SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K

 (Mark One)
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2008
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
 
For the transition period from _________________ to _______________

Commission File No. 001-33059

Fuel Tech, Inc.
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
20-5657551
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation of organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Fuel Tech, Inc.
27601 Bella Vista Parkway
Warrenville, IL  60555-1617
630-845-4500
(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock $0.01 par value per share
 
The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc
(Title of Class)
 
(Name of Exchange on Which Registered)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ¨                       No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ¨                       No x

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x                       No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company (as defined in rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).
Large Accelerated Filer ¨
Accelerated Filer x
Non-accelerated Filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) ¨
Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨                       No x

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the average bid and asked prices of June 30, 2008 was $331,257,000.  The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the average bid and asked prices of February 10, 2008 was $196,181,000.

Indicate number of shares outstanding of each of the registered classes of Common Stock at February 10, 2009: 24,110,967 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value.

Documents incorporated by reference:
Certain portions of the Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2009 are incorporated by reference in Parts II, III, and IV hereof.

 
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
   
Page
 
PART I
 
     
Item 1.
Business
3
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
9
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
10
Item 2.
Properties
10
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
11
Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
11
     
 
PART II
 
     
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities
12
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
14
Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
15
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
22
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
23
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
45
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
45
Item 9B.
Other Information
45
     
 
PART III
 
     
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
46
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
47
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
47
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
47
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
47
     
 
PART IV
 
     
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
48
     
Signatures and Certifications
51
 
 
1

 

TABLE OF DEFINED TERMS

Term
 
Definition
     
ABC
 
American Bailey Corporation
     
AIG
  Ammonia Injection Grid
     
CAAA
 
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
     
CAIR
 
Clean Air Interstate Rule
     
CAVR
 
Clean Air Visibility Rule
     
CDT
 
Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc.
     
CFD
 
Computational Fluid Dynamics
     
Common Shares
 
Shares of the Common Stock of Fuel Tech
     
Common Stock
 
Common Stock of Fuel Tech
     
EPA
 
Environmental Protection Agency
     
EPRI
 
Electric Power Research Institute
     
FUEL CHEM ®
 
A trademark used to describe Fuel Tech’s fuel and flue gas treatment processes, including its TIFI™ Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ technology to control slagging, fouling, corrosion and a variety of sulfur trioxide-related issues.
     
GSG
 
Graduated Straightening Grid
     
Investors
 
The purchasers of Fuel Tech securities pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement as of March 23, 1998.
     
Loan Notes
 
Nil-coupon, non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes of Fuel Tech
     
NOx
 
Oxides of nitrogen
     
NOxOUT CASCADE ®
 
A trademark used to describe Fuel Tech’s combination of NOxOUT and SCR.
     
NOxOUT ® Process
 
A trademark used to describe Fuel Tech’s SNCR process for the reduction of NOx.
     
NOxOUT-SCR ®
 
A trademark used to describe Fuel Tech’s direct injection of urea as a catalyst reagent.
     
NOxOUT ULTRA ®
 
A trademark used to describe Fuel Tech’s process for generating ammonia for use as SCR reagent.
     
Rich Reagent Injection Technology (RRI)
 
An SNCR-type process that broadens the NOx reduction capability of the NOxOUT Process at a cost similar to NOxOUT. RRI can also be applied on a stand-alone basis.
     
SCR
 
Selective Catalytic Reduction
     
SIP Call
 
State Implementation Plan Regulation
     
SNCR
 
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction
     
TCI™ Targeted Corrosion Inhibition™
 
A FUEL CHEM program designed for high-temperature slag and corrosion control, principally in waste-to-energy boilers.
     
TIFI™ Targeted In-Furnace Injection™
 
A proprietary technology that enables the precise injection of a chemical reagent into a boiler or furnace as part of a FUEL CHEM program.
 
 
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PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements,” as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and reflect our current expectations regarding our future growth, results of operations, cash flows, performance and business prospects, and opportunities, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. We have tried to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” and similar expressions, but these words are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements.  These statements are based on information currently available to us and are subject to various risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed herein under the caption “Risk Factors” that could cause our actual growth, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, performance and business prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements.  Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update such factors or to publicly announce the results of any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events, developments, or changed circumstances or for any other reason.  Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in Fuel Tech's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  See "Risk Factors" in Item 1A.

ITEM 1 - BUSINESS

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “Fuel Tech” refer to Fuel Tech, Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Fuel Tech

Fuel Tech, Inc. (Fuel Tech) is a fully integrated company that uses a suite of advanced technologies to provide boiler optimization, efficiency improvement and air pollution reduction and control solutions to utility and industrial customers worldwide.  Originally incorporated in 1987 under the laws of the Netherlands Antilles as Fuel-Tech N.V., Fuel Tech became domesticated in the United States on September 30, 2006, and continues as a Delaware corporation with its corporate headquarters at 27601 Bella Vista Parkway, Warrenville, Illinois, 60555-1617.  Fuel Tech maintains an Internet website at www.ftek.com .  Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are made available through our website as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file or furnish the reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Also available on the Corporation’s website are the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, as well as the charters of the audit, compensation and nominating committees of the Board of Directors.  All of these documents are available in print without charge to stockholders who request them. Information on our website is not incorporated into this report.
 
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Fuel Tech's special focus is the worldwide marketing of its nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction and FUEL CHEM ® processes.  The Air Pollution Control (APC) technology segment reduces NOx emissions in flue gas from boilers, incinerators, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources by utilizing combustion optimization techniques and Low-NOx and Ultra Low-NOx burners; NOxOUT ® and HERT™ High Energy Reagent Technology™ SNCR systems; systems that incorporate NOxOUT CASCADE ® , NOxOUT ULTRA ® and NOxOUT-SCR ® processes; and Ammonia Injection Grids and the Graduated Straightening Grid (GSG).  The FUEL CHEM technology segment improves the efficiency, reliability and environmental status of combustion units by controlling slagging, fouling and corrosion, as well as the formation of sulfur trioxide, ammonium bisulfate, particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), carbon dioxide, NOx and unburned carbon in fly ash through the addition of chemicals into the fuel or via TIFI™ Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ programs.  Fuel Tech has other technologies, both commercially available and in the development stage, all of which are related to APC and FUEL CHEM processes or are similar in their technological base.  Fuel Tech's business is materially dependent on the continued existence and enforcement of worldwide air quality regulations.

American Bailey Corporation

Ralph E. Bailey, Executive Chairman and Director of Fuel Tech, and Douglas G. Bailey, Deputy Chairman and Director of Fuel Tech, are stockholders of American Bailey Corporation (ABC), which is a related party.  Please refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements in this document for information about transactions between Fuel Tech and ABC.  Additionally, see the more detailed information relating to this subject under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in Fuel Tech’s Proxy Statement, to be distributed in connection with Fuel Tech’s 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which information is incorporated by reference.

Air Pollution Control

Regulations and Markets

The U.S. air pollution control market is currently the primary driver in Fuel Tech’s NOx reduction technology segment.  This market is dependent on air pollution regulations and their continued enforcement. These regulations are based on the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (the “CAAA”), which require reductions in NOx emissions on varying timetables with respect to various sources of emissions.  Under the State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call, a regulation promulgated under the Amendments (discussed further below), over 1,000 utility and large industrial boilers in 19 states were required to achieve NOx reduction targets by May 31, 2004.

In 1994, governors of 11 Northeastern states, known collectively as the Ozone Transport Region, signed a Memorandum of Understanding requiring utilities to reduce their NOx emissions by 55% to 65% from 1990 levels by May 1999.  In 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced more stringent regulations. The Ozone Transport SIP Call regulation, designed to mitigate the effects of wind-aided ozone transported from the Midwestern and Southeastern U.S. into the Northeastern non-attainment areas, required, following the litigation described below, 19 states to make even deeper aggregate reductions of 85% from 1990 levels by May 31, 2004.  Over 1,000 utility and large industrial boilers are affected by these mandates.  Additionally, most other states with non-attainment areas were also required to meet ambient air quality standards for ozone by 2007.

Although the SIP Call was the subject of litigation, an appellate court of the D.C. Circuit upheld the validity of this regulation.  This court’s ruling was later affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court.

In February 2001, the U.S. Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision, upheld EPA’s authority to revise the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone to 0.080 parts per million averaged through an eight-hour period from the current 0.120 parts per million for a one-hour period.  This more stringent standard provided clarity and impetus for air pollution control efforts well beyond the then current ozone attainment requirement of 2007.  In keeping with this trend, the Supreme Court, only days later, denied industry’s attempt to stay the SIP Call, effectively exhausting all means of appeal.

On December 23, 2003, the EPA proposed a new regulation affecting the SIP Call states by specifying more expansive NOx reduction.  This rule, under the name Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), was issued by the EPA on March 10, 2005.   Commencing in 2009, CAIR specifies that additional annual NOx reduction requirements be extended to most SIP-affected units in 28 eastern states, while permitting a cap and trade format similar to the SIP Call.  The Company expects an additional 1,300 electric generating units using coal and other fuels to be affected by this rule.    In an action related to CAIR, on June 15, 2005, the EPA issued the Clean Air Visibility Rule (CAVR), which is a nationwide initiative to improve federally preserved areas through reduction of NOx and other pollutants.  CAVR expands the NOx reduction market to Western states unaffected by CAIR or the SIP Call.  Compliance begins in 2013 and CAVR will potentially affect an additional 230 western coal-fired electric-generating units.  In addition, CAVR, along with the EPA rule for revised eight-hour ozone attainment, which was proposed on June 20, 2007, have the potential to impact thousands of boilers and industrial units in multiple industries nationwide for units burning coal and other fuels starting in 2013.
 
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On July 11, 2008, the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated the CAIR regulations under the CAAA under the premise that the EPA exceeded its authority when the rule was created in 2005.  The court found “more than several fatal flaws in the rule” but neither took issue with the concept that NOx emissions are to be controlled nor over the limits and thresholds established by CAIR.  In vacating the rule in its entirety, the court remanded to EPA to promulgate a rule consistent with the court’s opinion.  On September 24, 2008, the EPA filed a petition for the case to be reviewed by the full Court of Appeals, not just the three judge panel that issued the vacatur ruling in July 2008.  On October 22, 2008, the EPA was granted a 15-day period to present a basis as to why the court should reconsider its decision.  On December 23, 2008, the D.C. Circuit granted the EPA’s petition only to the extent that it remanded the case without vacatur for EPA to conduct further proceedings consistent with the court’s prior opinion.  In summary, the court stated that “…allowing CAIR to remain in effect until it is replaced by a rule consistent with our opinion would at least temporarily preserve the environmental values covered by CAIR.”  The court did not impose a particular schedule by which the EPA must alter CAIR.  CAIR requires the affected states to be in year-round NOx emission compliance beginning January 1, 2009.  While we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this matter, and any unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial position, the primary driver of CAIR, the Federal CAAA, including the associated National Ambient Air Quality Standards, is in effect and states must comply with this law.

Fuel Tech also sells NOx control systems outside the United States, specifically in Europe and in the People's Republic of China (China).  NOxOUT systems have long been sold in the traditional markets of Western Europe, but interest is growing in newer markets like Eastern Europe as well as Israel for complete NOx reduction programs on both new and existing boilers.  Under EU Directives, certain waste incinerators and cement plants must come into compliance with specified NOx reduction targets by the end of 2009, while certain power plants must be in compliance by 2016.

China also represents attractive opportunities for Fuel Tech as the government has set pollution control and energy conservation and efficiency improvements as top priorities.  Fuel Tech has viable technologies to help achieve these objectives.  China has taken initial steps to reduce NOx emissions on new electric utility units (principally low-NOx burners), and on-going research and demonstration projects are generating cost performance data for use in tightening standards in the near future, both for new and retrofit units.  China’s dominant reliance on coal as an energy resource is not expected to change in the foreseeable future.  Clean air has been and will continue to be a pressing issue, especially with China’s robust economic growth, expected growth in power production (4%-5% average annual increase through 2020), and an increasingly expanded role in international events and organizations.  China hosted the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and will host the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.  China plans to address in a significant way the pollution control for the existing fleet of fossil plants in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan that takes effect in 2011.  Our goal is to establish a leading market position in NOx control resulting from the national demonstration projects utilizing NOxOUT CASCADE technology at Jiangsu Kanshan (two new 600 megawatt units), NOxOUT Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology at Jiangyin Ligang (four new 600 megawatt units) and Inner Mongolia (two new 600 megawatt units), and NOxOUT ULTRA technology on two retrofit projects in Beijing.  These projects are showcasing a wide spectrum of Fuel Tech capabilities for NOx emission control with the intent of gaining immediate penetration within the market for new power units, and establishing Fuel Tech as the leader for the larger market for retrofit units later.

The key market dynamic for this product line is the continued use of coal as the principal fuel source for global electricity production.  Coal accounts for approximately 50% of all U.S. electricity generation.  Coal’s share of global electricity generation is forecast to be approximately 45% by 2030.  Major coal consumers include China, the United States and India.

Products

Fuel Tech’s NOx reduction technologies are installed worldwide on over 450 combustion units, including utility, industrial and municipal solid waste applications.  Products include customized NOx control systems and patented urea-to-ammonia conversion technology, which can provide safe reagent for use in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems.

 
·
Fuel Tech's NOxOUT process is a Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) process that uses non-hazardous urea as the reagent rather than ammonia. The NOxOUT process on its own is capable of reducing NOx by up to 25% - 50% for utilities and by potentially significantly greater amounts for industrial units in many types of plants with capital costs ranging from $5 - $20/kW for utility boilers and with total annualized operating costs ranging from $1,000 - $2,000/ton of NOx removed.

 
·
Fuel Tech’s NOxOUT CASCADE process uses a catalyst in addition to the NOxOUT process to achieve performance similar to SCR.  Capital costs for NOxOUT CASCADE systems can range from $30 - $75/kW which is significantly less than that of SCRs, which can cost $300/kW or more, while operating costs are competitive with those experienced by SCR systems.

 
·
Fuel Tech’s NOxOUT-SCR process utilizes urea as a catalyst reagent to achieve NOx reductions of up to 85% from smaller stationary combustion sources with capital and operating costs competitive with equivalently sized, standard SCR systems.

 
·
Fuel Tech’s NOxOUT ULTRA process is designed to convert urea to ammonia safely and economically for use as a reagent in the SCR process for NOx reduction.  Recent local hurdles in the ammonia permitting process have raised concerns regarding the safety of ammonia storage in quantities sufficient to supply SCR.  In addition, the Department of Homeland Security has characterized anhydrous ammonia as a Toxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH) commodity.  This is contributing to new restrictions by rail carriers on the movement of anhydrous ammonia and to an escalation in associated rail transport and insurance rates.  Overseas, new coal-fired power plants incorporating SCR systems are expected to be constructed at a rapid rate in China, and Fuel Tech’s NOxOUT ULTRA process is believed to be a market leader for the safe delivery of ammonia, particularly near densely populated cities, major waterways, harbors or islands, or where the transport of anhydrous or aqueous ammonia is a safety concern.
 
5

 
 
·
Fuel Tech has licensed the Rich Reagent Injection Technology from Reaction Engineering International and Electric Power Research Institute.  The technology has been proven in full-scale field studies on cyclone-fired units to reduce NOx by 40% - 60%.  The technology is a generic SNCR process, whose applicability is outside the temperature range of the NOxOUT process.  The technology is seen as an add-on to Fuel Tech’s NOxOUT systems, thus potentially broadening the NOx reduction of the combined system to up to 60% with minimal additional capital requirement.

 
·
Under an exclusive licensing agreement with FGC Corporation, Fuel Tech sells flue gas conditioning systems incorporating FGC Corporation technology for utility applications in all geographies outside the United States and Canada.  Flue gas conditioning systems improve the efficiency of particulate collectors, also known as electrostatic precipitators (ESP).  These conditioning systems represent a far lower capital cost approach to improving ash particulate capture versus the alternative of installing larger ESPs or fabric filter technology to meet opacity levels.

 
·
As a result of the acquisitions of substantially all of the assets of Tackticks, LLC and FlowTack, LLC in the fourth quarter of 2008, Fuel Tech now provides process design optimization, performance testing and improvement, and catalyst selection services for SCR systems on coal-fired boilers.  In addition, other related services, including start-ups, maintenance support and general consulting services for SCR systems, as well as ammonia injection grid design and tuning, to help optimize catalyst performance and catalyst management services to help optimize catalyst life, are now offered to customers around the world.  Fuel Tech also specializes in both physical experimental models, which involve construction of scale models through which fluids are tested, and computational fluid dynamics models, which simulate fluid flow by generating a virtual replication of real-world geometry and operating inputs.  We design flow corrective devices, such as turning vanes, ash screens, static mixers and our patent pending Graduated Straightening Grid.  Our models help clients optimize performance in flow critical equipment, such as selective catalytic reactors in SCR systems, where the effectiveness and longevity of catalysts are of utmost concern.  The Company’s modeling capabilities are also applied to other power plant systems where proper flow distribution and mixing are important for performance, such as flue gas desulphurization scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, air heaters, exhaust stacks and carbon injection systems for mercury removal.

 
6

 
 
Sales of the NOx reduction technologies were $44.4 million, $47.8 million and $46.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

NOx Reduction Competition

Competition with Fuel Tech's NOx reduction suite of products may be expected from companies supplying urea SNCR systems, combustion modification products, SCR systems and ammonia SNCR systems.  In addition, Fuel Tech experiences competition in the urea-to-ammonia conversion market.

Combustion modifications, including low-NOx burners and over-fire-air systems, can be fitted to most types of boilers with cost and effectiveness varying with specific boilers.  Combustion modifications may yield up to 20% - 60% NOx reduction economically with capital costs ranging from $10 - $20/kW and levelized total costs ranging from $300 - $1,500/ton of NOx removed. The modifications are designed to reduce the formation of NOx and are typically the first NOx reduction efforts employed.  Such companies as Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc., Alstom, Foster Wheeler Corporation, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Combustion Components Associates, Inc., Nalco Mobotec, Inc. and Babcock Power, Inc. are active competitors in the low-NOx burner business.  On December 8, 2008, Fuel Tech announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets of Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc.  See Note 13, Subsequent Events, for more information regarding this acquisition.

Once NOx is formed, then the SCR process is an effective and proven method of control for removal of NOx up to 90%.  SCR systems have a high capital cost of $300+/kW on retrofit coal applications.  Such companies as Alstom, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Hitachi, Foster Wheeler Corporation, Peerless Manufacturing Company, and Babcock Power, Inc., are active SCR system providers, or providers of the catalyst itself.

The use of ammonia as the reagent for the SNCR process can reduce NOx by 30% - 70% on incinerators, but has limited applicability in the utility industry.  Ammonia system capital costs range from $5 - $20/kW, with annualized operating costs ranging from $1,000 - $3,000/ton of NOx removed.  These systems require the use of either anhydrous or aqueous ammonia, both of which are hazardous substances.

Combustion Components Associates, Inc. is a licensed implementer of our NOxOUT SNCR systems.

In addition to or in lieu of using the foregoing processes, certain customers may elect to close or de-rate plants, purchase electricity from third-party sources, switch from higher to lower NOx-emitting fuels or purchase NOx emission allowances.

Lastly, with respect to urea-to-ammonia conversion technologies, a competitive approach to Fuel Tech’s controlled urea decomposition system is available from Wahlco, Inc., which manufactures a system that hydrolyzes urea under high temperature and pressure.

FUEL CHEM

Product and Markets

The FUEL CHEM technology segment revolves around the unique application of specialty chemicals to improve the efficiency, reliability and environmental status of plants operating in the electric utility, industrial, pulp and paper, waste-to-energy, university and district heating markets.  FUEL CHEM programs are currently in place on over 95 combustion units, treating a wide variety of solid and liquid fuels, including coal, heavy oil, biomass and municipal waste.

Central to the FUEL CHEM approach is the introduction of chemical reagents, such as magnesium hydroxide, to combustion units via in-body fuel application (pre-combustion) or via direct injection (post-combustion) utilizing Fuel Tech’s proprietary TIFI technology.  By attacking performance-hindering problems, such as slagging, fouling and corrosion, as well as the formation of sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ), ammonium bisulfate (ABS), particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), NOx and unburned carbon in fly ash, the Company’s programs offer numerous operational, financial and environmental benefits to owners of boilers, furnaces and other combustion units.

The key market dynamic for this product line is the continued use of coal as the principal fuel source for global electricity production.  Coal accounts for approximately 50% of all U.S. electricity generation.  Coal’s share of global electricity generation is forecast to be approximately 45% by 2030. Major coal consumers include the United States, China and India.

The principal markets for this product line are electric power plants burning coals with slag-forming constituents such as sodium, iron and high levels of sulfur.  Sodium is typically found in the Powder River Basin (PRB) coals of Wyoming and Montana.  Iron is typically found in coals produced in the Illinois Basin (IB) region.  High sulfur content is typical of IB coals and certain Appalachian coals.  High sulfur content can give rise to unacceptable levels of SO 3 formation in plants with SCR systems and flue gas desulphurization units (scrubbers).
 
 
7

 

The combination of slagging coals and SO 3 -related issues, such as “blue plume” formation, air pre-heater fouling and corrosion, SCR fouling and the proclivity to suppress certain mercury removal processes, represents attractive market potential for Fuel Tech.

Internationally, market opportunities exist in Europe and in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, where high-slagging coals are fueling a large and growing fleet of power plants.  To address the Chinese market, where particular emphasis is being placed on energy efficiency, Fuel Tech extended its exclusive teaming agreement with ITOCHU Hong Kong Ltd., a subsidiary of ITOCHU Corporation, through March 31, 2009.  Working under this agreement, the first FUEL CHEM demonstration program in China was announced in January 2008 and a second demonstration program was announced in October 2008.  In addition, Fuel Tech was awarded its first FUEL CHEM demonstration program in India in January 2008.  TIFI initiatives aimed at energy efficiency improvements result in reduced CO 2 emissions, which potentially can be monetized under provisions of the Kyoto Protocol.
 
A potentially large fuel treatment market exists in Mexico, where high-sulfur, low-grade fuel oil containing vanadium and nickel is the primary source for electricity production.  The presence of these metallic constituents promotes slag build-up, and the fuel properties can result in acid gas and particulate emissions in local combustion units.  Fuel Tech has successfully treated such units with its TIFI technology.  To capitalize on this market opportunity, the Company signed a five-year license implementation agreement with Energy Marine Services, S.A. de C.V. (EMS), a private Mexican corporation, to implement our TIFI program for utility and end user customers in Mexico.

Sales of the FUEL CHEM products were $36.7 million, $32.5 million and $28.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Competition

Competition for Fuel Tech's FUEL CHEM product line includes chemicals sold by specialty chemical and combustion engineering companies, such as GE Infrastructure, Ashland Inc., and Environmental Energy Services, Inc.  No substantive competition currently exists for Fuel Tech's TIFI technology, which is designed primarily for slag control and SO 3 abatement, but there can be no assurance that such lack of substantive competition will continue.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

The majority of Fuel Tech’s products are protected by U.S. and non-U.S. patents.  Fuel Tech owns 87 granted patents worldwide and has 13 patent applications pending in the United States and 37 pending in non-U.S. jurisdictions.  These patents and applications cover some 36 inventions, 23 associated with the NOx reduction business, eight associated with the FUEL CHEM business and five associated with non-commercialized technologies.  Graduated Straightening Grid (GSG) technology was added into Fuel Tech’s inventions through the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of FlowTack.  GSG improves flow distribution and direction to potentially improve SCR and CASCADE performance, and minimize flow-related erosion, dust accumulation and heat transfer problems.  These inventions represent significant enhancements of the application and performance of the technologies.  Further, Fuel Tech believes that the protection provided by the numerous claims in the above referenced patents or patent applications is substantial, and affords Fuel Tech a significant competitive advantage in its business.  Accordingly, any significant reduction in the protection afforded by these patents or any significant development in competing technologies could have a material adverse effect on Fuel Tech’s business.

EMPLOYEES

At December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had 196 employees, 170 in North America, 15 in China and 11 in Europe.  Fuel Tech enjoys good relations with its employees and is not a party to any labor management agreement.

 
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ITEM 1A - RISK FACTORS

Investors in Fuel Tech should be mindful of the following risk factors relative to Fuel Tech's business.

(i)
Lack of Diversification

Fuel Tech has two broad technology segments that provide advanced engineering solutions to meet the pollution control, efficiency improvement, and operational optimization needs of energy-related facilities worldwide.  They are as follows:

-
The Air Pollution Control technology segment, which includes the NOxOUT, NOxOUT CASCADE, GSG, NOxOUT ULTRA and NOxOUT-SCR processes for the reduction of NOx emissions in flue gas from boilers, incinerators, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources; and

-
The FUEL CHEM technology segment, which uses chemical processes, including TIFI Targeted In-Furnace Injection technology, to control slagging, fouling and corrosion, as well as the formation of sulfur trioxide, ammonium bisulfate, particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), carbon dioxide, NOx and unburned carbon in fly ash of furnaces and boilers.

An adverse development in Fuel Tech's advanced engineering solution business as a result of competition, technological change, government regulation, or any other factor could have a significantly greater impact than if Fuel Tech maintained more diverse operations.

(ii)
Competition

Competition   in the Air Pollution Control market will come from competitors utilizing their own NOx reduction processes, including  SNCR systems, low-NOx burners, over-fire air, flue gas recirculation, ammonia SNCR, SCR and, with respect to particular uses of urea not infringing Fuel Tech's patents, urea (see Item 1 "Intellectual  Property").  Competition will also come from business practices such as the purchase rather than the generation of electricity, fuel switching, closure or de-rating of units, and sale or trade of pollution credits and emission allowances.  Utilization by customers of such processes or business practices or combinations thereof may adversely affect Fuel Tech's pricing and participation in the NOx control market if customers elect to comply with regulations by methods other than the purchase of Fuel Tech's suite of Air Pollution Control products.  See above text under the captions " Products " and “ NOx Reduction Competition ” in the Air Pollution Control segment overview.

Competition   in the FUEL CHEM markets includes chemicals sold by specialty chemical and combustion engineering companies, such as GE Infrastructure, Ashland Inc. and Environmental Energy Services, Inc.  As noted previously, no significant competition currently exists for Fuel Tech's patented TIFI technology, which is designed primarily for slag control and SO 3 abatement.  However, there can be no assurance that such lack of significant competition will continue.

(iii)
Dependence on and Change in Air Pollution Control Regulations and Enforcement

Fuel Tech's business is significantly impacted by and dependent upon the regulatory environment surrounding the electricity generation market.  Our business will be adversely impacted to the extent that regulations are repealed or amended to significantly reduce the level of required NOx reduction, or to the extent that regulatory authorities delay or otherwise minimize enforcement of existing laws.  Additionally, long-term changes in environmental regulation that threaten or preclude the use of coal or other fossil fuels as a primary fuel source for electricity production, based on the theory that gases emitted therefrom impact climate change through a greenhouse effect, and result in the reduction or closure of a significant number of fossil fuel-fired power plants, may adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.  See also the text above under the caption “ Regulations and Markets ” in the Air Pollution Control segment overview.

(iv)
Protection of Patents and Proprietary Rights

Fuel Tech holds licenses to or owns a number of patents for our products and processes.  In addition, we also have numerous patents pending.  There can be no assurance that pending patent applications will be granted or that outstanding patents will not be challenged or circumvented by competitors.  Certain critical technology relating to our products is protected by trade secret laws and by confidentiality and licensing agreements.  There can be no assurance that such protection will prove adequate or that we will have adequate remedies against contractual counterparties for disclosure of our trade secrets or violations of Fuel Tech’s intellectual property rights. See Item 1 “Intellectual Property.”

(v)
Foreign Operations

In 2007, we expanded our operations into China by establishing a wholly-owned subsidiary in Beijing.  The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, offers significant market opportunities for Fuel Tech as these nations look to establish regulatory policies for improving their environment and utilizing fossil fuels, especially coal, efficiently and effectively.  The future business opportunities in these markets are dependent on the continued implementation of regulatory policies that will benefit our technologies, the acceptance of Fuel Tech’s engineering solutions in such markets, and the ability of potential customers to utilize Fuel Tech’s technologies on a cost-effective basis.

 
9

 
 
(vi)
Product Pricing and Operating Results

The onset of significant competition for either of the technology segments might have an adverse impact on product pricing and a resulting adverse impact on realized gross margins and operating profitability.

(vii)
Raw Material Supply and Pricing

The FUEL CHEM technology segment is reliant upon a long-term global supply of magnesium hydroxide.  Any adverse change in the availability of supply for this chemical will likely have an adverse impact on our cost structure.  On October 1, 2008 we entered into a Product Supply Agreement (“PSA”) with Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, LLC (MMMS) in order to assure the continuance of a stable supply from MMMS of magnesium hydroxide products for our requirements in the United States and Canada until December 31, 2013.  Magnesium hydroxide products are a significant component of the FUEL CHEM   programs.  There can be no assurance that Fuel Tech will be able to obtain a stable source of magnesium hydroxide in markets outside the United States.

(ix)
Customer Access to Capital Funds

Uncertainty about current economic conditions in the United States and globally poses risk that Fuel Tech’s customers may postpone spending for capital improvement projects in response to tighter credit markets, negative financial news and/or decline in demand for electricity generated by combustion units, all of which could have a material negative effect on demand for the Fuel Tech’s products and services.

(x)
Customer Concentration

A small number of customers have historically accounted for a material portion of Fuel Tech’s revenues (see note 11 – Business Segment, Geographic and Quarterly Financial Data).  There can be no assurance that Fuel Tech’s current customers will continue to place orders, that orders by existing customers will continue at the levels of previous periods, or that Fuel Tech will be able to obtain orders from new customers.  The loss of one or more of our customers could have a material adverse effect on our sales and operating results.

  ITEM 1B - UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2 - PROPERTIES

Fuel Tech and its subsidiaries operate from leased office facilities in Warrenville, Illinois; Stamford, Connecticut; Durham, North Carolina; Gallarate, Italy and Beijing, China.  Fuel Tech does not segregate any of its leased facilities by operating business segment.  The terms of the three material agreements are as follows:
 
-
The Stamford, Connecticut building lease term, for approximately 7,000 square feet, runs from February 1, 2004 to January 31, 2010.  The facility houses certain administrative functions such as Investor Relations, Benefit Plan Administration and certain APC sales functions.
 
-
The Beijing, China building lease term, for approximately 4,000 square feet, runs from September 1, 2007 to August 31, 2009.  This facility serves as the operating headquarters for our Beijing Fuel Tech operation.  Fuel Tech has the option to extend the lease term at a market rate to be agreed upon between Fuel Tech and the lessor.
 
-
The Durham, North Carolina building lease term, for approximately 16,000 square feet, runs from November 1, 2005 to April 30, 2014.  This facility houses the former Tackticks and FlowTack operations.  Fuel Tech has no option to extend the lease.
 
In addition to the above, on November 30, 2007, Fuel Tech purchased an office building in Warrenville, Illinois, which has served as our corporate headquarters since June 23, 2008.  This facility, with approximately 40,000 square feet of office space, was purchased for approximately $6,000,000 and subsequently built out and furnished for an additional cost of approximately $5,500,000.  This facility will meet our growth requirements for the foreseeable future.  Our prior headquarters, an 18,000 square foot location in Batavia, Illinois, remains under an operating lease until May 31, 2009.  We have no plans to renew this lease.

 
10

 

ITEM 3 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are from time to time involved in litigation incidental to our business.  We are not currently involved in any litigation in which we believe an adverse outcome would have a material effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations, or prospects.

ITEM 4 - SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

During the fourth quarter of 2008, no matters were submitted to a vote of security holders.

 
11

 
 
PART II
 
ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market

Fuel Tech's Common Shares have been traded since September 1993 on The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc.  The trading symbol is FTEK.

Prices

The table below sets forth the high and low sales prices during each calendar quarter since January 2007.

2008
 
High
   
Low
 
Fourth Quarter
  $ 18.95     $ 6.05  
Third Quarter
    24.76       14.52  
Second Quarter
    27.16       17.55  
First Quarter
    22.94       14.15  

2007
 
High
   
Low
 
Fourth Quarter
  $ 34.48     $ 16.89  
Third Quarter
    35.85       20.65  
Second Quarter
    38.20       21.65  
First Quarter
    29.68       22.54  

Dividends

Fuel Tech has never paid cash dividends on its common stock and has no current plan to do so in the foreseeable future. The declaration and payment of dividends on the Common Stock are subject to the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors.  The decision of the Board of Directors to pay future dividends will depend on general business conditions, the effect of a dividend payment on our financial condition, and other factors the Board of Directors may consider relevant.  The current policy of the Company’s Board of Directors is to reinvest earnings in operations to promote future growth.

Share Repurchase Program

Fuel Tech purchased no equity securities during the quarter and year ended December 31, 2008.

Holders

Based on information from the Company’s Transfer Agent and from banks and brokers, the Company estimates that, as of February 24, 2009, there were approximately 24,000 beneficial holders and 277 registered stockholders of Fuel Tech’s Common Shares.

Transfer Agent

The Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Common Shares is BNY Mellon Shareowner Services, 480 Washington Boulevard, Jersey City, New Jersey 07310-1900.

 
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Performance Graph

The following line graph compares (i) Fuel Tech’s total return to stockholders per share of Common Stock for the five years ended December 31, 2008 to that of (ii) the NASDAQ Composite index, and (iii) the WilderHill Clean Energy Index for the period December 31, 2003 through December 31, 2008.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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ITEM 6 - SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Selected financial data are presented below as of the end of and for each of the fiscal years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2008.  The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this report and the schedules thereto.

   
For the years ended December 31,
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT of
OPERATIONS DATA
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
   
2004
 
(in thousands of dollars, except for share and per-share data)
                             
                                         
Revenues
  $ 81,074     $ 80,297     $ 75,115     $ 52,928     $ 30,832  
Cost of sales
    44,345       42,471       38,429       27,118       16,566  
Selling, general and administrative and other costs and expenses
    30,112       27,087       25,953       18,655       14,130  
Operating income
    6,617       10,739       10,733       7,155       136  
Net income
    3,602       7,243       6,826       7,588       1,572  
                                         
Basic income per Common Share
  $ 0.15     $ 0.33     $ 0.32     $ 0.38     $ 0.08  
Diluted income  per Common Share
  $ 0.15     $ 0.29     $ 0.28     $ 0.33     $ 0.07  
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding
    23,608,000       22,280,000       21,491,000       20,043,000       19,517,000  
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding
    24,590,000       24,720,000       24,187,000       23,066,000       22,155,000  

   
December 31
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
   
2004
 
                               
(in thousands of dollars)
                             
                               
Working capital
  $ 44,346     $ 45,143     $ 38,715     $ 19,590     $ 11,292  
Total assets
    88,873       87,214       65,660       44,075       23,828  
Long-term obligations
    1,389       1,255       500       448       505  
Total liabilities
    15,056       23,975       18,005       14,939       4,873  
Stockholders' equity (1)
    73,817       63,239       47,655       29,136       18,955  

Notes:

(1)
Stockholders’ equity includes principal amount of nil coupon non-redeemable perpetual loan notes.  See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.

 
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ITEM 7 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Background

Fuel Tech, Inc. (“Fuel Tech”) has two broad technology segments that provide advanced engineering solutions to meet the pollution control, efficiency improvement and operational optimization needs of energy-related facilities worldwide.  They are as follows:

Air Pollution Control Technologies

The Air Pollution Control technology segment focuses primarily on nitrogen oxide (“NOx”) emission reductions in flue gas from boilers, incinerators, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources and includes the NOxOUT, NOxOUT CASCADE, GSG,  NOxOUT ULTRA and NOxOUT-SCR processes.  Fuel Tech distributes its products through its direct sales force, licensees and agents.

FUEL CHEM Technologies

The FUEL CHEM technology segment uses chemical processes, including TIFI Targeted In-Furnace Injection technology, to control slagging, fouling and corrosion, as well as the formation of sulfur trioxide, ammonium bisulfate, particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), carbon dioxide, NOx and unburned carbon in fly ash in furnaces and boilers.  Fuel Tech sells its FUEL CHEM program through its direct sales force and agents to industrial and utility power-generation facilities.  At December 31, 2008, FUEL CHEM programs were operating on over 95 combustion units around the world, treating a wide variety of solid and liquid fuels, including coal, heavy oil, biomass and municipal waste.  The FUEL CHEM program improves the efficiency, reliability and environmental status of plants operating in the electric utility, industrial, pulp and paper, waste-to-energy, university and district heating markets and offers numerous operational, financial and environmental benefits to owners of boilers, furnaces and other combustion units.

The key market dynamic for both technology segments is the continued use of fossil fuels, especially coal, as the principal fuel source for global electricity production.  Coal accounts for approximately 50% of all U.S. electricity generation.  Coal’s share of global electricity generation is forecast to be approximately 45% by 2030.  Major coal consumers include China, the United States and India.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require us to make estimates and assumptions.  We believe that of our accounting policies (see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements), the following involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity and are deemed critical.  We routinely discuss our critical accounting policies with the Company’s Audit Committee.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from the sales of chemical products are recorded when title transfers, either at the point of shipment or at the point of destination, depending on the contract with the customer.

Fuel Tech uses the percentage of completion method of accounting for equipment construction and license contracts that are sold within the Air Pollution Control technology segment.  Under the percentage of completion method, revenues are recognized as work is performed based on the relationship between actual construction costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion.  Revisions in completion estimates and contract values in the period in which the facts giving rise to the revisions become known can influence the timing of when revenues are recognized under the percentage of completion method of accounting.  Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined.  As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, Fuel Tech had no construction contracts in progress that were identified as loss contracts.

Fuel Tech’s APC contracts are typically six to twelve months in length.  A typical contract will have three or four critical operational measurements  that, when achieved, serve as the basis for us to invoice the customer via progress billings.  At a minimum, these measurements will include the generation of engineering drawings, the shipment of equipment and the completion of a system performance test.

As part of most of its contractual project agreements, Fuel Tech will agree to customer-specific acceptance criteria that relate to the operational performance of the system that is being sold.  These criteria are determined based on mathematical modeling that is performed by Fuel Tech personnel, which is based on operational inputs that are provided by the customer.  The customer will warrant that these operational inputs are accurate as they are specified in the binding contractual agreement.  Further, the customer is solely responsible for the accuracy of the operating condition information; all performance guarantees and equipment warranties granted by us are void if the operating condition information is inaccurate or is not met.
 
15

 
 
Accounts receivable includes unbilled receivables, representing revenues recognized in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts under the percentage of completion method of accounting.  At December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, unbilled receivables were approximately $5,552 and $16,813, respectively.  Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were $1,223 and $821 at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.  Such amounts are included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
 
Fuel Tech has installed over 450 units with the technology and has never failed to meet a performance guarantee when the customer has provided the required operating conditions for the project.  As part of the project implementation process, we perform system start-up and optimization services that effectively serve as a test of actual project performance.  We believe that this test, combined with the accuracy of the modeling that is performed, enables revenue to be recognized prior to the receipt of formal customer acceptance.
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

In order to control and monitor the credit risk associated with our customer base, we review the credit worthiness of customers on a recurring basis.  Factors influencing the level of scrutiny include the level of business the customer has with Fuel Tech, the customer’s payment history and the customer’s financial stability.  Representatives of our management team review all past due accounts on a weekly basis to assess collectibility.  At the end of each reporting period, the allowance for doubtful accounts balance is reviewed relative to management’s collectibility assessment and is adjusted if deemed necessary.  Our historical credit loss has been insignificant.

Assessment of Potential Impairments of Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
Effective January 1, 2002, Fuel Tech adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (SFAS 142).  Under the guidance of this statement, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are no longer amortized, but rather are required to be reviewed annually or more frequently if indicators arise, for impairment.  The evaluation of impairment involves comparing the current fair value of the business to the carrying value.  Fuel Tech uses a discounted cash flow (DCF) model to determine the current fair value of its two reporting units.  A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market share, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce and working capital changes.  Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated.  However, actual fair values that could be realized in an actual transaction may differ from those used to evaluate the impairment of goodwill.
 
Fuel Tech reviews other intangible assets, which include customer lists and relationships, covenants not to compete, patent assets and acquired technologies, for impairment on a recurring basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  In the event the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded.  Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the estimates of future cash flows are made, however, the actual cash values that could be realized may differ from those that are estimated.
 
Based upon the nature of the goodwill and other intangible assets recorded on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company believes that, in order for an impairment to occur, a series of material prolonged negative economic events would have to occur.  These events would most likely be seen in economic indicators such as suppressed consolidated revenues or Common Stock price, reduced cash flows or declining APC order backlog.
 
Valuation Allowance for Deferred Income Taxes
 
Deferred tax assets represent deductible temporary differences and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.  A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.  At the end of each reporting period, Fuel Tech reviews the realizability of the deferred tax assets.  As part of this review, we consider if there are taxable temporary differences that could generate taxable income in the future, if there is the ability to carry back the net operating losses or credits, if there is a projection of future taxable income, and if there are any tax planning strategies that can be readily implemented.
 
