As filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on August 4, 2009
Registration
No. 333-155341
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 4
to
Form
S-1
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Georgia
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8731
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20-2027731
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(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation
or organization)
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(Primary
Standard Industrial
Classification Code
Number)
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(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
Number)
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3235
Satellite Boulevard
Building
400, Suite 290
Duluth,
GA 30096
(770)
965-0383
(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including
area
code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
William
Doyle
Chief
Executive Officer
3235
Satellite Boulevard
Building
400, Suite 290
Duluth,
GA 30096
(770)
965-0383
(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone
number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copy
to:
Gerald L.
Baxter, Esq.
Greenberg
Traurig, LLP
3290
Northside Parkway, Suite 400
Atlanta,
GA 30327
(678)
553-2430
Approximate date of commencement of
proposed sale to public:
As soon as practicable after this
Registration Statement is declared effective.
If any of
the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933,
check the following box.
x
If this
Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to
Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering.
o
If this
Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the
Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier registration statement for the same
offering.
o
If this
Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the
Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier registration statement for the same
offering.
o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See
the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller
reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check
one):
Large
accelerated filer
£
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Accelerated
filer
£
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Non-accelerated
filer
£
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Smaller
reporting company
x
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(Do
not check if a smaller reporting
company)
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CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered
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Amount to be
Registered
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Proposed Maximum Aggregate
Offering Price Per Unit
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Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price (1)
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Amount of Registration
Fee
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Common
Stock
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4,803,338
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$
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2.00
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(1)
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$
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9,606,676
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(1)
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$
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536.05
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(1)
Estimated solely for the purpose of
calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities
Act. Previously paid.
The Registrant hereby amends this
Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its
effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become
effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or
until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the
Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may
determine.
The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not
sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an
offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject
to Completion, dated _________, 2009
PROSPECTUS
Shares
COMMON
STOCK
This is
the initial public offering of common stock of Vystar™ Corporation, a
Georgia corporation ("Vystar" or the "Company"). We are registering for resale
up to 4,803,338 shares of our common stock held by selling shareholders of
Vystar identified in this prospectus on a delayed or continuous basis.
All of
such shares will be offered at an initial offering price of $2.00 per share
until a market for our shares develops or such shares of common stock are quoted
on the OTC Bulletin Board, with sales thereafter occurring at market
prices. Such price was determined solely on the basis of the last
price at which the Company’s common stock was sold privately.
Vystar will
not receive any proceeds from the resale of any of such shares
nor is it
offering any shares of its common stock for sale directly.
No public
market currently exists for the shares. We intend to apply for approval for our
shares of common stock to be traded on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol
"
VNRL
".
INVESTING
IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE “RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE
___.
Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is
truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
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1 -
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THE
OFFERINGS
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3 -
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SUMMARY
FINANCIAL DATA
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4 -
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RISK
FACTORS
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4 -
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SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
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8 -
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MARKET
AND INDUSTRY DATA
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8 -
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USE
OF PROCEEDS
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8 -
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DIVIDEND
POLICY
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8 -
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CAPITALIZATION
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9 -
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DILUTION
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9 -
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SELLING
SHAREHOLDERS
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9 -
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PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
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11 -
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UNITED
STATES TAX CONSIDERATIONS
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12 -
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SELECTED
FINANCIAL DATA
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13 -
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MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
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15 -
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BUSINESS
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20 -
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GOVERNMENT
REGULATION
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40 -
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MANAGEMENT
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41 -
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LIMITATION
OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
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50 -
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CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
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51 -
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PRINCIPAL
SHAREHOLDERS
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52 -
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DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK
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53 -
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SHARES
ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
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54 -
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LEGAL
MATTERS
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55 -
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EXPERTS
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55 -
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WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
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55 -
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FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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F-1
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You
should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not
authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides
you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We
are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where an
offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing
in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this
prospectus only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any
sale of the Shares. Our business, prospects, financial condition and results of
operations may have changed since that date.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This
summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This
summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before
investing in our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully,
especially the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus and our financial
statements and related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus, before
making an investment decision.
Overview
Vystar
TM
Corporation (“Vystar” or the “Company”), a development stage company with very
limited revenues, is the creator and exclusive owner of the innovative
technology to produce Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL"). This technology
reduces antigenic protein in natural rubber latex products made with Vytex to
virtually undetectable levels. The allergic reactions to untreated latex are a
significant detriment affecting numerous individuals globally that use many
different products made with NRL. With non-latex products growing at a rapid
rate due to these allergy problems, the costs for alternative materials incurred
by the manufacturers of these many different products have greatly increased.
Nearly all substitute materials are far more expensive than NRL – by a
factor of five in some cases. Vystar is introducing Vytex NRL, its new “low
protein” natural rubber latex, throughout the worldwide marketplace that uses
NRL or latex substitutes as a component of manufactured products. Vystar intends
for Vytex NRL to become the standard source of latex and latex substitutes, not
unlike a standard computer operating system on which many other applications can
run. Over 9.7 million tonnes of NRL are produced globally of which just
over one million tonnes are in liquid latex form. There are more than
40,000 products made from the liquid latex while the other eight million
tonnes are used to produce tires and other hard rubber products. Natural rubber
latex is used in an extensive range of products including balloons, textiles,
footwear and clothing (threads), adhesives, foams, furniture, carpet, paints,
coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment, and, especially health care
products such as condoms, surgical and exam gloves, catheters and other items.
Vystar intends to introduce Vytex NRL into the supply channels with aggressive,
targeted marketing campaigns directed to the end users to create the
pull-through and a competitive advantage for the manufacturers utilizing Vytex
NRL, as well as to manufacturers of the end products.
On April
11, 2008, Vystar signed a definitive agreement with Revertex (Malaysia), Sdn.
Bhd., a division of Yule Catto Far East and the world's largest producer of
pre-vulcanized natural rubber lattices for the production of Vytex NRL. Revertex
will be a non-exclusive, toll manufacturer for Vystar and has started full
production mode to manufacture Vytex NRL commercially. Vystar ran its first
production February 2, 2008 and has successfully completed several subsequent
production runs. To date, the production runs have entered the market
as samples only of varying sizes to interested
manufacturers. Further, to date, Vystar has had very limited
revenues, although we anticipate additional revenues to be generated in
the third quarter of 2009 and on-going.
On May
1, 2009, the Company and Alatech Healthcare, LLC, a major United States condom
manufacturer, received 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration to market and sell Alatech’s Envy™ condom manufactured with Vytex
NRL. The Envy condom will be the first medical product available in the United
States made from Vystar’s patented Vytex NRL, which has less than 2
micrograms/dm
2
, virtually
undetectable levels, of the antigenic proteins that can cause an allergic
response, while retaining and improving upon all the desirable qualities of
latex. The Envy condom will carry labeling that will reflect the lowest
antigenic protein content currently available in a natural rubber latex medical
device in the United States. On July 22, 2009, the Company and Alatech further
received 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market and sell Alatech's unpowdered
medical exam glove manufactured with Vytex NRL. The Alatech exam glove will
include labeling of less than 50 micrograms/gram of total
proteins.
History
and Background
Travis W.
Honeycutt, the retired CEO of the Company, is the inventor of the Vytex
TM
NRL
process. He initially formed Vystar LLC, the predecessor to the Company
in February 2000, as a Georgia limited liability company. The Company’s
operations under the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research,
development and testing of the Vytex NRL process, as well as attaining patent
protection for this invention. Mr. Honeycutt provided the Company’s early
financing from personal funds. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar
Corporation, a Georgia Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities of
the limited liability company became assets and liabilities of Vystar
Corporation, including all intellectual property rights, patents and trademarks.
In October 2005, the Company moved to its current location in Duluth, Georgia,
part of the metro Atlanta area, and established its corporate
headquarters. Mr. Honeycutt currently provides occasional
prospect advisory services in the thread industry to Vystar, and has no on-going
or regular involvement or responsibilities within or to Vystar.
Prior to
retirement, Mr. Honeycutt had over thirty-five years of experience in new
business and technical development in the industrial and healthcare markets. Mr.
Honeycutt was a founder, former Director and former Executive Vice President of
Isolyser Company, Inc., recently purchased by ECOLAB. He holds over one hundred
patents and has received several awards for entrepreneurial growth and success,
including Inc. Magazine’s Entrepreneur of the Year for Healthcare in the
Southeast Region. Mr. Honeycutt received his Bachelor of Science degree in Fiber
and Polymer Chemistry from North Carolina State University and a Masters of
Science degree in Chemical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. He
was honored with a Doctorate degree in Physics from Solomon University in Kiev,
Ukraine.
In June
2002, Vystar applied to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) for
domestic patent protection for its manufacturing process, which was issued on
June 14, 2005 as U.S. Patent 6,906,126. In April 2005, the Company filed a
continuation in part of its previously granted patent, which was approved by the
USPTO a mere 6 months later in October 2005, and was ultimately filed on June 6,
2006 as U.S. Patent 7,056,970. All 13 originally filed claims were allowed in
this patent that issued June 2006.
Vystar
also filed for international patent protection according to the Patent
Co-Operation Treaty ("PCT"), of its first series of granted patents, and has
been issued PCT patent No.: PCT/US2005/025018. This international patent has
been filed and nationalized in the European Union (EU) as well as in China, Hong
Kong, Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Canada and South Africa. We expect patents in
these countries to be issued without objection. In addition to the international
country nationalizations, we are expanding our patent filings in the U.S. to go
beyond pure method patents with only process method claims, and to include
composition of matter claims through nationalizing the PCT patent back into the
U.S. with slight modifications of the claims in the original PCT filing, thereby
expanding our patent protection.
Additionally,
we filed two provisional patent applications with the USPTO on January 18, 2008,
Serial No. 61/022,250 and July 18, 2008, Serial No. 61/081,927 to cover our
R&D advancements which were the subject of our published papers and
presentations at the Latex 2008 Conference in Madrid, Spain and at the
International Latex Conference in Cleveland, Ohio. These were converted into a
full utility patent application, Serial No. 12/356.355 covering both process
method and composition of matter claims to cover our advancements, which was
filed on January 18, 2009.
This new USPTO patent application has
also been filed as an international PCT patent application, No.
PCT/US2009/031445. We should be nationalizing that patent into the various
countries as we did with the other PCT within the next 18 months.
The
Company has applied for trademark protection for "Vystar", "Vytex" and our
tagline "Created by Nature. Recreated by Science." in the U.S. and intends
to file internationally for trademark protection. All three of these
trademarks have been officially allowed, and we are merely awaiting
the official statement and certificates of allowance from the USPTO. These
official statements and certificates are expected to be received by September
2009. No assurance can be given that such trademark protection will provide
substantial protection from competition. Vystar realizes that the market for
Vytex NRL is an industrialized world concern; therefore, Vystar is committed to
aggressively challenging any infringements of its patents and trademarks.
Mr.
Honeycutt and William Doyle, Chairman, President and CEO of the Company, have
spoken on the Company's Vytex NRL product and its potential at a number of
industry conferences, including: the International Latex Conference, in
Charlotte, North Carolina (July 2005); Latex 2006, in Frankfurt, Germany
(January 2006); Malaysian Rubber Glove Manufacturers Association's (MARGMA)
3
rd
International Rubber Glove Conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (September 2006)
and Latex 2008 in Madrid, Spain (January 2008), where their fourth technical
paper was presented. In July, 2008, a fifth technical paper was presented by the
Company’s Technical Advisor, Mark Swanson, at the International Latex Conference
in Cleveland, Ohio.
The
Company has also exhibited at the world's largest medical technology and
equipment tradeshow at the MEDICA conference in Dusseldorf, Germany in November
2007 and 2008 as part of the State of Georgia Department of Economic Development
group of companies. The Company has generated significant commercial interest in
Vytex NRL in several arenas resulting from attendance at this important global
conference.
Risks
Factors
We are a
development stage company and have generated only
limited revenues to date. You should carefully consider the risks described
under the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this prospectus. These risks
could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition,
operating results and cash flow, which could result in a partial or total loss
of your investment.
Our
Corporate Information
Our
principal executive offices are located at 3235 Satellite Boulevard, Building
400, Suite 290, Duluth, Georgia 30096, and our telephone number is 770-965-0383.
Our website address is www.vytex.com.
The
information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a
part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus
solely as an inactive textual reference.
Unless
the context otherwise requires, we use the terms “Vystar,” “our company,” “we,”
“us” and “our” in this prospectus to refer to Vystar Corporation, and its
predecessor, Vystar LLC.
THE
OFFERING
Common
Stock to be sold by the Selling Shareholders
|
Up
to 4,803,338 shares
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Use
of Proceeds
|
We
will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the common stock by the
selling shareholders
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Common
Stock to be Outstanding after this Offering
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12,655,274
shares
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Risk
Factors
|
You
should read the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus. beginning at
page __.
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The
number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is
based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of June
30, 2009, and excludes:
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·
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7,540,756
shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and
warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2009 at a weighted average exercise
price of $1.16 per share; and
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·
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An
additional 5,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance
under our equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2009.
|
SUMMARY
FINANCIAL DATA
The
following tables summarize the financial data for our business as of and for the
periods presented. You should read this information together with the “Selected
Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations” sections of this prospectus and our financial
statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Year
Ended December 31
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Three
Months Ended March 31
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Statement
of Operations Data:
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2006
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2007
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2008
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2009
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2008
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(in
thousands, except per share data)
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Net
sales
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$
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-
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$
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-
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$
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-
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$
|
3
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|
$
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-
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|
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|
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General
and administrative (1)
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759
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|
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703
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2,721
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|
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|
66
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1,362
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Research
and development (1)
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305
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|
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428
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403
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|
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467
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|
|
|
227
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Depreciation
and amortization
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8
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|
9
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1,538
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16
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996
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Total
costs and expenses
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1,072
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1,140
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4,662
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549
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|
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2,585
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
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Operating
loss
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(1,072
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)
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(1,140
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)
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(4,662
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)
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|
|
(546
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)
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|
|
(2,585
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Interest
income (expense), net
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(1
|
)
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|
20
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|
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|
22
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|
|
|
8
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|
|
|
3
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Recovery
(provision) for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
-
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(120
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)
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|
|
-
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|
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|
30
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|
|
|
-
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Loss
on disposal of assets
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|
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(13
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)
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|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(1,086
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,240
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,640
|
)
|
|
$
|
(508
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,582
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss per Share
|
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
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|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.45
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.22
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
|
|
|
13,185
|
|
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14,495
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|
|
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10,319
|
|
|
|
11,952
|
|
|
|
11,990
|
|
(1)
Includes stock-based compensation expense
RISK
FACTORS
An
investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should
carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment
decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results
could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently
known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. As a result, you may lose
all or part of your investment. Before deciding whether to invest in our common
stock you should also refer to the other information contained in this
prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes.
Risks
Related to Our Business
We have
had very limited revenues in our history.
We have
had very limited revenues in our history. While we anticipate that additional
revenues will be generated by the third quarter of 2009, such revenues, if
any, will not be sufficient for the Company to become profitable. We expect to
make significant future expenditures to develop and expand our business. We may
incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including due to
the other risks described in this prospectus, and we may encounter unforeseen
expenses, difficulties, complications and delays and other unknown events.
Accordingly, we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability, and we may
incur significant losses for the foreseeable future.
Vystar
is a development stage company.
Vystar is
a development stage company with limited operating experience. Vystar is in the
early stages of implementing a business plan which is new to Vystar, its
directors, officers and employees. The financial success of Vystar and the
ultimate value, if any, of our common stock will be dependent upon the soundness
of this business concept and the ability of management of the Company to
successfully and profitably execute that concept.
The lack
of an operations history eliminates your ability to use standard methods of
company valuation, such as price/earnings ratio analysis or present value of
cash flows analysis, to appropriately value the Company and an investment
therein. The value of your investment in the common stock will significantly
decline, or even become worthless, if our business is not
successful.
Operating
results could fluctuate and differ considerably from our financial
forecasts.
Our
business model is based on assumptions derived from (i) the experience of the
principals of the Company, and (ii) third party market information and analysis.
There are no assurances that these assumptions will prove to be valid for our
future operations or plans.
Our
operating results may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of
factors, including:
|
·
|
Acceptance by manufacturers of
the Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex
technology;
|
|
·
|
Our ability to achieve and
sustain profitability;
|
|
·
|
Consumer confidence in products
manufactured using our Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex
technology.
|
Our business is
totally dependent on market demand for, and acceptance of, the Vytex
TM
Natural Rubber
Latex process.
We expect
to derive most of our revenue from the sales of our Vytex
TM
Natural Rubber Latex raw material to various manufacturers of rubber and rubber
end products using NRL and/or their distributors. We will pay natural rubber
latex processors a fee for the service of manufacturing and creating Vytex NRL
for us under our toll manufacturing agreement. Conversely, Vystar will collect a
fee under the licensing model. Our Vytex NRL product is new and operates within
broad, diverse and rapidly changing markets. As a result, widespread acceptance
and use of product is critical to our future growth and success. If the market
for our product fails to grow or grows more slowly than we currently anticipate,
demand for our product could be negatively affected.
Assertions by a
third party that our process infringes its intellectual property, whether or not
correct, could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive
licenses.
There is
frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of
intellectual property rights. As we face increasing competition and become
increasingly visible as an operating company, the possibility of intellectual
property rights claims against us may grow.
Any
intellectual property rights claim against us or our customers, with or without
merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle and could divert
management attention and financial resources. An adverse determination also
could prevent us from offering our process, require us to pay damages, require
us to obtain a license or require that we stop using technology found to be in
violation of a third party’s rights or procure or develop substitute services
that do not infringe, which could require significant resources and
expenses.
The market in
which we will participate is competitive and if we do not compete effectively,
our operating results may be harmed.
The
markets for our product are competitive and rapidly changing. With the
introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect competition to
intensify in the future. In addition, pricing pressures and increased
competition generally could result in reduced sales, reduced margins or the
failure of our services to achieve or maintain widespread market
acceptance.
While
early interest was strong in a new innovative product in the natural rubber
latex industry, pricing and regulatory approvals remain a key selling factor
especially in the exam glove arena. There is no manufacturer signed to date that
has accepted Vytex NRL into its product mix.
While
Vytex NRL has received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for condoms and
exam gloves, there is no assurance that future applications will be cleared.
In order
for Vytex to be used in medical device applications, the manufacturer of the end
product must submit an application to the FDA. If the device is
classified by the FDA as Class II (i.e., condoms, surgical gloves, and most
non-cardiac and non-renal/dialysis catheters) and in some cases Class I (i.e.,
exam gloves), a 510(k) application must be filed with the FDA seeking clearance
to market the device based on the fact that there is at least one other
predicate or similar device already marketed. If the product is
classified as a class III product (i.e., most cardiac and renal/dialysis
catheters, certain adhesives and other in vivo devices), or is otherwise a new
device with no predicate on the market already, then the manufacturer of the end
product must submit a Pre-Market Approval (“PMA”) application seeking approval
by the FDA to market the device. The PMA approval process is much
more in depth and lengthy and requires a greater degree of clinical data and FDA
review than does a 510(k) clearance process.
Since
Vytex is a raw material and not an end-product, Vystar is not the entity that
files with the FDA for any clearance or approval to market a
device. Instead, the end-product manufacturers who will be selling
and marketing the device(s) must submit applications and seek the FDA clearance
or approval depending upon the device classification. Vystar’s role
in this process is only as a background support to the manufacturers to supply
information and any technical or test data regarding the Vytex raw material if
and to the extent needed.
