology, Systems, Technical Documentation, Application and Products
shall be deemed as Confidential Information for all purposes and at all times.
Notwithstanding the above, the confidential obligation contained in this
paragraph shall not apply to any of the following information to the extent
that
it can be demonstrated in writing that the information:
1)
is
already known to the public through no violation of a nondisclosure obligation
at
the
time of disclosure by the other party;
2)
becomes known to the public without fault of the receiving party after the
disclosure by the other party;
3)
is
already in the possession of the receiving party at the time of disclosure
by
the other party;
4)
is
lawfully obtained without any obligation of confidentiality from a third party
who has the right to make such disclosure (subparagraphs 1-4 shall be referred
to as “Non-Confidential Information”); or
5)
is
required to be disclosed by any governmental or judicial agency, but only after
the Receiving Party has given the Disclosing Party notice of such disclosure
request and given the Disclosing Party an opportunity to object and/or seek
a
protective order.
10.4
The
Receiving Party must seek prior written approval from the Disclosing Party
for
any vendors, contractors, subcontractors, or other third parties that the
Receiving Party proposes to use for any work involving the Disclosing Party’s
Confidential Information. Any such vendors, contractors, subcontractors and
third parties must be bound by confidentiality, nondisclosure agreement
containing terms equivalent to those contained herein and the form of which
has
been approved by the Disclosing Party. The Receiving Party shall also procure
non-disclosure undertakings from its employees having access to the Confidential
Information on a need-to-know basis. The terms of the non-disclosure undertaking
shall be no less stringent than those contained herein.
10.5
All
Confidential Information of a Disclosing Party shall remain the sole property
of
such Disclosing Party. At the termination or expiration of this Agreement,
or at
any time the Disclosing Party requires, the Receiving Party shall return to
the
Disclosing Party all equipment, manuals, reports or other written or soft copy
information regardless of the form, whether originals, copies, derivative works,
test results or other information created by the Receiving Party reflecting
the
Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information, and shall not keep or retain any
copies of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information. The confidentiality
and nondisclosure obligations contained in this Article X shall survive
termination of this Agreement until such time as the Confidential Information
becomes Non-Confidential Information pursuant to the terms contained
herein.
ARTICLE
XI. Ownership of Results and Industrial & Intellectual Property
Rights
11.1
Any
manufacturing techniques or processes or any know how, in the broadest sense,
invented and/or developed under this Agreement shall be owned as follows. If
relating (i) to the Application and manufacturing processes related to the
Application, the Technical Documentation, Systems, Vystar Technology, and
resulting processes, components, manufacturing processes and SOPs or other
Vystar Confidential Information shall be Industrial Property Rights or other
intellectual property rights owned by Vystar (“Vystar Owned Property”; (ii) to
manufacturing processes of compounded latex and prevulcanized lattices not
relating to the Application, Revertex Technology, and resulting processes,
components, manufacturing processes and SOPs or other Revertex Confidential
Information shall be Industrial Property Rights or other intellectual property
rights owned by Revertex (“Revertex Owned Property”). All of the Technology
owned individually by either Vystar or Revertex, as defined herein, shall be
prosecuted by that party individually in their sole individual
discretion.
11.2
All
Improvements made to, which shall include derivative works made from, the
individually owned Technology, being either Vystar Owned Property or Revertex
Owned Property (“Owning Party”), the corresponding Technical Documentation,
Systems, Application or products by one or more employees or contractors of
the
non-Owning Party shall be works for hire and shall remain the exclusive property
of the Owning Party as part of the Owning Party’s Confidential Information.
11.2.1
Such Owning Party Improvements shall become subject to this Agreement; and
11.2.2
The expenses and costs in procuring and maintaining the intellectual property
protection for the Improvements shall be the responsibility of the Owning Party,
who shall determine whether to apply for patent or other appropriate protection
and, if so, which party shall prepare and prosecute such application and in
which countries corresponding applications shall be filed and by whom.
11.3
During the term of this Agreement, the non-Owning Party shall notify the Owning
Party of Improvements it or one of its contractors has made to the Owning
Party’s Technology. The non-Owning Party and/or its contractors, and their
employees, representatives and contractors shall cooperate fully with the Owning
Party in preparing, prosecuting, and otherwise securing such intellectual
property protection. Expenses of preparing, prosecuting and otherwise securing
such intellectual property protection shall be borne by the Owning
Party.
11.4
All
results obtained by any of the tests carried out shall be vested in the Owning
Party, as defined herein, and the Owning Party may use such results without
any
restriction.
11.5
If a
Party becomes aware that the Products infringes upon an Intellectual Property
Right of a third party, it will promptly notify the other Party thereof in
writing. In such event, each Party will do everything possible to cure the
Products from a potential infringement in order to avoid as much as possible
an
infringement suit. In case an infringement suit is nevertheless instituted
by a
third party against one or both of the Parties, each Party will equally
participate in any and all costs for the defense thereof. If the other Party
does not respond favorably to the registered letter within thirty (30) days
after the date it has been sent, the initiating Party will have the right to
bring a claim or legal action against such infringing entity in such country,
the costs and proceeds of which will be borne and recovered by that initiating
Party solely.
11.6
In
case a counterclaim relating to the Products is instituted against the
initiating Party, it will immediately inform the other Party thereof by
registered letter or courier with signature evidencing delivery mentioning
all
details relating to such counterclaim. In such case, the initiating Party will
make available to the other Party any defense in such counterclaim and the
other
Party will have the right to join the initiating party in the claim or legal
action at any time possible and/or to participate in the defense of the
counterclaim. Any participation and/or observations will be taken into account
by the initiating Party in as far as reasonable. In the event that the other
Party joins the initiating Party, the costs and proceeds will be handled as
if
the parties had jointly brought the claim or legal action.
11.7
No
settlement by the initiating Party will diminish the rights or interests of
the
other Party in the Products without the other Party’s prior and explicit written
consent.
ARTICLE
XII.
Health Hazards and Insurance
12.1
In
the event that in the course of implementation of the Development or any of
the
Licensed Activities any employee of Revertex has suffered damage to his/her
health caused by or in connection with the Products, Revertex shall take
immediate necessary actions and promptly notify Vystar to that effect, and
both
parties shall discuss and determine necessary matters including the
determination as to whether or not the scheduled test shall continue to be
carried out.
12.2
Revertex shall maintain and keep in force during the term of this Agreement
premises, workers’ compensation, general public liability insurance and any
other insurance against any insurable claim which might or could arise regarding
the development, manufacturing and packaging or any of the Licensed Activities
of the Products. Revertex shall add Vystar as an additional insured on Revertex’
insurance policies, and shall provide Vystar with a copy of such. Revertex
shall
notify Vystar immediately upon any modification, termination or expiration
in
coverages.
ARTICLE
XIII.
Indemnification
13.1
Each
Party (the “Indemnifying Party”) shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the
other Party (the “Indemnified Party”) and its parent, sister and subsidiary
companies, affiliates, directors, supervisors, officers, employees, agents,
representatives and consultants (“Indemnified Persons”) from and against any and
all claims, actions, damages, fines, losses, expenses, costs (including without
limitation reasonable attorneys’ fees and litigation or arbitration costs) or
other liability incurred by the Indemnified Party and Indemnified Persons,
arising out of or relating to any allegation of or actual breach of any: (1)
term or condition of this Agreement; (2) any representation, warranty or
covenant of the Indemnifying Party under this Agreement; (3) any negligence
or
willful misconduct; (4) any claims of damages by any third party resulting
from
any act or omission of the Indemnifying Party; and/or (5) any infringement
or
violation by the Indemnifying Party of any third person’s intellectual property
rights arising as a result of the Indemnifying Party’s entering into and/or
performance of or attempt to perform this Agreement and/or (6) any violation
of
the Regulatory Requirements. Provided that the Indemnified Party shall provide
to the Indemnifying Party prompt written notice of any such claim for which
indemnification is sought and shall further provide reasonable cooperation
in
the defense and all related settlement negotiations thereof. The Indemnifying
Party shall have the sole right to control the defense of a claim for which
indemnification is sought hereunder. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing,
the
Indemnified Party shall have the right, in its absolute discretion and at its
sole cost, to employ attorneys of its own choice in the defense of such claim.
Neither Party shall have any liability for claims arising out of the other
Party’s use of the Technology, the Technical Documentation, the Systems, and/or
the Products not authorized by this Agreement or with any changes not approved
by the other party.
13.2
Each
Party shall bear all costs and expenses incurred in relation to any claim or
cause of action due to that Party’s own misconduct or negligence.
13.3
Where such injury, death, loss or damage is the result of the joint or
concurrent negligence or misconduct of both Revertex and Vystar or their
respective agents, employees, representatives, or contractors, Revertex’s duty
of indemnification shall be reduced in the same proportion attributed to the
negligence or misconduct of Vystar, its agents, contractors, employees or
representatives.
ARTICLE
XIV. Term & Termination
14.1
Term.
This
Agreement shall become effective on the Effective Date and shall remain in
full
force and effect for three (3) years from the Effective Date, unless and until
earlier terminated hereunder or unless modified by any term provision in the
Plan or Confirmation. This Agreement shall be renewable for successive 2-year
terms upon mutual agreement of the Parties ninety (90) days prior to each
previous term’s expiration.
14.2
Termination
without Cause.
Either
Party may terminate this agreement upon one hundred twenty (120) days notice
to
the other Party.
14.3
Termination
with Cause.
Unless
otherwise provided by law, either Party may terminate this Agreement in the
event that the other Party breaches any provision of this Agreement after the
non-breaching party serves the breaching party with a notification specifying
a
reasonable period of time, but in no case less than ten (10) days, during which
the breach shall be remedied and, if the breaching party fails to remedy the
breach within the specified period, the non-breaching party may terminate this
Agreement and/or the then effective Plan and Confirmation and may claim from
the
breaching party direct and ordinary damages resulting from the termination.
This
liability for damages shall not apply to indirect, special, incidental,
consequential or any other damages than the direct or ordinary
damages.
14.4
Termination
Upon Occurrence of Events.
Either
Party hereto may immediately terminate this Agreement upon delivering notice
to
the other party if any of the following events occurs:
14.4.1
Thirty percent (30%) or more of the assets of the other party becomes subject
to
attachment, provisional attachment, provisional disposition, public sale,
procedures for tax delinquency, petition for an auction sale, or any other
sanctions imposed by public authorities;
14.4.2
A
petition is filed by or against the other party for the institution of
proceedings for corporate arrangement, civil rehabilitation or special
liquidation, or for bankruptcy, which is not dismissed within thirty (30)
days;
14.4.3
An
order is issued by a competent regulatory agency to suspend the business of,
or
revoke the business license or business registration of, the other party that
is
related to this Agreement;
14.4.4
The other party becomes unable to make any payment or becomes insolvent, or
the
financial standing of the other party has otherwise seriously deteriorated,
or
there is a reasonable ground to suspect the deterioration and acceptable
reassurances have not been given after twenty (20) days notice of such
suspicions.
14.5
Upon
the termination of this Agreement Revertex shall cease to use any of the
Technology, Systems, Products, Application or Technical Documentation, unless
otherwise authorized by Vystar, and shall promptly return to Vystar all
information, Technical Documentation (including copies thereof) and the
remaining sample substance of the Application or any Product.
14.6
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the termination of this Agreement shall not
relieve either Party of any liability or obligation accrued prior to such
termination, and such termination shall not affect any provision, which shall
be
effective after such termination as stipulated or implied herein. The exercising
of its rights in this Article XIV by either Party shall not impair the
exercising of other rights of such Party pursuant to provisions of law or
herein, including, but not limited to the right of the terminating party to
claim damages.
ARTICLE
XV. Force Majeure
15.1
Notwithstanding any provisions herein, no Party shall be held liable or
responsible to the other Party for failure or delay in fulfilling or performing
any obligation under this Agreement if such failure or delay is caused by
actions, inactions or events which are beyond the reasonable control of the
affected Party, the effect of which is to prevent or interfere with such Party’s
performance hereunder, including but not limited to any weather; natural
disasters; government action or inaction or other governmental laws, orders,
restrictions, embargos or blockades; war; national or regional emergency; city
riot or other civil disobedience; revolution or rebellion; strike or other
work
stoppage; fire; explosion; flood; sabotage; pestilence; accident or breakdown
of
machinery, unavailability of fuel, labor, containers or transportation
facilities; accidents of navigation or breakdown or damage of vessels, or other
conveyances for air, land or sea or other impediments or hindrances to
transportation; or any other circumstances of like or different character
commonly referred to as an act of God or force majeure. Each Party agrees to
give the other Party prompt written notice of the occurrence of any such
condition and shall make all reasonable efforts to perform despite such
occurrence. In the event of that such condition continues for more than three
(3) months, the Parties may consult with each other to determine whether or
not
to terminate this Agreement.
15.2
Notwithstanding the aforesaid, the Parties shall perform obligations stipulated
herein as soon as possible after the end of such force majeure.
ARTICLE
XVI. Jurisdiction
Vystar
and Revertex agree that any disputes arising out of or in connection with this
Agreement shall be governed by Georgia law in the United States of America
(“U.S.A.”) and submitted into a court of competent jurisdiction in Atlanta,
Georgia, U.S.A..
ARTICLE
XVII. Matters subject to Discussion/Entire
Agreement/Amendment
This
Agreement, along with its Schedules, Plans and Confirmations constitutes the
entire understanding between the Parties, and supersede all previous
undertakings, agreements, and understandings, whether oral or written, between
the Parties hereto. No modification, amendment or alteration of this Agreement
shall be effective unless agreed to in writing signed by both Parties. Any
matters not provided for in this Agreement or any doubts arising in connection
with the interpretation of this Agreement shall be resolved through good faith
discussions between the parties hereto.
ARTICLE
XVIII. Notice
All
notices, requests and other communications under this Agreement shall be in
writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered by hand or
by
registered return mail to:
In
case of Vystar
:
William
Doyle
President
& COO
3235
Satellite Blvd.
Building
400, Suite 290
Duluth,
GA 30096
Phone:
+1
770-965-0383
Fax:
+1
770-965-0162
In
case of Revertex
__
Revertex
(M) Sdn. Bhd.
__
_______________________
Attn:
Chong
Yee Ming
__
Phone:
+
607-770-1300
____
Fax:
+__
607-776-7062
____
Provided,
however, that if a Party shall have designated a different address by notice
to
the other Party, then to the last address so designated. Either Party may change
its address by giving written notice to the other Party.
ARTICLE
XIX. Relationship of the Parties/No Third-Party
Beneficiaries
19.1
The
relationship between Vystar and Revertex is that of independent contractors
with
respect to all matters related to this Agreement. Each Party agrees that
discretionary authority over all significant business matters with respect
to
the other Party and its Technology rests with the owning Party, and the
non-owning Party shall have no authority, whether express or implied, to make
contracts, representations, warranties or any other obligations in the name
of,
or binding upon, the owning Party. Neither Party shall be responsible for the
other Party’s acts .
19.2
This
Agreement is made for the benefit of the Parties hereto and is not intended
to
benefit any third parties and shall not be available for enforcement or benefit
of any third parties not a Party to this Agreement as evidenced by a duly
authorized signature hereto.
ARTICLE
XX. Severability
If
a
court or arbitrative panel of competent jurisdiction finds any provision of
this
Agreement to be invalid or unenforceable, the provisions of this Agreement
shall
be separable and such invalid or unenforceable term(s) shall be ineffective
in
the affected jurisdictions to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability
without invalidating the remaining provisions of this Agreement. The remaining
provisions of this Agreement and the invalidated provisions in other
non-affected jurisdictions shall remain in full force and effect until the
Agreement terminates or expires.
ARTICLE
XXI. Waiver
The
waiver by either Party of a breach of any provision of this Agreement shall
not
operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach of that particular
provision or any other provision on the Agreement. Failure by any Party at
any
time to enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not affect or
impair such provisions in any way, or the right of any Party at any time to
avail itself of any remedies it may have for breach of such provisions pursuant
to this Agreement, either in equity or in law.
Article
XXII Taxes
22.1
Vystar shall reimburse Revertes for any existing taxes which Revertex may be
required to pay upon the production, transportation, delivery, use, possession
or storage of the Products, but not taxes upon, or measured by, the income
of
Revertex or the Raw Materials. Vystar shall provide Revertex, upon request,
with
properly completed exemption certificates for any tax from which Vystar claims
an exception.
22.2
Unless
it
elects otherwise, Vystar shall reimburse Revertex for any new taxes or increase
in existing taxes which Revertex may be required to pay upon the production,
transportation, delivery, use, possession or storage of the Product (other
than
taxes upon, or measured by, the income of Revertex or the Raw Materials) if
Revertex provides Vystar with written notice of such new or increased tax.
However, within thirty (30) days after receiving such written notice from
Revertex, Vystar may elect by written notice to Revertex not to reimburse
Revertex, in which event Revertex may terminate this Agreement upon written
notice. If Vystar does not give written notice of its ele tion not to reimburse
Revertex, Vystar shall reimburse Revertex for such new or increased
taxes.
22.3
Notwithstanding
the above, Vystar shall render all of its property stored or retained at
Revertex’ facilities to the appropriate government authorities for the purposes
of determining any personal property tax that may be assessed against such
property. Vystar shall pay any personal property tax assessed against its
property directly to the appropriate government authorities.
ARTICLE
XXIII. Parts
This
Agreement may be executed in two (2) or more counterparts, which together shall
form a single agreement as if both Parties had executed the same document.
ARTICLE
XXIV. S
urvival
The
following Sections and Articles shall survive the termination of expiration
of
this Agreement: Jurisdiction Article XVI, Effect of Termination Section 14.5,
Indemnification Article XIII, Ownership Article XII, Confidentiality Article
X,
Records Retention Section 8.5, No Warranties Article VII, and Audit Section
8.7.
In
witness hereof, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed
in
duplicate with their respective names and seals affixed thereto, and each Party
shall retain one copy thereof.
Date:
April 11, 2008
Vystar
Corporation
|
|
|
Signature:
/s/
|
|
EXHIBIT
A
PLAN
CONFIDENTIAL
VYTEX
Ô
NRL SOP
Preparation
of Vytex
Ô
Natural
Rubber Latex from Field Latex
Authors:
Travis Honeycutt, Matt Clark, Vystar Corporation
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Purpose
The
purpose of this procedure is to describe a means of chemically reducing the
antigenic protein (AP) level in natural field rubber latex without diminishing
the physical properties of the latex.
1.2
Procedure
This
procedure is performed prior to concentration. The beginning feedstock is field
latex, containing approximately 27% total solids content (TSC) prior to
de-sludging.
1.3
Results
The
protein results of this procedure are to be determined by Donald Guthrie
Foundation Education Research Institute, an independent laboratory analysis
using the ASTM D6499-03 Inhibition ELISA protocol. Once the aging process is
completed, as proscribed in Section 4.2, a sample of the batch should be sent
within three (3) days to the following address for protein testing:
LEAP
Testing Service
c/o
Donald Guthrie Foundation for Education & Research Inc
Attn:
Dr.
David Kostyal
One
Guthrie Square
Sayre,
Pennsylvania 18840
Phone:
(570) 882-4645
Fax:
(570) 882-4666 or 882-5151
E-mail:
LTS@guthrie.org
2.0
PREPARATION OF CHEMICALS TO TREAT 1 KG OF FIELD LATEX (
***********************
3.0
MIXING
& CENTRIFUGING of VYTEX
Ô
NATURAL RUBBER LATEX
***********************
*************
THESE PORTIONS OF THIS EXHIBIT HAVE BEEN OMITTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH
THE
COMMISSION PURSUANT TO A REQUEST FOR CONFIDENTIAL
TREATMENT
4.0
CONCLUSION
& DISCUSSION
4.1
A
charged surfactant is mixed with the natural rubber latex emulsion and stirred
to extract or ‘wash’ the proteins from the cisisoprene micelles. The
surfactant acts on the protein molecules through van der Waal forces or weak
hydrogen bonding to bring the protein into the hydrophilic phase. Excess
surfactant is used to keep the micelles suspended in the hydrophilic
phase. Meanwhile, insoluble aluminum hydroxide is added to the
emulsion which captures the proteins with electron pair sharing bonding.
The resultant insoluble complex is separated from the emulsion by centrifuging
or filtration.
4.2
Similar to existing practices by processors of latex, Vytex NRL should be stored
for 21 days for maturation purposes prior to distribution. Further, the
Certificate of Analysis (COA) that will accompany every Vytex NRL, as described
in the Services of Exhibit D, should only include test results taken immediately
after the 21 day maturation process. An example of the COA is attached for
reference. The following is a list of parameters with definitions for
completion;
|
·
|
Date
Issued: The initial starting date of the production run. This should
be listed by month & day and year. For example- February 2,
2008
|
|
·
|
Lot#:
The lot # is defined by the month, day, and last two digits of the
year. Also noted will be the trial run. For example-
020208/12
|
|
·
|
Product
Name: The product name will always be defined as Vytex™
NRL
|
|
·
|
Customer:
The customer will define the recipient of Vytex NRL. For example-
Regent Hospital Products Sdn Bhd
|
|
·
|
Address:
The address will reflect the destination of the Vytex NRL material.
For example- Lot 9, Lorong Perusahaan 4, Kulim Industrial Estate
09000
Kulim, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
|
The
test
result for each property measured should be the median value of at least three
samples measured per property.
Vytex
Ô
Natural Rubber Latex (NRL)
DATE
ISSUED:
February
2, 2008
LOT
#:
|
020208/12
|
|
|
PRODUCT
NAME:
|
VYTEX
TM
NRL
|
|
|
CUSTOMER:
|
|
|
|
ADDRESS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Properties
Measured and Units of Measurement
|
|
Test
Date
|
|
Test
Method
|
|
Test
Result
|
|
Specification
|
|
TSC
(%)
|
|
2-25-08
|
|
ISO
124
|
|
|
60.40
|
|
|
60-62
|
|
Alkalinity
(%)
|
|
2-25-08
|
|
ISO
125
|
|
|
0.71
|
|
|
0.60-0.80
|
|
VFA
no.
|
|
2-25-08
|
|
ISO
506
|
|
|
0.016
|
|
|
0.070
Max
|
|
Viscosity,
cPs
(sp 2/60)
|
|
2-25-08
|
|
ISO
1652
|
|
|
62.5
|
|
|
20-100
|
|
Mechanical
Stability Test (MST)
|
|
2-25-08
|
|
ISO
35
|
|
|
1,800
|
|
|
800-2,500
|
|
Coagulum
(mesh#
80) ppm
|
|
2-25-08
|
|
ISO
706
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
100
Max
|
|
pH
|
|
2-25-08
|
|
ISO
976
|
|
|
10.87
|
|
|
10-11.5
|
|
We
certify that we have tested a representative sample from the above product.
All
tests are carried out in accordance to the following stated QC Test Methods
based on relevant standards.
All
the
test samples were prepared in accordance to Sampling Method ISO
123.
The
measurement of uncertainty of the tests is
available upon request.
|
Approved
Signatory
|
|
|
Name
|
|
|
|
Designation
|
|
Vystar
Corporation
•
3235
Satellite Boulevard, Bldg.400, Ste. 290 • Duluth, GA 30096 • V 770.965.0383 • F
770.965.0162 • www.vytex.com
EXHIBIT
B
TRADEMARKS
Revertex
shall place the following trademark label on all packaging and/or bills of
lading shipping the Vytex™ NRL. The size of this label shall be appropriate for
the size of the packaging. For example, for sample-sized shipments, the label
shall be no smaller than 4 inches by 6 inches. For 55 gallon drum-sized
shipments, the Vytex label shall be no smaller than 8 inches by 12 inches.
Vystar shall provide Revertex with the graphics for such labeling.
If
the
Vytex order is in a larger sized vessel than a 55-gallon drum, the Vytex label
shall be placed on the bill of lading accompanying that shipment. The Vytex
trademark label on the bills of lading shall be no smaller than 2 inches by
3
inches.
Revertex
shall also comply with the following additional usage requirements:
|
1.
|
The
Vytex logo must be present on all Vytex NRL products and
samples.
|
|
2.
|
Revertex
must not obstruct the Vytex logo by placing any other elements either
on
or too close to the logo.
|
|
3.
|
The
Vytex oval shape must not be used as a decorative
element.
|
|
4.
|
Revertex
must not add any trademark symbol to any of the Vytex or other Vystar
products or in conjunction with the Vytex or Vystar logos that do
not
already appear there from Vystar.
|
|
5.
|
Revertex
may only use the Vystar and Vytex logo or oval symbol in connection
with
the packing and shipping of Vytex consistent with the terms in this
Manufacturing Agreement.
|
Revertex
may use the Vystar and Vytex trademarks only as provided for herein unless
expressly approved in writing by Vystar.
The
following is the Vytex logo.
Vytex™
is a trademark of Vystar Corporation, Duluth, Ga
The
following is the Vytex logo as it should be used on product
labeling.
Vytex™
NRL
Production
Date: _________
Vytex™
is a trademark of Vystar Corporation, Duluth, Ga
EXHIBIT
C
FEES
The
Fees
shall be all-inclusive for the Services, as described in this Agreement and
as
listed in Exhibit D. The Fees shall be calculated initially* as
follows:
1.
***************,
plus
2.
***************,
plus
3.
***************,
plus
4.
***************.
*
With an increase in volume of Vytex NRL toll manufacturing, the parties shall
negotiate a volume discount schedule.