Stock-Based Compensation

Fuel Tech recognizes compensation expense for employee equity awards ratably over the requisite service period of the award.  We utilize the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of awards.  Determining the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes model requires judgment, including estimates for (1) risk-free interest rate – an estimate based on the yield of zero–coupon treasury securities with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option; (2) expected volatility – an estimate based on the historical volatility of Fuel Tech’s Common Stock for a period equal to the expected life of the option; and (3) expected life of the option – an estimate based on historical experience including the effect of employee terminations.  If any of these assumptions differ significantly from actual, stock-based compensation expense could be impacted.
 
16

 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS 157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information.  This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.  On February 14, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS No. 157-1 “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement Under Statement 13” (SFAS 157-1) that amends SFAS 157 to exclude its application for purposes of lease classification or measurement under SFAS 13.  On February 12, 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position Financial Accounting Standard (FSP FAS) No. 157-2 “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (FSP 157-2) that amends SFAS 157 to delay the effective date for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008.  The Company adopted the required provisions of SFAS 157-1 effective January 1, 2008 and there was no material effect on its consolidated financial statements. The Company has adopted FSP 157-2 to delay the adoption effects related to non-financial assets and does not anticipate there will be a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.  In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset in a Market That Is Not Active.”  The FSP was effective upon issuance, including periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The FSP clarified the application of SFAS 157 in an inactive market and provided an illustrative example to demonstrate how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive.  The adoption of this FSP FAS 157-3 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (SFAS 141R). SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141R also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption of SFAS 141R on its consolidated financial statements. However, the Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 141R to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets (“FSP No. FAS 142-3”). FSP No. FAS 142-3 requires companies estimating the useful life of a recognized intangible asset to consider their historical experience in renewing or extending similar arrangements or, in the absence of historical experience, to consider assumptions that market participants would use about renewal or extension as adjusted for SFAS 142’s, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, entity-specific factors. FSP No. FAS 142-3 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption of FSP No. FAS 142-3 on its consolidated financial statements. However, the Company does not expect the adoption of FSP No. FAS 142-3 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (SFAS 162).  SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. SFAS 162 becomes effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.”  The Company does not expect that the adoption of SFAS 162 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
 
17


2008 versus 2007

Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $81,074 and $80,297, respectively.  The year-over-year increase of $777, or 1%, was driven by a 13% increase in revenues from the FUEL CHEM technology segment that were largely offset by a modest revenue decline in the APC technology segment.

Revenues for the APC technology segment were $44,393 for the year ended December 31, 2008, a decrease of $3,357, or 7%, versus 2007.  The global financial crisis and the vacatur of the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) in July 2008 (subsequently remanded in December 2008) had a negative effect on segment revenues and APC order backlog.  This segment is well positioned to capitalize on CAIR - the next phase of increasingly stringent U.S. air quality standards - which is effective January 1, 2009, and the Clean Air Visibility Rule (CAVR), which is effective January 1, 2013.  Thousands of utility and industrial boilers will be impacted by these regulations and Fuel Tech’s technologies will serve as an important element in enabling utility and industrial boiler unit owners to attain compliance.  During 2008, Fuel Tech announced new contracts valued at approximately $21,000.

Revenues for the FUEL CHEM technology segment were $36,681 for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $4,134, or 13%, versus 2007.  This segment’s growth is indicative of the continued market acceptance of Fuel Tech’s patented TIFI Targeted In-Furnace Injection technology, particularly on coal-fired units, which represent the largest market opportunity for the technology, both domestically and abroad.  During 2008, Fuel Tech added 15 new units to its customer base, 13 of which were coal-fired units, the largest annual total in the Company’s history.  Historically, most demonstrations convert into commercial accounts.

Cost of sales for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $44,345 and $42,471, respectively.  Cost of sales as a percentage of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was 54% and 53%, respectively.  The 2008 cost of sales percentage for the APC technology segment increased to 55% from 54% in 2007.  The increase is attributable to the mix of project business.  The 2008 cost of sales percentage for the FUEL CHEM technology segment increased to 55% in 2008 from 51% in 2007.  The increase is due to costs associated with demonstration periods and other related start-up activities for the record number of incremental units noted above, especially for the demonstrations in India and China where the Company bore a significantly higher portion of the costs versus typical demonstrations in the United States.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $28,012 and $24,950, respectively.  The $3,062 increase over 2007 is principally attributable to the following:

-
Fuel Tech recorded $5,815 in stock compensation expense in 2008 in accordance with SFAS 123(R), as discussed in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.  This amount represented a $1,024 increase over 2007, attributable to stock option awards to Directors and certain Fuel Tech employees in 2008 and the on-going expense recognition related to stock options awarded in prior years.

-
Fuel Tech invested approximately $2,000 in personnel and other costs, including expenses associated with the start-up of the Company’s Beijing, China office, in the areas of Engineering, Sales, Marketing and Administration to ensure the Company’s financial and operational infrastructure are able to accommodate anticipated future growth.

-
Partially offsetting this unfavorable variance was a reduction in annual incentive expenses of $1,500 as the minimum income threshold for the year ended December 31, 2008 was not met and, thus, no 2008 bonus payments were made under the Company’s incentive plan.

Research and development expenses were $2,100 and $2,137 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  Fuel Tech has established a more focused approach in the pursuit of commercial applications for its technologies outside of its traditional markets, and in the development and analysis of new technologies that could represent incremental market opportunities.

Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2008 decreased by $893 versus 2007 due to decreases in the interest rates paid by institutions with whom the Company’s investments were located.   Further, Fuel Tech recorded interest expense of $135 in 2008 related specifically to a short-term credit facility that was used to support the start-up of Fuel Tech’s office in Beijing, China.  Finally, the change in other income / (expense) is due largely to the impact of foreign exchange rates related to balances denominated in foreign currencies.
 
18

 
For the year ended December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech recorded tax expense of $3,305.  For the year ended December 31, 2007, Fuel Tech recorded tax expense of $5,187 that predominantly represented deferred tax expense related to taxable income recognized in 2007.
 
2007 versus 2006

Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were $80,297 and $75,115, respectively.  The year-over-year increase of $5,182, or 7%, predominantly reflects moderate increases in both technology segments.

Revenues for the APC technology segment were $47,750 for the year ended December 31, 2007, an increase of $1,296 , or 3%, versus 2006.  This segment is positioned well to capitalize on the next phase of increasingly stringent U.S. air quality standards.  With the compliance for the EPA’s SIP Call regulation beginning to wind down, utilities and industrial facilities across the country are planning for compliance with the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) and the Clean Air Visibility Rule (CAVR), which take effect in 2009 and 2013, respectively.  Thousands of utility and industrial boilers will be impacted by these regulations and Fuel Tech’s technologies will serve as an important element in enabling utility and industrial boiler unit owners to attain compliance.  In 2007, Fuel Tech announced new contracts valued at $60 million, which exceeded the previous annual record by almost 40%.

Revenues for the FUEL CHEM technology segment were $32,547 in 2007, an increase of $3,886, or 14%, over 2006.  This segment’s growth is indicative of the continued market acceptance of Fuel Tech’s patented TIFI Targeted In-Furnace Injection technology, particularly on coal-fired units, which represent the largest market opportunity for the technology, both domestically and abroad.  In 2007, Fuel Tech added 10 new coal-fired units to its customer base, the largest annual total in the Company’s history.

Cost of sales for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $42,471 and $38,429, respectively.  Cost of sales as a percentage of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was 53% and 51%, respectively.  The cost of sales percentage for 2007 for the APC technology segment decreased to 54% from 57% in 2006.  The decrease is attributable to the mix of project business.  For the FUEL CHEM technology segment, the cost of sales percentage increased to 51% in 2007 from 42% in 2006.  The increase is due to start-up costs related to the incremental units noted above, without the realization of related revenues as only two of the 10 new units contributed significant revenues during 2007 due to customer-related delays impacting the timing of startup.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were $24,950 and $23,901, respectively.  The $1,049 increase over 2006 is principally attributable to the following:

-
Fuel Tech recorded $4,791 in stock compensation expense in 2007 in accordance with Statement 123(R), as discussed in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.  This amount represented a $2,986 increase over 2006 attributable to the awarding of stock options to all Fuel Tech employees in December 2006 and to an increase in the fair value of the options granted, which was driven by an increase in the price of Fuel Tech’s Common Stock.

-
Partially offsetting this unfavorable variance was a reduction in revenue-related expenses of $2,100 as Fuel Tech aligned the focus of all employees under a common incentive plan in 2007.

Research and development expenses were $2,137 and $2,052 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.  Fuel Tech has established a more focused approach in the pursuit of commercial applications for its technologies outside of its traditional markets, and in the development and analysis of new technologies that could represent incremental market opportunities.

Interest income increased by $623 over 2006 reflecting higher average cash and short-term investment balances.  Further, Fuel Tech recorded interest expense of $24 in 2007 related specifically to a short-term credit facility that was used to support the start-up of Fuel Tech’s new office in Beijing, China.  Finally, the moderate increase in other income is due largely to foreign exchange gains related to balances denominated in foreign currencies.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, Fuel Tech recorded tax expense of $5,187, which predominantly represents deferred tax expense related to taxable income recognized in 2007.  For the year ended December 31, 2006, Fuel Tech recorded tax expense of $4,942, also representing deferred tax expense related to taxable income.
 
Liquidity and Sources of Capital

At December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $28,149 and working capital of $44,346 versus $32,471 and $45,143 at December 31, 2007, respectively.  Operating activities provided $8,047 of cash for the year ended December 31, 2008, primarily due to the favorable operating results of the business segments.  
 
Investing activities used cash of $11,769 for the year ended December 31, 2008, primarily for expenditures related to our new corporate headquarters building to support and enhance the operations of the business of $5,200, the acquisition funding for substantially all of the assets of Tackticks, LLC and FlowTack, LLC of $3,928 and the remainder used principally for equipment related to the FUEL CHEM technology segment.   Capital expenditures, which typically consist of equipment related to FUEL CHEM demonstration programs or commercial installations, are expected to be funded primarily from cash flows from operations.  Other than the outfitting of the new corporate headquarters building in 2008, the Company has historically incurred a nominal amount of maintenance capital expenditures.
 
Fuel Tech generated cash from financing activities in the amount of $1,377.  Of this amount, $619 represents proceeds derived from the exercise price of options and warrants exercised in 2008, while $548 represents the excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock options in 2008.
 
19

 
Fuel Tech has a domestic $25.0 million revolving credit facility expiring July 31, 2009.  The facility is unsecured and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 75 basis points.  Fuel Tech can use this facility for cash advances and standby letters of credit.

At December 31, 2008, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees, predominantly to customers, totaling approximately $5,865 in connection with contracts in process.  Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments.  At December 31, 2008, there were no cash borrowings under the revolving credit facility and approximately $19,135 was available.  Management has met with the Company’s lending institutions and, during the course of those meetings, was not made aware of any information indicating that they will not be able to perform their obligations for any letters of credit or guarantees issued, nor be unable to supply funds to Fuel Tech if the Company chooses to borrow funds under its two revolving credit facilities.

Beijing Fuel Tech Environmental Technologies Company, Ltd. (Beijing Fuel Tech), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fuel Tech, entered into a revolving credit facility agreement during the third quarter of 2007 for RMB 35 million (approximately $4.8 million), which expires on July 31, 2009.  The facility is unsecured and bears interest at a rate of 90% of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Base Rate.  Beijing Fuel Tech can use this facility for cash advances and bank guarantees.  At December 31, 2008, Beijing Fuel Tech had borrowings outstanding in the amount $2,188.

Interest payments in the amount of $135 and $24 were made during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  No payments were made during the year ended December 31, 2006.

In the opinion of management, Fuel Tech’s expected near-term revenue growth will be driven by the timing of penetration of the coal-fired utility marketplace via utilization of its TIFI technology, by utility and industrial entities’ adherence to the NOx reduction requirements of the various domestic environmental regulations, and by the expansion of both business segments in non-U.S. geographies.  Fuel Tech expects its liquidity requirements to be met by the operating results generated from these activities.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

In its normal course of business, Fuel Tech enters into agreements that obligate Fuel Tech to make future payments.  The operating lease obligations noted below are primarily related to supporting the operations of the business.
 
Payments due by period in thousands of dollars
 
Contractual Cash
Obligations
 
Total
   
Less than 1
year
   
2-3 years
   
4-5 years
   
Thereafter
 
Operating Leases
  $ 1,720     $ 663     $ 527     $ 468     $ 62  
 
Beijing Fuel Tech Environmental Technologies Company, Ltd. (Beijing Fuel Tech), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fuel Tech, entered into a revolving credit facility agreement during the third quarter of 2007 for RMB 35 million (approximately $4.8 million), which expires on July 31, 2009.  The facility is unsecured and bears interest at a rate of 90% of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Base Rate.  Beijing Fuel Tech can use this facility for cash advances and bank guarantees.  At December 31, 2008, Beijing Fuel Tech had borrowings outstanding in the amount $2,188 as noted in the table below.
 
Commitment expiration by period in thousands of dollars
 
Commercial
Commitments
 
Total
   
Less than 1
year
   
2-3 years
   
4-5 years
   
Thereafter
 
Short-term debt
  $ 2,188     $ 2,188     $ -     $ -     $ -  

For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, Fuel Tech incurred interest expense related to the Beijing Fuel Tech short-term debt of $135 and $24, respectively.  We cannot estimate the fiscal 2009 interest expense for this short-term debt as the debt may be repaid at any time during fiscal 2009.

Fuel Tech, in the normal course of business, uses bank performance guarantees and letters of credit in support of construction contracts with customers as follows:

 
-
in support of the warranty period defined in the contract; or
 
-
in support of the system performance criteria that are defined in the contract.
 
20

 
In addition, Fuel Tech uses letters of credit as security for other obligations as needed in the normal course of business.  As of December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had outstanding bank performance guarantees and letters of credit as noted in the table below:
 
Commitment expiration by period in thousands of dollars
 
Commercial
Commitments
 
Total
   
Less than 1 year
   
2-3 years
   
4-5 years
   
Thereafter
 
Standby letters of credit and bank guarantees
  $ 5,865     $ 1,794     $ 3,388     $ 683     $ -  

 
The following table summarizes Fuel Tech’s FIN 48 obligations as of December 31, 2008.  Please refer to N ote 3 to the consolidated financial statements in this document for a description of our FIN 48 obligations.
 
Commitment expiration by period in thousands of dollars
 
Commercial
Commitments
 
Total
   
Less than 1 year
   
2-3 years
   
4-5 years
   
Thereafter
 
FIN 48 Obligations
  $ 713     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 713  
 
Off-Balance-Sheet Transactions

There were no off-balance-sheet transactions during the two-year period ended Decmeber 31, 2008.
 
Subsequent Events

On January 5, 2009 Fuel Tech completed its acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc. and is currently in the process of allocating the purchase price to the fair market values of acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities as of January 6, 2009.
 
21

 
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Fuel Tech’s earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.  We do not enter into foreign currency forward contracts or into foreign currency option contracts to manage this risk due to the immaterial nature of the transactions involved.

Fuel Tech is also exposed to changes in interest rates primarily due to its long-term debt arrangement (refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements).  A hypothetical 100 basis point adverse move in interest rates along the entire interest rate yield curve would not have a materially adverse effect on interest expense during the upcoming year ended December 31, 2009.
 
22

 
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
Report Of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
 Fuel Tech, Inc.

We have audited Fuel Tech, Inc (a Delaware corporation) and Subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
In our opinion, Fuel Tech and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria   established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, and our report dated March 5, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
 
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Chicago, Illinois
March 5, 2009
 
23

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Fuel Tech, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Fuel Tech, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008.  These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Fuel Tech, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 5, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effective operation of internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Chicago, Illinois
March 5, 2009
 
24

 
Fuel Tech, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands of dollars, except share and per-share data)

   
2008
   
2007
 
December 31
           
             
ASSETS
           
Current assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 28,149     $ 30,473  
Short-term investments
    -       1,998  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $80 and $150, respectively
    23,365       31,856  
Inventories
    1,014       186  
Deferred income taxes
    767       1,589  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    4,718       1,761  
Total current assets
    58,013       67,863  
                 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $12,588 and $10,091, respectively
    17,515       11,302  
Goodwill
    5,158       2,119  
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $1,504 and $1,320, respectively
    2,543       1,088  
Deferred income taxes
    2,412       2,552  
Other assets
    3,232       2,290  
Total assets
  $ 88,873     $ 87,214  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities:
               
Short-term debt
  $ 2,188     $ 2,051  
Accounts payable
    8,196       13,632  
Accrued liabilities:
               
Employee compensation
    510       2,304  
Other accrued liabilities
    2,773       4,733  
Total current liabilities
    13,667       22,720  
                 
Other liabilities
    1,389       1,255  
Total liabilities
    15,056       23,975  
                 
Stockholders' equity:
               
Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 24,110,967 and 22,410,064 shares issued, respectively
    241       224  
Additional paid-in capital
    118,588       111,459  
Accumulated deficit
    (45,280 )     (48,882 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    187       166  
Nil coupon perpetual loan notes
    81       272  
Total stockholders' equity
    73,817       63,239  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
  $ 88,873     $ 87,214  

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
25

 
Fuel Tech, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands of dollars, except share and per-share data)

   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
For the years ended December 31
                 
                   
Revenues
  $ 81,074     $ 80,297     $ 75,115  
                         
Costs and expenses:
                       
Cost of sales
    44,345       42,471       38,429  
Selling, general and administrative
    28,012       24,950       23,901  
Research and development
    2,100       2,137       2,052  
      74,457       69,558       64,382  
Operating income
    6,617       10,739       10,733  
                         
Interest expense
    (135 )     (24 )     -  
Interest income
    741       1,634       1,011  
Other income (expense)
    (226 )     81       24  
Income before taxes
    6,997       12,430       11,768  
Income taxes
    (3,395 )     (5,187 )     (4,942 )
Net income
  $ 3,602     $ 7,243     $ 6,826  
                         
Net income per Common Share:
                       
Basic
  $ 0.15     $ 0.33     $ 0.32  
Diluted
  $ 0.15     $ 0.29     $ 0.28  
                         
Weighted-average number of Common Shares outstanding:
                       
Basic
    23,608,000       22,280,000       21,491,000  
Diluted
    24,590,000       24,720,000       24,187,000  

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
26

 
Fuel Tech, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands of dollars or thousand of shares, as appropriate)
   
Common Stock
   
Additional
Paid-in
   
Accumulated
   
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
   
Treasury Stock
   
Nil Coupon
Perpetual
       
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Capital
   
Deficit
   
Income (Loss)
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Loan Notes
   
Total
 
                                                       
Balance at January 1, 2006
    20,424     $ 204     $ 91,559     $ (62,870 )   $ (39 )     -     $ -     $ 282     $ 29,136  
                                                                         
Comprehensive income:
                                                                       
Net income
                            6,826                                       6,826  
Foreign  currency translation adjustments
                                    118                               118  
Comprehensive income
                                                                    6,944  
Exercise of stock options and warrants
    1,662       17       3,809                                               3,826  
Conversion of nil coupon perpetual loan notes into Common Shares
    1               5                                       (5 )     -  
Tax benefit from stock compensation expense
                    5,944                                               5,944  
Stock compensation expense
                    1,805                                               1,805  
Balance at December 31, 2006
    22,087     $ 221     $ 103,122     $ (56,044 )   $ 79       -     $ -     $ 277     $ 47,655  
                                                                         
Comprehensive income:
                                                                       
Net income
                            7,243                                       7,243  
Foreign  currency translation adjustments
                                    87                               87  
Comprehensive income
                                                                    7,330  
Exercise of stock options and warrants
    322       3       909                                               912  
Conversion of nil coupon perpetual loan notes into Common Shares
    1               5                                       (5 )     -  
Effect of FIN 48 adoption
                            (81 )                                     (81 )
Tax benefit from stock compensation expense
                    1,482                                               1,482  
Stock compensation expense
                    4,791                                               4,791  
Issuance of deferred shares of stock
                    1,150                                               1,150  
Balance at December 31, 2007
    22,410     $ 224     $ 111,459     $ (48,882 )   $ 166       -     $ -     $ 272     $ 63,239  
                                                                         
Comprehensive income:
                                                                       
Net income
                            3,602                                       3,602  
Foreign  currency translation adjustments
                                    21                               21  
Comprehensive income
                                                                    3,623  
Exercise of stock  options and warrants
    1,657       17       602                                               619  
Conversion of nil coupon perpetual loan notes into Common Shares
    44               191                                       (191 )     -  
Tax benefit from stock compensation expense
                    548                                               548  
Stock compensation expense
                    5,815                                               5,815  
Issuance of deferred shares of stock                     73                                               73  
 Reclassification of liability award
                    (100 )                                             (100 )
Balance at December 31, 2008
    24,111     $ 241     $ 118,588     $ (45,280 )   $ 187       -     $ -     $ 81     $ 73,817  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
27

 
Fuel Tech, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands of dollars)

   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
For the years ended December 31
                 
                   
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                 
Net income
  $ 3,602     $ 7,243     $ 6,826  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
    Depreciation
    2,810       2,353       1,961  
    Amortization
    184       115       118  
    Effect of FIN 48 adoption
    -       (81 )     -  
    Loss on equipment disposals/impaired assets
    35       18       -  
    Deferred income tax
    962       1,716       (1,235 )
    Stock compensation expense
    5,815       4,791       1,805  
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
       Accounts receivable
    8,491       (15,132 )     (3,491 )
       Inventories
    (828 )     17       155  
       Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other noncurrent assets
    (3,899 )     (906 )     (1,046 )
      Accounts payable
    (5,436 )     6,000       1,139  
      Accrued liabilities and other noncurrent liabilities
    (3,720 )     (2,081 )     1,927  
      Other
    31       46       -  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    8,047       4,099       8,159  
                         
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                       
   Proceeds from sales of short-term investments
    1,998       6,002       -  
   Purchases of short-term investments
    -       -       (2,000 )
   Purchases of property, equipment and patents
    (9,839 )     (9,715 )     (2,017 )
   Acquisition of businesses
    (3,928 )     -       -  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (11,769 )     (3,713 )     (4,017 )
                         
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                       
     Proceeds from short-term borrowings
    137       2,051       -  
     Issuance of deferred shares
    73       1,150       -  
     Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants
    619       912       3,826  
     Excess tax benefit for stock-based compensation
    548       1,482       5,944  
Net cash provided by financing activities
    1,377       5,595       9,770  
                         
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash
    21       87       118  
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (2,324 )     6,068       14,030  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    30,473       24,405       10,375  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  $ 28,149     $ 30,473     $ 24,405  
                         
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
                       
     Cash paid for:
                       
          Interest
  $ 135     $ 24     $ -  
          Income taxes paid
  $ 5,905     $ 173     $ 217  

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
28

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in thousands of dollars, except share and per-share data)

1.
ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization

Fuel Tech is a company that provides advanced engineering solutions for the optimization of combustion systems in utility and industrial applications.  Fuel Tech’s primary focus is on the worldwide marketing and sale of its NOx reduction technologies as well as its FUEL CHEM program.  The Company’s NOx reduction technologies reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from boilers, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources.  Our FUEL CHEM program is based on proprietary TIFI Targeted In-Furnace Injection technology in the unique application of specialty chemicals to improve the efficiency, reliability and environmental status of combustion units by controlling slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity and acid plume, as well as the formation of sulfur trioxide, ammonium bisulfate, particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), carbon dioxide, NOx and unburned carbon in fly ash via the addition of chemicals into the boiler.  Our business is materially dependent on the continued existence and enforcement of air quality regulations, particularly in the United States.  We have expended significant resources in the research and development of new technologies in building our proprietary portfolio of air pollution control, fuel and boiler treatment chemicals, computer modeling and advanced visualization technologies.

International revenues were $12,641, $12,763 and $17,487 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.  These amounts represented 16%, 16% and 23% of Fuel Tech’s total revenues for the respective periods of time.  Foreign currency changes did not have a material impact on the calculation of these percentages.   Fuel Tech has foreign offices in Beijing, China and in Gallarate, Italy.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Fuel Tech and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  The Company uses estimates in accounting for, among other items, revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, income tax provisions and warranty expenses.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair value due to their short-term nature.  The carrying amount of our short-term debt, revolving line of credit and notes approximates fair value because the majority of the amounts outstanding accrue interest at variable rates.

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Fuel Tech includes cash and investments having an original maturity of three months or less at the time of acquisition in cash and cash equivalents.  Short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments having an original maturity of greater than three months which are recorded at cost, and have been classified as available for sale securities.  Fuel Tech has never incurred realized or unrealized holding gains or losses on these securities.  Income resulting from short-term investments is recorded as interest income.

Foreign Currency Risk Management

Fuel Tech's earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.  We do not enter into foreign currency forward contracts or into foreign currency option contracts to manage this risk due to the immaterial nature of the transactions involved.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable includes unbilled receivables, representing costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts under the percentage of completion method.   At December 31, 2008 and 2007, unbilled receivables were approximately $5,552 and $16,813 respectively.
 
29

 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

In order to control and monitor the credit risk associated with our customer base, we review the credit worthiness of customers on a recurring basis.  Factors influencing the level of scrutiny include the level of business the customer has with Fuel Tech, the customer’s payment history and the customer’s financial stability.  Representatives of our management team review all past due accounts on a weekly basis to assess collectibility.  At the end of each reporting period, the allowance for doubtful accounts balance is reviewed relative to management’s collectibility assessment and is adjusted if deemed necessary.  Our historical credit loss has been insignificant.   The table below sets forth the components of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for the years ended December 31.

Year
 
Balance at
January 1
   
Charged to costs
and expenses
   
(Deductions)/Other
   
Balance at
December 31
 
2006
  $ 150       -       -     $ 150  
2007
  $ 150       -       -     $ 150  
2008
  $ 150       -     $ (70 )   $ 80  
 
Translation of Foreign Currency

Assets and liabilities of consolidated foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at year end. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year.  Gains or losses on foreign currency transactions and the related tax effects are reflected in net income. The resulting translation adjustments are included in stockholders’ equity as part of accumulated comprehensive income.

Comprehensive Income

Other comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity resulting from transactions from non-owner sources.  Comprehensive income differs from net income due to the effects of foreign currency translation.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.  Research and development projects funded by customer contracts are reported as part of cost of goods sold.  Internally funded research and development expenses are reported as operating expenses.

Product/System Warranty

Fuel Tech typically warrants its air pollution control products and systems against defects in design, materials, and workmanship for one to two years.  A provision for estimated future costs relating to warranty expense is recorded when the products/systems become commercially operational.

Goodwill and Other Intangibles
 
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are reviewed annually or more frequently if indicators arise, for impairment.  The evaluation of impairment involves comparing the current fair value of the business to the carrying value.  Fuel Tech uses a discounted cash flow (DCF) model to determine the current fair value of its two reporting units.  A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including markets and market share, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce and working capital changes.  Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated.  However, actual fair values that could be realized in an actual transaction may differ from those used to evaluate the impairment of goodwill.
 
Fuel Tech allocates goodwill to reporting units based on the relative excess of fair value over carrying value of the reporting units.  Fair value is determined as noted above.  The ratio of each reporting unit’s excess of fair value over carrying value, to the total excess of fair value over carrying value, is used as the basis for the allocation of the goodwill balance.  Our fair value measurement test, performed annually as of October 1, revealed no indications of impairment.
 
Included with other intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheet are third-party costs related to the development of patents.  As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the net patent asset balance was $249 and $199, respectively.  The third-party costs capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $60 and $53, respectively.  Third-party costs are comprised of legal fees that relate to the review and preparation of patent disclosures and filing fees incurred to present the patents to the required governing body.
 
30

 
Fuel Tech’s intellectual property has been the primary building block for the Air Pollution Control and FUEL CHEM technology segments.  The patents are essential to the generation of revenue for our businesses and are essential to protect us from competition in the markets in which it serves.  These costs are being amortized on the straight-line method over a period of 10 years from the date of patent issuance.  Patent maintenance fees are charged to operations as incurred.
 
Fuel Tech reviews other intangible assets, which include customer lists and relationships, covenants not to compete, patent assets and acquired technologies, for impairment on a recurring basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  In the event the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded.  Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the estimates of future cash flows are made, however, the actual cash values that could be realized may differ from those that are estimated.  For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 the impact of impairment losses was $0, $7 and $0, respectively.  Such amounts are recorded in the “Research and development” line item in the consolidated statements of income.
 
The table below shows the amortization period and other intangible asset cost by intangible asset as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the accumulated amortization and net intangible asset value in total for all other intangible assets.

   
Amortization
     
Description of Other Intangible
 
period
 
2008
   
2007
 
Customer list
 
3-15 years
  $ 1,548     $ 1,198  
Patent asset
 
10 years
    1,170       1,110  
Covenant not to compete
 
5-6 years
    336       100  
Technologies
 
3-8 years
    603       -  
Miscellaneous
 
3-7 years
    390       -  
Total cost
        4,047     $ 2,408  
Less accumulated amortization
        (1,504 )     (1,320 )
Total net intangible asset value
      $ 2,543     $ 1,088  

The estimated amortization expense related to Fuel Tech’s intangible assets is expected to approximate $300 per year for the four-year period ending December 31, 2012, and $200 for the year ending December 31, 2013.

Property and Equipment

Equipment is stated at historical cost.  Provisions for depreciation are computed by the straight-line method, using estimated useful lives.  The table below shows the depreciable life and cost by asset class as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the accumulated depreciation and net book value in total for all classes of assets.

Description of Property and
Equipment
 
Depreciable
life
 
2008
Cost
   
2007
Cost
 
Land
      $ 1,440     $ 1,440  
Building
 
39 years
    4,857       4,857  
Leasehold Improvements
 
3-39 years
    4,719       -  
Field equipment
 
3-4 years
    13,714       10,405  
Computer equipment and software
 
2-3 years
    3,527       2,996  
Furniture and fixtures
 
3-10 years
    1,823       1,673  
Vehicles
 
3 years
    22       22  
Total cost
      $ 30,102     $ 21,393  
Less accumulated depreciation
        (12,587 )     (10,091 )
Total net book value
      $ 17,515     $ 11,302  
 
31

 
Revenue Recognition

Revenues from the sales of chemical products are recorded when title transfers, either at the point of shipment or at the point of destination, depending on the contract with the customer.

Fuel Tech uses the percentage of completion method of accounting for equipment construction and license contracts that are sold within the Air Pollution Control technology segment.  Under the percentage of completion method, revenues are recognized as work is performed based on the relationship between actual construction costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion.  Revisions in completion estimates and contract values in the period in which the facts giving rise to the revisions become known can influence the timing of when revenues are recognized under the percentage of completion method of accounting.  Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined.  As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, Fuel Tech had no construction contracts in progress that were identified as loss contracts.

Distribution Costs

Fuel Tech classifies shipping and handling costs in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.

At the end of each reporting period, for financial statement purposes, Fuel Tech reviews the realizability of the deferred tax assets.  As part of this review, we will consider if there are taxable temporary differences that could generate taxable income in the future, if there is the ability to carryback the net operating losses or credits, if there is a projection of future taxable income, and if there are any tax planning strategies that can be readily implemented.  The table below sets forth the components of the Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets for the years ended December 31.
 
Year
 
Balance at
January 1
   
Charged to costs and expenses
   
(Deductions)/Other
   
Balance at
December 31
 
2006
  $ 45     $ 215       -     $ 260  
2007
  $ 260       -       -     $ 260  
2008
  $ 260       -       -     $ 260  


Stock-Based Compensation

Fuel Tech has a stock-based employee compensation plan, referred to as the Fuel Tech, Inc. Incentive Plan (Incentive Plan), under which awards may be granted to participants in the form of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Performance Awards, Bonuses or other forms of share-based or non-share-based awards or combinations thereof.  Participants in the Incentive Plan may be Fuel Tech’s directors, officers, employees, consultants or advisors (except consultants or advisors in capital-raising transactions) as the directors determine are key to the success of our business. The amount of shares that may be issued or reserved for awards to participants under a 2004 amendment to the Incentive Plan is 12.5% of outstanding shares calculated on a diluted basis.  In 2008, 2007 and 2006, 757,250, 310,500 and 1,094,000 options, respectively, were granted to employees and directors.  At December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had 471,712 stock options available for issuance under the Incentive Plan.

Effective January 1, 2006, Fuel Tech adopted the fair value recognition provisions of FASB Statement No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS 123R) using the modified-prospective transition method.  Under that transition method, compensation cost recognized for the year ended December 31, 2008 includes: (a) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of Statement 123, and (b) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R.  Accordingly, results for prior periods have not been restated.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per share excludes the dilutive effects of stock options and stock warrants and of the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes (see Note 5).  Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes and of in-the-money stock options and stock warrants. The table below sets forth the weighted-average shares used at December 31 in calculating earnings per share:
 
32

 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Basic weighted-average shares
    23,608,000       22,280,000       21,491,000  
Conversion of unsecured loan notes
    43,000       45,000       46,000  
Unexercised options and warrants
    939,000       2,395,000       2,650,000  
Diluted weighted-average shares
    24,590,000       24,720,000       24,187,000  
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS 157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information.  This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.  On February 14, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS No. 157-1 “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement Under Statement 13” (SFAS 157-1) that amends SFAS 157 to exclude its application for purposes of lease classification or measurement under SFAS 13.  On February 12, 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position Financial Accounting Standard (FSP FAS) No. 157-2 “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (FSP 157-2) that amends SFAS 157 to delay the effective date for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008.  The Company adopted the required provisions of SFAS 157-1 effective January 1, 2008 and there was no material effect on its consolidated financial statements. The Company has adopted FSP 157-2 to delay the adoption effects related to non-financial assets and does not anticipate there will be a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.  In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset in a Market That Is Not Active.”  The FSP was effective upon issuance, including periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The FSP clarified the application of SFAS 157 in an inactive market and provided an illustrative example to demonstrate how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive.  The adoption of this FSP FAS 157-3 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (SFAS 141R). SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired.  SFAS 141R also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination.  SFAS 141R is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.  The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption of SFAS 141R on its consolidated financial statements.  However, the Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 141R to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets (“FSP No. FAS 142-3”). FSP No. FAS 142-3 requires companies estimating the useful life of a recognized intangible asset to consider their historical experience in renewing or extending similar arrangements or, in the absence of historical experience, to consider assumptions that market participants would use about renewal or extension as adjusted for SFAS 142’s, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, entity-specific factors. FSP No. FAS 142-3 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.  The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption of FSP No. FAS 142-3 on its consolidated financial statements. However, the Company does not expect the adoption of FSP No. FAS 142-3 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (SFAS 162).  SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. SFAS 162 becomes effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.”  The Company does not expect that the adoption of SFAS 162 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
 
33

 
2.
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS

The status of contracts in progress as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:

   
2008
 
2007
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts
 
$
18,220
   
$
17,050
 
Estimated earnings
   
14,882
     
15,247
 
Earned revenue
   
33,102
     
32,296
 
Less billings to date
   
(28,773)
     
(16,303)
 
Total
 
$
4,330
   
$
15,993
 
Classified as follows:
               
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
 
$
5,552
   
$
16,813
 
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on  uncompleted contracts
   
(1,223)
     
(821)
 
Total
 
$
4,330
   
$
15,993
 

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts are included in accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheet, while billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts are included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, Fuel Tech had no construction contracts in progress that were identified as loss contracts.
 
3.
TAXATION

The components of income (loss) before taxes for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

Origin of income (loss) before taxes
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
United States
  $ 8,353     $ 13,242     $ 13,279  
Foreign
    (1,356 )     (812 )     (1,511 )
Income before taxes
  $ 6,997     $ 12,430     $ 11,768  

Significant components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Current:
                 
Federal
  $ 1,395     $ 1,401     $ 144  
State
    411       588       29  
Other
    (84 )     -       60  
Total current
  $ 1,722     $ 1,989     $ 233  
Deferred:
                       
Federal
    1,612       3,183       4,314  
State
    61       15       180  
Change in valuation allowance
    -       -       215  
Total deferred
    1,673       3,198       4,709  
Income tax expense
  $ 3,395     $ 5,187     $ 4,942  
 
A reconciliation between the provision for income taxes calculated at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the consolidated income tax benefit in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
 
34

 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate
  $ 2,449     $ 4,351     $ 4,119  
State taxes, net of federal benefit
    311       405       187  
Foreign losses without tax benefit
    391       284       588  
Research credits
    (77 )     (63 )     (229 )
Other
    321       210       62  
Valuation allowance adjustment
    -       -       215  
Income tax expense
  $ 3,395     $ 5,187     $ 4,942  

The table below depicts the data above on a percentage basis:

   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate
    35.0 %     35.0 %     35.0 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit
    4.4 %     3.3 %     1.6 %
Foreign losses without tax benefit
    5.6 %     2.3 %     5.0 %
Research credits
    (1.1 )%     (.5 )%     (1.9 )%
Other
    4.6 %     1.6 %     .5 %
Valuation allowance adjustment
    - %     - %     1.8 %
Income tax expense
    48.5 %     41.7 %     42.0 %

The deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31 are as follows:

   
2008
   
2007
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
Stock compensation expense
  $ 4,238     $ 2,306  
Research and development credit
    492       1,302  
Equipment
    -       648  
Alternative minimum tax credit
    275       275  
Warranty reserve
    101       176  
Accounts receivable
    30       57  
Vacation accrual
    45       40  
Deferred rent liability
    49       33  
Effect of FIN 48 adoption
    13       7  
Intangible assets
    11       -  
Net operating loss carryforwards
    84       -  
Total deferred tax assets
    5,338       4,844  
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Equipment
    (975 )     -  
Prepaid expenses
    (361 )     -  
Patents
    (94 )     (76 )
Goodwill
    (469 )     (367 )
Total deferred tax liabilities
    (1,899 )     (443 )
Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance
  $ 3,349     $ 4,401  
Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets
    (260 )     (260 )
Net deferred tax asset
  $ 3,179     $ 4,141  

Net deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded as follows within the consolidated balance sheets:

Current assets
  $ 767     $ 1,589  
Long-term assets
    2,412       2,552  
Net deferred tax asset
  $ 3,179     $ 4,141  

For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, Fuel Tech recorded tax benefits from the exercise of stock options in the amount of $548 and $1,482, respectively.  The amounts were recorded as an increase in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets and as cash from financing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.  With our adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006, all subsequent tax benefits from the exercise of stock options were recorded as cash flows from financing activities.
 
35

 
State and Federal income tax payments during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $5,905, $173 and $217, respectively.
 
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109,” (FIN 48).  FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions that it has taken or expects to take on a tax return.  On January 17, 2007, the FASB affirmed its previous decision to make FIN 48 effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006.  Accordingly, Fuel Tech adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007.

Previously, Fuel Tech had accounted for tax contingencies in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 5, Accounting for Contingencies.  As required by FIN 48, which clarifies Statement 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, Fuel Tech recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit.  For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority.  At the adoption date, we applied FIN 48 to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open.  As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we recognized an increase of approximately $86 in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, of which $81 was accounted for as a reduction to the January 1, 2007 balance of retained earnings.
 
The following table summarizes Fuel Tech’s unrecognized tax benefit activity during 2008:
 
Description
 
Balance
 
       
Balance at January 1, 2008
  $ 678  
Increases in positions taken in a prior period
    -  
Decreases in positions taken in a prior period
    -  
Increases in positions taken in a current period
    35  
Decreases in positions taken in a current period
    -  
Decreases due to settlements
    -  
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations
    -  
Balance at December 31, 2008
  $ 713  

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2008, including interest and penalties, was $781.  This amount included $747 of unrecognized tax benefits which, if ultimately recognized, will reduce Fuel Tech’s annual effective tax rate.

Fuel Tech is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions.  Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply.  With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2004.

Fuel Tech recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense for all periods presented.  Fuel Tech had accrued approximately $68 for the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2008.
 
The management of Fuel Tech periodically estimates the probable tax obligations of the Company using historical experience in tax jurisdictions and informed judgments.  There are inherent uncertainties related to the interpretation of tax regulations in the jurisdictions in which we transact business. The judgments and estimates made at a point in time may change based on the outcome of tax audits, as well as changes to or further interpretations of regulations.  If such changes take place, there is a risk that the tax rate may increase or decrease in any period.  Tax accruals for tax liabilities related to potential changes in judgments and estimates for both federal and state tax issues are included in current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
 
At December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech has tax losses of $4,035 available to offset foreign income.  The foreign loss carryforwards began to expire in 2008 and at December 31, 2008 a valuation allowance of $3,699 is recorded against this amount.
 