An
American manufacturer of condoms and exam gloves has been engaged in
production work and has completed required testing and received FDA clearance
for using Vytex NRL in their condom and exam glove lines.
Notwithstanding such approvals, we have no assurance that future products
will provide acceptable test results and even if they do, there is no certainty
that the FDA will approve the applications.
Vystar
may seek to have lower protein claims than what is currently on the market today
for exam gloves, and may ultimately seek to have latex warnings removed from or
modified on all FDA-regulated products, but it cannot guarantee that either of
such actions will be approved by the FDA.
The
FDA scrutinizes heavily any and all claims categorizing the protein levels and
other claims of a NRL product. Currently, the FDA has allowed claims only
stating the level of less than 50 micrograms/gram of total extractable proteins
pursuant to only one of two FDA-recognized standards on exam or surgical gloves.
Vystar intends to claim protein levels pursuant to both of the two
FDA-recognized standards, which will result in claiming the lowest level of
antigenic proteins for a
Hevea
NRL product currently on the market. Although the FDA has cleared such
claims on the condom using Vytex NRL, the FDA rejected those claims for the exam
glove. There is no guarantee that the FDA will ultimately or ever allow these
claims on an exam glove.
Additionally,
for many years, the FDA has required warnings on products containing latex due
to the latex allergy issue that exists. Vystar plans on petitioning the FDA to
have that label removed from or modified on products manufactured with Vytex
NRL, by filing a Citizen’s Petition. Such Petition is likely to require clinical
test results indicating acceptable allergic reactions associated with
Vytex NRL. There are no assurances that the FDA will grant that request.
Manufacturers
are implementing trials of Vytex NRL in their facilities but final data are not
yet available from all these manufacturers on its viability for their particular
environments.
Samples
of Vytex NRL have been made available to several natural rubber latex and latex
substitute end product manufacturers. Since the completion of the Vytex NRL
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Vystar has toll manufactured several
one-tonne production runs at Revertex Malaysia. Manufacturers that have signed a
sampling agreement with us have been provided with samples of Vytex NRL for
validating its use in their manufacturing processes. To date, only a small
number of manufacturers have completed those runs so feedback is minimal at this
point. Although most feedback received to date is positive, there is no
assurance that such feedback will continue to be satisfactory.
Risks
Related to the Ownership of Our Common Stock.
The
offering price of the common stock and warrants in our recently completed
private placement was set arbitrarily.
In our
recently completed private placement, we issued 1,477,000 shares of our
common stock and 738,500 warrants to purchase our common stock, at an
aggregate price of $2.00 per share and accompanying warrants. This price was set
arbitrarily and there should be no implication from such pricing that the common
stock now has or ever will have a market value of $2.00 per share or that such
stock could ever be sold for $2.00 per share or at any price. Earlier offerings
of our common stock were at prices from $1.00 to $1.50 per share of common
stock, together with warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an
exercise price of $.50 per share.
Our
failure to raise additional capital or generate the cash flows necessary to
expand our operations and invest in our services could reduce our ability to
compete successfully.
While we
currently do not need to raise additional capital, it is likely we will need to
raise additional funds in the latter part of 2009, and we may not be able to
obtain such additional financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise
additional equity financing, our shareholders may experience significant
dilution of their ownership interests, and the per share value of our common
stock could decline. If we engage in debt financing, we may be required to
accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness and
force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios. If we need additional
capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, we may not be able to, among
other things:
|
·
|
continue to expand our sales and
marketing organizations;
|
|
·
|
expand our operations, in the
United States or
internationally;
|
|
·
|
hire, train and retain employees;
or
|
|
·
|
respond to competitive pressures
or unanticipated working capital
requirements.
|
We
do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not
anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the
foreseeable future. Consequently, investors must rely on sales of their common
stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to
realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends
should not purchase our common stock.
There
is no assurance that any significant public market for our shares of common
stock will develop either during or after the completion of this resale of
common stock by the selling shareholders.
While
we
intend to apply
for approval for our shares of common stock to be traded on the OTC Bulletin
Board, there is no assurance that such approval will be granted or that there
will be any significant public market for our common stock even if such approval
is granted. All of our common stock has been previously issued privately
and will not be eligible for public resale under SEC Rule 144 for at
least three months after Vystar becomes a fully-reporting company under the
1934 Act.
SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This
prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks
and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts,
contained in this prospectus, including statements about our strategy, future
operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs,
prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements.
The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,”
“plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,”
“should,” “continue” and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain
these identifying words. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus
include, among other things, statements about:
|
·
|
our plans to commercialize and
market our services;
|
|
·
|
our financial
performance;
|
|
·
|
the potential benefits of
collaboration agreements and our ability to enter into selective
collaboration arrangements;
|
|
·
|
our ability to quickly and
efficiently identify and develop new products and markets for our Vytex
NRL;
|
|
·
|
our ability to establish and
maintain intellectual property
rights; and
|
|
·
|
our estimates regarding expenses,
future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional
financing.
|
We may
not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our
forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our
forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially
from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking
statements we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary
statements included in this prospectus, particularly in the “Risk Factors”
section of this prospectus, that we believe could cause actual results or events
to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our
forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future
acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may
make.
You
should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that our
actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We do not
assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a
result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by
law.
MARKET
AND INDUSTRY DATA
In this
prospectus, we rely on and refer to information and statistics regarding the
industries and the markets in which we intend to compete. We obtained this
information and these statistics from various third-party sources and where
appropriate have indicated such sources. We believe that these sources and the
estimates contained therein are reliable. Such information involves risks and
uncertainties and is subject to change based on various factors, including those
discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus.
USE
OF PROCEEDS
Vystar
will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling
shareholders.
DIVIDEND
POLICY
We have
never declared or paid dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to
retain any future earnings to finance our research and development efforts, the
development of our proprietary technologies and the expansion of our business.
We do not intend to declare or pay cash dividends on our capital stock in the
foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the
discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon a number of factors,
including our results of operations, financial condition, future prospects,
contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other
factors our board of directors deems relevant.
CAPITALIZATION
The
following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as
of March 31, 2009 on an actual basis. You should read this table
together with our financial statements and the related notes appearing at the
end of this prospectus and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of this prospectus.
|
|
Actual
|
|
|
|
March
31,
2009
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
502,562
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
long-term debt, including current portion
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders'
equity
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
10,553,374
|
|
Stock
subscription receivable
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
Deferred
compensation
|
|
|
(4,597
|
)
|
Deficit
accumulated during development stage
|
|
|
(9,274,842
|
)
|
Total
stockholders' equity
|
|
|
1,274,130
|
|
Total
capitalization
|
|
$
|
1,274,130
|
|
The table
above does not include:
|
·
|
6,208,356 shares of common stock
issuable upon exercise of stock options and warrants outstanding as
of March 31, 2009 at a weighted average exercise price of $.97 per
share; and
|
|
·
|
an additional 3,400,000
shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity
compensation plans as of March 31, 2009.
|
We have
15,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, none of which have been issued.
DILUTION
Since the
resale of shares by the selling shareholders will not result in proceeds being
paid to Vystar, our net tangible book value per share will not be affected by
the offering.
SELLING
SHAREHOLDERS
This
prospectus covers shares that were acquired from Vystar in private transactions
exempt from registration under the Securities Act from 2003 to 2008 by the
selling shareholders. Included in such selling shareholders are Travis
Honeycutt, the founder of the Company and his wife, Margaret Honeycutt. Mr.
Honeycutt has retired from active involvement in the management of Vystar as a
result of personal health issues. At his request, the Company has agreed to
register a portion of the shares of common stock that he has owned since
Vystar’s inception for resale. In connection with estate and gift planning, Mr.
Honeycutt transferred approximately fifty (50%) percent of his shares of Vystar
common stock to his wife, Margaret Honeycutt, in October 2008. Also included in
such selling shareholders are Glen Smotherman, a founder, and Universal Capital
Management, Inc., which provided services to the Company. Other
selling shareholders acquired their shares in three private placements. In a
private placement that began in November 2004 and ended January 2005, the
Company issued 770,000 shares of common stock at $1.00 per share for gross
proceeds of $770,000 (the "first private placement"). In a private placement
that began in January 2005 and ended in January 2008, the Company issued
2,221,306 shares of common stock at $1.50 per share for gross proceeds of
$3,331,959. Additionally, in connection with such private placement, the Company
issued 1,308,965 warrants to purchase our common stock at $.50 per share,
1,198,066 of which were subsequently exercised for gross proceeds of $599,033
(collectively, the "second private placement"). In a private placement that
began in May 2008 and ended in May 2009, the Company issued 1,477,000 shares of
common stock at $2.00 per share for gross proceeds of $2,954,000. Additionally,
in connection with such private placement, the Company issued 738,500 warrants
to purchase our common stock at $1.00 per share, 17,500 of which have been
exercised for gross proceeds of $17,500. With respect to this last private
placement, only shares acquired on or before October 31, 2008, are registered
for resale in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part of
(the "third private placement").
The
following table presents information regarding the selling shareholders. The
table includes:
|
·
|
The nature of any material
relationship within the last three years between each of the selling
shareholders, and Vystar.
|
|
·
|
The number of shares of our
common stock beneficially owned by each of the selling
shareholders prior to this offering.
|
|
·
|
The number of shares of our
common stock offered hereunder by each of the selling shareholders, as
well as a description of the method of purchase of such shares by the
selling shareholders.
|
|
·
|
The number and percent of shares
of our common stock beneficially owned by each of the selling
shareholders after the offering is complete. This calculation assumes
that all shares are sold pursuant to this offering and that no other
shares of common stock are acquired or disposed of by the selling
shareholders prior to the termination of this offering.
|
Each
of the selling shareholders is offering for sale with this prospectus up to the
number of shares listed below subject to the limitations described in the
section of this prospectus entitled "Plan of Distribution." Except as noted
below, n
one of
the selling shareholders are parties to any agreements with respect to the
issuance, resale, registration or similar rights of their shares. All
of such selling shareholders, other than Mr. and Mrs. Honeycutt, Mr. Smotherman
and Universal Capital Management, Inc. acquired their shares in one or more of
the previous private placements by the Company pursuant to subscription
agreements which are exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part. The issuance of such shares to the selling
shareholders resulted in aggregate proceeds to the Company of $3,565,202.
Name
|
|
Shares of
common stock
Beneficially
Owned Before
the Offering
|
|
|
Shares of
common stock
Registered in
this Offering
|
|
|
Footnote
|
|
|
Shares of
common stock
Owned After
Offering
|
|
|
Percentage of
Outstanding
common stock
Beneficially
Owned After
the Offering (1)
|
|
Ansari,
Irfan
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Arlene
Florence James Trust
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Atkinson,
John M.
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Bowery
Partners LLC
|
|
|
106,000
|
|
|
|
106,000
|
|
|
|
(5)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Braun
and Gray Holdings LLC
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
(6)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Canyon
Group, LLC
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
(7)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Carrus,
Janet
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
(8)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Chambers,
Jennifer
|
|
|
6,670
|
|
|
|
6,670
|
|
|
|
(9)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Cloud,
Ann Marie
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
(10)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Davidson,
Eugene D.
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(11)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Davis,
Timothy E.
|
|
|
65,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
(12)
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
0.20
|
%
|
DeKeyser,
Kelly J.
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
(13)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Dodd,
Mark Alan
|
|
|
14,000
|
|
|
|
14,000
|
|
|
|
(14)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Donoho,
Lanny Alan
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(15)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Duffin,
Richard W. and Emily R.
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
(16)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Edwards,
John A.
|
|
|
31,668
|
|
|
|
31,668
|
|
|
|
(17)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Edwards,
John H. and Francyann
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(18)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Fiman,
Byron G.
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
(19)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Flickinger,
Eric
|
|
|
16,668
|
|
|
|
16,668
|
|
|
|
(20)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Flickinger,
Marc W.
|
|
|
10,666
|
|
|
|
10,666
|
|
|
|
(21)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Franks,
Mitchell D.
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
(22)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Gagliano,
Arlene
|
|
|
3,333
|
|
|
|
3,333
|
|
|
|
(23)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Gebhart,
Brenda S. and Carl
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
(24)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Gebhart,
Lauri
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
(25)
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
0.20
|
%
|
Graivier,
Miles
|
|
|
6,700
|
|
|
|
6,700
|
|
|
|
(26)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Gray,
Danielle M.
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
(27)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Griffin,
William A.
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
|
(28)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Hall,
Elizabeth M.
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
(29)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Harari,
Guy
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
(30)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Harrison,
H. Robert
|
|
|
16,000
|
|
|
|
16,000
|
|
|
|
(31)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Hartman,
Robert E.
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
(32)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Hibey,
Mary-Ellen
|
|
|
37,500
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
(33)
|
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
Hobbs,
Philip Gary and Patricia Karen
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
(34)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Holey,
Scott and Dawn
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
(35)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Honeycutt,
Margaret S.
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
|
700,000
|
|
|
|
(36)
|
|
|
|
1,797,000
|
|
|
|
14.20
|
%
|
Honeycutt,
Travis W.
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
|
700,000
|
|
|
|
(37)
|
|
|
|
1,797,000
|
|
|
|
14.20
|
%
|
James,
Stephen B.
|
|
|
38,334
|
|
|
|
38,334
|
|
|
|
(38)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
James,
Stephen B. and Janice M.
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(39)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Kevin
F. & Anne F. Spalding Family Trust Dated 7/3/93
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
(40)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Knapp,
William S.
|
|
|
110,000
|
|
|
|
110,000
|
|
|
|
(41)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Massey,
Joe B.
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(42)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Masters,
William L.
|
|
|
67,500
|
|
|
|
67,500
|
|
|
|
(43)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
McCoy,
Kiara S.
|
|
|
22,000
|
|
|
|
22,000
|
|
|
|
(44)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
McEntire,
Jan B.
|
|
|
14,000
|
|
|
|
14,000
|
|
|
|
(45)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Meyer,
Raymond F.
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
(46)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Osborn,
Keith D.
|
|
|
331,500
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
(47)
|
|
|
|
31,500
|
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
Patel,
Dinesh
|
|
|
6,666
|
|
|
|
6,666
|
|
|
|
(48)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Patel,
Dinesh & Sima
|
|
|
6,666
|
|
|
|
6,634
|
|
|
|
(49)
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
Patton,
Timothy Ray and Maureen T.
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
(50)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Patton,
Timothy Ryan
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
(51)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Phineas
Enterprises, LP
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(52)
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
0.12
|
%
|
Raymond,
Joseph R.
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
(53)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Rieke,
Alexander B.
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
(54)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Risner,
F. Reed
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
(55)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Risner,
F. Reed and Mildred E.
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
(56)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Root,
Barry C.
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
(57)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Saunders,
Jonathan N.
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
(58)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Schwartz,
Fred J.
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
(59)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Scott,
Mitchell S.
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
(60)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Shadetree
Investment Group, LLC
|
|
|
86,667
|
|
|
|
86,667
|
|
|
|
(61)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Shapiro,
Philip J. and Janet R.
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
(62)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Sisung,
Brian
|
|
|
34,330
|
|
|
|
34,330
|
|
|
|
(63)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Smotherman,
Glen W.
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
(64)
|
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
|
|
5.93
|
%
|
Somerville,
Robert D.
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
(65)
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
0.20
|
|
Spalding,
Arthur F.
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(66)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Steinberg,
David Lewis
|
|
|
32,500
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
(67)
|
|
|
|
22,500
|
|
|
|
0.18
|
%
|
Steven
and Kaye Yost Family Trust
Dated
2/7/92
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(68)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Stowe,
J. Ronald
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
(69)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Tomaras,
Christopher R.
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(70)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Troutman,
Bruce J.
|
|
|
6,670
|
|
|
|
6,670
|
|
|
|
(71)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
400,000
|
|
|
|
400,000
|
|
|
|
(72)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Varel,
Ed
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
(73)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Verska,
Thomas E. and Agnes E.
|
|
|
90,000
|
|
|
|
85,000
|
|
|
|
(74)
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
|
Walker,
Daniel E.
|
|
|
12,000
|
|
|
|
12,000
|
|
|
|
(75)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Walker,
Denise Z.
|
|
|
22,000
|
|
|
|
22,000
|
|
|
|
(76)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Weil,
Richard
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
(77)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
White,
Benjamin
|
|
|
80,000
|
|
|
|
80,000
|
|
|
|
(78)
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Wolfe,
Derek
|
|
|
58,166
|
|
|
|
20,166
|
|
|
|
(79)
|
|
|
|
38,000
|
|
|
|
0.30
|
%
|
Yeoham,
Paul
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
(80)
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
0.20
|
%
|
Yost
Financial Consultants, Inc. Profit Sharing Plan
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
(81)
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
0.12
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL:
|
|
|
9,386,870
|
|
|
|
4,803,338
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,583,532
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Based on 12,655,274 shares
outstanding on June 30, 2009.
|
|
|
(2)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement and second private
placement.
|
|
|
(3)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement. Arlene F. James is the beneficial owner of the Arlene
Florence James Trust and is deemed to have voting and dispositive power of
the shares held by this selling shareholder.
|
|
|
(4)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(5)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement. Robert Delman is the Partner of Bowery Partners, LLC
and is deemed to have voting and dispositive power of the shares held by
this selling shareholder.
|
|
|
(6)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement. Danielle Marie Gray is the Managing Member of Braun and
Gray Holdings, LLC and is deemed to have voting and dispositive power of
the shares held by this selling shareholder.
|
|
|
(7)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement. James Cooke is the manager of Canyon Group, LLC and is
deemed to have voting and dispositive power of the shares held by this
selling shareholder.
|
|
|
(8)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(9)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(10)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(11)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(12)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(13)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(14)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(15)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(16)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(17)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(18)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(19)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(20)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(21)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(22)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(23)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(24)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(25)
|
200,000 shares acquired in
second private placement and 50,000 shares acquired in third private
placement.
|
|
|
(26)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(27)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(28)
|
Shares transferred from Travis
Honeycutt.
|
|
|
(29)
|
25,000 shares acquired in first
private placement and 5,000 shares acquired in third private
placement.
|
|
|
(30)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(31)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(32)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(33)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(34)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(35)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(36)
|
Margaret Honeycutt is the wife
of Mr. Honeycutt. She has never had any relationship with the
Company.
|
|
|
(37)
|
Travis Honeycutt is the founder
of the Company. He was a director, Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer of the company from organization to March
2008.
|
|
|
(38)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(39)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(40)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement. Kevin F. Spalding and Anne F. Spalding are the
beneficiaries of the Kevin F. & Anne F. Spalding Family Trust Dated
7/3/93 and are deemed to have voting and dispositive power of the shares
held by this selling shareholder.
|
|
|
(41)
|
100,000 shares acquired in
second private placement and 10,000 shares acquired in third private
placement.
|
|
|
(42)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(43)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(44)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(45)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(46)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(47)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(48)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(49)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(50)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(51)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(52)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement. Joel E. Berenson is the President of Phineas, Inc.,
which is the General Partner of Phineas Enterprises, LP and is deemed to
have voting and dispositive power of the shares held by this selling
shareholder.
|
|
|
(53)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(54)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(55)
|
25,000 shares acquired in first
private placement and 10,000 shares acquired in second private
placement.
|
|
|
(56)
|
15,000 shares acquired in first
private placement and 35,000 shares acquired in second private
placement.
|
|
|
(57)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(58)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(59)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(60)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(61)
|
80,000 shares acquired in first
private placement and 6,667 shares acquired in second private placement.