*************
THESE PORTIONS OF THIS EXHIBIT HAVE BEEN OMITTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH
THE
COMMISSION PURSUANT TO A REQUEST FOR CONFIDENTIAL
TREATMENT
EXHIBIT
D
REVERTEX
SERVICES
The
Revertex Services shall include all activities required to follow the procedures
outlined in the Plan and SOP as described in Exhibit A and in the Agreement
generally. Without limiting the foregoing, the Services shall include the
following:
|
1.
|
Procurement
of all raw materials and raw latex required to manufacture the Vytex™ NRL,
as described in the Plan and SOP attached hereto as Exhibit
A.
|
|
2.
|
Mixing
of all materials required to required to manufacture the Vytex
NRL.
|
|
3.
|
Centrifuging
of the NRL and the Vytex NRL mixture after application of the Vytex
process and chemicals pursuant to the SOP in Exhibit
A.
|
|
4.
|
Holding
and Aging of the Vytex NRL mixture.
|
|
6.
|
Testing
each batch and/or lot of Vytex NRL and providing a Certificate of
Analysis
(“COA”) in triplicate with the standard parameters. Revertex shall: (i)
send 1 copy of the COA to Vystar upon completion of the testing,
(ii) keep
1 copy for the required record retention period (no less than 10
years)
and shall send the 3
rd
copy to the customer designated for that batch and/or lot number
as
prescribed by Vystar.
|
|
7.
|
Packaging
the Vytex NRL for shipment.
|
|
8.
|
Arranging
for and putting into the hands of the common carrier mutually agreed
to by
the parties.
|
|
9.
|
Notifying
Vystar on a periodic basis agreed to by the parties of the status
of
manufacturing, inventory and shipment, and as otherwise requested
by
Vystar.
|
|
10.
|
Submitting
the reports to Vystar on the manufacturing process and test results
as
requested by Vystar on the intervals mutually agreed to by the parties,
but in no event less than
quarterly.
|
|
11.
|
Participating
in periodic conference calls and/or meetings to review the Services
and
experiences.
|
|
12.
|
Participate
in and be available for communications with Vystar clients and prospective
clients on specifications and other discussions regarding Vytex
NRL.
|
|
13.
|
Other
services as mutually agreed to by the
parties.
|
EXHIBIT
E
MATERIAL
SAFETY DATA SHEETS
EXHIBIT
F
REVERTEX
STORAGE FACILITIES DESCRIPTION
EXECUTIVE
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
THIS
EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
(“Agreement”) made and entered into on this 11
th
day of November,
2008 (the "Effective Date"), by and between Vystar Corporation, a Georgia
corporation (the "Company"), and William R. Doyle, a resident of the State
of
Georgia ("Employee").
In
consideration of the employment by the Company and of the compensation and
other
remuneration paid, and to be paid, by the Company and received by Employee
for
such employment, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt
and
sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged by Employee, it is agreed by and
between the parties hereto as follows:
1.
Definitions.
For
purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings
specified below:
"
Business
"
- the
research, development, manufacturing, marketing, distribution, licensing and
offering of products, services and technologies offered by the Company as of
the
Effective Date and as may be offered by Company during the term of this
Agreement, including all renewals. Such products, services and technologies
include, but are not limited to, marketing, selling, distributing and developing
natural rubber latex (NRL) raw material and related products and services to
processors, manufacturers, distributors and other parties who use and/or
purchase NRL as a raw material and/or who manufacture products using NRL.
“Competitor”
-
means
any
Person (as defined herein) offering, selling, distributing, processing,
developing, licensing or manufacturing NRL and related products, services and
technologies to or for processors, manufacturers, distributors and other parties
who use, manufacture, process and/or purchase NRL raw material and/or who
manufacture end products using NRL raw materials or a synthetic alternative
to
NRL in competition with Company or any of its subsidiaries
.
|
|
"
Confidential
Information
"
-
information relating to the operations, customers, or finances of
the
Company, or the Business, that derives value from not being generally
known to other Persons, including, but not limited to, technical
or
nontechnical data, formulas, patterns, compilations, programs, devices,
methods, techniques, drawings, processes, financial data, and lists
of or
identifying information about actual or potential customers or suppliers,
including all customer lists, whether or not reduced to writing,
certain
patented and unpatented information relating to the research and
development, manufacture or serving of the Company's products, information
concerning proposed new products, market feasibility studies and
proposed
or existing marketing techniques or plans, and all information defined
as
a “Trade Secret” pursuant to the Georgia Trade Secrets Act or otherwise by
Georgia law. Confidential Information also includes the same types
of
information relating to the operations, customers, finances, or Business
of any affiliate of the Company, if such information is learned by
Employee during the term of this Agreement or in connection with
Employee's performance of Services, as defined herein. Con-fidential
Information also includes information disclosed to the Company by
third
parties that the Company is obligated to maintain as confiden-tial.
Confidential Information may include information that is not a Trade
Secret, but Confiden-tial Information that is not also a Trade Secret
shall constitute Confidential Information only for five (5) years
after
the Termination Date. Confidential Information does not include
information generally available to the public through no violation
of a
confidentiality or non-disclosure obligation owed to
Company;
|
|
|
"
Customer
"
-
any customer of the Company in the Territory that Employee, during
the
term of this Agreement, (i) provided goods or services to or solicited
on
behalf of the Company; or (ii) about whom Employee possesses Confidential
Information;
|
|
|
"
Person
"
-
any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company,
association, municipality, government agency, government, unin-corporated
organization or other entity;
|
|
|
"
Services
"
-
the duties and functions that Employee shall provide in the Territory
as
an employee of the Company and as further outlined on Exhibit
B;
|
|
|
"
Termination
Date
"
-
the last day Employee is employed by the Com-pany, whether the termination
is voluntary or involuntary and whether with or without cause;
|
“Territory”
- shall
be the geographic region in which Employee initially and/or within the last
eighteen (18) months during the term of this Agreement provides the Services.
Territory shall be more fully described in Exhibit B along with Employee’s
description of Services.
2.
Employment:
The
Company agrees to employ Employee and Employee agrees that Employee will devote
Employee’s full productive time, skill, energy, knowledge and best efforts
during the period of Employee’s employment to such duties as the Board of
Directors of the Company may reasonably assign to Employee, and Employee will
faithfully and diligently endeavor to the best of Employee’s ability to further
the best interest of the Company during the period of Employee’s employment.
However, Employee is not prohibited from making personal investments in any
other businesses, as long as those investments do not require Employee to
participate in the operation of the companies in which Employee invests and
such
other businesses are not in competition with the Company or any of its
subsidiaries (“Competitor”). Employee may invest in any publicly traded company
registered on a bona fide stock exchange without reservation.
3.
Terms
of Employment:
Employee's employment pursuant to this Agreement will begin on the
1
st
day of November, 2008, and will continue uninterrupted unless
terminated by either party pursuant to the Termination Section herein. This
Agreement shall supersede all terms of employment previously executed and
existing prior to the execution of this Agreement.
4.
Compensation:
On the
terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, (i) the Company will
pay
Employee a salary and a bonus determined in accordance with Exhibit A, (ii)
Employee will be entitled to participate in the Company’s 2004 Long-Term
Incentive Compensation Plan (“Stock Option Plan”), or such other employee stock
option plan as may be in effect from time to time, and (iii) the Company will
provide Employee with employee benefits consistent with those provided by the
Company to similarly situated executives. The employee benefits provided by
the
Company as of the date hereof shall also be distributed to Employee. The Company
reserves the sole and unilateral right to modify any and all employee benefits
at any time in its sole discretion.
5.
Title,
Duties and Conduct of Employee:
The
Employee’s initial title shall be President, Chief Executive Officer, and
Chairman of the Board, and shall report to the Board of Directors of Company.
Employee shall perform such duties and functions for the Company as shall be
specified from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Company, including,
but not limited to the duties and functions expressly set forth on Schedule
B,
and which are consistent therewith (“Services”).
a.
Disparagement.
Employee
shall not at any time make false, misleading or disparaging statements about
the
Company, including the Business, management, employees and/or
Customers.
b.
Prior
Agreements.
Employee
represents and warrants that Employee is not under any obligation, contractual
or otherwise, limiting, impairing or affecting Employee's performance of
Services. Upon execution of this Agreement, Employee shall give the Company
any
agreement with a prior employer or other Person purporting to limit or affect,
in any way, Employee's ability to work for the Company, to solicit customers
or
potential customers or employees or to use any type of information.
c.
Confidential
Information.
Employee
shall protect Confidential Information. Except as required in connection with
work for the Company, Employee will not use, disclose or give to others, during
or after Employee's employment, any Confidential Information.
d.
Compliance
with Company Policies and Laws.
At all
times while performing Services, Employee shall comply with all laws and
regulations applicable to Employee and/or Company. Employee shall at all times
comply with all Company policies and procedures. Failure to comply with this
Section shall be grounds for Termination For Cause, as described in Section
9
Term and Termination.
6.
Illness
or Incapacity:
Employee
is entitled to paid-time off and absence from Employee’s duties during regular
work hours for any reason for a total of four (4) weeks each calendar year
(“PTO”). If Employee cannot perform his/her duties because of major illness or
incapacity for more than a total of ninety (90) days in any year, the Company
may terminate this Agreement upon thirty (30) days' written notice to Employee.
Employee is not entitled to receive, and the Company shall not be required
to
pay, Employee's compensation hereunder for absences because of major illness
or
incapacity other than the total of ninety (90) days in each year granted to
Employee under this Section 6.
7.
Ownership
of Information
a.
Work
For Hire Acknowledgment; Assignment.
All
writings, draw-ings, photographs, tapes, recordings, strategies, formulas,
operating procedures, patents, product developments, computer programs and
other
works in any tangible medium of expression, regardless of the form of medium,
which have been or are prepared by Employee, or to which Employee contributes,
in connection with Employee's employ-ment by the Company, whether patented,
copyrighted, trademarked or otherwise (collectively the "Works") and all
copyrights, patents, trademarks and other rights in and to the Works, belong
solely, irrevocably and exclusively throughout the world to the Company as
works
made for hire. However, to the extent any court or agency should conclude that
the Works (or any of them) do not constitute or qualify as a "work made for
hire," Employee hereby assigns, grants and delivers, solely, irrevocably,
exclusively and throughout the world to the Company all ownership and other
rights to the Works. Employee also agrees to cooperate with the Company and
to
execute such other further grants and assignments of all rights as the Company
from time to time reasonably may request for the purpose of evidencing,
enforcing, filing, registering or defending its ownership of the Works and
the
copyrights in them, and Employee hereby irrevoca-bly constitutes and appoints
the Company as Employee's agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power of
substitu-tion, in Employee's name, place and stead, to execute and deliver
any
and all such assignments or other instruments which Employee shall fail or
refuse promptly to execute and deliver, this power and agency being coupled
with
an interest and being irrevo-cable. Without limiting the preceding provisions
of
this Paragraph 7(a), Employee agrees that the Company may edit and otherwise
modify, and use, publish and otherwise exploit, the Works in all media and
in
such manner as the Company, in its discretion, may determine.
b.
Inventions,
Ideas and Patents.
Employee
shall disclose promptly to the Company (which shall receive it in confidence),
and only to the Company, any invention or idea of Employee (developed alone
or
with others) conceived or made during Employee's employment by the Company
(or,
if related to the Business, during employment or within one year after the
Termination Date). Employee assigns to the Company any such invention or idea
in
any way connected with Employee's employment or related to the Business,
research or development of the Company, or demonstrably anticipated research
or
development of the Company, and will cooperate with the Company and sign all
papers deemed necessary by the Company to enable it to obtain, maintain, protect
and defend patents covering such inventions and ideas and to confirm the
exclusive ownership of the Company of all rights in such inventions, ideas
and
patents, and irrevoca-bly appoints the Company as its agent to execute and
deliver any assignments or documents Employee fails or refuses to execute and
deliver promptly, this power and agency being coupled with an interest and
being
irrevocable. This constitutes written notification to Employee that this
assignment does not apply to an invention for which no equipment, supplies,
facility or Trade Secret information of the Company or any Customer was used
and
which was developed entirely on Employee's own time, unless (a) the invention
relates (i) directly to the Business or (ii) to the actual or demonstrably
anticipated research or develop-ment of the Company, or (b) the invention
results from any work performed by Employee for the Company.
8.
Nonsolicitation;
Noncompetition
.
a.
|
Non-Solicitation
of Customers.
During the term of this Agreement, and for one (1) year after the
Termination Date, Employee will not solicit Customers within the
Territory
for the purpose of providing products or services comparable to those
provided by the Business, except on behalf of the
Company.
|
b.
|
Non-Solicitation
of Company Employees.
During the term of this Agreement and for one (1) year after the
Termination Date, Employee will not solicit for employment with another
Person anyone who is an employee of the
Company.
|
|
c.
|
Non-Compete.
During the term of this Agreement and for one (1) year after the
Termination Date, Employee will not provide services substantially
similar
to Services within the Territory to any Competitor. Employee shall
be
prohibited from providing in the Territory in competition with the
Company
in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, including the Services
expressly set forth on Schedule B attached hereto. Employee acknowledges
that Employee has been informed of and discussed with the Company
the
specific activities that Employee will perform as Services and that
Employee understands the scope of the activities that constitute
Services
and the Territory under this Agreement. In exchange for entering
into this
noncompete during the one-year period after Termination of this Agreement,
Employee shall be compensated as described in Effect of Termination,
Section 9.c.
|
|
d.
|
Future
Employment Opportunities.
Prior to and for one (1) year after the Termination Date, Employee
shall
(a) provide any employer with a copy of this Agreement, and (b) upon
accepting any position, provide the Company with the employer's name
and a
description of the services, if any, Employee will provide for such
employer.
|
9.
Termination
.
At all
times, Employee’s employment shall be subject to “employment at will”. This
Agreement and the employment of Employee may be terminated as
follows:
a.
Without
Cause
.
Either
party may terminate this Agreement upon thirty (30) days notice to the other
party.
b.
For
Cause.
(1)
By
the
Company (i) pursuant to Paragraph 6 , (ii) upon conviction of the Employee
of
any felony or material misdemeanor under federal, state or local laws or
ordinances, except traffic violations (iii) upon the failure of Employee to
reasonably, diligently or competently discharge the duties assigned to him
pursuant to this Agreement; (iv) if Employee engages in any act of dishonesty
or
bad faith with respect to the Company; (v) if Employee uses alcohol, drugs
or
other similar substances in a manner that adversely affects Employee’s work
performance; (vi) Employee otherwise commits any act or crime reflecting
unfavorably upon the Company or
(2)
(i)
By
Employee upon thirty (30) days' written notice to the Company for any breach
of
this Agreement by Company and failure to cure within that thirty (30) day notice
period; or
(3)
By
the
Company upon any breach by Employee of any of the terms and conditions of this
Agreement or the breach by Employee of any representation or warranty made
to
the Company herein or in any other agreement, document or instrument executed
by
Employee and delivered to the Company, or should any representation or warranty
made by Employee hereunder or thereunder prove to have been false or misleading
in any material respect when made or furnished; or
(4)
Immediately
by the Company upon the death or incapacitation of more than ninety (90) days
of
Employee.
c.
Effect
of Termination.
(1)
In
the
event Employee is terminated by the Company without cause, the Company shall
(i)
pay Employee his then current salary and provide Employee with Group Health
Insurance, but no other compensation or benefits, for six (6) months beginning
with the date of termination (“Severance Payment”), and (ii) subject to the
Employee's strict adherence to and performance of the covenants set forth in
Paragraph 8, Company shall pay to Employee, an amount equal to seventy-five
percent (75%) of Employee’s monthly salary amount for the one (1)-year period
Employee remains obligated to the Non-Compete and Non-Solicitation covenants
described in paragraph 8. If Employee is terminated for cause or Employee
terminates this Agreement without cause, Employee shall be entitled only to
compensation accrued through the date of Termination and all benefits accrued
as
of such date, and shall not be entitled to any Severance Payment described
herein, but shall remain obligated to the Non-Compete and Non-Solicitation
obligations.
(2)
Return
of Materials.
On the
Termination Date or for any reason or at any time at the Company's request,
Employee will deliver promptly to the Company all materials, documents, plans,
records, notes, manuals, subcontracts, procedures, customer lists, and any
other
papers and any copies thereof in Em-ployee's possession, custody or control
relating to the Company or the Business, whether defined as Confidential
Information, Trade Secret or otherwise, all of which at all times shall be
the
property of the Company.
10.
Miscellaneous
.
a.
Assignability.
(1)
This
Agreement may be assigned by the Company to any successor in interest to its
business, which successor in interest shall be bound herein to the same extent
as the Company. Employee agrees to perform his duties for such successor in
interest to the same extent as for the Company.
(2)
This
is a personal agreement on the part of Employee and may not be sold, assigned,
transferred or conveyed by Employee.
|
b.
No
Waiver
.
The
waiver by either party of a breach of any provision of this Agreement
by
the other party shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of
any
subsequent breach by the other
party.
|
|
c.
Governing
Law and Jurisdiction
.
This
Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws
of the State of Georgia. Any cause of action shall be filed in and
the
parties agree to subject themselves to the jurisdiction of any State
or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction located in Atlanta, Georgia.
|
|
d.
Entire
Agreement
.
This
Agreement states the entire agreement and understanding between the
parties and supersedes all prior understandings and
agreements.
|
e.
No
Modification
.
No
change
or modification to this Agreement shall be valid unless in writing and signed
by
both parties hereto.
f.
Independence
of Covenants
.
The
covenants contained herein shall be construed as agreements independent of
each
other and of any other provision of this or any other contract between the
parties hereto, and the existence of any claim or cause of action by Employee
against the Company, whether predicated upon this or any other contract, shall
not constitute a defense to the enforcement by the Company of said
covenants.
g
.
Right
to Injunctive Relief
.
Employee
recognizes and agrees that the injury the Company will suffer in the event
of
the Employee's breach of any covenant or agreement contained herein cannot
be
compensated by monetary damages alone, and Employee therefore agrees that the
Company, in addition and without limiting any other remedies or rights that
it
may have, either under his Agreement or otherwise, shall have the right to
obtain an injunction against Employee from any court of competent jurisdiction
enjoining any such breach without having to show or prove damages or
injury.
h.
Jury
Trial Waiver
.
Both
parties hereby waive their right to a trial by jury in the event of any dispute
or cause of action regarding this Agreement.
(THE
REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
undersigned have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above
written.
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
|
|
|
|
|
By:
|
|
|
|
(Signature)
|
|
|
|
|
Name:
|
Joseph
Allegra
|
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
Director,
Chair Compensation
|
|
|
|
|
Date:
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMPLOYEE:
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Signature)
|
|
|
|
|
Name:
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
|
|
|
Date:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Schedule
A - Salary and Bonus
Annual
Salary. $185,000
,
which
may be amended from time to time by the Board.
The
Salary shall be payable bi-weekly according to the Company’s established payroll
periods. The Board and Employee shall review the Annual Salary amount annually
upon Employee’s Annual performance review that determines Employee’s Annual
Bonus discussed below.
Bonus.
Annual
Bonus.
Employee
shall be eligible each year of the term of this Agreement for a cash bonus
equal
to a maximum of 125% of Employee’s Annual Salary amount based on the success of
the Company in meeting its objectives, as set out for Employee; provided that
no
cash bonus shall be payable to Employee on any date unless Employee is employed
by the Company on that date. The amount of the Annual Bonus shall be determined
by the Board based on the percentage of achievement of the stated Company
objectives. Notwithstanding, if Company does not meet at least 90% of its stated
objectives, the Board may choose not to award Employee any portion of his Annual
Bonus. The effective date of Annual Bonus calculation shall be the Company
Fiscal Year-End, and shall be payable in one or more installments as determined
by the Board beginning in the first quarter of the following Fiscal
Year.
(THE
REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
Schedule
B - Duties and Functions (“Services”)
Services:
Oversee
and promote all aspects of the Company business. This shall include, but not
be
limited to: (i) having all operations, marketing, finance, sales, distribution
and research and development functions report to Employee; (ii) mentoring and
guiding all employees in the management and furtherance of the Company
objectives.
Territory:
Worldwide
(THE
REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
MANAGEMENT
AGREEMENT
THIS
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT (“Agreement”)
is
dated
January 31, 2008 (“Effective Date”) by and between
UNIVERSAL
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
,
a
Delaware corporation (“
Manager
”),
and
VYSTAR
CORPORATION,
a
Georgia corporation (
“VYSTAR”
or “Company”
)
.
BACKGROUND
VYSTAR
desires to obtain from the Manager, and the Manager is willing and able to
provide to VYSTAR, management services and other assistance in accordance with
and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this
Agreement.
For
and
in consideration of the mutual benefits and covenants set forth below, and
other
good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby
acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree
as
follows:
1.
Appointment
as Manager
.
(a)
VYSTAR
hereby engages Manager to provide management services and other assistance
in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Manager shall and hereby agrees
to devote such time as is reasonably necessary to provide such services and
assistance.
2.
Scope
of Services
.
(a)
Manager
hereby agrees to provide to VYSTAR the following services (as amended from
time
to time, collectively, the
“Services”
):
(i)
Strategic
Planning.
Manager
shall assist VYSTAR management in the strategic planning process to include
but
not be limited to analysis of potential markets, competition, product marketing
approaches, pricing and future product utility.
(ii)
Investment
Banking Consultation and Investor Introduction Services
.
Manager
is not registered at this time as a securities broker or dealer, and represents
and warrants that such registration is not required. Manager further represents
that it does not have an affiliation with any securities brokerage firm. As
a
result, the Company understands that, while the Manager will introduce the
Company to qualified persons and/or institutions who indicate a serious interest
in pursuing a possible financing transaction for the Company within the
parameters established by the Company, the Manager will not be involved in
conducting negotiations for the Company with any such persons, handling any
funds or securities, or performing services that would constitute a business
of
effecting transactions in securities under applicable federal or state law.
Manager further represents and warrants that it has not acted as a broker or
finder in any other sale of securities and does not intend to participate in
any
distribution of securities after any transaction under this
Agreement.
Manager
will use its best efforts to assist VYSTAR in seeking and raising funding and
in
preparation for entering the public market, pursuant to the Manager letter
attached hereto as Exhibit A. Manager will provide VYSTAR with various options
and methods for attaining its investment banking and public market
goals.
(iii)
Investor
Relations Services.
Manager
will introduce VYSTAR to qualified Investor Relations Manager(s) suitable for
providing marketing and public relations services in the investor community
on
behalf of VYSTAR. At VYSTAR’S request, the Manager will co-ordinate investor
relations and public relations services between VYSTAR the provider of such
services.
3.
Term
and Termination
.
(a)
This
Agreement shall be effective as of the Effective Date and, subject to the
provisions of section (b) of this Section 3, shall terminate after three (3)
months (the “
Term
”).
(b)
Notwithstanding
the provisions of subsection (a) of this Section 3, (i) Manager can terminate
this Agreement at any time upon thirty (30) days’ notice to VYSTAR upon VYSTAR’s
failure to pay the amounts required hereunder, and (ii) VYSTAR can terminate
this Agreement after thirty (30) days’ notice to Manager of Manager’s material
failure to fulfill its obligations hereunder and Manager’s failure to correct
such failure during such time period.
4.
Compensation
.
Within
thirty (30) days of the signing of this agreement VYSTAR shall pay Manager
for
the Services by delivering to Manager a Warrant attached hereto as Exhibit
A,
pursuant to a Warrant Purchase Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B, to
purchase up to One Million (1,000,000) Shares of the common stock of the Company
at an exercise price of $0.01. The Warrant will be exercisable in whole or
in
part at or before 5:00 p.m. E.S.T. on January 31, 2013.
In
addition, VYSTAR shall reimburse Manager for third party and out-of-pocket
expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Manager as an adjunct to and as
a
supplement to Manager’s responsibility for performing the Services for which
Manager is being paid compensation described herein, and which are approved
in
advance by VYSTAR; provided that expenses of Affiliates of Manager shall not
be
deemed third party expenses for purposes of this Section 4.
5.
Non-Exclusive
Contract
.
The
Manager acts as adviser to other clients and may give advice, and take action,
with respect to any such client which may differ from the advice given, or
the
timing or nature of action taken, with respect to VYSTAR.
6.
Delegation
and Assignment
.
With
VYSTAR’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld
or delayed, Manager may delegate all or part of its duties to perform Services
hereunder; provided, that Manager’ costs associated with any duties so delegated
shall not be deemed out-of-pocket expenses added to the price of Services
pursuant to Section 4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Manager shall be entitled
to delegate all or any part of its duties to one or more of its Affiliates
upon
notice to VYSTAR; provided, however, that Manager and its designee Affiliate(s)
shall be jointly and severally liable for performance of Manager’s obligations
under this Agreement. VYSTAR shall not assign or subcontract its rights, duties,
or obligations under this Agreement.
7.
Confidential
Information; Ownership
.
(a)
Each
party shall treat as confidential all Confidential Information of the other
party that comes to its knowledge through this Agreement. Each party shall
take
such steps to prevent disclosure of such Confidential Information to any third
person as it would take in protecting its own proprietary or confidential
information and shall not use any portion of such Confidential Information
for
any purpose not authorized herein. All Confidential Information of each party
and any information containing a party’s Confidential Information shall at all
times remain the exclusive property of that party.
(b)
No
party
shall be under any obligations with respect to any Confidential
Information:
(i)
which
is,
at the time of disclosure, available to the general public;
(ii)
which
becomes at a later date available to the general public through no fault on
the
part of such party and then only after such later date;
(iii)
which
such party can demonstrate was in its possession before receipt from the other
party; or
(iv)
which
is
disclosed to such party without restriction on disclosure by a third party
who
has the lawful right to disclose such information.
(c)
The
confidentiality obligations of this Section 7 shall survive the termination
of
this Agreement.
8.
Independent
Contractor
.
Manager
is and shall remain at all times an independent contractor of VYSTAR in the
performance of all Services hereunder, and all persons employed by Manager
to
perform such Services shall be and remain employees solely of Manager and
subject only to the supervision of Manager’s supervisory personnel. With respect
to Manager’s employees providing services under this Agreement, Manager shall be
responsible for the payment of all salaries and benefits and all income taxes,
social security taxes, employment compensation taxes and other employment taxes
and withholdings with respect to such employees and all fringe benefits program
expenses, such as insurance costs, pension or retirement plans, vacation, sick
leave and similar matters, with respect to such employees. Manager shall be
entitled to determine which of its employees shall provide the
Services.
9.
Force
Majeure
.
(a)
Neither
party shall be liable for any loss or damage for delay or non-performance under
this Agreement resulting from the operation of any applicable law, rule,
ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity or regulatory agency, or
from
any requirement or intervention of civil, naval or military authorities or
other
agencies of the government, or by reason of any other causes whatsoever not
reasonably within the control of such party, including, but not limited to,
acts
of God, war, riot, insurrection, civil violence or disobedience, blockages,
embargoes, sabotage, epidemics, fire, strikes, lock-outs or other industrial
or
labor disturbances, lightning, hurricanes, cyclonic storms, explosions and
delay
of carriers; provided, that the affected party notifies the other party promptly
of the occurrence of the cause and thereafter exerts reasonable commercial
efforts to overcome the cause of prevention and hindrance and to resume
performance; and provided, further, that the settlement of strikes, lock-outs
and other industrial or labor disturbances shall be entirely within the
discretion of the affected party, and the affected party shall not be required
to make settlement of strikes, lock-outs and other industrial or labor
disturbances by acceding to the demands of any opposing third party or parties
when such course is unfavorable in the affected party’s judgment.