4.
COMMON SHARES

At December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had 24,110,967 Common Shares issued, with an additional 7,485 shares reserved for issuance upon conversion of the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes (see Note 5) and 2,905,325 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of stock options, 1,461,700 of which are currently exercisable (see Note 6).
 
36

 
5. 
NIL COUPON NON-REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE UNSECURED LOAN NOTES
 
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, Fuel Tech had principal amounts of $81, $272 and $277 of nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured perpetual loan notes (the “Loan Notes”) outstanding.  The Loan Notes are convertible at any time into Common Shares at rates of $6.50 or $11.43 per share, as appropriate.  The Loan Notes bear no interest and have no maturity date.  They are repayable in the event of Fuel Tech’s dissolution and, accordingly, have been classified within stockholders’ equity in the accompanying balance sheet.
 
In 2008, Loan Notes in the principal amount of $191 were converted into 43,845 Common Shares.  In 2007 and 2006, Loan Notes in the principal amount of $5 and $5, respectively, were converted into 769 and 769 Common Shares, respectively.
 
6. 
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS
 
Fuel Tech has a stock-based employee compensation plan, referred to as the Fuel Tech, Inc. Incentive Plan (Incentive Plan), under which awards may be granted to participants in the form of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Awards, Bonuses or other forms of share-based or non-share-based awards or combinations thereof.  Participants in the Incentive Plan may be Fuel Tech’s directors, officers, employees, consultants or advisors (except consultants or advisors in capital-raising transactions) as the directors determine are key to the success of Fuel Tech’s business.  The amount of shares that may be issued or reserved for awards to participants under a 2004 amendment to the Incentive Plan is 12.5% of outstanding shares calculated on a diluted basis.  In 2008, 2007 and 2006, 757,000, 311,000, 1,094,000 options, respectively, were granted to employees and directors.  At December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had 472,000 stock options available for issuance under the Incentive Plan.
 
Fuel Tech uses the Black-Scholes options-pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock options for the required pro forma disclosure under Statement 123(R).  For the year ended December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech recorded stock-based compensation expense of $5,815 ($3,882 after tax).  The Company recorded $4,791 ($3,105 after tax) in stock-based compensation expense for the comparable period in 2007.
 
As of December 31, 2008, there was $11.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the 1993 Plan.  That cost is expected to be recognized over a period of four years.

The awards granted under the Incentive Plan have a 10-year life and they vest as follows: 50% after the second anniversary of the award date, 25% after the third anniversary, and the final 25% after the fourth anniversary of the award date.  Fuel Tech calculates stock compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the award and recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the four-year service period of the award.
 
The principal variable assumptions utilized in valuing options and the methodology for estimating such model inputs include: (1) risk-free interest rate – an estimate based on the yield of zero–coupon treasury securities with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option; (2) expected volatility – an estimate based on the historical volatility of Fuel Tech’s Common Stock for a period equal to the expected life of the option; and (3) expected life of the option – an estimate based on historical experience including the effect of employee terminations.

Based on the results of the model, the weighted-average fair value of the stock options granted during the 12-month periods ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively was $9.65, $14.01and $12.53 per share using the following assumptions:

   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Expected dividend yield
    0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %
Risk-free interest rate
    2.85 %     4.39 %     4.64 %
Expected volatility
    59.3 %     57.4 %     60.7 %
                         
Expected life of option
 
5.2 years
   
5.2 years
   
5.2 years
 
 
37

 
 
The following table presents a summary of Fuel Tech’s stock option activity and related information for the years ended December 31:
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
    
Number
of
Options
   
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
   
Number
of
Options
   
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
   
Number
of
Options
   
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
                                      
Outstanding at beginning of year
    2,464,325     $ 15.03       2,414,200     $ 13.02       2,799,000     $ 4.29  
Granted
    757,250       18.05       310,500       25.80       1,094,000       22.06  
Exercised
    (171,125 )     3.61       (188,875 )     4.83       (1,332,925 )     2.88  
Expired or forfeited
    (145,125 )     18.69       (71,500 )     20.82       (145,875 )     5.91  
Outstanding at end of year
    2,905,325     $ 16.30       2,464,325     $ 15.03       2,414,200     $ 13.02  
                                                 
Exercisable at end of year
    1,461,700     $ 12.92       955,825     $ 7.11       711,450     $ 5.22  
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the year
          $ 9.65             $ 14.01             $ 12.53  
 
The following table provides additional information regarding Fuel Tech’s stock option activity for the 12 months ended December 31, 2008.

   
Number
of
Options
   
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
 
 Outstanding on January 1, 2008
    2,464,325     $ 15.03          
 Granted
    757,250       18.05          
 Exercised
    (171,125 )     3.61       $ 2,106  
 Expired or forfeited
    (145,125 )     18.69            
 Outstanding on December 31, 2008
    2,905,325     $ 16.30  
7.49 years
  $ 4,044  
                           
 Exercisable on December 31, 2008
               
6.44 years
  $ 3,798  
 
 
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The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2008:

Options Outstanding
   
Options Exercisable
 
 
Range of
   
 
Number of
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
 
Weighted-
Average
   
 
Number of
   
Weighted-
Average
 
Exercise Prices
   
Options
 
Contractual Life
 
Exercise Price
   
Options
   
Exercise Price
 
                             
$ 1.47 - $ 5.51       451,700  
4.89 years
  $ 4.19       446,200     $ 4.17  
$ 5.52 - $ 11.03       536,125  
6.40 years
  $ 7.96       380,250     $ 7.56  
$ 11.04 - $ 22.06       792,000  
8.57 years
  $ 16.19       167,500     $ 14.09  
$ 22.07 - $ 27.57       1,125,500  
8.31 years
  $ 25.22       467,750     $ 25.20  
$ 1.47 - $ 27.57       2,905,325  
7.49 years
  $ 16.30       1,461,700     $ 12.92  

The weighted-average exercise price per non-vested stock award at grant date was $17.55 per share for the non-vested stock awards granted in 2008.  Non-vested stock award activity for all plans for the 12 months ended December 31, 2008 was as follows:

   
Non-Vested Stock
Outstanding
   
Weighted-Average
Grant 
Date
Fair Value
 
 Outstanding on January 1, 2008
    1,508,500     $ 11.08  
 Granted
    757,250       9.65  
 Released
    (682,000 )     10.36  
 Expired or forfeited
    (140,125 )     10.36  
 Outstanding on December 31, 2008
    1,443,625     $ 10.75  

At December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had 1,577,500 stock options with exercise prices per share that were not dilutive for the purpose of inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

On November 10, 2005, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 123(R)-3, Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards, or Staff Position 123(R)-3.  Fuel Tech has elected to adopt the alternative transition method provided in Staff Position 123(R)-3 for calculating the tax effects of stock-based compensation pursuant to Statement 123(R).  The alternative transition method simplifies the calculation of the beginning balance of the additional paid-in-capital pool, or APIC pool, related to the tax effect of employee stock-based compensation.  This method also has subsequent impact on the APIC pool and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows relating to the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation awards that are outstanding upon adoption of Statement 123(R).

In addition to the Incentive Plan, Fuel Tech has a Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (Deferred Plan).  This Deferred Plan, as originally approved, provided for deferral of Directors’ fees in the form of either cash with interest or as “phantom stock” units, in either case, however, to be paid out only as cash and not as stock at the elected time of payout.  In the second quarter of 2007, Fuel Tech obtained stockholder approval for an amendment to the Deferred Plan to provide that instead of phantom stock units paid out only in cash, the deferred stock unit compensation may be paid out in shares of Fuel Tech Common Stock.  Under the guidance of Statement 123(R), this plan modification required that Fuel Tech account for awards under the plan for the receipt of Fuel Tech Common Stock, as equity awards as opposed to liability awards.  In 2008 and 2007, Fuel Tech recorded $73 and $150, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense under the Deferred Plan.

In addition to the above, at December 31, 2007, Fuel Tech had 1,601,043 warrants outstanding to purchase Common Shares at an exercise price of $1.75.  As of December 31, 2008, all of these warrants had been exercised.

 
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7.      COMMITMENTS

Operating Leases

Fuel Tech leases office space, autos and certain equipment under agreements expiring on various dates through 2014. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases that have initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2008 are as follows:

Year of Payment
 
Amount
 
2009
  $ 663  
2010
    279  
2011
    249  
2012
    251  
Thereafter
    278  

For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, rent expense approximated $1,300, $852 and $829, respectively.

Fuel Tech has a sublease agreement with American Bailey Corporation (ABC) that obligates the lessee to make future payments.  ABC will reimburse Fuel Tech for its share of lease and lease-related expenses under Fuel Tech’s January 29,   2004 lease of its executive offices in Stamford, Connecticut.  Please refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the relationship between Fuel Tech and ABC.  The future minimum lease income under this noncancellable sublease as of December 31, 2008 is as follows:

Year of Payment
 
Amount
 
2009
  $ 81  
2010
    7  
2011
    -  
2012
    -  
Thereafter
    -  
 
The terms of the three primary lease arrangements are as follows:
 
-
The Stamford, Connecticut building lease term, for approximately 7,000 square feet, runs from February 1, 2004 to January 31, 2010.  The facility houses certain administrative functions such as Investor Relations, Benefit Plan Administration and certain APC sales functions.
 
-
The Beijing, China building lease term, for approximately 4,000 square feet, runs from September 1, 2007 to August 31, 2009.  This facility serves as the operating headquarters for our Beijing Fuel Tech operation.  Fuel Tech has the option to extend the lease term at a market rate to be agreed upon between Fuel Tech and the lessor.
 
-
The Durham, North Carolina building lease term, for approximately 16,000 square feet, runs from November 1, 2005 to April 30, 2014.  This facility houses the former Tackticks and FlowTack operations.  Fuel Tech has no option to extend the lease.
 
In addition to the above, on November 30, 2007, Fuel Tech purchased an office building in Warrenville, Illinois, which has served as our corporate headquarters since June 23, 2008.  Our prior headquarters, an 18,000 square foot location in Batavia, Illinois, remains under an operating lease until May 31, 2009.  We have no plans to renew this lease.
 
Performance Guarantees

The majority of Fuel Tech’s long-term equipment construction contracts contain language guaranteeing that the performance of the system that is being sold to the customer will meet specific criteria.  On occasion, bank performance guarantees and letters of credit are issued to the customer in support of the construction contracts as follows:

 
-
in support of the warranty period defined in the contract; or
 
-
in support of the system performance criteria that are defined in the contract.
 
 
40

 

As of December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech has outstanding bank performance guarantees and letters of credit in the amount of $5,765 in support of equipment construction contracts that have not completed their final acceptance test or that are still operating under a warranty period.  Fuel Tech’s management believes that these projects will be successfully completed and that there will not be a materially adverse impact on Fuel Tech’s operations from these bank performance guarantees and letters of credit.

Product Warranties
 
Fuel Tech issues a standard product warranty with the sale of its products to customers. Our recognition of warranty liability is based primarily on analyses of warranty claims experience in the preceding years.  Changes in the warranty liability in 2008, 2007 and 2006 are summarized below:
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Aggregate product warranty liability at beginning of year
  $ 464     $ 472     $ 247  
Net aggregate accruals related to product warranties
    (45 )     88       280  
Aggregate reductions for payments
    (154 )     (96 )     (55 )
Aggregate product warranty liability at end of year
  $ 265     $ 464     $ 472  

8.      DEBT FINANCING

Fuel Tech has a domestic $25.0 million revolving credit facility expiring July 31, 2009.  The facility is unsecured and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 75 basis points.   The Company can use this facility for cash advances and standby letters of credit.  As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, there were no outstanding borrowings on this facility.

At December 31, 2008, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees, predominantly to customers, totaling approximately $5,865 in connection with contracts in process.  Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments.  At December 31, 2008, there were no cash borrowings under the revolving credit facility and approximately $19,135 was available.

During 2008 and 2007, under the domestic $25.0 million facility, the Company requested and received a waiver to enable us to exceed the capital spending covenant specified in the facility agreement to accommodate our purchase of land and building for our new corporate headquarters and the subsequent build out and furnishing of the premises.  During 2008, the Company also requested and received a waiver to enable us to exceed the allowable acquisition spending covenant specified in the facility agreement to accommodate our strategic acquisitions.
 
Beijing Fuel Tech Environmental Technologies Company, Ltd. (Beijing Fuel Tech), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fuel Tech, entered into a revolving credit facility agreement during the third quarter of 2007 for RMB 35 million (approximately $4.8 million), which expires on July 31, 2009.  The facility is unsecured and bears interest at a rate of 90% of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Base Rate.  Beijing Fuel Tech can use this facility for cash advances and bank guarantees.  At December 31, 2008, Beijing Fuel Tech had borrowings outstanding in the amount of $2,188.

Interest payments in the amount of $135 and $24 were made during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  No payments were made during the year ended December 31, 2006.

9.      RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

As of December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had a 4.5% common stock ownership interest in Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (CDT), which is being accounted for using the cost method.  Fuel Tech is precluded from selling its interest in CDT except pursuant to a registration statement, or in a broker/dealer transaction within the limitations of Rule 144 of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), or in an exempt private placement within the limitations of Rule 144 of the SEC.  Fuel Tech’s investment in CDT, whose shares are publicly traded on The NASDAQ Stock Market and the London Stock Exchange, had a market value of $1,004 at December 31, 2008.  Fuel Tech also owns 5,000 warrants to purchase CDT common stock.  The warrants have an exercise price of $10.00 and can be exercised on or before November 14, 2010.
 
 
41

 

On August 3, 1995, Fuel Tech signed a Management and Services Agreement with CDT.  According to the agreement, CDT is to reimburse Fuel Tech for management, services and administrative expenses incurred by Fuel Tech on behalf of CDT.  Additionally, Fuel Tech charges CDT an additional 3% of such costs annually.  For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, $72, $72 and $71, respectively, was charged to CDT as a management fee.

Pursuant to an assignment agreement of certain technology to CDT, Fuel Tech is due royalties from CDT of 2.5% of CDT’s annual revenue from sales of CDT’s Platinum Fuel Catalyst, commencing in 1998.  The royalty obligation expired in 2008.  Over the life of the royalty agreement, Fuel Tech received approximately $61 in royalties.

Persons now or formerly associated with American Bailey Corporation (ABC) currently own approximately 25% of Fuel Tech’s Common Shares.  On April 30, 1998, Fuel Tech entered into an agreement with ABC for it to provide certain management and consulting services to Fuel Tech.  Effective January 1, 2004, this agreement was revised whereby ABC reimburses Fuel Tech for services that certain employees of Fuel Tech provide to ABC.  In addition, ABC is a sub-lessee under Fuel Tech’s January 29,   2004 lease of its offices in Stamford, Connecticut.  ABC reimburses Fuel Tech for its share of lease and lease-related expenses under the sublease agreement.  Please refer to Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for a further discussion of this topic.  At December 31, 2008, $23 is due from ABC related to the compensation and sublease agreements.
 
10.    DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN

Fuel Tech has a retirement savings plan available for all U.S. employees who have met minimum length-of-service requirements. Our contributions are determined based upon amounts contributed by Fuel Tech’s employees with additional contributions made at the discretion of Fuel Tech’s Board of Directors.  Costs related to this plan were $851, $802 and $612 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

11.    BUSINESS SEGMENT, GEOGRAPHIC AND QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA

Business Segment Financial Data

Fuel Tech segregates its financial results into two reportable segments representing two broad technology segments as follows:

-
The Air Pollution Control technology segment, which includes the NOxOUT ® , NOxOUT CASCADE ® , GSG, NOxOUT ULTRA ® and NOxOUT-SCR ® processes for the reduction of NOx emissions in flue gas from boilers, incinerators, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources; and

-
The FUEL CHEM technology segment, which uses chemical processes for the control of slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity, acid plume and sulfur trioxide-related issues in furnaces and boilers through the addition of chemicals into the fuel using TIFI™ Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ technology.

The “Other” classification includes those profit and loss items not allocated by Fuel Tech to each reportable segment.  Further, there are no intersegment sales that require elimination.

Fuel Tech evaluates performance and allocates resources based on reviewing gross margin by reportable segment.  The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.  Fuel Tech does not review assets by reportable segment, but rather, in aggregate for Fuel Tech as a whole.
 
Information about reporting segment net sales and gross margin are provided below:

For the year ended
December 31, 2008
 
Air Pollution Control
Segment
   
FUEL CHEM
Segment
   
Other
   
Total
 
Revenues from external customers
  $ 44,393     $ 36,681     $ -     $ 81,074  
Cost of sales
    24,365       19,979       1       44,345  
Gross margin
    20,028       16,702       (1 )     36,729  
Selling, general and administrative
    -       -       28,012       28,012  
Research and development
    -       -       2,100       2,100  
Operating income (loss)
  $ 20,028     $ 16,702     $ (30,113 )   $ 6,617  
 
 
42

 

For the year ended
December 31, 2007
 
Air Pollution Control
Segment
   
FUEL CHEM
Segment
   
Other
   
Total
 
Revenues from external customers
  $ 47,750     $ 32,547     $ -     $ 80,297  
Cost of sales
    25,775       16,619       77       42,471  
Gross margin
    21,975       15,928       (77 )     37,826  
Selling, general and administrative
    -       -       24,950       24,950  
Research and development
    -       -       2,137       2,137  
Operating income (loss)
  $ 21,975     $ 15,928     $ (27,164 )   $ 10,739  

For the year ended
December 31, 2006
 
Air Pollution Control
Segment
   
FUEL CHEM
Segment
   
Other
   
Total
 
Revenues from external customers
  $ 46,454     $ 28,661     $ -     $ 75,115  
Cost of sales
    26,328       11,932       169       38,429  
Gross margin
    20,126       16,729       (169 )     36,686  
Selling, general and administrative
    -       -       23,901       23,901  
Research and development
    -       -       2,052       2,052  
Operating income (loss)
  $ 20,126     $ 16,729     $ (26,122 )   $ 10,733  

Geographic Segment Financial Data

Information concerning Fuel Tech’s operations by geographic area is provided below.  Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the customer.  Assets are those directly associated with operations of the geographic area.

For the years ended December 31
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
                   
Revenues:
                 
United States
  $ 68,433     $ 67,534     $ 57,628  
Foreign
    12,641       12,763       17,487  
    $ 81,074     $ 80,297     $ 75,115  

December 31,
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Assets:
                 
United States
  $ 81,241     $ 79,132     $ 62,190  
Foreign
    7,632       8,082       3,470  
    $ 88,873     $ 87,214     $ 65,660  

For the year ended December 31, 2008, Fuel Tech had two customers that individually represented greater than 10% of revenues.  In total these two customers represented 28% of revenues, one procuring products solely from the APC technology segment and the other procuring products solely from the FUEL CHEM technology segment.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, Fuel Tech had two customers that individually represented greater than 10% of revenues.  In total, these two customers represented 23% of revenues and utilized the product line offered by Fuel Tech’s APC technology segment.

For the year ended December 31, 2006, Fuel Tech had one customer that represented greater than 10% of revenues.  This customer represented 25% of revenues and utilized the product line offered by Fuel Tech’s APC technology segment.
 
 
43

 

Quarterly Financial Data

Set forth below are the unaudited quarterly financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.

For the quarters ended:
 
March 31
   
June 30
   
September 30
   
December 31
 
                         
2008 (a)
                       
Revenues
  $ 20,467     $ 18,791     $ 23,703     $ 18,113  
Cost of sales
    10,669       9,833       13,019       10,824  
Net income
    1,633       447       2,102       (580 )
Net income (loss) per Common Share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.07     $ 0.02     $ 0.09     $ (0.02 )
Diluted
  $ 0.07     $ 0.02     $ 0.09     $ (0.02 )
                                 
2007 (b)
                               
Revenues
  $ 16,262     $ 16,210     $ 15,246     $ 32,579  
Cost of sales
    8,957       9,083       8,018       16,413  
Net income
    792       282       927       5,242  
Net  income per Common Share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.04     $ 0.01     $ 0.04     $ 0.23  
Diluted
  $ 0.03     $ 0.01     $ 0.04     $ 0.21  

(a) The total of the basic and diluted net income amounts per share for the four quarters ending December 31, 2008 does not sum to the amounts presented on the consolidated statement of income for the year ending December 31, 2008 due to rounding.

(b) The total of the basic net income amounts per share for the four quarters ending December 31, 2007 does not sum to the amounts presented on the consolidated statement of income for the year ending December 31, 2007 due to rounding.

12.    BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS

Fuel Tech accounts for its acquisitions as purchases.  Accordingly, in connections with each acquisition, the purchase price is allocated to the estimated fair values of all acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities as of the date of the acquisition.
 
Tackticks, LLC & FlowTack, LLC
 
On October 2, 2008, Fuel Tech completed its acquisitions of substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Durham, North Carolina-based Tackticks, LLC (Tackticks) and FlowTack, LLC (FlowTack) for a total cash consideration of $4,000.  No future consideration is due.  We believe the addition of these companies will make Fuel Tech a synergistically more powerful company by broadening its product offerings, strengthening its modeling capabilities, exposing it to a new client base, and enabling it to participate in the sizable SCR end of the air pollution control market in a more meaningful way.  The addition of the two management teams, including one of the world’s foremost experts in the design and optimization of traditional catalyst-based SCR systems, will significantly enhance Fuel Tech’s ability to sell hybrids such as our NOxOUT CASCADE offering, which integrates a single layer of catalyst into the Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction process.  Tackticks and FlowTack will be reported as part of the APC segment.

The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and, accordingly, the purchase price plus acquisition costs of approximately $4.2 million was allocated to the fair market values of acquired tangible and intangible assets of approximately $4.9 million and assumed liabilities of approximately $0.7 million as of October 3, 2008.  Intangible assets acquired include, among others, customer relationships, covenants not to compete, and technology with a fair value of approximately $0.9 million.  Based upon a preliminary purchase price allocation, goodwill of approximately $3.0 million has been recorded.  We expect the goodwill balance to be deductible for income tax purposes.  Subsequent adjustments may be made to the purchase price and purchase price allocation based upon, among other things, the settlement of the tangible net worth calculation; however, we do not expect that any such adjustments will be material.

 
44

 
 
Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc.
 
On December 5, 2008, Fuel Tech signed a definitive agreement to acquire certain assets and assume certain liabilities of Hooksett, New Hampshire-based Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc. (ACT) for approximately $22,000 in cash plus performance-based contingent payments.  We believe the addition of ACT’s nitrogen oxide (NOx) control systems, including low-NOx burners and over-fire air systems, will strengthen Fuel Tech’s position in the combustion modification market and will provide us with a total technical solution for NOx control from the burner to the stack.  In addition, this acquisition should provide a natural conduit for potential follow-on business from those clients requiring deeper emission reductions that can only be satisfied with post-combustion NOx controls.  Our customers should benefit from the added flexibility afforded by ACT’s HERT High Energy Reagent Technology system, which will complement Fuel Tech’s suite of post-combustion technical solutions based on our NOxOUT technologies.  The acquisition closed on January 5, 2009; see note 13 – Subsequent Events, for additional information.  ACT will be reported as part of the APC segment.
        
13.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On January 6, 2009 Fuel Tech announced that it had completed its acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc. and is currently in the process of allocating the purchase price to the fair market values of acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities as of January 5, 2009.

ITEM 9 - CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Evaluation Date”).  Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Change in Internal Controls

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Fuel Tech’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act.  As required by Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act, Fuel Tech’s management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of Fuel Tech’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the last fiscal year.  The framework on which such evaluation was based is contained in the report entitled “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO Report”).
 
Fuel Tech’s system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Based on its assessment, management has concluded that Fuel Tech maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework”   issued by the COSO.

Grant Thornton, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, who audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.  This attestation report is included on page 23 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 9B - OTHER INFORMATION

None

 
45

 

PART III

ITEM 10 – DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information required by this Item will be set forth under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Directors and Executive Officers of Fuel Tech,” “Compensation Committee,” “Audit Committee,” and “Financial Experts” in Fuel Tech’s Proxy Statement related to the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated by reference.

Fuel Tech has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the “Code”) that applies to all employees, officers and directors, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Controller.  A copy of the Code is available free of charge to any person on written or telephone request to Fuel Tech’s Investor Relations at the address or telephone number set out in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report to Stockholders.  The Code is also available on Fuel Tech’s website at www.ftek.com .

The identities of the Fuel Tech directors and other information concerning the directors and executive officers of Fuel Tech and relating to corporate governance will be set forth under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Audit Committee,” “Compensation and Nominating Committee,” “Financial Experts,” “Corporate Governance” and “General” in Fuel Tech’s Proxy Statement related to its 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated by reference.

The identities of and the employment history of Fuel Tech executive officers with Fuel Tech or its affiliates who are not directors are as follows:

Vincent M. Albanese, 60, has been Senior Vice President, Regulatory Affairs since February , 2007; previously he had been Senior Vice President, Advanced Technology and Regulatory Affairs since April, 2006; Senior Vice President, Air Pollution Control, Sales and Marketing since May, 2000; Vice President, Air Pollution Control since April, 1998 and Vice President, Sales and Marketing since 1990.

Ellen T. Albrecht, 36, has been Vice President, and Controller since December, 2006; previously she had been Controller since February, 2004; Accounting Manager since May, 2001; and Senior Accountant since July, 1996.

Stephen P. Brady, 52, has been Senior Vice President, Fuel Chem Sales since January, 2009; previously he had been Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing since April, 2006; Senior Vice President, Fuel Chem since January, 2002; and Vice President, Fuel Chem since February, 1998.

William E. Cummings, Jr., 52, has been Senior Vice President, APC Sales since January, 2009; previously he had been Vice President, Sales since April, 2006; Vice President, Air Pollution Control Sales since May, 2000; Director, Utility Sales since April, 1998; and Director, Eastern Region since 1994.

Kevin R. Dougherty, 46, has been Vice President, Business Development and Marketing since April, 2006; previously he had been Vice President, Corporate Marketing and Procurement since December, 2005; Director, Marketing and Sales Administration, Air Pollution Control since November, 2000; and Manager, Contracts Administration, Air Pollution Control since 1999.

Timothy Eibes, 52, has been Vice President, Project Execution since August, 2006; previously he had been employed by Alliant Energy, Inc. since 1987, his last position being Vice President, Asset Management.

John P. Graham, 43, has been Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer since June, 2008 after joining the Company as Senior Vice President in April, 2008; previously he had been employed as Chief Financial Officer of Hub International from 2006 to 2007 and as Senior Vice President, Finance, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary of Career Education Corporation from 2002 to 2006.

Albert G. Grigonis, 58, has been Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since December, 2008; previously he had been Assistant General Counsel since July, 2008; and Corporate Counsel since July, 2003.

Charles W. Grinnell, 71, was Vice President, Legal Affairs since December, 2008 after serving as the Company’s Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since 1988.  Mr. Grinnell retired from Fuel Tech on January 31, 2009 and now serves solely as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Tracy Krumme, 41, has been Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Communications since December, 2006; previously she had been Director, Investor Relations since September, 2002.

Dr. M. Linda Lin, 60, has been Senior Vice President, China/Pacific Rim since August, 2008; previously she had been Vice President, China/Pacific Rim since December, 2006; Vice President Asia/Pacific since April, 2006; Marketing Manager since 1992; and Research Associate/Research Manager since 1990.

 
46

 
 
Michael P. Maley, 50, prior to his resignation from Fuel Tech effective February 13, 2009, had been Senior Vice President, International Business Development and Project Execution since joining the Company in April, 2006; previously he had been employed as President and Chief Operating Officer of Alliant Energy Generation from 2001 to 2005; Vice President of Business Development of Calpine Corporation since 1998; and Vice President of Project Development of Cogentrix Energy LLC since 1993.

Volker Rummenhohl, 51, has been Vice President, Catalyst Technologies since joining the Company on October 3, 2008; previously he had been President of Tackticks, LLC since February, 2001 and co-majority owner of FlowTack, LLC, since December, 2003.  Substantially all of the assets of both companies were acquired by Fuel Tech on October 3, 2008 in an asset purchase.

Nolan R. Schwartz, 57, has been Vice President, Strategic Business Development since August, 2008; he had been Vice President, Corporate Development since January, 2004 and a director of Fuel Tech, Inc., a former subsidiary of Fuel Tech, since 1998; and, prior to that, a principal of American Bailey Corporation.

Christopher R. Smyrniotis, 56, has been Vice President, Fuel Chem Technologies since April 5, 2006; previously he had been Vice President, Fuel Chem Technology and Market Development since December, 2003; Director of Marketing and Technology, Fuel Chem since October, 1998; and Market Development manager since 1993.

Dr. William H. Sun, 51, has been Vice President, Europe, India and Latin America since February 9, 2009; he had been Vice President, Air Pollution Technologies since April, 2006; Vice President and Chief Technology Officer since December, 2003; Vice President, Engineering and Technology since April, 1998; and Director of Process Engineering since 1990.

ITEM 11 - EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by this Item will be set forth under the caption “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

ITEM 12 - SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table provides information for all equity compensation plans as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, under which the securities of Fuel Tech were authorized for issuance:

Plan Category
 
Number of Securities to be
issued 
upon exercise of
outstanding 
options, warrants
and rights
   
Weighted-average
exercise 
price of
outstanding 
options,
warrants and 
rights
   
Number of securities
remaining available for
future 
issuance under equity
compensation plans
excluding 
securities listed in
column (a)
 
   
(a)
   
(b)
   
(c)
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
    2,905,325     $ 16.31       471,712  

 
(1)
Includes Common Shares of Fuel Tech authorized for awards under Fuel Tech’s Incentive Plan, as amended through June 3, 2004.

In addition to the above, Fuel Tech has a Deferred Compensation Plan for directors under which 100,000 Common Shares of Fuel Tech stock have been reserved for issuance as a form of deferred compensation with respect to directors fees elected to be deferred.  At December 31, 2008, 47,677 Common Shares have been earned as stock units to be granted on a one to one basis in Common Shares at the election of the Directors.

Further information required by this Item will be set forth under the caption “Principal Stockholders and Stock Ownership of Management” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

ITEM 13 - CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information required by this Item will be set forth under the captions “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

ITEM 14 - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Information required by this Item will be set forth under the caption “Approval of Appointment of Auditors” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.
 
 
47

 

PART IV


ITEM 15 - EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)
(1) Financial Statements

The financial statements identified below and required by Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K are set forth above.

 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007
 
Consolidated Statements of Income for Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
 
All other schedules have been omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or because the required information, where material, is shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
 
 
48

 
 
    
(3) Exhibits
                             
                                      
  
  
           
Incorporated by reference
Exhibit
  
Description
  
Filed
herewith
  
Form
  
Period
ending
  
Exhibit
  
Filing date
                           
3.1
  
Certificate of Incorporation of Fuel Tech, Inc.
     
8-K
     
3.2
 
10/05/06
                         
3.2
  
Certificate of Conversion of Fuel Tech, Inc.
     
8-K
     
3.1
 
10/05/06
                         
3.3
  
By-Laws of Fuel Tech, Inc.
     
8-K
     
3.3
 
10/05/06
                         
4.1
  
Instrument Constituting US $19,200 Nil Coupon Non-Redeemable Convertible Unsecured Loan Notes of Fuel-Tech N.V., dated December 21, 1989
     
20-F
     
4.1
 
08/26/93
                         
4.2
  
First Supplemental Instrument Constituting US $3,000 Nil Coupon Non-Redeemable Convertible Unsecured Loan Notes of Fuel-Tech N.V., dated July 10, 1990
     
20-F
     
4.2
 
08/26/93
                         
4.3
  
Instrument Constituting US $6,000 Nil Coupon Non-Redeemable Convertible Unsecured Loan Notes of Fuel-Tech N.V., dated March 12, 1993
     
6-K
 
03/31/93
 
4.3
 
04/01/93
                         
4.4*
  
Fuel Tech, Inc. Incentive Plan as amended through June 3, 2004
     
S-8
     
4.5
 
10/02/06
                         
4.5*
  
Fuel Tech, Inc. Form of Non-Executive Director Stock Option Agreement
     
10-K
 
12/31/06
 
4.6
 
03/06/07
                         
4.6*
  
Fuel Tech, Inc. Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement
     
10-K
 
12/31/06
 
4.7
 
03/06/07
                         
4.7*
  
Fuel Tech, Inc. Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement
     
10-K
 
12/31/06
 
4.8
 
03/06/07
                         
4.8
 
Business Loan Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2006, between Wachovia Bank N.A. and Fuel Tech, Inc.
     
8-K
     
99.1
 
08/10/06
 
 
49

 
 
              
Incorporated by reference
Exhibit
  
Description
  
Filed
herewith
  
Form
  
Period
ending
  
Exhibit
  
Filing date
                         
10.1
  
Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of March 23, 1998, between Fuel-Tech N.V., and the several Investors signatory thereto, including exhibits.
  
 
  
6-K
  
03/31/98
  
10.1
  
04/01/98
                         
10.2
  
License Agreement dated November 18, 1998 between The Gas Technology Institute and Fuel Tech, Inc. relating to the FLGR Process (Certain confidential information removed and filed separately).
  
 
  
10-K
  
12/31/99
  
3.28
  
03/30/00
                         
10.3
  
Amendment No. 1, dated February 28, 2000, to License Agreement dated November 18, 1998 between The Gas Technology Institute and Fuel Tech, Inc. relating to the FLGR Process (Certain confidential information removed and filed separately).
  
 
  
10-K
  
12/31/99
  
3.29
  
03/30/00
                         
10.4
  
Employment Agreement as of February 28, 2006 between John (Johnny) F. Norris Jr. and Fuel Tech, Inc.
  
 
  
10-K
  
12/31/05
  
3.18
  
03/10/06
                         
10.5
  
Amendment to Employment Agreement as of February 28, 2007  between John (Johnny) F. Norris Jr. and Fuel Tech, Inc.
  
 
  
10-K
  
12/31/07
  
10.5
  
03/05/08
                         
10.6
  
Form of Indemnity Agreement between Fuel Tech, Inc. and its Directors and Officers.
  
 
  
8-K
  
 
  
99.1
  
02/07/07
                         
10.7
  
Restated Supply Agreement, dated March 4, 2009, between Fuel Tech, Inc. and Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, LLC (Certain confidential information removed and filed separately).
  
X
               
                         
10.8
  
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 5, 2008, among Fuel Tech, Inc., Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc., Peter D. Marx, Robert W. Pickering and Charles E. Trippel.
  
X
               
                         
23.1
  
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
  
X
               
                         
31.1
  
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
X
               
                         
31.2
 
Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
X
               
                         
31.3
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
X
               
                         
31.4  
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
X
               

*
 
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
 
 
50

 
 
SIGNATURES AND CERTIFICATIONS
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

   
FUEL TECH, INC.
       
Date:  March 5, 2009
 
By:
/s/ John F. Norris Jr.
     
     John F. Norris Jr.
     
     Chief Executive Officer
     
     (Principal Executive Officer)
       
Date:  March 5, 2009
 
By:
/s/ John P. Graham
     
     John P. Graham
     
     Chief Financial Officer
     
     (Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
51

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been duly signed below by the following persons on behalf of Fuel Tech, Inc. and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

Date: March 5, 2009

Signature
 
Title
     
/s/ Ralph E. Bailey
 
Executive Chairman and Director
      Ralph E. Bailey
   
     
/s/ Douglas G. Bailey
 
Deputy Chairman and Director
      Douglas G. Bailey
   
     
/s/ Miguel Espinosa
 
Director
      Miguel Espinosa
   
     
/s/ Charles W. Grinnell
 
Director
      Charles W. Grinnell
   
     
/s/ Thomas L. Jones
 
Director
      Thomas L. Jones
   
     
/s/ John D. Morrow
 
Director
      John D. Morrow
   
     
/s/ John F. Norris Jr.
 
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
      John F. Norris Jr.
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
     
/s/ Thomas S. Shaw, Jr.
 
Director
      Thomas S. Shaw, Jr.
   
     
/s/ Delbert L. Williamson
 
Director
      Delbert L. Williamson
   
     
/s/ Ellen T. Albrecht
 
Vice President and Controller
      Ellen T. Albrecht
 
(Controller)
     
/s/ John P. Graham
 
Sr. Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
      John P. Graham
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
52

 

EXHIBIT 10.7
RESTATED PRODUCT SUPPLY AGREEMENT

This Restated Product Supply Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is made as of this 4th  day of March, 2009 (the “ Effective Date ”) by and between MARTIN MARIETTA MAGNESIA SPECIALTIES, LLC (“ MMMS ”), a Delaware limited liability company, and FUEL TECH, INC. (“ FT ”), a Delaware corporation (FT and MMMS each individually referred to as a “ Party ” and collectively referred to as the “ Parties ”).
 
WHEREAS, pursuant to that certain Asset Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 2003 (the “ APA ”) by and between MMMS and FT, FT purchased certain assets from MMMS;
 
WHEREAS, in connection with the APA, the Parties entered into a Contract Manufacturing Agreement dated September 30, 2003, as amended from time to time (the “ CMA ”), pursuant to which MMMS manufactured and sold to FT products (the “ Bridgeport Products ”) then made by MMMS at its plant in Bridgeport, Connecticut (the “ Bridgeport Plant ”), and products (the “ Manistee Products ”) then made by MMMS at its plant in Manistee, Michigan (the “ Manistee Plant ”).
 
WHEREAS, the obligation of MMMS to supply Bridgeport Products terminated on March 31, 2007, but MMMS remains obligated to continue to sell Manistee Products to FT until the scheduled termination of the CMA on December 31, 2008;
 
WHEREAS, the Parties entered into a product supply agreement on October 1, 2008 to replace the CMA;
 
WHEREAS, the Parties now desire to restate the terms of the product supply agreement by entering into this Agreement to govern the continuing sale of Manistee Products from MMMS to FT, upon the terms and subject to the conditions described herein, with the understanding that the remaining term of the CMA shall terminate upon the Effective Date (as defined herein) of this Agreement, which hereafter shall govern the sale of Products (as defined herein) from MMMS to FT hereunder;
 
WHEREAS, manufacture of the Products will require in part the use by MMMS of the Confidential Information (as defined herein) owned by FT; and.
 
WHEREAS, FT may sell the Products to customers of FT's choosing;
 
NOW THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows:
 
Article 1 — Term and Termination
 
1.1
This Agreement shall be effective as of the Effective Date hereof and shall continue until December 31, 2013, unless otherwise terminated as provided for herein (the “ Term ”).  This Agreement replaces and restates the terms of the product supply agreement between the parties, entered into as of October 1, 2008.
 
[*]=CERTAIN INFORMATION IN THIS EXHIBIT HAS BEEN OMITTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.  CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED WITH RESPECT TO THE OMITTED PORTIONS.

 
 

 

1.2
Following the date that the Term ends, this Agreement shall be deemed terminated   and of no further force and effect, other than with respect to Paragraphs 3.3, 18.2. 18.9, and 18.10 and Articles 9, 10, 11, 12, and 16.
 
Article 2 — Products
 
2.1
The term “ Products ” shall be limited to those products manufactured by MMMS for FT and FT Blend Products (as defined in the Specifications) at the Manistee Plant as listed in the Specifications.
 
2.2
With the exception of the FT Blend Products, during the Term, MMMS will manufacture the Products, in accordance with the MMMS specifications provided to FTI in writing on the date hereof (the “ Basic Specification ”).  During the Term, MMMS will manufacture the FT Blend Products, in accordance with FT applicable specifications provided to MMMS in writing on the date hereof (the “ FT Blend Specifications ”).  The FT Blend Specifications and the Basic Specifications are collectively referred to herein as the “ Specifications ”.  Except for the FT Blend Specifications, the Specifications may be hereafter amended from time to time by mutual agreement of the parties.  Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, MMMS shall only make changes to the FT Blend Specifications as instructed by FT from time to time.
 
2.3
In order to respond to FT customer requirements, FT may request reasonable changes in the Specifications.  MMMS shall use commercially reasonable efforts to accommodate such requests in the time frames required by FT and, if able to do so, shall quote the applicable Products to FT based on the prices provided in Article 4, plus or minus the actual additional costs or savings, as the case may be, to MMMS of any such changes in Specifications.  If MMMS is unable to implement timely the changes to the Specifications requested by FT, such inability shall be treated as a force majeure, and the provisions of Article 17 shall apply.
 
Article 3 — Quantities
 
3.1
Subject to the exceptions set forth elsewhere in this Agreement, FT will purchase from MMMS, and MMMS will supply to FT, one hundred percent (100%) of FT’s requirements for the Products for FT customers who purchase such Products from FT for delivery in the United States and Canada during the Term. MMMS and FT will consult quarterly to determine a forecast of the quantity of Products required by FT and the time they will be required (each a “ Quarterly Forecast ”).