Miles H. Marks is the Managing Member of Shadetree Investment Group, LLC
and is deemed to have voting and dispositive power of the shares held by
this selling shareholder.
|
|
|
(62)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(63)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(64)
|
Mr.
Smotherman is a co-founder and former Chief Financial Officer of the
Company, and received his shares of common stock upon the founding of the
Company. Mr. Smotherman and the Company have entered into a Lockup
Agreement with respect to the resale by Mr. Smotherman of the 750,000
shares of common stock owned by him other than the 250,000 shares
registered for resale in the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part. Pursuant to such agreement, Mr. Smotherman will
be restricted from selling shares of his common stock except as
follows: Any sales of Company common stock in one (1) business day
that do not exceed 10,000 shares in the aggregate; provided, however, that
in no event shall aggregate sales in any ninety (90) day period beginning
on the effective date of the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part, and ending 270 calendar days from such
date exceed 126,500 shares of Company common stock. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the parties agreed that there will be no such quantity
restrictions on the resale by Mr. Smotherman of up to 250,000 shares
of Company common stock pursuant to such registration
statement.
|
|
|
(65)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(66)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(67)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(68)
|
10,000 shares acquired in
second private placement and 10,000 shares acquired in third private
placement. Steven A. Yost is the Trustee of Steven and Kaye Yost Family
Trust Dated 2/7/92 and is deemed to have voting and dispositive power of
the shares held by this selling shareholder.
|
|
|
(69)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(70)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(71)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(72)
|
Universal Capital Management,
Inc. received its shares upon exercise of warrants to purchase common
stock received for services provided to the Company. Michael Queen is the
CEO of Universal Capital Management, Inc., a public company, and is deemed
to have voting and dispositive power of the shares held by this selling
shareholder.
|
|
|
(73)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(74)
|
70,000 shares acquired in
second private placement and 15,000 shares acquired in third private
placement.
|
|
|
(75)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(76)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement.
|
|
|
(77)
|
Shares acquired in first
private placement.
|
|
|
(78)
|
60,000 shares acquired in
second private placement and 20,000 shares acquired in third private
placement.
|
|
|
(79)
|
17,666 shares acquired in
second private placement and 2,500 shares acquired in third private
placement.
|
|
|
(80)
|
Shares acquired in third
private placement.
|
|
|
(81)
|
Shares acquired in second
private placement. Steven A. Yost is the Trustee of Yost Financial
Consultants, Inc. Profit Sharing Plan and is deemed to have voting and
dispositive power of the shares held by this selling
shareholder.
|
|
|
We are
registering the resale of the shares on behalf of the selling shareholders
described above.
All of
such shares will be offered at an initial offering price of $2.00 per share
until a market for our shares develops or such shares of common stock are quoted
on the OTC Bulletin Board, with sales thereafter occurring at market
prices. Such price was determined solely on the basis of the last
price at which the Company’s common stock was sold privately.
With respect
to those shareholders, we will keep this prospectus effective until the earlier
of (i) one year from the effective date of the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part, or (ii) such time that all of the shares
have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities
Act or any other rule of similar effect. As used in this prospectus, the term
"selling shareholders" includes the pledgees, donees, transferees or other
successors-in-interest selling shares received after the date of this prospectus
from the selling shareholders as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or
other non-sale related transfer. The selling shareholders may, from time to
time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock on any stock exchange,
market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private
transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. The selling
shareholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling
shares:
|
·
|
ordinary
brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer
solicits purchasers;
|
|
·
|
block
trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent
but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to
facilitate the transaction;
|
|
·
|
purchases
by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its
account;
|
|
·
|
an
exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable
exchange;
|
|
·
|
privately
negotiated transactions;
|
|
·
|
broker-dealers
may agree with the selling shareholder to sell a specified number of such
shares at a stipulated price per
share;
|
|
·
|
a
combination of any such methods of sale;
and
|
|
·
|
any
other method permitted pursuant to applicable
law.
|
The
selling shareholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the
Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus. Broker-dealers
engaged by the selling shareholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to
participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from
the selling shareholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the
purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The
selling shareholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed
what is customary in the types of transactions involved. Any profits on the
resale of shares of common stock by a broker-dealer acting as principal might be
deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act.
Discounts, concessions, commissions and similar selling expenses, if any,
attributable to the sale of shares will be borne by the selling shareholders.
The selling shareholders may agree to indemnify any agent, dealer or
broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving sales of the shares if
liabilities are imposed on that person under the Securities Act.
The
selling shareholders may from time to time pledge or grant a security interest
in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default
in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties
may offer and sell the shares of common stock from time to time under this
prospectus after we have filed a supplement to this prospectus under
Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933
supplementing or amending the list of selling shareholders to include the
pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling shareholders
under this prospectus.
The
selling shareholders also may transfer the shares of common stock in other
circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in
interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus
and may sell the shares of common stock from time to time under this prospectus
after we have filed a supplement to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or
other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933 supplementing or
amending the list of selling shareholders to include the pledgee, transferee or
other successors in interest as selling shareholders under this prospectus. The
selling shareholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in
selling the shares of common stock may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the
meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any
commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the
resale of the shares of common stock purchased by them may be deemed to be
underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act.
The
selling shareholders have advised us that they have not entered into any
agreements, understandings or arrangements with any underwriters or
broker-dealers regarding the sale of their shares of common stock, nor is there
an underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with a proposed sale
of shares of common stock by them. If we are notified by a selling shareholder
that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker-dealer for the
sale of shares of common stock, if required, we will file a supplement to
this prospectus. If the selling shareholders use this prospectus for any sale of
the shares of common stock, they will be subject to the prospectus delivery
requirements of the Securities Act.
The
anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 may apply to sales of our common stock and activities of the selling
shareholders.
UNITED
STATES TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The
following discussion summarizes material U.S. federal income tax consequences to
a United States person who acquires our common stock in the sale by the selling
shareholders. This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code"), the applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated or
proposed thereunder, administrative pronouncements of the Internal Revenue
Service (the "IRS") and judicial decisions as of the date hereof, all of which
are subject to change at any time, possibly retroactively. There can be no
assurance that the IRS will not take a view contrary to that set forth herein
that may be upheld by a court. No ruling from the IRS or opinion of counsel has
been or will be sought as to any of the matters discussed below.
This
summary applies only to an investor who holds our common stock as a capital
asset within the meaning of section 1221 of the Code. It does not purport to
address all tax consequences that may be relevant to any particular investor or
to an investor subject to special tax rules, including certain types of persons
subject to special treatment under the Code, including insurance companies,
tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions, dealers in securities or
foreign currencies, persons holding the Notes as part of a hedging or
constructive sale transaction, straddle, conversion transaction or other
integrated transaction, persons that have a functional currency other than the
U.S. dollar, investors in pass-through entities or arrangements, and persons who
are not citizens or residents of the United States or that are foreign
corporations, foreign partnerships or foreign estates or trusts. In addition,
the discussion does not address any aspect of state, local or foreign taxation
or other federal taxes.
EACH
PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IN OUR COMMON STOCK IS URGED TO CONSULT HIS TAX ADVISER
CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM OF ACQUIRING, OWNING
AND DISPOSING OF A COMMON SHARE, AS WELL AS THE APPLICATION OF STATE, LOCAL AND
FOREIGN INCOME TAX LAWS AND OTHER TAX LAWS.
Purchase
From Selling Shareholders
A
prospective investor who purchases our common stock in the sale by the selling
shareholders will have an initial tax basis in our common stock equal to the
purchase price paid for that stock. The investor’s holding period for that
common stock will begin on the day after the date of purchase.
Distribution
on our Common Stock
If we
were to pay a distribution on our common stock, that distribution would
constitute a dividend, taxable as ordinary income, to the extent the
distribution is treated as paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits (as computed for federal income tax purposes). To the extent the
distribution is not treated as paid out of our current or accumulated earnings
and profits, it will be treated as a non-taxable return (and reduction) of basis
in our common stock, to the extent thereof, and if and to the extent the amount
of the distribution exceeds earnings and profits and basis, it will be treated
as gain from the sale of our common stock. Dividends received by a corporation
are generally eligible for the dividends received deduction, subject to
limitations, including the limitations under section 1059 of the Code relating
to extraordinary dividends.
Subsequent
Disposition of our Common Stock
Upon a
subsequent sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock, you generally
will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount
realized and your tax basis in the common stock. That gain or loss generally
will be long-term capital gain or loss if the common stock was held for more
than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to
limitations.
Backup
Withholding
You may
be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 28% of the dividends you receive
on our common stock or on the proceeds from a sale or other taxable disposition
of our common stock unless (a) you are a corporation or other exempt recipient
or (b) you provide, when required, your taxpayer identification number to the
payer, certify that you are not subject to backup withholding and otherwise
comply with the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an
additional tax; any amount so withheld is creditable against your federal income
tax liability or is refundable, provided you furnish the required information to
the IRS.
SELECTED
FINANCIAL DATA
You
should read the following selected financial data together with our financial
statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus and the
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” section of this prospectus. We have derived the statements of
operations data for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 and the
balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 from our audited
financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derived the
statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2004
and 2005 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and
2006 from our unaudited financial statements not included in this
prospectus. We have derived the statements of operation data for the three
months ended March 31, 2009 and the balance sheet data as of March 31, 2009
from our unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our unaudited financial statements for the three months ended March 31,
2009 have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and
include all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments,
necessary for the fair presentation of this data in all material respects. Our
historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of
results to be expected in any future period, and our results for any interim
period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full fiscal year.
|
|
Year Ended December 31
|
|
|
For the
Three
Months
Ended
|
|
($ in thousands)
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
759
|
|
|
|
703
|
|
|
|
2,721
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
|
604
|
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
|
403
|
|
|
|
467
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
1,538
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Total
costs and expenses
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
1,266
|
|
|
|
1,072
|
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
|
4,662
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
loss
|
|
|
(500
|
)
|
|
|
(1,266
|
)
|
|
|
(1,072
|
)
|
|
|
(1,140
|
)
|
|
|
(4,662
|
)
|
|
|
(546
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income (expense), net
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Recovery
(provision) for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(120
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(500
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,266
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,086
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,240
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,640
|
)
|
|
$
|
(508
|
)
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
Balance
Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
353
|
|
|
$
|
30
|
|
|
$
|
420
|
|
|
$
|
573
|
|
|
$
|
957
|
|
|
$
|
503
|
|
|
$
|
506
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
436
|
|
|
|
651
|
|
|
|
1,813
|
|
|
|
1,397
|
|
|
|
593
|
|
Total
liabilities
|
|
|
236
|
|
|
|
232
|
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
220
|
|
|
|
253
|
|
|
|
245
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
Total
shareholders' equity
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
|
457
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
1,683
|
|
|
|
1,274
|
|
|
|
481
|
|
Working
capital (deficiency)
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
|
1,573
|
|
|
|
1,164
|
|
|
|
403
|
|
Condensed
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 2, 2000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(inception)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Ended March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
|
4,662
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
|
9,224
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
|
|
(1,140
|
)
|
|
|
(4,662
|
)
|
|
|
(546
|
)
|
|
|
(9,221
|
)
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
Recovery
(provision) for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
(120
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
(90
|
)
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(1,240
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,640
|
)
|
|
$
|
(508
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,275
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss per share, basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.45
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
March 31
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Condensed
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
$
|
651
|
|
|
$
|
1,813
|
|
|
$
|
1,397
|
|
Total
assets
|
|
$
|
794
|
|
|
$
|
1,935
|
|
|
$
|
1,519
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
$
|
204
|
|
|
$
|
240
|
|
|
$
|
233
|
|
Total
stockholders' equity
|
|
$
|
575
|
|
|
$
|
1,683
|
|
|
$
|
1,274
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements
and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The following
discussion contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results may
differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking
statements. Factors that may cause future results to differ materially
from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not
limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
Vystar
LLC, the predecessor to the Company, was formed February 2, 2000, as a Georgia
limited liability company by Travis W. Honeycutt. The Company’s operations under
the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research, development and
testing of the Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL") process, as well as attaining
intellectual property rights. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar
Corporation, a Georgia Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities of
the limited liability company became assets and liabilities of Vystar
Corporation, including all intellectual property rights, patents and trademarks.
We are a
developmental stage company whose primary activities since inception have been
devoted to the development of NRL and raising capital, but our focus is changing
to developing the market for NRL and beginning operations. As we move
from a development stage company to a product vendor, we expect that our
financial condition and results of operations will undergo substantial change.
In particular, we expect to record both revenue and expense from product sales
and to incur increased costs for sales and marketing expenses. Accordingly, the
financial condition and results of operations reflected in our historical
financial statements are not expected to be indicative of our future financial
condition and results of operations.
Significant
Accounting Policies
Our
discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is
based on the accompanying financial statements, which have been prepared in
accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. As such, we are
required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. By their nature, these estimates and
judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Our management
reviews its estimates on an on-going basis. We base our estimates and
assumptions on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and our
understanding of what we believe to be reasonable that might occur in the future
considering available information. Actual results may differ from these
estimates, and material effects on our operating results and financial position
may result.
Non Cash Compensation Expense
- On January 1, 2006, Vystar adopted SFAS No. 123(R),
Share Based Payment.
SFAS
No. 123(R) requires all share-based payments, including grants of
employee stock options and warrants to third parties, to be recognized in the
financial statements based on their fair values.
On a
quarterly basis, Vystar computes the value of newly granted awards by utilizing
the Black-Scholes valuation model based upon their expected lives, volatility
for publicly held companies that are similar to us since we are not yet publicly
held with an active market for our stock, and the risk-free rate on US
Government securities with matching maturities. The value of the awards are then
straight-line expensed over the lives of the purchase options and expensed when
vested (or over the service life, if applicable) for the warrants.
Discussion
of Fina
nci
al Results
Comparison
of Year Ended December 31, 2008 to Year Ended December 31, 2007
Rev
enues
We had
our first sale during the final quarter of 2008 and recognized $227 in net sales
but we are still a development stage company that has yet to commence
significant revenue generating operations.
O
perating
Expenses
Our
operating expenses were $4,662,145 and $1,139,845 for the years ended December
31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, for an increase of $3,522,300. In 2008,
$1,572,277 was recorded for stock-based compensation as well as an additional
$1,527,312 for amortization of deferred compensation. The deferred
compensation expense represents the amortized fair value of warrants issued for
future services to non-employees. This compares with $111,370 for
stock-based compensation in 2007 for the same period and no amortization of
deferred compensation. The stock-based compensation charges to
operations in 2008 were primarily for incentive stock options granted under our
Incentive Stock Option Plan to executive officers and were made so that their
interests would be aligned with those of shareholders, providing incentive to
improve Company performance on a long-term basis. Grants of warrants
were also made to third parties for various services rendered to preserve
operating capital.
Included
in our operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $403,196 for
research and development expenses compared to $427,530 for the year ended
December 31, 2007 and $4,258,949 for general and administrative expenses
compared to $712,315 for the same period in 2007. Besides the
stock-based compensation and amortization of deferred charges discussed above,
general and administrative expenses increased $561,585 or 72% during 2008
compared with 2007 due to legal and accounting fees related to the filing of
this registration statement and our first audit as well as increased staffing,
professional fees, and marketing efforts as we move toward becoming a product
vendor.
Research
and development expenses currently consist primarily of compensation for
employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development
activities; laboratory operations, and related operating expenses.
General
and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and support costs
for management and administrative staff, and for other general and
administrative costs, including executive, accounting and finance, legal,
consulting and other operating expenses.
Other
Income (Expense
)
Other
income was $21,845 for the year ended December 31, 2008, consisting of $22,930
of interest income on cash deposits and other expense of $1,085. This
compares to $20,416 of interest income for the year ended December 31, 2007
reduced by $120,205, a charge against operations as a provision for a note
receivable from a related party.
Net Loss
Net loss
was $4,640,073 and $1,239,634 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, for an increase of $3,400,439, primarily resulting from general
and administrative expenses incurred as described above.
Comparison
of Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 to Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
R
evenues
We
recognized $3,083 in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2009; there
were no sales during the same period of 2008. Our operations are
continuing to develop and expand in anticipation of commencing significant
revenue generation later this year but we are still a development stage company
as of March 31, 2009.
O
perating
Expenses
Our
operating expenses were $549,054 and $2,585,478 for the three months ended March
31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, for a decrease of $2,036,424. In 2009, $86,072
was recorded for stock-based compensation as well as an additional $13,787 for
amortization of deferred compensation. The deferred compensation
expense represents the amortized fair value of warrants issued for future
services to non-employees. This compares with $1,386,933 for
stock-based compensation in 2008 for the same period and amortization of
deferred compensation of $993,697. The stock-based compensation
charges to operations in 2008 were primarily for incentive stock options granted
under our Incentive Stock Option Plan to executive officers and were made so
that their interests would be aligned with those of shareholders, providing
incentive to improve Company performance on a long-term basis. Grants
of warrants were also made to third parties for various services rendered to
preserve operating capital.
Included
in our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2009 was $82,137
for research and development expenses compared to $227,054 for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and $466,917 for general and administrative expenses
compared to $2,358,424 for the same period in 2008. Besides the
stock-based compensation and amortization of deferred charges discussed above,
general and administrative expenses increased $202,042 or 137% during 2009
compared with 2008 due to legal and accounting fees related to the filing of
this registration statement and our year-end audit as well as increased staffing
and marketing expenses as we continue developing our operations.
Research
and development expenses currently consist primarily of compensation for
employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development
activities; laboratory operations, and related operating
expenses. The reduction in research and development expenses for the
three months ended March 31, 2009 from the same period in 2008 resulted
primarily from a reduction of $157,220 in stock-based compensation expense for
awards to employees and contractors engaged in these activities.
We expect
to continue to incur substantial research and development expenses for clinical
trials, regulatory submissions, assistance with manufacturing trials, and
product enhancements.
General
and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and support costs
for management and administrative staff, and for other general and
administrative costs, including executive, accounting and finance, legal,
consulting and other operating expenses.
We expect
general and administrative expense to remain relatively stable in future periods
as we increase the level of corporate and administrative activity, including
increases associated with our operation as a public company, and significantly
increase expenditures related to the future production and sales of our
products. Offsetting these increases will be a reduced level of
stock-based compensation from what we experienced during 2008.
O
ther Income
(Expense)
Other
income was $37,604 for the three months ended March 31, 2009, consisting of
$7,623 of interest income on cash deposits, the $30,000 release of a provision
for a related party note receivable and interest expense of $19. This
compares to $3,458 of interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2008.
N
et Loss
Net loss
was $508,367 and $2,582,020 for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively, for a decrease of $2,073,653, primarily resulting from the
reduction of stock-based compensation and deferred compensation amortization
expenses incurred as described above.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
As of
March 31, 2009, we had $502,562 in cash and $750,000 in investments consisting
of a certificate of deposit that matured on April 11, 2009.