(b)
If
Manager’s performance under this Agreement is suspended or rendered impractical
by reason of any cause covered by subsection (a) of this Section 9
(“
Force
Majeure
”)
for a
period in excess of twenty (20) days, VYSTAR shall have either the right
to terminate this Agreement with respect to the disrupted Services immediately
upon written notice to Manager or require that the Agreement continue in force
for that period of time beyond the Term that such Force Majeure condition
existed during the Term without incurring any obligation by VYSTAR for
additional payment for Services by Manager. An event of Force Majeure shall
not
otherwise limit amounts payable for Services rendered on or prior to the actual
date of the event of Force Majeure.
10.
Limitation
of Liability
.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, Manager
shall not be liable to VYSTAR by reason of any error of omission or commission,
performance or failure to perform or delay in performing any Services under
this
Agreement, for special, incidental or consequential damages, suffered by VYSTAR
beyond a refund to VYSTAR of all charges paid and/or shares issued by VYSTAR
to
Manager for the Services that caused such damages, unless Manager shall have
committed gross negligence or willful misconduct. The provisions of this Section
10 shall survive termination of this Agreement.
11.
Manager’s
Investment Representations
.
Manager
hereby represents and warrants to and with VYSTAR that:
(a)
Manager
will be acquiring the Shares for its own account as principal and not with
a
view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution of all or any of
such
Shares. Manager hereby agrees that it will not, directly or indirectly, assign,
transfer, offer, sell, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of all or any
of
such Shares (or solicit any offers to buy, purchase or otherwise acquire or
take
a pledge of any of such Shares) except in accordance with the registration
provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) or an exemption
from such registration provisions or any applicable securities laws.
(b)
Manager
(i) is knowledgeable and experienced with respect to the financial, tax and
business aspects of the ownership of investments such as the Shares and of
the
business contemplated by VYSTAR and is capable of evaluating the risks and
merits of acquiring the Shares and in making a decision to proceed with this
investment, has not relied on any representations, warranties or agreements
of
VYSTAR or others, and (ii) can bear the economic risk of an investment in Shares
for an indefinite period of time and can afford to suffer the complete loss
thereof.
(c)
Manager
has evaluated the risks involved in investing in the Shares and has determined
that the Shares are a suitable investment for Manager. Specifically, the
aggregate amount of the investments the Manager has in, and Manager’s
commitments to, all similar investments that are illiquid is reasonable in
relation to Manager’s net worth, both before and after the acquisition of the
Shares pursuant to this Agreement.
(d)
Manager
understands and acknowledges that the Shares have not been registered under
the
Securities Act or any state securities laws and are being offered and sold
in
reliance on exemptions provided in the Securities Act and state securities
laws
for transactions not involving any public offering and, therefore, cannot be
resold or transferred unless they are subsequently registered under the
Securities Act and such applicable state securities laws or unless an exemption
from such registration is available. Manager also understands that VYSTAR does
not have any obligation or intention to register the Shares for sale under
the
Securities Act or any state securities laws or of supplying the information
which may be necessary to enable the Manager to sell Shares and that Manager
has
no right to require the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act,
any
state securities laws or other applicable securities regulations.
(e)
Manager
has no contract, understanding, agreement or arrangement with any person to
sell, transfer or pledge to such person or anyone else any of the Shares which
the Manager will acquire pursuant to this Agreement and that Manager has no
present plans to enter into any such contract, undertaking, agreement or
arrangement.
12.
Definitions
.
(a)
“Affiliate”
means, with respect to a Person, another Person who controls, is controlled
by
or is under common control with the first such Person.
(b)
“Confidential
Information” means any and all information of either party that might reasonably
be considered confidential, secret, sensitive, proprietary or private. To the
extent practical, Confidential Information shall be marked “proprietary” or
“confidential.” Confidential Information shall include the
following:
(i)
data,
know-how, formulae, processes, designs, sketches, photographs, plans, drawings,
specifications, samples, reports, lists, financial information, studies,
findings, inventions and ideas, computer programs and software, or proprietary
information relating to either party or the methods or techniques used by either
party;
(ii)
data,
documents or proprietary information employed in connection with the marketing
and implementation of each party’s products, including cost information,
business policies and procedures, revenues and markets, distributor and customer
lists, and similar items of information; and
(iii)
any
other
data or information obtained by either party during the term of this Agreement
which is not generally known to and not readily ascertainable by proper means
by
third persons who could obtain economic value from its use or
disclosure.
(c)
“Control”
means the ability, through stock ownership, contract, or otherwise, to control
the business or officers of a Person.
(d)
“Damages
and Expenses” means costs, liabilities, and expenses incurred in investigating,
defending, and paying settlements or judgments with respect to claims (including
reasonable attorneys’ fees).
(e)
“Holiday”
means for purposes of this Agreement, a day, other than a Saturday or Sunday,
on
which national banks with branches in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are
or
may elect to be closed.
(f)
“Person”
means an individual or entity.
(g)
“Shares”
means shares of common stock of VYSTAR, par value $.0001 dollars per share
acquired by Manager pursuant to this Agreement.
13.
Miscellaneous
.
(a)
Indulgences,
Etc
.
Neither
the failure nor any delay on the part of either party to exercise any right,
remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver
thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power
or
privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other
right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy,
power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver
of
such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence.
No
waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party
asserted to have granted such waiver.
(b)
Controlling
Law
.
This
Agreement and all questions relating to its validity, interpretation,
performance and enforcement (including, without limitation, provisions
concerning limitations of actions), shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, notwithstanding any
conflict-of-laws doctrines of any jurisdiction to the contrary, and without
the
aid of any canon, custom or rule of law requiring construction against the
draftsman.
(c)
Notices
.
All
notices, requests, demands and other communications required or permitted under
this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given,
made and received only when delivered (personally, by courier service such
FedEx
or by other messenger) against receipt or upon actual receipt of registered
or
certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as set
forth below:
|
If
to:
|
Manager
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
2601
Annand Drive, Suite 16
Wilmington,
DE 19808
Attention:
Michael D.
Queen
|
|
If
to:
|
VYSTAR CORPORATION
3235
Satellite Blvd.
Building
400, Suite 290
Duluth,
GA 30096
Attention:
William R. Doyle
|
In
addition, notice by mail shall be sent by a reputable international courier
(such as FedEx) if posted outside of the continental United States. Any party
may alter the address to which communications or copies are to be sent by giving
notice of such change of address in conformity with the provisions of this
subparagraph for the giving of notice.
(d)
Binding
Nature of Agreement; No Assignment
.
This
Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto
and their respective successors and assigns.
(e)
Provisions
Separable
.
The
provisions of this Agreement are independent of and separable from each other,
and no provision shall be affected or rendered invalid or unenforceable by
virtue of the fact that for any reason any other or others of them may be
invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
(f)
Entire
Agreement
.
This
Agreement contains the entire understanding among the parties hereto with
respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and
contemporaneous agreements and understandings, inducements or conditions,
express or implied, oral or written, except as herein contained. The express
terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance and/or usage of
the
trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. This Agreement may not be
modified or amended other than by an agreement in writing.
(g)
Section
Headings
.
The
Section and subsection headings in this Agreement have been inserted for
convenience of reference only; they form no part of this Agreement and shall
not
affect its interpretation.
(h)
Gender,
Etc
.
Words
used herein, regardless of the number and gender specifically used, shall be
deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any
other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context indicates is
appropriate.
(i)
Number
of Days
.
In
computing the number of days for purposes of this Agreement, all days shall
be
counted, including Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays; provided, however, that
if
the final day of any time period falls on a Saturday, Sunday or Holiday, then
the final day shall be deemed to be the next day which is not a Saturday, Sunday
or Holiday.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
Parties hereto have executed this Management Agreement
VYSTAR
Corporation
|
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
By:
_______________________________
|
By:
____________________________
|
Name:
William R. Doyle
|
Name:
Joseph T. Drennan
|
Title:
President and COO
|
Title:
Vice President and CFO
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
August
15, 2008
Mr.
Michael Queen
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
2601
Annand Drive
Wilmington,
DE 19808
Re:
|
Agreement
regarding Issuance of 600,000 Shares of Vystar Corporation (“Vystar)
Common Stock to Universal Capital Management, Inc.
(“UCM”)
|
Dear
Mike:
This
letter will memorialize the agreement between Vystar and UCM with respect
to
certain services to be rendered by UCM to Vystar in connection with the proposed
registration of the distribution of 600,000 shares of Vystar Common Stock
described below to the UCM stockholders. In consideration of the services
described below, on or about the effective date of a Vystar registration
statement on Form S-1 which is contemplated to be filed later this year,
Vystar
shall issue to UCM 600,000 shares of its common stock as compensation for
such
services and, in accordance with the contemplated description in the
Registration Statement, UCM shall distribute such shares to its stockholders
on
a record date to be determined. The services include the following:
|
1.
|
Assistance
in preparation of the S-1 Registration Statement and accompanying
documents;
|
|
2.
|
Assistance
in locating appropriate market makers with respect to Vystar’s
contemplated listing of its shares for sale on the OTC Bulletin
Board;
|
|
3.
|
Assistance
with Vystar’s contemplated application with FINRA with respect to such OTC
Bulletin Board listing; and
|
|
4.
|
Assistance
with the contemplated arrangements with a stock transfer agent
with
respect to the Vystar common stock following effectiveness of such
registration statement.
|
Notwithstanding
the foregoing, these shares will only be issued to UCM in the event that
such
registration statement is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
If
the
foregoing is acceptable, please so indicate in the space provided
below.
|
|
|
|
Vystar
Corporation
|
|
|
|
Date:
|
By:
|
/s/
|
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
|
Agreed
to
as of this 15
th
day of August, 2008:
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
ADDENDUM
TO MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
THIS
ADDENDUM TO
MANAGEMENT
AGREEMENT
(“Addendum”) dated February 29, 2008 is by and between
UNIVERSAL
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
and
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
This
Addendum amends and modifies that certain Management Agreement dated January
31,
2008 between the parties hereto.
|
1.
|
Paragraphs
3. and 4. of the Management Agreement entitled
“Term
and
Termination”
and “
Compensation”
respectively, are deleted in their entirety and replaced with the
following:
|
(a)
This
Agreement shall be effective as of the Effective Date and, subject to the
provisions of section (b) of this Section 3, shall terminate after one (1)
year
(the “
Term
”).
The
Term shall be automatically extended from year to year in the absence of ninety
(90) days’ notice from one party to the other.
(b)
Notwithstanding
the provisions of subsection (a) of this Section 3, (i) Manager can terminate
this Agreement at any time upon thirty (30) days’ notice to VYSTAR upon VYSTAR’s
failure to pay the amounts required hereunder, and (ii) VYSTAR can terminate
this Agreement after thirty (30) days’ notice to Manager of Manager’s material
failure to fulfill its obligations hereunder and Manager’s failure to correct
such failure during such time period.
(c)
Not withstanding any other provision of subsections (a) or (b) of this Section
3, Manager will earn Sixty-Five percent (65%) of the Compensation, Section
4,
for the Agreement as of January 31, 2008.
(c)
Within
thirty (30) days of the signing of this agreement Vystar shall pay Manager
for
the Services by delivering to Manager a Warrant, pursuant to a Warrant agreement
attached hereto as Exhibit C, to purchase up to One Million (1,000,000) shares
of the common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.01. If the Term
of
this Agreement extends beyond the its Term, VYSTAR shall pay for continuing
Services hereunder by delivering five hundred thousand (500,000) additional
Warrants to Manager on the anniversary of the Effective Date and each
anniversary date thereafter during the term of this Agreement. , and
(b)
A Warrant, pursuant to a Warrant agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B, to
purchase up to Five Hundred Thousand (500,000) shares of the common stock,
par
value $.0001 of VYSTAR at an exercise price of $2.00. The Warrant will be
exercisable in whole or in part at or before 5:00 p.m. E.S.T. on January 31,
2013.
In
addition, VYSTAR shall reimburse Manager for third party and out-of-pocket
expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Manager as an adjunct to and as
a
supplement to Manager’s responsibility for performing the Services for which
Manager is being paid compensation described herein, and which are approved
in
advance by Vystar; provided that expenses of Affiliates of Manager shall not
be
deemed third party expenses for purposes of this Section 4.
|
2.
|
All
other provisions of the Management Agreement remain in full force
and
effect.
|
The
Parties hereto have executed this Management Agreement as of the date first
above written.
Vystar
Corporation
|
|
UNIVERSAL
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BY:
__________________________
|
|
BY:
_______________________
|
NAME:
William R Doyle
|
|
NAME:
Joseph T Drennan
|
TITLE:
President & Chief Operating Officer
|
|
TITLE:
Vice President
|
WARRANT
PURCHASE AGREEMENT
January
31, 2008
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
2
601
Annand Dr., #16
Wilmington,
Delaware 19808
Vystar
Corporation
,
a
Georgia corporation (the "
Company
"),
hereby agrees with you as follows:
|
1.
|
Concurrently
with the execution of this Warrant Purchase Agreement (the “
Agreement
”),
the Company is entering into with you a consulting agreement, of
even date
hereof. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement, the Company
will deliver to you a Warrant (the "
Warrant
")
in the form of
Exhibit
A
hereto, to purchase up to One Million (1,000,000) shares of the Company’s
common stock, par value $.0001 per share (the “
Common
Stock
”),
at a purchase price of ($0.01) per share, exercisable for a period
of up
to Sixty (60) months commencing on the date hereof. The right to
purchase
all One Million (1,000,000) shares shall vest
immediately.
|
|
2.
|
The
Company covenants that all shares that may be issued upon the exercise
of
the Warrant, upon issuance, will be validly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect
to
the issuance thereof. The Company further covenants that during the
period
within which the Warrant may be exercised, the Company will at all
times
have authorized and reserved a sufficient number of shares of Common
Stock
to permit the exercise of the
Warrant.
|
|
3.
|
This
Warrant is not transferable.
|
If
the
foregoing correctly sets forth our understanding, please sign
below.
Very truly yours,
|
Accepted as of the
|
|
date written above:
|
Vystar Corporation
|
|
William
R Doyle
|
Joseph
T Drennan, Vice President
|
President
& Chief Operating Officer
|
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
|
EXHIBIT
A
WARRANT
No. ___
NO
SALE,
TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THIS WARRANT OR THE SHARES PURCHASABLE
HEREUNDER SHALL BE MADE EXCEPT PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT
OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR PURSUANT TO AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE
ISSUER THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED. TRANSFER OF THIS WARRANT IS ALSO
RESTRICTED BY A WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT DATED February 28, 2008 A COPY OF
WHICH IS AVAILABLE FROM THE ISSUER.
WARRANT
TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK
IN
VYSTAR CORPORATION
Exercisable
Commencing
January
31, 2008
Void
After
January
31, 2013
THIS
CERTIFIES
that,
for value received, Universal Capital Management, Inc. of
2601
Annand Dr., #16, Wilmington, Delaware 19808
,
is
entitled, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Warrant, to
purchase from Vystar Corporation (“
Company
"),
located at 3235 Satellite Blvd., Building 400, Suite 290, Duluth, GA 30096
One
Million (1,000,000) shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $.0001 per
share (the “
Common
Stock
”),
at a
purchase price of ($.01) per share, exercisable for a period of up to Sixty
(60)
months commencing on the date hereof, subject to adjustment as provided in
Section 5 below. This Warrant is issued pursuant to a Warrant Purchase Agreement
between Universal Capital Management, Inc. and the Company, dated January 31,
2008, and is subject to all the terms thereof, including the vesting schedules
set forth in Section 1 thereof, and the limitations on transferability set
forth
in Section 3 thereof.
1.
This
Warrant may be exercised by the holder hereof, in whole or in part (but not
as
to a fractional share), by the presentation and surrender of this Warrant with
the form of Election to Purchase duly executed, at the principal office of
the
Company (or at such other address as the Company may designate by notice in
writing to the holder hereof at the address of such holder appearing on the
books of the Company), and upon payment to the Company of the purchase price
by
certified or bank cashier's check. The shares of Common Stock so purchased
shall
be deemed to be issued to the holder hereof as the record owner of such shares
of Common Stock as of the close of business on the date on which this Warrant
shall have been surrendered and payment made for such shares. Certificates
for
the shares of Common Stock so purchased shall be delivered or mailed to the
holder promptly after this Warrant has been exercised, and if applicable, a
new
Warrant identical in form representing the number of shares of Common Stock
with
respect to which this Warrant shall not then have been exercised shall also
be
issued to the holder hereof.
2.
Nothing
contained herein shall be construed to confer upon the holder of this Warrant,
as such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company.
3.
The
Company shall not issue certificates representing fractions of shares of Common
Stock upon the exercise of this Warrant, but shall make a cash payment for
any
fractional share based on the market price of the Common Stock on the date
of
exercise, which shall be the closing sale price on the principal exchange on
which the Common Stock is traded; or if not traded on any exchange, then the
representative closing bid price in the over-the-counter market; or if not
traded in the over-the-counter market, the fair market value as determined
by
the Company’s board of directors. All calculations under this Section 3 and
under Section 5 shall be made to the nearest cent or shares, as the case may
be.
4.
Subject
to the limitations on transfer set forth in Section 3 of the Warrant Purchase
Agreement, this Warrant is exchangeable, upon its surrender by the holder at
the
office of the Company referred to in Section 1 above, for new warrants
(containing the same terms as this Warrant) each representing the right to
purchase such number of shares of Common Stock as shall be designated by such
holder at the time of such surrender (but not exceeding in the aggregate the
remaining number of shares of Common Stock which may be purchased hereunder).
Upon receipt of evidence satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft,
destruction or mutilation of this Warrant and upon delivery of a bond of
indemnity satisfactory to the Company (or, in the case of mutilation, upon
surrender of this Warrant), the Company will issue to the holder a replacement
warrant (containing the same terms as this Warrant). As used herein, "Warrant"
shall include all new warrants issued in exchange for or replacement of this
Warrant.
5.
If
the
Company shall pay a dividend in shares of its Common Shares, subdivide
(forward-split) its outstanding shares of Common Stock, combine (reverse-split)
its outstanding shares of Common Stock, issue by reclassification of its shares
of Common Stock any shares or other securities of the Company, or distribute
to
holders of its Common Stock any securities of the Company or of another entity,
the number of shares of Common Stock or other securities the holder hereof
is
entitled to purchase pursuant to this Warrant immediately prior thereto shall
be
adjusted so that the holder shall be entitled to receive upon exercise the
number of shares of Common Stock or other securities which he or she would
have
owned or would have been entitled to receive after the happening of any of
the
events described above had this Warrant been exercised immediately prior to
the
happening of such event, and the exercise price per share shall be
correspondingly adjusted; provided, however, that no adjustment in the number
of
shares and/or the exercise price shall be required unless such adjustment would
require an increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in such number
and/or price; and provided further, however, that any adjustments which by
reason of this Section 5 are not required to be made shall be carried forward
and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. An adjustment made pursuant
to this Section 5 shall become effective immediately after the record date
in
the case of the stock dividend or other distribution and shall become effective
immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination
or reclassification. The holder of this Warrant shall be entitled to participate
in any subscription or other rights offering made to holders of Common Stock
had
he purchased the full number of shares as to which this Warrant remains
unexercised immediately prior to the record date for such rights offering.
If
the Company is consolidated or merged with or into another corporation or if
all
or substantially all of its assets are conveyed to another corporation this
Warrant shall thereafter be exercisable for the purchase of the kind and number
of shares of stock or other securities or property, if any, receivable upon
such
consolidation, merger or conveyance by a holder of the number of shares of
Common Stock of the Company which could have been purchased on the exercise
of
this Warrant immediately prior to such consolidation, merger or conveyance;
and,
in any such case, appropriate adjustment (as determined by the Board of
Directors) shall be made in the application of the provisions herein set forth
with respect to the rights and interests thereafter of the holder of this
Warrant to the end that the provisions set forth herein (including provisions
with respect to changes in and other adjustments of the number of shares of
Common Stock the holder of this Warrant is entitled to purchase) shall
thereafter be applicable, as nearly as possible, in relation to any shares
of
Common Stock or other securities or other property thereafter deliverable upon
the exercise of this Warrant. Upon any adjustment of the number of shares of
Common Stock or other securities the holder of this Warrant is entitled to
purchase, and of any change in exercise price per share, then in each such
case
the Company shall give written notice thereof to the then registered holder
of
this Warrant at the address of such holder as shown on the books of the Company,
which notice shall state such change and set forth in reasonable detail the
method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is
based.
6.
If
at any
time:
|
A.
|
The
Company shall declare a dividend or other distribution on its Common
Stock
payable otherwise than in cash at the same rate as the immediately
preceding regular dividend or in Common Stock;
|
|
B.
|
The
Company shall authorize the granting to the holders of its Common
Stock of
rights to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of
any
class or of any other rights;
|
|
C.
|
There
shall be any plan or agreement of reorganization, or reclassification
of
the capital stock of the Company, or consolidation or merger of the
Company with, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets to,
another corporation; or
|
|
D.
|
There
shall be a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding
up
of the Company; then the Company shall give to the registered holder
of
this Warrant at the address of such holder as shown on the books
of the
Company, at any time prior to the applicable record date or dates,
a
written notice summarizing such action or event and stating the record
date or dates for any such dividend or rights (or if a record is
not to be
taken, the date or dates as of which the holders of Common Stock
of record
to be entitled to such dividend or rights are to be determined),
the date
on which any such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation,
merger,
sale of assets, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected
to
become effective, and the date or dates as of which it is expected
the
holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to effect any
exchange
of their shares of Common Stock for securities of other property
deliverable upon any such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale of assets, dissolution, liquidation or winding
up.
|
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
Company has caused this Warrant to be signed by its duly authorized officers
on
January 31, 2008.
Attested:
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
|
|
|
|
|
By:_______________________
|
By: __________________________
|
|
William R Doyle
,
President & Chief Operating Officer
|
MANAGEMENT
AGREEMENT
THIS
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT (“Agreement”)
is
dated
April 30, 2008 (“Effective Date”) by and between
UNIVERSAL
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
,
a
Delaware corporation (“
Manager
”),
and
VYSTAR
CORPORATION,
a
Georgia corporation (
“VYSTAR”
or “Company”
)
.
BACKGROUND
VYSTAR
desires to obtain from the Manager, and the Manager is willing and able to
provide to VYSTAR, management services and other assistance in accordance with
and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this
Agreement.
For
and
in consideration of the mutual benefits and covenants set forth below, and
other
good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby
acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree
as
follows:
1.
Appointment
as Manager
.
(a)
VYSTAR
hereby engages Manager to provide management services and other assistance
in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Manager shall and hereby agrees
to devote such time as is reasonably necessary to provide such services and
assistance.
2.
Scope
of Services
.
(a)
Manager
hereby agrees to provide to VYSTAR the following services (as amended from
time
to time, collectively, the
“Services”
):
|
(i)
|
Significant
Managerial Assistance. Upon VYSTAR’s request, Manager may provide VYSTAR
with day to day managerial assistance on issues such as employment,
payroll, and benefits; real estate leasing; utility utilization;
capital
expenditures; personnel; and other related
matters.
|
|
(ii)
|
Financial
Reporting Services. Upon VYSTAR’s request, Manager may assist in providing
VYSTAR on a quarter-annual basis a balance sheet, income statement
and
statement of cash flow for VYSTAR. Such financial reports shall be
completed not later than thirty (30) days after the end of the
quarter-annual period reported on. Income statements will be based
on
generally accepted accounting principles as in effect in the United
States
of America, consistently applied from period to period and in accordance
with the terms of contracts and service
agreements.
|
|
(iii)
|
Tax
Reporting Services. Upon VYSTAR’s request, Manager may assist in the
preparation of sales and use tax returns for all jurisdictions in
which
VYSTAR is then subject to reporting as determined by VYSTAR for goods
or
services sold. If such services are requested, Manager shall provide
VYSTAR with the amount of such liability not later than the 10
th
business day of each calendar month in which a sales/use tax liability
is
due to be paid VYSTAR.. Such returns shall be delivered to VYSTAR
for
execution no later than three (3) days prior to the filing due date
for
any such return.
|
|
(iv)
|
Accounts
Payable Services.
|
(I.)
Upon
VYSTAR’s request, Manager may assist VYSTAR in providing for the usual and
ordinary business aspects of the accounts payable process for VYSTAR, including
but not limited to:
|
A.
|
Maintaining
vendor master
|
|
B.
|
Processing
vendor invoices
|
|
C.
|
Executing
vendor payments from
VYSTAR’s
funds
|
|
D.
|
Processing
travel expense reports
|
|
E.
|
Executing
employee payments for
travel
expense from funds
|
|
F.
|
Stop
payment administration
|
|
I.
|
Documentation
retention
|
(II.)
Upon
VYSTAR’s request, Manager may assist VYSTAR with its outstanding accounts
payable based upon contracted payment terms and consistent with past business
practice.
(b)
To
the
extent that Manager is able in the ordinary course of business, Manager shall
provide or cause to be provided, and shall be responsible for said costs
associated with, all personnel, facilities, equipment, systems and management
necessary or appropriate to provide such Services. In no event will Manager
be
required to stay in business or take other extraordinary measures solely to
provide the Services to VYSTAR; provided, that Manager shall provide Services
pursuant to this Agreement in the same order of priority as it provides the
same
or similar services to its own departments, and provided VYSTAR is notified
in
advance of any delay and the Services are provided to VYSTAR at the next
available opportunity.
(c)
During the Term of this Agreement, VYSTAR may from time to time request that
Manager provide special services or projects in addition to the Services
identified in this Section 2, and Manager may in its sole discretion agree
to
provide such additional services or projects. If Manager agrees to provide
such
additional services or projects, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith
to
establish the terms (including, without limitation, price) for providing such
additional services or projects, and following agreement on such terms, this
Section 2 shall be amended to include such additional services and
projects.