3.2
MMMS shall maintain adequate capacity to fulfill FT’s requirements in accordance with Paragraph 3.1; provided that in no event shall MMMS be required to supply FT quantities of Products during any calendar year in excess of [*] dry tons during such calendar year. If FT’s needs for Products exceed this limit, MMMS will use commercially reasonable efforts to meet such increased needs; provided that FT provides MMMS with at least six  (6) months prior notice of such increased needs, and provided, further, MMMS shall be obligated to fulfill such increased needs only if MMMS agrees in writing to such increased limits.   If MMMS does not have sufficient Products available to meet any order placed by FT with respect to any FT customer, in addition to its other remedies under this Agreement at law or in equity, FT may, at its option, thereafter elect to purchase Products for such FT customer from another producer without breach of Paragraph 3.1 above.
 
[*]=CERTAIN INFORMATION IN THIS EXHIBIT HAS BEEN OMITTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.  CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED WITH RESPECT TO THE OMITTED PORTIONS.
 
 
2

 

3.3
MMMS and FT shall coordinate with each other so as to minimize remaining inventories of FT Blend Products and related materials at the end of the Term.  Ninety (90) days prior to the expiration date for the Term, FT shall provide MMMS a non-binding forecast of its anticipated orders for the FT Blend Products through the remainder of the Term.  Following the expiration of the Term and no later than sixty (60) days thereafter, FT shall purchase from MMMS the remaining raw materials WIP, packaging materials, and finished goods inventory, if any, then held by MMMS for use exclusively in manufacturing the FT Blend Products (“ Manistee Excess Items ”) at the applicable prices provided in Article 4 or, for items not priced in Article 4, the book value of said inventory as recorded on MMMS’s books and records; provided, however, that FT shall neither be obligated to purchase: (a) FloMag® H finished goods inventory; nor (b) Manistee Excess Items exceeding an amount reasonably necessary in order for MMMS to fulfill the Quarterly Forecast for the calendar quarter in which the expiration date of the Term occurs.
 
3.4
MMMS may use FT’s Confidential Information and other tradenames and intellectual property of FT only in connection with sales to FT hereunder and not in connection with sales of Products to others.   MMMS shall sell the FT Blend Products only to FT pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement or as otherwise expressly permitted under Section 3.6 below.  Subject to MMMS’s obligations under or referenced in this Agreement, including, without limitation, Section 3.5 below, MMMS may manufacture and sell Products, other than the FT Blend Products, to persons or entities other than FT and at such prices and upon such terms as MMMS shall determine.
 
3.5
Except as set forth in Paragraph 3.6 below, MMMS shall sell exclusively to FT for Products to be used for an FT Application.  For purposes hereof, FT Application means the use of any Product in the United States or Canada for: (i) the control of slag, corrosion, and fouling from the negative effects of fuel contaminants such as sulfur, sodium, vanadium, potassium, zinc, and others; (ii) the enhancement of combustion through the use of metal-bearing products that act as a catalyst in the combustion process, including but not limited to calcium nitrate, iron and copper based catalysts; (iii) the control of opacity, NOx and CO emissions, and acid smut by modifying the fouling and corrosive elements from the fuel input; and (iv) the clean up and removal of sludge or water accumulation in bulk oil storage tanks via utilization of a fuel oil dispersant.
 
3.6
Subject to its maintaining sufficient quantities of Products necessary to enable MMMS to meet its obligations under Paragraphs 3.1 and 3.2 hereof, MMMS shall be entitled to conduct any of the following activities without breach of Paragraph 3.5:
 
 
3

 

 
(a)
the use, or sale for use by another party, of Products (but not FT Blend Products) in connection with: (i) the reduction of sulfur dioxide using either lime or lime-based products or magnesia or magnesia-based products in coal or oil-fired units; or (ii) the injection of magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide from the convection section and beyond to control back-end corrosion or plume caused by sulfur trioxide in coal or oil-fired units;
 
 
(b)
sales of Flo-Mag® H to [*] , at the prices set forth in the pricing schedule described in Article 4, provided, that Flo-Mag® H sold to [*] shall be used solely to allow [*] to manufacture FT Blend Products for resale to FT customers for use in a FT Application;
 
 
(c)
sales of Products (but not FT Blend Products) to [*] as an end-user and not for resale, for [*] internal use only at [*] ; provided, however, that in connection with any such sales to [*] , MMMS shall pay to FT, on a monthly basis, but only for the first full year after MMMS commences sales to [*] , an amount equal to [*] Dollars ($ [*] )for each dry ton of Products sold to [*] for use at its [*] facility.  MMMS agrees that it shall keep true and accurate books of account documenting the dry tons of Products sold by MMMS to [*] along with a computation of the amounts payable to FT hereunder.  In addition, by the last day of the month following each calendar month beginning with the Effective Date of this Agreement (or if later, the calendar month in which MMMS commences sales to [*] ), MMMS shall deliver to FT payment and a written sales report (in the form provided by FT to MMMS) which quantifies the dry tons sold by MMMS pursuant to this Paragraph 3.6(c); and
 
 
(d)
sales of FT 8263 Plus: (1) to Energy Marine Services S.A. de C.V. (“EMS”) for resale by EMS to its end-user customers in Mexico that use FT’s targeted-in-furnace-injection system pursuant to a sublicense granted by EMS pursuant to that certain License Implementation Agreement, dated August 6, 2008, between FT and EMS (the “Implementation Agreement”), and (2) to Double V Holding, S.A. de C.V. (“ Double V”) for resale to such EMS end-user customers solely and exclusively in Double V’s capacity as a contractor for EMS under the Implementation Agreement; provided, that (i) MMMS will supply such Product to EMS or Double V, as the case may be, in delivered form only, and shall not provide EMS or Double V with any Specifications or FT Confidential Information relating to such Product; (ii) prior to any shipment of Product, MMMS shall obtain a purchase order or signed letter from EMS or Double V, as the case may be, executed by an authorized officer of such entity, confirming that the Product ordered is for resale in Mexico for a TIFI system pursuant to the Implementation Agreement, and the name of the ultimate end-user customer; and (iii) upon written notice from FT, MMMS will cease further shipments of Product to EMS or Double V until such time, as any, as FT provides MMMS with written authorization to recommence such shipments.
 
[*]=CERTAIN INFORMATION IN THIS EXHIBIT HAS BEEN OMITTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.  CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED WITH RESPECT TO THE OMITTED PORTIONS.
 
 
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The parties acknowledge and agree that nothing in this Agreement shall alter or affect the terms and provisions of that certain Non-Compete Agreement, dated September 30, 2003, between MMMS and FT.
 
Article 4 — Price
 
The fee for MMMS’s manufacture of Products shall be equal to the dollar amount for each Product in accordance with the pricing schedule delivered to FTI in writing on the date hereof.  Such fee shall be subject to increase to the extent, if any, of any documented increase in MMMS’ transportation and shipping costs in the manner set forth on such pricing schedule.  Except as may be specifically provided on such pricing schedule, Products shall be sold [*] .
 
Article 5 — Payment
 
5.1
Terms of payment on all invoices to FT shall be net [*] days.
 
5.2
FT shall remit payments to MMMS at the following address, or such other address as MMMS may provide to FT in accordance with the notice provisions under Article 18:
 
Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, LLC
P.O. Box 93186
Chicago, IL  60673-3186
 
Article 6 — Orders
 
6.1
In addition to the other forecasts provided above, FT shall provide to MMMS, on a monthly basis, a non-binding rolling four (4) week forecast of its requirements for Products.
 
6.2
FT will place orders with MMMS promptly following receipt of FT customer orders.

6.3
MMMS will invoice FT for Products as shipped.

6.4
MMMS shall keep and maintain monthly inventory records along with production records and shipment records and invoice records in conformance with its existing accounting practices, but in no event less than reasonable accounting practices and good industry practice.  FT shall have the right to inspect such records to assure accuracy and conformity with this Agreement.  Such inspection shall be in accordance with the procedures outlined in Paragraph 9.3.
 
6.5
(a)
MMMS will ship within the earlier of (i) five (5) days of receipt of an order and (ii) the time frame set forth in the applicable FT customer contract (the “ Delivery Period ”) (provided that timely notice is given to MMMS of such order in accordance with this Agreement and if such order calls for a delivery earlier than five (5) days of receipt of the order, FT has obtained the prior written consent of MMMS to such shortened Delivery Period).  MMMS will maintain adequate inventory levels at its Manistee Plant to meet such shipment schedule (“ Inventory Levels ”).  While MMMS will not be obligated to accept orders with Delivery Periods shorter than such five (5) days (unless MMMS has agreed in advance to such shorter Delivery Period), MMMS will use commercially reasonable efforts to accommodate shorter Delivery Periods.
 
[*]=CERTAIN INFORMATION IN THIS EXHIBIT HAS BEEN OMITTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.  CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED WITH RESPECT TO THE OMITTED PORTIONS.

 
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(b)
If MMMS fails to fulfill its obligations under Paragraph 6.5(a) above then, in addition to FT’s other rights and remedies under this Agreement, at law or in equity,  FT, in its sole discretion, may exercise one or more of the following additional remedies: (i) if FT’s underlying customer orders for such Products are cancelled due to MMMS’ failure to meet the Delivery Period or to maintain Inventory Levels, FT may cancel the uncompleted portion of any applicable FT order to MMMS for such affected underlying customer orders and immediately replace MMMS with an alternate supplier for the affected Products for each FT order so affected, and MMMS shall promptly reimburse FT for any reasonable out of pocket cost or expense of such alternate supply in excess of the price paid hereunder including, without limitation, reasonable additional freight charges associated with alternate supplier shipments to FT customers; and (ii) if expedited shipment is reasonably required by FT’s customer due to MMMS’ failure to meet the Delivery Period or to maintain Inventory Levels, MMMS shall arrange such shipment, and the reasonable extra cost of such expedited freight charges shall be the responsibility of MMMS.

 
(c)
MMMS shall ship the Products to FT customers using a FT bill of lading, FT product name, and FT product labels as instructed and provided by FT.
 
Article 7 — Coordination and Other Actions by FT
 
7.1
FT customer contract changes, exceptions, questions, service and other issues under such contracts will be the responsibility of FT.
 
Article 8 — Packaging
 
 
8.1
FT will provide MMMS with specifications and shall approve Product packaging materials which will bear the FT name and the applicable product name/trademark.  FT will also provide labels for MMMS to use.

 
8.2
FT authorizes MMMS to affix and apply the FT Trademarks to the Products as directed by FT for the sole purpose of MMMS performing the Product packaging services necessary to prepare the Products for shipment pursuant to this Agreement.  MMMS shall use FT Trademarks only in such manner as to preserve all rights of FT and not for any other purpose.  MMMS acquires no right to FT Trademarks by its use, and all uses by MMMS of the FT Trademarks will inure to FT’s sole benefit.  As used herein, “ FT Trademarks ” means those trademarks, trade names, service marks, slogans, designs, distinctive advertising, labels, logos, and other trade-identifying symbols as are or have been developed and used by FT or any of its subsidiaries or affiliate companies and which FT owns or has the right to use.

 
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Article 9 — Manufacturing Standards - Quality Control – Returned Goods
 
9.1
MMMS shall manufacture Products in accordance with the Specifications.  All work and/or services supplied hereunder will be performed in a workmanlike manner.  If FT or a FT customer determines that the Product does not meet the Specifications in any material respect in violation of Article 10, FT will notify MMMS of such determination.  FT will notify MMMS of any such determination as soon as reasonably practicable following such determination by FT or FT’s customer.  Upon receipt of such notification, MMMS may, at its option, but with FT’s prior approval (which approval will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), send a representative to examine such Product.  If such representative disagrees with FT’s or FT’s customer’s determination, the parties shall attempt to resolve such disagreement within ten (10) days following such representative’s examination.  If such disagreement has not been resolved within such ten (10)-day period, the parties shall settle the dispute in accordance with the dispute resolution provisions of Paragraph 18.9.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties will cooperate with one another in endeavoring to resolve any such customer disputes in the time frame reasonably required by the affected FT customer(s).  To help ensure compliance with Specifications, and proof thereof, MMMS shall take representative samples of each Product shipped hereunder, which shall be retained and made available to FT in accordance with Paragraph 9.5 below.
 
9.2
FT shall have the right to return to MMMS for credit any Product purchased under this Agreement that is determined to be defective or nonconforming pursuant to Paragraph 9.1.  Any such credits remaining at the expiration or other termination of this Agreement shall be paid by MMMS to FT.  Risk of loss and expenses incurred in shipping defective or nonconforming Product to FT or FT’s customers shall be borne by MMMS.  FT shall not be required to pay for any Product that fails to meet the Specifications in any material respect.  Return freight shall be the responsibility of MMMS.  FT will promptly provide MMMS with customer reports and samples of material for analysis, diagnosis, and disposition.
 
9.3
All relevant books and records of MMMS relating to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement may be examined, inspected, or audited by representatives of FT during normal business hours, upon written notice to MMMS at least three (3) business days prior to such activity.  It is understood and agreed that such books and records shall include, but not be limited to, customer invoices, purchase orders and chemical consumption data necessary to calculate the payments to be made by MMMS under Paragraph 3.6(c).  During any such activity on the premises of MMMS, all reasonable facilities and assistance for the safety and convenience of all the inspectors shall be provided by MMMS without additional charge to FT.  FT shall cause such representatives to comply fully with all reasonable safety procedures and instructions requested by MMMS.
 
 
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9.4
MMMS will ship the Products in accordance with good commercial practice.  The cost of replacing damaged goods resulting from packaging that does not conform with the Specifications will be the responsibility of MMMS.
 
9.5
MMMS shall maintain a quality control inspection system with respect to the Products in accordance with the practices agreed to in writing by the Parties.  Records of all inspection work done by MMMS on Products sold to FT, including Product samples to be taken by MMMS of each shipment under this Agreement, shall be kept complete and made available to FT for inspection, upon request, in accordance with the procedures outlined in Paragraph 9.3, for a period of one (1) year after delivery of products to FT or FT’s customers. FT may inspect quality control and compliance with procedures at the Manistee Plant; however, maintenance of quality and shipping standards in accordance with the terms of this Agreement shall be the responsibility of MMMS.
 
9.6
MMMS shall be responsible for the repair, maintenance, safety, and operations, including regulatory compliance related thereto, of its manufacturing facilities.
 
Article 10 — Product Representations and Warranties and Indemnification
 
10.1
MMMS represents and warrants as follows:
 
 
(a)
The Products sold to FT under this Agreement at the time of shipment shall be free from defects in material and workmanship and conform in all material respects with the Specifications.
 
 
(b)
The Products sold to FT under this Agreement at the time of shipment shall have been manufactured, packaged, labeled, and sold to FT in substantial compliance with all applicable federal and state laws, rules, and regulations.
 
 
(c)
At the time of shipment MMMS will have good title to the Products sold under this Agreement, and the Products at the time of shipment shall be free and clear from any security interest or any other lien or encumbrance.
 
10.2
FT’s acceptance of delivery of any Product or acceptance thereof by a customer of FT shall not constitute a waiver of any of the express representations and warranties stated in this Agreement.
 
10.3
MMMS shall indemnify and hold harmless FT, its directors, officers, shareholders, Affiliates, agents, and employees, from and against all litigation, claims, actions, damages, losses, and expenses, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, arising out of breach of MMMS’s representations and warranties contained in this Article 10; provided that FT may not make any claim for indemnity under this Paragraph 10.3 subsequent to one (1) year after receipt of the defective or nonconforming Product at FT’s or FT’s customer’s facility.  Any such claim not asserted within such one (1) year period shall be deemed to have been waived.
 
 
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10.4
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, MMMS MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ANY PRODUCTS.  THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE IN LIEU OF, AND MMMS HEREBY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS, ALL OTHER REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND OR NATURE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN FACT OR BY LAW, RELATING TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
Article 11 — Environmental Representations and Warranties and Indemnification
 
11.1
Definitions . For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms are defined as follows:
 
 
(a)
"Environmental Laws" means any applicable statute, code, enactment, ordinance, rule, regulation, permit, consent, approval, authorization, license, judgment, order, writ, common law rule (including without limitation the common law respecting nuisance and tortious liability), decree, injunction, or other requirement having the force and effect of law, whether local, state, territorial, or national, at any time relating to pollution or the protection of human health or the environment. 
 
 
(b)
"Hazardous Substances" means (i) any substance, waste, pollutant, contaminant, or material regulated, defined, or designated as hazardous, extremely or imminently hazardous, dangerous or toxic under any Environmental Laws, including but not limited to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601, et seq., the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. 6901, et seq., and the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 42 U.S.C. 1801, et seq., their implementing regulations and their state counterparts; (ii) petroleum and petroleum products; (iii) asbestos; and (iv) natural gas, synthetic gas, and any mixtures thereof.
 
11.2
MMMS represents and warrants that it is the sole owner or lessee and operator of its manufacturing and distribution facilities (including, without limitation the Manistee Plant) and is solely responsible for (i) compliance with all Environmental Laws and (ii) any and all releases of Hazardous Substances from such facilities, including but not limited to any releases of Hazardous Substances associated in any way with the manufacture of the Products sold to FT under this Agreement or, in the case of Product shipments, until risk of loss for the Products sold hereunder transfers from MMMS under the shipping terms set forth in Article 4.
 
11.3
MMMS retains sole responsibility for compliance with Environmental Laws and any and all releases of Hazardous Substances during the shipment and distribution of the Products hereunder, including any release of Hazardous Substances in, at, under, or on the property of MMMS's manufacturing and distribution facilities, in all such cases until risk of loss for the Products sold hereunder transfers from MMMS under the shipping terms set forth in Article 4.
 
 
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11.4
MMMS hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless FT, its directors, officers, shareholders, Affiliates, agents, and employees from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, penalties, liabilities, response costs, and expenses (including all out-of-pocket litigation costs and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) arising out of (i) the inaccuracy or incompleteness of any representation or warranty MMMS has provided in this Agreement or in any document or writing delivered under this Agreement, with respect to liability or alleged liability arising under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601, et seq., or any state or local counterpart or (ii) non-compliance with any Environmental Laws or the release of Hazardous Substances, including but not limited to non-compliance and releases of Hazardous Substances in violation of Paragraphs 11.2 and 11.3 above; provided, however, that FT may not make any claim for indemnity under this Paragraph 11.4 subsequent to five (5) years after the last date of receipt of Products under this Agreement.  Any such claim not asserted within such five (5) year period shall be deemed waived.
 
Article 12 — Survival
 
12.1
All of the representations and warranties and agreements of the parties contained in this Agreement (including, without limitation, the representations and warranties of MMMS contained in Articles 10 and 11 above, and the indemnification obligations set forth in Articles 10 and 11) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and continue in full force and effect for a period of twelve (12) months, except as provided in Paragraphs 10.3 and 11.4 above and Paragraph 16.7 below,   after the expiration or termination of this Agreement (except to the extent that, at the end of any such period, a claim for indemnity is then pending with respect to such representation, warranty, covenant, agreement or indemnification obligation).  The foregoing sentence notwithstanding, any liability which results from fraud on the part of the other party for which indemnity would otherwise be available under this Agreement, may be asserted at any time subject to the other provisions of this Agreement.
 
Article 13 — Safety
 
13.1
In all cases where FT or any representative thereof performs any inspection or other act contemplated hereunder at any of MMMS’s locations, FT shall comply, and shall cause such representatives to comply, with all applicable provisions of federal, state, and local safety laws and rules and shall take all necessary precautions for safe performance by FT representatives, including observing fully all reasonable requests of MMMS’s personnel as provided in Paragraph 9.3 hereof.  FT shall indemnify and hold harmless MMMS, its agents and employees, from and against all claims, damages, losses, and expenses, including but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, for personal injury or property damage arising directly out of any negligent failure by FT or any of its representatives to comply with this Paragraph 13.1.
 
 
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Article 14 — Termination for Breach
 
14.1
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, either Party, in addition to any other remedy at law or equity which it may have, shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time:
 
 
(a)
upon written notice to the other Party if such other Party has committed any material breach or has not complied in any material respect with any covenant, provision, or obligation herein contained and has failed to correct such breach or non-compliance within sixty (60) days after having received written notice thereof; or
 
 
(b)
automatically if such other Party is dissolved, declares bankruptcy, or goes into liquidation.
 
Article 15 — Intellectual Property
 
15.1
During the Term, FT hereby grants to MMMS a royalty-free, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use FT’s Confidential Information internally at its Manistee Plant solely to the extent necessary to manufacture FT Blend Products at its Manistee Plant for FT pursuant to this Agreement.
 
Article 16 — Confidentiality and Use of Technology
 
16.1
Definition of Confidential Information .  “ Confidential Information ” means any information:  (i) disclosed by one Party (the “ Disclosing Party ”) to the other (the “ Receiving Party ”), which, if in written, graphic, machine-readable, or other tangible form is marked as “Confidential” or “Proprietary,” or which, if disclosed orally or by demonstration, is identified at the time of initial disclosure as confidential and is summarized in writing and similarly marked and delivered to the Receiving Party within thirty (30) days of initial disclosure; (ii) which at the time it is disclosed is or should reasonably be known by the Receiving Party to be proprietary or confidential information of the Disclosing Party, such as MMMS’s pricing to FT for the Products and other items chargeable to FT under this Agreement, FT Product orders, prices for Products sold to FT customers, and FT’s actual as well as FT’s average sales price for any Products, and the FT Blend Specifications; (iii) which was included in the intellectual property rights acquired by FT from MMMS pursuant to the APA; and (iv) which is otherwise deemed to be “Confidential Information” by the terms of this Agreement.  As used in this Paragraph 16.1, the terms “ Receiving Party ” and “ Disclosing Party ” may be understood to include, as appropriate under the circumstances, FT or its Affiliates, as applicable, and MMMS or its Affiliates.  “ Affiliate ” shall mean, with respect to any Party, any other party directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such Party.  For purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any person or entity, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the  management and policies of such party through the ownership of voting securities; the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
 
 
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16.2
Confidential Information will exclude information that the Receiving Party can demonstrate is:  (i) now or hereafter, through no unauthorized act or failure to act on Receiving Party’s part, in the public domain; (ii) known to the Receiving Party from a source other than the Disclosing Party (including former employees of the Disclosing Party) without an obligation of confidentiality known to the Receiving Party at the time Receiving Party receives the same from the Disclosing Party, as evidenced by written records; (iii) hereafter furnished to the Receiving Party by a third party as a matter of right and without restriction on disclosure; (iv) furnished to others by the Disclosing Party without restriction on disclosure; or (v) independently developed by the Receiving Party without use of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information.  Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Receiving Party from disclosing Confidential Information to the extent the Receiving Party is legally compelled to do so by any governmental investigative or judicial agency pursuant to proceedings over which such agency has jurisdiction; provided, however, that prior to any such disclosure, the Receiving Party shall (a) assert the confidential nature of the Confidential Information to the agency; (b) immediately notify the Disclosing Party in writing of the agency’s order or request to disclose; and (c) at the expense of the Disclosing Party, cooperate fully with the Disclosing Party in protecting against any such disclosure and/or obtaining a protective order narrowing the scope of the compelled disclosure and protecting its confidentiality.
 
16.3
The Receiving Party shall treat as confidential all of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information and shall not use such Confidential Information except for the purpose of furthering the purpose of this Agreement as permitted and limited by this Agreement.  Without limiting the foregoing, the Receiving Party shall use the same degree of care and means that it utilizes to protect its own Confidential Information of a similar nature, but in any event not less than reasonable care and means, to prevent the unauthorized use or the disclosure of such Confidential Information to third parties.  The Confidential Information may be disclosed only to employees or contractors of the Receiving Party with a “need to know” who are instructed not to disclose the Confidential Information and not to use the Confidential Information for any purpose, except as set forth herein.  The Receiving Party shall have appropriate written agreements with any contractors that will receive Confidential Information sufficient to comply with the provisions of this Agreement.  A Receiving Party may not alter, decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, or otherwise modify any Confidential Information received hereunder, and the mingling of the Confidential Information with information of the Receiving Party shall not affect the confidential nature or ownership of the same as stated hereunder.
 
16.4
Each Party agrees that the terms and conditions of and prices under this Agreement, but not the existence of or the identity of the Parties to this Agreement, will be treated as the other Party’s Confidential Information and that no reference to the terms and conditions of this Agreement or to activities pertaining thereto may be made in any form of press release, public statement, or otherwise to a third party without the prior written consent of the other Party; provided, however, that each Party may disclose the terms and conditions of this Agreement:  (i) as may be required by law; (ii) to legal counsel of the Parties; (iii) in connection with the requirements of an initial public offering or securities filing; (iv) in confidence, to accountants, banks, and financing sources and their advisors; (v) in confidence, in connection with the enforcement of this Agreement; or (vi) in confidence, in connection with a merger or acquisition or proposed merger or acquisition of a Party.

 
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16.5
Each Party represents and warrants to the other that it has not used and shall not use in the course of its performance hereunder, and shall not disclose to the other, any confidential information of any third party, unless it is expressly authorized in writing by such third party to do so.
 
16.6
The Parties agree to consult with each other before issuing any press release or making any public statement with respect to this Agreement and, except as may be required by applicable law, will not issue any such press release or make any such public statement prior to obtaining the prior written consent and approval thereof from the other Party, which consent or approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
 
16.7
Upon expiration or other termination of this Agreement, each Party shall return the other Party’s Confidential Information and all documentation and data relating to raw material specifications, process monographs, formula cards, and procedure manuals related to FT Blend Products, and shall also deliver to the other Party a certificate of one of its officers representing that such officer has no knowledge of any materials described in this Paragraph 16.7 that have not been so delivered.  In lieu of returning Confidential Information of the other, a Party may instead elect to destroy the same, provided the officer certifies such destruction in the certification referenced above.  Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the confidentiality provisions of this Article 16 shall survive for a period of five (5) years following the expiration or other termination of this Agreement; provided that the confidentiality provisions of this Article 16 shall be perpetual with respect to the FT Blend Products and the FT Blend Specifications.
 
Article 17 — Force Majeure
 
17.1
Neither Party shall be liable to the other for any alleged or actual loss or damages  resulting from failure to perform due to events not in reasonable control of a Party, including, without limitation, acts of God, natural disasters, acts of civil or military authority, government priorities, fire, floods, epidemics, quarantine, energy crises, war, or riots (“ Force Majeure ”).   No Force Majeure shall relieve either party of its obligations of confidentiality or its obligation to pay any money already due and owing when the Force Majeure first starts.
 
17.2
Either Party experiencing a Force Majeure preventing it from performing its obligations (other than a payment obligation) under this Agreement (a “ Force Majeure Event ”) must notify the other Party of such in writing within a reasonable time, not to exceed thirty (30) days after the onset of the circumstances prompting such claim of a Force Majeure Event.  In the case of a Force Majeure Event affecting MMMS’s ability to deliver Products to FT or FT’s customers, MMMS shall provide FT with notice of such within three (3) days of the onset of the circumstances prompting such claim of a Force Majeure Event.

 
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17.3
Subject to 17.4 below, in any case of a Force Majeure Event, the time for performance under this Agreement will be extended by the number of days of delay caused by Force Majeure, but in no event shall the term of this Agreement be extended.
 
17.4
If MMMS is unable to deliver one or more of the Products in accordance with   the agreed delivery schedule for a period of five (5) days as a result of a Force Majeure Event, FT, in its sole discretion, may (i) extend the time of performance, or (ii) if FT’s underlying customer orders for such Products are cancelled due to the delay, cancel the uncompleted portion of any applicable FT order to MMMS for such affected underlying customer orders and immediately replace MMMS with an alternative supplier for the affected Products for any part or all of the duration of the Force Majeure Event, or (iii) upon sixty (60) days prior notice, immediately terminate this Agreement, in whole or in part, provided that FT shall not terminate this Agreement if such Force Majeure Event is cured within the sixty (60) day notice period.
 
17.5
A party claiming relief as a result of a Force Majeure Event must make all commercially reasonable efforts to overcome the effects of such Force Majeure Event so as to enable it to perform its obligations hereunder.
 
Article 18 — Miscellaneous
 
18.1
Insurance.   MMMS shall obtain and maintain, at its expense, a policy or policies   of insurance which include the terms set forth in Exhibit B for the duration of this Agreement.  MMMS will provide FT with details of all insurance effected in accordance with this clause.
 
18.2
Limitation of Liability .  Neither Party shall be liable under this Agreement or otherwise to the other Party or any third party for any incidental, consequential, special, punitive, or exemplary loss, damage, or expense, including without limitation loss of profit directly or indirectly arising from the sale or use of the Products, except where such loss, damage, or expense is caused by such Party’s actual fraud or willful breach hereof.
 
18.3
Governing Law .  This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Illinois without regard to its applicable conflicts of laws principles.
 
18.4
Notices .  Any notice, communication, or request under this Agreement to either of the Parties shall be in writing and shall be effectively delivered if delivered personally or sent by overnight courier service (with all fees prepaid), or by telecopy as follows:
 
 
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If to MMMS:
Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, LLC
 
195 Chesapeake Plaza, Suite 200
 
Baltimore, Maryland  21220
 
Attention:  President
 
(Telecopy:  410/780-5777)
   
with copies to:
Martin Marietta Materials, Inc.
 
2710 Wycliff Road
 
Raleigh, North Carolina  27607
 
Attention:  Senior Vice President and General Counsel
 
(Telecopy:  919/783-4535)
   
If to FT:
Fuel Tech, Inc.
 
27601 Bella Vista Pkwy
 
Warrenville, Illinois 60555-2299
 
Attention:  President
 
(Telecopy:  630/845-4501)

Any such notice, request, demand, or other communication shall be deemed to be given if delivered in person, on the date delivered, if made by facsimile transmission, on the date transmitted, or, if sent by overnight courier service, on the date sent as evidenced by the date of the bill of lading; and shall be deemed received if delivered in person, on the date of personal delivery, if made by facsimile transmission, upon confirmation of receipt (including electronic confirmation), or if sent by overnight courier service, on the first business day after the date sent.  Any Party sending a notice, request, demand, or other communication by facsimile transmission shall also send a hard copy of such notice, request, demand, or other communication by one of the other means of providing notice set forth in this Paragraph 18.4.  Any notice, request, demand, or other communication shall be given to such other representative or at such other address as a Party to this Agreement may furnish to the other Party in writing pursuant to this Paragraph 18.4.
 
18.5
Assignment .  This Agreement shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and assigns.  Neither MMMS nor FT shall assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder to any person or entity without the prior written consent of the other Party, except that (i) either Party shall be permitted to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to any Affiliate of such Party without the consent of the other Party hereto, (ii) MMMS may, without FT’s consent, assign its rights and obligations hereunder to any person or entity that acquires all or substantially all of the assets or operations of MMMS at its Manistee Plant, and (iii) no assignment by any Party shall relieve such Party of any of its obligations hereunder.  If MMMS assigns its rights and obligations hereunder in accordance with subsection (ii) above to any entity that, directly or indirectly, produces, manufactures, designs, provides, solicits orders for, sells, distributes, or markets products or services for an FT Application, FT shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time within ninety (90) days of such assignment, upon notice to the assignee, whereupon neither Party nor such assignee will have any continuing obligations or liabilities hereunder, except those that may have accrued prior to such termination.

 
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18.6
Sale of the Manistee Plant.   MMMS may sell the Manistee Plant to any person or entity; provided that, prior to the effective date of such sale, MMMS will continue to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement.  Moreover, under such circumstances, even if FT orders Products in volumes in excess of the amounts described in Paragraph 3.2, MMMS will use commercially reasonable efforts to manufacture and deliver all Products ordered by FT.  Unless FT terminates this Agreement pursuant to Paragraph 18.5, the purchaser of such plant will assume the obligations of MMMS hereunder.  MMMS shall provide notice to FT of any sale of the Manistee Plant in as far in advance as is commercially reasonable, under the circumstances, for MMMS to do so.  Nothing contained in this Paragraph 18.6, however, shall be construed as in any way requiring MMMS to in any way delay any sale of the Manistee Plant.
 
18.7
Independent Contractor .  MMMS is an independent contractor providing labor and services to FT and is not an employee, agent, partner, joint venture of FT or acting in any capacity other than as an independent contractor.  Neither MMMS nor its employees or agents shall have any claim against FT or any FT employee or agents for any benefit provided by FT to its employees including but not limiting to workers compensation, unemployment benefits and disability benefits.
 
18.8
Headings .  The captions and headings used in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and do not in any way limit or amplify the terms and provisions herein.
 
18.9
Dispute Resolution
 
 
(a)
The Parties shall attempt to settle any disputes, controversies, or claims arising out of this Agreement through consultation and negotiation in good faith and in a spirit of mutual cooperation.  If either Party believes that an issue requiring resolution has arisen, that Party shall notify the other Party as expeditiously as possible under the circumstances involved.  The other Party may request a written summary of the issue requiring resolution.  The Parties agree to arrange a meeting within ten (10) days to discuss the issues raised.  Within ten (10) days after that meeting, the other Party shall respond to the issue in writing with a proposed resolution of the problem.
 
 
(b)
If those attempts at resolution fail to resolve the issue, then the dispute, controversy, or claim shall be submitted first to a mutually acceptable neutral adviser for mediation.  Neither Party may unreasonably withhold acceptance of such a neutral advisor.

 
(c)
The selection of the neutral advisor shall be made within forty-five (45) days after written notice by one Party demanding mediation, and the mediation must be held within one hundred eighty (180) days after the initial demand for it.  By mutual agreement, however, the parties may postpone mediation until they have completed some specified but limited discovery about the dispute, controversy, or claim.  The cost of mediation shall be shared equally between the Parties.

 
16

 

 
(d)
Any dispute, controversy, or claim that the Parties cannot resolve by mutual agreement or mediation within one hundred eighty (180) days after the initial demand for mediation may then be submitted for litigation; provided, however, any dispute, controversy, or claim shall be submitted exclusively to a federal court in the State of Illinois having jurisdiction for resolution.

 
(e)
The use of the negotiation and/or mediation provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall not be construed (under such doctrines as laches, waiver, or estoppel) to have affected adversely any Party’s ability to pursue its legal remedies, and nothing in this Paragraph 18.9 shall prevent any Party from resorting to judicial proceedings if (1) good faith efforts to resolve a dispute under these procedures have been unsuccessful or (2) interim resort to a court is necessary to prevent
 
serious and irreparable injury to any Party or to others; provided any such litigation is brought in the exclusive forum specified in Paragraph 18.9© above.

18.10
Waiver of Jury Trial .  Each of the Parties irrevocably waives any right to a jury trial with respect to any matter arising out of or in connection with this Agreement.
 
18.11
Severability .  If any provision of this Agreement is for any reason held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, such judgment shall not affect, or impair or invalidate the remainder of the Agreement but shall be limited in its operation to the specific provision directly involved in the controversy and, in all other respects, this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect.
 
18.12
Amendments and Waivers .  This Agreement may be amended, or any provision hereof waived, only by written agreement signed by both MMMS and FT.  One or more waivers of any breach of any provision or obligation under this Agreement by either party shall not be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach.
 
18.13
Execution in Counterparts .  This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts by FT and MMMS, each of which when executed and delivered shall be an original, but all of which together constitutes one and the same document.
 
18.14
Schedule and Exhibits .  All schedules and exhibits attached hereto and listed below are incorporated herein and are a part of this Agreement:
 
 
(1)
Exhibit A
Insurance

[signature page follows]

 
17

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, FT and MMMS have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives.
 
FUEL TECH, INC.
 
MARTIN MARIETTA MAGNESIA
SPECIALTIES, LLC
         
By:
/s/ John Norris
 
By:
/s/ John R. Harman
 
  John Norris
   
John R. Harman
Title: President & CEO
   
Title: President

 
18

 

EXHIBIT A
 
INSURANCE

MMMS shall maintain at a minimum the following insurance coverage during the term of this Agreement:

 
1.
WORKER'S COMPENSATION INSURANCE OR SELF INSURANCE

Compliance with all applicable labor codes, acts, laws, or statutes, in the jurisdictions, where MMMS operates, including a waiver of subrogation in favor of FT, where permitted by law.  Where subrogation is prohibited by MMMS's insurer, MMMS must so inform FT in writing no later than ten (10) days after execution of this Agreement.

 
2.
EMPLOYER'S LIABILITY INSURANCE

Limits for injury or death per accident of no less than $1,000,000 each injury, $1,000,000 each employee for occupational disease and $1,000,000 policy limit for occupational disease, including a waiver of subrogation in favor of FT, where permitted by law.

 
3.
COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE

Insurance covering bodily injury, property damage, and personal injury on a coverage form at least as broad as the most recent edition of the Commercial General Liability Coverage Form (CG0001) as published by the Insurance Services Office, Inc. covering losses that occur during the policy period regardless of when the claim is made at limits not less than:

$ 2,000,000  
Each Occurrence Limit
$ 2,000,000  
General Aggregate Limit (Per Project)
$ 2,000,000  
Products/Completed Operations Aggregate Limit
$ 2,000,000  
Personal and Advertising Injury Limit
$ 50,000  
Fire Damage Liability (Any One Fire) *
$ 5,000  
Medical Payments (Any One Person)
  *  
This coverage could be provided under property insurance

 
(a)
This policy must name FT, and such other entities or persons as FT may designate, as an Additional Insured.

 
(b)
This policy shall be primary insurance to any other insurance that may be available to FT.  Any other insurance available to FT shall be non-contributing with and excess to this insurance.

 
(c)
This policy shall provide a General Aggregate Limit that applies per project by use of an endorsement form at least as broad as the most recent edition of Amendment of Aggregate Limits - Per Project (CG2503) as published by the Insurance Services Office, Inc.

 
4.
COMPREHENSIVE AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY INSURANCE
At least $1,000,000 for each person and accident, bodily injury and property damage combined.  Comprehensive Automobile Insurance shall include coverage for Owned, Hired and Non-Owned automobiles.

 

 

 
5.
UMBRELLA LIABILITY INSURANCE

Umbrella liability including Products/Completed Operations; Automobile Liability; and Employer’s Liability, with limits not less than $10,000,000 for each occurrence, excess of the primary insurance described in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 above.

 
6.
PROPERTY INSURANCE

On a MMMS manufacturing facility by MMMS manufacturing facility basis, property insurance is required with limits equal to or greater than MMMS’s full price to FT for the Products MMMS sells to FT each quarter on an aggregated quarterly basis.

 
7.
MISCELLANEOUS

1.            FT shall not by reason of its inclusion as an additional insured incur liability to the MMMS’s insurance companies for payment of premium for such insurance.

2.            These policies shall provide that such insurance shall not be canceled, materially altered, or non-renewed without affording FT at least thirty (30) days advance written notice.

3.            Evidence of coverage set forth herein shall provide FT thirty (30) days prior written notice to cancellation, termination, alteration or material change to such insurance.

4.            FT shall have the right to inspect or obtain a copy of the original policies of insurance evidencing the coverage set forth herein.

5.            MMMS shall furnish to FT a certificate of insurance evidencing the required insurance and showing FT and its designees, if any, as additional insured on the general liability policy, and the waiver of subrogation endorsement on the workers’ compensation policy before commencing performance of work hereunder.  MMMS shall maintain the same during the term of this Agreement.

6.            All required insurance documents shall be signed by an authorized representative of the insurance company(ies) and shall be issued and submitted to the following:  FT Corporation at the notification address stated in this Agreement.

7.            All such insurance shall be written by insurance companies who maintain a current A.M. Best rating of A-, VII or better.