Sources
and Uses of Cas
h
For the
three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, net cash used by operations was
$462,416 and $157,970, respectively. The negative cash flow for the
March 31, 2009 period was primarily the result of the $508,367 net
loss. This was reduced by several non-cash charges, primarily the
stock-based compensation charges of $86,072 and $13,787 for amortization of
deferred compensation. Releasing $30,000 of the provision on a
related note receivable offset the above charges. As part of the
Company’s movement to being a product vendor, inventory, in the amount of
$26,561 was purchased. This was offset by the decrease in prepaid
expenses of $20,258, primarily from expensing prepaid insurance
policies. Other assets, primarily accounts receivable trade,
increased $11,928 and accounted for the majority of the remaining negative cash
flow from operations. The negative cash flow for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 resulted from the net loss of $2,582,020 reduced by
non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation expense of $1,391,934 and
amortization of deferred compensation of $993,697. Prepaid
expenses decreased $14,531, primarily from the timing of the insurance policy
renewals and accounts payable increased $23,036 due to increased marketing and
legal costs.
For the
years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, net cash used by operations was
$1,389,781 and $1,042,904, respectively. The negative cash flow at
December 31, 2008 resulted from the net loss of $4,640,073 reduced by a number
of non-cash charges, specifically stock-based compensation charges of
$1,660,776, amortization of deferred compensation of $1,527,312, forgiveness of
debt by the company’s founder of $54,496, depreciation of $7,928, and
amortization of $2,991. The increase in accounts payable
of $57,585 was primarily due to increased legal and accounting costs incurred to
date from the timing of work performed in preparation of the company’s
registration statement as well as increased marketing
expenses. Accrued expenses decreased $21,499 primarily from the debt
forgiveness discussed above. Prepaid expenses increased $50,374 due
to prepaid legal fees and timing of insurance policy renewals. The
negative cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2007 resulted from a net loss
of $1,239,634 for the period reduced by non-cash charges related to stock-based
compensation expense of $152,936, a provision on a related party note receivable
of $120,205, depreciation of $6,603 and amortization of $2,384. In
addition to these adjustments, the company’s satisfaction of accrued back pay to
employees was the primary factor in a reduction of accrued expenses of $71,851
as well as accounting for most of the remaining difference between the net loss
and cash used by operations for 2007.
Net cash provided by investing
activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 was $8,323. This
resulted from our receipt of $15,000 in proceeds from a related party note
receivable during the period and the $6,677 incurred in legal expenses related
to our patents and trademarks. During the three months ended March
31, 2008, net cash of $11,796 was used by investing activities. This
consisted of $7,346 in legal expenses related to our patents and purchasing
equipment of $4,450.
Net cash
used in investing activities was $731,761 and $7,802 for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The investing activities
during the year ended December 31, 2008 were due to the purchase of a short-term
investment (the certificate of deposit discussed above) of $750,000;
expenditures of $15,901 for legal expenses related to our patents and $8,320 for
purchases of new equipment. These uses were reduced by $42,460
received from a related party under a note receivable. The $7,802
used by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 were for
$12,802 in legal expenses related to our patents reduced by $5,000 received from
a related party under a note receivable.
No cash
was provided or used by financing activities for the three months ended March
31, 2009. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 was $102,933. We received proceeds from
the sale of common stock and warrants of $102,933, net of issuance costs of
$4,594.
Net cash
provided by financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, was $2,505,020 and $1,204,145. During the year ended
December 31, 2008, we received proceeds from the sale of common stock and
warrants of $2,505,020. This is net of issuance costs of $142,221 for
the period. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we received
proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants of $1,204,145, net of
issuance costs of $71,559.
Our future expenditures and
capital requirements will depend on numerous factors, including: the rate at
which we can introduce and sell NRL to manufacturers; the costs of filing,
prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual
property rights; and market acceptance of our products and competing
technological developments. We expect that we will incur in excess of $2 million
of expenditures over the next 12 months. As we expand our activities and
operations, our cash requirements are expected to increase at a rate consistent
with revenue growth after we have achieved sustained revenue generation.
Our
business does not presently generate the cash needed to finance our current and
anticipated operations. We believe we have raised sufficient capital to finance
our operations for the next twelve (12) months.
We expect
that our cash used in operations will increase in 2009 and beyond as a result of
the following planned activities:
|
·
|
The
addition of staff to our workforce as needs arise;
|
|
·
|
Increased
spending for the expansion of our research and development efforts,
including clinical trials, regulatory submissions, assistance with
manufacturing trials and product enhancements;
|
|
·
|
Increased
spending in marketing as our products are introduced into the marketplace;
|
|
·
|
Increases
in our general and administrative activities related to our operations as
a reporting public company and related corporate compliance requirements.
|
Inflation
and Seasonality
We do not
believe that our operations are significantly impacted by inflation. Our
business is not seasonal in nature, but is subject to commodity
pricing. Our product is a commodity-based raw material .
BUSINESS
History
of NRL and its Allergenicity Problems
Natural
rubber latex is an agricultural product produced from the sap of the rubber
tree,
Hevea
brasiliensis
.
Natural rubber latex is
composed of cis-isoprene molecules that are formed from naturally produced
proteins found in the rubber plant’s sap. These molecules in their mature state
provide both the elasticity and the liquid barrier properties of latex
that make NRL such a
highly desired material. Once believed to be an inert substance, NRL has become
recognized as a major cause of allergic and sensitization reactions, especially
among healthcare workers and their patients. One of the naturally occurring
proteins, the Rubber Elongation Factor (REF), has been identified as the primary
cause of the allergenic reactions to NRL in its unattached or immature state.
Contact with the REF, whether by direct skin, aerosol protein forming on powders
used in manufacturing, the decomposition of latex or even invasive surgery or
inadvertent consumption causes the body to react, often detrimentally, to the
REF (an “allergic” reaction).
Many
physicians and researchers have become concerned that even minimal exposure to
NRL may trigger reactions in certain patients who are particularly sensitive to
the antigenic proteins. A variety of reactions may occur in persons allergic to
NRL, ranging from dry, itchy, irritated skin and more severe skin reactions
similar to those associated with poison ivy, to severe asthma and other
respiratory problems and, more rarely, to anaphylactic shock, which may be
life-threatening. Reports as to the prevalence of NRL allergy vary greatly.
Published data indicate that 1% to 6% of the general population suffers from NRL
sensitivity, yet approximately 8% to 18% of regularly exposed individuals have
some level of NRL allergy. Other studies have shown that 54% of sensitized
hospital workers had severe reactions to latex exposure.
Beginning
in 1997, a number of product liability lawsuits claimed that manufacturers
negligently made NRL products that contained allergy-triggering proteins. In
September 1997, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a
medical glove powder report, which outlined the hazards of NRL use, as well as
many negative aspects of glove powder. The FDA issued recommendations to control
the use of glove powder and reduce the level of protein in gloves, based on the
findings of their report. A significant regulatory development came from the
FDA, which issued a labeling rule, effective September 30, 1998, requiring
manufacturers of NRL medical products to label their goods with a warning that
NRL may cause an allergic reaction. In January 2008, the FDA issued an updated
Medical Glove Guidance which remained substantially the same as the 1998 report,
although the agency indicated that work was being done to investigate more
sensitive testing methodologies, potentially opening the door for different
label claims in the future.
Current
Production of NRL*
* The
statistical data referenced in this section was excerpted from “Natural Rubber
Latex: A Global Perspective and Outlook for the Future”, prepared by the
Secretariat of the International Rubber Study Group, Singapore and presented at
the International Latex Conference, July 2008, Cleveland, Ohio and is available
by subscription.
In 2007,
over 9.7 million tonnes of NRL were produced globally, of which just over 1.0
million tonnes are liquid latex according to the International Rubber Study
Group, Singapore for (e.g., gloves, condoms, catheters and other products that
require multiple layers of the NRL) and other latex end products such as foams,
adhesives, etc. Since NRL is used in over 40,000 products worldwide, to include
textiles, footwear and clothing, toys, automotive parts, housing, furniture,
carpet, coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment and especially health
care products, there are few industries untouched by NRL and its allergy
concerns.
Substantially
all of the latex processors are located in South East Asia, India, Africa and
Central America and are owned by local groups or large multinational
corporations. Thailand leads the world in NRL production with over 620,000
tonnes produced in 2007, a third of all global production. Malaysia is second
with 170,000 tonnes and followed by India with 75,000 tonnes.
The
typical processor acquires raw NRL (or “field latex”) aggregated from latex
plantations. The processors in South East Asia have a worldwide advantage, since
latex is predominately a product of that area and labor and water are abundant
and inexpensive. However, because of the intrinsic allergenic problems of NRL,
the processors’ market volume had been level, if not slightly decreasing, for
many years. Significant price and demand increases in NRL have turned the
industry into a “sunrise” industry. A sunrise industry indicates a replanting of
the natural rubber plantations to keep up with growing worldwide demand. Some
reports show a shortage of NRL in the coming decade as a demand in developing
countries such as China and India continues to grow. This future demand is
awakening interest in other areas of the world where the climate is suitable,
particularly in Guatemala, where it is expected the latex industry to grow from
57,000 tonnes produced in 2006 to over 95,000 tonnes by 2016, a 40% increase, in
a report issued by the office of Consulate General of Guatemala, Atlanta,
Georgia. This is particularly attractive to U.S. manufacturers of latex products
who could potentially see reduced transportation costs and lead times over the
usual Asian sources.
Vytex
natural rubber latex is sold only in liquid form to manufacturers using natural
rubber latex as a raw material component. These manufacturers will
incorporate Vytex into their current manufacturing process without compromising
the production of their final end product. Vytex NRL has been
designed as a “drop-in” raw material meaning that a manufacturer currently using
natural rubber latex can switch to Vytex without disrupting their entire
manufacturing process. Natural rubber latex as a raw material
component is currently sold in liquid form (versus dry rubber form), and for the
foreseeable future, Vytex NRL will serve the NRL market only in the liquid form
as a high value raw material component to the liquid latex.
Traditional
users of NRL as a product component have been seeking and developing alternative
synthetic raw materials. An example of the desire for NRL occurred during Vystar
focus groups when surgeons and nurses, asked to design the perfect glove,
invariably come up with a non-allergenic NRL glove.
Currently,
it is estimated that NRL processors have lost one-half the overall latex market
to synthetic latex, despite the higher costs and recent capacity issues of these
synthetic materials. Base synthetic feedstocks such as ethylene,
propylene and styrene are expected to stabilize in both pricing and supply over
the next 12-18 months, however, pricing will remain approximately 60% higher
than 2003 prices. Butadiene users will continue to see short supply
and pricing volatility through 2010, according to Chemical Market Associates,
Inc., a national petrochemical consulting group in their report
“Synthetic Latex Feedstocks: Can It Get Any Worse?, presented at the
International Latex Conference, July 2008, Cleveland,
Ohio. Butadiene is the feedstock most commonly found in
synthetic exam gloves and a component of synthetic latex
foams. These facts, coupled with the easy transition to the
process to manufacture Vytex NRL, makes it very attractive for the processors to
regain lost business.
Products
and Services (Vytex NRL)
The
process to manufacture Vytex NRL has been developed to reduce the antigenic
properties of the REF protein in NRL, without causing noticeable changes in the
highly desirable physical or chemical properties of the remaining molecules and
without disrupting the traditional methods of production. In elementary terms,
NRL is farmed from rubber tree plantation groves located primarily in South East
Asia. Processors collect the field latex, concentrate the latex, age the
product, and prepare the latex to specifications required by product
manufacturers. Vystar has proved that the best point to produce Vytex NRL is
while NRL is in its raw liquid stage, prior to dipping or manufacturing the
latex into other forms.
The most
strategic point for introduction of the additives used to produce Vytex NRL is
in the field latex sap emulsion. Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)
3
), well
known for its protein binding capabilities and the main additive used to produce
Vytex NRL, is introduced into the field latex prior to
concentration. The additive package to produce Vytex has been
designed to liberate proteins in liquid field latex thus allowing the proteins,
and other impurities in the liquid latex that carry a charge, to attach or bind
to the surface of insoluble Aluminum hydroxide. The aluminum
hydroxide is removed from the liquid latex solution via centrifugation (commonly
used to concentrate field latex) thus creating Vytex NRL.
The production of Vytex
NRL relies on the multi patent protected process involving the effective
exchange/complexing of proteins from the field latex sap emulsion to/with
Al(OH)
3
.
Al(OH)
3
is the
most stable form of aluminum under normal conditions. It is commonly
used as an absorbent, emulsifier, ion exchanger or antacid. Aluminum
hydroxide is also used in the purification of water because it can form a
jelly-like structure suspending any unwanted materials in water including
bacteria.
Literature
in this field clearly describes the natural rubber latex proteins’ affinity for
USP absorbable dusting powder. Several papers have been presented on
this subject confirming this interaction. The United States Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) recognized this association and recommended a limit on
powder and extractable protein per glove. Allergen-laden glove powder
is implicated as a major contributor to the widespread sensitization to NRL and
associated workplace symptoms wherein the powder acts as a vector to spread the
proteins.
It
is this powder and protein relationship that led to trials of the inclusion of
insoluble aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)
3
powder in
the formula for Vytex NRL production. It was hypothesized by the
Vystar technical team and later confirmed that under certain conditions,
Al(OH)
3
produces protein complexes in liquid Vytex NRL solution which can be
removed using existing industry practices- centrifuging. The removal
of protein at this stage is significant as it greatly reduces the proteins
availability to transfer from the oleo phase to the aqueous and back since the
protein is attached to insoluble Al(OH)
.
Vytex NRL
is produced at the latex processor level and can be easily integrated into the
current processing environments without additional capital equipment
investment. The protein removal and modification process that leads
to Vytex NRL allows manufacturers to lower manufacturing costs with the benefit
of reduced protein levels. Reduced leaching times and resulting
reductions in energy, water and material handling consumption can lead to
realized cost savings.
The
manufacturing process may occur entirely within a direct manufacturer that takes
the NRL in its raw, harvested form all the way through to the final product,
such as a large glove manufacturer, but this is rare. Usually, there may be
several sub-manufacturers fabricating components to be used in final products,
such as elastic thread manufacturers selling product to the bedding and clothing
manufacturers. Although not part of the manufacturing process, the links between
the NRL processors and the first manufacturer are distributors specializing in
NRL, similar to those participating in other agricultural commodity
trading. Natural rubber latex as a raw material component is
traditionally sold as a commodity. The ASTM
*
and more
specifically, the ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber, which is the direct
responsibility of Subcommitte D11.22 on Natural Rubber, approves and maintains
standard specifications for centrifuged natural rubber latex. The
chemical and physical performance requirements for natural rubber latex are
identified in ASTM D 1076-06 and natural rubber latex must conform to these
requirements. Every batch of Vytex NRL produced is subjected to these
performance requirements and the test results are displayed on the certificate
of analysis that accompanies shipments of Vytex NRL to
manufacturers. Supplying manufacturers with a raw material component
that meets these performance requirements will help eliminate any concerns such
manufacturers may have about switching to Vytex. More importantly the
manufacturers do not have to compromise their raw material component and
potentially adversely affect their end product production.
Suppliers
and manufacturers of natural rubber latex and its many products have long
acknowledged the need and importance of reducing the antigenic properties of
NRL. Recognizing this need and understanding NRL proteins’ affinity
for powder, Vystar has developed a multi patented process that introduces
insoluble aluminum hydroxide powder into liquid latex that complexes and removes
proteins and unwanted impurities from natural rubber latex, thus creating Vytex
NRL, a low protein NRL source material. Products made with Vytex NRL
have significantly reduced antigenic protein values over non-Vytex
Hevea
NRL. The Vytex NRL
process removes a significant amount of the antigenic protein from the natural
rubber latex. Economically, the process to manufacture Vytex NRL is relatively
inexpensive. The additional chemicals required by Vytex NRL represent a small
fraction of the total cost of processed NRL and can be easily incorporated into
current manufacturing streams, with little or no additional cost. The process to
manufacture Vytex NRL requires the addition of a proprietary blend of chemicals
to the raw liquid NRL. The chemical solution is mixed into the raw liquid NRL
and allowed to stir for a specific period of time in order for the reactions to
occur at room temperature, then centrifuged. From this point, Vytex NRL is aged,
tested, stored, and shipped in a manner similar to NRL. Repeated testing, over
500 tests, has demonstrated stability and parity essential with non- Vytex NRL
in terms of function (chemical and physical properties) and quality of material.
Vystar has developed and has implemented a quality assurance (QA) binder to
ensure consistent, repeatable Vytex NRL production.
Vystar
has begun evaluation trials with manufacturers in the medical device, surgical
glove, condom, foam and other key product categories worldwide. Vystar expects
that Vytex NRL will demand a premium price due to its low antigenic protein
levels, ease of manufacturing integration, and its “green” environmental profile
while maintaining the desired or improved properties of NRL. A key US
manufacturer has received the 510(k) clearance required by the United States
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for using Vytex NRL in condoms and exam
gloves.
Vystar
does not intend to process the NRL or manufacture any finished latex product,
eliminating the need for an infrastructure and other investment and regulatory
compliance costs to develop and operate a processing or manufacturing facility.
All of these costs are or will be borne by its manufacturing and distribution
contractors and/or customers. Therefore, we must show the NRL producers and
product manufacturers the economic value proposition of including Vytex NRL in
their product lines.
* The
ASTM is one of the largest voluntary organizations that develops and prescribes
various testing methodologies for various purposes that become standards adopted
by laboratories and regulatory agencies to ensure consistency and repeatability
in assessing certain characteristics of a substance or product or process. In
the case of ASTM 6499 and ASTM 5712 standards, these standards prescribe the
manner in which natural rubber latex’s antigenic protein and total aqueous
protein, respectively, can be measured consistently.
Vystar
initially plans to market to multiple industries concurrently, targeting
regulated (condoms, surgical and exam gloves) and non-regulated products (foam
and non-medical and non-food packaging adhesive) categories to balance the
lengthier sales cycles inherent in medical devices with the relative ease of
entry in the non-regulated markets. A manufacturer’s conversion from
their standard latex or synthetic raw material to Vytex NRL can be a protracted
process, ranging from three to twelve months to complete the sales cycle due to
the multiple steps required. The sales cycles starts with a
laboratory analysis of Vytex NRL whereby physical properties and protein levels
are tested to ensure it meets the required specifications and then progresses to
a full production run on the manufacturer’s equipment. A
manufacturer’s decision to convert to Vytex NRL is impacted by many functional
areas including research and development, manufacturing, sales, marketing,
purchasing and finance. If the product is regulated and
requires regulatory clearances or approvals prior to commercialization, the
sales cycle could be extended by another three to nine months for testing,
filing and agency review. By diversifying the target product
categories Vystar expects that this balanced approach will reduce our exposure
to market fluctuations.
Vystar
has the flexibility of offering and accepting two different models for revenue.
First, Vystar has contracted with Revertex (Malaysia), Sdn. Bhd., a division of
Yule Catto Group Far East, as a “toll manufacturer” who processes the
concentrated Vytex NRL for a fee, while Vystar is responsible for marketing and
selling. This model is expected to represent the majority of revenues for
Vystar, where Vystar sells the liquid Vytex NRL processed by Revertex Malaysia
to a manufacturer who, in turn, adds its own proprietary blend of compounding
chemicals to create the final latex raw material acceptable for the manufacture
of the product. The initial Vytex NRL product portfolio will consist
of two versions including high ammonia (HA) and low ammonia (LA). This model is
also applicable for a vertically integrated manufacturer whose operations span
the entire manufacturing chain from the latex plantation to finished goods
production. This is commonly found in glove and condom manufacturing,
where today several manufacturers located in Thailand, Malaysia and India
control their processes from the tree to the end-product. The revenue
stream in this scenario would be the same as for PV Vytex NRL, the manufacturer
pays the company a licensing fee for trademark usage based on
volume.