3.
Term
and Termination
.
(a)
This
Agreement shall be effective as of the Effective Date and, subject to the
provisions of section (b) of this Section 3, shall terminate after one (1)
year
(the “
Term
”).
The
Term shall be automatically extended from year to year in the absence of ninety
(90) days’ notice from one party to the other.
(b)
Notwithstanding
the provisions of subsection (a) of this Section 3, (i) Manager can terminate
this Agreement at any time upon thirty (30) days’ notice to VYSTAR upon VYSTAR’s
failure to pay the amounts required hereunder, and (ii) VYSTAR can terminate
this Agreement after thirty (30) days’ notice to Manager of Manager’s material
failure to fulfill its obligations hereunder and Manager’s failure to correct
such failure during such time period.
4.
Compensation
.
Within
thirty (30) days of the signing of this agreement VYSTAR shall pay Manager
for
the Services by delivering to Manager a Warrant attached hereto as Exhibit
A,
pursuant to a Warrant Purchase Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B, to
purchase up to Five Hundred Thousand (500,000) Shares of the common stock of
the
Company at an exercise price of $2.00. The Warrant will be exercisable in whole
or in part at or before 5:00 p.m. E.S.T. on April 30, 2013.
If
the
term of this Agreement extends beyond the Term, VYSTAR shall pay for continuing
Services hereunder by delivering to the Manager a Warrant to purchase up to
five
hundred thousand (500,000) additional shares, at an exercise price of $0.01,
on
the anniversary of the Effective Date and each anniversary date thereafter
during the term of this Agreement.
In
addition, VYSTAR shall reimburse Manager for third party and out-of-pocket
expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Manager as an adjunct to and as
a
supplement to Manager’s responsibility for performing the Services for which
Manager is being paid compensation described herein, and which are approved
in
advance by VYSTAR; provided that expenses of Affiliates of Manager shall not
be
deemed third party expenses for purposes of this Section 4.
5.
Non-Exclusive
Contract
.
The
Manager acts as adviser to other clients and may give advice, and take action,
with respect to any such client which may differ from the advice given, or
the
timing or nature of action taken, with respect to VYSTAR.
6.
Delegation
and Assignment
.
With
VYSTAR’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld
or delayed, Manager may delegate all or part of its duties to perform Services
hereunder; provided, that Manager’ costs associated with any duties so delegated
shall not be deemed out-of-pocket expenses added to the price of Services
pursuant to Section 4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Manager shall be entitled
to delegate all or any part of its duties to one or more of its Affiliates
upon
notice to VYSTAR; provided, however, that Manager and its designee Affiliate(s)
shall be jointly and severally liable for performance of Manager’s obligations
under this Agreement. VYSTAR shall not assign or subcontract its rights, duties,
or obligations under this Agreement.
7.
Confidential
Information; Ownership
.
(a)
Each
party shall treat as confidential all Confidential Information of the other
party that comes to its knowledge through this Agreement. Each party shall
take
such steps to prevent disclosure of such Confidential Information to any third
person as it would take in protecting its own proprietary or confidential
information and shall not use any portion of such Confidential Information
for
any purpose not authorized herein. All Confidential Information of each party
and any information containing a party’s Confidential Information shall at all
times remain the exclusive property of that party.
(b)
No
party
shall be under any obligations with respect to any Confidential
Information:
(i)
which
is,
at the time of disclosure, available to the general public;
(ii)
which
becomes at a later date available to the general public through no fault on
the
part of such party and then only after such later date;
(iii)
which
such party can demonstrate was in its possession before receipt from the other
party; or
(iv)
which
is
disclosed to such party without restriction on disclosure by a third party
who
has the lawful right to disclose such information.
(c)
The
confidentiality obligations of this Section 7 shall survive the termination
of
this Agreement.
8.
Independent
Contractor
.
Manager
is and shall remain at all times an independent contractor of VYSTAR in the
performance of all Services hereunder, and all persons employed by Manager
to
perform such Services shall be and remain employees solely of Manager and
subject only to the supervision of Manager’s supervisory personnel. With respect
to Manager’s employees providing services under this Agreement, Manager shall be
responsible for the payment of all salaries and benefits and all income taxes,
social security taxes, employment compensation taxes and other employment taxes
and withholdings with respect to such employees and all fringe benefits program
expenses, such as insurance costs, pension or retirement plans, vacation, sick
leave and similar matters, with respect to such employees. Manager shall be
entitled to determine which of its employees shall provide the
Services.
9.
Force
Majeure
.
(a)
Neither
party shall be liable for any loss or damage for delay or non-performance under
this Agreement resulting from the operation of any applicable law, rule,
ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity or regulatory agency, or
from
any requirement or intervention of civil, naval or military authorities or
other
agencies of the government, or by reason of any other causes whatsoever not
reasonably within the control of such party, including, but not limited to,
acts
of God, war, riot, insurrection, civil violence or disobedience, blockages,
embargoes, sabotage, epidemics, fire, strikes, lock-outs or other industrial
or
labor disturbances, lightning, hurricanes, cyclonic storms, explosions and
delay
of carriers; provided, that the affected party notifies the other party promptly
of the occurrence of the cause and thereafter exerts reasonable commercial
efforts to overcome the cause of prevention and hindrance and to resume
performance; and provided, further, that the settlement of strikes, lock-outs
and other industrial or labor disturbances shall be entirely within the
discretion of the affected party, and the affected party shall not be required
to make settlement of strikes, lock-outs and other industrial or labor
disturbances by acceding to the demands of any opposing third party or parties
when such course is unfavorable in the affected party’s judgment.
(b)
If
Manager’s performance under this Agreement is suspended or rendered impractical
by reason of any cause covered by subsection (a) of this Section 9
(“
Force
Majeure
”)
for a
period in excess of twenty (20) days, VYSTAR shall have either the right
to terminate this Agreement with respect to the disrupted Services immediately
upon written notice to Manager or require that the Agreement continue in force
for that period of time beyond the Term that such Force Majeure condition
existed during the Term without incurring any obligation by VYSTAR for
additional payment for Services by Manager. An event of Force Majeure shall
not
otherwise limit amounts payable for Services rendered on or prior to the actual
date of the event of Force Majeure.
10.
Limitation
of Liability
.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, Manager
shall not be liable to VYSTAR by reason of any error of omission or commission,
performance or failure to perform or delay in performing any Services under
this
Agreement, for special, incidental or consequential damages, suffered by VYSTAR
beyond a refund to VYSTAR of all charges paid and/or shares issued by VYSTAR
to
Manager for the Services that caused such damages, unless Manager shall have
committed gross negligence or willful misconduct. The provisions of this Section
10 shall survive termination of this Agreement.
11.
Manager’s
Investment Representations
.
Manager
hereby represents and warrants to and with VYSTAR that:
(a)
Manager
will be acquiring the Shares for its own account as principal and not with
a
view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution of all or any of
such
Shares. Manager hereby agrees that it will not, directly or indirectly, assign,
transfer, offer, sell, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of all or any
of
such Shares (or solicit any offers to buy, purchase or otherwise acquire or
take
a pledge of any of such Shares) except in accordance with the registration
provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) or an exemption
from such registration provisions or any applicable securities laws.
(b)
Manager
(i) is knowledgeable and experienced with respect to the financial, tax and
business aspects of the ownership of investments such as the Shares and of
the
business contemplated by VYSTAR and is capable of evaluating the risks and
merits of acquiring the Shares and in making a decision to proceed with this
investment, has not relied on any representations, warranties or agreements
of
VYSTAR or others, and (ii) can bear the economic risk of an investment in Shares
for an indefinite period of time and can afford to suffer the complete loss
thereof.
(c)
Manager
has evaluated the risks involved in investing in the Shares and has determined
that the Shares are a suitable investment for Manager. Specifically, the
aggregate amount of the investments the Manager has in, and Manager’s
commitments to, all similar investments that are illiquid is reasonable in
relation to Manager’s net worth, both before and after the acquisition of the
Shares pursuant to this Agreement.
(d)
Manager
understands and acknowledges that the Shares have not been registered under
the
Securities Act or any state securities laws and are being offered and sold
in
reliance on exemptions provided in the Securities Act and state securities
laws
for transactions not involving any public offering and, therefore, cannot be
resold or transferred unless they are subsequently registered under the
Securities Act and such applicable state securities laws or unless an exemption
from such registration is available. Manager also understands that VYSTAR does
not have any obligation or intention to register the Shares for sale under
the
Securities Act or any state securities laws or of supplying the information
which may be necessary to enable the Manager to sell Shares and that Manager
has
no right to require the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act,
any
state securities laws or other applicable securities regulations.
(e)
Manager
has no contract, understanding, agreement or arrangement with any person to
sell, transfer or pledge to such person or anyone else any of the Shares which
the Manager will acquire pursuant to this Agreement and that Manager has no
present plans to enter into any such contract, undertaking, agreement or
arrangement.
12.
Definitions
.
(a)
“Affiliate”
means, with respect to a Person, another Person who controls, is controlled
by
or is under common control with the first such Person.
(b)
“Confidential
Information” means any and all information of either party that might reasonably
be considered confidential, secret, sensitive, proprietary or private. To the
extent practical, Confidential Information shall be marked “proprietary” or
“confidential.” Confidential Information shall include the
following:
(i)
data,
know-how, formulae, processes, designs, sketches, photographs, plans, drawings,
specifications, samples, reports, lists, financial information, studies,
findings, inventions and ideas, computer programs and software, or proprietary
information relating to either party or the methods or techniques used by either
party;
(ii)
data,
documents or proprietary information employed in connection with the marketing
and implementation of each party’s products, including cost information,
business policies and procedures, revenues and markets, distributor and customer
lists, and similar items of information; and
(iii)
any
other
data or information obtained by either party during the term of this Agreement
which is not generally known to and not readily ascertainable by proper means
by
third persons who could obtain economic value from its use or
disclosure.
(c)
“Control”
means the ability, through stock ownership, contract, or otherwise, to control
the business or officers of a Person.
(d)
“Damages
and Expenses” means costs, liabilities, and expenses incurred in investigating,
defending, and paying settlements or judgments with respect to claims (including
reasonable attorneys’ fees).
(e)
“Holiday”
means for purposes of this Agreement, a day, other than a Saturday or Sunday,
on
which national banks with branches in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are
or
may elect to be closed.
(f)
“Person”
means an individual or entity.
(g)
“Shares”
means shares of common stock of VYSTAR, par value $.0001 dollars per share
acquired by Manager pursuant to this Agreement.
13.
Miscellaneous
.
(a)
Indulgences,
Etc
.
Neither
the failure nor any delay on the part of either party to exercise any right,
remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver
thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power
or
privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other
right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy,
power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver
of
such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence.
No
waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party
asserted to have granted such waiver.
(b)
Controlling
Law
.
This
Agreement and all questions relating to its validity, interpretation,
performance and enforcement (including, without limitation, provisions
concerning limitations of actions), shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, notwithstanding any
conflict-of-laws doctrines of any jurisdiction to the contrary, and without
the
aid of any canon, custom or rule of law requiring construction against the
draftsman.
(c)
Notices
.
All
notices, requests, demands and other communications required or permitted under
this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given,
made and received only when delivered (personally, by courier service such
FedEx
or by other messenger) against receipt or upon actual receipt of registered
or
certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as set
forth below:
|
If
to:
|
Manager
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
2601
Annand Drive
Suite
16
Wilmington,
DE 19808
Attention: Michael D.
Queen
|
|
If
to:
|
VYSTAR CORPORATION
3235
Satellite Blvd.
Building
400, Suite 290
Duluth,
GA 30096
Attention:
William R. Doyle
|
In
addition, notice by mail shall be sent by a reputable international courier
(such as FedEx) if posted outside of the continental United States. Any party
may alter the address to which communications or copies are to be sent by giving
notice of such change of address in conformity with the provisions of this
subparagraph for the giving of notice.
(d)
Binding
Nature of Agreement; No Assignment
.
This
Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto
and their respective successors and assigns.
(e)
Provisions
Separable
.
The
provisions of this Agreement are independent of and separable from each other,
and no provision shall be affected or rendered invalid or unenforceable by
virtue of the fact that for any reason any other or others of them may be
invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
(f)
Entire
Agreement
.
This
Agreement contains the entire understanding among the parties hereto with
respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and
contemporaneous agreements and understandings, inducements or conditions,
express or implied, oral or written, except as herein contained. The express
terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance and/or usage of
the
trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. This Agreement may not be
modified or amended other than by an agreement in writing.
(g)
Section
Headings
.
The
Section and subsection headings in this Agreement have been inserted for
convenience of reference only; they form no part of this Agreement and shall
not
affect its interpretation.
(h)
Gender,
Etc
.
Words
used herein, regardless of the number and gender specifically used, shall be
deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any
other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context indicates is
appropriate.
(i)
Number
of Days
.
In
computing the number of days for purposes of this Agreement, all days shall
be
counted, including Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays; provided, however, that
if
the final day of any time period falls on a Saturday, Sunday or Holiday, then
the final day shall be deemed to be the next day which is not a Saturday, Sunday
or Holiday.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
Parties hereto have executed this Management Agreement
VYSTAR
Corporation
|
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
By:
_______________________________
|
By:
____________________________
|
|
|
|
|
Name:
____________________________
|
Name:
Joseph
T. Drennan
|
|
|
|
|
Title:
____________________________
|
Title:
Vice
President and CFO
|
WARRANT
PURCHASE AGREEMENT
April
30,
2008
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
2
601
Annand Dr., #16
Wilmington,
Delaware 19808
Vystar
Corporation
,
a
Georgia corporation (the "
Company
"),
hereby agrees with you as follows:
|
1.
|
Concurrently
with the execution of this Warrant Purchase Agreement (the “
Agreement
”),
the Company is entering into with you a consulting agreement, of
even date
hereof. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement, the Company
will deliver to you a Warrant (the "
Warrant
")
in the form of
Exhibit
A
hereto, to purchase up to Five Hundred Thousand (500,000) shares
of the
Company’s common stock, par value $.0001 per share (the “
Common
Stock
”),
at a purchase price of ($2.00) per share, exercisable for a period
of up
to Sixty (60) months commencing on the date hereof. The right to
purchase
all Five Hundred Thousand (500,000) shares shall vest immediately.
|
|
2.
|
The
Company covenants that all shares that may be issued upon the exercise
of
the Warrant, upon issuance, will be validly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect
to
the issuance thereof. The Company further covenants that during the
period
within which the Warrant may be exercised, the Company will at all
times
have authorized and reserved a sufficient number of shares of Common
Stock
to permit the exercise of the
Warrant.
|
|
3.
|
This
Warrant is not transferable.
|
If
the
foregoing correctly sets forth our understanding, please sign
below.
Very
truly yours,
|
|
|
Accepted
as of the
|
Vystar
Corporation
|
date
written above:
|
William
R Doyle
|
Joseph
T Drennan, Vice President
|
President
& Chief Executive Officer
|
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
|
EXHIBIT
A
WARRANT
No. ___
NO
SALE,
TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THIS WARRANT OR THE SHARES PURCHASABLE
HEREUNDER SHALL BE MADE EXCEPT PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT
OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR PURSUANT TO AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE
ISSUER THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED. TRANSFER OF THIS WARRANT IS ALSO
RESTRICTED BY A WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT DATED April 30, 2008 A COPY OF WHICH
IS AVAILABLE FROM THE ISSUER.
WARRANT
TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK
IN
VYSTAR CORPORATION
Exercisable
Commencing
April
30,
2008
Void
After
April
30,
2013
THIS
CERTIFIES
that,
for value received, Universal Capital Management, Inc. of
2601
Annand Dr., #16, Wilmington, Delaware 19808
,
is
entitled, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Warrant, to
purchase from Vystar Corporation (“
Company
"),
located at 3235 Satellite Blvd., Building 400, Suite 290, Duluth, GA 30096
Five
Hundred Thousand (500,000) shares of the Company’s common stock, par value
$.0001 per share (the “
Common
Stock
”),
at a
purchase price of ($2.00) per share, exercisable for a period of up to Sixty
(60) months commencing on the date hereof, subject to adjustment as provided
in
Section 5 below. This Warrant is issued pursuant to a Warrant Purchase Agreement
between Universal Capital Management, Inc. and the Company, dated April 30,
2008, and is subject to all the terms thereof, including the vesting schedules
set forth in Section 1 thereof, and the limitations on transferability set
forth
in Section 3 thereof.
1.
This
Warrant may be exercised by the holder hereof, in whole or in part (but not
as
to a fractional share), by the presentation and surrender of this Warrant with
the form of Election to Purchase duly executed, at the principal office of
the
Company (or at such other address as the Company may designate by notice in
writing to the holder hereof at the address of such holder appearing on the
books of the Company), and upon payment to the Company of the purchase price
by
certified or bank cashier's check. The shares of Common Stock so purchased
shall
be deemed to be issued to the holder hereof as the record owner of such shares
of Common Stock as of the close of business on the date on which this Warrant
shall have been surrendered and payment made for such shares. Certificates
for
the shares of Common Stock so purchased shall be delivered or mailed to the
holder promptly after this Warrant has been exercised, and if applicable, a
new
Warrant identical in form representing the number of shares of Common Stock
with
respect to which this Warrant shall not then have been exercised shall also
be
issued to the holder hereof.
2.
Nothing
contained herein shall be construed to confer upon the holder of this Warrant,
as such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company.
3.
The
Company shall not issue certificates representing fractions of shares of Common
Stock upon the exercise of this Warrant, but shall make a cash payment for
any
fractional share based on the market price of the Common Stock on the date
of
exercise, which shall be the closing sale price on the principal exchange on
which the Common Stock is traded; or if not traded on any exchange, then the
representative closing bid price in the over-the-counter market; or if not
traded in the over-the-counter market, the fair market value as determined
by
the Company’s board of directors. All calculations under this Section 3 and
under Section 5 shall be made to the nearest cent or shares, as the case may
be.
4.
Subject
to the limitations on transfer set forth in Section 3 of the Warrant Purchase
Agreement, this Warrant is exchangeable, upon its surrender by the holder at
the
office of the Company referred to in Section 1 above, for new warrants
(containing the same terms as this Warrant) each representing the right to
purchase such number of shares of Common Stock as shall be designated by such
holder at the time of such surrender (but not exceeding in the aggregate the
remaining number of shares of Common Stock which may be purchased hereunder).
Upon receipt of evidence satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft,
destruction or mutilation of this Warrant and upon delivery of a bond of
indemnity satisfactory to the Company (or, in the case of mutilation, upon
surrender of this Warrant), the Company will issue to the holder a replacement
warrant (containing the same terms as this Warrant). As used herein, "Warrant"
shall include all new warrants issued in exchange for or replacement of this
Warrant.
5.
If
the
Company shall pay a dividend in shares of its Common Shares, subdivide
(forward-split) its outstanding shares of Common Stock, combine (reverse-split)
its outstanding shares of Common Stock, issue by reclassification of its shares
of Common Stock any shares or other securities of the Company, or distribute
to
holders of its Common Stock any securities of the Company or of another entity,
the number of shares of Common Stock or other securities the holder hereof
is
entitled to purchase pursuant to this Warrant immediately prior thereto shall
be
adjusted so that the holder shall be entitled to receive upon exercise the
number of shares of Common Stock or other securities which he or she would
have
owned or would have been entitled to receive after the happening of any of
the
events described above had this Warrant been exercised immediately prior to
the
happening of such event, and the exercise price per share shall be
correspondingly adjusted; provided, however, that no adjustment in the number
of
shares and/or the exercise price shall be required unless such adjustment would
require an increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in such number
and/or price; and provided further, however, that any adjustments which by
reason of this Section 5 are not required to be made shall be carried forward
and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. An adjustment made pursuant
to this Section 5 shall become effective immediately after the record date
in
the case of the stock dividend or other distribution and shall become effective
immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination
or reclassification. The holder of this Warrant shall be entitled to participate
in any subscription or other rights offering made to holders of Common Stock
had
he purchased the full number of shares as to which this Warrant remains
unexercised immediately prior to the record date for such rights offering.
If
the Company is consolidated or merged with or into another corporation or if
all
or substantially all of its assets are conveyed to another corporation this
Warrant shall thereafter be exercisable for the purchase of the kind and number
of shares of stock or other securities or property, if any, receivable upon
such
consolidation, merger or conveyance by a holder of the number of shares of
Common Stock of the Company which could have been purchased on the exercise
of
this Warrant immediately prior to such consolidation, merger or conveyance;
and,
in any such case, appropriate adjustment (as determined by the Board of
Directors) shall be made in the application of the provisions herein set forth
with respect to the rights and interests thereafter of the holder of this
Warrant to the end that the provisions set forth herein (including provisions
with respect to changes in and other adjustments of the number of shares of
Common Stock the holder of this Warrant is entitled to purchase) shall
thereafter be applicable, as nearly as possible, in relation to any shares
of
Common Stock or other securities or other property thereafter deliverable upon
the exercise of this Warrant. Upon any adjustment of the number of shares of
Common Stock or other securities the holder of this Warrant is entitled to
purchase, and of any change in exercise price per share, then in each such
case
the Company shall give written notice thereof to the then registered holder
of
this Warrant at the address of such holder as shown on the books of the Company,
which notice shall state such change and set forth in reasonable detail the
method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is
based.
6.
If
at any
time:
|
A.
|
The
Company shall declare a dividend or other distribution on its Common
Stock
payable otherwise than in cash at the same rate as the immediately
preceding regular dividend or in Common Stock;
|
|
B.
|
The
Company shall authorize the granting to the holders of its Common
Stock of
rights to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of
any
class or of any other rights;
|
|
C.
|
There
shall be any plan or agreement of reorganization, or reclassification
of
the capital stock of the Company, or consolidation or merger of the
Company with, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets to,
another corporation; or
|
|
D.
|
There
shall be a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding
up
of the Company; then the Company shall give to the registered holder
of
this Warrant at the address of such holder as shown on the books
of the
Company, at any time prior to the applicable record date or dates,
a
written notice summarizing such action or event and stating the record
date or dates for any such dividend or rights (or if a record is
not to be
taken, the date or dates as of which the holders of Common Stock
of record
to be entitled to such dividend or rights are to be determined),
the date
on which any such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation,
merger,
sale of assets, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected
to
become effective, and the date or dates as of which it is expected
the
holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to effect any
exchange
of their shares of Common Stock for securities of other property
deliverable upon any such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale of assets, dissolution, liquidation or winding
up.
|
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
Company has caused this Warrant to be signed by its duly authorized officers
on
April 30, 2008.
Attested:
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By:_______________________
|
By:
________________________________________
|
|
William
R Doyle
,
President & Chief Executive Officer
|
Vystar
Corporation
2004
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN
_________________________________
2004
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN
1.
|
Purpose
|
|
1
|
2.
|
Definitions
|
|
1
|
3.
|
Administration
|
|
6
|
|
(a)
|
Authority
of the Committee
|
|
6
|
|
(b)
|
Manner
of Exercise of Committee Authority
|
|
7
|
|
(c)
|
Limitation
of Liability.
|
|
7
|
4.
|
Shares
Subject to Plan
|
|
7
|
|
(a)
|
Limitation
on Overall Number of Shares Available for Delivery Under
Plan
|
|
7
|
|
(b)
|
Application
of Limitation to Grants of Award
|
|
7
|
|
(c)
|
Availability
of Shares Not Delivered under Awards and Adjustments to
Limits
|
|
8
|
5.
|
Eligibility;
Per-Person Award Limitations
|
|
8
|
6.
|
Specific
Terms of Awards
|
|
9
|
|
(a)
|
General
|
|
9
|
|
(b)
|
Options
|
|
9
|
|
(c)
|
Stock
Appreciation Rights
|
|
10
|
|
(d)
|
Restricted
Stock Awards
|
|
11
|
|
(e)
|
Deferred
Stock Award
|
|
12
|
|
(f)
|
Bonus
Stock and Awards in Lieu of Obligations
|
|
13
|
|
(g)
|
Dividend
Equivalents
|
|
13
|
|
(h)
|
Performance
Awards
|
|
14
|
|
(i)
|
Other
Stock-Based Awards
|
|
14
|
7.
|
Certain
Provisions Applicable to Awards
|
|
14
|
|
(a)
|
Stand-Alone,
Additional, Tandem, and Substitute Awards
|
|
14
|
|
(b)
|
Term
of Awards
|
|
15
|
|
(c)
|
Form
and Timing of Payment Under Awards; Deferrals
|
|
15
|
|
(d)
|
Exemptions
from Section 16(b) Liability.
|
|
15
|
8.
|
Code
Section 162(m) Provisions
|
|
16
|
|
(a)
|
Covered
Employees.
|
|
16
|
|
(b)
|
Performance
Criteria.
|
|
16
|
|
(c)
|
Performance
Period; Timing for Establishing Performance Goals.
|
|
16
|
|
(d)
|
Adjustments.
|
|
17
|
9.
|
Change
in Control
|
|
17
|
|
(a)
|
Effect
of Change in Control
|
|
17
|
|
(b)
|
Definition
of Change in Control
|
|
18
|
10.
|
General
Provisions.
|
|
19
|
|
(a)
|
Compliance
With Legal and Other Requirements.
|
|
19
|
|
(b)
|
Limits
on Transferability; Beneficiaries
|
|
19
|
|
(c)
|
Adjustments
|
|
20
|
|
(d)
|
Taxes
|
|
21
|
|
(e)
|
Changes
to the Plan and Awards
|
|
21
|
|
(f)
|
Limitation
on Rights Conferred Under Plan
|
|
22
|
|
(g)
|
Unfunded
Status of Awards; Creation of Trusts
|
|
22
|
|
(h)
|
Nonexclusivity
of the Plan
|
|
22
|
|
(i)
|
Payments
in the Event of Forfeitures; Fractional Shares
|
|
22
|
|
(j)
|
Governing
Law
|
|
22
|
|
(k)
|
Non-U.S.
Laws
|
|
22
|
|
(l)
|
Plan
Effective Date; Termination of Plan
|
|
23
|
Vystar
Corporation
2004
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN
1.
Purpose
.