 

 
 
Exhibit 10.8

ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT

by and among

Fuel Tech, Inc.,

Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc.

and

Peter D. Marx, Robert W. Pickering and Charles E. Trippel
 

 
 December 5, 2008

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
     
Page
       
ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS AND CONSTRUCTION
1
       
Section 1.1
Definitions
1
Section 1.2
Additional Defined Terms
6
Section 1.3
Construction
8
       
ARTICLE 2
THE TRANSACTION
8
       
Section 2.1
Purchase and Sale of Purchased Assets
8
Section 2.2
Excluded Assets
9
Section 2.3
Assumed Liabilities
10
Section 2.4
Excluded Liabilities
11
Section 2.5
Consideration
12
Section 2.6
Pre-Closing Adjustment
12
Section 2.7
Post-Closing Adjustment
13
Section 2.8
Earn-out Provisions
14
Section 2.9
Accounting Disputes
17
Section 2.10
Allocation of Purchase Price and Assumed Liabilities
17
Section 2.11
Closing
17
Section 2.12
Closing Deliveries
18
Section 2.13
Consents
19
       
ARTICLE 3
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLER AND THE SHAREHOLDERS
20
       
Section 3.1
Organization and Good Standing
20
Section 3.2
Authority and Enforceability
21
Section 3.3
No Conflict
21
Section 3.4
Capitalization and Ownership
22
Section 3.5
Financial Statements
22
Section 3.6
Books and Records
23
Section 3.7
Accounts Receivable
23
Section 3.8
Inventories
23
Section 3.9
No Undisclosed Liabilities
23
Section 3.10
Absence of Certain Changes and Events
24
Section 3.11
Assets
25
Section 3.12
Leased Real Property
26
Section 3.13
Intellectual Property
26
Section 3.14
Contracts
28
Section 3.15
Tax Matters
30
Section 3.16
Employee Benefit Matters
32
Section 3.17
Employment and Labor Matters
33
Section 3.18
Environmental, Health and Safety Matters
34
Section 3.19
Compliance with Laws, Judgments and Governmental Authorizations
34

 
-i-

 

Section 3.20
Legal Proceedings
35
Section 3.21
Customers and Suppliers
36
Section 3.22
Product Warranty
36
Section 3.23
Product Liability
37
Section 3.24
Insurance
37
Section 3.25
Foreign Corrupt Political Practices Act; Export Control
37
Section 3.26
Related Party Transactions
38
Section 3.27
No Guarantees
38
Section 3.28
Brokers or Finders
38
Section 3.29
Solvency
38
Section 3.30
Disclosure
38
     
ARTICLE 4
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASER
39
     
Section 4.1
Organization and Good Standing
39
Section 4.2
Authority and Enforceability
39
Section 4.3
No Conflict
39
Section 4.4
Legal Proceedings
40
Section 4.5
Brokers or Finders
40
     
ARTICLE 5
PRE-CLOSING COVENANTS
40
     
Section 5.1
Access and Investigation
40
Section 5.2
Operation of the Business of the Seller
41
Section 5.3
Consents and Filings; Reasonable Efforts
42
Section 5.4
Seller Notification
42
Section 5.5
No Negotiation
43
Section 5.6
Purchaser Notification
43
       
ARTICLE 6
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO OBLIGATION TO CLOSE
43
     
Section 6.1
Conditions to the Obligation of the Purchaser
43
Section 6.2
Conditions to the Obligation of the Seller
45
     
ARTICLE 7
TERMINATION
45
     
Section 7.1
Termination Events
45
Section 7.2
Effect of Termination
46
     
ARTICLE 8
ADDITIONAL COVENANTS
47
     
Section 8.1
Tax Matters
47
Section 8.2
Gross Up
47
Section 8.3
Tail Insurance
47
Section 8.4
Confidentiality
48
Section 8.5
Public Announcements
48
Section 8.6
Assistance in Proceedings
49
Section 8.7
Privileges
49
Section 8.8
Confidential Information, Noncompetition, Nonsolicitation and Nondisparagement
49

 
-ii-

 

Section 8.9
Use of Name
52
Section 8.10
Refunds and Remittances
52
Section 8.11
Access to Records
52
Section 8.12
Further Assurances
53
Section 8.13
Employees and Employee Benefits
53
       
ARTICLE 9
INDEMNIFICATION
55
     
Section 9.1
Indemnification by the Seller and each Shareholder
55
Section 9.2
Indemnification by the Purchaser
56
Section 9.3
Claim Procedure
56
Section 9.4
Third Party Claims
58
Section 9.5
Survival of Representations and Warranties
60
Section 9.6
Limitations on Liability
60
Section 9.7
Exercise of Remedies by Purchaser Indemnified Parties other than the Purchaser
62
     
ARTICLE 10
GENERAL PROVISIONS
62
     
Section 10.1
Selling Parties’ Representative
62
Section 10.2
Notices
63
Section 10.3
Amendment
64
Section 10.4
Waiver and Remedies
64
Section 10.5
Entire Agreement
65
Section 10.6
Assignment and Successors and No Third Party Rights
65
Section 10.7
Severability
65
Section 10.8
Exhibits and Schedules
65
Section 10.9
Interpretation
66
Section 10.10
Governing Law
66
Section 10.11
Specific Performance
66
Section 10.12
Jurisdiction and Service of Process
66
Section 10.13
Waiver of Jury Trial
66
Section 10.14
Expenses
67
Section 10.15
Counterparts
67

Schedule 2.1(e)
-
Contracts
Schedule 2.2(e)
-
Excluded Contracts
Schedule 2.2(g)
-
Excluded Assets
Schedule 2.3(a)
-
Current Liabilities
Schedule 2.6(e)
-
Seller Employees
Schedule 2.8(a)
-
Earn-out Calculation
Exhibit A
-
Bill of Sale
Exhibit B
-
Assignment and Assumption Agreement
Exhibit C
-
IP Assignments

 
-iii-

 

-
Seller Bring-Down Certificate
Exhibit E
-
Employment Agreement
-
Secretary’s Certificate
Exhibit G
-
Purchaser Bring-Down Certificate
 
 
-iv-

 

ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made as of December 5, 2008, by and among Fuel Tech, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Purchaser”); Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc., a New Hampshire corporation (the “Seller”); Peter Marx, an individual (“Marx”); Robert Pickering, an individual (“Pickering”); and Charles Trippel, an individual (“Trippel”).  Each of Marx, Pickering and Trippel are sometimes individually referred  to as a “Shareholder,” or, collectively, as the “Shareholders.”

The Seller desires to sell, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser desires to purchase and acquire from the Seller substantially all of the assets of the Seller, and the Purchaser has agreed to assume the Assumed Liabilities (as defined below) in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.  The Shareholders own all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Seller.

NOW, THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and in consideration of the mutual provisions set forth in this Agreement and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS AND CONSTRUCTION

Section 1.1      Definitions.  For the purposes of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements:

“Affiliate” means, with respect to a specified Person, a Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, the specified Person.  In addition to the foregoing, if the specified Person is an individual, the term “Affiliate” also includes (a) the individual’s spouse, (b) the members of the immediate family (including parents, siblings and children) of the individual or of the individual’s spouse and (c) any corporation, limited liability company, general or limited partnership, trust, association or other business or investment entity that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control with any of the foregoing individuals.  For purposes of this definition, the term “control” (including the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

“Ancillary Agreements” means, collectively, the Bill of Sale, the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, the Lease Assignment, the IP Assignments, the Employment Agreements and the Escrow Agreement.

“Closing Net Working Capital” means (a) all current assets of the Seller (including current prepaid assets, work in process and current accounts net of allowances for doubtful accounts, but excluding cash and cash equivalents) arising in the ordinary course of business minus (b) all current Liabilities of the Seller, in each case calculated as of the close of business on the Closing Date in accordance with GAAP, and reflecting the exclusion of the Excluded Assets and the Excluded Liabilities.

 
1

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
 
“Confidential Information” means any information, in whatever form or medium, concerning the business or affairs of the Seller, including, without limitation, any information (whether or not specifically labeled or identified as “confidential”), in any form or medium, that relates to the business, services, techniques, know-how, processes, methods, formulations, investments, finances, operations, plans, research or development of the Seller, and that is not generally known outside of the Seller.  Confidential Information includes, but is not limited to: the identity and information concerning the needs and preferences of current, former, and prospective customers; performance, compensation, and other personnel data concerning employees of the Seller; business plans and strategies; plans for recruiting and hiring new personnel; trade secrets; and pricing strategies and policies.  Confidential Information does not include (i) the general skills, knowledge, and experience gained during any Shareholder’s employment, (ii) the general skills and knowledge common to others in the industry, (iii) information that is or becomes publicly available without any breach of this Agreement (iv) information that is received in good faith from a third party and is not subject to an obligation of confidentiality owed by the third party or (v) is required by law, regulation, or judicial or administrative process to be disclosed.

“Consent” means any approval, consent, ratification, waiver or other authorization.

“Contract” means any contract, agreement, lease, license, commitment, understanding, franchise, warranty, guaranty, mortgage, note, bond, option, warrant, right or other instrument or consensual obligation, whether written or oral.

“Earn-out Lines of Business” means those products and services the sale of which result in Qualifying Gross Margin Dollars.

“Encumbrance” means any charge, claim, mortgage, servitude, easement, right of way, community or other marital property interest, covenant, equitable interest, license, lease or other possessory interest, lien, option, pledge, security interest, preference, priority, right of first refusal, restriction (other than any restriction on transferability imposed by federal or state securities Laws) or other encumbrance of any kind or nature whatsoever (whether absolute or contingent).

“Environmental Law” means any Law relating to the environment, natural resources, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, chemicals or public health and safety, including any Law pertaining to (a) treatment, storage, disposal, generation and transportation of toxic or hazardous substances or solid or hazardous waste, (b) air, water and noise pollution, (c) groundwater or soil contamination, (d) the release or threatened release into the environment of toxic or hazardous substances or solid or hazardous waste, including emissions, discharges, injections, spills, escapes or dumping of pollutants, contaminants or chemicals, (e) manufacture, processing, use, distribution, treatment, storage, disposal, transportation or handling of pollutants, contaminants, chemicals or industrial, toxic or hazardous substances or oil or petroleum products or solid or hazardous waste, (f) underground and other storage tanks or vessels, abandoned, disposed or discarded barrels, containers and other closed receptacles, (g) public health and safety or (h) the protection of wildlife, marine sanctuaries and wetlands, including all endangered and threatened species.

 
2

 

“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

“ERISA Affiliate” means any other Person that, together with the Seller, would be treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Code.

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, applied on a basis consistent throughout the periods covered thereby.

“Governmental Authority” means any (a) nation, region, state, county, city, town, village, district or other jurisdiction, (b) federal, state, local, municipal, foreign or other government, (c) governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature (including any governmental agency, branch, department or other entity and any court or other tribunal), (d) multinational organization or (e) body exercising, or entitled to exercise, any administrative, executive, judicial, legislative, police, regulatory or taxing authority or power of any nature.

“Governmental Authorization” means any Consent, license, franchise, permit or registration issued, granted, given or otherwise made available by or under the authority of any Governmental Authority or pursuant to any Law.

“Hazardous Material” means any waste or other substance that is listed, defined, designated or classified as, or otherwise determined to be, hazardous, radioactive or toxic or a pollutant or a contaminant under any Environmental Law, including any admixture or solution thereof, and including petroleum and all derivatives thereof or synthetic substitutes therefor, asbestos or asbestos-containing materials in any form or condition and polychlorinated biphenyls.

“Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person, (a) all indebtedness of such Person, whether or not contingent, for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments or debt securities and warrants or other rights to acquire any such instruments or securities and (c) all Indebtedness of others referred to in clauses (a) and (b) hereof guaranteed, directly or indirectly, in any manner by such Person, or in effect guaranteed directly or indirectly by such Person through an agreement (i) to pay or purchase such Indebtedness or to advance or supply funds for the payment or purchase of such Indebtedness, (ii) to purchase, sell or lease (as lessee or lessor) property, or to purchase or sell services, primarily for the purpose of enabling the debtor to make payment of such Indebtedness or to assure the holder of such Indebtedness against loss, (iii) to supply funds to or in any other manner invest in the debtor (including any agreement to pay for property or services irrespective of whether such property is received or such services are rendered), (iv) to grant an Encumbrance on property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the obligation secured thereby has been assumed, or (v) otherwise to assure a creditor against loss.

 
3

 

“Intellectual Property” means all of the following anywhere in the world and all legal rights, title or interest in, under or in respect of the following arising under Law, whether or not filed, perfected, registered or recorded and whether now or later existing, filed, issued or acquired, including all renewals: (a) all patents and applications for patents and all related reissues, reexaminations, divisions, renewals, extensions, provisionals, continuations and continuations in part; (b) all copyrights, copyright registrations and copyright applications, copyrightable works and all other corresponding rights; (c) all mask works, mask work registrations and mask work applications and all other corresponding rights; (d) all trade dress and trade names, logos, Internet addresses and domain names, trademarks and service marks and related registrations and applications, including any intent to use applications, supplemental registrations and any renewals or extensions, all other indicia of commercial source or origin and all goodwill associated with any of the foregoing; (e) all inventions (whether patentable or unpatentable and whether or not reduced to practice), know how, technology, technical data, trade secrets, confidential business information, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, research and development information, financial, marketing and business data, pricing and cost information, business and marketing plans, advertising and promotional materials, customer, distributor, reseller and supplier lists and information, correspondence, records, and other documentation, and other proprietary information of every kind; (f) all computer software (including source and object code), firmware, development tools, algorithms, files, records, technical drawings and related documentation, data and manuals; (g) all databases and data collections; (h) all other proprietary rights; and (i) all copies and tangible embodiments of any of the foregoing (in whatever form or medium).

“Internally Used Shrinkwrap Software” means software licensed to the Seller under generally available retail shrinkwrap or clickwrap licenses and used in the Seller’s business, but not incorporated into software, products or services licensed or sold, or anticipated to be licensed or sold, by the Seller to customers or otherwise resold or distributed by the Seller.

“IRS” means the Internal Revenue Service and, to the extent relevant, the Department of Treasury.

“Judgment” means any order, injunction, judgment, decree, ruling, assessment or arbitration award of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator.

“Knowledge”:  (a) a Shareholder will be considered to have “Knowledge” of a fact or matter if the individual is actually aware of the fact or matter after due and diligent inquiry of such fact or matter with Seller’s employees; (b) the Seller will be considered to have “Knowledge” of a fact or matter if the Seller or any Shareholder has Knowledge of the fact or matter; and (c) Purchaser will be considered to have “Knowledge” of a fact or matter if John P. Graham or John F. Norris Jr. has actual knowledge of such fact or matter.

 “Law” means any federal, state, local, municipal, foreign, international, multinational, or other constitution, law, statute, treaty, rule, regulation, ordinance, or code.

 
4

 

“Liability” means liabilities, debts or other obligations of any nature, whether known or unknown, absolute, accrued, contingent, liquidated, unliquidated, due or to become due, and whether or not required to be reflected on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP.

“Loss” means any loss, Proceeding, Judgment, damage, fine, penalty, expense (including reasonable attorneys’ or other professional fees and expenses and court costs), injury, diminution of value, Liability, Tax, Encumbrance or other cost, expense or adverse effect whatsoever, whether or not involving the claim of another Person; provided, however, that for all purposes other than a determination of the Purchaser’s Losses due to a breach of Section 8.8 hereof by the Seller or any Shareholder, Losses shall not include any punitive, special, consequential, indirect or incidental damages of any kind or nature, including lost profits.

“Material Adverse Effect” means any event, change, circumstance, effect or other matter that has, or could reasonably be expected to have, either individually or in the aggregate with all other events, changes, circumstances, effects or other matters, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, a material adverse effect on (a) the business, assets, Liabilities, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), operating results, operations or prospects of the Seller or Purchaser, as the case may be taken as a whole or (b) the ability of the Seller, Purchaser or any Shareholder to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate timely the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, however, that in no event shall any of the following be deemed, either alone or in combination, to constitute, nor shall any of the following be taken into account in determining whether there has been, a Material Adverse Effect: (i) any effect that results from changes in general economic conditions or changes in securities markets in general, or (ii) any effect that results from general changes in the industries in which the Seller operates.  

 “Occupational Safety and Health Law” means any Law designed to provide safe and healthful working conditions and to reduce occupational safety and health hazards, and any program, whether governmental or private (such as those promulgated or sponsored by industry associations and insurance companies), designed to provide safe and healthful working conditions.

 “Person” means an individual or an entity, including a corporation, limited liability company, general or limited partnership, trust, association or other business or investment entity, or any Governmental Authority.

“Proceeding” means any action, arbitration, audit, examination, investigation, hearing, litigation or suit (whether civil, criminal, administrative, judicial or investigative, whether formal or informal, and whether public or private) commenced, brought, conducted or heard by or before, or otherwise involving, any Governmental Authority or arbitrator.

 
5

 

“Seller Plan” means any “employee benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) for the benefit of any current or former director, officer, employee or consultant of the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate, or with respect to which the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate has or may have any Liability, including any “employee welfare benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA) and any other written or oral plan, Contract or arrangement involving direct or indirect compensation or benefits, including insurance coverage, severance or other termination pay or benefits, change in control, retention, performance, holiday pay, vacation pay, fringe benefits, disability benefits, pension, retirement plans, profit sharing, deferred compensation, bonuses, stock options, stock purchase, restricted stock or stock units, phantom stock, stock appreciation or other forms of incentive compensation or post-retirement compensation, maintained or contributed to by the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate (or that has been maintained or contributed to in the last six years by the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate) for the benefit of any current or former director, officer, employee or consultant of the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate, or with respect to which the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate has or may have any Liability.

“Tax” means (a) any federal, state, local, foreign or other tax, charge, fee, duty (including customs duty), levy or assessment, including any income, gross receipts, net proceeds, alternative or add-on minimum, corporation, ad valorem, turnover, real property, personal property (tangible or intangible), sales, use, franchise, excise, value added, stamp, leasing, lease, user, transfer, fuel, excess profits, profits, occupational, premium, interest equalization, windfall profits, severance, license, registration, payroll, environmental (including taxes under Section 59A of the Code), capital stock, capital duty, disability, estimated, gains, wealth, welfare, employee’s income withholding, other withholding, unemployment or social security or other tax of whatever kind (including any fee, assessment or other charges in the nature of or in lieu of any tax) that is imposed by any Governmental Authority, (b) any interest, fines, penalties or additions resulting from, attributable to, or incurred in connection with any items described in this paragraph or any related contest or dispute and (c) any items described in this paragraph that are attributable to another Person but that the Seller is liable to pay by Law, by Contract or otherwise, whether or not disputed.

 “Tax Return” means any report, return, declaration, claim for refund, or information return or statement related to Taxes, including any schedule or attachment thereto, and including any amendment thereof.

Section 1.2      Additional Defined Terms.  For purposes of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, the following terms have the meanings specified in the indicated Section of this Agreement:

Defined Term
Section
Adjustment Calculation
2.7(a)
Adjustment Notice
2.7(a)
Agreement
Preamble
Annual Earn-out Payment
2.8(d)
Annual Earn-out Period
2.8(a)
Arbitrating Accountant
2.9(a)
Assignment and Assumption Agreement
2.12(a)
Associate
3.26
Assumed Liabilities
2.3
Balance Sheet
3.5(a)
Bill of Sale
2.12(a)
Claim Notice
9.3(a)
 
 
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Closing
2.11
Closing Balance Sheet
2.7(a)
Closing Date
2.11
COBRA
8.13(d)
Confidentiality Agreement
8.4(a)
Controlling Party
9.4(c)
Dispute Notice
2.7(b)
Earn-out Calculation
2.8(a)
Economically Neutral
2.13(b)
Employment Agreements
2.12(a)
Estimated Closing Balance Sheet
2.6(a)
Estimated Closing Net Working Capital
2.6(a)
Excluded Assets
2.2
Excluded Liabilities
2.4
Final Closing Net Working Capital
2.7(a)
Financial Statements
3.5(a)
Hired Employee
8.13(a)
Indemnified Party
9.3(a)
Indemnifying Party
9.3(a)
Initial Purchase Price
2.5
Interim Balance Sheet
3.5(a)
IP Assignments
2.12(a)
Leased Real Property
3.12(b)
Noncontrolling Party
9.4(c)
Objection Notice
9.3(b)
Owned Intellectual Property
3.13(a)
Purchase Price
2.5
Purchased Assets
2.1
Purchased Intellectual Property
2.1
Purchaser
Preamble
Purchaser Indemnified Parties
9.1
Qualifying Gross Margin Dollars
Schedule 2.8(g)
Qualified Plan
3.16(e)
Restrictive Period
8.8(d)
Restricted Persons
8.4(b)
Seller
Preamble
Seller Disclosure Schedule
Article 3
Selling Parties’ Representative
10.1
Shareholders
Preamble
Special Claim
9.4(b)
Third Party Claim
9.4(a)
Third Party Intellectual Property
3.13(c)
Transfer Taxes
8.1(a)
 
 
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Section 1.3      Construction.  Any reference in this Agreement to an “Article,” “Section,” “Exhibit” or “Schedule” refers to the corresponding Article, Section, Exhibit or Schedule of or to this Agreement, unless the context indicates otherwise.  The table of contents and the headings of Articles and Sections are provided for convenience only and are not intended to affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.  All words used in this Agreement are to be construed to be of such gender or number as the circumstances require.  The words “including,” “includes,” or “include” are to be read as listing non-exclusive examples of the matters referred to, whether or not words such as “without limitation” or “but not limited to” are used in each instance.  Where this Agreement states that a party “shall,” “will” or “must” perform in some manner or otherwise act or omit to act, it means that the party is legally obligated to do so in accordance with this Agreement.  Any reference to a statute is deemed also to refer to any amendments or successor legislation as in effect at the relevant time.  Any reference to a Contract or other document as of a given date means the Contract or other document as amended, supplemented and modified from time to time through such date.

ARTICLE 2
THE TRANSACTION

Section 2.1      Purchase and Sale of Purchased Assets.  In accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and except as set forth in Section 2.2, at the Closing (as defined below), the Seller will sell, convey, assign, transfer and deliver to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser will purchase and acquire from the Seller, free and clear of all Encumbrances, all of the Seller’s right, title and interest in and to all of the Seller’s properties and assets of every kind and description existing on the Closing Date, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, and wherever located (collectively, the “Purchased Assets”), including the following:

(a)      all accounts receivable, including all trade accounts receivable and other rights to payment from customers, and the full benefit of all security for such accounts or rights to payment;

(b)      all inventories, wherever located, including all finished goods, work in process, raw materials, spare parts and all other materials and supplies to be used in the production of finished goods;

(c)      all rights, including Intellectual Property rights, in and to products sold or leased (including products hereafter sold, returned or repossessed and all rights of rescission, replevin, reclamation and rights to stoppage in transit);

(d)      all rights, including Intellectual Property rights, in and to products under research and development prior to the Closing;

(e)      all rights under all Contracts to which the Seller is a party, by which the Seller or any of the Purchased Assets is bound or affected or pursuant to which the Seller is an obligor or a beneficiary (including all outstanding offers, proposals or solicitations made by or to the Seller to enter into any such Contract), including those set forth on Schedule 2.1(e);

(f)      all machinery, equipment, furniture, furnishings, computer hardware, materials, vehicles, tools, dies, molds and other items of tangible personal property of every kind, and the full benefit of all express or implied warranties by the manufacturers or sellers or lessors of any item or component part thereof to the extent such warranties are transferable to the Purchaser;

 
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(g)      all rights in respect of the Leased Real Property;

(h)      all Intellectual Property owned by the Seller at the Closing Date (collectively, the “Purchased Intellectual Property”), and all other intangible rights, including all goodwill associated with the Seller’s business or the Purchased Assets;

(i)      all Governmental Authorizations and all pending applications therefor or renewals thereof, in each case to the extent transferable to the Purchaser;

(j)      all books, records, files, studies, manuals, reports and other materials (in any form or medium), including all advertising materials, catalogues, price lists, mailing lists, distribution lists, client and customer lists, referral sources, supplier and vendor lists, purchase orders, sales and purchase invoices, correspondence, production data, sales and promotional materials and records, purchasing materials and records, research and development files, records, data, Intellectual Property disclosures, manufacturing and quality control records and procedures, service and warranty records, equipment logs, operating guides and manuals, drawings, product specifications, engineering specifications, blueprints, financial and accounting records, litigation files, personnel and employee benefits records to the extent transferable under applicable Law, and copies of all other personnel records described in Section 2.2(b) to the extent the Seller is legally permitted to provide copies of such records to the Purchaser;
 
(k)      all rights and interests under all certificates for insurance, binders for insurance policies and insurance under which the Seller, its business or any of the Purchased Assets is or has been insured to the extent such rights or interests arise from or relate to any of the Assumed Liabilities or any casualty or Liability affecting the Seller’s business or any of the Purchased Assets;
 
(l)      all claims, rights, credits, causes of actions, defenses and rights of set-off against third parties relating to or arising from the Purchased Assets or Assumed Liabilities, in each case, whether accruing before or after the Closing ; and
 
(m)    all rights relating to deposits and prepaid expenses, claims for refunds and rights of offset that are not excluded under Section 2.2(f).
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the transfer of the Purchased Assets pursuant to this Agreement does not include the assumption of any Liability related to the Purchased Assets unless the Purchaser expressly assumes that Liability pursuant to Section 2.3.
 
Section 2.2      Excluded Assets.   Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 2.1 or elsewhere in this Agreement, the following assets of the Seller (collectively, the “Excluded Assets”) are excluded from the Purchased Assets, and are to be retained by the Seller as of the Closing:
 
 
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(a)      all cash or cash equivalents of the Seller, including any notes or loans receivable,  cash and cash equivalents held in any  bank or brokerage accounts of the Seller;
 
(b)      the corporate charter of Seller, qualifications to conduct business as a foreign corporation, arrangements with registered agents relating to foreign qualifications, taxpayer and other identification numbers, seals, minute books, stock transfer books, blank stock certificates, and other documents relating to the organization, maintenance, and existence of Seller as a corporation;
 
(c)      the shares of the capital stock of the Seller held in treasury;
 
(d)      all certificates for insurance, binders for insurance policies and insurance, and claims and rights thereunder and proceeds thereof, other than as described in Sections 2.1(k) and 2.1(l);
 
(e)      all of the Contracts set forth on Schedule 2.2(e);
 
(f)      all claims, deposits, refunds, causes of action, choses in action, rights of recovery, rights of set off, and rights of recoupment respecting any asset, obligation or liability of the Company which directly relate  to the Excluded  Assets or  obligations or liabilites not assumed by the Purchaser;
 
(g)      all claims arising out of or relating to former directors, officers, employees, agents, advisors, consultants or other representatives of Seller;
 
(h)      all claims for refund of Taxes and other governmental charges of whatever nature arising out of the Seller’s operation of its business or ownership of the Purchased Assets prior to the Closing;
 
( i )      the assets, properties and rights specifically set forth on Schedule 2.2(g);
 
(j)      all rights of the Seller under this Agreement or any of the Ancillary Agreements to which the Seller is a party; and
 
(k)      all assets of any Seller Plan.
 
Section 2.3      Assumed Liabilities.  In accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, at the Closing, the Purchaser will assume and pay or perform when due only the following Liabilities of the Seller (collectively, the “Assumed Liabilities”):

(a)      all current Liabilities of Seller, exclusive of Indebtedness, reflected in Schedule 2.3(a) attached or incurred by the Seller in the ordinary course of business and in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, including Section 5.2, between the date of the Interim Balance Sheet and the Closing (other than Liabilities payable to any Shareholder or any Affiliate of the Seller); and
 
 
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(b)      all Liabilities of the Seller arising after the Closing under the Contracts included in the Purchased Assets, including warranty commitments (except, in each case, for any Liability arising out of or relating to (A) any breach of, or failure to comply with, prior to the Closing, any covenant or obligation in any such Contract other than a breach of warranty claim or (B) any event that occurred prior to the Closing which, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, would constitute such a breach or failure) other than a breach of warranty claim; and

(c)      all bonding commitments of the Seller set forth on Schedule 2.3(c).

Section 2.4      Excluded Liabilities.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or any other writing to the contrary, and regardless of any information disclosed to the Purchaser, the Purchaser does not assume and has no responsibility for any Liabilities of the Seller other than the Assumed Liabilities specifically listed in Section 2.3 (such unassumed Liabilities, the “Excluded Liabilities”).   Without limiting the preceding sentence, the following is a non-exclusive list of Excluded Liabilities that the Purchaser does not assume and that the Seller will remain bound by and liable for, and will pay, discharge or perform when due:

(a)      all Liabilities arising out of or relating to any Excluded Asset;

(b)      all Liabilities under any Contract not assumed by the Purchaser under Section 2.3;

(c)       all Liabilities other than warranty commitments under any Contract assumed by the Purchaser pursuant to Section 2.3(b) that arise after the Closing but that arise out of or relate to (i) any breach of, or failure to comply with, prior to the Closing, any covenant or obligation in any such Contract or (ii) any event that occurred prior to the Closing which, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, would constitute such a breach or failure;

(d)      all Liabilities arising out of or relating to Indebtedness incurred by the Seller, including, without limitation, all of the Seller’s Indebtedness to any Shareholder;

(e)      all Liabilities for Taxes arising as a result of the operation of the Seller’s business or ownership of the Purchased Assets prior to the Closing, including any Taxes that arise as a result of the sale of the Purchased Assets pursuant to this Agreement and any deferred Taxes of any nature;

(f)       all Liabilities arising from or under any Environmental Law or Occupational Safety and Health Law arising out of or relating to the operation of the Seller’s business or the Seller’s leasing, ownership or operation of real property prior to the Closing;

(g)      all Liabilities arising under claims by employees or former employees of the Seller relating in any way to compensation, bonuses, incentive compensation, benefits (including workers’ compensation and unemployment benefits), termination or continuation of their employment, or lack or delay of any notice relating to their employment with the Seller prior to the Closing;

(h)      all Liabilities arising under or in connection with any Seller Plan (including any Seller Plan that may also be a Contract), or any termination, continuation, amendment or other acts or omissions in connection with any Seller Plan;

 
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(i)       all professional, financial advisory, broker, finder or other fees incurred by the Seller; and

(j)       all Liabilities of the Seller arising out of or incurred in connection with this Agreement, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or any other document executed in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Seller’s disclosures to or negotiations with creditors or Shareholders, or other legal obligations of the Seller.

In the event of any conflict between the second sentence of this Section 2.4 and Section 2.3 above, Section 2.3 will be deemed to control.

Section 2.5      Consideration.  The consideration for the Purchased Assets consists of (a) the payment at the Closing of $22,000,000, as adjusted immediately prior to Closing pursuant to Section 2.6 (the “Initial Purchase Price”), subject to further adjustment post-Closing in accordance with Section 2.7, (b) the earn-out payments contemplated by Section 2.8 below (together with the Initial Purchase Price, the “Purchase Price”), and (c) the assumption of the Assumed Liabilities.

Section 2.6      Pre-Closing Adjustment.

(a)      No later than three business days prior to the Closing Date, the Seller will prepare and deliver to the Purchaser an unaudited balance sheet of the Seller prepared on an estimated basis as of the close of business on the Closing Date (the “Estimated Closing Balance Sheet”).  The Estimated Closing Balance Sheet will be prepared in accordance with the Purchaser’s current accounting policies, including percentage of completion accounting, and GAAP.   The Seller will deliver with the Estimated Closing Balance Sheet (i) a statement setting forth the Seller’s calculation of the Closing Net Working Capital based on the Estimated Closing Balance and reflecting the exclusion of the Excluded Assets and Excluded Liabilities (including, without limitation, Indebtedness) (the “Estimated Closing Net Working Capital”) and (ii) a certification executed by the Shareholders that the Estimated Closing Balance Sheet fairly presents the financial condition and results of operations of the Seller as of the Closing Date.  

(b)      If the Estimated Closing Net Working Capital is less than $2,000,000, the Initial Purchase Price will be reduced by an amount equal to the sum obtained by subtracting the Estimated Closing Net Working Capital from $2,000,000.   If the Estimated Closing Net Working Capital is greater than $4,000,000, the Initial Purchase Price will be increased by an amount equal to the sum obtained by subtracting $4,000,000 from the Estimated Closing Net Working Capital.

 
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Section 2.7      Post-Closing Adjustment.

(a)      Within 180 days after the Closing Date, the Purchaser will prepare and deliver to the Seller written notice (the “Adjustment Notice”) containing (i) an unaudited balance sheet of the Seller as of the close of business on the Closing Date (the “Closing Balance Sheet”), (ii) the Purchaser’s calculation of the Closing Net Working Capital based on the Closing Balance Sheet and reflecting the exclusion of the Excluded Assets and Excluded Liabilities (the “Final Closing Net Working Capital”) and (iii) the Purchaser’s calculation of the amount of any payments required pursuant to Section 2.7(e) (the “Adjustment Calculation”).  The Closing Balance Sheet will be prepared in accordance with GAAP, and the Purchaser shall have caused the Closing Balance Sheet to have been reviewed or audited by its independent public accounting firm.   Upon receipt of the Adjustment Calculation, the Seller and/or its attorneys or accountants will have the right upon not less than two (2) business days prior written notice and during normal business hours to inspect and copy any or all of Purchaser’s records related to the Closing Balance Sheet, the Final Closing Net Working Capital and the Adjustment Calculation, including all accountant work papers.  Any inspection of Purchaser’s records requested by the Seller Representative shall be conducted at the expense of the Sellers, and Purchaser shall provide in advance (at no cost to Sellers except for reasonable copying and mailing costs) copies of all accounting reports of Purchaser bearing on the subject and related accountants work papers.

(b)      Within 30 days after delivery of the Adjustment Notice, the Seller will deliver to the Purchaser a written response in which the Seller will either:

(i)      agree in writing with the Adjustment Calculation, in which case such calculation will be final and binding on the parties for purposes of Section 2.7(e); or

(ii)      dispute the Adjustment Calculation by delivering to the Purchaser a written notice (a “Dispute Notice”) setting forth in reasonable detail the basis for each such disputed item and certifying that all such disputed items are being disputed in good faith.

(c)      If the Seller fails to take either of the foregoing actions within 30 days after delivery of the Adjustment Notice, then the Seller will be deemed to have irrevocably accepted the Adjustment Calculation, in which case, the Adjustment Calculation will be final and binding on the parties for purposes of Section 2.7(e).

(d)      If the Seller timely delivers a Dispute Notice to the Purchaser, then the Purchaser and the Seller will attempt in good faith, for a period of 30 days, to agree on the Adjustment Calculation for purposes of Section 2.7(e).  Any resolution by the Purchaser and the Seller during such 30-day period as to any disputed items will be final and binding on the parties for purposes of Section 2.7(e).  If the Purchaser and the Seller do not resolve all disputed items by the end of 30 days after the date of delivery of the Dispute Notice, then the Purchaser and the Seller will resolve the remaining items in dispute in accordance with Section 2.9 below.

(e)      If the Final Closing Net Working Capital as finally determined pursuant to this Section 2.7 is less than $3,000,000, then the Seller will pay to the Purchaser the amount of such difference in cash less the amount, if any, of any reduction in the Initial Purchase Price pursuant to Section 2.6(b) above.  If the Final Closing Net Working Capital as finally determined pursuant to this Section 2.7 is greater than $3,000,000, then the Purchaser will pay to the Seller the amount of such difference in cash less the amount, if any, of any increase in the Initial Purchase Price pursuant to Section 2.6(b) above.

 
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(f)      Any payment to the Purchaser pursuant Section 2.7(e) may be satisfied in the first instance by amounts deposited in escrow in connection with the determination of the Estimated Closing Net Working Capital pursuant to Section 2.6(b) and, any payment amount in excess of such escrow deposit shall be effected by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by the Purchaser.  Any payment to the Seller pursuant to Section 2.7(e) will be effected by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by the Seller.  Such payments will be made within five business days following the final determination of the Final Closing Net Working Capital in accordance with this Section 2.7.

(g)      The purpose of this Section 2.7 is to determine the final Initial Purchase Price to be paid by the Purchaser under this Agreement.  Accordingly, any adjustment pursuant hereto will neither be deemed to be an indemnification pursuant to Article 9, nor preclude the Purchaser from exercising any indemnification rights pursuant to Article 9; provided, however, that in no event will the Seller or the Shareholders be obligated to indemnify any Purchaser Indemnified Party for any Loss as a result of, or based upon or arising from, any Liability, to the extent, but only to the extent, such Liability is reflected in the calculation of the Final Closing Net Working Capital as finally determined pursuant to this Section 2.7.  Any payment made pursuant to this Section 2.7 will be treated by the parties for all purposes as an adjustment to the Initial Purchase Price and will not be subject to offset for any reason.

Section 2.8      Earn-out Provisions. The Purchaser undertakes to pay to the Seller, as additional consideration for the Purchased Assets, the amounts contemplated by this Section 2.8 as follows:

(a)      Within ninety (90) days after the end of each of the three consecutive twelve-month periods commencing on January 1, 2009 and ending December 31, 2011 (each, an “Annual Earn-out Period”), the Purchaser shall prepare and deliver to the Selling Parties’ Representative an “earn-out” calculation in accordance with Schedule 2.8(a) for each such prior Annual Earn-out Period (each, an “Earn-out Calculation”), together with all relevant work papers and supporting calculations and any other such information as Seller may reasonably request in writing to able to assess the accuracy of the calculation.  The Earn-out Calculation shall be accompanied by a statement certified by an officer of the Purchaser that said Earn-out Calculation is true, accurate and complete.  The Purchaser shall be entitled to defer the delivery of each such Earn-out Calculation for up to thirty (30) days if Purchaser has not received its audited annual financial statements and accompanying opinion letter from its accountants for such Annual Earn-out Period. The Earn-out Calculation shall be prepared in accordance with the Purchaser’s current accounting policies in accordance with GAAP, including percentage of completion accounting and the principles and terms described on Schedule 2.8(a) attached hereto.

 
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(b)      Within forty-five (45) days after the Earn-out Calculation has been delivered to the Selling Parties’ Representative pursuant to Section 2.8(a), the Selling Parties’ Representative shall deliver to the Purchaser either (i) a written acknowledgment accepting the Earn-out Calculation or (ii) a written report setting forth in reasonable detail any proposed adjustments to the Earn-out Calculation (the “Earn-out Adjustment Report”). If the Selling Parties’ Representative fails to respond to the Purchaser within such 45-day period, the Seller shall be deemed to have accepted and agreed to the Earn-out Calculation as delivered pursuant to Section 2.8(a). The Selling Parties’ Representative and/or his attorneys and accountants shall have the right, upon not less than two (2) business days prior written notice, to inspect and copy the books and records, including the accountants work papers, of the Purchaser during normal business hours in order to verify the accuracy of any Earn-out Calculation.

(c)      In the event that the Selling Parties’ Representative and the Purchaser fail to agree on any of the Selling Parties’ Representative’s proposed adjustments set forth in the Earn-out Adjustment Report within thirty (30) days after the Purchaser receives the Earn-out Adjustment Report, the Seller and the Purchaser agree that any such dispute shall be resolved the manner contemplated by Section 2.9 below.

(d)      No later than fifteen (15) days after the date on which each Earn-out Calculation is finally determined pursuant to this Section 2.8 for each respective Annual Earn-out Period, the Purchaser shall pay to the Seller the amount, if any, specified in the Earn-out Calculation (each an “Annual Earn-out Payment”). Any payment to the Seller pursuant to Section 2.8 will be effected by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by the Seller together with interest thereon for the period commencing ninety (90) days from the end of the Earn-out Period until the date paid at a rate per annum equal to the “Prime Rate” as published in the Midwestern Edition of the Wall Street Journal from time to time.  

(e)      The Purchaser and the Seller agree that until the expiration of the final Earn-out Period, the Purchaser shall require any successor (whether direct or indirect and either by purchase, lease, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Purchaser’s business and/or assets to assume this Agreement and to agree expressly to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Purchaser would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession.

(f)      Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Annual Earn-out Payments shall be subject to reduction as follows:

(i)      If any Shareholder’s employment with the Purchaser is terminated prior to the expiration of the second Annual Earn-out Period by the Shareholder without “Good Reason” or by the Purchaser for “Cause,” as defined in both instances by such Shareholder’s Employment Agreement, (each, a “Leaving Shareholder”), then for each such Leaving Shareholder, the Annual Earn-out Payment payable by the Purchaser to the Seller for the Earn-out Period during which such termination occurs (and all subsequent Earn-out Periods) will be reduced by an amount equal to twenty-five percent (25%) of the Annual Earn-out Payment that would have otherwise been payable for such period up to a maximum reduction of seventy-five percent (75%) (not including any deductions for set-off amounts pursuant to Section 2.8(g) below)  

 
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(ii)           A termination of a Shareholder’s employment for any reason whatsoever at any time on or after January 1, 2011 shall not further reduce the amount of the Annual Earn-out Payment, if any, to be paid for the third Annual Earn-out Period.

(g)     Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Purchaser may, at its option, deduct from the amounts of any Annual Earn-out Payment which may become payable hereunder the amounts of any Losses for which any Purchaser Indemnified Party has submitted a claim under Article 9 of this Agreement, other than a claim pursuant to Section 9.1(b) with respect to a breach of Section 8.8.  In the event that it is ultimately determined in accordance with the terms of this Agreement that such Purchaser Indemnified Person is not entitled to indemnification for all or a portion of such Losses, the Purchaser shall promptly pay to the Seller any amounts that had been deducted by the Purchaser under the immediately preceding sentence in respect of the disallowed Losses, to the extent not previously paid together with interest thereon for the period commencing ninety (90) days from the end of the Earn-out Period until the date paid at a rate per annum equal to the “Prime Rate” as published in the Midwestern Edition of the Wall Street Journal from time to time.  

(h)     Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that, from the Closing Date through the end of the final Annual Earn-out Period, Purchaser shall use commercially reasonable efforts to make all of its products, including those products included within the Earn-out Lines of Business, available to its customers consistent with customer preferences and without reference to whether the sale of such products would affect the earn-out contemplated by this Section 2.8; provided , however , it is further understood and agreed that: (i)  the decision whether to purchase any particular product will be made by the Purchaser’s customer, and no breach of this Section 2.8 will be deemed to have occurred based upon any such customer decisions, and (ii) the Purchaser’s obligations set forth above shall be subject, in all cases, to Purchaser’s fiduciary duties under Delaware law.