Alternatively,
this processor can contract to market and sell a proprietary version of Vytex
NRL in a prevulcanized form. In this scenario Revertex uses its own
proprietary compound formula to create a new PV Vytex NRL distinctly their own
that becomes part of their portfolio of products. For this, Revertex
will pay Vystar a licensing fee for the use of the Vytex NRL trademark based on
the volume of PV Vytex Vytex NRL (PV Vytex) using the Vytex NRL trademark, and
pay Vystar a licensing fee for the Vytex NRL processed. Initial PV Vytex results
indicate that low protein, high performance products can be made from PV Vytex
NRL and commercial availability is expected in first quarter 2009.
Vystar
has successfully produced laboratory samples of low ammonia Vytex NRL (LA Vytex)
and has shipped LA Vytex to manufacturers for trials and product evaluation. Low
ammonia is preferred by manufacturers in specific product applications including
catheters, breather bags, foam, etc. The company is investigating the use
of Vytex NRL in ammonia free applications. Ammonia free NRL is currently being
used in the U.S. for body painting as it eliminates skin and respiratory
irritation caused by ammonia. Additional processors can be added as
geographic and volume conditions warrant under similar terms as stated above, to
follow the manufacturing trail to India, Turkey and other countries where
manufacturing costs are more competitive.
Each
model will provide Vystar attractive profit margins and net income, since there
will be no costs for direct manufacturing infrastructures. Vystar is
optimistic that revenues from both models can be achieved, and is already being
proven with one of its current strategic alliances, Revertex Malaysia, where
manufacturer interest in both Vytex NRL and PV Vytex NRL has been
generated. Since the Vystar proprietary process is inexpensive and
simple, using the same equipment and procedures now in place at the NRL
processors, it is an easy implementation and offers a solution to the NRL
processor’s shrinking market share woes. In addition, Vystar has entered into
a Distribution Agreement with Centrotrade Minerals & Metals, US
and Centrotrade Deutschland, GmbH, Germany, the leading global distributors of
latex raw materials, to create a worldwide distribution network that will
further enhance Vystar’s ability to cost effectively reach and service
manufacturer customers in these key manufacturing areas. Vystar
expects to have this network established in the first quarter 2009 to provide
storage and distribution services in addition to sales and marketing support
worldwide. The agreement with Centrotrade provides for a three-year
term with automatic one-year renewals absent termination by either party on 90
days written notice, and provides for exclusive distribution of Vystar’s Vytex
products in specified geographic areas and nonexclusive distribution of such
products otherwise world wide. The agreement contemplates that Vystar
and Centrotrade will co-market the Vytex product lines with Centrotrade
purchasing the Vytex from Vystar on 30 day payment terms and reselling it as a
bona fide distributor, subject to Vystar's standard license
terms. Centrotrade will also sample the Vytex products to potential
customers pursuant to a Vytex sampling agreement. All sales and
containers containing Vytex will be co-labeled with the Vytex logo, which is
also a requirement stated in the manufacturer’s use agreement. There are no
liquidated damages or other penalties for violation or termination of the
contract other than interest on past due payments of 1.5% per month and what is
available by law and equity for a breach.
Revertex
(Malaysia), is the world’s largest producer of prevulcanized natural rubber
lattices. A Toll Manufacturing Agreement was signed on April 11, 2008, between
Vystar and Revertex, covering the areas of processing and technical support.
Revertex is a non-exclusive, toll manufacturer for Vystar and
is in full
production mode to manufacture Vytex NRL commercially, in anticipation of
manufacturer conversions to Vytex NRL. To date, although very little
sales have taken place, the full production runs have been used for process
validation and sampling of Vytex by many manufacturers. Vytex NRL,
like all latex, is normally sold on a made- to-order basis with only minimal
inventories held to cover safety stock and sampling requirements. Revertex, as
the largest producer, has considerable influence and control over the supply of
raw liquid latex necessary for the processing of Vytex NRL. This
industry position was key in Vystar’s decision to align with Revertex, ensuring
capacity to meet current and future demand based on the sales and marketing
strategies outlined herein.
Revertex
is producing Vytex NRL in accordance with the Company’s proprietary processes
and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and is shipping Vytex NRL to latex
product manufacturers labeled as Vytex NRL. This agreement provides
for a three-year term with two-year renewal options upon mutual agreement with
90 days prior written notice, and 120-day no-cause termination options by either
party. For these toll-manufacturing services, Vystar pays a flat rate
formula per tonne as an all-inclusive fee for all services, including assistance
with developing the scaled-up manufacturing process with volume discount
options. There are no liquidated damages or other penalties for
violation of any term of the agreement other than what is available by law or
equity for breach of the agreement.
Since the
introduction of Vytex NRL at various latex and medical conferences,
manufacturers of mattresses, threads, surgical gloves, breather bags, probe
covers, condoms, balloons, adhesives, etc., have expressed an interest in
securing evaluation samples of Vytex NRL. This, in turn, expands the
opportunity to market and sell Vytex NRL across a wide range of industries
globally. Vystar will strategically respond to meet these new manufacturing
demands. Similarly, recent press releases have caused several potential
customers in newer, non-medical markets to initiate discussions with Vystar. Due
to the relative ease with which these other non-healthcare markets may be
entered, compared to the United States healthcare markets, management is
entering these markets as a first step while it prepares to enter the United
States healthcare market.
Vytex
NRL Allergenicity Testing & Results
Vystar
has treated NRL using the patented Vytex manufacturing process, and then
analyzed the resulting material with both chemical and biological immunoassay
tests. Over 500 tests were performed by the LEAP Testing Service of the Guthrie
Foundation for Medical Research, an independent, highly respected analytical
laboratory specializing in immunoassays of NRL for antigenic proteins. These
more than 500 tests have been performed on medical and non-medical products made
with Vytex NRL and independently tested using accredited ASTM protein test
methodologies. Results show products made with Vytex NRL demonstrate
excellent resistance to aging compared to control
Hevea
NRL samples due to the
removal of species vulnerable to free radical breakdown. Vytex NRL
can be substituted for
Hevea
NRL or synthetic
alternative materials when reduced antigenic proteins and good aging
characteristics are essential.
Vytex NRL
has produced results on finished products that are both “below detection” and
“not detectable”, and these results have been reproduced in subsequent
tests. From inception through September 30, 2008, Vystar's research
and development costs have been approximately $2.1 million, with an additional
$372,000 budgeted for continued efforts for the remainder of 2008 and through
all of 2009. These efforts past and future have been and will
continue to be patented and/or trademarked. As of September 30, 2008,
Vystar has expended since inception approximately $86,000 on such patent and
trademark costs and has budgeted approximately $29,000 more for the period from
October 1, 2008 through December 31, 2009 to continue to pursue and maintain its
patents and trademarks around the world, as described in the History and
Background sections of this prospectus.
The
Modified Lowry test is a chemical analysis test that has become the more-often
referenced of the two recognized national standards for measuring proteins in
NRL (ASTM D5712). This chemical analysis method is based on the binding of
chromogenic dye to protein residues as a point of measurement. One early sample
of NRL provided to the laboratory had a pre-Vytex NRL manufacturing process
measurement in the area of 750 micrograms of total protein per gram of NRL. The
results of testing the Vytex NRL product produced readings that were “below
detection”. However, the minimum detection level for the Modified Lowry test is
28 micrograms per gram. To some degree, this result is not an exceptional
reading, since there are several existing post-manufacturing processes of latex
glove manufacturers that, in certain circumstances, also produce “below
detection” levels. The unanswered question therefore is “How much below
detection?”. The Modified Lowry method detects “total” protein and cannot
differentiate that small fraction of antigenic protein.
Subsequently,
Vystar NRL turned to a more specific assay to further define Vytex NRL. The LEAP
test (ASTM D6499-07), the other of the two recognized national standards, is an
immunochemical test applied to rabbit and human tissue and measures much needed
levels of the antigenic proteins. This test is approximately 150 times more
sensitive than the Modified Lowry test methods, and has a minimum level of
detection of 0.2 micrograms per gram. Repeated tests reported an antigenic
protein level less than 0.2 micrograms per gram for several products made with
Vytex NRL. Vystar is seeking FDA clearance to make claims to this standard with
respect to the finished medical devices using Vytex NRL. In the FDA’s recently
published Medical Glove Guidance in January 2008, the agency stated that work
was currently underway to determine the sensitivity and detection limits of the
ELISA test method, a positive step towards more specific labeling
allowances.
To fully
validate the Vytex process, The Company is investigating the use of a
spectrophotometric method (280nm-protein absorbance) to further quantify morphed
proteins no longer immuno-reactive (recognized by the ELISA antibodies used in
the LEAP testing method). The MOLAR
Ò
-Micro Optic Latex
Analyte Registry-assessment of protein is observed directly and immediately and
can be used quantitatively for Vytex NRL preparations as well as native NRL
sources. Management believes that with additional laboratory experimentation,
further reduction of the antigenic protein is possible with adjustments to the
timing and duration of the Vytex NRL manufacturing process steps. However, there
can be no assurances that either further reduction can be attained or complete
elimination is effective below the minimum detection levels.
Additionally,
there are other specifications that must be met in order to have a Vytex NRL
product that is suitable for the process required to manufacture many end
products, and which are needed to entice manufacturers to use it. These
necessary physical, chemical and mechanical property tests are continually being
performed by independent laboratories on each scale up run of Vytex NRL, and
currently show parity with the non-Vytex NRL. By showing this parity, Vystar
believes that the Vytex
NRL
process has produced NRL that has “below detection” antigenic protein, yet will
be able to fit within the current manufacturing processes by
industry.
Property
& Legal Proceedings
As of the
date hereof, Vystar has not been engaged in nor threatened with any legal
proceedings. In the ordinary course of business, we may become
subject to litigation and claims on various matters. It is possible
that we will not prevail in all cases. However, we have no reason to
believe that any such litigation or claims would have a material adverse effect
on our financial condition.
Properties
Vystar
owns no property other than personal property utilized in its office
facilities. Our offices are located in Duluth, Georgia, and consist
of approximately of 2,500 square feet of leased space.
Employees
As of the
date hereof, we have three full-time and one part-time employees located in
Duluth, Georgia.
The
Market
Several
attempts, including new source crops, synthetic lattices and various treatment
methods have been made to eliminate problem proteins from
Hevea
NRL by biological,
physical and/or chemical methods that act on proteins. One approach
has been to introduce the latex articles to multiple leaching steps and
chlorination. This approach does reduce the protein levels in the
finished product; however it weakens the latex film thus compromising the
desirable physical properties of the product.
Another
attempt to reduce proteins in NRL is the use of proteolytic enzymes to degrade
the proteins in the latex solution. The issue with this approach is
the introduction of another protein (the enzyme) to the latex, which may itself
be allergenic. Attempts to commercialize two other non-
Hevea
NRL materials have been
made in the United States; guayule rubber latex and Taraxacum kok-saghyz, also
known as the Russian dandelion. These materials are reported to be
higher in cost compared to natural rubber latex and presently are available only
in limited quantities.
Hevea
NRL has been around for
more than a century and its antigenic proteins have been thoroughly
researched. The allergenic properties and economic viability of latex
from the guayule & Taraxacum kok-saghyz have yet to be
scrutinized. Both of these materials have their own unique set of
proteins with potential allergenic behavior not yet understood.
Vytex
NRL, is a natural, renewable resource, can biodegrade in nature in as little
time as six months (or the equivalent of an oak leaf), according to a study
conducted on balloons by the Balloon Council-
http://www.aballoonabouttown.com/fun.html. This “green” aspect of
Vytex NRL adds an additional marketing component.
Each of
the following product segment overviews contains a discussion of specific
competitors in the respective markets.
As
reflected in the illustration above, NRL is harvested and processed from its raw
liquid stage into a more usable form for manufacturers primarily in the South
East Asia region. However, the majority of the NRL product consumption is in the
North American region, followed closely by the EU. Therefore, with Vystar’s key
strategic relationship with Revertex Malaysia and Vystar’s management expertise
and contacts in the North American and EU markets, Vystar is well-positioned to
take advantage of its new technology for a low protein NRL.
As shown
in the pie chart below, the marketplace for non-tire rubber is very diverse and
sizeable. According to a report issued at the 2008 International Latex
Conference (Cleveland, OH) by the Secretariat of the International
Rubber Study Group, Singapore, world-wide consumption of liquid latex
reached just over one million tonnes. The Group predicts future demand
to reach just over 1.32 million tonnes in 2010 and to 2.01 million tonnes
in 2020. Based on the current pricing of NRL, the overall market is valued at
just above $2 billion. The price of NRL fluctuates regularly and is updated
daily on the web site of the Malaysia Rubber Board (
www.lgm.gov.my
). Due
to the rising demand and significant price increases in NRL many Asia producing
countries have turned the industry into a “sunrise” industry,
replanting natural rubber plantations to keep up with growing worldwide demand.
Other countries, such as Guatemala, look at the growing global demand
opportunistically and their latex industry is expected to grow from 57,000
tonnes produced in 2006 to over 95,000 tonnes by 2016, a 40% increase (Office of
Consulate General of Guatemala, Atlanta, Georgia).
The key
market segments that Vystar will focus on to launch Vytex NRL are: surgical
gloves, exam gloves, threads, foams, adhesives, balloons, condoms and catheters.
Also, Vystar has keen interest from companies in the “other” category that
offers a quick entry to the marketplace, and will only add to the vast
opportunities represented by the target markets referenced above and reflected
in the chart below.
Worldwide
Use of Natural Rubber Latex
Source:
International Rubber Study Group 2006 Report, Singapore
Vystar
intends to develop and implement a robust marketing strategy aimed at consumers
to drive demand to manufacturers adopting Vytex NRL into their product
portfolio. An important aspect to the Company’s strategy will be ingredient
branding, creating demand for a brand within a product, and thus differentiating
the manufacturer and product leading to consumer brand loyalty. Ingredient
branding has been a highly successful strategy within the computer and chip
industries for over twenty years.
With the
global emphasis on the environment, Vystar is well positioned to take advantage
of the trends towards the consumer’s desire for more natural, healthier green
products and the world’s need to adopt more eco-friendly policies. Vytex NRL is
an all natural composition, free of known or expected human carcinogens commonly
found in synthetics, naturally bactericidal and resistant to dust mites, a
common allergy inducer in pillows and bedding products. In addition, natural
rubber latex is biodegradable. In a study conducted by The National Association
of Balloon Artists, a large balloon trade association, entitled “A Study of the
Effect of Balloon Releases on the Environment,” determined latex balloons
degrade in the same amount of time as an oak leaf. The “green” benefits of
natural rubber latex and Vytex NRL will be the cornerstone of our marketing
efforts to capitalize on and offer solutions for this economic, political and
cultural world-wide trend.
To
accelerate the awareness of Vytex NRL and, in turn, induce the manufacturer to
adopt Vytex into their product portfolio, Vystar will engage in a comprehensive
consumer branding campaign during the fourth quarter 2008 and throughout 2009.
The campaign will be aimed at all consumers in all markets, such as condoms,
foam bedding, gloves, adhesives, and balloons, using trade PR, established media
vehicles, the internet and public service announcements.
With over
40,000 products produced with NRL covering 20 plus industries, Vystar intends to
focus its sales and marketing efforts in those product areas where there exists
strong demand for NRL and where synthetics have flourished due to the latex
allergy issue. Diversification is the cornerstone of our sales strategy,
focusing on manufacturers large and small, global and regional, in regulated and
non-regulated markets and with the market leaders and those who strive to be. Of
particular interest to Vystar are those unique manufacturers who operate within
the featured category with a niche product, who have the ability to
differentiate their product and/or service and successfully create greater
profitability on smaller volumes. An example of this type
of product category is the latex bedding market, which comprises just
18% of the total bedding market yet commands a price premium of 500%
over traditional innerspring mattresses when sold by bedding specialist stores,
according to Furniture Today in their June 2008 Spotlight report, available
publically by subscription.
Surgical
and Exam Gloves
According
to the most recent Frost and Sullivan U.S. Disposable Gloves Markets Report
(2002) available by subscription, the United States medical examination glove
market is approximately $1.0 billion for end product sales, with over 24 billion
medical examination gloves sold each year. The United States surgical glove
market, which requires a higher grade of glove, is approximately $280 million
with 380 million pairs of surgical gloves sold annually. The United States
healthcare market accounts for approximately 60% of the worldwide consumption of
examination and surgical gloves with the European countries accounting for most
of the remaining 40%. Since the need for the low protein Vytex NRL is so
significant in the healthcare segment, and since health care providers are
influential and progressive, successful product introduction into this market
will enhance its acceptance by other market segments. Approximately 17% of all
health care workers have allergenic sensitivity to NRL. Exam gloves are
integral to the practice of medicine, and are the most preferred NRL products in
the healthcare workplace. The reason gloves are so critical to the healthcare
industry is that they are the first line of defense against infection. Natural
rubber latex (vs. synthetic) gloves are perceived to be the best barrier
available.
Consequently,
because of the allergenic problems associated with natural rubber latex gloves
and the myriad of substandard synthetic alternatives to natural rubber latex,
the manufacturer may have a dozen or more different types of gloves to provide a
hospital client. In fact, the manufacturing trend has been to increase the
number of stock keeping units (SKUs) with items ranging from natural rubber
latex gloves to synthetic alternatives (vinyl, neoprene, nitrile, polyisoprene,
etc.). All of these alternatives cost more than the NRL gloves, with some
costing up to 4 or 5 times that of NRL. These costly alternatives, with higher
production and development costs, may or may not be producing commensurate
increases in profitability for the manufacturers due to the pricing pressures
and long term contracts with group purchasing organizations (GPOs) and
integrated hospital networks (IHNs). Vystar expects to demonstrate that
Vytex NRL is an across-the-board alternative, holding the highest standards
of elasticity, tactile sensation and liquid barriers, yet having ultra-low
levels of antigenic protein, allowing the purchasing institutions to reduce
their SKUs.
The chart
below highlights the distinct advantages of Vytex NRL over alternative
materials:
Medical
Gloves Raw Material Characteristic Comparison*
* Several
scientific studies have been conducted on the benefits of latex and synthetic
materials used in the manufacture of exam and surgical gloves and their
effectiveness as a barrier, strength and durability. Most often cited
are published studies conducted by D. Korniewicz, RN, PhD, Maryland School of
Nursing, “Failure Rates in Nonlatex Surgical Gloves”, "Integrity of Vinyl and
Latex Procedure Gloves” and "Surgical Glove Failures in Clinical Practice
Settings” along with independent laboratory testing of the Vytex products which
were relied upon for the data contained in the above chart.
Currently,
the exam glove marketplace is fragmented with over 40 different glove
manufacturers, all with at least some foothold in the United States market.
However, there are only four glove manufacturers with significant market shares.
Although these four companies provide a majority of the medical gloves sold in
the United States, no individual company has a majority of the market share.
Recently, the “all other” category of manufacturing companies has emerged as the
largest segment in the exam glove arena, comprised mainly of Asian manufacturers
who distribute under their own brands and also provide OEM manufacturing for the
distributor seeking greater profitability and brand equity, benefits not
received from the dominant brand manufacturers.