The
purpose of this 2004 LONG-TERM
INCENTIVE
COMPENSATION PLAN (the “Plan”) is to assist Vystar Corporation, a Georgia
corporation (the “Company”) and its Related Entities (as hereinafter defined) in
attracting, motivating, retaining and rewarding high-quality executives and
other employees, officers, directors, consultants and other persons who provide
services to the Company or its Related Entities by enabling such persons to
acquire or increase a proprietary interest in the Company in order to strengthen
the mutuality of interests between such persons and the Company's shareholders,
and providing such persons with long term performance incentives to expend
their
maximum efforts in the creation of shareholder value.
2.
Definitions
.
For
purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set forth below,
in addition to such terms defined in Section 1 hereof.
(a)
“Award”
means any Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Deferred
Stock Award, Share granted as a bonus or in lieu of another award, Dividend
Equivalent, Other Stock-Based Award or Performance Award, together with any
other right or interest, granted to a Participant under the Plan.
(b)
“Award
Agreement” means any written agreement, contract or other instrument or document
evidencing any Award granted by the Committee hereunder.
(c)
“Beneficiary”
means the person, persons, trust or trusts that have been designated by a
Participant in his or her most recent written beneficiary designation filed
with
the Committee to receive the benefits specified under the Plan upon such
Participant's death or to which Awards or other rights are transferred if and
to
the extent permitted under Section 10(b) hereof. If, upon a Participant's death,
there is no designated Beneficiary or surviving designated Beneficiary, then
the
term Beneficiary means the person, persons, trust or trusts entitled by will
or
the laws of descent and distribution to receive such benefits.
(d)
“Beneficial
Owner” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 13d-3 under the
Exchange Act and any successor to such Rule.
(e)
“Board”
means the Company's Board of Directors.
(f)
“Cause”
shall, with respect to any Participant have the meaning specified in the Award
Agreement. In the absence of any definition in the Award Agreement, “Cause”
shall have the equivalent meaning or the same meaning as “cause” or “for cause”
set forth in any employment, consulting, or other agreement for the performance
of services between the Participant and the Company or a Related Entity or,
in
the absence of any such agreement or any such definition in such agreement,
such
term shall mean (i) the failure by the Participant to perform, in a reasonable
manner, his or her duties as assigned by the Company or a Related Entity, (ii)
any violation or breach by the Participant of his or her employment, consulting
or other similar agreement with the Company or a Related Entity, if any, (iii)
any violation or breach by the Participant of any non-competition,
non-solicitation, non-disclosure and/or other similar agreement with the Company
or a Related Entity, (iv) any act by the Participant of dishonesty or bad faith
with respect to the Company or a Related Entity, (v) use of alcohol, drugs
or
other similar substances in a manner that adversely affects the Participant’s
work performance, or (vi) the commission by the Participant of any act,
misdemeanor, or crime reflecting unfavorably upon the Participant or the Company
or any Related Entity. The good faith determination by the Committee of whether
the Participant’s Continuous Service was terminated by the Company for “Cause”
shall be final and binding for all purposes hereunder.
(g)
“Change
in Control” means a Change in Control as defined with related terms in Section
9(b) of the Plan.
(h)
“Code”
means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, including
regulations thereunder and successor provisions and regulations thereto.
(i)
“Committee”
means a committee designated by the Board to administer the Plan; provided,
however, that if the Board fails to designate a committee or if there are no
longer any members on the committee so designated by the Board, then the Board
shall serve as the Committee. In the event that the Company becomes a Publicly
Held Corporation (as hereinafter defined), then the Committee shall consist
of
at least two directors, and each member of the Committee shall be (i) a
“non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 (or any successor rule)
under the Exchange Act, unless administration of the Plan by “non-employee
directors” is not then required in order for exemptions under Rule 16b-3 to
apply to transactions under the Plan, (ii) an “outside director” within the
meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, and (iii) “Independent”.
(j)
“Consultant”
means any person (other than an Employee or a Director, solely with respect
to
rendering services in such person’s capacity as a director) who is engaged by
the Company or any Related Entity to render consulting or advisory services
to
the Company or such Related Entity.
(k)
“Continuous
Service” means the uninterrupted provision of services to the Company or any
Related Entity in any capacity of Employee, Director, Consultant or other
service provider. Continuous Service shall not be considered to be interrupted
in the case of (i) any approved leave of absence, (ii) transfers among the
Company, any Related Entities, or any successor entities, in any capacity of
Employee, Director, Consultant or other service provider, or (iii) any change
in
status as long as the individual remains in the service of the Company or a
Related Entity in any capacity of Employee, Director, Consultant or other
service provider (except as otherwise provided in the Award Agreement). An
approved leave of absence shall include sick leave, military leave, or any
other
authorized personal leave.
(l)
“Deferred
Stock” means a right to receive Shares, including Restricted Stock, cash or a
combination thereof, at the end of a specified deferral period.
(m)
“Deferred
Stock Award” means an Award of Deferred Stock granted to a Participant under
Section 6(e) hereof.
(n)
“Director”
means a member of the Board or the board of directors of any Related Entity.
(o)
“Disability”
means a permanent and total disability (within the meaning of Section 22(e)
of
the Code), as determined by a medical doctor satisfactory to the Committee.
(p)
“Discounted
Option” means any Option awarded under Section 6(b) hereof with an exercise
price that is less than the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of
grant.
(q)
“Discounted
Stock Appreciation Right” means any Stock Appreciation Right awarded under
Section 6(c) hereof with an exercise price that is less than the Fair Market
Value of a Share on the date of grant.
(r)
“Dividend
Equivalent” means a right, granted to a Participant under Section 6(g) hereof,
to receive cash, Shares, other Awards or other property equal in value to
dividends paid with respect to a specified number of Shares, or other periodic
payments.
(s)
“Effective
Date” means the effective date of the Plan, which shall be November 30, 2004.
(t)
“Eligible
Person” means each officer, Director, Employee, Consultant and other person who
provides services to the Company or any Related Entity. The foregoing
notwithstanding, only employees of the Company, or any parent corporation or
subsidiary corporation of the Company (as those terms are defined in Sections
424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively), shall be Eligible Persons for
purposes of receiving any Incentive Stock Options. An Employee on leave of
absence may be considered as still in the employ of the Company or a Related
Entity for purposes of eligibility for participation in the Plan.
(u)
“Employee”
means any person, including an officer or Director, who is an employee of the
Company or any Related Entity. The payment of a director’s fee by the Company or
a Related Entity shall not be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the
Company.
(v)
“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time,
including rules thereunder and successor provisions and rules thereto.
(w)
“Fair
Market Value” means the fair market value of Shares, Awards or other property as
determined by the Committee, or under procedures established by the Committee.
Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Fair Market Value of a Share
as of any given date after which the Company is a Publicly Held Corporation
shall be the closing sale price per Share reported on a consolidated basis
for
stock listed on the principal stock exchange or market on which Shares are
traded on the date immediately preceding the date as of which such value is
being determined or, if there is no sale on that date, then on the last previous
day on which a sale was reported.
(x)
“Good
Reason” shall, with respect to any Participant, have the meaning specified in
the Award Agreement. In the absence of any definition in the Award Agreement,
“Good Reason” shall have the equivalent meaning or the same meaning as “good
reason” or “for good reason” set forth in any employment, consulting or other
agreement for the performance of services between the Participant and the
Company or a Related Entity or, in the absence of any such agreement or any
such
definition in such agreement, such term shall mean (i) the assignment to the
Participant of any duties inconsistent in any material respect with the
Participant's position (including status, offices, titles and reporting
requirements), authority, duties or responsibilities as assigned by the Company
or a Related Entity, or any other action by the Company or a Related Entity
which results in a material diminution in such position, authority, duties
or
responsibilities, excluding for this purpose an isolated, insubstantial and
inadvertent action not taken in bad faith and which is remedied by the Company
or a Related Entity promptly after receipt of notice thereof given by the
Participant; (ii) any material failure by the Company or a Related Entity to
comply with its obligations to the Participant as agreed upon, other than an
isolated, insubstantial and inadvertent failure not occurring in bad faith
and
which is remedied by the Company or a Related Entity promptly after receipt
of
notice thereof given by the Participant; or (iii) the Company's or Related
Entity’s requiring the Participant to be based at any office or location outside
of [fifty] miles from the location of employment or service as of the date
of
Award, except for travel reasonably required in the performance of the
Participant’s responsibilities.
(y)
“Incentive
Stock Option” means any Option intended to be designated as an incentive stock
option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code or any successor provision
thereto.
(z)
“Independent”,
when referring to either the Board or members of the Committee, shall have
the
same meaning as used in the rules of any national securities exchange on which
any securities of the Company are listed for trading, and if not listed for
trading, by the rules of Nasdaq Stock Market.
(aa)
“Incumbent
Board” means the Incumbent Board as defined in Section 9(b)(ii) of the Plan.
(bb)
“Option”
means a right granted to a Participant under Section 6(b) hereof, to purchase
Shares or other Awards at a specified price during specified time periods.
(cc)
“Optionee”
means a person to whom an Option is granted under this Plan or any person who
succeeds to the rights of such person under this Plan.
(dd)
“Option
Proceeds” means the cash actually received by the Company for the exercise price
in connection with the exercise of Options that are exercised after the
Effective Date of the Plan, plus the maximum tax benefit that could be realized
by the Company as a result of the exercise of such Options, which tax benefit
shall be determined by multiplying (i) the amount that is deductible for Federal
income tax purposes as a result of any such option exercise (currently, equal
to
the amount upon which the Participant's withholding tax obligation is
calculated), times (ii) the maximum Federal corporate income tax rate for the
year of exercise. With respect to Options to the extent that a Participant
pays
the exercise price and/or withholding taxes with Shares, Option Proceeds shall
not be calculated with respect to the amounts so paid in Shares.
(ee)
“Other
Stock-Based Awards” means Awards granted to a Participant under Section 6(i)
hereof.
(ff)
“Participant”
means a person who has been granted an Award under the Plan which remains
outstanding, including a person who is no longer an Eligible Person.
(gg)
“Performance
Award” shall mean any Award of Performance Shares or Performance Units granted
pursuant to Section 6(h).
(hh)
“Performance
Period” means that period established by the Committee at the time any
Performance Award is granted or at any time thereafter during which any
performance goals specified by the Committee with respect to such Award are
to
be measured.
(ii)
“Performance
Share” means any grant pursuant to Section 6(h) of a unit valued by reference to
a designated number of Shares, which value may be paid to the Participant by
delivery of such property as the Committee shall determine, including cash,
Shares, other property, or any combination thereof, upon achievement of such
performance goals during the Performance Period as the Committee shall establish
at the time of such grant or thereafter.
(jj)
“Performance
Unit” means any grant pursuant to Section 6(h) of a unit valued by reference to
a designated amount of property (including cash) other than Shares, which value
may be paid to the Participant by delivery of such property as the Committee
shall determine, including cash, Shares, other property, or any combination
thereof, upon achievement of such performance goals during the Performance
Period as the Committee shall establish at the time of such grant or
thereafter.
(kk)
“Person”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(a)(9) of the
Exchange Act and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, and shall include
a
“group” as defined in Section 13(d) thereof.
(ll)
“Publicly
Held Corporation” shall mean a publicly held corporation as that term is used
under Section 162(m)(2) of the Code.
(mm)
“Related
Entity” means any Subsidiary, and any business, corporation, partnership,
limited liability company or other entity designated by Board in which the
Company or a Subsidiary holds a substantial ownership interest, directly or
indirectly.
(nn)
“Restricted
Stock” means any Share issued with the restriction that the holder may not sell,
transfer, pledge or assign such Share and with such risks of forfeiture and
other restrictions as the Committee, in its sole discretion, may impose
(including any restriction on the right to vote such Share and the right to
receive any dividends), which restrictions may lapse separately or in
combination at such time or times, in installments or otherwise, as the
Committee may deem appropriate.
(oo)
“Restricted
Stock Award” means an Award granted to a Participant under Section 6(d)
hereof.
(pp)
“Rule
16b-3” means Rule 16b-3, as from time to time in effect and applicable to the
Plan and Participants, promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission
under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
(qq)
“Shares”
means the shares of common stock of the Company, have no par value, and such
other securities as may be substituted (or resubstituted) for Shares pursuant
to
Section 10(c) hereof.
(rr)
“Stock
Appreciation Right” means a right granted to a Participant under Section 6(c)
hereof.
(ss)
“Subsidiary”
means any corporation or other entity in which the Company has a direct or
indirect ownership interest of 50% or more of the total combined voting power
of
the then outstanding securities or interests of such corporation or other entity
entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or in which the Company
has the right to receive 50% or more of the distribution of profits or 50%
or
more of the assets on liquidation or dissolution.
(tt)
“Substitute
Awards” shall mean Awards granted or Shares issued by the Company in assumption
of, or in substitution or exchange for, awards previously granted, or the right
or obligation to make future awards, by a company acquired by the Company or
any
Related Entity or with which the Company or any Related Entity
combines.
3.
Administration
.
(
a
)
Authority
of the Committee
.
The
Plan shall be administered by the Committee; provided, however, that except
as
otherwise expressly provided in this Plan, the Board may exercise any power
or
authority granted to the Committee under this Plan and in that case, references
herein shall be deemed to include references to the Board. The Committee shall
have full and final authority, subject to and consistent with the provisions
of
the Plan, to select Eligible Persons to become Participants, grant Awards,
determine the type, number and other terms and conditions of, and all other
matters relating to, Awards, prescribe Award Agreements (which need not be
identical for each Participant) and rules and regulations for the administration
of the Plan, construe and interpret the Plan and Award Agreements and correct
defects, supply omissions or reconcile inconsistencies therein, and to make
all
other decisions and determinations as the Committee may deem necessary or
advisable for the administration of the Plan. In exercising any discretion
granted to the Committee under the Plan or pursuant to any Award, the Committee
shall not be required to follow past practices, act in a manner consistent
with
past practices, or treat any Eligible Person or Participant in a manner
consistent with the treatment of other Eligible Persons or
Participants.
(b)
Manner
of Exercise of Committee Authority
.
In the
event that the Company becomes a Publicly Held Corporation, the Committee,
and
not the Board, shall exercise sole and exclusive discretion on any matter
relating to a Participant then subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act
with respect to the Company to the extent necessary in order that transactions
by such Participant shall be exempt under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act.
Any
action of the Committee shall be final, conclusive and binding on all persons,
including the Company, its Related Entities, Participants, Beneficiaries,
transferees under Section 10(b) hereof or other persons claiming rights from
or
through a Participant, and shareholders. The express grant of any specific
power
to the Committee, and the taking of any action by the Committee, shall not
be
construed as limiting any power or authority of the Committee. The Committee
may
delegate to officers or managers of the Company or any Related Entity, or
committees thereof, the authority, subject to such terms as the Committee shall
determine to perform such functions, including administrative functions as
the
Committee may determine to the extent that such delegation will not result
in
the loss of an exemption under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) for Awards granted to
Participants subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act in respect of the Company
and will not cause Awards intended to qualify as “performance-based
compensation” under Code Section 162(m) to fail to so qualify. The Committee may
appoint agents to assist it in administering the Plan.
(c)
Limitation
of Liability
.
The
Committee and the Board, and each member thereof, shall be entitled to, in
good
faith, rely or act upon any report or other information furnished to him or
her
by any officer or Employee, the Company's independent auditors, Consultants
or
any other agents assisting in the administration of the Plan. Members of the
Committee and the Board, and any officer or Employee acting at the direction
or
on behalf of the Committee or the Board, shall not be personally liable for
any
action or determination taken or made in good faith with respect to the Plan,
and shall, to the extent permitted by law, be fully indemnified and protected
by
the Company with respect to any such action or determination.
4.
Shares
Subject to Plan
.
(a)
Limitation
on Overall Number of Shares Available for Delivery Under Plan
.
Subject
to adjustment as provided in Section 10(c) hereof, the total number of Shares
reserved and available for grant under the Plan shall be 4,000,000. Any Shares
that are subject to Awards of Options or Stock Appreciation Rights shall be
counted against this limit as one (1) Share for every one (1) Share granted.
Any
Shares that are subject to Awards other than Options or Stock Appreciation
Rights shall be counted against this limit as one and one-half (1.5) Shares
for
every one (1) Share granted. Any Shares delivered under the Plan may consist,
in
whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares or treasury
shares.
(b)
Application
of Limitation to Grants of Award.
.
No
Award may be granted if the number of Shares to be delivered in connection
with
such an Award or, in the case of an Award relating to Shares but settled only
in
cash (such as cash-only Stock Appreciation Rights), the number of Shares to
which such Award relates, exceeds the number of Shares remaining available
under
the Plan, minus the number of Shares deliverable in settlement of or relating
to
then outstanding Awards. The Committee may adopt reasonable counting procedures
to ensure appropriate counting, avoid double counting (as, for example, in
the
case of tandem or substitute awards) and make adjustments if the number of
Shares actually delivered differs from the number of Shares previously counted
in connection with an Award.
(c)
Availability
of Shares Not Delivered under Awards and Adjustments to Limits.
.
(i)
If
any
Shares subject to an Award are forfeited, expire or otherwise terminate without
issuance of such Shares, or any Award is settled for cash or otherwise does
not
result in the issuance of all or a portion of the Shares subject to such Award,
the Shares shall, to the extent of such forfeiture, expiration, termination,
cash settlement or non-issuance, again be available for Awards under the Plan,
subject to Section 4(c)(v) below.
(ii)
In
the
event that any Option or other Award granted hereunder is exercised through
the
tendering of Shares (either actually or by attestation) or by the withholding
of
Shares by the Company, or withholding tax liabilities arising from such Option
or other Award are satisfied by the tendering of Shares (either actually or
by
attestation) or by the withholding of Shares by the Company, then only the
number of Shares issued net of the Shares tendered or withheld shall be counted
for purposes of
determining
the maximum number of Shares available for grant under the Plan.
(iii)
Shares
reacquired by the Company on the open market using Option Proceeds shall be
available for Awards under the Plan. The increase in Shares available pursuant
to the repurchase of Shares with Option Proceeds shall not be greater than
the
amount of such proceeds divided by the Fair Market Value of a Share on the
date
of exercise of the Option giving rise to such Option Proceeds.
(iv)
Substitute
Awards shall not reduce the Shares authorized for grant under the Plan or
authorized for grant to a Participant in any period. Additionally, in the event
that a company acquired by the Company or any Related Entity or with which
the
Company or any Related Entity combines has shares available under a pre-existing
plan approved by shareholders and not adopted in contemplation of such
acquisition or combination, the shares available for delivery pursuant to the
terms of such pre-existing plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using
the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio or formula used in
such acquisition or combination to determine the consideration payable to the
holders of common stock of the entities party to such acquisition or
combination) may be used for Awards under the Plan and shall not reduce the
Shares authorized for delivery under the Plan; provided that Awards using such
available shares shall not be made after the date awards or grants could have
been made under the terms of the pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition
or
combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not Employees or
Directors prior to such acquisition or combination.
(v)
Any
Shares that again become available for delivery pursuant to this Section 4(c)
shall be added back as one (1).
(vi)
Notwithstanding
anything in this Section 4(c) to the contrary and solely for purposes of
determining whether Shares are available for the delivery of Incentive Stock
Options, the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be granted under this
Plan shall be determined without regard to any Shares restored pursuant to
this
Section 4(c) that, if taken into account, would cause the Plan to fail the
requirement under Code Section 422 that the Plan designate a maximum aggregate
number of shares that may be issued.
5.
Eligibility..
Awards
may be granted under the Plan only to Eligible Persons.
6.
Specific
Terms of Awards
.
(a)
General
.
Awards
may be granted on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 6. In
addition, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at
the
date of grant or thereafter (subject to Section 10(e)), such additional terms
and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as the
Committee shall determine, including terms requiring forfeiture of Awards in
the
event of termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service and terms
permitting a Participant to make elections relating to his or her Award. The
Committee shall retain full power and discretion to accelerate, waive or modify,
at any time, any term or condition of an Award that is not mandatory under
the
Plan. Except in cases in which the Committee is authorized to require other
forms of consideration under the Plan, or to the extent other forms of
consideration must be paid to satisfy the requirements of Georgia law, no
consideration other than services may be required for the grant (but not the
exercise) of any Award.
(b)
Options.
The
Committee is authorized to grant Options to any Eligible Person on the following
terms and conditions:
(i)
Exercise
Price.
Other
than in connection with Substitute Awards, the exercise price per Share
purchasable under an Option shall be determined by the Committee, provided
that
such exercise price shall not, in the case of Incentive Stock Options, be less
than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant of the Option
and shall not, in any event, be less than the par value of a Share on the date
of grant of the Option. If an Employee owns or is deemed to own (by reason
of
the attribution rules applicable under Section 424(d) of the Code) more than
10%
of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company (or any
parent corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company, as those terms
are
defined in Sections 424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively) and an Incentive
Stock Option is granted to such employee, the exercise price of such Incentive
Stock Option (to the extent required by the Code at the time of grant) shall
be
no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value a Share on the date such Incentive
Stock Option is granted Other than pursuant to Section 10(c), the Committee
shall not be permitted to (A) lower the exercise price per Share of an Option
after it is granted, (B) cancel an Option when the exercise price per Share
exceeds the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares in exchange for another
Award (other than in connection with Substitute Awards), or (C) take any other
action with respect to an Option that may be treated as a repricing, without
approval of the Company's shareholders.
(ii)
Time
and Method of Exercise
.
The
Committee shall determine the time or times at which or the circumstances under
which an Option may be exercised in whole or in part (including based on
achievement of performance goals and/or future service requirements), the time
or times at which Options shall cease to be or become exercisable following
termination of Continuous Service or upon other conditions, the methods by
which
the exercise price may be paid or deemed to be paid (including in the discretion
of the Committee a cashless exercise procedure), the form of such payment,
including, without limitation, cash, Shares, other Awards or awards granted
under other plans of the Company or a Related Entity, or other property
(including notes or other contractual obligations of Participants to make
payment on a deferred basis provided that such deferred payments are not in
violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or any rule or regulation adopted
thereunder or any other applicable law), and the methods by or forms in which
Shares will be delivered or deemed to be delivered to Participants. Except
under
certain circumstances contemplated by Section 9 or as may be set forth in an
Award Agreement with respect to the death or Disability of a Participant,
Options shall not be exercisable before the expiration of one year from the
date
the Option is granted.
(iii)
Incentive
Stock Options
.
The
terms of any Incentive Stock Option granted under the Plan shall comply in
all
respects with the provisions of Section 422 of the Code. Anything in the Plan
to
the contrary notwithstanding, no term of the Plan relating to Incentive Stock
Options (including any Stock Appreciation Right issued in tandem therewith)
shall be interpreted, amended or altered, nor shall any discretion or authority
granted under the Plan be exercised, so as to disqualify either the Plan or
any
Incentive Stock Option under Section 422 of the Code, unless the Participant
has
first requested, or consents to, the change that will result in such
disqualification. Thus, if and to the extent required to comply with Section
422
of the Code, Options granted as Incentive Stock Options shall be subject to
the
following special terms and conditions:
(A)
the
Option shall not be exercisable more than ten years after the date such
Incentive Stock Option is granted; provided, however, that if a Participant
owns
or is deemed to own (by reason of the attribution rules of Section 424(d) of
the
Code) more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of
the
Company (or any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company,
as
those terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively)
and the Incentive Stock Option is granted to such Participant, the term of
the
Incentive Stock Option shall be (to the extent required by the Code at the
time
of the grant) for no more than five years from the date of grant;
and
(B)
The
aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date the Incentive Stock
Option is granted) of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options
granted under the Plan and all other option plans of the Company (and any parent
corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company, as those terms are defined
in Sections 424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively) during any calendar year
exercisable for the first time by the Participant during any calendar year
shall
not (to the extent required by the Code at the time of the grant) exceed
$100,000.
(c)
Stock
Appreciation Rights
.
The
Committee may grant Stock Appreciation Rights to any Eligible Person in
conjunction with all or part of any Option granted under the Plan or at any
subsequent time during the term of such Option (a “Tandem Stock Appreciation
Right”), or without regard to any Option (a “Freestanding Stock Appreciation
Right”), in each case upon such terms and conditions as the Committee may
establish in its sole discretion, not inconsistent with the provisions of the
Plan, including the following:
(i)
Right
to Payment
.
A Stock
Appreciation Right shall confer on the Participant to whom it is granted a
right
to receive, upon exercise thereof, the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value
of
one Share on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the Stock
Appreciation Right as determined by the Committee. The grant price of a Stock
Appreciation Right shall not be less than 75% of the Fair Market Value of a
Share on the date of grant, in the case of a Freestanding Stock Appreciation
Right, or less than the associated Option exercise price, in the case of a
Tandem Stock Appreciation Right. Other than pursuant to Section 10(c), the
Committee shall not be permitted to (A) lower the exercise price per Share
of a
Stock Appreciation Right after it is granted, (B) cancel a Stock Appreciation
Right when the exercise price per Share exceeds the Fair Market Value of the
underlying Shares in exchange for another Award (other than in connection with
Substitute Awards), or (C) take any other action with respect to a Stock
Appreciation Right that may be treated as a repricing, without shareholder
approval. A Freestanding Stock Appreciation Right shall not be exercisable
before the expiration of one year from the date of grant, except under certain
circumstances contemplated by Section 9 or as may be set forth in an Award
Agreement with respect to the death or Disability of a Participant.
(ii)
Other
Terms
.
The
Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, the time or times
at which and the circumstances under which a Stock Appreciation Right may be
exercised in whole or in part (including based on achievement of performance
goals and/or future service requirements), the time or times at which Stock
Appreciation Rights shall cease to be or become exercisable following
termination of Continuous Service or upon other conditions, the method of
exercise, method of settlement, form of consideration payable in settlement,
method by or forms in which Shares will be delivered or deemed to be delivered
to Participants, whether or not a Stock Appreciation Right shall be in tandem
or
in combination with any other Award, and any other terms and conditions of
any
Stock Appreciation Right.
(iii)
Tandem
Stock Appreciation Rights.