(i)       Purchaser shall conduct the Earn-out Lines of Business post Closing in such a manner as to be able to track all financial matters and related items necessary for calculating the Earn-out due hereunder and, in connection therewith, shall keep true, complete and accurate books of account and records, covering all transactions relating to the subject matter of this Section 2.8 (“Records”).  Upon not less than two (2) business days prior written notice, Seller and/or its representative may inspect and copy any of all Records during normal business hours, including, but not limited to, Seller's review of Purchaser’s Earn-out Calculation; provided, however, that the Purchaser shall be entitled to require any of the Seller’s representatives to enter into the Purchaser’s standard form of nondisclosure agreement prior to providing any such Records. Purchaser shall maintain the Records for three (3) years after the expiration of Calendar Year 2011.
 
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Section 2.9            Accounting Disputes.

(a)      In the event the parties dispute the determination of the Adjustment Calculation pursuant to Section 2.7 above or any Earn-out Calculation pursuant to Section 2.8 above, as the case may be, the parties shall jointly submit their dispute to a national accounting firm mutually selected by them and with respect to which no party hereto has had any relationship in the past three years (the “Arbitrating Accountant”) for final determination, whose determination shall be made within forty-five (45) days of the date the dispute is submitted to the Arbitrating Accountant; provided, however, that the determination of the Arbitrating Accountant shall be limited exclusively to either determination of (i) the Adjustment Calculation, or (ii) the applicable Earn-out Calculation and related accounting matters, as applicable, and shall not in any manner address the interpretation or legal effect of any other provision of this Agreement. The Arbitrating Accountant shall be permitted to conduct its own independent investigation of the disputed items as well as hear presentations of the disputed items from Purchaser and Sellers’ Representative. In the event of any such dispute, that portion of the Adjustment Calculation or Earn Out Payment, as the case may be, that is not in dispute shall be paid to the Seller at the time and  manner provided for herein.   The fees and expenses of the Arbitrating Accountant will be shared by the Purchaser and the Seller in proportion to the relative amounts of the disputed amount determined to be for the account of the Purchaser and the Seller, respectively.  The Arbitrating Accountant’s determination as to the Adjustment Calculation or any Earn-out Calculation, as the case may be, shall be final and binding on the Parties and shall be enforceable in a court of law .

(b)     For purposes of complying with this Section 2.9, the Purchaser and the Seller will promptly furnish to each other and to the Arbitrating Accountant such work papers and other documents and information relating to the disputed items as the Arbitrating Accountant may request and are available to that party and will be afforded the opportunity to present to the Arbitrating Accountant any material related to the disputed items and to discuss the items with the Arbitrating Accountant.  The Purchaser may require that the Arbitrating Accountant enter into a customary form of confidentiality agreement with respect to the work papers and other documents and information relating to the Purchaser’s business provided to the Arbitrating Accountant pursuant to this Section 2.9.

Section 2.10          Allocation of Purchase Price and Assumed Liabilities.   The Purchase Price and Assumed Liabilities will be allocated in accordance with a schedule to be prepared by the Purchaser in accordance with applicable Law.  After the Closing, the parties will make consistent use of the allocation, fair market values and useful lives specified in such schedule for all Tax purposes and in all filings, declarations and reports with the IRS in respect thereof, including the reports required to be filed under Section 1060 of the Code.  Within 45 days after the date the Purchase Price is determined, the Purchaser will prepare and deliver IRS Form 8594 to the Seller to be filed with the IRS.  Any adjustment to the Purchase Price will be allocated in accordance with Section 1060 of the Code.  In any Proceeding related to the determination of any Tax, neither the Purchaser, the Seller nor any Shareholder will contend or represent that such allocation is not a correct allocation.

Section 2.11          Closing.  The closing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the “Closing”) will take place at the offices of Purchaser in Warrenville, Illinois (or such other location the parties mutually agree upon in writing) , at 10:00 a.m., local time, on January 5, 2009, or, if all of the conditions set forth in Article 6 have not been satisfied or waived on such date, on such later date as soon as practicable, but in no event later than three business days after satisfaction or waiver of such conditions, or at such other time and place as the Purchaser and the Seller may agree in writing.  The date on which the Closing actually occurs is referred to in this Agreement as the “Closing Date.”
 
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Section 2.12          Closing Deliveries.

(a)     At the Closing, the Seller will deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser:

(i)      a bill of sale in the form of Exhibit A (the “Bill of Sale”) executed by the Seller;

(ii)           an assignment and assumption agreement in the form of Exhibit B (the “Assignment and Assumption Agreement”) executed by the Seller;

(iii)          assignments of all Purchased Intellectual Property in the forms of Exhibits C-1 and C-2 (collectively, the “IP Assignments”) executed by the Seller;

(iv)         a certificate in the form of Exhibit D, dated as of the Closing Date, executed by the Seller and by each Shareholder confirming the satisfaction of the conditions specified in Sections 6.1(a) – (e) (insofar as Section 6.1(d) relates to Proceedings involving the Seller or any of its Shareholders);

(v)          employment agreements in the forms attached as Exhibit E executed by each Shareholder (each, an “Employment Agreement”);

(vi)         a certificate in the form of Exhibit F of the secretary or assistant secretary of the Seller dated as of the Closing Date and attaching (A) the Seller’s charter and all amendments thereto, certified by the Secretary of State of the jurisdiction of the Seller’s incorporation not more than five business days prior to the Closing Date; (B) a certificate of good standing of the Seller certified by the Secretary of State of the jurisdiction of the Seller’s incorporation and each other jurisdiction where the Seller is authorized to do business, each issued not more than five business days prior to the Closing Date; (C) all resolutions of the Shareholders relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (D) incumbency and signatures of the officers of the Seller executing this Agreement or any other agreement contemplated by this Agreement;

(vii)         following confirmation of the wire transfer to Seller, a receipt for the Initial Purchase Price in form reasonably satisfactory to the Purchaser; and

(viii)        such other documents, instruments and agreements as the Purchaser reasonably requests for the purpose of consummating the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(b)     At the Closing, the Purchaser will deliver or cause to be delivered to the Seller:
 
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(i)      the Initial Purchase Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 2.6) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account(s) specified in writing by the Selling Parties’ Representative at least five days prior to Closing;

(ii)     the Assignment and Assumption Agreement executed by the Purchaser;

(iii)          the Bill of Sale and the IP Assignments, if any, that call for a signature by the Purchaser;

(iv)         executed counterparts to the Employment Agreements;

(v)          a certificate in the form of Exhibit G, dated as of the Closing Date, executed by the Purchaser confirming the satisfaction of the conditions specified in Sections 6.2(a) – (d) (insofar as Section 6.2(d) relates to proceedings involving the Purchaser); and

(vi)         such other documents, instruments and agreements as the Seller reasonably requests for the purpose of consummating the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 2.13          Consents.

(a)     Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Agreement does not constitute an agreement to sell, convey, assign, assume, transfer or deliver any interest in any Purchased Asset, or any claim, right, benefit or obligation arising thereunder or resulting therefrom if a sale, conveyance, assignment, assumption, transfer or delivery, or an attempt to make such a sale, conveyance, assignment, assumption, transfer or delivery, without the Consent of a third party would (i) constitute a breach or other contravention of the rights of such third party, (ii) would be ineffective with respect to any party to a Contract concerning such Purchased Asset or (iii) would, upon transfer, in any way adversely affect the rights of the Purchaser under such Purchased Asset.  If the sale, conveyance, assignment, transfer or delivery by the Seller to the Purchaser of any interest in, or assumption by the Purchaser of any Liability under, any Purchased Asset requires the Consent of a third party, then such sale, conveyance, assignment, transfer, delivery or assumption will be subject to such Consent being obtained.  Without limiting Section 2.13(b), if any Contract included in the Purchased Assets may not be assigned to the Purchaser by reason of the absence of any such Consent, the Purchaser will not be required to assume any Assumed Liability arising under such Contract.
 
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(b)     If any Consent in respect of a Purchased Asset has not been obtained on or before the Closing Date, the Seller will continue to use its best efforts to obtain such Consent as promptly as practicable after the Closing until such time as such Consent has been obtained, and to cooperate in any lawful and reasonable arrangement which will provide the Purchaser the benefits of any such Purchased Asset, including subcontracting, licensing or sublicensing to the Purchaser any or all of the Seller’s rights with respect to such Purchased Asset and including the enforcement for the benefit of the Purchaser of any and all rights of the Seller against a third party thereunder; provided, however, that the amount that the Seller shall compensate the Purchaser pursuant to any such subcontract, license or sublicense shall be an “Economically Neutral” amount with respect to the revenue, income, or commission, as the case may be, the Seller receives from the contractual counterparty. “Economically Neutral” is intended to mean (i) the net amount the Purchaser would have received from the contractual counterparty to such Contract if that Contract had been assigned to Purchaser at Closing as contemplated by this Agreement , and (ii) that Seller shall have no out-of-pocket expense in cooperating in such arrangement .   Once a Consent for the sale, conveyance, assignment, assumption, transfer and delivery of a Purchased Asset is obtained, the Seller will promptly assign, transfer, convey and deliver such Purchased Asset to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser will assume the obligations under such Purchased Asset assigned to the Purchaser from and after the date of assignment to the Purchaser pursuant to an assignment and assumption agreement substantially similar in terms to those of the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, which assignment and assumption agreement the parties will prepare, execute and deliver in good faith at the time of such transfer, all at no additional cost to the Purchaser. If and when such Consents are obtained or such other required actions have been taken, the transfer of such Purchased Asset will be effected in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.  

(c)     Nothing in this Section 2.13 will be deemed a waiver by the Purchaser of its right to have received on or before the Closing an effective assignment of all of the Purchased Assets or of the covenant of the Seller to obtain all Consents, nor will this Section 2.13 be deemed to constitute an agreement to exclude from the Purchased Assets any of the Assets described under Section 2.1.

ARTICLE 3
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLER AND THE SHAREHOLDERS

The Seller and each Shareholder jointly and severally represents and warrants to the Purchaser that as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date the statements set forth in this Article 3 are true and correct, except as set forth on the disclosure schedule delivered by the Seller to the Purchaser concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and dated as of the date of this Agreement (the “Seller Disclosure Schedule”):

Section 3.1      Organization and Good Standing.  The Seller is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to conduct its business as presently conducted.  The Seller is duly qualified or licensed to do business and, where applicable as a legal concept, is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties it owns, operates or leases or the nature of its activities makes such qualification or licensure necessary.  Section 3.1 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of the Seller’s jurisdiction of incorporation and the other jurisdictions in which it is authorized to do business, and an accurate and complete list of the Seller’s current directors and officers.  The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser accurate and complete copies of the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Seller, as currently in effect, and the Seller is not in default under or in violation of any provision thereof.
 
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Section 3.2      Authority and Enforceability.

(a)     The Seller has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement to which the Seller is a party and to perform its obligations under this Agreement and each such Ancillary Agreement.  The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the shareholders of Seller.  The Seller has duly and validly executed and delivered this Agreement and, on or prior to the Closing, the Seller will have duly and validly executed and delivered each Ancillary Agreement to which it is a party.  This Agreement constitutes, and upon execution and delivery each Ancillary Agreement to which the Seller is a party will constitute, the valid and binding obligation of the Seller, enforceable against the Seller in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity).

(b)     Each Shareholder has all requisite power, authority and legal capacity to execute and deliver this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement to which such Shareholder is a party and to perform its respective obligations under this Agreement and each such Ancillary Agreement. Each Shareholder has duly and validly executed and delivered this Agreement and, on or prior to the Closing, each Shareholder will have duly and validly executed and delivered each Ancillary Agreement to which it is a party.  This Agreement constitutes, and upon execution and delivery of each Ancillary Agreement to which a Shareholder is a party will constitute, the valid and binding obligation of the Shareholder that is party thereto, enforceable against such Shareholder in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity).  

Section 3.3      No Conflict. Except as set forth in Section 3.3 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule regarding required consents from third parties or Governmental Authorities or required filings with Governmental Authorities, neither the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement by the Seller or any Shareholder, nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, will (a) directly or indirectly (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) conflict with, result in a breach or violation of, constitute a default under, give rise to any right of revocation, withdrawal, suspension, acceleration, cancellation, termination, modification, imposition of additional obligations or loss of rights under, result in any payment becoming due under, or result in the imposition of any Encumbrances on any of the properties or assets of the Seller (including the Purchased Assets) under, or otherwise give rise to any right on the part of any Person to exercise any remedy or obtain any relief against Seller or any Shareholder under (i) the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the Seller or any resolution adopted by the board of directors or Shareholders of the Seller, (ii) any Contract to which the Seller or any Shareholder is a party, by which the Seller, any Shareholder or any of their respective properties or assets (including the Purchased Assets) is bound or affected or pursuant to which the Seller or any Shareholder is an obligor or a beneficiary or (iii) any Law, Judgment or Governmental Authorization applicable to the Seller or any Shareholder or any of their respective businesses, properties or assets (including the Purchased Assets) ; or (b) require the Seller or any Shareholder to obtain any Consent or Governmental Authorization of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any Governmental Authority or other Person, except with respect to clauses (a)(iii) and (b) in any case that would not reasonably be expected to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
 
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Section 3.4      Capitalization and Ownership.

(a)      The authorized equity securities of the Seller at the time of Closing will consist of 20,000 shares of common stock, no par value, of which 16,500 shares are issued and outstanding.  The Shareholders are and on the Closing Date will be the sole record holders and beneficial owners, free and clear of all Encumbrances, of all of the issued and outstanding equity securities of the Seller.  Except as set forth in Section 3.4 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, there are no Contracts that bind the Seller or the Shareholders to vote, offer, purchase, issue, sell or transfer any securities of the Seller (including voting trusts, proxies, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, co-sale rights or “bring-along” rights). No holder of Indebtedness of the Seller has any right to convert or exchange such Indebtedness for any equity securities or other securities of the Seller.

(b)      The Seller does not own, control or have any rights to acquire, directly or indirectly, any capital stock or other equity interests or debt instruments or securities of any Person.  The Seller is not subject to any obligation or requirement to provide funds to or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in any Person.

Section 3.5      Financial Statements.

(a)      Attached as Section 3.5 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule are the following financial statements (collectively, the “Financial Statements”):

(i)      unaudited balance sheets of the Seller as of December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2007 (the most recent of which, the “Balance Sheet”) and the related unaudited statements of income, changes in Shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the fiscal years then ended; and

(ii)           an unaudited balance sheet of the Seller as of June 30, 2008 (the “Interim Balance Sheet”) and the related year-to-date unaudited statements of income, changes in Shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the period then ended.

(b)           The Financial Statements (including the notes thereto) are correct and complete in all material respects, are consistent with the books and records of the Seller and have been prepared in accordance the past custom and practice of Seller as described in Section 3.5(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, consistently applied throughout the periods involved.  The Financial Statements fairly present the financial condition, results of operations, changes in Shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Seller as of the respective dates and for the periods indicated therein provided, however, that the Interim Balance Sheet is subject to normal year-end audit adjustments (which will not be materially adverse, individually or in the aggregate) and lack footnotes required under GAAP .
 
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Section 3.6      Books and Records.  The books of account, minute books, stock record books and other records of the Seller, all of which have been made available to the Purchaser, are accurate and complete in all material respects.

Section 3.7      Accounts Receivable.  All accounts receivable of Seller are reflected properly on the Balance Sheet, the Interim Balance Sheet or the accounting records of the Seller   as of the Closing Date and represent valid obligations arising from sales actually made or services actually performed in the ordinary course of business. Except as set forth in Section 3.7 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule such accounts receivable are current and collectible, net of the respective reserve set forth in the corresponding line items on the Balance Sheet or the Interim Balance Sheet or on the accounting records of the Seller   as of the Closing Date, as the case may be (which reserves have been calculated consistent with the past custom and practice of the Seller).  Subject to such reserves and reasonable efforts to collect same , each such account receivable either has been or will be collected in full, without any setoff, within 150 days after the date on which it first becomes due and payable. Except as set forth in Section 3.7 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule there is no contest, claim, defense or right of setoff, other than returns in the ordinary course of business, relating to the amount or validity of such note or account receivable.  

Section 3.8      Inventories.  All inventories of the Seller are of a quality and quantity usable and, with respect to finished goods, salable in the ordinary course of business.  None of such inventory is slow-moving, obsolete, damaged, defective or of below-standard quality, and all of which has been or will be written off or written down to net realizable value on the Balance Sheet, the Interim Balance Sheet or the accounting records of the Seller   as of the Closing Date in accordance with the past custom and practice of the Seller.  The values at which such inventories are carried reflect an inventory valuation policy in accordance with the past custom and practice of the Seller.  The quantities of each item of inventory are not excessive, but are reasonable in the present circumstances of the Seller’s business.  Since the date of the Balance Sheet, the Seller has continued to replenish inventories in the ordinary course of business and at a cost not exceeding market prices prevailing at the time of purchase.  All inventories are maintained at the facilities of the Seller and no inventory is held on a consignment basis.  The Seller does not have any commitments to purchase inventory other than in the ordinary course of business.

Section 3.9      No Undisclosed Liabilities.  The Seller has no Liabilities except for (a) Liabilities accrued or expressly reserved for in line items on the Balance Sheet , (b) Liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business after the date of the Balance Sheet , and (c) Liabilities of the type not required to be reflected or disclosed on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP (or the notes thereto).   The Estimated Closing Balance Sheet, when delivered under Section 2.6, will have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, in a manner consistent with the methods and practices used to prepare the Interim Balance Sheet, and correctly and fairly presents the Estimated Closing Net Working Capital and the other information set forth therein, all in compliance with the applicable provisions of Section 2.6.  
 
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Section 3.10          Absence of Certain Changes and Events.  Since the date of the Interim Balance Sheet, the Seller has conducted its business only in the ordinary course of business and   there has not been any Material Adverse Effect.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, since the date of the Balance Sheet, there has not been any:

(a)     amendment or authorization of any amendment to the Seller’s articles of incorporation, other than to increase the authorized capital of the Seller;

(b)           other than as set forth in Section 3.10(a) above, change in the Seller’s authorized or issued capital stock, or issuance, sale, grant, repurchase, redemption, pledge or other disposition of or Encumbrance on any shares of the Seller’s capital stock or other voting securities or any securities convertible, exchangeable or redeemable for, or any options, warrants or other rights to acquire, any such securities;

(c)     split, combination or reclassification of any of Seller’s capital stock;

(d)     declaration, setting aside or payment of any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) in respect of the Seller’s capital stock;

(e)     other than loans from the Shareholders, (i) issuance, incurrence, assumption, guarantee or amendment of any Indebtedness, or  (ii)  loans, advances (other than routine advances to the Seller’s employees in the ordinary course of business) or capital contributions to, or investment in, any other Person, other than in accordance with the Seller’s cash investment policy as described in Section 3.10(e) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule;

(f)            sale, lease, license, pledge or other disposition of, or Encumbrance on, any of the Seller’s properties or assets (other than sales of inventory for fair consideration or disposition of damaged or obsolete items and in the ordinary course of business);

(g)     acquisition (i) by merger or consolidation with, or by purchase of all or a substantial portion of the assets or any stock of, or by any other manner, any business or Person or (ii) of any properties or assets that are material to the Seller individually or in the aggregate, except purchases of inventory for fair consideration and in the ordinary course of business;

(h)     damage to, or destruction or loss of, any of the Seller’s properties or assets with an aggregate value to the Seller in excess of $10,000, whether or not covered by insurance;

(i)      entry into, modification, acceleration, cancellation or termination of, or receipt of notice of cancellation or termination of, any Contract (or series of related Contracts) which involves a total remaining commitment by or to the Seller of at least $25,000 outside the ordinary course of business;
 
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(j)      (i)     except as required by Law, adoption, entry into, termination or amendment of any Seller Plan, collective bargaining agreement or employment, severance or similar Contract, (ii) increase in the compensation or fringe benefits of, or payment of any bonus to, any director, officer, employee or consultant or other independent contractor of the Seller, (iii) amendment or acceleration by the Seller of the payment, right to payment or vesting of any compensation or benefits, (iv) payment by the Seller of any benefit not provided for as of the date of this Agreement under any Seller Plan, (v) grant by the Seller of any awards under any bonus, incentive, performance or other compensation plan or arrangement or benefit plan, including the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock based or stock related awards, performance units or restricted stock, or the removal of existing restrictions in any Seller Plans or Contracts or awards made thereunder or (vi) any action by the Seller other than in the ordinary course of business to fund or in any other way secure the payment of compensation or benefits under any Seller Plan;

(k)     cancellation, compromise, release or waiver of any claims or rights (or series of related claims or rights) with a value to the Seller exceeding $10,000 or otherwise outside the ordinary course of business;

(l)      settlement or compromise in connection with any Proceeding involving the Seller;

(m)          capital expenditure or other expenditure by the Seller with respect to property, plant or equipment in excess of $10,000 in the aggregate;  

(n)     change in the Seller’s accounting principles, methods or practices;

(o)     acceleration or delay in the payment of accounts payable or other Liabilities or in the collection of notes or accounts receivable;

(p)     making or rescission by the Seller of any Tax election, settlement or compromise of any Tax Liability or amendment of any Tax Return; or

(q)     agreement by the Seller, whether in writing or otherwise, to do any of the foregoing.

Section 3.11          Assets.   The Seller has good and marketable title to, or in the case of leased properties and assets, valid leasehold interests in, all of the Purchased Assets, free and clear of any Encumbrances.  The Purchased Assets constitute all of the properties and assets used in or necessary to conduct the Seller’s business as conducted and as currently planned to be conducted by the Seller.  None of the Excluded Assets is material to the Seller’s business.
 
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Section 3.12          Leased Real Property.

(a)     The Seller does not own any real property, nor has the Seller ever owned any real property.

(b)     Section 3.12(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete description (by street address of the subject leased real property, the date and term of the lease, sublease or other occupancy right, the name of the parties thereto, each amendment thereto and the aggregate annual rent payable thereunder) of all land, buildings, structures, fixtures, improvements and other interests in real property that is leased or otherwise occupied by the Seller exclusive of any occupancy by the Seller of customer sites during the course of installations (the “Leased Real Property”).  The Seller holds valid leasehold interests in the Leased Real Property, free and clear of any Encumbrances . The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser accurate and complete copies of all leases relating to the Leased Real Property.  With respect to each such lease, the Seller has not exercised or given any notice of exercise of, nor has any lessor or landlord exercised or given any notice of exercise by such party of, any option to purchase , right of first offer or right of first refusal to purchase contained in any such lease.  The rental set forth in each lease of the Leased Real Property is the actual rental being paid, and there are no separate agreements or understandings with respect to the same.  Each lease of the Leased Real Property grants the Seller the exclusive right to use and occupy the demised premises thereunder.

(c)     The Seller is in peaceful and undisturbed possession of the Leased Real Property, and   there are no contractual or   legal restrictions that preclude or restrict the ability of the Seller to use such Leased Real Property for the purposes for which it is currently being used.  The Seller has not subleased, licensed or otherwise granted to any Person the right to use or occupy any portion of the Leased Real Property, and the Seller has not received notice, and the Seller has no Knowledge, of any claim of any Person to the contrary.

Section 3.13          Intellectual Property.  

(a)           The Seller owns or otherwise possesses valid and legally enforceable rights to use the Purchased Intellectual Property.  The Purchased Intellectual Property constitutes all of the Intellectual Property used in or necessary to conduct the Seller’s business as conducted by the Seller.  Section 3.13(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of all of the Purchased Intellectual Property, other than the Third Party Intellectual Property listed in the Seller Disclosure Schedule pursuant to Section 3.13(c), that is owned by the Seller (the “Owned Intellectual Property”). The Seller is the sole and exclusive owner of the Owned Intellectual Property, has the right to transfer the Owned Intellectual Property as contemplated by this Agreement and has executed no agreement and taken no action in conflict with this Agreement or in derogation of the rights transferred under this Agreement. The transfer of the Owned Intellectual Property to the Purchaser will vest solely and exclusively in the Purchaser valid title to the Owned Intellectual Property, and the full right to use, license and transfer the Purchased Intellectual Property in the same manner and on the same terms and conditions that the Seller had immediately prior to the Closing.
 
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(b)           With respect to the Owned Intellectual Property, Section 3.13(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list (by name and, where applicable, registration number and jurisdiction of registration, application, certification and filing) of (i) all patents and patent applications, registered and unregistered trademarks and service marks (including Internet domain names) and applications for the same, trade names, corporate names and copyright registrations and applications, indicating for each, the applicable jurisdiction, registration number (or application number) and date issued (or date filed) and (ii) all computer software items (provided the Seller need not separately list licenses of Internally Used Shrinkwrap Software), and identifies all Contracts under which the Seller has licensed or otherwise granted rights in any of the Owned Intellectual Property to any Person.

(c)           Section 3.13(c) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of all Intellectual Property that any third party has licensed or sublicensed to the Seller or otherwise authorized the Seller to use (the “Third Party Intellectual Property”), including a list of the related Contracts (provided the Seller need not separately list licenses of Internally Used Shrinkwrap Software).  The Seller has not granted any sublicense or similar right with respect to any such Third Party Intellectual Property.

(d)           The Owned Intellectual Property is free of all payment obligations and other Encumbrances and is not subject to any Judgments or limitations or restrictions on use or otherwise.  No Person has any rights in the Owned Intellectual Property that could cause any reversion or renewal of rights in favor of that Person or termination of the Seller’s rights in the Owned Intellectual Property.  There is no Proceeding, Judgment, Contract or other arrangement that prohibits or restricts the Seller from carrying on the Seller’s business, or any portion of it, anywhere in the world.

(e)           All patents and registered and unregistered trademarks, service marks and copyrights included in the Purchased Intellectual Property are valid and subsisting under applicable Law.  The Purchased Intellectual Property does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise conflict with or violate any Intellectual Property rights of any Person, and to the extent the patents included therein are issued, such patents are valid, lawfully issued and enforceable, and to the extent pending, valid, not abandoned and patentable.  The Purchaser’s exploitation of the Purchased Intellectual Property, including without limitation, the manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale or importation of any product containing the Purchased Intellectual Property, will not result in infringement of any Intellectual Property Right of any Person, now or hereafter existing, including, without limitation, any patent of any Person, all applications from which such patents claim priority, all continuations, divisions, reissues or other applications claiming priority to any of the foregoing, all patents issuing from any of the foregoing, and all reissues, reexaminations and extensions of the foregoing, in each case anywhere in the world.  No event has occurred or circumstance exists that could render any of the Purchased Intellectual Property invalid or unenforceable.  The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser accurate and complete copies of all patents, registrations and applications, each as amended to date, included in the Owned Intellectual Property and all other written documentation evidencing ownership and prosecution of each such item.
 
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(f)            The Seller has not agreed to indemnify, defend or otherwise hold harmless any other Person with respect to Losses resulting or arising from the Purchased Intellectual Property, except under those Contracts summarized or described in Section 3.13(c) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule.

(g)           To the Seller’s Knowledge, no Person has used, disclosed, infringed or misappropriated any of the Purchased Intellectual Property, other than authorized uses and disclosures in accordance with the Contracts described in Sections 3.13(b) and 3.13(c) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule.  The Seller has not commenced or threatened any Proceeding, or asserted any allegation or claim, against any Person for infringement or misappropriation of the Purchased Intellectual Property.

(h)           The Seller has not received notice of any pending or threatened Proceeding or any allegation or claim in which any Person alleges that the Seller, its business or the Purchased Intellectual Property has violated any Person’s Intellectual Property rights. There are no pending disputes between the Seller and any other Person relating to the Purchased Intellectual Property.

(i)            The Seller has taken all commercially reasonable steps necessary to comply with all duties of the Seller to protect the confidentiality of information provided to the Seller by any other Person.  Other than as set forth in Schedule 3.13(i), the Seller has not obtained from any of its current and former employees, consultants and other independent contractors with access to Purchased Intellectual Property an executed proprietary information and inventions assignment agreement.

Section 3.14          Contracts.  

(a)      Section 3.14(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of each Contract (or group of related Contracts) to which the Seller is a party, by which the Seller or any of the Purchased Assets is bound or affected or pursuant to which the Seller is an obligor or a beneficiary, which:

(i)      is for the purchase or sale of materials, supplies, goods, services, equipment or other assets, the performance of which extends over a period of more than one year or that otherwise involves an amount or value in excess of $10 ,000 ;

(ii)     is for capital expenditures in excess of $10 ,000 ;

(iii)          is a mortgage, indenture, guarantee, loan or credit agreement, security agreement or other Contract relating to Indebtedness, other than accounts receivables and payables in the ordinary course of business;

(iv)           is a lease or sublease of any real or personal property, (other than personal property leases and conditional sales agreements having a value per item or aggregate payments of less than $10,000 and a term of less than one year);
 
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(v)     is a license or other Contract under which (A) the Seller has licensed or otherwise granted rights in any Purchased Intellectual Property to any Person or (B) any Person has licensed or sublicensed to the Seller, or otherwise authorized the Seller to use, any Third Party Intellectual Property (other than licenses of Internally Used Shrinkwrap Software);

(vi)            is for the employment of, or receipt of any services from, any director or officer of the Seller or any other Person on a full-time, part-time, consulting or other basis (other than any such arrangements which are not in writing and which are terminable without penalty to the Seller on not more than 30 days’ prior written notice) ;

(vii)          provides for severance, termination or similar pay to any of the Seller’s current or former directors, officers, employees or consultants or other independent contractors;

(viii)         provides for a loan or advance of any amount to any director or officer of the Seller, other than advances for travel and other appropriate business expenses in the ordinary course of business;

(ix)     licenses any Person to manufacture or reproduce any of the Seller’s   products, services or technology or any Contract to sell or distribute any of the Seller’s   products, services or technology;

(x)      is a joint venture, partnership or other Contract involving any joint conduct or sharing of any business, venture or enterprise, or a sharing of profits or losses or pursuant to which the Seller has any ownership interest in any other Person or business enterprise;

(xi)     contains any covenant limiting the right of the Seller   to engage in any line of business or to compete (geographically or otherwise) with any Person, granting any exclusive rights to make, sell or distribute the Seller’s products, granting any “most favored nations” or similar rights or otherwise prohibiting or limiting the right of the Seller   to make, sell or distribute any products or services;

(xii)           involves payments based, in whole or in part, on profits, revenues, fee income or other financial performance measures of the Seller;

(xiii)         is a power of attorney granted by or on behalf of the Seller;

(xiv)        is a written warranty, guaranty or other similar undertaking with respect to contractual performance extended by the Seller other than in the ordinary course of business;

(xv)         is a settlement agreement with respect to any pending or threatened Proceeding entered into since Seller’s inception; or
 
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(xvi)        was entered into other than in the ordinary course of business and that involves an amount or value in excess of $10,000 or contains or provides for an express undertaking by the Seller to be responsible for consequential damages .

(b)     The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser an accurate and complete copy (in the case of each written Contract) or an accurate and complete written summary (in the case of each oral Contract) of each Contract required to be listed in Section 3.14(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule.  With respect to each such Contract required to be listed:

(i)            the Contract is   legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect except to the extent it has previously expired in accordance with its terms;

(ii)     the Seller and, to the Seller’s Knowledge, the other parties to the Contract have performed all of their respective obligations required to be performed under the Contract as of the date hereof ; and

(iii)          Neither the Seller nor, to the Seller’s Knowledge, any other party to the Contract is in breach or   default under the Contract and no event has occurred or circumstance exists that (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) would reasonably be expected to constitute a breach or   default by the Seller or, to the Seller’s Knowledge, by any such other party, or give rise to any right of revocation, withdrawal, suspension, acceleration, cancellation, termination, modification, imposition of additional obligations or loss of rights under, result in any payment becoming due under, result in the imposition of any Encumbrances on any of the Purchased Assets under, the Contract, nor has the Seller given or received notice or other communication alleging the same.

(c)     To the Seller’s Knowledge no director, agent, employee or consultant or other independent contractor of the Seller is a party to, or is otherwise bound by, any Contract, including any confidentiality, noncompetition or proprietary rights agreement, with any other Person that in any way adversely affects or will   affect (i) the performance of his or her duties for the Seller, (ii) his or her ability to assign to the Seller rights to any invention, improvement, discovery or information relating to the Seller’s business or (iii) the ability of the Seller to conduct its business as currently conducted or as currently proposed to be conducted.  

Section 3.15          Tax Matters.  

(a)     The Seller has timely filed all Tax Returns that it was required to file in accordance with applicable Laws, and each such Tax Return is accurate and complete in all material respects.  The Seller has timely paid all Taxes due with respect to the taxable periods covered by such Tax Returns and all other Taxes (whether or not shown on any Tax Return) which are due and payable .  No claim   has ever been made by a Governmental Authority in a jurisdiction where the Seller does not file a Tax Return that it is or may be subject to taxation by that jurisdiction. The Seller has not requested an extension of time within which to file any Tax Return which has not since been filed.  The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser accurate and complete copies of all Tax Returns of the Seller (and its predecessors) for the years ended 2005, 2006 and 2007. There are no liens on any of the assets of Seller that arose in connection with any failure (or alleged failure) to pay Taxes.
 
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(b)     All Taxes   that the Seller is required by Law to withhold or collect, including sales and use Taxes and amounts required to be withheld or collected in connection with any amount paid or owing to any employee, independent contractor, creditor, shareholder, or other Person, have been duly withheld or collected.  To the extent required by applicable Law, all such amounts have been paid over to the proper Governmental Authority or, to the extent not yet due and payable, are held in separate bank accounts for such purpose.

(c)     To the Seller’s Knowledge, no Governmental Authority will assess any additional Taxes   for any period for which Tax Returns have been filed.  No federal, state, local or foreign audits or other Proceedings are pending or being conducted, nor has the Seller received any (i) notice from any Governmental Authority that any such audit or other Proceeding is pending, threatened or contemplated, (ii) request for information related to Tax matters or (iii) notice of deficiency or proposed adjustment for any amount of Tax proposed, asserted or assessed by any Governmental Authority against the Seller, with respect to any Taxes due from or with respect to the Seller or any Tax Return filed by or with respect to the Seller.  The Seller has not granted or been requested to grant any waiver of any statutes of limitations applicable to any claim for Taxes or with respect to any Tax assessment or deficiency.  The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser accurate and complete copies of all examination reports and statements of deficiencies assessed against or agreed to by the Seller since 2002.

(d)     All Tax deficiencies that have been claimed, proposed or asserted in writing against the Seller   have been fully paid or finally settled, and no issue has been raised in writing in any examination which, by application of similar principles, could be expected to result in the proposal or assertion of a Tax deficiency for any other year not so examined.

(e)     No position has been taken on any Tax Return with respect to the business or operations of the Seller for a taxable period for which the statute of limitations for the assessment of any Taxes with respect thereto has not expired that is contrary to any publicly announced position of a taxing authority or that is substantially similar to any position which a taxing authority has successfully challenged in the course of an examination of a Tax Return of the Seller. The Seller has disclosed on its federal income Tax Returns all positions taken therein that could give rise to a substantial understatement of income Tax under Section 6662 of the Code.

(f)      The Seller is not a party to or bound by any Tax sharing agreement, Tax indemnity obligation or similar Contract or practice with respect to Taxes (including any advance pricing agreement, closing agreement or other Contract relating to Taxes with any Governmental Authority).

(g)     The Seller is not and has not been a member of an affiliated group within the meaning of Section 1504(a) of the Code (or any similar group defined under a similar provision of foreign, state or local Law) and the Seller has no Liability for Taxes of any other Person under Section 1.1502-6 of the Treasury Regulations (or any similar provision of foreign, state or local Law), as a transferee or successor, by Contract or otherwise.
 
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(h)     The Seller has not entered into any transactions with respect to the Purchased Assets that require disclosure under Section 6011 of the Code.

(i)      The Seller is not a “foreign person” as defined in Section 1445(f)(3) of the Code.

Section 3.16          Employee Benefit Matters.

(a)     Section 3.16(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of all Seller Plans.

(b)     The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser an accurate and complete copy of (i) each writing that sets forth the terms of each Seller Plan, including plan documents, plan amendments, any related trusts, all summary plan descriptions and other summaries and descriptions furnished to participants and beneficiaries, (ii) all personnel, payroll and employment manuals and policies of the Seller, (iii) a written description of any Seller Plan that is not otherwise in writing, (iv) the Form 5500 filed in each of the most recent three plan years with respect to each Seller Plan, including all schedules thereto, financial statements and the opinions of independent accountants.

(c)     Neither the Seller nor any ERISA Affiliate has ever established, maintained or contributed to, or had an obligation to maintain or contribute to, any (i) multiemployer plan as defined in Section 3(37)(A) of ERISA, (ii) plan subject to Title IV of ERISA, (iii) voluntary employees’ beneficiary association under Section 501(c)(9) of the Code, (iv) organization or trust described in Section 501(c)(17) or 501(c)(20) of the Code, (v) welfare benefit fund as defined in Section 419(e) of the Code, or (vi) a Seller Plan that is an employee welfare plan described in Section 3(1) of ERISA that has two or more contributing sponsors at least two of which are not under common control within the meaning of Section 3(40) of ERISA.

(d)     Each Seller Plan is and at all times has been maintained, funded, operated and administered, and the Seller has performed all of its obligations under each Seller Plan, in each case in all material respects in accordance with the terms of such Seller Plan and in material compliance with all applicable Laws, including ERISA and the Code.  All contributions required to be made to any Seller Plan by applicable Law and the terms of such Seller Plan, and all premiums due or payable with respect to insurance policies funding any Seller Plan, for any period through the Closing Date, have been timely made or paid in full or, to the extent not required to be made or paid on or before the Closing Date, have been fully reflected in line items on the Interim Balance Sheet.

(e)     Each Seller Plan that is a pension plan that meets or purports to meet the requirements of Section 401(a) of the Code (a “Qualified Plan”) has received a favorable determination or opinion letter from the IRS that it is qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code and that its related trust is exempt from federal income Tax under Section 501(a) of the Code, and each such Qualified Plan complies in form and in operation in all material respects   with the requirements of the Code and meets the requirements of a “qualified plan” under Section 401(a) of the Code.  No event has occurred or circumstance exists that could reasonably be expected to give rise to disqualification or loss of Tax-exempt status of any such Qualified Plan or trust.  
 
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Section 3.17          Employment and Labor Matters.  

(a)     Section 3.17(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of all employees and independent contractors currently performing services for the Seller, including each employee on leave of absence or layoff status, along with the position, date of hire, engagement or seniority, compensation and non-standard benefits, scheduled or contemplated increases in compensation and benefits, scheduled or contemplated promotions, accrued but unused sick and vacation leave or paid time off and service credited for purposes of vesting and eligibility to participate under any Seller Plan with respect to such Persons.  To the Seller’s Knowledge, no employee of the Seller intends to terminate his or her employment with the Seller.

(b)     Except as set forth on Section 3.17(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule: (i) Seller is not, and has not been, a party to or bound by any collective bargaining, works council, employee representative or other Contract with any labor union, works council or representative of any employee group, nor is any such Contract being negotiated by the Seller; (ii) the Seller has no Knowledge of any union organizing, election or other activities made or threatened at any time within the past three years by or on behalf of any union, works council, employee representative or other labor organization or group of employees with respect to any employees of the Seller; and (iii) there is no union, works council, employee representative or other labor organization, which, pursuant to applicable Law, must be notified, consulted or with which negotiations need to be conducted in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(c)     Since its inception, the Seller has not experienced any labor strike, picketing, slowdown, lockout, employee grievance process or other work stoppage or labor dispute, nor to the Seller’s Knowledge is any such action threatened.  To the Seller’s Knowledge, no event has occurred or circumstance exists that could reasonably be expected to give rise to any such action, nor does the Seller contemplate a lockout of any employees.

(d)     The Seller has complied in all material respects with all applicable Laws and its own policies relating to labor and employment matters, including fair employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, contractual obligations, equal employment opportunity, nondiscrimination, immigration, wages, hours, benefits, workers’ compensation, the payment of social security and similar Taxes, occupational safety and plant closing.

(e)     There is no Proceeding pending or, to the Seller’s Knowledge, threatened against or affecting the Seller relating to the alleged violation by the Seller (or its directors or officers) of any Law pertaining to labor relations or employment matters.  The Seller has not committed any unfair labor practice, nor has there been any charge or complaint of unfair labor practice filed or, to the Seller’s Knowledge, threatened against the Seller before any Governmental Authority.  There has been no complaint, claim or charge of discrimination filed or, to the Seller’s Knowledge, threatened, against the Seller with any Governmental Authority.
 
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Section 3.18          Environmental, Health and Safety Matters.