The
largest market segment for both surgical and exam gloves is acute care
hospitals, where manufacturers sell by negotiated contract, either directly to
the hospital or through a buying group representing several hospitals.
Conversely, the alternate site healthcare markets (physicians, dentists, nursing
homes, etc) are strongly influenced by the distributor servicing their entire
medical supply needs and have been slower to align with a purchasing group.
Another market segment that Vystar intends to tap into is government and
institutional sales, where exam glove usage has exploded in recent years as
barrier protection for workers is of concern in agencies such as Homeland
Security, TSA, Public Health Service, Department of Defense and others,
utilizing a network of minority, disabled and veteran-owned
businesses.
The U.S.
surgical glove market, like exam gloves, is dominated by four major companies;
Molnlycke Healthcare (Sweden), Cardinal Health Care (Dublin, OH), Ansell Ltd.
(Australia) and Medline (Mundelein, IL). Vystar has introduced Vytex NRL to the
surgical glove manufacturers and has contracted with several and started
evaluation trials globally. Market share is influenced two ways; surgeon
preference and GPO/IHN contracting. Vystar intends to increase healthcare
workers’ awareness of, and therefore demand for, products manufactured with
Vytex NRL through an extensive public relations and marketing campaign aimed at
the clinician directly and the clinical advisors of the major purchasing groups
and hospital networks. A similar brand marketing campaign to other latex market
segments heavily influenced by the choosers and users, such as condoms, is
expected to run concurrently with the glove campaign.
The
allergic reaction of healthcare workers to non-Vytex NRL has a significant
effect on the choice of NRL used in the medical industry. With synthetic latex
products growing at a rapid rate, the processors of NRL are losing potential
revenue while the healthcare industry itself faces higher costs of procurement
for these non-latex products. Vystar is introducing Vytex NRL, its new “low
protein” NRL, throughout the global marketplace now using NRL or synthetic latex
substitutes as a component of manufactured products. Vystar’s goal is for Vytex
NRL to become the industry standard for latex. Because the synthetics have a
potential negative health and environmental impact due to the chemicals used in
their manufacturing processes, it is very reasonable and likely that Vystar will
achieve this goal.
Vystar
management knows of no other commercially available chemical method of removing
antigenic proteins that is applied to raw liquid NRL prior to manufacturing of
finished latex products. There are certain procedures, such as chlorination, in
the glove manufacturing process that attempt to wash the proteins from the
finished glove product. This chlorination process, which is mostly a surface
treatment, is ineffective in removing all of the protein. Furthermore, it
degrades the elasticity and liquid barrier properties of latex. Almost every
application of latex or rubber products has synthetic substitutes. Some of these
substitutes compromise the intended purpose of the final product. Also, a large
number of synthetics are substituted for reasons unrelated to latex allergies.
However, some very large markets have adopted synthetics solely to address the
allergy issue.
As the
largest potential customer for Vytex NRL, the Vystar sales strategy is to entice
the glove manufacturer and distributor to add a Vytex NRL glove product among
its current SKUs offered to the healthcare buyer and enhance their product
portfolio. Vystar is confident the manufacturers will see that using the liquid
Vytex NRL in the manufacture of its gloves will add only a small percentage to
the overall production costs of NRL gloves. The raw NRL material costs are a
fraction of the total cost of the gloves, which includes labor, packaging,
shipping, etc.
Similarly,
Vystar is confident that the manufacturer can be shown that the resulting Vytex
NRL glove can be priced competitively, especially against other costly synthetic
gloves. In fact, the healthcare workers and facilities would likely pay a higher
price for better quality, lower protein NRL gloves, thereby avoiding the higher
priced synthetic alternatives as well as the workers’ compensation claims
associated with latex allergies. In any event, however, the manufacturers’ end
product pricing is solely their decision. Pricing either may be held constant or
given small increases to increase market share, or it could be raised
substantially to compete with synthetic glove prices and thus increase unit
margins. Vystar is confident that the result will be that Vytex NRL can capture
a significant portion of a manufacturer’s NRL source. If two of these four major
manufacturers (or several of the second tier manufacturers) adopt a glove
manufactured with Vytex NRL, Vystar expects these gloves will be the accepted
alternative and become the standard in the marketplace.
Condoms
The
worldwide condom market has slowed in year to year growth since the frantic
growth of the early AIDS epidemic. Currently, the market grows 3.5 to 4.5 %
annually which uses a much larger base than the pre-AIDS years. Strong growth
can be attributed to the developing nations such as China, India and South East
Asia. Established markets, such as the United States, Great Britain and Europe,
are still projected to show moderate volume gains.
A
breakdown of condom consumption globally is as follows:
Country
|
|
%
of Usage
|
|
|
Volume
(000s)
|
|
Asia
Pacific (India, China, SE Asia)
|
|
|
51.0
|
%
|
|
|
7,420
|
|
Latin
America
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
|
2,074
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
11.4
|
%
|
|
|
1,654
|
|
United
States
|
|
|
8.9
|
%
|
|
|
1,299
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
5.6
|
%
|
|
|
813
|
|
Rest
of World
|
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
|
742
|
|
Canada
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
|
536
|
|
Source:
“Condoms- A Global Strategic Business Report”, under license from Global
Industry Analysts, Inc., San Jose, CA
This is
expected to change as the number of new HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
infections is on the rise throughout East and Central Asia, Eastern and Western
Europe, the UK and the United States. HIV is the precursor to AIDS (Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and can take years for a person infected with HIV to
reach the AIDS stage. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 33.2 million
people world-wide were living with HIV in 2007. Some 2.5 million people became
newly infected, and 2.1 million died of AIDS, including 330,000 children. Two
thirds of all HIV infections are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Alarming HIV infection rates are
occurring in countries previously believed to be immune due to religious,
socio-economic and political factors (China, Vietnam and Russia). New cases in
eastern Europe and central Asia have doubled in the period 2001-2007, from
630,000 cases to over 1.6 million. Today, Russia and the Ukraine alone represent
90% of these new cases. Harsh economic conditions in the Caribbean have fueled
active cases to 230,000, three-quarters of those located in Haiti and the
Dominican Republic. Globally, more than half of all new HIV infections occur in
those under the age of 25, according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC).
Source:
UNAIDS 2008 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic
The CDC
recently revised earlier estimates of 40,000 new HIV infections in 2006 to
56,300 in the U.S. alone. An area of concern for public health officials is the
rise in HIV infections among African Americans, now accounting for two-thirds of
the reported new cases. Most affected are young black MSM (men having sex with
men) and black women, with infection rates nearly 15 times higher than white
women and estimated to be 4 times higher than Hispanic women.
The chart
below details AIDS cases (2006) by race/ethnicity in the United
States:
|
|
Living with
AIDS
|
|
|
% of AIDS
Diagnoses
|
|
|
% of
Population
|
|
White,
Non Hispanic
|
|
|
394,024
|
|
|
|
30
|
%
|
|
|
66
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
African
American
|
|
|
409,982
|
|
|
|
49
|
%
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hispanic
|
|
|
161,505
|
|
|
|
19
|
%
|
|
|
15
|
%
|
Through
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source: www.CDC.gov,
“HIV and AIDS in the United States: A Picture of Today’s Epidemic”
HIV prevention and education are the
cornerstones of the global efforts to contain these spiraling rates. The
hallmark of prevention is the male latex condom, the most efficient and
available technology to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV
1
, according to the UNAIDS,
the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The organization goes on to
say “Condom promotion must be incorporated into a comprehensive prevention
strategy that involves leadership from all sections of society, addresses
cultural norms and beliefs, promotes gender equality, and promotes widespread
knowledge and awareness of how HIV is transmitted and how condoms can avert
infection.
1
”
World-wide
prevention programs and the education of at-risk population groups will continue
to encourage condom usage. UNAIDS 2008 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic report
condom usage among young people (ages 15-24) has increased in recent years.
Today, just over 14 billon condoms are sold world-wide with approximately 1.3
billion sold in the United States. The average selling price is $0.19 per unit
for a total product market of $238.9 million.
Eighty-one
percent of the condoms sold world-wide are made from NRL. The cost to produce a
condom (1.5 g NRL) is $0.05 to $0.07 prior to adding advertising costs.
World-wide condom usage of over 14 billion units translates to 17,013 tonnes of
NRL used in the manufacturing process for a potential Vystar gross sale of $9.4
million. While the condom market is considerably smaller than the glove market,
the consumer branding potential that exists here is attractive as U.S. consumers
generally purchase based on brand over price. On an individual basis, the
average Indian uses 4 condoms per year, while the world wide average is 15 per
year. On the other side of the spectrum, the average for the Japanese is 100 per
year.
Global
Industry Analysts, Inc. in a 2006 purchased report “Condoms- A Global Strategic
Business Report” states the dominant global manufacturers include SSL
International, plc, a British firm, the leading manufacturer at 21% of the
market, Ansell Limited (Australia) at 12%, Church and Dwight (United States)
having 7% and Okamoto (Japan) at 7%. Okamoto has the #1 brand in Japan, France,
Germany and the Nordic countries and Church and Dwight with the leading
brand, Trojan, in the United States.
Vystar
has sample agreements in place with several condom manufacturers
worldwide.
Vystar is
currently engaged with a U.S. condom manufacturer and has obtained
the 510(k) required by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
for marketing and selling a condom using Vytex NRL. Vystar intends to develop
and implement a multi-faceted marketing plan to increase condom consumption
overall and build brand equity and visibility for Vytex NRL. Vystar strategies
include aligning with federal, state and local HIV/AIDS planning councils and
AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) to assist in the education and promotion of
condom usage to reduce the risks of transmission. Vehicles will include public
service announcements, focus groups, educational programming, and sampling
programs.
Another
venue for Vytex NRL condom sales is the government and institutional markets
where large amounts of condoms are purchased by agencies providing public health
and family planning, the Department of Defense and Veteran’s Administration.
Vystar expects to utilize a network of minority, disabled and veteran-owned
businesses to reach these government markets.
Latex
Bedding and Foams
Natural
rubber latex is widely used to manufacture mattresses, padding, toppers and
pillows for the bedding industry. Natural rubber latex foam is gaining
popularity in the United States bedding industry because it is firm, yet
conforming to the body, so it provides a very high level of rest and comfort
during sleep. Plus, it is a naturally derived, renewable material with superior
resiliency properties when compared to SBR (synthetic) foams. NRL foam is three
times more resistant to dust mites than ordinary mattresses, estimated to be a
factor in 50 to 80 percent of asthmatics according the American Academy of
Allergy,Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI).
1
http://www.unaids.org/en/PolicyAndPractice/Prevention/Condoms/
Opening
Price Points
|
|
Furniture Stores
|
|
|
Bedding Specialists
|
|
|
|
Lowest
Reported
|
|
|
Median
|
|
|
Highest
Reported
|
|
|
Lowest
Reported
|
|
|
Median
|
|
|
Highest
Reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Innerspring
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
|
$
|
399
|
|
|
$
|
799
|
|
|
$
|
159
|
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
|
$
|
399
|
|
Memory
Foam (SBR)
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
|
$
|
999
|
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
Latex
Foam
|
|
$
|
699
|
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
|
$
|
1,999
|
|
|
$
|
799
|
|
|
$
|
1,199
|
|
|
$
|
1,949
|
|
Air
|
|
$
|
1,199
|
|
|
$
|
1,699
|
|
|
$
|
2,899
|
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
|
$
|
1,499
|
|
|
$
|
2,199
|
|
Source:
Retail Bedding Spotlight, Furniture Today, June 2, 2008
In 2005,
approximately 75,000 tonnes of NRL were used in the foam industry. NRL foam
consumption has grown slightly less than 10,000 tonnes over a 15-year period
from 1989. Asia consumes 47,000 tonnes of NRL foam and Europe
consumes 28,500 tonnes.
According
to United States bedding manufacturers, NRL sales in the bedding market have
increased more than 70% over the past two years alone. Natural rubber latex has
captured over 18% of the specialty sleep market and is projected to grow by 75%
over the next two years, at a price point significantly higher than the
traditional innerspring market. Latex foam is now accepted by consumers and
retailers as a premium bedding component. More and more manufacturers are
jumping on the green bandwagon by adding natural rubber latex to their product
portfolios, Englander Sleep Products (Billerica, MA), Simmons (Atlanta, GA),
Sealy (Trinity, NC) and Spring Air (Tampa, FL) are just a few featured at the
Las Vegas Market in the summer of 2008. The percentage of U.S. households
spending $1,000 or more for bedding doubled between 2000 and 2006, accounting
for more than 27% of the total purchases according to Furniture Today’s consumer
research.
As
consumers increase their spending on bedding they are also spending more on the
accessories to protect their bedding investment including pillows and mattress
toppers. According to Furniture Today in their 2006 Bedding Retail Survey
reported the price points on sleep pillows ranged from $6 to $200, with latex
and down at the higher ends of the pricing scale.
In the
European market, NRL foam is the dominant material used in comfort applications.
However, before latex formulations were improved, latex foam was prone to
degradation over the long term, developing a disagreeable odor in the process.
Polyurethane (PUR) foams offered less performance to NRL foam at a lower price.
Today, PUR foam controls a major part of foam bedding in the comfort market. The
companies that hold a 75% market share (polymer) in this market are BASF Group
(Germany), Dow Chemical (US) and Bayer Material Science (Germany).
The
European market predominantly uses mechanical spring mattresses when taken as a
whole and beyond just the comfort or luxury applications, which accounts for 60%
of the total mattress consumption. PUR foam mattress accounts for about 25% of
the mattresses consumed. Natural latex foams possess 15% of the market share in
the mattress segment and is largely restrained by its higher cost.
The
consumer demand for high-end bedding is being driven by a new awareness of the
physical and mental benefits of sleep world-wide. Sleep has fueled a new area of
medical research with most major universities and medical institutions engaged
in some form of sleep research or programming.
The
Better Sleep Council (BSC) reports in the 2007 Better Sleep Month survey that
only 27% of Americans get the proper amount of sleep each night (7.5 – 8.5
hours) and 8 out of 10 report at least one negative work side-effect of not
having a good night’s sleep. The top three areas impacted; lack of quality and
accuracy of work (31%), clear thinking or judgment (31%) and remembering
important details (30%). The Better Sleep Council Canada reports that one in
four Canadians are clinically sleep deprived.
The BSC
estimates sleep deprivation and sleep disorders cost the U.S. over $100 million
annually in medical expenses, absenteeism, productivity losses, property and
environmental damage. In a consumer survey, this same group reported that 97% of
respondents agreed that a good night’s sleep is essential to quality of life and
91% agreed that a good mattress is essential to health and wellbeing. The survey
respondents also perceived the cost of a mattress has increased and the majority
agreed that price is directly proportional to quality, higher cost equals higher
quality.
Another
area important in the increase of NRL demand in the bedding industry is the rise
of allergies and asthma, triggered by allergens. While many allergy symptoms are
seasonal, many individuals suffer from perennial allergies and asthma caused by
indoor allergens, such as dust mite droppings, indoor molds and pet dander. The
Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) reports approximately 20
million Americans have asthma in the U.S., of which 9 million are children under
the age of 18, contributing to more than $11.5 billion in direct health care
costs annually.
Vytex NRL
offers a solution to both of these important health issues facing this industry.
Natural rubber latex is naturally hypoallergenic, dust mite resistant, and
bactericidal, inhibiting the growth of bacteria, mold and mildew, all known to
cause allergies and asthma. In addition, Vytex NRL in its natural state is free
of the chemicals typically found in synthetic foams known to cause odor and
allergy symptoms.
There are
several manufacturers of NRL foam serving the European market, including four
market leaders: Latexco (Belgium & US), Dunlopillo (UK), Sapsa (Italy) and
Dunlop Tech GmbH (Germany). With the increase in domestic demand, several US
manufacturers, including Latex Foam International (Shelton, CT) and Sealy
Corporation (Trinity, NC) are expanding their manufacturing operations to
accommodate future growth.
Vytex NRL
foam is well-suited for the foam industry because of its low antigenic protein
levels. Although skin contact is rare with foam, direct skin contact with
bedding materials can serve as a carrier of latex proteins that reside on the
outer surface of the NRL foam products. Since Vytex NRL is made with a process
that removes antigenic proteins and other non-rubber solids, the resultant Vytex
NRL product foam sample products are far less odorous compared to non-Vytex NRL
foam that contains high levels of biodegradable proteins.
Vytex NRL
is very stable latex due to the reduced protein content and added surfactant.
During the manufacturing of foam products from latex, higher shear stress may be
exerted on the latex. High shear stress begins with the mixing process and is
continued during the storage and dipping process. In the process used to produce
foam, high shear stress occurs at the foam head of the machine. The latex must
be able to withstand such shear stresses without flocculating. Vytex NRL has a
decided advantage for a foam producer, due to its inherent stability under shear
stress.
A comparison of NRL foam and
other competing foams as extrapolated from a chart created and published on
their website (
http://www.latexrubber.com.au/foam_comparison.shtml
)
by
Parnham and Associates Pty Ltd
, Australia a. manufacturer of latex
foam, therapeutic pillows follows in the chart below:
|
|
Natural
Latex Foam
|
|
SBR
Latex Foam
|
|
PUR
Foam
|
History
|
|
First
produced in 1929
|
|
Used
to produce foam in the early 60s.
|
|
Also
produced in the early 60s.
|
Description
|
|
Extremely
durable highly resilient, non-toxic and environmentally
safe.
|
|
Produced
from petrochemicals. Does not have the inherent physical and biological
properties of NRL.
|
|
Produced
from a polyol & TDI (isocyanate and cause toxic
fumes).
|
Recovery
|
|
Very
Resilient
|
|
Not
as Resilient
|
|
Slow
Recovery
|
Support
|
|
Support
without pressure to the body and is self-ventilating
|
|
Does
not give support and ventilation efficiently
|
|
Poor
porosity and does not dissipate body heat and perspiration
efficiently
|
Bacterial
Properties
|
|
Natural
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
Durability
|
|
Durable
and resilient
|
|
None
|
|
Poor
resilience
|
Patterns
|
|
Unique
pattern of small pin-hole cavitations on both sides making the hardness
characteristics isotropic. This ensures that the surface is uniform and
provides maximum comfort.
|
|
Also
has a unique pattern of small pinhole cavitations on both sides and the
hardness characteristics are isotropic.
|
|
Generally,
does not have the unique pattern and cavitations of Latex Foam and does
not give maximum comfort.
|
Dust/Asthma
Issues
|
|
Does
not get lumpy, create dust or fluff and is excellent for asthma
sufferers.
|
|
Does
not get lumpy or create dust and fluff.
|
|
Can
get lumpy, create dust and fluff and is not satisfactory for asthma
suffers.
|
Temperature
& Humidity
|
|
No
dampness, remains ventable
|
|
Does
not dissipate heat, moisture and perspiration well.
|
|
Mattresses
become damp and will not ventilate when not used. Perspiration is not
dissipated.
|
Toxicity
|
|
On
ignition, produces black smoke mostly containing unburnt
carbon
|
|
On
ignition, produces black smoke containing phenolic substances, which are
toxic.
|
|
On
ignition, produces toxic fumes, which can suffocate and cause physical
injury.
|
Two of
the leading global bedding manufacturers have expressed a significant interest
in Vytex NRL and evaluation trials began in 3Q2008. Successful trials could get
Vytex NRL into this market in 2009 for sponges and mattresses. Additionally,
Vystar has successfully completed a manufacturing trial run with a global
manufacturer of consumer sponges with a full production run
expected.