Any
Tandem Stock Appreciation Right may be granted at the same time as the related
Option is granted or, for Options that are not Incentive Stock Options, at
any
time thereafter before exercise or expiration of such Option. Any Tandem Stock
Appreciation Right related to an Option may be exercised only when the related
Option would be exercisable and the Fair Market Value of the Shares subject
to
the related Option exceeds the exercise price at which Shares can be acquired
pursuant to the Option. In addition, if a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right exists
with respect to less than the full number of Shares covered by a related Option,
then an exercise or termination of such Option shall not reduce the number
of
Shares to which the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right applies until the number
of
Shares then exercisable under such Option equals the number of Shares to which
the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right applies. Any Option related to a Tandem
Stock Appreciation Right shall no longer be exercisable to the extent the Tandem
Stock Appreciation Right has been exercised, and any Tandem Stock Appreciation
Right shall no longer be exercisable to the extent the related Option has been
exercised.
(d)
Restricted
Stock Awards
.
The
Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Awards to any Eligible Person
on the following terms and conditions:
(i)
Grant
and Restrictions
.
Restricted Stock Awards shall be subject to such restrictions on
transferability, risk of forfeiture and other restrictions, if any, as the
Committee may impose, or as otherwise provided in this Plan, covering a period
of time specified by the Committee (the “Restriction Period”). The terms of any
Restricted Stock Award granted under the Plan shall be set forth in a written
Award Agreement which shall contain provisions determined by the Committee
and
not inconsistent with the Plan. The restrictions may lapse separately or in
combination at such times, under such circumstances (including based on
achievement of performance goals and/or future service requirements), in such
installments or otherwise, as the Committee may determine at the date of grant
or thereafter. Except to the extent restricted under the terms of the Plan
and
any Award Agreement relating to a Restricted Stock Award, a Participant granted
Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of a shareholder, including the
right to vote the Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon
(subject to any mandatory reinvestment or other requirement imposed by the
Committee). During the Restriction Period, subject to Section 10(b) below,
the
Restricted Stock may not be sold, transferred, pledged, hypothecated, margined
or otherwise encumbered by the Participant.
(ii)
Forfeiture
.
Except
as otherwise determined by the Committee, upon termination of a Participant's
Continuous Service during the applicable Restriction Period, the Participant's
Restricted Stock that is at that time subject to a risk of forfeiture that
has
not lapsed or otherwise been satisfied shall be forfeited and reacquired by
the
Company; provided that the Committee may provide, by rule or regulation or
in
any Award Agreement, or may determine in any individual case, that forfeiture
conditions relating to Restricted Stock Awards shall be waived in whole or
in
part in the event of terminations resulting from specified causes.
(iii)
Certificates
for Stock
.
Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as
the
Committee shall determine. If certificates representing Restricted Stock are
registered in the name of the Participant, the Committee may require that such
certificates bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms, conditions
and
restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, that the Company retain
physical possession of the certificates, and that the Participant deliver a
stock power to the Company, endorsed in blank, relating to the Restricted
Stock.
(iv)
Dividends
and Splits
.
As a
condition to the grant of a Restricted Stock Award, the Committee may require
or
permit a Participant to elect that any cash dividends paid on a Share of
Restricted Stock be automatically reinvested in additional Shares of Restricted
Stock or applied to the purchase of additional Awards under the Plan. Unless
otherwise determined by the Committee, Shares distributed in connection with
a
stock split or stock dividend, and other property distributed as a dividend,
shall be subject to restrictions and a risk of forfeiture to the same extent
as
the Restricted Stock with respect to which such Shares or other property have
been distributed.
(v)
Minimum
Vesting Period.
Except
for certain limited situations (including termination of employment, a Change
in
Control referred to in Section 9, grants to new hires to replace forfeited
compensation, grants representing payment of earned Performance Awards or other
incentive compensation, or grants to Directors), Restricted Stock Awards subject
solely to future service requirements shall have a Restriction Period of not
less than three years from date of grant (but permitting pro-rata vesting over
such time).
(e)
Deferred
Stock Award
.
The
Committee is authorized to grant Deferred Stock Awards to any Eligible Person
on
the following terms and conditions:
(i)
Award
and Restrictions
.
Satisfaction of a Deferred Stock Award shall occur upon expiration of the
deferral period specified for such Deferred Stock Award by the Committee (or,
if
permitted by the Committee, as elected by the Participant). In addition, a
Deferred Stock Award shall be subject to such restrictions (which may include
a
risk of forfeiture) as the Committee may impose, if any, which restrictions
may
lapse at the expiration of the deferral period or at earlier specified times
(including based on achievement of performance goals and/or future service
requirements), separately or in combination, in installments or otherwise,
as
the Committee may determine. A Deferred Stock Award may be satisfied by delivery
of Shares, cash equal to the Fair Market Value of the specified number of Shares
covered by the Deferred Stock, or a combination thereof, as determined by the
Committee at the date of grant or thereafter. Prior to satisfaction of a
Deferred Stock Award, a Deferred Stock Award carries no voting or dividend
or
other rights associated with Share ownership.
(ii)
Forfeiture
.
Except
as otherwise determined by the Committee, upon termination of a Participant's
Continuous Service during the applicable deferral period or portion thereof
to
which forfeiture conditions apply (as provided in the Award Agreement evidencing
the Deferred Stock Award), the Participant's Deferred Stock Award that is at
that time subject to a risk of forfeiture that has not lapsed or otherwise
been
satisfied shall be forfeited; provided that the Committee may provide, by rule
or regulation or in any Award Agreement, or may determine in any individual
case, that forfeiture conditions relating to a Deferred Stock Award shall be
waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations resulting from specified
causes, and the Committee may in other cases waive in whole or in part the
forfeiture of any Deferred Stock Award.
(iii)
Dividend
Equivalents
.
Unless
otherwise determined by the Committee at date of grant, any Dividend Equivalents
that are granted with respect to any Deferred Stock Award shall be either (A)
paid with respect to such Deferred Stock Award at the dividend payment date
in
cash or in Shares of unrestricted stock having a Fair Market Value equal to
the
amount of such dividends, or (B) deferred with respect to such Deferred Stock
Award and the amount or value thereof automatically deemed reinvested in
additional Deferred Stock, other Awards or other investment vehicles, as the
Committee shall determine or permit the Participant to elect.
(f)
Bonus
Stock and Awards in Lieu of Obligations
.
The
Committee is authorized to grant Shares to any Eligible Persons as a bonus,
or
to grant Shares or other Awards in lieu of obligations to pay cash or deliver
other property under the Plan or under other plans or compensatory arrangements,
provided that, in the case of Eligible Persons subject to Section 16 of the
Exchange Act, the amount of such grants remains within the discretion of the
Committee to the extent necessary to ensure that acquisitions of Shares or
other
Awards are exempt from liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act. Shares
or Awards granted hereunder shall be subject to such other terms as shall be
determined by the Committee.
(g)
Dividend
Equivalents
.
The
Committee is authorized to grant Dividend Equivalents in connection with another
Award granted to any Eligible Person entitling the Eligible Person to receive
cash, Shares, other Awards, or other property equal in value to the dividends
paid with respect to a specified number of Shares, or other periodic payments.
Dividend Equivalents may be awarded on a free-standing basis or in connection
with another Award. The Committee may provide that Dividend Equivalents shall
be
paid or distributed when accrued or shall be deemed to have been reinvested
in
additional Shares, Awards, or other investment vehicles, and subject to such
restrictions on transferability and risks of forfeiture, as the Committee may
specify.
(h)
Performance
Awards
.
The
Committee is authorized to grant Performance Awards to any Eligible Person
payable in cash, Shares, or other Awards, on terms and conditions established
by
the Committee, subject to the provisions of Section 8 if and to the extent
that
the Committee shall, in its sole discretion, determine that an Award shall
be
subject to those provisions. The performance criteria to be achieved during
any
Performance Period and the length of the Performance Period shall be determined
by the Committee upon the grant of each Performance Award
;
provided, however, that a Performance Period shall not be shorter than 12
m
onths
nor
longer than five year
s.
Except
as provided in Section 9 or as may be provided in an Award Agreement,
Performance Awards will be distributed only after the end of the relevant
Performance Period. The performance goals to be achieved for each Performance
Period shall be conclusively determined by the Committee and may be based upon
the criteria set forth in Section 8(b), or in the case of an Award that the
Committee determines shall not be subject to Section 8 hereof, any other
criteria that the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine should
be
used for that purpose. The amount of the Award to be distributed shall be
conclusively determined by the Committee. Performance Awards may be paid in
a
lump sum or in installments following the close of the Performance Period or,
in
accordance with procedures established by the Committee, on a deferred
basis.
(i)
Other
Stock-Based Awards
.
The
Committee is authorized, subject to limitations under applicable law, to grant
to any Eligible Person such other Awards that may be denominated or payable
in,
valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related
to, Shares, as deemed by the Committee to be consistent with the purposes of
the
Plan. Other Stock-Based Awards may be granted to Participants either alone
or in
addition to other Awards granted under the Plan, and such Other Stock-Based
Awards shall also be available as a form of payment in the settlement of other
Awards granted under the Plan. The Committee shall determine the terms and
conditions of such Awards. Shares delivered pursuant to an Award in the nature
of a purchase right granted under this Section 6(i) shall be purchased for
such
consideration,
(including
without limitation loans from the Company or a Related Entity provided that
such
loans are not in violation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, or any rule or
regulation adopted thereunder or any other applicable law)
paid
for
at such times, by such methods, and in such forms, including, without
limitation, cash, Shares, other Awards or other property, as the Committee
shall
determine.
Except
for certain limited situations (including termination of employment, a Change
in
Control referred to in Section 9, grants to new hires to replace forfeited
compensation, grants representing payment of earned Performance Awards or other
incentive compensation, or grants to Directors), Other Stock-Based Awards
subject solely to future service requirements shall be subject to restrictions
for a period of not less than three years from date of grant (but permitting
pro-rata vesting over such time).
7.
Certain
Provisions Applicable to Awards
.
(a)
Stand-Alone,
Additional, Tandem, and Substitute Awards
.
Awards
granted under the Plan may, in the discretion of the Committee, be granted
either alone or in addition to, in tandem with, or in substitution or exchange
for, any other Award or any award granted under another plan of the Company,
any
Related Entity, or any business entity to be acquired by the Company or a
Related Entity, or any other right of a Participant to receive payment from
the
Company or any Related Entity. Such additional, tandem, and substitute or
exchange Awards may be granted at any time. If an Award is granted in
substitution or exchange for another Award or award, the Committee shall require
the surrender of such other Award or award in consideration for the grant of
the
new Award. In addition, Awards may be granted in lieu of cash compensation,
including in lieu of cash amounts payable under other plans of the Company
or
any Related Entity, in which the value of Stock subject to the Award is
equivalent in value to the cash compensation (for example, Deferred Stock or
Restricted Stock), or in which the exercise price, grant price or purchase
price
of the Award in the nature of a right that may be exercised is equal to the
Fair
Market Value of the underlying Stock minus the value of the cash compensation
surrendered (for example, Options or Stock Appreciation Right granted with
an
exercise price “discounted” by the amount of the cash compensation
surrendered).
(b)
Term
of Awards
.
The
term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the
Committee; provided that in no event shall the term of any Option or Stock
Appreciation Right exceed a period of ten years (or in the case of an Incentive
Stock Option such shorter term as may be required under Section 422 of the
Code).
(c)
Form
and Timing of Payment Under Awards; Deferrals
.
Subject
to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be
made
by the Company or a Related Entity upon the exercise of an Option or other
Award
or settlement of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall
determine, including, without limitation, cash, Shares, other Awards or other
property, and may be made in a single payment or transfer, in installments,
or
on a deferred basis. Any installment or deferral provided for in the preceding
sentence shall, however, be subject to the Company’s compliance with the
provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the rules and regulations adopted
by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, and all applicable rules
of the Nasdaq Stock Market or any national securities exchange on which the
Company’s securities are listed for trading and, if not listed for trading on
either the Nasdaq Stock Market or a national securities exchange, then the
rules
of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The settlement of any Award may be accelerated,
and
cash paid in lieu of Stock in connection with such settlement, in the discretion
of the Committee or upon occurrence of one or more specified events (in addition
to a Change in Control). Installment or deferred payments may be required by
the
Committee (subject to Section 10(e) of the Plan, including the consent
provisions thereof in the case of any deferral of an outstanding Award not
provided for in the original Award Agreement) or permitted at the election
of
the Participant on terms and conditions established by the Committee. Payments
may include, without limitation, provisions for the payment or crediting of
a
reasonable interest rate on installment or deferred payments or the grant or
crediting of Dividend Equivalents or other amounts in respect of installment
or
deferred payments denominated in Shares.
(d)
Exemptions
from Section 16(b) Liability
.
If the
Company becomes a Publicly Held Corporation, it is the intent of the Company
that the grant of any Awards to or other transaction by a Participant who is
subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall be exempt from Section 16
pursuant to an applicable exemption (except for transactions acknowledged in
writing to be non-exempt by such Participant). Accordingly, if any provision
of
this Plan or any Award Agreement does not comply with the requirements of Rule
16b-3 then applicable to any such transaction, such provision shall be construed
or deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to the applicable
requirements of Rule 16b-3 so that such Participant shall avoid liability under
Section 16(b).
8.
Code
Section 162(m) Provisions
.
(a
)
Covered
Employees.
If
the
Company becomes a Publicly Held Corporation, the Committee, in its discretion,
may
determine at the time an Award is granted to an Eligible Person who is, or
is
likely to be, as of the end of the tax year in which the Company would claim
a
tax deduction in connection with such Award, a Covered Employee, that the
provisions of this Section 8 shall be applicable to such Award.
(b
)
Performance
Criteria
.
If an
Award is subject to this Section 8, then the lapsing of restrictions thereon
and
the distribution of cash, Shares or other property pursuant thereto, as
applicable, shall be contingent upon achievement of one or more objective
performance goals. Performance goals shall be objective and shall otherwise
meet
the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code and regulations thereunder
including the requirement that the level or levels of performance targeted
by
the Committee result in the achievement of performance goals being
“substantially uncertain.” One or more of the following business criteria for
the Company, on a consolidated basis, and/or for Related Entities, or for
business or geographical units of the Company and/or a Related Entity (except
with respect to the total shareholder return and earnings per share criteria),
shall be used by the Committee in establishing performance goals for such
Awards: (1) earnings per share; (2) revenues or margins; (3) cash
flow; (4) operating margin; (5) return on net assets, investment,
capital, or equity; (6) economic value added; (7) direct contribution;
(8) net income; pretax earnings; earnings before interest and taxes;
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; earnings after
interest expense and before extraordinary or special items; operating income;
income before interest income or expense, unusual items and income taxes, local,
state or federal and excluding budgeted and actual bonuses which might be paid
under any ongoing bonus plans of the Company; (9) working capital;
(10) management of fixed costs or variable costs; (11) identification
or consummation of investment opportunities or completion of specified projects
in accordance with corporate business plans, including strategic mergers,
acquisitions or divestitures; (12) total shareholder return; and
(13) debt reduction. Any of the above goals may be determined on an
absolute or relative basis or as compared to the performance of a published
or
special index deemed applicable by the Committee including, but not limited
to,
the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index or a group of companies that are
comparable to the Company. The Committee may exclude the impact of an event
or
occurrence which the Committee determines should appropriately be excluded,
including without limitation (i) restructurings, discontinued operations,
extraordinary items, and other unusual or non-recurring charges, (ii) an event
either not directly related to the operations of the Company or not within
the
reasonable control of the Company’s management, or (iii) a change in accounting
standards required by generally accepted accounting principles.
(c
)
Performance
Period; Timing For Establishing Performance Goals
.
Achievement
of performance goals in respect of such Performance Awards shall be measured
over a Performance Period no shorter than 12 months and no longer than five
years, as specified by the Committee. Performance goals shall be established
not
later than 90 days after the beginning of any Performance Period applicable
to
such Performance Awards, or at such other date as may be required or permitted
for “performance-based compensation” under Code Section 162(m).
(d
)
Adjustments
.
The
Committee may, in its discretion, reduce the amount of a settlement otherwise
to
be made in connection with Awards subject to this Section 8, but may not
exercise discretion to increase any such amount payable to a Covered Employee
in
respect of an Award subject to this Section 8. The Committee shall specify
the
circumstances in which such Awards shall be paid or forfeited in the event
of
termination of Continuous Service by the Participant prior to the end of a
Performance Period or settlement of Awards.
9
.
Change
in Control
.
(a
)
Effect
of “Change in Control.”
Subject
to Section 9(a)(iv), and if and only to the extent provided in the Award
Agreement, or to the extent otherwise determined by the Committee, upon the
occurrence of a “Change in Control,” as defined in Section 9(b):
(i
)
Any
Option or Stock Appreciation Right that was not previously vested and
exercisable as of the time of the Change in Control, shall become immediately
vested and exercisable, subject to applicable restrictions set forth in Section
10(a) hereof.
(ii
)
Any
restrictions, deferral of settlement, and forfeiture conditions applicable
to a
Restricted Stock Award, Deferred Stock Award or an Other Stock-Based Award
subject only to future service requirements granted under the Plan shall lapse
and such Awards shall be deemed fully vested as of the time of the Change in
Control, except to the extent of any waiver by the Participant and subject
to
applicable restrictions set forth in Section 10(a) hereof.
(iii
)
With
respect to any outstanding Award subject to achievement of performance goals
and
conditions under the Plan, the Committee may, in its discretion, deem such
performance goals and conditions as having been met as of the date of the Change
in Control.
(iv
)
Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if in the event of a Change in Control the successor company
assumes or substitutes for an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted
Stock
Award, Deferred Stock Award or Other Stock-Based Award, then each outstanding
Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Deferred Stock Award
or Other Stock-Based Award shall not be accelerated as described in Sections
9(a)(i), (ii) and (iii). For the purposes of this Section 9(a)(iv), an Option,
Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Deferred Stock Award or Other
Stock-Based Award shall be considered assumed or substituted for if following
the Change in Control the award confers the right to purchase or receive, for
each Share subject to the Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock
Award, Deferred Stock Award or Other Stock-Based Award immediately prior to
the
Change in Control, the consideration (whether
stock,
cash or
other securities or property) received in the transaction constituting a Change
in Control by holders of Shares for each Share held on the effective date of
such transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the
type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares); provided, however, that if such consideration received in the
transaction constituting a Change in Control is not solely common stock of
the
successor company or its parent or subsidiary, the Committee may, with the
consent of the successor company or its parent or subsidiary, provide that
the
consideration to be received upon the exercise or vesting of an Option, Stock
Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Deferred Stock Award or Other
Stock-Based Award, for each Share subject thereto, will be solely common stock
of the successor company or its parent of subsidiary substantially equal in
fair
market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Shares in
the
transaction constituting a Change in Control. The determination of such
substantial equality of value of consideration shall be made by the Committee
in
its sole discretion and its determination shall be conclusive and binding.
Notwithstanding
the foregoing, on such terms and conditions as may be set forth in an Award
Agreement, in the event of a termination of a Participant’s employment in such
successor company (other than for Cause) within 24 months following such Change
in Control, each Award held by such Participant at the time of the Change in
Control shall be accelerated as described in Sections 9(a)(i), (ii) and (iii)
above.
(b)
Definition
of “Change in Control”
.
Unless
otherwise specified in an Award Agreement, a “Change in Control” shall mean the
occurrence of any of the following:
(i)
The
acquisition by any Person of Beneficial Ownership (within the meaning of Rule
13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of more than fifty percent (50%)
of
either (A) the then outstanding shares of common stock of the Company (the
“Outstanding Company Common Stock”) or (B) the combined voting power of the then
outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally in
the
election of directors (the “Outstanding Company Voting Securities) (the
foregoing Beneficial Ownership hereinafter being referred to as a "Controlling
Interest"); provided, however, that for purposes of this Section 9(b), the
following acquisitions shall not constitute or result in a Change of Control:
(v) any acquisition directly from the Company; (w) any acquisition by the
Company; (x) any acquisition by any Person that as of the Effective Date owns
Beneficial Ownership of a Controlling Interest; (y) any acquisition by any
employee benefit plan (or related trust) sponsored or maintained by the Company
or any Subsidiary; or (z) any acquisition by any corporation pursuant to a
transaction which complies with clauses (A), (B) and (C) of subsection (iii)
below; or
(ii)
During
any period of two (2) consecutive years (not including any period prior to
the
Effective Date) individuals who constitute the Board on the Effective Date
(the
“Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the
Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent
to
the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’s
shareholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors
then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such
individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this
purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a
result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election
or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies
or
consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board; or
(iii)
Consummation
of a reorganization, merger, statutory share exchange or consolidation or
similar corporate transaction involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the
Company, or the acquisition of assets or stock of another entity by the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries (each a “Business Combination”), in each case,
unless, following such Business Combination, (A) all or substantially all of
the
individuals and entities who were the Beneficial Owners, respectively, of the
Outstanding Company Common Stock and Outstanding Company Voting Securities
immediately prior to such Business Combination beneficially own, directly or
indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of the then outstanding shares of
common stock and the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting
securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, as the
case
may be, of the corporation resulting from such Business Combination (including,
without limitation, a corporation which as a result of such transaction owns
the
Company or all or substantially all of the Company’s assets either directly or
through one or more subsidiaries) in substantially the same proportions as
their
ownership, immediately prior to such Business Combination of the Outstanding
Company Common Stock and Outstanding Company Voting Securities, as the case
may
be, (B) no Person (excluding any employee benefit plan (or related trust) of
the
Company or such corporation resulting from such Business Combination or any
Person that as of the Effective Date owns Beneficial Ownership of a Controlling
Interest) beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or
more
of the then outstanding shares of common stock of the corporation resulting
from
such Business Combination or the combined voting power of the then outstanding
voting securities of such corporation except to the extent that such ownership
existed prior to the Business Combination and (C) at least a majority of the
members of the Board of Directors of the corporation resulting from such
Business Combination were members of the Incumbent Board at the time of the
execution of the initial agreement, or of the action of the Board, providing
for
such Business Combination; or
(iv)
Approval
by the shareholders of the Company of a complete liquidation or dissolution
of
the Company.
10.
General
Provisions.
(a)
Compliance
With Legal and Other Requirements
.
The
Company may, to the extent deemed necessary or advisable by the Committee,
postpone the issuance or delivery of Shares or payment of other benefits under
any Award until completion of such registration or qualification of such Shares
or other required action under any federal or state law, rule or regulation,
listing or other required action with respect to any stock exchange or automated
quotation system upon which the Shares or other Company securities are listed
or
quoted, or compliance with any other obligation of the Company, as the
Committee, may consider appropriate, and may require any Participant to make
such representations, furnish such information and comply with or be subject
to
such other conditions as it may consider appropriate in connection with the
issuance or delivery of Shares or payment of other benefits in compliance with
applicable laws, rules, and regulations, listing requirements, or other
obligations.
(b)
Limits
on Transferability; Beneficiaries
.
No
Award or other right or interest granted under the Plan shall be pledged,
hypothecated or otherwise encumbered or subject to any lien, obligation or
liability of such Participant to any party, or assigned or transferred by such
Participant otherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution
or to
a Beneficiary upon the death of a Participant, and such Awards or rights that
may be exercisable shall be exercised during the lifetime of the Participant
only by the Participant or his or her guardian or legal representative, except
that Awards and other rights (other than Incentive Stock Options and Stock
Appreciation Rights in tandem therewith) may be transferred to one or more
Beneficiaries or other transferees during the lifetime of the Participant,
and
may be exercised by such transferees in accordance with the terms of such Award,
but only if and to the extent such transfers are permitted by the Committee
pursuant to the express terms of an Award Agreement (subject to any terms and
conditions which the Committee may impose thereon). A Beneficiary, transferee,
or other person claiming any rights under the Plan from or through any
Participant shall be subject to all terms and conditions of the Plan and any
Award Agreement applicable to such Participant, except as otherwise determined
by the Committee, and to any additional terms and conditions deemed necessary
or
appropriate by the Committee.
(c)
Adjustments
.
(i)
Adjustments
to Awards.
In
the
event that any extraordinary dividend or other distribution (whether in the
form
of cash, Shares, or other property), recapitalization, forward or reverse split,
reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase, share
exchange, liquidation, dissolution or other similar corporate transaction or
event affects the Shares and/or such other securities of the Company or any
other issuer such that a substitution, exchange, or adjustment is determined
by
the Committee to be appropriate, then the Committee shall, in such manner as
it
may deem equitable, substitute, exchange or adjust any or all of (A) the
number and kind of Shares which may be delivered in connection with Awards
granted thereafter, (B) the number and kind of Shares by which annual
per-person Award limitations are measured under Section 5 hereof, (C) the
number and kind of Shares subject to or deliverable in respect of outstanding
Awards, (D) the exercise price, grant price or purchase price relating to
any Award and/or make provision for payment of cash or other property in respect
of any outstanding Award, and (E) any other aspect of any Award that the
Committee determines to be appropriate.
(ii)
Adjustments
in Case of Certain Corporate Transactions.
In the
event of any merger, consolidation or other reorganization in which the Company
does not survive, or in the event of any Change in Control, any outstanding
Awards may be dealt with in accordance with any of the following approaches,
as
determined by the agreement effectuating the transaction or, if and to the
extent not so determined, as determined by the Committee: (a) the continuation
of the outstanding Awards by the Company, if the Company is a surviving
corporation, (b) the assumption or substitution for, as those terms are defined
in Section 9(b)(iv) hereof, the outstanding Awards by the surviving corporation
or its parent or subsidiary, (c) full exercisability or vesting and accelerated
expiration of the outstanding Awards, or (d) settlement of the value of the
outstanding Awards in cash or cash equivalents or other property followed by
cancellation of such Awards (which value, in the case of Options or Stock
Appreciation Rights, may in the discretion of the Committee be measured by
the
amount, if any, by which the Fair Market Value of a Share exceeds the exercise
or grant price of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right as of the effective
date of the transaction). The Committee shall give written notice of any
proposed transaction referred to in this Section 10(c)(ii) a reasonable period
of time prior to the closing date for such transaction (which notice may be
given either before or after the approval of such transaction), in order that
Participants may have a reasonable period of time prior to the closing date
of
such transaction within which to exercise any Awards that are then exercisable
(including any Awards that may become exercisable upon the closing date of
such
transaction). A Participant may condition his exercise of any Awards upon the
consummation of the transaction.
(iii)
Other
Adjustments.