(a)     The Seller is, and at all times has been, in compliance in all material respects with all, and not subject to any Liability under any, Environmental Laws and Occupational Safety and Health Laws.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Seller and its Affiliates have obtained and complied in all material respects with all Governmental Authorizations that are required pursuant to Environmental Laws and Occupational Safety and Health Laws for the occupation of their facilities and the operation of their businesses.  An accurate and complete list of all such Governmental Authorizations is set forth in Section 3.18(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule.

(b)     The Seller has not received any notice, report or other written communication or information regarding (i) any actual, alleged or potential violation of, or failure to comply with, any Environmental Law or Occupational Safety and Health Law or (ii) any Liability or potential Liability, including any investigatory, remedial or corrective obligation, relating to the Seller or any Leased Real Property or other property or facility currently or previously owned, leased, operated or controlled by the Seller   arising under any Environmental Law or Occupational Safety and Health Law.

(c)     The Seller has not treated, stored, disposed of, arranged for or permitted the disposal of, transported, handled, generated, manufactured, distributed, exposed any Person to or released any substance, including any Hazardous Material, or owned or operated any property or facility, in a manner that has given rise to, or could reasonably be expected to give rise to, any Liability, including any Liability for fines, penalties, response costs, corrective costs, personal injury, property damage, natural resources damage or attorneys’ fees, pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, the Solid Waste Disposal Act, or any other Environmental Law or Occupational Safety and Health Law.

(d)     The Seller has not, either expressly or by operation of Law, assumed, undertaken, provided an indemnity with respect to or otherwise become subject to any Liability, including any obligation for corrective or remedial action, of any other Person relating to any Environmental Law.  

(e)     No event has occurred or circumstance exists relating to the operations of, or the properties or facilities currently or previously owned, leased, operated or controlled by, the Seller that could reasonably be expected to (i) prevent, hinder or limit continued compliance in all respects with any Environmental Law or Occupational Safety and Health Law, (ii) give rise to any investigatory, remedial or corrective obligations pursuant to any Environmental Law or Occupational Safety and Health Law or (iii) give rise to any other Liability pursuant to any Environmental Law or Occupational Safety and Health Law, including any Liability relating to onsite or offsite releases of, or exposure to, Hazardous Materials, personal injury, property damage or natural resources damage.
 
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Section 3.19          Compliance with Laws, Judgments and Governmental Authorizations.

(a)     Without limiting the scope of any other representation in this Agreement, the Seller is in compliance in all material respects and has complied in all material respects with all, and has not violated in any material respects any, Laws, Judgments or Governmental Authorizations applicable to it or to the conduct of its business   or the ownership or use of any of its properties or assets.  The Seller has not received any notice or other communication from any Governmental Authority or any other Person regarding any actual, alleged or potential violation of, or failure to comply with, any applicable Law, Judgment or Governmental Authorization, any actual or threatened revocation, withdrawal, suspension, cancellation, termination or modification of any Governmental Authorization, or any actual, alleged or potential obligation on the part of the Seller to undertake, or to bear all or any portion of the cost of, any remedial action of any nature.

(b)     Section 3.19(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of all Governmental Authorizations held by the Seller or that otherwise relates to the conduct of its business or the ownership or use by the Seller of any of the Purchased Assets, all of which are valid and in full force and effect.  The Governmental Authorizations listed in Section 3.19(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule collectively constitute all of the Governmental Authorizations necessary for the Seller to conduct the Seller’s business lawfully in the manner in which the Seller currently conducts its business and to permit the Seller to own and use the Purchased Assets in the manner in which it currently owns and uses such assets.

(c)     Section 3.19(c) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of all Judgments to which the Seller or any of its properties or assets, is or has been subject.  To the Seller’s Knowledge, no director, officer, employee or agent of the Seller   is subject to any Judgment that prohibits such director, officer, employee or agent from engaging in or continuing any conduct, activity or practice relating to the Seller.

Section 3.20          Legal Proceedings.  Section 3.20 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of all pending Proceedings (a) by or against the Seller, or to the Seller’s Knowledge, that otherwise relate to or could reasonably be expected to affect the Seller’s business, properties or assets, (b) to the Seller’s Knowledge, by or against any of the directors or officers of the Seller in their capacities as such or (c) by or against the Seller that challenge, or that may have the effect of preventing, delaying, making illegal or otherwise interfering with, any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  To the Seller’s Knowledge, no other such Proceeding has been threatened, and no event has occurred or circumstance exists that could reasonably be expected to give rise to or serve as a basis for the commencement of any such Proceeding.  The Seller has delivered to the Purchaser accurate and complete copies of all pleadings, correspondence, audit response letters and other documents relating to such Proceedings.

 
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Section 3.21     Customers and Suppliers.

(a)          Section 3.21(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of (i) the names and addresses of all customers that ordered goods and services from the Seller with an aggregate value for each such customer of $25,000 or more during the 12-month period ended November 30, 2008 and (ii) the amount for which each such customer was invoiced during such period.  The Seller has not received any notice or has any reason to believe that any customer of the Seller (A) has ceased, or will cease, to use the products, goods or services of the Seller, (B) has substantially reduced, or will substantially reduce, the use of products, goods or services of the Seller or (C) has sought, or is seeking, to reduce the price it will pay for products, goods or services of the Seller, including in each case after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  To the Seller’s Knowledge, no customer described in clause (i) of the first sentence of this subsection (a) has otherwise threatened to take any action described in the preceding sentence as a result of the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  No customer of the Seller has any right to any credit or refund for products or goods sold or services rendered or to be rendered by the Seller pursuant to any Contract with or practice of the Seller other than pursuant to the terms of the applicable Contract .

(b)          Section 3.21(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of (i) the names and addresses of all suppliers from which the Seller ordered raw materials, supplies, merchandise and other goods and services with an aggregate purchase price for each such supplier of $25,000 or more during the 12-month period ended November 30, 2008 and (ii) the amount for which each such supplier invoiced the Seller during such period.  The Seller has not received any notice or has any reason to believe that there has been any material adverse change in the price of such raw materials, supplies, merchandise or other goods or services, or that any such supplier will not sell raw materials, supplies, merchandise and other goods and services to the Purchaser at any time after the Closing on terms and conditions similar to those used in its current sales to the Seller, subject to general and customary price increases.  To the Seller’s Knowledge, no supplier described in clause (i) of the first sentence of this subsection (b) has otherwise threatened to take any action described in the preceding sentence as a result of the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 3.22     Product Warranty; Performance Guarantees.

(a)          The Seller has no standard form of guaranty or warranty.  No product manufactured, sold, licensed, leased or delivered by the Seller is subject to any guaranty, warranty or other indemnity beyond those set forth in Schedule 2.1(e) under the heading “ACT Contracts, Guarantee and Warranty Obligations.”   Each product manufactured, sold, licensed, leased or delivered by the Seller at all times has been in conformity in all material respects with all applicable contractual commitments and all express and implied warranties, and the Seller has no Liability (and no event has occurred or circumstance exists that could reasonably be expected to give rise to any Proceeding, claim or demand against any of them giving rise to any Liability) for replacement or repair thereof or other damages in connection therewith, and subject only to the reserve for product warranty claims set forth in the corresponding line item on the Interim Balance Sheet, as adjusted for the passage of time through the Closing Date in the ordinary course of business, consistent with the past custom and practice of the Seller.

(b)          The Seller has satisfied in all respects the performance guarantees in any Contract for which the Seller has been fully paid.

 
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Section 3.23     Product Liability.  The Seller has no Liability (and to Seller’s Knowledge no event has occurred or circumstance exists that could reasonably be expected to give rise to any Proceeding, claim or demand against any of them giving rise to any Liability) arising out of any injury to individuals or property as a result of the ownership, possession or use of any product manufactured, sold, leased or delivered by the Seller .

Section 3.24     Insurance.

(a)          Section 3.24 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate and complete list of (a) insurance maintained by the Seller, within the past two years, and (b) all outstanding performance bonds and letters of credit currently securing contractual performance by the Seller.  All premiums and/or fees due and payable under such insurance policies, bonds and letters of credit  have been paid and the Seller is otherwise in compliance with the terms thereof.  The Seller has no Knowledge of any threatened termination of, or material premium increase with respect to, any such insurance policy.  Section 3.24 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule further sets forth an accurate and complete list of all claims asserted by the Seller pursuant to any such insurance policy bond or letter of credit since January 1, 2005, and describes the nature and status of the claims.  The Seller has not failed to give in a timely manner any notice of any claim that may be insured under any certificate of insurance policy required to be listed in Section 3.24 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule and there are no outstanding claims which have been denied or disputed by the insurer. The Seller has never maintained, established, sponsored, participated in or contributed to any self-insurance program, retrospective premium program or captive insurance program. Schedule 3.24 describes: (i) any self-insurance arrangement by or affecting the Seller, including any reserves established thereunder; and (ii) all obligations of the Seller to provide insurance coverage to Third Parties (for example, under sales contracts or service agreements) and identifies the policy under which such coverage is provided.

Section 3.25     Foreign Corrupt Political Practices Act; Export Control.

(a)          Neither the Seller nor its Affiliates have, to obtain or retain business for the Seller, directly or indirectly offered, paid or promised to pay, or authorized the payment of, any money or other thing of value (including any fee, gift, sample, travel expense or entertainment with a value in excess of $100 in the aggregate to any one individual in any year), to: (i) any person who is an official, officer, agent, employee or representative of any Governmental Authority; (ii) any political party or official thereof; (iii) any candidate for political or political party office; or (iv) any other individual or entity; while knowing or having reason to believe that all or any portion of such money or thing of value would be offered, given, or promised, directly or indirectly, to any such official, officer, agent, employee, representative, political party, political party official, candidate, individual, or any entity affiliated with such political party or official or political office.

(b)          The Seller has made all payments to third parties by check mailed to such third parties’ principal place of business or by wire transfer to a bank located in the same jurisdiction as such party’s principal place of business.

 
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(c)          Each transaction is properly and accurately recorded on the books and records of the Seller, and each document upon which entries in the Seller’s books and records are based is complete and accurate in all respects. The Seller maintains a system of internal accounting controls adequate to insure that the Seller maintains no off-the-books accounts.

(d)          The Seller has at all times been in compliance in all material respects with all Laws relating to export control and trade embargoes.

Section 3.26     Related Party Transactions.  No Shareholder, director, officer or employee of the Seller, or Affiliate of any such Shareholder, director, officer or employee (each, an “Associate”), or Affiliate of the Seller, (i) owns, directly or indirectly, and whether on an individual, joint or other basis, any interest in (A) any property or asset, real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible, used in or pertaining to the Seller’s business, (B) any Person that has had business dealings or a financial interest in any transaction with the Seller, other than business dealings conducted in the ordinary course of business on terms and conditions as favorable to the Seller as would have been obtained by it at the time in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a Person other than an Associate or an Affiliate of the Seller or (C) any Person that is a supplier, customer or competitor of the Seller except for securities having no more than 1% of the outstanding voting power of any such supplier, customer or competing business which are listed on any national securities exchange, (ii) serves as an officer, director or employee of any Person that is a supplier, customer or competitor of the Seller.

Section 3.27     No Guarantees.  None of the Liabilities of the Seller is guaranteed by or subject to a similar contingent obligation of any other Person.  The Seller has not guaranteed or become subject to a similar contingent obligation in respect of the Liabilities of any other Person.  There are no outstanding letters of credit, surety bonds or similar instruments of the Seller or any of its Affiliates in connection with the Seller’s business or the Purchased Assets.

Section 3.28     Brokers or Finders.  Except as set forth in Section 3.28 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, neither the Seller, any Shareholder nor any Person acting on behalf of the Seller or any Shareholder has incurred any Liability to pay any fees or commissions to any broker, finder or agent or any other similar payment in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 3.29     Solvency.  The Seller is not insolvent and will not be rendered insolvent by any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  As used in this Section, “insolvent” means that the sum of the debts and other probable Liabilities of the Seller exceeds the present fair saleable value of the Seller’s assets.

Section 3.30       Disclaimer.  Except as expressly set forth in this Article 3, neither the Seller nor any Shareholder makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, at law or in equity, in respect of any of its assets (including, without limitation, the Purchased Assets), liabilities or operations, including, without limitation, with respect to merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose, and any such other representations or warranties are hereby expressly disclaimed.

 
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ARTICLE 4
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASER

The Purchaser represents and warrants to the Seller that as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date the statements set forth in this Article 4 are true and correct:

Section 4.1     Organization and Good Standing.  The Purchaser is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation.

Section 4.2     Authority and Enforceability.  The Purchaser has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement to which it is a party and to perform its obligations under this Agreement and each such Ancillary Agreement.  The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement to which the Purchaser is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the directors of the Purchaser.  The Purchaser has duly and validly executed and delivered this Agreement and, on or prior to the Closing, the Purchaser will have duly and validly executed and delivered each Ancillary Agreement to which it is a party.  This Agreement constitutes, and upon execution and delivery each Ancillary Agreement to which the Purchaser is a party will constitute, the valid and binding obligation of the Purchaser, as applicable, enforceable against the Purchaser in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity).

Section 4.3     No Conflict.  Neither the execution, delivery and performance by the Purchaser of this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement to which the Purchaser is a party, nor the consummation by the Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, will: (a) directly or indirectly (with or without notice, lapse of time or both), conflict with, result in a breach or violation of, constitute a default under, give rise to any right of revocation, withdrawal, suspension, acceleration, cancellation, termination, modification, imposition of additional obligations or loss of rights under, result in any payment becoming due under, or result in the imposition of any Encumbrance on any of the properties or assets of the Purchaser under (i) the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Purchaser or any resolution adopted by the stockholders or board of directors of the Purchaser, (ii) any Contract to which the Purchaser is a party or by which the Purchaser is bound or to which any of its properties or assets is subject or (iii) any Law, Judgment or Governmental Authorization applicable to the Purchaser or any of its properties or assets; or (b) require the Purchaser to obtain any Consent or Governmental Authorization of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any Governmental Authority or other Person, except with respect to clauses (a) and (b) in any case that would not reasonably be expected to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the ability of the Purchaser to perform its obligations under this Agreement or on the ability of the Purchaser to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 
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Section 4.4     Legal Proceedings.  There is no Proceeding pending or, to the Purchaser’s knowledge, threatened, against the Purchaser that challenges, or that may have the effect of preventing, delaying, making illegal or otherwise interfering with, any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 4.5      Financial Statements.

(a)          The Purchaser’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2008, June 30, 2008 and September 30, 2008 at the time filed, complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

(b)          The financial statements included in Purchaser’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 when filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and were, when filed, in accordance with the books and records of Purchaser, complete and accurate in all material respects, and presented fairly the consolidated financial position and the consolidated results of operations, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows of Purchaser and its subsidiaries as of the dates and for the periods indicated, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, subject in the case of interim financial statements to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of certain footnote information.

(c)          The financial statements included in Purchaser’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2008, June 30, 2008 and September 30, 2008 when filed with the Securities Exchange Commission complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and were, when filed, in accordance with the books and records of Purchaser, complete and accurate in all material respects, and, in the opinion of Purchaser’s management, presented fairly the consolidated financial position and the consolidated results of operations, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows of Purchaser and its subsidiaries as of the dates and for the periods indicated, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, subject in the case of interim financial statements to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of certain footnote information.

Section 4.6      Brokers or Finders.  Neither the Purchaser nor any Person acting on its behalf has incurred any Liability to pay any fees or commissions to any broker, finder or agent or any other similar payment in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 
ARTICLE 5
PRE-CLOSING COVENANTS

Section 5.1     Access and Investigation.  Until the Closing and upon reasonable advance notice from the Purchaser, the Seller will allow the Purchaser and its directors, officers, employees, agents, prospective financing sources, consultants and other advisors and representatives reasonable access during normal business hours   to, and furnish them with all documents, records, work papers and information with respect to, all of the properties, assets, personnel, books, Contracts, Governmental Authorizations, reports and records relating to the Seller as the Purchaser may reasonably request.  In addition, until the Closing, the Seller will cause its accountants to cooperate with the Purchaser and its representatives in making available the financial information of the Seller as reasonably requested.  

 
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Section 5.2     Operation of the Business of the Seller.

(a)          Affirmative Covenants.  Until the Closing, except as expressly consented to by the Purchaser in writing (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned by the Purchaser) , the Seller will:

(i)          conduct its business only in the ordinary course of business and use its commercially reasonable efforts to preserve and protect its business organization, employment relationships, and relationships with customers, strategic partners, suppliers, distributors, landlords and others having dealings with it;

(ii)          pay its accounts payable and other obligations in the ordinary course of business and in accordance with the Seller’s past practice;

(iii)         perform all of its obligations under all Contracts to which it is a party, by which it or any of the Purchased Assets is bound or affected or pursuant to which the Seller is an obligor or beneficiary, and comply with all Laws, Judgments and Governmental Authorizations applicable to it, its business or the Purchased Assets;

(iv)         maintain (or use reasonable efforts to cause the applicable landlord to maintain) the Leased Real Property and all other properties and assets included in the Purchased Assets in a state of repair and condition that complies with all applicable Laws and is consistent with the requirements and normal conduct of the Seller’s business;

(v)          continue in full force and effect the certificates of insurance, binders and policies set forth in Section 3.24 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule;

(vi)         maintain its books and records consistent with the past custom and practice of the Seller;

(vii)        pay all accrued but unpaid bonuses, incentive compensation, vacation and sick pay due to any of the Seller’s employees up and to the Closing Date; and

(viii)       confer with the Purchaser concerning any operational matters of a material nature that is not in the ordinary course of Seller’s business .

(b)          Negative Covenants.  Until the Closing, except as expressly permitted by this Agreement or as otherwise expressly consented to by the Purchaser in writing (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned by the Purchaser) , the Seller will not and the Shareholders will not cause or permit the Seller to:

 
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(i)           enter into or assume any Contract outside the ordinary course of business;

(ii)          amend, modify, cancel or terminate any Contract or Governmental Authorization included in the Purchased Assets outside the ordinary course of business ;

(iii)         except for the payments contemplated in Section 5.2(a)(vii) above or in the ordinary course of business , grant (or commit to grant) any increase in the compensation (including incentive or bonus compensation) of any employee employed by the Seller or institute, adopt or amend (or commit to institute, adopt or amend) any compensation or benefit plan, policy, program or arrangement or collective bargaining agreement applicable to any such employee;

(iv)         act or omit to act in a manner that would impair or otherwise adversely affect the Seller’s business, any of the Purchased Assets or Assumed Liabilities or the financial or other ability of the Seller to perform its obligations under this Agreement or any of the Ancillary Agreements;

(v)          otherwise   take any action or omit to take any action, which action or omission would result in a breach of any of the representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.10; or

(vi)         agree, whether in writing or otherwise, to do any of the foregoing.

Section 5.3     Reasonable Efforts; Lease Agreement.  The Seller and the Shareholders will use their respective commercially reasonable efforts to (a) take promptly, or cause to be taken (including actions after the Closing), all actions, and to do promptly, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (b) enter into a lease agreement, in form and substance satisfactory to the Purchaser, with respect to the Seller’s headquarters in Hooksett, New Hampshire, together with a consent to assignment to the Purchaser of such lease executed by the landlord .

Section 5.4     Seller Notification.  Until the Closing, the Seller will give prompt notice to the Purchaser upon becoming aware of (a) the occurrence, or non-occurrence, of any event, the occurrence or non-occurrence of which would reasonably be expected to cause any representation or warranty of the Seller or the Shareholders contained in this Agreement to be untrue or inaccurate, in each case at any time from and after the date of this Agreement until the Closing, (b) any failure to comply with or satisfy in any material respect any covenant or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by the Seller or the Shareholders under this Agreement and (c) the failure of any condition precedent to the Purchaser’s obligations under this Agreement.  No notification pursuant to this Section 5.4 will be deemed to amend or supplement the Seller Disclosure Schedule, prevent or cure any misrepresentation, breach of warranty or breach of covenant, or limit or otherwise affect any rights or remedies available to the Purchaser, including pursuant to Article 7 or Article 9, except as otherwise provided elsewhere in this Agreement.

 
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Section 5.5     No Negotiation.  Until the Closing, the Seller and the Shareholders will not, and will cause their respective Affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees, agents, consultants and other advisors and representatives not to, directly or indirectly: (a) solicit, initiate, encourage, knowingly facilitate, or entertain any inquiry or the making of any proposal or offer; (b) enter into, continue or otherwise participate in any discussions or negotiations; (c) furnish to any Person any non-public information or grant any Person access to its properties, assets, books, Contracts, personnel or records; or (d) approve or recommend, or propose to approve or recommend, or execute or enter into, any letter of intent, agreement in principal, merger agreement, acquisition agreement, option agreement or other Contract or propose, whether publicly or to any director or shareholder, or agree to do any of the foregoing for the purpose of encouraging or facilitating any proposal, offer, discussions or negotiations; in each such case regarding any business combination transaction involving the Seller or any other transaction to acquire all or any material part of the business, properties or assets of the Seller or any amount of the capital stock of the Seller (whether or not outstanding), whether by merger, purchase of assets, purchase of stock, tender offer, lease, license or otherwise, other than with the Purchaser.  The Seller and the Shareholders will immediately cease and cause to be terminated any such negotiations, discussion or Contracts (other than with the Purchaser) that are the subject of clauses (a), (b) or (d) above and will immediately cease providing and secure the return of any non-public information and terminate any access of the type referenced in clause (c) above.  If the Seller, any Shareholder or any of their respective Affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees, agents, consultants or other advisors and representatives receives, prior to the Closing, any offer, proposal or request, directly or indirectly, of the type referenced in clause (a), (b) or (d) above or any request for disclosure or access as referenced in clause (c) above, the Seller or such Shareholder, as applicable, will immediately suspend or cause to be suspended any discussions with such offeror or Person with regard to such offers, proposals or requests and notify the Purchaser thereof, including information as to the identity of the offeror or Person making any such offer or proposal and the specific terms of such offer or proposal, as the case may be, and such other information related thereto as the Purchaser may reasonably request.

Section 5.6     Purchaser Notification.  Until the Closing, the Purchaser will give notice to the Seller upon becoming aware of any representation or warranty of the Seller or the Shareholders contained in this Agreement that, to the Purchaser’s Knowledge, is untrue or inaccurate, in each case at the time this Agreement is executed and until the Closing.  In the event that the Purchaser fails to notify the Seller of its Knowledge of any such breach of representation or warranty in accordance with this Section 5.6, the Purchaser shall be deemed to have waived its right to be indemnified pursuant to Section 9.1(a) hereof with respect to such breach by the Seller and the Shareholders.  The Purchaser’s Knowledge of any such breach will not affect Purchaser’s rights pursuant to Article 7 hereof.

ARTICLE 6
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO OBLIGATION TO CLOSE

Section 6.1     Conditions to the Obligation of the Purchaser.  The obligation of the Purchaser to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction, on or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions (any of which may be waived by the Purchaser, in whole or in part):

 
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(a)          Accuracy of Representations and Warranties.  The  representations and warranties of the Seller and the Shareholders in this Agreement must have been true and correct in all   respects as of the date of this Agreement and must be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date (with materiality being measured individually and on an aggregate basis with respect to all breaches of representations and warranties), except for the representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2 ( Authority and Enforceability ) and Section 3.5 ( Financial Statements ), and each of the Seller’s and the Shareholders’ representations and warranties that is qualified as to materiality or contains terms such as Material Adverse Effect,” each of which must have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and must be true and correct in all respects as of the Closing Date, and except to the extent any representation or warranty of the Seller and the Shareholders speaks as of the date of this Agreement or any other specific date, in which case such representation or warranty must have been true and correct in all respects as of such date;

(b)          Performance of Covenants.  All of the covenants and obligations that the Seller or any Shareholder is required to perform or comply with under this Agreement on or before the Closing Date must have been duly performed and complied with in all material respects;

(c)          Consents.  Each of the Governmental Authorizations and Consents listed in Section 6.1 (c) and Section 6.2(c) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule must have been obtained and must be in full force and effect;

(d)          No Action.  There must not be in effect any Law or Judgment, and there must not have been commenced or threatened any Proceeding, that in any case could (i) prevent, make illegal or restrain the consummation of, or otherwise materially alter, any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or (ii) cause any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement to be rescinded following consummation;

(e)          The Seller’s Employees.  The Purchaser must have come to satisfactory employment arrangements with each of the Seller’s employees listed on Schedule 6.1(e)   following Closing in the manner contemplated in Section 8.13 hereof.

(f)          Employment Agreements.  The Purchaser must have entered into an Employment Agreement with each Shareholder;

(g)          Assignment and Assumption Agreement.  The Purchaser and Seller shall have entered into a mutually acceptable agreement regarding Seller’s assignment of the terms of this Agreement in the manner contemplated by Section 10.6;

(h)          No Material Adverse Effect.  Since the date of this Agreement, there must not have been any Material Adverse Effect in respect of Seller’s business ; and

 
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(i)          Transaction Documents.  The Seller must have delivered or caused to be delivered each document that Section 2.12(a) requires it to deliver.

Section 6.2     Conditions to the Obligation of the Seller.  The obligation of the Seller to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement is subject to the satisfaction, on or before the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions (any of which may be waived by the Seller, in whole or in part):

(a)          Accuracy of Representations and Warranties.  The representations and warranties of the Purchaser in this Agreement must have been true and correct in all   respects as of the date of this Agreement and must be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date (with materiality being measured individually and on an aggregate basis with respect to all breaches of representations and warranties), except for the Purchaser’s representations and warranties that are qualified as to materiality, each of which must have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and must be true and correct in all respects as of the Closing Date, and except to the extent any representation or warranty of the Purchaser speaks as of the date of this Agreement or any other specific date, in which case such representation or warranty must have been true and correct in all respects as of such date;

(b)          Performance of Covenants.  All of the covenants and obligations that the Purchaser is required to perform or comply with under this Agreement on or before the Closing Date must have been duly performed and complied with in all material respects (with materiality being measured individually and on an aggregate basis with respect to all breaches of covenants and obligations);

(c)          Consents.  Each of the Governmental Authorizations and Consents listed in Section 6.1(c) and Section 6.2(c) of the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule must have been obtained and must be in full force and effect;

(d)          No Action.     There must not be in effect any Law or Judgment , and there must not have been commenced or threatened any Proceeding, that in any case could (i) prevent, make illegal or restrain the consummation of, or otherwise materially alter, any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or (ii) cause any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement to be rescinded following consummation; and

( e )          Transaction Documents.  The Purchaser must have delivered or caused to be delivered to the Seller each document that Section 2.12(b) requires it to deliver.

ARTICLE 7
TERMINATION

Section 7.1     Termination Events.  This Agreement may, by written notice given before or at the Closing, be terminated:

(a)          by mutual consent of the Purchaser and the Seller;

 
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(b)          by the Purchaser (so long as the Purchaser is not then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement) if there has been a material breach of any of the Seller’s or the Shareholders’ representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement, which would result in the failure of a condition set forth in Section 6.1(a) or Section 6.1(b), and which breach has not been cured or cannot be cured within 30 days after the notice of the breach from the Purchaser;  

(c)          by the Selling Parties’ Representative (so long as neither the Seller nor any of the Shareholders is then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement) if there has been a material breach of any of the Purchaser’s representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement, which would result in the failure of a condition set forth in Section 6.2(a) or Section 6.2(b), and which breach has not been cured or cannot be cured within 30 days after the notice of breach from the Seller;

(d)          by the Purchaser if there has been a Material Adverse Effect in respect of Seller’s business, other than a Material Adverse Effect caused by the Purchaser or its Affiliates;

(e)          by either the Purchaser or the Seller if any Governmental Authority has issued a nonappealable final Judgment or taken any other nonappealable final action, in each case having the effect of permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

(f)          by the Purchaser if the Closing has not occurred (other than through the failure of the Purchaser to comply fully with its obligations under this Agreement) on or before January 31, 2009; or

(g)          by the Selling Parties’ Representative if the Closing has not occurred (other than through the failure of the Seller or any Shareholder to comply fully with its obligations under this Agreement) on or before January 31, 2009.

Section 7.2     Effect of Termination.

(a)          Each party’s rights of termination under Section 7.1 are in addition to any other rights it may have under this Agreement or otherwise, and the exercise of such rights of termination is not an election of remedies.  If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 7.1, this Agreement and all rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement automatically end without Liability against any party or its Affiliates, except that (a) Sections 3.28 ( Brokers or Finders ), 8.3 ( Confidentiality ), and 8.4 ( Public Announcement ), and Article 10 (except for Section 10.10 ( Specific Performance )) and this Section 7.2 will remain in full force and survive any termination of this Agreement and (b) if this Agreement is terminated by a party because of the breach of this Agreement by another party or because one or more of the conditions to the terminating party’s obligations under this Agreement is not satisfied as a result of the other party’s failure to comply with its obligations under this Agreement, the terminating party’s right to pursue all legal remedies will survive such termination unimpaired.

 
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(b)          If this Agreement is terminated by the Purchaser pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.1(b), Section 7.1(d) or Section 7.1(f) above, and within 90 days after the date of such termination, the Seller signs a letter of intent or other agreement relating to the acquisition of a material portion of its assets, business or securities, in whole or in part, whether directly or indirectly, through purchase, merger, consolidation, or otherwise (other than sales of inventory or immaterial portions of Seller’s assets in the ordinary course) and such transaction is ultimately consummated, then, immediately upon the closing of such transaction, the Seller shall be obligated to pay, and will pay to the Purchaser, the amount of Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) in immediately available funds to an account designated by the Purchaser.  This fee will serve as the exclusive remedy to the Purchaser under this Agreement in the event of a breach by the Seller or a Shareholder of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 8
ADDITIONAL COVENANTS

Section 8.1     Tax Matters.

(a)          The Seller will pay in a timely manner all applicable sales (including bulk transfer), use, transfer, conveyance, documentary, recording, notarial, value added, excise, registration, stamp, gross receipts and similar Taxes and fees (“Transfer Taxes”), arising out of or in connection with or attributable to the transactions effected pursuant to this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements   .

(b)          If, prior to the Closing, there have been any Taxes based on the value of property assessed against any of the Purchased Assets, the Seller will pay those Taxes attributable to periods or partial periods ending on or prior to the Closing Date, and the Purchaser will pay those Taxes attributable to periods or partial periods beginning after the Closing Date, with a daily allocation for any period that begins before the Closing Date and ends after the Closing Date.  Each party agrees to cooperate with the other party in paying or reimbursing Tax obligations in accordance with this Section 8.1(b).  Nothing in this Agreement makes a party liable for the income or franchise Taxes of the other party.  This Section 8.1 (b) does not apply to Transfer Taxes, which are the sole obligation of the Seller under the provisions of Section 8.1(a).  

Section 8.2     Gross-Up.  If, in the allocation of the Purchase Price prepared by the Purchaser in accordance with Section 2.10 hereof, the amount of the Purchase Price allocated to the Shareholders’ covenants contained in Section 8.8 hereof exceeds $1,000,000, then the Purchaser shall pay to the Shareholders an aggregate amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of such excess, with such payment being divided among the Shareholders as directed by the Selling Parties’ Representative.  Such payment shall be made not less than fourteen (14) days following the Purchaser’s filing of its IRS Form 8594 with the IRS.

Section 8.3     Tail Insurance.  For a period of three years following the Closing, the Seller shall take all actions necessary to maintain tail insurance covering claims relating to periods prior to the Closing Date, with such coverage to include errors and omissions, general liability and umbrella coverage in form and substance consistent with the Seller’s past practices.

 
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Section 8.4     Confidentiality.

(a)          The parties agree to continue to abide by that certain Confidentiality Agreement between the Seller and the Purchaser dated September 7, 2007 (the “Confidentiality Agreement”).  Beginning on the date of this Agreement, neither the Seller, any Shareholder nor any of its or their respective Affiliates will waive any right under any other nondisclosure agreement previously entered into by     the Seller or any Company or any Shareholder and any other Person with respect to the evaluation of the sale of the Seller or any of its material properties or assets without the prior written consent of the Purchaser.

(b)          From and after the Closing, the confidentiality obligations of the Purchaser under the Confidentiality Agreement will terminate with respect to all Confidential Information.  From and after the Closing, the Seller and each Shareholder will, and will cause each of its respective Affiliates and its and their directors, officers, shareholders, employees, agents, consultants and other advisors and representatives (its “Restricted Persons”) to, maintain the confidentiality of, and not use for their own benefit or the benefit of any other Person, the Confidential Information.

(c)          Except as contemplated by Section 8.5, the Purchaser, the Seller and the Shareholders will not, and the Purchaser, the Seller and the Shareholders will cause each of their respective Restricted Persons not to, disclose to any Person any information with respect to the legal, financial or other terms or conditions of this Agreement, any of the Ancillary Agreements or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.  The foregoing does not restrict the right of any party to disclose such information (i) to its respective Restricted Persons to the extent reasonably required to facilitate the negotiation, execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, (ii) to any Governmental Authority or arbitrator to the extent reasonably required in connection with any Proceeding relating to the enforcement of this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement and (iii) as permitted in accordance with Section 8.4(d).  Each party will advise its respective Restricted Persons with respect to the confidentiality obligations under this Section 8.4(a) and will be responsible for any breach or violation of such obligations by its Restricted Persons.

(d)          If a party or any of its respective Restricted Persons become legally compelled to make any disclosure that is prohibited or otherwise restricted by this Agreement, then such party will (i) give the other party immediate written notice of such requirement, and (ii) consult with and assist the other party in obtaining an injunction or other appropriate remedy to prevent such disclosure . .  

Section 8.5     Public Announcements.   Any public announcement or similar publicity with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will be issued at such time and in such manner as the Purchaser determines after consultation with the Seller.  The Purchaser and the Seller will consult with each other concerning the means by which the employees, customers, suppliers and others having dealings with the Seller will be informed of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and the Purchaser has the right to be present for any such communication.  

 
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Section 8.6     Assistance in Proceedings.  From and after the Closing, at the reasonable request of the Purchaser (and without expense to the Seller or its Affiliates) and subject to customary confidentiality restrictions, the Seller will and will cause its Affiliates to cooperate with the Purchaser and its counsel in the contest or defense of, and make available its personnel and provide any testimony and access to its books and records in connection with, any Proceeding involving or relating to (i) any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or (ii) any action, activity, circumstance, condition, conduct, event, fact, failure to act, incident, occurrence, plan, practice, situation, status or transaction on or before the Closing Date involving the Seller, its business or any Shareholder.

Section 8.7      Privileges.   Effective as of the Closing, the Seller hereby transfers, to the fullest extent transferable under applicable Law, all attorney work-product protections, attorney-client privileges and other legal protections and privileges contained in the books and records transferred as part of the Purchased Assets and to which the Seller may be entitled in connection with any of the Purchased Assets or Assumed Liabilities.  The Seller is not waiving, and will not be deemed to have waived or diminished, any of its attorney work-product protections, attorney-client privileges or similar protections or privileges as a result of the disclosure of information to the Purchaser and its representatives in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  The Seller and the Purchaser (a) share a common legal and commercial interest in all of the information and communications that may subject to such protections and privileges, (b) are or may become joint defendants in Proceedings to which such protections and privileges may relate and (c) intend that such protections and privileges remain intact should either party become subject to any actual or threatened Proceeding to which such information or communications relate.  The Seller agrees that it and its Affiliates will have no right or power after the Closing Date to assert or waive any such protection or privilege included in the Purchased Assets.  The Seller will take any actions reasonably requested by the Purchaser, at the sole cost and expense of the Purchaser unless the Purchaser is entitled to indemnification therefor under the provisions of Article 9, in order to permit the Purchaser to preserve and assert any such protection or privilege included in the Purchased Assets.

Section 8.8     Confidential Information, Noncompetition, Nonsolicitation and Nondisparagement.

(a)          Each Shareholder acknowledges that such Shareholder has occupied a position of trust and confidence with the Seller prior to the date hereof and has had access to and has become familiar with the Confidential Information.

(b)          The Seller and each Shareholder acknowledges that (i) the business of the Seller relating to the use and operation of the Purchased Assets prior to Closing is international in scope; (ii) the Seller’s products and services related to such business are marketed throughout the world; (iii) the Seller’s business prior to Closing competes with other businesses that are or could be located in any part of the world; (iv) the Purchaser has required that the Seller and each Shareholder make the covenants set forth in Sections 8.8(c) and 8.8(d) of this Agreement as a condition to the Purchaser’s purchase of the Purchased Assets; (v) the provisions of Sections 8.8(c) and 8.8(d) of this Agreement are reasonable and necessary to protect and preserve the Purchaser’s interests in and right to the use and operation of the Purchased Assets from and after Closing; and (vi) the Purchaser might be irreparably damaged if the Seller or any Shareholder were to breach the covenants set forth in Sections 8.8(c) and 8.8(d) of this Agreement.

 
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(c)          The Seller acknowledges and agrees that the protection of the Confidential Information is necessary to protect and preserve the value of the Purchased Assets. Therefore, the Seller  agrees not to disclose to any unauthorized Persons or use for its own account or for the benefit of any third party any Confidential Information, whether or not such information is embodied in writing or other physical form, without the Purchaser’s written consent, unless and to the extent that the Confidential Information is or becomes generally known to and available for use by the public other than as a result of the Seller’s or any Shareholder’s fault or the fault of any other Person bound by a duty of confidentiality to the Purchaser or the Seller. The Seller and each Shareholder agrees to deliver to the Purchaser at the time of execution of this Agreement, and at any other time the Purchaser may request, all documents, memoranda, notes, plans, records, reports and other documentation, models, components, devices or computer software, whether embodied in a disk or in other form (and all copies of all of the foregoing), that contain Confidential Information and any other Confidential Information that such Shareholder may then possess or have under his or its control . Each Shareholder, solely on behalf of himself, acknowledges and agrees that the protection of the Confidential Information is necessary to protect and preserve the value of the Purchased Assets. Therefore, such Shareholder agrees not to disclose to any unauthorized Persons or use for his, her or its own account or for the benefit of any third party any Confidential Information, whether or not such information is embodied in writing or other physical form or is retained in the memory of such Shareholder, without the Purchaser’s written consent, unless and to the extent that the Confidential Information is or becomes generally known to and available for use by the public other than as a result of the Seller’s or such  Shareholder’s fault or the fault of any other Person bound by a duty of confidentiality to the Purchaser or the Seller.

(d)          As an inducement for the Purchaser to enter into this Agreement, for a period of  five years after the Closing (the “Restrictive Period”)

(i)          The Seller will not, and will cause its respective Affiliates not to, directly or indirectly, engage in any business anywhere in the world that develops, manufactures, produces, markets, sells or distributes any products or provides any services of the kind developed, under development, manufactured, produced, marketed, sold, distributed or provided by the Seller, or own an interest in, manage, operate, join, control, lend money or render financial or other assistance to or participate in or be connected with, as a partner, stockholder, consultant, employee or otherwise, any Person that is engaged or planning to become engaged in the business of developing, manufacturing, producing, marketing, selling or distributing any products or providing any services of the kind developed, under development, manufactured, produced, marketed, sold, distributed or provided by the Seller . Each Shareholder, solely on behalf of himself, acknowledges and agrees not to, directly or indirectly, engage in any business anywhere in the world that develops, manufactures, produces, markets, sells or distributes any products or provides any services of the kind developed, under development, manufactured, produced, marketed, sold, distributed or provided by the Seller, or own an interest in, manage, operate, join, control, lend money or render financial or other assistance to or participate in or be connected with, as a partner, stockholder, consultant, employee or otherwise, any Person that is engaged or planning to become engaged in the business of developing, manufacturing, producing, marketing, selling or distributing any products or providing any services of the kind developed, under development, manufactured, produced, marketed, sold, distributed or provided by the Seller ; provided, however, that, for the purposes of this Section 8.8(d), ownership of securities having no more than 3 % of the outstanding voting power of any Person which is listed on any national securities exchange will not be deemed to be in violation of this Section 8.8(d) as long as the Person owning such securities has no other connection or relationship with the issuer of such securities .  

 
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(ii)          The Seller will not, and will cause its respective Affiliates not to, directly or indirectly, (a) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Seller who becomes an employee of the Purchaser in connection with the purchase of the Purchased Assets to leave the employ of the Purchaser; (b) in any way interfere with the relationship between the Purchaser and any such employee of the Purchaser; (c) employ or otherwise engage as an employee, independent contractor or otherwise any such employee of the Purchaser; or (d) induce or attempt to induce any customer, supplier, licensee or other Person to cease doing business with the Purchaser or in any way interfere with the relationship between any such customer, supplier, licensee or other business entity and the Purchaser. Each Shareholder, solely on behalf of himself, agrees that he will not directly or indirectly, (a) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Seller who becomes an employee of the Purchaser in connection with the purchase of the Purchased Assets to leave the employ of the Purchaser; (b) in any way interfere with the relationship between the Purchaser and any such employee of the Purchaser; (c) employ or otherwise engage as an employee, independent contractor or otherwise any such employee of the Purchaser; or (d) induce or attempt to induce any customer, supplier, licensee or other Person to cease doing business with the Purchaser or in any way interfere with the relationship between any such customer, supplier, licensee or other business entity and the Purchaser.