To drive
consumer demand for Vytex NRL bedding products, Vystar must look to the
internet, where over 60% of consumers turn to conduct research prior to
shopping, particularly consumers with incomes over $50K. However, when they are
ready to purchase, more turn to specialty bedding stores (44%) or furniture
stores (35%) than to the internet (1%). Incorporation of the internet and
alliances with key specialty bedding distributors will be a key component of the
Vytex branding campaign for bedding.
Adhesives
Adhesives
are broadly composed of caulks, sealants, fillers, construction materials and
variously defined adhesives. Adhesives can be divided into different types based
on their chemistry. “Super glues,” or cyanoacrylates, are the “polymerize in
place” type with or without a catalyst. Acrylates and methacrylates can also
polymerize in place with the aid of a catalyst (an example is bone “cement” used
in surgery). Hot melts are another type of adhesive and are generally
polyolefins (or other polymers) with low melting points. The hot melt adhesives,
once melted in a pot or a hand device, are applied to a surface(s) and allowed
to cool (freeze) and thus stick together the two surfaces. Two-part adhesives
represent another type of adhesive and are usually epoxies. The two parts are
dysfunctional and form a very strong cross-linked condensation polymer. Epoxies
are used extensively in the industrial and construction sectors due to their
very high strength. Mucilages are another type of adhesives often characterized
by “Elmer’s Glue,” which was originally marketed heavily by Borden. Elmer’s Glue
is basically a polyvinyl acetate water emulsion. The adhesive is applied to
porous surfaces and allowed to dry. This type of adhesive is simple, functional
and inexpensive and works well in very light industrial applications as well as
in domestic and educational venues. A more durable “marine use” product is also
available. It is a more sophisticated polymer ester and resists marine moisture.
Again, these materials are available as emulsions, water solutions and organic
solvent solutions and become effective as the solution (or emulsion) evaporates
and dries.
Pressure
Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs), are typically used in the label market, dominated by
large players such as Avery Dennison (Pasadena, CA), 3M (St. Paul, MN), and
Raflatac (Sweden). PSA technologies include hot melt whereby the adhesive is
melted, coated onto face stock, cooled and laminated; emulsions and solvents
undergo less processing with an adhesive solution coated, dried and laminated.
Much of the PSA market has transitioned from NRL to other synthetic materials,
including acrylics, and conversions back to NRL would require an extensive raw
material qualification process that is unlikely to receive interest among the
primary manufacturers. For these reasons, Vystar intends to focus on the Cold
Seal or Cohesive market, where NRL has desirable features and
benefits.
Cold seal
adhesives or “cohesives” are primarily found in the flexible food packaging,
medical and paper markets. Natural rubber latex is used extensively in the
flexible packaging market in packaging for chips, snacks, candy bars, etc. The
sealants have to be water and oxygen barriers because they are overcoated onto
one side of the package film and have to be approved for food contact. Some
films are now pattern-coated so there is no food contact. These sealants are
generally two parts: one part is a hydrocarbon such as NRL and the other part is
an acrylic acid ester polymer as a tacky substance. The acrylic acid ester
provides quick grab, and the adhesive such as NRL, provides pressure-sensitive
holding and barrier properties. NRL excels at flexibility at low temperatures
and thus is the performance leader. The raw material market is small and
consolidated with the key players being Bostik/TOTAL (France), Henkel
International (Germany), Akzo Nobel N.V. (Netherlands) and DOW Chemical
(Midland, MI). Multiple companies participate in the chain from raw material
through finished product, including compounders, printers and
packagers.
While
this market is fragmented, Vystar believes cold seal adhesives are a target for
Vytex NRL due to the market’s perceived advantages NRL has over synthetics in
the areas of cold flow and outstanding “stick”; very important qualities to
ensure even coating and a good seal. Vytex NRL provides a solution to NRL’s
disadvantages as well since poor mechanical stability inherent in NRL is
improved by the Vytex process which removes the substances in NRL subject to
free radical breakdown resulting in a more stable and a less odorous
product.
There
have been some reports of allergic reaction to these NRL adhesives found in or
around food packaging. Also, since there is no treatment of the finished product
as in the glove industry, Vytex NRL with its low-levels of antigenic protein at
the outset is an excellent match. The Company believes that the Vytex NRL would
be well-received in this market. The volume of NRL used for cold-seal adhesives
is believed to be close to 7,500 tonnes in just the British and German markets
and is based on population size since so much of the cold adhesives are used in
the food industry.
Vystar is
engaged with a regional distributor in the United States specializing in the
adhesives industry which has led to a large number of Vytex NRL evaluations. In
addition, several manufacturer evaluations are underway in the graphics and
coatings markets and adhesives for these and the flexible food packaging markets
could account for Vystar’s early sales of Vytex NRL.
While the
U.S. adhesives market for medical tapes is approximately 15,000 tonnes per year,
Vystar expects this market to be more challenging to enter since it operates
within the medical device area regulated by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and subject to the same labeling requirements as other regulated products
(gloves, catheters, etc) as discussed earlier. Outside the U.S. Vystar has
received interest in the Asia markets for bandages, dressings and other medical
adhesives and has begun evaluations with a large Asian
manufacturer.
Balloons
Vytex NRL
has several aspects that make it well-suited in the balloon industry. The low
initial modulus of Vytex NRL suggests that less force is required for a user to
mouth inflate a Vytex NRL balloon. Additionally, because Vytex NRL has greater
ultimate elongation, the balloon can accommodate more air or helium thus staying
inflated for a longer period of time compared to ordinary NRL. The low antigenic
protein value of Vytex NRL could be attractive since the balloon is typically
inflated by the mouth and also handled by small children.
The
world-wide latex balloon industry is estimated at over $235 million USD and
growing at 7-15% annually. The worldwide consumption of NRL for the balloon
industry is estimated at 27,000 tonnes annually. The two major
consuming countries of NRL balloons are the U.S. with 9,500 tonnes annually and
Europe at 2,200 tonnes annually in 2004 according to Trademap
(www.trademap.net/pmaps/world_trade.htm) Each balloon on average
costs $0.04 to produce and uses approximately 1.5 g of NRL. The industry is
split between Mylar and NRL.
The
Growth of Balloon Consumption Globally:
Country
|
|
USD
(000s)
|
|
|
Share
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
Germany
|
|
$
|
29,124
|
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
24
|
%
|
Singapore
|
|
$
|
20,986
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
|
103
|
%
|
U.S.
|
|
$
|
15,652
|
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
China
|
|
$
|
13,308
|
|
|
|
6
|
%
|
|
|
29
|
%
|
U.K.
|
|
$
|
12,545
|
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
France
|
|
$
|
9,867
|
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
Italy
|
|
$
|
9,156
|
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
23
|
%
|
Belgium
|
|
$
|
8,719
|
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
35
|
%
|
Spain
|
|
$
|
7,912
|
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
11
|
%
|
Netherlands
|
|
$
|
7,908
|
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
14
|
%
|
Denmark
|
|
$
|
6,796
|
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
-1
|
%
|
Canada
|
|
$
|
6,406
|
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
Sweden
|
|
$
|
6,112
|
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
Mexico
|
|
$
|
5,865
|
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
29
|
%
|
The
leading global balloon manufacturers are:
Company
|
|
NRL
|
|
Mylar
|
Anagram
International, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN)
|
|
|
|
Ö
|
Pioneer
Balloon (Qualatex) (Wichita, KS)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
Betallic
LLC (St. Louis, MO)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
Everts
International (Germany)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
CTI
Industries (Lake Barrington, IL)
|
|
Ö
|
|
Ö
|
Mylar
balloons are very seasonal with the majority of sales occurring between December
and March. NRL balloon sales are more consistent for a 12 month period, as the
majority of NRL balloons are purchased and distributed through “big box”
retailers as toys, gifts and party supplies. Mylar is the only substitute for
NRL balloons because of the required barrier properties of latex. Although both
NRL and Mylar balloons can be filled with helium, Mylar balloons are pre-formed
and they can only be filled with helium. Mylar balloons are significantly more
expensive compared to NRL balloons. Over 90% of Mylar sales occur in the U.S.
because helium is priced reasonably in the United States and supply has been
adequate to meet demand.
Balloons
are synonymous with children, they come into contact with balloons on a regular
basis at home, schools, stores and restaurants. This level of exposure concerns
many who are latex allergic or linked to latex allergy through a
cross-reactivity with certain foods. There is a reported correlation between
food allergies and latex allergy, a shared antigenic component found in certain
fruits and vegetables including banana, avocado and to a lesser extent, peanuts
and other tree nuts. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and
Immunology reports up to 8% of children have food allergies. Children with spina
bifida or subjected to multiple medical interventions throughout their lives
have a higher exposure to latex and, therefore, a significant greater risk of
latex allergy over the general population (up to 73% vs. 1-6%). These issues
have given rise to a cluster of U.S. and international support groups dedicated
to raising the consumer awareness of latex allergy. Two key domestic groups are
the American Latex Allergy Association and ELASTIC (National Latex Allergy
Network), both very active in the consumer and legislative arenas, including
efforts to ban latex balloons from hospitals and schools.
The Latex
Allergy Support Group (LASG), located in the United Kingdom, surveyed 374
members regarding their reactions to natural rubber latex balloons. Over 30%
responded (109) of which 89% have been diagnosed as Type I latex allergic (97).
The majority of the respondents have symptoms present when touching, blowing up
the balloon or being in a closed area containing balloons. Twenty percent of the
survey respondents required a medical intervention (use of adrenaline) after
exposure.
Vystar
expects these support groups to continue to grow in both political and consumer
strength in the U.S. and abroad, providing good opportunities for Vytex NRL and
the message of low protein latex as an alternative. We are engaged in
discussions with one of the largest global manufacturers and intend to actively
pursue this market utilizing alliances with the latex allergy support groups,
balloon artists and the balloon manufacturers.
Fibers,
Yarns, Threads, Cords, Fabrics
The
global textile industry manufactures fabrics and garments for uses as varied as
clothing, shelter, and fire and ballistic protections. The textile industry
produces fibers (both staple and continuous filament), yarns, threads and
fabrics. The fibers, yarns and threads are manufactured into woven, non-woven,
and knit fabrics. Woven fabrics are produced from yarns inter-tangled at
perpendicular angles, whereas non-wovens are produced directly from entangled
fibers. Knits are formed by the tangential intersection of loops to form a
variety of patterns. The basic chemistry of fibers has not changed for decades,
while production has shifted from the industrialized world to less
industrialized countries. Basic fiber ingredients are cellulosic (cotton, flax,
linen, rayon), polyester, nylon, acrylic, protein (wool, camel hair, etc) and
modacrylic, olefin and spandex (also known as elastane). This business plan is
focused on the natural rubber thread business and regaining market share lost to
spandex due to the “allergy” scare with NRL.
Spandex,
the generic term for elastic thread, was first invented by DuPont. The most
notable brand is Lycra, a trademark of Invista (formerly DuPont). Sales of
spandex yarns have been sluggish; in 1980 sales amounted to 25,000 tonnes with a
drop-off in subsequent years to 20,000 tonnes and finally rebounding back in
1997 to 1980 levels. Compared with the known sales for NRL yarn which has
increased dramatically over a similar time period; growing from a low of 50,000
tonnes in 1989 to 146,000 tonnes in 2006, according to a report by Frost and
Sullivan.
Spandex
producers tend to be very large, well-capitalized, chemical companies such as
Invista (USA), Bayer (Germany), Asahi Kasei (Japan) and many others. On the
other hand, NRL yarn producers are small, local companies. Spandex is produced
from crude oil and natural gas, two non-renewable products, whereas NRL yarns
are produced from renewable trees, an agricultural product. The spandex
producers do extensive marketing and selling directly through their own
employees. The NRL producers do little to no marketing and sell through a
mixture of brokers, agents, and jobbers who will sell only on price and
availability, and offer no up-selling based on product differentiation. The NRL
manufacturing sector lends itself to consolidation with a product that provides
clear differentiation, such as that which Vytex NRL yarns would provide.
Manufacturers produce in very large quantities and stage for each
shipment – 20,000 to 40,000 pounds at a time (20 – 40 foot
containers). Natural rubber yarn production has increased from approximately
50,000 tonnes in 1989 to about 135,000 tonnes in 2004, despite “allergy”
warnings that have appeared on garments containing NRL yarn.
There are
no direct competitors to NRL yarn use in socks, underwear, waistbands, ladies
foundation garments and cords (such as bungee). Spandex is a synthetic elastane,
and an indirect competitor only that has used the “allergy” issue as a lever to
enter these markets at a cost that is several times more expensive. Currently,
there are no branded NRL yarns and no advertising of the benefits of a NRL
yarn
Spandex,
although generically branded, has primarily been used in sportswear, outerwear
and other-wear, sheer hosiery, and pantyhose. These markets are not typically
markets for natural rubber yarn. Another venue identified is the eco-friendly
shoe industry where cork platforms are typically mixed with latex to form the
shoe-bed. Vytex NRL provides a compelling green and health story for these niche
manufacturers and consumers.
The
thread market is very attractive to Vystar and has the potential to become a
large sector as the dollar volumes are significant even with a very small
percentage of the market converting to Vytex NRL if adopted by one of the large,
international textile manufacturers (Hanes, Fruit of the Loom) or thread
producer like World Flex Public Company, a leading manufacturer of extruded
rubber threads. Vystar may be able to introduce the Vytex NRL brand similarly to
the existing branded products. Vystar has identified key thread, clothing and
shoe manufacturers and is actively pursuing them.
Catheters*
* Data
cited in this section was obtained from Frost & Sullivan’s 2005 report on
the U.S. Medical Catheter Markets, available by subscription.
The
catheter market is a high growth segment due to the aging population around the
world with increasing incidences of urinary incontinence, chronic cardiovascular
and cancer-related diseases, and to the evolution of medicine in finding
alternative non-invasive techniques to treat patients, which in many cases
utilize catheters, particularly with respect to cardiac procedures. There are 4
main catheter products: coronary or cardiovascular, renal or urinary,
neurovascular (used to infuse or remove drugs or fluids from the body parts) and
infusion or venous access (used to infuse or remove drugs or fluids from the
body’s general circulation). There are also a number of specialty catheters used
in pulmonary, neonatal, central nervous system and epidural tissue
procedures.
Western
Europe has 18 of the 19 countries with the highest percentage of the global
aging population with the U.S. being the nineteenth. There were 68.2 million
people in Western Europe over the age of 65 in 2005, or 17% of that population.
This segment is estimated to increase to 25% of the population by the year 2030,
with a direct correlation to the increase in the age-related medical conditions.
Forty-one percent (41%) of all deaths in the EU were from cardiovascular
disease, and more than 50% of all deaths in the U.S. in 2003 were from heart
diseases or cancer. Add to this increased healthcare need the fact that the
current costs of treating vascular occlusive disease is a major concern and a
challenge for the European governments and healthcare providers, due in large
part to its burdensome costs.
The
primary materials used for catheters, in addition to NRL, are silicone rubber
and the thermoplastic elastomers like polyurethane and fluoropolymers. Natural
rubber latex’ largest competitive material for catheters is silicone. The
catheters and tubing make up the highest single source of medical silicone
products – about 32% of the entire medical silicone market (which is not
expected to change much through 2012). Two of the greatest perceived benefits of
using the silicone material for catheters are that silicone is non-allergenic
and provides greater patient comfort, due to its perceived compatibility with
antimicrobial coatings. In fact, the number one market driver of the silicone
catheters in the U.S., according to Frost and Sullivan, is the allergic reaction
to regular NRL catheters, and as a result, healthcare providers around the world
have been willing to pay the higher premium for the silicone catheters, due
solely to the allergic reactions to latex catheters and the litigation and other
claims that have occurred and are feared to result from using
latex.
However,
with the advent of Vytex NRL, these silicone marketing advantages no longer
exist. The virtually non-detectable active antigenic protein count of the Vytex
NRL eliminates the greatest advantage silicone had, which was its non-allergenic
nature. Since there is little to no advantage that silicone has over NRL in
terms of being compatible with antimicrobial coatings, and NRL is less that
one-half the cost of silicone, there would be little reason to use silicone in
place of Vytex NRL. In fact, even the independent Frost & Sullivan reports
indicate that a high restraint and an obstacle to growth of the silicone
catheter market are the higher costs of the silicone versions. Additionally,
there are certain lobbying groups that continue to push other materials instead
of silicone.
In 2005
the revenue for silicone catheters and tubing in Western Europe was €50M which
is estimated to translate to 34,399,120 units. The projections for 2006 and 2007
were for more than a 4% increase each year, and the projections for 2008 and
2009 include a 5.5% and 5.7% increase, respectively, with a jump in 2010 to 7%.
This amounts to approximately 38 million, 40 million, and 42 million units of
silicone catheters and tubing for Western Europe for each of the years 2008,
2009 and 2010, respectively. There is approximately 28 grams of NRL in each
catheter unit, and the pricing of silicone catheters and tubing amount to
approximately €3.0 to €8.0, or $4 to nearly $11 per pound – a significant
price increase over the current pricing for NRL or for Vytex NRL. The estimates
of unit usage in the U.S. for the same years of 2008, 2009 and 2010 for all
types of catheters include 36 million, 38 million, and 40 million
respectively.
The
healthcare market in both the U.S. and Western Europe is very cost sensitive,
with widespread adoption of cost-cutting, group purchasing and cost management
initiatives generally. Given this highly cost-conscious nature of the healthcare
markets in both the United States and Europe, it is very reasonable to predict
that within a year or two after regulatory approval, Vytex NRL could capture a
solid percentage of the silicone catheter market. Given these predictions, it is
anticipated that catheters made with Vytex NRL could be available for sale in
Western Europe towards the end of 2010, and towards the end of 2011 in the
U.S.
The other
measurable market share for catheters includes the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)
- made catheters, like polyurethane (TPU). Western Europe uses far more
catheters made of this TPE/TPU material than does the U.S. In Western Europe the
estimated projected volume in tonnes for this material for years 2008, 2009 and
2010 is between 5,000 to 6,000 tonnes.
Some of
the greatest obstacles in the use of TPU for catheters include the high cost of
creating a medical grade of TPE/TPU material, which in 2003 was priced between
$1.70 and $3.00 per pound. As discussed with silicone above, the greatest
advantage of using TPE/TPU was the non-allergenic nature of its material, which
is virtually eliminated with the Vytex NRL. Due to the high cost of the
manufacturing of and the negatively perceived toxic qualities of medical
device-grade TPE materials, Vystar reasonably believes it will capture a greater
percentage of the TPE catheter market sooner.
One of
the other competing materials for catheters, PVC, has been virtually eliminated
in the marketplace due to the environmental concerns, particularly those
containing di-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) as a plasticizer. NRL was used as an
alternative to PVC when these environmental issues became known.
The world
wide projections of catheters already made with NRL amount to 5,125 tonnes for
the year 2007. Taking a conservative average growth rate similar to the U.S. and
European silicone and TPE catheter markets, the NRL catheter market would
increase at an annual average of 5.5% from 2008 through 2010, resulting in NRL
usage of 5,407, 5,704 and 6,018 tonnes in each of those years. At 28 grams per
NRL catheter, this would translate to approximately 193 million, 203 million,
and 214 million units, respectively for each of the years 2008, 2009 and 2010.
Vystar reasonably predicts an even easier transition from existing NRL material
to Vytex NRL. Once regulatory approvals have been received products manufactured
with Vytex NRL can expect to enter the US market in late 2011.