The
Committee (and the Board if and only to the extent such authority is not
required to be exercised by the Committee to comply with Section 162(m) of
the
Code) is authorized to make adjustments in the terms and conditions of, and
the
criteria included in, Awards (including Performance Awards, or performance
goals
relating thereto) in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events (including,
without limitation, acquisitions and dispositions of businesses and assets)
affecting the Company, any Related Entity or any business unit, or the financial
statements of the Company or any Related Entity, or in response to changes
in
applicable laws, regulations, accounting principles, tax rates and regulations
or business conditions or in view of the Committee's assessment of the business
strategy of the Company, any Related Entity or business unit thereof,
performance of comparable organizations, economic and business conditions,
personal performance of a Participant, and any other circumstances deemed
relevant.
(d)
Taxes
.
The
Company and any Related Entity are authorized to withhold from any Award
granted, any payment relating to an Award under the Plan, including from a
distribution of Shares, or any payroll or other payment to a Participant,
amounts of withholding and other taxes due or potentially payable in connection
with any transaction involving an Award, and to take such other action as the
Committee may deem advisable to enable the Company or any Related Entity and
Participants to satisfy obligations for the payment of withholding taxes and
other tax obligations relating to any Award. This authority shall include
authority to withhold or receive Shares or other property and to make cash
payments in respect thereof in satisfaction of a Participant's tax obligations,
either on a mandatory or elective basis in the discretion of the
Committee.
(e)
Changes
to the Plan and Awards
.
The
Board may amend, alter, suspend, discontinue or terminate the Plan, or the
Committee's authority to grant Awards under the Plan, without the consent of
shareholders or Participants, except that any amendment or alteration to the
Plan shall be subject to the approval of the Company's shareholders not later
than the annual meeting next following such Board action if such shareholder
approval is required by any federal or state law or regulation (including,
without limitation, Rule 16b-3 or Code Section 162(m)) or the rules of any
stock
exchange or automated quotation system on which the Shares may then be listed
or
quoted, and the Board may otherwise, in its discretion, determine to submit
other such changes to the Plan to shareholders for approval; provided that,
without the consent of an affected Participant, no such Board action may
materially and adversely affect the rights of such Participant under any
previously granted and outstanding Award. The Committee may waive any conditions
or rights under, or amend, alter, suspend, discontinue or terminate any Award
theretofore granted and any Award Agreement relating thereto, except as
otherwise provided in the Plan; provided that, without the consent of an
affected Participant, no such Committee or the Board action may materially
and
adversely affect the rights of such Participant under such Award.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Committee shall be authorized
to
amend any outstanding Option and/or Stock Appreciation Right to reduce the
exercise price or grant price without the prior approval of the shareholders
of
the Company. In addition, the Committee shall be authorized to cancel
outstanding Options and/or Stock Appreciate Rights replaced with Awards having
a
lower exercise price without the prior approval of the shareholders of the
Company.
(f)
Limitation
on Rights Conferred Under Plan
.
Neither
the Plan nor any action taken hereunder shall be construed as (i) giving
any Eligible Person or Participant the right to continue as an Eligible Person
or Participant or in the employ or service of the Company or a Related Entity;
(ii) interfering in any way with the right of the Company or a Related
Entity to terminate any Eligible Person's or Participant's Continuous Service
at
any time, (iii) giving an Eligible Person or Participant any claim to be
granted any Award under the Plan or to be treated uniformly with other
Participants and Employees, or (iv) conferring on a Participant any of the
rights of a shareholder of the Company unless and until the Participant is
duly
issued or transferred Shares in accordance with the terms of an
Award.
(g)
Unfunded
Status of Awards; Creation of Trusts
.
The
Plan is intended to constitute an “unfunded” plan for incentive and deferred
compensation. With respect to any payments not yet made to a Participant or
obligation to deliver Shares pursuant to an Award, nothing contained in the
Plan
or any Award shall give any such Participant any rights that are greater than
those of a general creditor of the Company; provided that the Committee may
authorize the creation of trusts and deposit therein cash, Shares, other Awards
or other property, or make other arrangements to meet the Company's obligations
under the Plan. Such trusts or other arrangements shall be consistent with
the
“unfunded” status of the Plan unless the Committee otherwise determines with the
consent of each affected Participant. The trustee of such trusts may be
authorized to dispose of trust assets and reinvest the proceeds in alternative
investments, subject to such terms and conditions as the Committee may specify
and in accordance with applicable law.
(h)
Nonexclusivity
of the Plan
.
Neither
the adoption of the Plan by the Board nor its submission to the shareholders
of
the Company for approval shall be construed as creating any limitations on
the
power of the Board or a committee thereof to adopt such other incentive
arrangements as it may deem desirable including incentive arrangements and
awards which do not qualify under Section 162(m) of the Code.
(i)
Payments
in the Event of Forfeitures; Fractional Shares
.
Unless
otherwise determined by the Committee, in the event of a forfeiture of an Award
with respect to which a Participant paid cash or other consideration, the
Participant shall be repaid the amount of such cash or other consideration.
No
fractional Shares shall be issued or delivered pursuant to the Plan or any
Award. The Committee shall determine whether cash, other Awards or other
property shall be issued or paid in lieu of such fractional shares or whether
such fractional shares or any rights thereto shall be forfeited or otherwise
eliminated.
(j)
Governing
Law
.
The
validity, construction and effect of the Plan, any rules and regulations under
the Plan, and any Award Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the
laws of the State of Georgia without giving effect to principles of conflict
of
laws, and applicable federal law.
(k
)
Non-U.S.
Laws
.
The
Committee shall have the authority to adopt such modifications, procedures,
and
subplans as may be necessary or desirable to comply with provisions of the
laws
of foreign countries in which the Company or its Subsidiaries may operate to
assure the viability of the benefits from Awards granted to Participants
performing services in such countries and to meet the objectives of the Plan.
(l)
Plan
Effective Date; Termination of Plan
.
The
Plan shall become effective on the Effective Date. The Plan shall terminate
at
the earliest of (a) such time as no Shares remain available for issuance under
the Plan, (b) termination of this Plan by the Board, or (c) the tenth
anniversary of the Effective Date. Awards outstanding upon expiration of the
Plan shall remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated, or
have expired.
FORM
OF
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
NON-QUALIFIED
STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
FOR
Agreement
1.
Grant
of Option
.
Vystar
Corporation (the “Company”) hereby grants, as of ______________, 200___ (“Date
of Grant”), to _____________________________________
(the
“Optionee”) an option (the “Option”) to purchase up to ___________________
shares of the Company’s Common Stock, having no par value per share (the
“Shares”), at an exercise price per share equal to $__________ (the “Exercise
Price”). The Option shall be subject to the terms and conditions set forth
herein. The Option was issued pursuant to the Company’s 2004 Long Term Incentive
Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), which is incorporated herein for all purposes.
The Option is a Non-Qualified Stock Option, and not an Incentive Stock Option.
The Optionee hereby acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan and agrees to
be
bound by all of the terms and conditions hereof and thereof and all applicable
laws and regulations.
2.
Definitions
.
Unless
otherwise provided herein, terms used herein that are defined in the Plan and
not defined herein shall have the meanings attributed thereto in the
Plan.
3.
Exercise
Schedule
.
Except
as otherwise provided in Sections 6 or 10 of this Agreement, or in the Plan,
the
Option is exercisable in installments as provided below, which shall be
cumulative. To the extent that the Option has become exercisable with respect
to
a percentage of Shares as provided below, the Option may thereafter be exercised
by the Optionee, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time prior
to
the expiration of the Option as provided herein. The following table indicates
each date (the “Vesting Date”) upon which the Optionee shall be entitled to
exercise the Option with respect to the percentage of Shares granted as
indicated beside the date, provided that the Continuous Service of the Optionee
continues through and on the applicable Vesting Date:
Percentage
of Shares
|
|
Vesting
Date
|
Except
as
otherwise specifically provided herein, there shall be no proportionate or
partial vesting in the periods prior to each Vesting Date, and all vesting
shall
occur only on the appropriate Vesting Date. Upon the termination of the
Optionee’s Continuous Service with the Company and its Related Entities, any
unvested portion of the Option shall terminate and be null and
void.
4.
Method
of Exercise
.
The
vested portion of this Option shall be exercisable in whole or in part in
accordance with the exercise schedule set forth in Section 3 hereof by written
notice which shall state the election to exercise the Option, the number of
Shares in respect of which the Option is being exercised, and such other
representations and agreements as to the holder’s investment intent with respect
to such Shares as may be required by the Company pursuant to the provisions
of
the Plan. Such written notice shall be signed by the Optionee and shall be
delivered in person or by certified mail to the Secretary of the Company. The
written notice shall be accompanied by payment of the Exercise Price. This
Option shall be deemed to be exercised after both (a) receipt by the Company
of
such written notice accompanied by the Exercise Price and (b) arrangements
that
are satisfactory to the Committee in its sole discretion have been made for
Optionee’s payment to the Company of the amount, if any, that is necessary to be
withheld in accordance with applicable Federal or state withholding
requirements. No Shares will be issued pursuant to the Option unless and until
such issuance and such exercise shall comply with all relevant provisions of
applicable law, including the requirements of any stock exchange upon which
the
Shares then may be traded.
5.
Method
of Payment
.
Payment
of the Exercise Price shall be by any of the following, or a combination
thereof, at the election of the Optionee: (a) cash; (b) check; (c) with Shares
that have been held by the Optionee for at least 6 months (or such other Shares
as the Company determines will not cause the Company to recognize for financial
accounting purposes a charge for compensation expense), or (d) such other
consideration or in such other manner as may be determined by the Committee
in
its absolute discretion.
(a)
Any
unexercised portion of the Option shall automatically and without notice
terminate and become null and void at the time of the earliest to occur of
the
following:
(i)
unless
the Committee otherwise determines in writing in its sole discretion, three
months after the date on which the Optionee’s Continuous Service with the
Company and its Related Entities is terminated for any reason other than by
reason of (A) by the Company or a Related Entity for Cause, (B) a Disability
of
the Optionee as determined by a medical doctor satisfactory to the Committee,
or
(C) the Optionee's death;
(ii)
immediately
upon the termination of the Optionee’s Continuous Service with the Company and
its Related Entities for Cause;
(iii)
twelve
months after the date on which the Optionee’s Continuous Service with the
Company and its Related Entities is terminated by reason of a Disability as
determined by a medical doctor satisfactory to the Committee;
(iv)
twelve
months after the date of termination of the Optionee’s Continuous Service with
the Company and its Related Entities by reason of the death of the Optionee
(or,
if later, three months after the date on which the Optionee shall die if such
death shall occur during the one year period specified in paragraph (iii) of
this Section 6);
(v)
the
tenth
anniversary of the date as of which the Option is granted; or
(vi)
immediately
in the event that the Optionee shall file any lawsuit or arbitration claim
against the Company or any Subsidiary, or any of their respective officers,
directors or shareholders.
(b)
To
the
extent not previously exercised, (i) the Option shall terminate immediately
in
the event of (1) the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, or (2) any
reorganization, merger, consolidation or other form of corporate transaction
in
which the Company does not survive or the Shares are converted into or exchanged
for securities issued by another entity, or an affiliate of such successor
or
acquiring entity, unless the successor or acquiring entity, or an affiliate
of
such successor or acquiring entity, assumes the Option or substitutes an
equivalent option or right pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Plan, and (ii)
the
Committee in its sole discretion may by written notice (“cancellation notice”)
cancel, effective upon the consummation of any corporate transaction described
in Subsection 9(b)(i)
]
of
the
Plan in which the Company does survive, the Option (or portion thereof) that
remains unexercised on such date. The Committee shall give written notice of
any
proposed transaction referred to in this Section 6(b) a reasonable period of
time prior to the closing date for such transaction (which notice may be given
either before or after approval of such transaction), in order that the Optionee
may have a reasonable period of time prior to the closing date of such
transaction within which to exercise the Option if and to the extent that it
then is exercisable (including any portion of the Option that may become
exercisable upon the closing date of such transaction). The Optionee may
condition his exercise of the Option upon the consummation of a transaction
referred to in this Section 6(b).
(c)
The
Company in its sole discretion may at any time during the Restricted Period,
as
defined in Section 7(a) hereof, by giving written notice to the Optionee, cancel
the Option and instead pay to the Optionee, or his estate if the Optionee is
deceased, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the fair market value,
determined by the Committee as of any date determined by the Committee that
is
not more than one year prior to the date of the cancellation, of the Shares
with
respect to which the Option otherwise would have been exercisable, over (ii)
the
Exercise Price for such shares. Any determination of fair market value made
by
the Committee shall be binding and conclusive on all parties unless shown to
have been made in an arbitrary and capricious manner. The purchase price shall,
at the option of the Company, be payable in cash or in the form of the Company’s
promissory note payable in up to three equal annual installments commencing
12
months after the acquisition by the Company (the “Acquisition Date’) of the
Shares, together with interest on the unpaid balance thereof at the rate equal
to the prime rate of interest as quoted in the Wall Street Journal for the
Acquisition Date.
7.
Restrictions
While Stock is Not Registered.
(a)
Restricted
Shares
.
Any
shares of Stock acquired upon exercise of the Option specified in Section 1
and
(i) all shares of the Company’s capital stock received as a dividend or other
distribution upon such shares, and (ii) all shares of capital stock or other
securities of the Company into which such shares may be changed or for which
such shares shall be exchanged, whether through reorganization,
recapitalization, stock split-ups or the like, shall be subject to the
provisions of this Section 7 at all times, and only at those times, that shares
of the Company’s Common Stock are not registered under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (such times during which the Stock is not so registered
sometimes hereinafter being referred to as the “Restricted Period”) and are
during the Restricted Period hereinafter referred to as “Restricted Shares.”
(b)
No
Sale or Pledge of Restricted Shares
.
Except
as otherwise provided herein, the Optionee agrees and covenants that during
the
Restricted Period he or she will not sell, pledge, encumber or otherwise
transfer or dispose of, and will not permit to be sold, encumbered, attached
or
otherwise disposed of or transferred in any manner, either voluntarily or by
operation of law (all hereinafter collectively referred to as “transfers”), all
or any portion of the Restricted Shares or any interest therein except in
accordance with and subject to the terms of this Section 7.
(c)
Voluntary
Transfer Repurchase Option
.
If the
Optionee desires to effect a voluntary transfer of any of the Restricted Shares
during the Restricted Period, the Optionee shall first give written notice
to
the Company of such intent to transfer (the “Offer Notice”) specifying (i) the
number of the Restricted Shares (the “Offered Shares”) and the date of the
proposed transfer (which shall not be less than fifty (50) days after the giving
of the Offer Notice), (ii) the name, address, and principal business of the
proposed transferee (the “Transferee”), and (iii) the price and other terms and
conditions of the proposed transfer of the Offered Shares to the Transferee.
The
Offer Notice by the Optionee shall constitute an offer to sell all, but not
less
than all, of the Offered Shares, at the price and on the terms specified in
such
Offer Notice, to the Company and/or its designated purchaser. If the Company
desires to accept the Optionee’s offer to sell, either for itself or on behalf
of its designated purchaser, the Company shall signify such acceptance by
written notice to Optionee within fifty (50) days following the giving of the
Option Notice. Failing such acceptance, the Optionee’s offer shall lapse on the
fifty-first day following the giving of the Option Notice. With such written
acceptance, the Company shall designate a day not later than ten days following
the date of giving its notice of acceptance on which the Company or its
designated purchaser shall deliver the purchase price of the Offered Shares
(in
the same form as provided in the Offer Notice) and the Optionee shall deliver
to
the Company or its designated Purchaser, as applicable, all certificates
evidencing the Offered Shares endorsed in blank for transfer or with separate
stock powers endorsed in blank for transfer. The Company may in its sole and
absolute discretion, notify the Optionee within fifty-one days following the
giving of the Option Notice that it does not permit the transfer of the Offered
Shares to the Transferee pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in
the
Option Notice in which event any such transfer or attempted transfer by the
Optionee to the Transferee shall be null and void. Upon the lapse without
acceptance by the Company of the Optionee’s offer to sell the Offered Shares,
and unless the Company shall provide written notice to the Optionee within
fifty-one days following the giving of the Option Notice that it will not permit
the transfer of the Offered Shares to the Transferee pursuant to the terms
and
conditions set forth in the Option Notice, the Optionee shall be free to
transfer the Offered Shares not purchased by the Company or the designated
purchaser to the Transferee (and no one else), for a price and on terms and
conditions which are no more favorable to the Transferee than those set forth
in
the Offer Notice, for a period of thirty days thereafter, but after such period
the restrictions of this Section 7 shall again apply to the Restricted Shares.
The Offered Shares so transferred by the Optionee to the Transferee shall
continue to be subject to all of the terms and conditions of this Section 7
(including without limitation paragraph (f) of this Section 7) and the Company
shall have the right to require, as a condition of such transfer, that the
Transferee execute an agreement substantially in the form and content of the
provisions of this Section 7, as well as any voting agreement and/or
shareholders agreement required by the Company.
(d)
Involuntary
Transfer Repurchase Option
.
Whenever, during the Restricted Period, the Optionee has any notice or knowledge
of any attempted, pending, or consummated involuntary transfer or lien or charge
upon any of the Restricted Shares, whether by operation of law or otherwise,
the
Optionee shall give immediate written notice thereof to the Company. Whenever
the Company has any other notice or knowledge of any such attempted, impending,
or consummated involuntary transfer, lien, or charge, it shall give written
notice thereof to the Optionee. In either case, the Optionee agrees to disclose
forthwith to the Company all pertinent information in his possession relating
thereto. If during the Restricted Period any of the Restricted Shares are
subjected to any such involuntary transfer, lien, or charge, the Company and
its
designated purchaser shall at all times have the immediate and continuing option
to purchase such of the Restricted Shares upon notice by the Company to the
Optionee or other record holder at a price and on terms determined according
to
Section 7(g) below, and any of the Restricted Shares so purchased by the Company
or its designated purchaser shall in every case be free and clear of such
transfer, lien, or charge.
(e)
Excepted
Transfers
.
The
provisions of Sections 7(b) and (c) shall not apply to transfers by the Optionee
to his or her spouse, lineal descendants or trustee of trusts for their benefit,
provided, however, that during the Restricted Period the Optionee shall continue
to be subject to all of the terms and provisions of this Section 7 with respect
to any remaining present or future interest whatsoever he or she may have in
the
transferred Restricted Shares, and, further provided that during the Restricted
Period any shares transferred pursuant to this subsection (e) shall continue
to
be treated as Restricted Shares and the transferee of any such Restricted Shares
shall likewise be subject to all such terms and conditions of this Section
7 as
though such transferee were a party hereto.
(f)
Repurchase
Option After Termination of Continuous Service
.
Anything set forth in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Company shall have the right (but not the obligation) to purchase or designate
a
purchaser of all, but not less than all, of the Restricted Shares (including,
without limitation, any Restricted Shares transferred pursuant to Section 7(e))
during the Restricted Period and after termination of the Optionee’s Continuous
Service for any reason, for the purchase price and on terms specified in Section
7(g) hereof. The Company may exercise its right to purchase or designate a
purchaser of the Restricted Shares at any time (without any time limitation)
after the Optionee’s termination of Continuous Service and during the Restricted
Period. If the Company chooses to exercise its right to purchase the Restricted
Shares hereunder, the Company shall give its notice of its exercise of this
right to the Optionee or his or her legal representative specifying in such
notice a date not later than ten (10) days following the date of giving such
notice on which the Company or its designated purchaser shall deliver, or be
prepared to deliver, the check or promissory note for the purchase price and
the
Optionee or his or her legal representative shall deliver all stock certificates
evidencing such Restricted Shares duly endorsed in blank for transfer or with
separate stock powers endorsed in blank for transfer.
(g)
Repurchase
Price
.
For
purposes of Sections 7(d) and (f) hereof, the per share purchase price of
Restricted Shares shall be an amount equal to the fair market value of such
share, determined by the Committee as of any date determined by the Committee
that is not more than one year prior to the date of the event giving rise to
the
Company’s right to purchase such Restricted Shares. [Notwithstanding the
foregoing, if the event that gives rise to the Company’s right to repurchase the
Restricted Shares is the termination of Optionee’s Continuous Service by the
Company or a Related Entity for Cause, the per share purchase price of the
Restricted Shares shall be an amount equal to the lesser of (1) the fair market
value of such share (as determined in accordance with the previous sentence),
and (2) the original purchase price per share the Optionee paid for such
Restricted Shares.] Any determination of fair market value made by the Committee
shall be binding and conclusive on all parties unless shown to have been made
in
an arbitrary and capricious manner. The purchase price shall, at the option
of
the Company, be payable in cash or in the form of the Company’s promissory note
payable in up to three equal annual installments commencing 12 months after
the
acquisition by the Company (the “Restricted Share Acquisition Date”) of the
Restricted Shares, together with interest on the unpaid balance thereof at
the
rate equal to the prime rate of interest as quoted in the [Wall Street Journal]
on the Restricted Share Acquisition Date.
[(h)
Voting
Rights
.
As a
condition to the Optionee’s exercise of any Option pursuant to this Agreement,
the Company may in its discretion require that the Optionee enter into a voting
agreement that grants the Company the voting rights for all shares of Stock
acquired pursuant to the exercise of such Options, until the earlier of (i)
10
years from the date of exercise of the Option, or (ii) the end of the Restricted
Period, such voting agreement to be in such form as the Company reasonably
may
request.]
(i)
Legends
.
The
certificate or certificates representing any Restricted Shares acquired pursuant
to the exercise of this Option prior to the last day of the Restricted Period
shall bear the following legends (as well as any legends required by applicable
state and federal corporate and securities laws):
THE
SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT
OF 1933 (THE “ACT”) AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED,
PLEDGED OR HYPOTHECATED UNLESS AND UNTIL REGISTERED UNDER THE ACT OR, IN THE
OPINION OF COUNSEL IN FORM AND SUBSTANCE SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER OF THESE
SECURITIES, SUCH OFFER, SALE OR TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR HYPOTHECATION IS IN
COMPLIANCE THEREWITH.
THE
SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS
ON
TRANSFER AND RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL AND REPURCHASE OPTIONS HELD BY THE ISSUER
OR
ITS ASSIGNEE(S) AS SET FORTH IN A NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE ISSUER AND THE ORIGINAL HOLDER OF THESE SHARES, A COPY OF WHICH MAY BE
OBTAINED AT THE PRINCIPAL OFFICE OF THE ISSUER. SUCH TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS,
RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL AND REPURCHASE RIGHTS ARE BINDING ON TRANSFEREES OF
THESE
SHARES.
]
8.
Transferability
.
Unless
otherwise determined by the Committee, the Option granted hereby is not
transferable otherwise than by will or under the applicable laws of descent
and
distribution, and during the lifetime of the Optionee the Option shall be
exercisable only by the Optionee, or the Optionee’s guardian or legal
representative. In addition, the Option shall not be assigned, negotiated,
pledged or hypothecated in any way (whether by operation of law or otherwise),
and the Option shall not be subject to execution, attachment or similar process.
Upon any attempt to transfer, assign, negotiate, pledge or hypothecate the
Option, or in the event of any levy upon the Option by reason of any execution,
attachment or similar process contrary to the provisions hereof, the Option
shall immediately become null and void. The terms of this Option shall be
binding upon the executors, administrators, heirs, successors and assigns of
the
Optionee. The terms of this Option shall be binding upon the executors,
administrators, heirs, successors and permitted assigns of the
Optionee.
9.
No
Rights of Stockholders
.
Neither
the Optionee nor any personal representative (or beneficiary) shall be, or
shall
have any of the rights and privileges of, a stockholder of the Company with
respect to any shares of Stock purchasable or issuable upon the exercise of
the
Option, in whole or in part, prior to the date of exercise of the
Option.
10.
Acceleration
of Exercisability of Option
.
(a)
This
Option shall become immediately fully exercisable in the event that, prior
to
the termination of the Option pursuant to Section 6 hereof, (i) the Company
exercises its discretion to provide a cancellation notice with respect to the
Option pursuant to Section 6(b)(ii) hereof, or (ii) the Option is terminated
pursuant to Section 6(b)(i) hereof.
(b)
This
Option [shall] [shall not] become immediately fully exercisable in the event
that, prior to the termination of the Option pursuant to Section 6 hereof,
and
during the Optionee's Continuous Service, there is a “Change in Control”, as
defined in Section 9(b) of the Plan.
11.
No
Right to Continued Employment
.
Neither
the Option nor this Agreement shall confer upon the Optionee any right to
continued employment or service with the Company.
12.
Law
Governing
.
This
Agreement shall be governed in accordance with and governed by the internal
laws
of the State of Georgia.
13.
Interpretation
/ Provisions of Plan Control
.
This
Agreement is subject to all the terms, conditions and provisions of the Plan,
including, without limitation, the amendment provisions thereof, and to such
rules, regulations and interpretations relating to the Plan adopted by the
Committee as may be in effect from time to time. If and to the extent that
this
Agreement conflicts or is inconsistent with the terms, conditions and provisions
of the Plan, the Plan shall control, and this Agreement shall be deemed to
be
modified accordingly. The Optionee accepts the Option subject to all the terms
and provisions of the Plan and this Agreement. The undersigned Optionee hereby
accepts as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of
the
Committee upon any questions arising under the Plan and this Agreement, unless
shown to have been made in an arbitrary and capricious manner.
14.
Notices
.
Any
notice under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have
been
duly given when delivered personally or when deposited in the United States
mail, registered, postage prepaid, and addressed, in the case of the Company,
to
the Company’s Secretary at 4619 Steeplechase Lane, Flowery Branch, GA 30542, or
if the Company should move its principal office, to such principal office,
and,
in the case of the Optionee, to the Optionee’s last permanent address as shown
on the Company’s records, subject to the right of either party to designate some
other address at any time hereafter in a notice satisfying the requirements
of
this Section.
15.
Market
Stand-Off Agreement
.
In the
event of an initial public offering of the Company’s securities and upon request
of the Company or the underwriters managing any underwritten offering of the
Company’s securities, the Optionee agrees not to sell, make any short sale of,
loan, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise dispose of any Shares
(other than those included in the registration) acquired pursuant to the
exercise of the Option, without the prior written consent of the Company or
such
underwriters, as the case may be, for such period of time (not to exceed 180
days) from the effective date of such registration as may be requested by the
Company or such managing underwriters.
16.