(e)          In the event of a breach by the Seller or any Shareholder of any covenant set forth in this Section 8.8, the term of such covenant will be extended, solely with respect to the breaching Party, by the period of the duration of such breach.

(f)          The Seller will not, for a period of five (5) years after the Closing, disparage the Purchaser, the Purchased Assets, the business formerly conducted by the Seller, the business conducted by the Purchaser using the Purchased Assets or any shareholder, director, officer, employee or agent of the Purchaser. Each Shareholder, solely on behalf of himself, agrees that he will not for a period of five years after the Closing, disparage the Purchaser, the Purchased Assets, the business formerly conducted by the Seller, the business conducted by the Purchaser using the Purchased Assets or any shareholder, director, officer, employee or agent of the Purchaser.

(g)          Each Shareholder agrees, solely on behalf of himself, that he will , for a period of five (5) years after the Closing, within ten days after accepting any employment, consulting engagement, engagement as an independent contractor, partnership or other association, advise the Purchaser of the identity of the new employer, client, partner or other Person with whom such Shareholder has become associated. The Purchaser may serve notice upon such Person that such Shareholder is bound by this Agreement and furnish such Person with a copy of this Agreement or relevant portions thereof.

 
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(h)          If a final judgment of a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction determines that any term or provision contained in Section 8.8(a) through (g) is invalid or unenforceable, then the parties agree that the court or tribunal will have the power to reduce the scope, duration or geographic area of the term or provision, to delete specific words or phrases or to replace any invalid or unenforceable term or provision with a term or provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the invalid or unenforceable term or provision. This Section 8.8 will be enforceable as so modified after the expiration of the time within which the judgment may be appealed.

(i)          It is the intention of the parties that each Shareholder shall only be liable for a breach of this Section 8.8 by such Shareholder himself, and shall not be liable for any such breach by any other Shareholder.

Section 8.9     Use of Name.  From and after the Closing, the Seller will not, and will cause its Affiliates not to, directly or indirectly, use or do business, or assist any third party in using or doing business under the name “ACT,” “Advanced Combustion Technology” or by another name similar to such names and marks, except as necessary to effect the change of the Seller’s name or to evidence that such change has occurred, or in connection with the filing of Tax Returns or for such other non-commercial uses as may be required by Law.  Promptly after the Closing, the Seller will file all documents with the appropriate Governmental Authorities in the state of its incorporation and any other jurisdictions in which it is qualified or licensed to do business, to change the name of the Seller to a name that it not the same or confusingly similar to its name used prior to the Closing.

Section 8.10     Refunds and Remittances.  If the Seller (or any of its Affiliates), on the one hand, or the Purchaser, on the other hand, after the Closing Date receives any funds properly belonging to the other party in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the receiving party will promptly so advise such other party, will segregate and hold such funds in trust for the benefit of such other party and will promptly deliver such funds, together with any interest earned thereon, to an account or accounts designated in writing by such other party.

Section 8.11     Access to Records.  After the Closing, the Purchaser will retain for a period of four years or such longer period as is consistent with the Purchaser’s record retention policies and practices those records included in the Purchased Assets delivered to the Purchaser.  The Purchaser also will provide the Seller and its employees, agents, consultants and other advisors and representatives reasonable access thereto (and the ability to make copies thereof) , during normal business hours and on at least three business days’ prior written notice, to enable them to prepare financial statements or Tax Returns or deal with Tax audits or for any other reasonable business purpose specified by the Seller in such notice .  After the Closing, the Seller will, and will cause each of its Affiliates and its and its Affiliates’ respective employees, agents, consultants and other advisors and representatives to, provide the Purchaser and its employees, agents, consultants and other advisors and representatives reasonable access to records that are or that relate to Excluded Assets, during normal business hours and on at least three business days’ prior written notice, for any reasonable business purpose specified by the Purchaser in such notice.

 
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Section 8.12     Further Assurances.  Subject to the other express provisions of this Agreement, the parties will cooperate reasonably with each other and with their respective representatives in connection with any steps required to be taken as part of their respective obligations under this Agreement, and the parties agree (a) to furnish, or cause to be furnished, upon request to each other such further information, (b) to execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, to each other such other documents and (c) to do, or cause to be done, such other acts and things, all as the other party may reasonably request for the purpose of carrying out the intent of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  Without limitation of the foregoing, in the event that, following the Closing, the Parties discover that any Contract of the Seller was not assumed by the Purchaser under Section 2.1(e) nor included in the Excluded Assets under Section 2.2(e), the Purchaser shall have the option, in its sole discretion, to include such Contract in the Purchased Assets and require the Seller to assign and transfer such Contract to the Purchaser in the manner contemplated by Section 2.13 hereof.

Section 8.13     Employees and Employee Benefits.

(a)          The Seller will use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause its employees to make available their employment services to the Purchaser. Except for the Shareholders, the Purchaser is not obligated to hire any employee of the Seller but may interview and make offers of employment to any, some, or all of the Seller’s employees.  Subject to applicable Law, the Purchaser will have reasonable access to the facilities and personnel records (including performance appraisals, disciplinary actions, grievances and medical records) of the Seller for the purpose of preparing for and conducting employment interviews with any or all of the Seller’s employees and will conduct the interviews as expeditiously as possible prior to the Closing Date.  Access will be provided by the Seller upon reasonable prior notice during normal business hours.  The Purchaser will promptly provide the Seller with a list of the Seller’s employees to whom the Purchaser has made an offer of employment that has been accepted to be effective on the Closing Date (collectively, the “Hired Employees”).   The term “Hired Employees” shall not be deemed to mean or include the Shareholders. Prior to the Closing, the Seller will provide the Purchaser with completed I-9 forms and attachments with respect to all Hired Employees, except for such employees as the Seller will certify in writing to the Purchaser are exempt from such requirement.  Effective immediately before the Closing, the Seller will terminate the employment of all of the Hired Employees.

(b)          The Purchaser will set its own initial terms and conditions of employment for the Hired Employees and others it may hire, including work rules, benefits and salary and wage structure, all as permitted by applicable Law.  The Purchaser is not obligated to assume any collective bargaining agreements under this Agreement.  The Seller will be solely liable for any severance payment required to be made to its employees as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 
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(c)          Except for the Employment Agreements, it is understood and agreed that (i) the Purchaser’s expressed intention to extend offers of employment as set forth in this Section will not constitute a Contract (express or implied) on the part of the Purchaser to a post-Closing employment relationship of any fixed term or duration or upon any terms or conditions other than those that the Purchaser may establish pursuant to individual offers of employment and (ii) employment offered by the Purchaser is “at will” and may be terminated by the Purchaser or by an employee at any time for any reason (subject to any written commitments to the contrary made by the Purchaser or an employee and applicable Laws governing employment).  Nothing in this Agreement will be deemed to prevent or restrict in any way the right of the Purchaser to terminate, reassign, promote or demote any of the Hired Employees after the Closing, or to change adversely or favorably the title, powers, duties, responsibilities, functions, locations, salaries, other compensation or terms or conditions of employment of such employees.

(d)          From and after the Closing the Seller will remain solely responsible for all Liabilities to or in respect of its employees and former employees, including Hired Employees, and beneficiaries and dependents of any such employee or former employee, relating to or arising in connection with or as a result of (i) the employment of any such employee or former employee or the actual or constructive termination of employment of any such employee or former employee by Seller (including in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and including the payment of any termination or severance payments and the provision of health plan continuation coverage in accordance with the continuation coverage requirements of Sections 601 et seq. of ERISA and Section 4980B of the Code (“COBRA”) ) , (ii) the participation in or accrual of benefits or compensation under, or the failure to participate in or to accrue compensation or benefits under, any Seller Plan or other employee or retiree benefit or compensation plan, program, practice, policy or other Contract of the Seller, or (iii) accrued but unpaid salaries, wages, bonuses, incentive compensation, vacation or sick pay or other compensation or payroll items (including deferred compensation) arising in connection with the employment of such employee by the Seller .  In addition, from and after the Closing, the Seller will remain solely responsible for all Liabilities to or in respect of the Hired Employees and their beneficiaries or dependents relating to or arising in connection with any claims, whether such claims are asserted before, on or after the Closing Date, for life, disability, accidental death or dismemberment, supplemental unemployment compensation, medical, dental, hospitalization, other health or other welfare or fringe benefits or expense reimbursements which claims relate to or are based upon an occurrence before the Closing Date (including claims for continuing treatment in respect of any illness, accident, disability, condition or confinement which occurs or commences on or before the Closing Date).

(e)          All Hired Employees who are participants in the Seller Plans that are pension plans as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA will retain their accrued benefits under such Seller Plans as of the Closing Date.  The Seller (or the applicable Seller Plan) will retain sole liability for the payment of such benefits as and when such Hired Employees become eligible for them under such Seller Plans.  The Seller will cause the Hired Employees to be fully and immediately vested in their accrued benefits under each such

(f)          Commencing January 1, 2009, all Hired Employees that remain employed by the Purchaser shall be eligible, in the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Purchaser, to receive awards of non-qualified stock options under the Purchaser’s equity-based employee compensation plan.

 
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(g)          Commencing January 1, 2009, all Hired Employees that remain employed by the Purchaser (other than Shareholders) will be eligible to participate in the Purchaser’s annual corporate incentive plan.  Beginning January 1, 2012, if any Shareholder remains employed with the Purchaser, such Shareholder will be eligible to be included in the Purchaser’s then current annual corporate incentive plan in accordance with the terms of such plan.

ARTICLE 9
INDEMNIFICATION

Section 9.1     Indemnification by the Seller and each Shareholder. Subject to the limitations expressly set forth in Section 9.6, the Seller and each Shareholder,  jointly and severally, will indemnify and hold harmless the Purchaser and its directors, officers, and employees (but only in their capacities as such) , (collectively, the “Purchaser Indemnified Parties”) from and against, and will pay to the Purchaser Indemnified Parties the monetary value of, any and all Losses incurred or suffered by the Purchaser Indemnified Parties directly or indirectly arising out of, relating to or resulting from any of the following:

(a)          any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty or other statement of the Seller or any Shareholder contained in this Agreement, the Seller Disclosure Schedule, any Ancillary Agreement or in any certificate, instrument or other document delivered by or on behalf of the Seller or any Shareholder pursuant to this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement;

(b)          any nonfulfillment, nonperformance or other breach of any covenant or agreement of the Seller or any Shareholder contained in this Agreement, the Seller Disclosure Schedule, any Ancillary Agreement or in any certificate, instrument or other document delivered by or on behalf of the Seller or any Shareholder pursuant to this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement;

(c)          any Excluded Liability and any other Liability arising out of the ownership or operation of the Purchased Assets before the Closing that is not an Assumed Liability;

(d)          notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary or any disclosure included in Seller Disclosure Schedule, any Third Party Claim made within thirty-nine (39) months of the Closing Date that alleges the patents included in the Purchased Intellectual Property infringe the intellectual property of another Person (but not any Loss suffered directly by the Purchaser on account thereof independent of such Third Party Claim); and

(e)          any Proceedings, demands or assessments incidental to any of the matters set forth in clauses (a) through (d) above.

For purposes of this Section 9.1, any inaccuracy in, or breach of any representation or warranty or other statement, or nonfulfillment, nonperformance or other breach of any covenant or agreement by the Seller or any Shareholder, and the amount of any Losses associated therewith, will be determined without regard for any materiality, “Material Adverse Effect” or similar qualification.   Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth above, no Shareholder shall be liable under Section 9.1(b) above in respect of any representation, warranty, statement, covenant or agreement contained in Section 8.8 hereof that is expressly made, or agreed to, by a Shareholder, solely on his own behalf, other that such Shareholder.

 
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For purposes of this Article 9, all Losses shall be computed net of any insurance proceeds received by Purchaser with respect thereto that reduces the Losses that would otherwise be sustained; provided, however, that in all cases, the timing of the receipt or realization of insurance proceeds shall be taken into account in determining the amount of reduction of Losses.

Section 9.2       Indemnification by the Purchaser.  Subject to the limitations expressly set forth in Section 9.6, the Purchaser will indemnify and hold harmless the Seller and each Shareholder (collectively, the “Seller Indemnified Parties”) from and against, and will pay to the Seller Indemnified Parties the monetary value of, any and all Losses incurred or suffered by the Seller Indemnified Parties directly or indirectly arising out of, relating to or resulting from any of the following:

(a)       any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty or other statement of the Purchaser contained in this Agreement, the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, any Ancillary Agreement or in any certificate, instrument or other document delivered by the Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement;

(b)       any nonfulfillment, nonperformance or other breach of any covenant or agreement of the Purchaser contained in this Agreement, the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, any Ancillary Agreement or in any certificate, instrument or other document delivered by the Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement;

(c)       any of the Assumed Liabilities and any other Liability arising out of the ownership or operation of the Purchased Assets after the Closing (except to the extent such Liability constitutes an Excluded Liability) ; and

(d)       any Proceedings, demands or assessments incidental to any of the matters set forth in clauses (a) through (c) above.

For purposes of this Section 9.2, any inaccuracy in, or breach of any representation or warranty or other statement, or nonfulfillment, nonperformance or other breach of any covenant or agreement by the Purchaser, and the amount of any Losses associated therewith, will be determined without regard for any materiality, Material Adverse Effect or similar qualification.

Section 9.3       Claim Procedure.

(a)       A party that seeks indemnity under this Article 9 (an “Indemnified Party”) will give written notice (a “Claim Notice”) to the party from whom indemnification is sought (an “Indemnifying Party”) containing (i) a description and, if known, the estimated amount of any Losses incurred or reasonably expected to be incurred by the Indemnified Party, (ii) a reasonable explanation of the basis for the Claim Notice to the extent of the facts then known by the Indemnified Party and (iii) a demand for payment of those Losses.

 
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(b)       Within 30 days after delivery of a Claim Notice, the Indemnifying Party will deliver to the Indemnified Party a written response in which the Indemnifying Party will either:

(i)      agree that the Indemnified Party is entitled to receive all of the Losses at issue in the Claim Notice; or

(ii)     dispute the Indemnified Party’s entitlement to indemnification by delivering to the Indemnified Party a written notice (an “Objection Notice”) setting forth in reasonable detail each disputed item, the basis for each such disputed item and certifying that all such disputed items are being disputed in good faith.

(c)       If the Indemnifying Party fails to take either of the foregoing actions within 30 days after delivery of the Claim Notice, then the Indemnifying Party will be deemed to have irrevocably accepted the Claim Notice and the Indemnifying Party will be deemed to have irrevocably agreed to pay the Losses at issue in the Claim Notice.

(d)       If the Indemnifying Party delivers an Objection Notice to the Indemnified Party within 30 days after delivery of the Claim Notice, then the dispute may be resolved by any legally available means consistent with the provisions of Section 10.12.

(e)       Any indemnification of the Purchaser Indemnified Parties pursuant to this Article 9 will be effected by wire transfer of immediately available funds from the Seller or the Shareholders to an account designated by the Purchaser, and any indemnification of the Seller Indemnified Parties pursuant to this Article 9 will be effected by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by the Selling Parties’ Representative .  

(f)        The foregoing indemnification payments will be made within five business days after the date on which (i) the amount of such payments are determined by mutual agreement of the parties, (ii) the amount of such payments are determined pursuant to Section 9.3(c) if an Objection Notice has not been timely delivered in accordance with Section 9.3(b) or (iii) both such amount and the Indemnifying Party’s obligation to pay such amount have been finally determined by a final Judgment of a court having jurisdiction over such proceeding as permitted by Section 10.12 if an Objection Notice has been timely delivered in accordance with Section 9.3(b).

(g)       For purposes of  Section 9.3 and Section 9.4, (i) if the Seller or the Shareholders comprise the Indemnifying Party, any references to the Indemnifying Party (except provisions relating to an obligation to make or a right to receive any payments) will be deemed to refer to the Selling Parties’ Representative and (ii) if the Seller or the Shareholders comprises the Indemnified Party, any references to the Indemnified Party (except provisions relating to an obligation to make or a right to receive any payments) will be deemed to refer to the Selling Parties’ Representative.

 
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Section 9.4       Third Party Claims.

(a)        Without limiting the general application of the other provisions of this Agreement (including the Purchaser’s indemnification rights under Section 9.1(d) hereof), if another Person not a party to this Agreement alleges facts that, if true, would mean that a party has breached its representations and warranties in this Agreement, the party for whose benefit the representations and warranties are made will be entitled to indemnity for those allegations and demands and related Losses under and pursuant to this Article 9.  If the Indemnified Party seeks indemnity under this Article 9 in respect of, arising out of or involving a claim or demand, whether or not involving a Proceeding, by another Person not a party to this Agreement (a “Third Party Claim”), then the Indemnified Party will include in the Claim Notice (i) notice of the commencement or threat of any Proceeding relating to such Third Party Claim within 30 days after the Indemnified Party has received written notice of the commencement of the Third Party Claim and (ii) the facts constituting the basis for such Third Party Claim and the amount of the damages claimed by the other Person, in each case to the extent known to the Indemnified Party.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, no delay or deficiency on the part of the Indemnified Party in so notifying the Indemnifying Party will relieve the Indemnifying Party of any Liability or obligation under this Agreement except to the extent the Indemnifying Party has suffered actual Losses directly caused by the delay or other deficiency.

(b)       Within 30 days after the Indemnified Party’s delivery of a Claim Notice under this Section 9.4, the Indemnifying Party may assume control of the defense of such Third Party Claim by giving to the Indemnified Party written notice of the intention to assume such defense, but if and only if the Indemnifying Party further:

(i)      acknowledges in writing to the Indemnified Party that any Losses that may be assessed in connection with the Third Party Claim constitute Losses for which the Indemnified Party will be indemnified pursuant to this Article 9 without contest or objection and that the Indemnifying Party will advance all expenses and costs of defense; and

(ii)     retains counsel for the defense of the Third Party Claim reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and furnishes to the Indemnified Party evidence satisfactory to the Indemnified Party that the Indemnifying Party has and will have sufficient financial resources to fund on a current basis the cost of such defense and pay all Losses that may arise under the Third Party Claim.

However, if the Seller or the Shareholders are the Indemnifying Party, in no event may the Indemnifying Party assume, maintain control of, or participate in, the defense of any Third Party Claim (A) involving criminal liability, (B) in which any relief other than monetary damages is sought against the Indemnified Party, (C) in which the outcome of any Judgment or settlement in the matter could adversely affect the Indemnified Party’s Tax Liability or the ability of the Indemnified Party to conduct its business (collectively, clauses (A) – (D), the “Special Claims”) or (D) for which the Purchaser makes a claim pursuant to Section 9.1(d) (clause (D), an “IP Claim”).  An Indemnifying Party will lose any previously acquired right to control the defense of any Third Party Claim if for any reason the Indemnifying Party ceases to actively, competently and diligently conduct the defense.

 
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(c)       If the Indemnifying Party does not, or is not able to, assume or maintain control of the defense of a Third Party Claim in compliance with Section 9.4(b), the Indemnified Party will have the right to control the defense of the Third Party Claim.  If the Indemnified Party controls the defense of the Third Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party agrees to pay to the Indemnified Party promptly upon demand from time to time all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses of defending the Third Party Claim.  To the extent that the Third Party Claim does not constitute a Special Claim, the party not controlling the defense (the “Noncontrolling Party”) may participate therein at its own expense.  However, if the Indemnifying Party assumes control of such defense as permitted above and the Indemnified Party reasonably concludes that the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party have conflicting interests or different defenses available with respect to the Third Party Claim, then the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to the Indemnified Party will be considered and included as “Losses” for purposes of this Agreement.  The party controlling the defense (the “Controlling Party”) will reasonably advise the Noncontrolling Party of the status of the Third Party Claim and the defense thereof and, with respect to any Third Party Claim that does not relate to a Special Claim, the Controlling Party will consider in good faith recommendations made by the Noncontrolling Party.  The Noncontrolling Party will furnish the Controlling Party with such information as it may have with respect to such Third Party Claim and related Proceedings (including copies of any summons, complaint or other pleading which may have been served on such party and any written claim, demand, invoice, billing or other document evidencing or asserting the same) and will otherwise cooperate with and assist in the defense of the Third Party Claim.

(d)       If the Indemnified Party is controlling the defense of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnified Party has the right to agree in good faith to any compromise or settlement of, or the entry of any Judgment arising from, the Third Party Claim without prior notice to or consent of the Indemnifying Party; provided, however, that with respect to any IP Claim, Seller will not be bound by any such compromise, settlement or Judgment without its prior written consent.  All amounts paid or payable under such settlement or Judgment are Losses that the Indemnifying Party owes to the Indemnified Party under this Article 9.  The Indemnifying Party will not agree to any compromise or settlement of, or the entry of any Judgment arising from, the Third Party Claim without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, which consent the Indemnified Party will not unreasonably withhold or delay.  The Indemnified Party will have no Liability with respect to any compromise or settlement of, or the entry of any Judgment arising from, any Third Party Claim effected without its consent.

(e)       Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article 9, if a Person not a party to this Agreement asserts that a Purchaser Indemnified Party is liable to such Person for a monetary or other obligation which individually may constitute or result in Losses not to exceed $100,000 for which the Purchaser Indemnified Party may be entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article 9, and the Purchaser Indemnified Party reasonably determines that it has a business reason to fulfill such obligation, then (i) the Purchaser Indemnified Party will be entitled to satisfy such obligation, without prior notice to or consent from the Indemnifying Party, (ii) the Purchaser Indemnified Party may subsequently make a claim for indemnification in accordance with the provisions of this Article 9 and (iii) the Purchaser Indemnified Party will be reimbursed, in accordance with the provisions of this Article 9, for any such Losses for which it is entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article 9, subject to the right of the Indemnifying Party to dispute the Purchaser Indemnified Party’s entitlement to indemnification, or the amount for which it is entitled to indemnification, under the provisions of this Article 9.

 
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(f)        Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10.12, the Seller and the Shareholders consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any court in which a Proceeding is brought by another Person against any Purchaser Indemnified Party for purposes of any claim that a Purchaser Indemnified Party may have under this Agreement with respect to the Proceeding or the matters alleged therein.  The Seller and the Shareholders agree that process may be served on them with respect to such a claim anywhere in the world.

Section 9.5       Survival of Representations and Warranties.  

(a)       All representations and warranties contained in this Agreement, the Seller Disclosure Schedule, the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule, any Ancillary Agreement or in any certificate, instrument or other document delivered pursuant to this Agreement will survive the Closing for a period of thirty-nine (39) months   from the Closing Date; provided, however, that (i) the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 3.15 ( Tax Matters ), 3.16 ( Employee Benefit Matters ) and 3.18 ( Environmental Matters ) will survive until 180 days following the expiration of the statute of limitations applicable to the underlying matters covered by such provisions; and (ii) the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 3.2 ( Authority and Enforceability ), 3.3 ( No Conflict ), 3.4 ( Capitalization and Ownership ) and 3.28 ( Brokers or Finders ) will survive indefinitely.

(b)       All claims for indemnification under Section 9.1(a) or Section 9.2(a) must be asserted prior to the expiration of the applicable survival period set forth in Section 9.5(a); provided, however, that if an Indemnified Party delivers to an Indemnifying Party, before expiration of the applicable survival period of a representation or warranty as set forth in Section 9.5(a), either a Claim Notice based upon a breach of any such representation or warranty, or a notice that, as a result of a claim or demand made by a Person not a party to this Agreement, the Indemnified Party reasonably expects to incur Losses, then the applicable representation or warranty will survive until, but only for purposes of, the resolution of the matter covered by such notice.  If the claim with respect to which such notice has been given is definitively withdrawn or resolved in favor of the Indemnified Party, the Indemnified Party will promptly so notify the Indemnifying Party.

Section 9.6       Limitations on Liability.

(a)       Neither the Seller or the Shareholders , on the one hand, nor the Purchaser , on the other hand, is liable under this Article 9 unless and until the aggregate Losses for which they or it, respectively, would otherwise be liable under this Agreement exceed $100,000 (at which point the Seller and the Shareholders or the Purchaser, as applicable, are liable for the aggregate Losses and not just amounts in excess of that sum); provided, however, that the foregoing limitation does not apply to the following:  

(i)       claims with respect to any amounts owed to the Purchaser or the Seller in connection with the adjustments contemplated by Section 2.7;

 
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(ii)      claims under Section 9.1(a) relating to a breach of the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 3.1 ( Organization and Good Standing ), 3.2 ( Authority and Enforceability ), 3.4 ( Capitalization and Ownership ), 3.15 ( Tax Matters ) or 3.28 ( Brokers or Finders ), or any breach of any of the Seller’s and the Shareholders’ other representations and warranties of which the Seller had Knowledge on or before the Closing Date (and Section 9.1(e) relating to any of the foregoing);  

(iii)     claims under Sections 9.1(b), (c) or (d)  (or Section 9.1(e) relating to any of the foregoing);

(iv)     claims under Section 9.2(b) or (c) (or Section 9.2(d) relating to any of the foregoing); and

(v)      claims with respect to any amounts owed to the Seller, or its assigns, in connection with any Annual Earn-out Payment.

(b)        In no event will the Seller’s and the Shareholder’s aggregate Liability under this Agreement exceed the greater of (i) $5,000,000 or (ii) the aggregate amount of the Annual Earn-out Payments; provided, however, that the foregoing limitations do not apply to the following:

(i)      claims with respect to any amounts owed to the Purchaser in connection with the adjustments contemplated by Section 2.7;

(ii)     claims under Section 9.1(a) relating to a breach of the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 3.1 ( Organization and Good Standing ), 3.2 ( Authority and Enforceability ), 3.4 ( Capitalization and Ownership ), 3.15 ( Tax Matters ) or 3.28 ( Brokers or Finders ); and

(iii)    claims under Sections 9.1(b), (c) or (d) (or Section 9.1(e) relating to any of the foregoing).

( c )       In no event will the Purchaser ’s Liability under this Agreement , after the Closing and the payment of the Initial Purchase Price, exceed the greater of (i) $5,000,000 or (ii) the aggregate amount of the Annual Earn-out Payments ; provided, however, that the foregoing limitations do not apply to the following:

(i)      claims with respect to any amounts owed to the Seller in connection with the adjustments contemplated by Section 2.7;

(ii)     claims under Section 9.2 (a) relating to a breach of the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 4.1 ( Organization and Good Standing ), or 4.2 ( Authority and Enforceability ); and

(iii)    claims under Sections 9.2 (b) or (c) (or Section 9.2(d) relating to any of the foregoing) , including claims in respect of the Earn-out payable hereunder.

 
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(d)       Nothing in this Agreement will limit the Liability of a party to the other party for fraud or willful misconduct.

Section 9.7       Exercise of Remedies by Purchaser Indemnified Parties other than the Purchaser.  No Purchaser Indemnified Party (other than the Purchaser or any successor or assignee of the Purchaser) is entitled to assert any indemnification claim or exercise any other remedy under this Agreement unless the Purchaser (or any successor or assignee of the Purchaser) consents to the assertion of the indemnification claim or the exercise of such other remedy.

Section 9.8       Exclusive Remedy. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the parties acknowledge and agree that, except for claims of fraud or willful misconduct, the indemnities set forth in this Article 9 will be the sole and exclusive remedy of Purchaser for any breach, default, inaccuracy or failure of any of the warranties, representations, conditions, covenants or agreements by the Seller or the Shareholders contained in this Agreement and/or in any certificate, document, writing or instrument delivered by the Seller or the Shareholders pursuant to this Agreement, whether for Losses or other legal or equitable relief and whether based upon contract, tort or upon any other theory of law and, with respect to indemnification, where applicable, be subject to the limitations and procedures contained in this Article 9.

ARTICLE 10
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 10.1     Selling Parties’ Representative.

(a)       By virtue of their execution of this Agreement, each of the Seller and each Shareholder designates and appoints Peter D. Marx (the “Selling Parties’ Representative”) as its agent and attorney-in-fact with full power and authority to act for and on behalf of each of them to give and receive notices and communications, to accept service of process on behalf of each of them pursuant to Section 9.4(f) and Section 10.12, to agree to, negotiate, enter into settlements and compromises of, and comply with Judgments of courts or other Governmental Authorities and awards of arbitrators, with respect to, any claims by any Purchaser Indemnified Party against the Seller or any Shareholder or by the Seller or any Shareholder against any Purchaser Indemnified Party, or any other dispute between any Purchaser Indemnified Party and the Seller or any Shareholder, in each case relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and to take all actions that are either (i) necessary or appropriate in the judgment of the Selling Parties’ Representative for the accomplishment of the foregoing or (ii) specifically mandated by the terms of this Agreement.  Notices or communications to or from the Selling Parties’ Representative constitute notice to or from the Seller and each Shareholder for all purposes under this Agreement.

 
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(b)       The Selling Parties’ Representative may delegate its authority as Selling Parties’ Representative to any one of the Shareholders for a fixed or indeterminate period of time upon not less than 10 business days’ prior written notice to the Purchaser in accordance with Section 10.2.  In the event of the death or incapacity of the Selling Parties’ Representative, a successor Selling Parties’ Representative will be elected promptly by the Shareholders who as of the Closing Date hold of record a majority of the shares of the Seller’s common stock held by such Shareholders, and the Shareholders will so notify the Purchaser.  Each successor Selling Parties’ Representative has all of the power, authority, rights and privileges conferred by this Agreement upon the original Selling Parties’ Representative, and the term “Selling Parties’ Representative” as used in this Agreement includes any successor Selling Parties’ Representative.
 
(c)       A decision, act, instruction or Consent of the Selling Parties’ Representative constitutes a decision, act, instruction or Consent of the Seller and all the Shareholders and is final, binding and conclusive upon the Seller and the Shareholders, and the Purchaser and any Indemnified Party may rely upon any such decision, act, instruction or Consent of the Selling Parties’ Representative as being the decision, act, instruction or Consent of the Seller and the Shareholders.  The Purchaser is hereby relieved from any Liability to any Person for any acts done or omissions by the Purchaser in accordance with such decision, act, instruction or Consent of the Selling Parties’ Representative.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Purchaser is entitled to rely, without inquiry, upon any document delivered by the Selling Parties’ Representative as being genuine and correct and having been duly signed or sent by the Selling Parties’ Representative.
 
(d)       This appointment and grant of power and authority by the Seller and the Shareholders to the Selling Parties’ Representative pursuant to this Section 10.1 is coupled with an interest, is in consideration of the mutual covenants made in this Agreement, is irrevocable and may not be terminated by the act of the Seller or any Shareholder or by operation of Law, whether upon the death or incapacity of any Shareholder, or by the occurrence of any other event.

Section 10.2     Notices.  All notices and other communications under this Agreement must be in writing and are deemed duly delivered when (a) delivered if delivered personally or by nationally recognized overnight courier service (costs prepaid), (b) sent by facsimile with confirmation of transmission by the transmitting equipment (or, the first business day following such transmission if the date of transmission is not a business day) or (c) received or rejected by the addressee, if sent by United States of America certified or registered mail, return receipt requested; in each case to the following addresses or facsimile numbers and marked to the attention of the individual (by name or title) designated below (or to such other address, facsimile number or individual as a party may designate by notice to the other parties):

If to the Seller:

Advanced Combustion Technology, Inc.
1106 Hooksett Road
Hooksett, New Hampshire 03106

Attention: Peter D. Marx
Fax no.: (603) 627-9449

 
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with a mandatory copy (not constituting notice) to:

Berkowitz, Trager and Trager, LLC
8 Wright Street
Westport, Connecticut 06880

Attention: Paul Berg
Fax no: (203) 226-3801

If to the Purchaser:

Fuel Tech, Inc.
27601 Bella Vista Parkway
Warrenville, Illinois 60555

Attention: Legal Department
Fax no.: 630.845.4501

If to a Shareholder:

Peter D. Marx
11 Fieldstone Drive
Hooksett, New Hampshire 03106
Fax no.: (603) 218-6094

Robert W. Pickering
74 Oakmont Drive
Concord, New Hampshire
Fax no.: (603) 289-0882

Charles E. Trippel
16 Lewis Road
Marlborough, Connecticut 06447
Fax no.: (860) 371-2346

Section 10.3     Amendment.  This Agreement may not be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except in a written document signed by each party to be bound by the amendment and that identifies itself as an amendment to this Agreement.
 
Section 10.4    Waiver and Remedies.  The parties may (a) extend the time for performance of any of the obligations or other acts of any other party to this Agreement, (b) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties of any other party to this Agreement contained in this Agreement or in any certificate, instrument or document delivered pursuant to this Agreement or (c) waive compliance with any of the covenants, agreements or conditions for the benefit of such party contained in this Agreement.  Any such extension or waiver by any party to this Agreement will be valid only if set forth in a written document signed on behalf of the party or parties against whom the waiver or extension is to be effective.  Any such extension or waiver signed by the Selling Parties’ Representative is binding upon and effective against the Seller and each Shareholder regardless of whether or not the Seller or such Shareholder has in fact signed the extension or waiver.  No extension or waiver will apply to any time for performance, inaccuracy in any representation or warranty, or noncompliance with any covenant, agreement or condition, as the case may be, other than that which is specified in the written extension or waiver.  No failure or delay by any party in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement or any of the documents delivered pursuant to this Agreement, and no course of dealing between the parties, operates as a waiver of such right or remedy, and no single or partial exercise of any such right or remedy precludes any other or further exercise of such right or remedy or the exercise of any other right or remedy.  Any enumeration of a party’s rights and remedies in this Agreement is not intended to be exclusive, and a party’s rights and remedies are intended to be cumulative to the extent permitted by law and include any rights and remedies authorized in law or in equity.

 
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Section 10.5     Entire Agreement.   This Agreement (including the Schedules and Exhibits hereto and the documents and instruments referred to in this Agreement that are to be delivered at the Closing) constitutes the entire agreement among the parties and supersedes any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, or any of them, written or oral, with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement.

Section 10.6     Assignment and Successors and No Third Party Rights.  This Agreement binds and benefits the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.  Seller may not assign any of its rights under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Purchaser (which consent may be withheld in the Purchaser’s sole and absolute discretion); provided, however, that Seller may assign its rights under this Agreement to a corporation or limited liability company formed in the United States provided that such entity (a) is owned solely and exclusively by the Shareholders, and (b) unconditionally and irrevocably assumes all of the Seller’s duties and obligations under this Agreement and all Excluded Liabilities of the Seller pursuant to a written assumption agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Purchaser.  Nothing expressed or referred to in this Agreement will be construed to give any Person, other than the parties to this Agreement, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or with respect to this Agreement or any provision of this Agreement except such rights as may inure to a successor or permitted assignee under this Section.  

Section 10.7     Severability.  If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement are not affected or impaired in any way and the parties agree to negotiate in good faith to replace such invalid, illegal and unenforceable provision with a valid, legal and enforceable provision that achieves, to the greatest lawful extent under this Agreement, the economic, business and other purposes of such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision.

Section 10.8     Exhibits and Schedules.  The Exhibits and Schedules to this Agreement are incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Agreement.  The Seller Disclosure Schedule and the Purchaser Disclosure Schedule are arranged in sections and paragraphs corresponding to the numbered and lettered sections and paragraphs of Article 3, Article 4 and Article 6, as applicable.   Statements in one section of the Seller Disclosure Schedule may specifically cross reference other applicable sections or parts of the Seller Disclosure Schedule without repeating disclosure that applies to more than one section. In addition, any matters disclosed in any section of this Agreement or in any section of the Seller Disclosure Schedule shall be deemed to qualify other sections of this Agreement or the Seller Disclosure Schedule only to the extent it is reasonably clear that such disclosure applies.   The listing or inclusion of a copy of a document or other item is not adequate to disclose an exception to any representation or warranty in this Agreement unless the representation or warranty relates to the existence of the document or item itself.

 
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Section 10.9     Interpretation.  In the negotiation of this Agreement, each party has received advice from its own attorney.  The language used in this Agreement is the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no provision of this Agreement will be interpreted for or against any party because that party or its attorney drafted the provision.

Section 10.10   Governing Law.  Unless any Exhibit or Schedule specifies a different choice of law, the internal laws of the State of Delaware (without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of laws of any other jurisdiction)   govern all matters arising out of or relating to this Agreement and its Exhibits and Schedules and all of the transactions it contemplates, including its validity, interpretation, construction, performance and enforcement and any disputes or controversies arising therefrom or related thereto.  

Section 10.11   Specific Performance.  The parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached.  The parties accordingly agree that, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity, the parties are entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent breaches of this Agreement and otherwise to enforce specifically the provisions of this Agreement.  Each party expressly waives any requirement that any other party obtain any bond or provide any indemnity in connection with any action seeking injunctive relief or specific enforcement of the provisions of this Agreement.

Section 10.12   Jurisdiction and Service of Process. Each party hereto irrevocably and unconditionally (a) agrees that any suit, action or other legal proceeding arising out of this Agreement must be brought in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois or, if such court does not have jurisdiction or will not accept jurisdiction, in any court of general jurisdiction in  DuPage  County, Illinois (b) consents to the jurisdiction of any such court in any such suit, action or proceeding ; and (c) waives any objection which such party may have to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court.

Section 10.13   Waiver of Jury Trial.   Each of the parties knowingly, voluntarily and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, all right to trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim (whether based on contract, tort or otherwise) arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the actions of any party to this Agreement in negotiation, administration, performance or enforcement of this Agreement.

 
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Section 10.14  Expenses.  Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each party will pay its respective direct and indirect expenses incurred by it in connection with the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including all fees and expenses of its advisors and representatives.  If this Agreement is terminated, the obligation of each party to pay its own expenses will be subject to any rights of such party arising from any breach of this Agreement by another party.

Section 10.15   Counterparts.  The parties may execute this Agreement in multiple counterparts, each of which constitutes an original as against the party that signed it, and all of which together constitute one agreement.  This Agreement is effective upon delivery of one executed counterpart from each party to the other parties.  The signatures of all parties need not appear on the same counterpart.  The delivery of signed counterparts by facsimile or email transmission that includes a copy of the sending party’s signature(s) is as effective as signing and delivering the counterpart in person.

[Signature page follows.]

 
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The parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date indicated in the first sentence of this Agreement.

FUEL TECH, INC.
   
By:
/s/ John F. Norris Jr.
 
John F. Norris Jr.
 
Chief Executive Officer
   
ADVANCED COMBUSTION
TECHNOLOGY, INC.
   
By:
/s/ Peter D. Marx
 
Peter D. Marx
 
President

/s/ Peter D. Marx
Peter D. Marx, in his individual capacity
 
/s/ Robert W. Pickering
Robert W. Pickering, in his individual capacity
 
/s/ Charles E. Trippel
Charles E. Trippel, in his individual capacity

 
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ACCEPTANCE AND AGREEMENT OF SELLING PARTIES’ REPRESENTATIVE
 
The undersigned, being the Selling Parties’ Representative appointed in Section 10.1 of the foregoing Agreement, agrees to serve as the Selling Parties’ Representative and to be bound by the terms of the Agreement pertaining to that role.
 
Date: December 5, 2008

/s/ Peter D. Marx
Peter D. Marx

 
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Exhibit 23.1- UPDATED AND COMING FROM GRANT THORNTON

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We have issued our reports dated March 5, 2009, with respect to the consolidated financial statements, schedule, and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of Fuel Tech, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.  We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statement of Fuel Tech, Inc. on Form S-8 (No. 333-137735 effective October 2, 2006).

 
/s/ Grant Thornton LLP
Chicago, Illinois
March 5, 2009
 

 
Exhibit 31.1

I, John F. Norris Jr., certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Fuel Tech, Inc.;

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this  report;

4.           The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules l3a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)           designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)           designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)           evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)           disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.           The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of  directors:

a)           all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)           any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  March 5, 2009

By: 
/s/ John F. Norris Jr.
 
     John F. Norris Jr.
 
     Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 

 
 
Exhibit 31.2

I, John P. Graham, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Fuel Tech, Inc.;

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.      The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules l3a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)           designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)           designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)           evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)           disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.           The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors:

a)           all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)           any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: as of March 5, 2009

By: 
/s/ John P. Graham
 
     John P. Graham
 
     Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 

 
 
 
Exhibit 32

The undersigned in their capacities as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant do hereby certify that:

(i)  this report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in the report.

Date: March 5, 2009

 
By:
/s/ John F. Norris Jr.
 
   
     John F. Norris Jr.
 
   
     Chief Executive Officer
 

Date: March 5, 2009

 
By:
/s/ John P. Graham
 
   
     John P. Graham
 
   
     Chief Financial Officer
 

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Act") this certification accompanies the Report and shall not, except to the extent required by the Act, be deemed filed by the Registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Fuel Tech, Inc. and will be retained by Fuel Tech, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.