Optionee’s
Representations
.
In the
event that the Company’s issuance of the Shares purchasable pursuant to the
exercise of this Option has not been registered under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, at the time this Option is exercised, the Optionee shall,
if
required by the Company, concurrently with the exercise of all or any portion
of
this Option, deliver to the Company his or her Investment Representation
Statement in the form attached to this Agreement as Exhibit A or in such other
form as the Company may request.
17.
Tax
Consequences
.
Set
forth below is a brief summary as of the date of this Option Agreement of some
of the federal tax consequences of exercise of this Option and disposition
of
the Shares. THIS SUMMARY IS NECESSARILY INCOMPLETE, AND THE TAX LAWS AND
REGULATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. THE OPTIONEE SHOULD CONSULT A TAX ADVISER
BEFORE EXERCISING THIS OPTION OR DISPOSING OF THE SHARES.
(a)
The
Optionee will not recognize any income on receipt of the Option.
(b)
The
Optionee will recognize ordinary income at the time he exercises the Option
equal to the amount by which the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date
of
exercise exceeds the Exercise Price paid for the Shares. The amount so
recognized is subject to income tax withholding and employment taxes if the
Optionee is an employee of the Company or a Related Entity.
(c)
The
Optionee’s tax basis for the Shares received as a result of the exercise of the
Option will be equal to the Fair Market Value of those Shares on the date the
Option is exercised.
(d)
Upon
the
sale of the Shares, the Optionee will recognize a capital gain or loss on the
difference between the amount realized from the sale of the Shares and the
Fair
Market Value on the date the Option is exercised. The gain or loss would be
short- or long-term depending upon whether the Shares were held for at least
one
year after the date of exercise of the Option.
The
foregoing discussion assumes that, and only is applicable if, the fair market
value of the Shares as of the date on which the Option is granted is not
significantly less than the Exercise Price. The Company believes that it has
made a good faith effort to determine the fair market value of the Shares and
does not believe that the Exercise Price is significantly less than the fair
market value of the Shares on the Date of Grant. No assurances can be given,
however, that the Internal Revenue Service would not take a contrary position.
It is possible that if the fair market value is determined to be significantly
greater than the Exercise Price, the Internal Revenue Service may take the
position that the Option is not in effect a stock option but should be treated
as restricted stock for tax purposes. The Optionee should consult with his
or
her own tax advisors as to whether any action should be taken to minimize these
risks.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Agreement as of the ____
day
of ______________, ______.
|
COMPANY:
|
|
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
|
|
|
By:
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
|
The
Optionee acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan and represents that he
or
she has reviewed the provisions of the Plan and this Option Agreement in their
entirety, is familiar with and understands their terms and provisions, and
hereby accepts this Option subject to all of the terms and provisions of the
Plan and the Option Agreement. The Optionee further represents that he or she
has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this
Option Agreement.
EXHIBIT
A
INVESTMENT
REPRESENTATION STATEMENT
PURCHASER
|
:
|
|
|
|
|
COMPANY
|
:
|
VYSTAR CORPORATION
|
|
|
|
SECURITY
|
:
|
COMMON STOCK
|
|
|
|
AMOUNT
|
:
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
:
|
|
In
connection with the purchase of the above-listed Securities, I, the Purchaser,
represent to the Company the following:
(a)
I
am
aware of the Company’s business affairs and financial condition, and have
acquired sufficient information about the Company to reach an informed and
knowledgeable decision to acquire the Securities. I am purchasing these
Securities for my own account for investment purposes only and not with a view
to, or for the resale in connection with, any "distribution" thereof for
purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities
Act").
(b)
I
understand that the Company’s issuance of the Securities has not been registered
under the Securities Act in reliance upon a specific exemption therefrom, which
exemption depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of my
investment intent as expressed herein. In this connection, I understand that,
in
the view of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), the statutory
basis for such exemption may be unavailable if my representation was predicated
solely upon a present intention to hold these Securities for the minimum capital
gains period specified under tax statutes, for a deferred sale, for or until
an
increase or decrease in the market price of the Securities, or for a period
of
one year or any other fixed period in the future.
(c)
I
further
understand that the Securities must be held indefinitely unless the transfer
is
subsequently registered under the Securities Act or unless an exemption from
registration is otherwise available. Moreover, I understand that the Company
is
under no obligation to register any transfer of the Securities. In addition,
I
understand that the certificate evidencing the Securities will be imprinted
with
a legend which prohibits the transfer of the Securities unless registered or
such registration is not required in the opinion of counsel for the
Company.
(d)
I
am
familiar with the provisions of Rule 701 and Rule 144, each promulgated under
the Securities Act, which, in substance, permit limited public resale of
"restricted securities" acquired, directly or indirectly, from the issuer
thereof, in a non-public offering subject to the satisfaction of certain
conditions. Rule 701 provides that if the issuer qualifies under Rule 701 at
the
time of issuance of the Securities, such issuance will be exempt from
registration under the Securities Act. In the event the Company later becomes
subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, ninety (90) days thereafter the securities exempt under
Rule 701 may be resold, subject to the satisfaction of certain of the conditions
specified by Rule 144, including among other things: (1) the sale being made
through a broker in an unsolicited "broker's transaction" or in transactions
directly with a market maker (as said term is defined under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934); and, in the case of an affiliate, (2) the availability
of
certain public information about the Company, and the amount of securities
being
sold during any three month period not exceeding the limitations specified
in
Rule 144(e), if applicable. Notwithstanding this paragraph (d), I acknowledge
and agree to the restrictions set forth in paragraph (e) hereof.
In
the
event that the Company does not qualify under Rule 701 at the time of issuance
of the Securities, then the Securities may be resold in certain limited
circumstances subject to the provisions of Rule 144, which requires among other
things: (1) the availability of certain public information about the Company,
(2) the resale occurring not less
than
one
year
after the party has purchased, and made full payment for, within the meaning
of
Rule 144, the securities to be sold; and, in the case of an affiliate, or of
a
non-affiliate who has held the securities less than two years, (3) the sale
being made through a broker in an unsolicited "broker's transaction" or in
transactions directly with a market maker (as said term is defined under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and the amount of securities being sold during
any three month period not exceeding the specified limitations stated therein,
if applicable.
(e)
I
further
understand that in the event all of the applicable requirements of Rule 144
or
Rule 701 are not satisfied, registration under the Securities Act, compliance
with Regulation A, or some other registration exemption will be required; and
that, notwithstanding the fact that Rule 144 and Rule 701 are not exclusive,
the
Staff of the SEC has expressed its opinion that persons proposing to sell
private placement securities other than in a registered offering and otherwise
than pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 701 will have a substantial burden of proof
in
establishing that an exemption from registration is available for such offers
or
sales, and that such persons and their respective brokers who participate in
such transactions do so at their own risk.
Date:
_____________________
]
EMPLOYMENT
AGREEMENT
THIS
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
(“Agreement”) made and entered into on this 1st day of April, 2008 (the
"Effective Date"), by and between Vystar Corporation, a Georgia corporation
(the
"Company"), and Sandra Parker, a resident of the State of Georgia
("Employee").
In
consideration of the employment by the Company and of the compensation and
other
remuneration paid, and to be paid, by the Company and received by Employee
for
such employment, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt
and
sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged by Employee, it is agreed by and
between the parties hereto as follows:
1.
Definitions.
For
purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings
specified below:
"
Business
"
- the
research, development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, distribution and
offering of products and services related to low-protein natural rubber latex
raw materials and products offered by the Company as of the Effective Date
and
as may be offered by Company during the term of this Agreement
.
“Competitor”
-
means
any
Person (as defined herein) offering products or services in competition with
Company or any of its subsidiaries, specifically any Person offering or involved
in the research, development, manufacturing, marketing, selling and/or
distribution of any low-protein natural rubber latex raw material or
product
.
"
Confidential
Information
"
-
information relating to the operations, customers, or finances of the Company,
or the Business, that derives value from not being generally known to other
Persons, including, but not limited to, technical or nontechnical data,
formulas, patterns, compilations, programs, devices, methods, techniques,
drawings, processes, financial data, and lists of or identifying information
about actual or potential customers or suppliers, including all customer lists,
whether or not reduced to writing, certain patented and unpatented information
relating to the research and development, manufacture or serving of the
Company's products, information concerning proposed new products, market
feasibility studies and proposed or existing marketing techniques or plans,
and
all information defined as a “Trade Secret” pursuant to the Georgia Trade
Secrets Act or otherwise by Georgia law. Confidential Information also includes
the same types of information relating to the operations, customers, finances,
or Business of any affiliate of the Company, if such information is learned
by
Employee during the term of this Agreement or in connection with Employee's
performance of Services. Con-fidential Information also includes information
disclosed to the Company by third parties that the Company is obligated to
maintain as confiden-tial. Confidential Information may include information
that
is not a Trade Secret, but Confiden-tial Information that is not also a Trade
Secret shall constitute Confidential Information only for five (5) years after
the Termination Date. Confidential Information does not include information
generally available to the public through no violation of a confidentiality
or
non-disclosure obligation owed to Company;
"
Customer
"
- any
customer of the Company in the Territory that Employee, during the term of
this
Agreement, (i) provided goods or services to or solicited on behalf of the
Company; or (ii) about whom Employee possesses Confidential
Information;
"
Person
"
- any
individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association,
municipality, government agency, government, unin-corporated organization or
other entity;
"
Services
"
- the
duties and functions that Employee shall provide in the Territory as an employee
of the Company and as further outlined on Exhibit B;
"
Termination
Date
"
- the
last day Employee is employed by the Com-pany, whether the termination is
voluntary or involuntary and whether with or without cause;
“Territory”
- shall
be the geographic region in which Employee initially and/or at anytime
throughout the term of this Agreement provides the Services. Territory shall
be
more fully described in Exhibit B along with Employee’s description of
Services.
2.
Employment:
The
Company agrees to employ Employee and Employee agrees that Employee will devote
Employee’s full productive time, skill, energy, knowledge and best efforts
during the period of Employee’s employment to such duties as the Board of
Directors of the Company and/or the Employee’s Direct Supervisor (as identified
in Section 5 below) may reasonably assign to Employee, and Employee will
faithfully and diligently endeavor to the best of Employee’s ability to further
the best interest of the Company during the period of Employee’s employment.
However, Employee is not prohibited from making personal investments in any
other businesses, as long as those investments do not require Employee to
participate in the operation of the companies in which Employee invests and
such
other businesses are not in competition with the Company or any of its
subsidiaries (“Competitor”). Employee may invest in any publicly traded company
registered on a bona fide stock exchange without reservation.
3.
Terms
of Employment:
Employee's employment will begin on the _______ day of ___________, 20__, and
will continue unless one party gives the other party of such intent to not
renew
ninety (90) days prior to each annual anniversary date, unless earlier
terminated in accordance with Section 9 herein. Notwithstanding, the foregoing,
the first 180 days of Employee’s employment shall be a probationary period
during which Company may terminate Employee without cause and without the
obligation of the Severance Payment, as described in Section 10.c. Effect of
Termination (“Probationary Period”). Termination of this Agreement during the
Probationary Period shall be effective upon written notice to Employee. At
Company’s election, in the event of Company’s termination of Employee without
cause during the Probationary Period, Company may elect to activate the
Noncompete provisions. In the event of Company’s termination of Employee for
cause, whether in the Probationary Period or otherwise, Employee shall be
obligated to comply with the Noncompete covenants.
4.
Compensation:
On the
terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, (i) the Company will
pay
Employee a salary and a bonus determined in accordance with Schedule A, (ii)
Employee will be entitled to participate in the Company’s Employee Stock Option
Plan as may be in effect from time to time, and (iii) the Company will provide
Employee with employee benefits consistent with those provided by the Company
to
similarly situated executives. The Company’s Employee Stock Option Plan will be
distributed to Employee. The employee benefits provided by the Company as of
the
date hereof shall also be distributed to Employee. The Company reserves the
sole
and unilateral right to modify any and all employee benefits at any time in
its
sole discretion.
5.
Title,
Duties and Conduct of Employee:
The
Employee’s initial title shall be Executive Vice President Sales and Marketing,
and shall report to William R. Doyle, President & COO, as Employee’s Direct
Supervisor. Employee shall perform such duties and functions for the Company
as
shall be specified from time to time by the Chairman or Board of Directors
of
the Company, and/or the Employee’s Direct Supervisor, including, but not limited
to the duties and functions expressly set forth on Schedule B, and which are
consistent with Employee's duties set forth on Schedule B
(“Services”).
a.
Disparagement.
Employee
shall not at any time make false, misleading or disparaging statements about
the
Company, including the Business, management, employees and/or
Customers.
b.
Prior
Agreements.
Employee
represents and warrants that Employee is not under any obligation, contractual
or otherwise, limiting, impairing or affecting Employee's performance of
Services. Upon execution of this Agreement, Employee shall give the Company
any
agreement with a prior employer or other Person purporting to limit or affect,
in any way, Employee's ability to work for the Company, to solicit customers
or
potential customers or employees or to use any type of information.
c.
Confidential
Information.
Employee
shall protect Confidential Information. Except as required in connection with
work for the Company, Employee will not use, disclose or give to others, during
or after Employee's employment, any Confidential Information.
d.
Compliance
with Company Policies and Laws.
At all
times while performing Services, Employee shall comply with all laws and
regulations applicable to Employee and/or Company. Employee shall at all times
comply with all Company policies and procedures. Failure to comply with this
Section shall be grounds for Termination For Cause, as described in Section
10
Term and Termination.
6.
Paid
Time Off, Illness or Incapacity:
Employee
is entitled to vacation paid time off and absence from Employee’s duties during
regular work hours for a total of four (4) weeks each calendar year. Employee
shall be entitled to paid time off for sick leave pursuant to Company policy.
If
Employee cannot perform his/her duties because of major illness or incapacity
for more than a total of ninety (90) days in any year, the Company may terminate
this Agreement upon thirty (30) days' written notice to Employee. Employee
is
not entitled to receive, and the Company shall not be required to pay,
Employee's compensation hereunder for absences because of major illness or
incapacity other than the total of ninety (90) days in each year granted to
Employee under this Section 6.
7.
Termination
of Agreement Upon Sale or Termination of Company's
Business:
a.
Not--with-standing
anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company may terminate
Employee's employment upon thirty (30) days' written notice to Employee upon
the
occurrence of any of the following events:
(1)
The
acquisition, directly or indirectly, of any "person" (excluding any "person"
who
on the date hereof owns or controls ten percent (10%) or more of the voting
power of the Company's common stock), as such term is used in Sections 13(d)
and
14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within any twelve
(12)
month period of securities of the Company representing an aggregate of fifty
percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company's then
outstanding securities; provided, that for purposes of this Paragraph (a),
"acquisition" shall not include shares which are received by a person through
gift, inheritance, under a will or otherwise through the laws of descent and
distribution;
(2)
During
any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such
period constitute the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board"), cease
for
any reason to constitute at least a majority thereof, unless the election of
each new director was approved in advance by a vote of at least a majority
of
the directors then still in office who were directors at the beginning of such
period; or
(3)
The
occurrence of any other event or circumstance which is not covered by (1) or
(2)
above which the Board determines affects control of the Company and, in order
to
implement the purposes of this Agreement, adopts a resolution that such event
or
circumstance constitutes an “event” under this Paragraph 7.
b.
If
the
Company terminates Employee pursuant to Paragraph 7(a), Company will, for the
Severance Period (as defined in Paragraph 10(c)), pay Employee her then current
salary and provide Employee with Group Health Insurance, but Company shall
not
be required to pay any other compensation or provide any other
benefits.
8.
Ownership
of Information
a.
Work
For Hire Acknowledgment; Assignment.
All
writings, draw-ings, photographs, tapes, recordings, computer programs and
other
works in any tangible medium of expression, regardless of the form of medium,
which have been or are prepared by Employee, or to which Employee contributes,
in connection with Employee's employ-ment by the Company, whether patented,
copyrighted, trademarked or otherwise (collectively the "Works") and all
copyrights, patents, trademarks and other rights in and to the Works, belong
solely, irrevocably and exclusively throughout the world to the Company as
works
made for hire. However, to the extent any court or agency should conclude that
the Works (or any of them) do not constitute or qualify as a "work made for
hire," Employee hereby assigns, grants and delivers, solely, irrevocably,
exclusively and throughout the world to the Company all ownership and other
rights to the Works. Employee also agrees to cooperate with the Company and
to
execute such other further grants and assignments of all rights as the Company
from time to time reasonably may request for the purpose of evidencing,
enforcing, filing, registering or defending its ownership of the Works and
the
copyrights in them, and Employee hereby irrevoca-bly constitutes and appoints
the Company as Employee's agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power of
substitu-tion, in Employee's name, place and stead, to execute and deliver
any
and all such assignments or other instruments which Employee shall fail or
refuse promptly to execute and deliver, this power and agency being coupled
with
an interest and being irrevo-cable. Without limiting the preceding provisions
of
this Paragraph 8(a), Employee agrees that the Company may edit and otherwise
modify, and use, publish and otherwise exploit, the Works in all media and
in
such manner as the Company, in its discretion, may determine.
b.
Inventions,
Ideas and Patents.
Employee
shall disclose promptly to the Company (which shall receive it in confidence),
and only to the Company, any invention or idea of Employee (developed alone
or
with others) conceived or made during Employee's employment by the Company
(or,
if related to the Business, during employment or within one year after the
Termination Date). Employee assigns to the Company any such invention or idea
in
any way connected with Employee's employment or related to the Business,
research or development of the Company, or demonstrably anticipated research
or
development of the Company, and will cooperate with the Company and sign all
papers deemed necessary by the Company to enable it to obtain, maintain, protect
and defend patents covering such inventions and ideas and to confirm the
exclusive ownership of the Company of all rights in such inventions, ideas
and
patents, and irrevoca-bly appoints the Company as its agent to execute and
deliver any assignments or documents Employee fails or refuses to execute and
deliver promptly, this power and agency being coupled with an interest and
being
irrevocable. This constitutes written notification to Employee that this
assignment does not apply to an invention for which no equipment, supplies,
facility or Trade Secret information of the Company or any Customer was used
and
which was developed entirely on Employee's own time, unless (a) the invention
relates (i) directly to the Business or (ii) to the actual or demonstrably
anticipated research or develop-ment of the Company, or (b) the invention
results from any work performed by Employee for the Company.
9.
Nonsolicitation;
Noncompetition
.
a.
Non-Solicitation
of Customers.
During
the term of this Agreement, and for one (1) year after the Termination Date,
Employee will not solicit Customers within the Territory for the purpose of
providing products or services comparable to those provided by the Business,
except on behalf of the Company.
b.
Non-Solicitation
of Company Employees.
During
the term of this Agreement and for one (1) year after the Termination Date,
Employee will not solicit for employment with another Person anyone who is
an
employee of the Company.
c.
Non-Compete.
During
the term of this Agreement and for one (1) year after the Termination Date,
Employee will not provide services substantially similar to Services within
the
Territory to any Competitor. Employee shall be prohibited from providing in
the
Territory in competition with the Company in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement, including the Services expressly set forth on Schedule B attached
hereto. Employee acknowledges that Employee has been informed of and discussed
with the Company the specific activities that Employee will perform as Services
and that Employee understands the scope of the activities that constitute
Services and the Territory under this Agreement.
d.
Future
Employment Opportunities.
Prior to
and for one (1) year after the Termination Date, Employee shall (a) provide
any
employer with a copy of this Agreement, and (b) upon accepting any position,
provide the Company with the employer's name and a description of the services,
if any, Employee will provide for such employer.
10.
Termination
.
At all
times, Employee’s employment shall be subject to “employment at will”. This
Agreement and the employment of Employee may be terminated as
follows:
a.
Without
Cause
.
Either
party may terminate this Agreement upon thirty (30) days notice to the other
party.
b.
For
Cause.
(1)
By
the
Company (i) pursuant to Paragraphs 6 or 7, (ii) upon conviction of the Employee
of any felony or material misdemeanor under federal, state or local laws or
ordinances, except traffic violations (iii) upon the failure of Employee to
diligently or competently discharge the duties assigned to him pursuant to
this
Agreement; or
(2)
(i)
By
Employee upon thirty (30) days' written notice to the Company for any breach
of
this Agreement by Company and failure to cure within that thirty (30) day notice
period; or
(3)
By
the
Company upon any breach by Employee of any of the terms and conditions of this
Agreement or the breach by Employee of any representation or warranty made
to
the Company herein or in any other agreement, document or instrument executed
by
Employee and delivered to the Company, or should any representation or warranty
made by Employee hereunder or thereunder prove to have been false or misleading
in any material respect when made or furnished; or
(4)
By
the
Company upon the death of Employee.
c.
Effect
of Termination.
(1)
In
the
event Employee is terminated by the Company without cause (other than during
the
Probationary Period pursuant to Paragraph 3 the Company shall (i) pay Employee
his then current salary and provide Employee with Group Health Insurance, but
no
other compensation or benefits, for three (3) months (“Severance Period”)
beginning with the date of termination (“Severance Payment”). If Employee is
terminated for cause or Employee terminates this Agreement without cause,
Employee shall be entitled only to compensation accrued through the date of
Termination and all benefits accrued as of such date, and shall not be entitled
to any Severance Payment described herein, but shall remain obligated to the
Non-Compete and Non-Severance obligations.
(2)
Return
of Materials.
On the
Termination Date or for any reason or at any time at the Company's request,
Employee will deliver promptly to the Company all materials, documents, plans,
records, notes, manuals, subcontracts, procedures, customer lists, and any
other
papers and any copies thereof in Em-ployee's possession, custody or control
relating to the Company or the Business, whether defined as Confidential
Information, Trade Secret or otherwise, all of which at all times shall be
the
property of the Company.
11.
Miscellaneous
.
a.
Assignability.
(1)
This
Agreement may be assigned by the Company to any successor in interest to its
business, which successor in interest shall be bound herein to the same extent
as the Company. Employee agrees to perform his duties for such successor in
interest to the same extent as for the Company.
(2)
This
is a personal agreement on the part of Employee and may not be sold, assigned,
transferred or conveyed by Employee.
b.
No
Waiver
.
The
waiver by either party of a breach of any provision of this Agreement by the
other party shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent
breach by the other party.
c.
Governing
Law and Jurisdiction
.
This
Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
the
State of Georgia. Any cause of action shall be filed in and the parties agree
to
subject themselves to the jurisdiction of any State or Federal court of
competent jurisdiction located in Atlanta, Georgia.
d.
Entire
Agreement
.
This
Agreement, together with the Employee confidential Information, Copyright and
Invention Assignment Agreement, attached hereto as Exhibit C, states the entire
agreement and understanding between the parties and supersedes all prior
understandings and agreements.
e.
No
Modification
.
No
change
or modification to this Agreement shall be valid unless in writing and signed
by
both parties hereto.
f.
Independence
of Covenants
.
The
covenants contained herein shall be construed as agreements independent of
each
other and of any other provision of this or any other contract between the
parties hereto, and the existence of any claim or cause of action by Employee
against the Company, whether predicated upon this or any other contract, shall
not constitute a defense to the enforcement by the Company of said
covenants.
g
.
Right
to Injunctive Relief
.
Employee
recognizes and agrees that the injury the Company will suffer in the event
of
the Employee's breach of any covenant or agreement contained herein cannot
be
compensated by monetary damages alone, and Employee therefore agrees that the
Company, in addition and without limiting any other remedies or rights that
it
may have, either under his Agreement or otherwise, shall have the right to
obtain an injunction against Employee from any court of competent jurisdiction
enjoining any such breach without having to show or prove damages or
injury.
h.
Jury
Trial Waiver
.
Both
parties hereby waive their right to a trial by jury in the event of any dispute
or cause of action regarding this Agreement.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF
,
the
undersigned have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above
written.
|
|
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
|
|
|
|
|
By:
|
|
|
Name:
William R. Doyle
|
|
Title:
CEO
|
|
|
|
|
EMPLOYEE:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name:
Sandra Parker
|
|
|
(THE
REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT
BLANK)
Schedule
A - Salary and Bonus
Annual
Salary. $95,000*
Salary.
Company
shall pay Employee a Monthly Salary of $7,916.00* The Monthly Salary shall
be
payable bi-weekly according to the Company’s established payroll periods.
*
The
salary may be adjusted upon the introduction of a mutually agreed-upon
commission and/or bonus structure.
Bonus.
For the
first six (6) months of Employee’s employment, Employee shall receive in
addition to her Salary a guaranteed bonus of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000)
per
month, which shall be divided equally among the scheduled payroll periods for
each month, and payable as part of the standard, scheduled payroll for each
month. Thereafter, a further bonus structure may be made available to Employee
depending upon the Company and Employee performance, at Company’s complete and
sole discretion. Such bonus structure may alter the base and/or commission
compensation described herein.
Commission
.
It is
anticipated by both parties that a commission structure will be mutually agreed
upon at some point during the term of this Agreement. Such commission structure
may alter the base salary and/or bonus compensation described
herein.
Stock
Option Grant.
Employee
shall be granted 200,000 stock options at the strike price of $1/share pursuant
to Company’s current 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, which shall
vest according to the following schedule:
50,000
vesting upon the execution of this Agreement and the execution of the
corresponding Stock Option Agreement effecting the stock option
grant.
50,000
vesting each of the next 3 years upon the anniversary date of the execution
of
the Stock Option Agreement.
Employee
may be awarded additional option grants at the Company’s and/or her Supervisor’s
sole discretion. In all cases, the execution of a Stock Option Agreement shall
be required in order to effect any such grant.
Schedule
B - Duties and Functions (“Services”)
Employee
shall be responsible for implementing and overseeing, including all budgetary
and revenue responsibility, for all Company sales and marketing activities
and
initiatives. The Territory for Employee’s scope of Services responsibility shall
be the world-wide.
(THE
REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
Schedule
C
Employee
Confidential Information, Copyright and Invention Assignment
Agreement
CONSENT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We
hereby
consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of our report
dated September 15, 2008 relating to the financial statements of Vystar
Corporation, which appears in such Registration Statement. We also consent
to
the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
|
|
|
/s/
Habif, Arogeti & Wynne, LLP
(formerly Tauber & Balser, P.C.)
Habif,
Arogeti & Wynne, LLP
Atlanta,
Georgia
November
13, 2008
|
|
|