Generally,
the catheter market is viewed as “relatively saturated”, and so the need for new
innovations is rather acute according to some industry experts. Despite the
saturation, the market is viewed as still dynamic enough and receptive to such
innovations. Given the greater ease of its entry into the medical device market
in Western Europe, as compared to the United States, the EU is one of our
initial target markets for promoting Vytex NRL for catheters.
Plan
of Operation & Funding Requirements
Vystar’s
forecasted spending requirements for the next nine to twelve months are expected
to be fully met by existing investment funds. Within the Company’s
operational plan several key milestones have been identified, however, Vystar
does not anticipate the costs associated with reaching these milestones to be
material or significant and are expected to be absorbed by the initial spending
forecast.
|
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Execution
of exclusive Distribution Agreement covering North America and Europe with
Centrotrade Minerals and Metal and Centrotrade Deutschland. See
“BUSINESS - Products and Services”.
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Design, conduct and publish a
human skin study conducted by the faculty of the Department of Dermatology
at a leading university to test the effect of Vytex NRL on latex allergic
patients (Type 1- Immediate, or IgE antibody-mediated
allergic
reactions).
|
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FDA
510(k) approval and clearance to market a Vytex NRL condom and medical
exam glove.
|
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·
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Expansion
of Vytex NRL production to meet the needs of the manufacturer of foam,
adhesives and certain medical
devices.
|
Agreements
with Universal Capital Management, Inc.
Universal
Capital Management, Inc. (“UCM”) is a venture capital company that invests in
development stage, emerging growth and/or later stage companies where management
has no clear exit strategy and/or companies in need of supplemental management
skills, at times providing managerial, strategic and financial expertise to
those companies it believes have significant upside potential. UCM
invests in a variety of industries where its managers have direct experience or
the ability to call on colleagues and consultants who have such
experience. Specific industries include: Consumer Products, Business
Services, Healthcare Services, Medical devices and Nanotechnology. UCM may
invest in equity, equity-related securities, a combination of debt and equity
instruments as well as other beneficial ownership interest. These interests may
include warrants, options, and convertible or exchangeable securities. In
connection with UCM investments they will, from time to time, provide management
recruiting services, assist with the strategic planning process and provide
managerial assistance on issues such as personnel, real estate, marketing,
capital expenditures and other related matters. UCM may also provide
guidance for financial and tax reporting services for its portfolio companies as
well as cash management, treasury, auditing and other business
services.
On
January 31, 2008, the Company entered into a Management Agreement with Universal
Capital Management, Inc. ("UCM"), a publicly held business development company.
Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, Vystar engaged UCM to provide
management services and other assistance including strategic planning,
investment banking consultation and investor introduction services, and,
investor relations services, pursuant to which, the Company issued
UCM warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise
price of $0.01. These warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at or before
January 31, 2013. This agreement expired effective April 30, 2008.
On April
30, 2008, the Company entered into an additional management and agreement with
UCM pursuant to which UCM agreed to provide management services including
day-to-day managerial assistance on issues such as employment, payroll,
benefits, real estate leasing, utility utilization, capital expenditures,
personnel and other related matters, financial reporting services, tax reporting
services and accounts payable services. Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement,
UCM was issued warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock
at an exercise price of $2.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable in whole
or in part at or before April 30, 2013. In the event that the Company elects to
extend the Management Agreement for an additional year term beyond the first
year of the Agreement, the Company has agreed to issue additional warrants to
purchase 500,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per
share. This agreement was terminated by the Company effective April 30, 2009.
On August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an additional agreement with UCM whereby UCM
agreed to assist the Company in registering its shares publicly, securing market
makers and other similar services with respect to any FINRA application and OTC
Bulletin Board approval as well as provide management assistance with certain
responsibilities unique to a publicly held entity. In consideration for
these services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its common stock,
contingent upon the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part
becoming effective with respect to the distribution of such shares to the UCM
stockholders. That structure has been abandoned by the Company and accordingly,
that agreement has terminated in accordance with its terms.
Private
Placement
Vystar
completed a private placement of its common stock and warrants to purchase
common stock to accredited investors in May 2009. In the offering, the Company
issued 1,477,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $2.00 per share.
For each two (2) shares of common stock purchased, the investor received a
warrant to purchase one (1) share of our common stock at $1.00 per share for a
period of two (2) years from the date of issue.
GOVERNMENT
REGULATION
In the
United States, healthcare and many food and food-based packaging products are
subject to regulation by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA). Management believes that Vystar is not itself subject to
regulation by the FDA due to the fact that it does not manufacture a finished
medical device or other product, but only provides Vytex NRL as a component or
raw material to healthcare or other product manufacturers. However,
there will be FDA regulation of the labeling of healthcare and food-based
packaging products that are produced with Vytex NRL. Additionally, the FDA
prohibits the use of the term “hypoallergenic” on any natural rubber latex
product it regulates. In order to make any such claim, the latex
product manufacturer must seek a waiver from the FDA of such regulatory
prohibitions. Commentary by the FDA in its guidance documents and
other rulings indicate that the prohibition on the use of the “hypoallergenic”
label is based, at least in part, on the fact that, although the use of the term
“hypoallergenic” in such labeling may be intended to indicate that the risk of
allergic reaction to residual levels of processing chemicals has been reduced,
consumers may interpret the labeling to mean that the risk of allergic reactions
to any component in the device would be minimal. Thus the
hypoallergenic label is deemed misleading. There can be no assurance,
however, that we will succeed in securing FDA approval for any claim regarding
the “hypoallergenic” or reduced allergy potential of latex produced with the
Vytex NRL process. Failure to secure, if required, such FDA approval,
could delay or otherwise detrimentally affect our introduction to natural rubber
latex healthcare and/or food packaging products regulated by the
FDA. Notwithstanding, the medical or food packaging manufacturer will
be able to use the Vytex NRL trademark on its label if size permits to
indicate only that the Vytex NRL component was used in the production of the
healthcare product, and no further claim is asserted. We believe that
we will be able to provide sufficient testing data to the FDA to support our
claim with respect to the natural rubber latex antigenic proteins present in
Vytex NRL.
MANAGEMENT
Our
executive officers and directors and their respective ages and positions as
of June 30, 2009, are as follows:
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
Title
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
51
|
|
Chairman
of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer (3)
|
Sandra
G. Parker
|
|
54
|
|
Executive
Vice President, Sales and Marketing
|
Matthew
P. Clark
|
|
35
|
|
Vice
President, Technical Services
|
Linda
S. Hammock
|
|
58
|
|
Acting
Chief Financial Officer
|
J.
Douglas Craft
|
|
45
|
|
Director
(1)(2)(3)
|
W.
Dean Waters
|
|
43
|
|
Director
(1)(2)
|
Mitsy
Y. Mangum
|
|
45
|
|
Director (1)
|
(1)
Member of the
Audit Committee.
(2)
Member of the
Compensation Committee.
(3)
Member of the
Executive Committee.
Set forth
below is biographical information concerning executive officers,
other officers, directors and advisors:
Executive
Officers
William R. Doyle, Chairman of the
Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
, joined Vystar in 2004 as
Vice President Sales& Marketing. He became President and Chief
Operating Officer in December 2005. He became Chairman of the Board,
President and Chief Executive Officer of Vystar in March 2008, upon Mr.
Honeycutt’s retirement. Prior to that, Mr. Doyle served as Vice
President of Marketing, Women’s Health, for Matria Healthcare, Inc., a disease
management company, from 1999 to 2004. Mr. Doyle spearheaded the
initial branding efforts at Matria as well as held responsibility for sales
development, training, public relations, and marketing. He has worked in many
aspects of healthcare industry for over twenty years encompassing manufacturing,
sales, marketing and advertising. In addition to Matria, he has experience with
such companies as Isolyser Company, Inc., McGaw, Inc., Lederle Laboratories (now
Wyeth), and in an advertising capacity for Novartis Ophthalmics. Mr. Doyle is a
member of the Board of Directors of the Georgia Chapter of the March of Dimes.
He holds a Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry from Penn State University and
Master of Business Administration from Pepperdine University.
Sandra Parker, Executive Vice
President, Sales And Marketing,
brings over 25 years of extensive
management experience to Vystar in business development, strategic planning,
sales and marketing with the leading distribution, hospital, manufacturing,
group purchasing and trade association companies in the healthcare
industry. Ms. Parker most recently served as senior manager for
Kimberly-Clark Healthcare where she was the architect for their expansion
into non-hospital markets from 1999 to 2008. She
currently serves as Chair of Professional Women in Healthcare, a national
organization of women executives. She is a graduate of the Jackson
School of Nursing in Miami.
Matthew P. Clark, Vice President
Technical Services
, has been an executive officer of Vystar since
December 2006, and is responsible for day-to-day Vystar operations as well as
IP, trademark and product development. Mr. Clark was an employee of Reactive
Energy, LLC from January 2000 to October 2008, and thereafter joined
Vystar as Vice President of Administration. A co-patent holder on the
process to reduce the allergenicity of natural rubber latex prior to
vulcanization, Mr. Clark is a key company contact for latex industry leaders. He
is co-author of four technical papers, “Technological and Physical Properties of
a New, Low Antigenic Protein Natural Rubber Latex”, “The Business Aspects of
Vytex, an Ultra Low Protein Natural Rubber Latex”, “Vytex
Ô
Natural Rubber
Latex: A Proposed Industry Standard for the Manufacture of Commercial Natural
Rubber Products”, and “Vytex
Ô
Natural Rubber
Latex: An Innovative Source Material for Natural Rubber Products Prior to
Vystar, he had supervisory roles at Isolyser from 1995 to 2000 and
Globe Ticket and Label Company thereafter. He is a graduate of Gwinnett
Technical Institute.
Linda S. Hammock, Acting Chief
Financial Officer,
has been Vystar’s Acting Chief Financial Officer
since
September
2007. She has more than 25 years of experience in accounting and
financial management and has spent the past 12 years providing consulting
services to companies as a part-time CFO and/or controller. For the
past three years, Ms. Hammock has been affiliated with Accounting
Professionals Network, a provider of professional financial management to
companies not requiring it on a full-time basis. Prior to that, she provided
part-time CFO and/or controller services through Linda S. Hammock, CPA, as well
as through Resources Connection (now Resources Global Professionals) and
Callaway Partners (now Huron Consulting Group). She has served as an
executive officer with companies in the health care and banking industries.
Hammock holds a Master of Accountancy degree from the University of Georgia, is
a Certified Public Accountant, and a member of the American Institute of CPAs
and the Georgia Society of CPAs.
Dawn E. Ely, JD, General Counsel and
Chief Legal Officer,
has been Vystar’s acting Chief Legal Officer since
April 2006. She has more than 17 years of healthcare and technology
law experience, most of which has been as an in-house attorney simultaneously
managing legal and operational divisions of small, large, public, private,
venture-backed and governmental organizations. Ms. Ely was employed by Agfa
Corporation from September 2000 to December 2004. Thereafter, Ms.
Ely served as the Interim General Counsel of Coloplast Corp., the regional
headquarters of an international medical device company from June 2006 to
December 2006 which partially coincided with her part-time work as Vystar’s
Chief Legal Officer. She has also served as chief counsel imaging division,
global regulatory counsel healthcare, and regional head of regulatory affairs
and quality assurance organizations for Agfa and its Americas regional
headquarters, serving as the global regulatory expert, strategist and legal
counsel for the medical device business, which included product licensing,
labeling, marketing, good manufacturing practices and privacy/security
regulations. Prior to this, Ms. Ely served as the Vice President of Legal &
Administrative Affairs for a venture-backed disease management company,
ProMedex, Inc. also managing the human resources department and creating the
legal strategy for the company, as well as handling all legal and contractual
matters. She is a dual-majored, distinguished honors major B.A. graduate of the
University of Virginia, and earned her law degree at Mercer University in Macon,
Ga.
Directors
J. Douglas Craft, Director
,
joined Vystar’s Board of Directors in October 2006. Since1983, Mr.
Craft has been the founder and chief executive officer of Atlanta-based
Medicraft Inc., one of the largest independent distributors for Medtronic Spinal
Products worldwide. Mr. Craft has more than 25 years experience in the medical
device arena and holds a biomedical engineering degree from Mississippi State
University.
Mitsy Y. Mangum, Director,
joined Vystar’s Board of Directors in October 2008. From July
2004 to July 2009, Ms. Mangum was a Vice President-Investments,
Financial Advisor WMS, RPC with Raymond James & Associates in the Atlanta
area. Ms. Mangum is an accomplished investment professional with over 22 years
of financial service and industry experience both from the retail side as well
as the institutional side. Ms. Mangum maintains an in-depth knowledge of the
financial markets, professional money management and managing portfolios. She
has a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration / Management from College
of Charleston.
W. Dean Waters, Director,
joined Vystar’s Board of Directors in October 2008. Mr. Waters joined
Commerce Street Capital’s bank development group as a Senior Vice President in
August of 2008 and is responsible for helping community bank management teams
raise capital for initial and primary offerings. Prior to joining Commerce
Street Capital, Mr. Waters was the Managing Partner and Founder of Poseidon
Capital Investments, LLC, a lease finance consulting and futures trading firm
based in Atlanta, GA . He was also Senior Vice President, Director and one of
the founding members of the Capital Markets Group within GMAC Commercial
Finance’s Equipment Finance Division. Before that, he was Managing Director of
equity distributions of Bank of America Leasing & Capital Group. He
received a Bachelor of Science in Economics from East Carolina University in
Greenville, N.C., and earned an M.B.A., with honors, from Wake Forest University
in Winston-Salem, N.C. Mr. Waters holds a FINRA Series 62 and 63 securities
license.
Advisors
Seth Goldberg, Special Advisor to
the Board
, is responsible for assisting Vystar in developing regulatory
strategies to bring Vytex NRL to market. Goldberg has been a partner in the
Washington D.C. based law firm of Steptoe & Johnson since 1985. Mr.
Goldberg’s law practice focuses on chemical and environmental regulation, with
principal clients including multinational companies and national trade
associations. Mr. Goldberg frequently assists clients in developing regulatory
strategies to bring products to market and minimize the impact of government
regulation. Mr. Goldberg received a B.A. from the State University of New York
in Binghamton and a J.D. from Stanford Law School.
Mark C. Swanson, Technical Advisor,
is an immunochemist of 30 years working for the Mayo Foundation,
Rochester, MN. He graduated in 1978 from St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud,
MN with degrees in bio-medical science and chemistry. He founded Quan-Tec-Air,
Inc. in 1985. The company is dedicated to the quantification of asthmagenic
bio-aerosols using specialized sampling, filtration and immunoassay techniques.
The combination of air sampling expertise and de novo immunoassay design and
implementation makes him a unique and valuable resource for
immuno-aero-biological health hazard assessment. He is contacted frequently by
industry and agencies interested in evaluating workplace bio-aerosols and their
remedies.
Catharine Carole Calkins Burke,
Ph.D., Technical Advisor,
Skilled biomedical researcher capable of
analyzing experiments, data, and information; creative and resourceful in
generating ideas and solving problems; recognized by colleagues, peers and
professors for initiating and developing ideas within the scope of defined
projects, while ensuring quality of work. Dr. Calkins holds a Ph.D.
degree in Pharmacology from Wayne State University and Bachelors of Science
degree in Chemistry/Biochemistry from San Jose State
University.
Vystar Technical Advisory
Board.
The Vystar Technical Advisory Board is comprised of many leading
healthcare experts involved in the ongoing development and implementation of
Vytex NRL. The board members include professionals from large healthcare
purchasing groups, RNs and surgeons. The board ensures that the ever-changing
needs of the healthcare community are addressed.
Board
Composition and Election of Directors
Our board
of directors currently consists of four members. There are no family
relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. In accordance
with the terms of our bylaws, our board of directors is composed of one class.
As a result, our entire board of directors will be elected each year at our
annual meeting of shareholders.
Our
bylaws provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by
resolution of our board of directors. Any vacancy on our board of directors,
including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of our board of directors, may
be filled by vote of a majority of our directors then in office. There is
currently one vacancy on our board of directors.
Director
Independence
Under
Rule 4350 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules, independent directors must
comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors within one year of
listing. In addition, Nasdaq Marketplace Rules require that, subject to
specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and
nominating and governance committees be independent. While Vystar does not
currently qualify for listing on Nasdaq and will likely not qualify for some
time after the date of this prospectus, it does intend to seek such listing as
soon as possible and will comply with its Marketplace Rules immediately. Audit
committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in
Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Under
Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15), a director will only qualify as an
“independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors,
that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise
of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In
order to be considered to be independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a
member of an audit committee of a public company may not, other than in his or
her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any
other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting,
advisory, or other compensatory fee from the public company or any of its
subsidiaries; or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any
of its subsidiaries.
In
September 2008, our board of directors undertook a review of its composition,
the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based
upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or
her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our
board of directors has determined that none of Messrs. Craft or Waters or
Ms. Mangum, representing three of our four directors, has a relationship
that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out
the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is
“independent” as that term is defined under Nasdaq Marketplace
Rule 4200(a)(15). Our board of directors also determined that
Messrs. Craft, Waters and Ms. Mangum, who comprise our audit committee,
satisfy the independence standards for those committees established by
applicable SEC rules and the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. In making this
determination, our board of directors considered the relationships that each
non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances
our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence,
including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee
director.
Board
Committees
Our board
of directors has established an executive committee, an audit committee
and a compensation committee. Each committee will operate under a charter
that will be approved by our board of directors.
Executive
Committee
The
members of the Executive Committee are Messrs. Doyle and Craft. Mr. Doyle chairs
the Executive Committee.
The role
of Vystar’s Executive Committee is to oversee operations of the Board and
personnel matters and if necessary, to act on behalf of the Board during
on-demand activities that occur between meetings (these acts are later presented
for full board review). Working on behalf of the full Board of Directors, this
Committee will provide an opportunity for detailed examination of current policy
issues facing Vystar, develop policy recommendations for consideration by the
Board, and provide general oversight for the overall direction and operations of
Vystar.
Audit
Committee
The
members of our audit committee are Messrs. Craft and Waters, and Ms. Mangum.
Mr. Waters chairs the audit committee. Our board of directors has
determined that each audit committee member satisfies the requirements for
financial literacy under the current requirements of the Nasdaq Marketplace
Rules. Mr. Waters is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined by SEC
rules and satisfies the financial sophistication requirements of The NASDAQ
Global Market. Our audit committee assists our board of directors in its
oversight of our accounting and financial reporting process and the audits of
our financial statements. The audit committee’s responsibilities
include:
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·
|
appointing, approving the
compensation of, and assessing the independence of our independent
registered public accounting
firm;
|
|
·
|
overseeing the work of our
independent registered public accounting firm, including through the
receipt and consideration of reports from such
firm;
|
|
·
|
reviewing and discussing with
management and the independent registered public accounting firm our
annual and quarterly financial statements and related
disclosures;
|
|
·
|
monitoring our internal control
over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures and code of
business conduct and ethics;
|
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·
|
discussing our risk management
policies;
|
|
·
|
establishing policies regarding
hiring employees from the independent registered public accounting firm
and procedures for the receipt and resolution of accounting related
complaints and concerns;
|
|
·
|
meeting independently with our
independent registered public accounting firm and
management;
|
|
·
|
reviewing and approving or
ratifying any related person
transactions; and
|
|
·
|
preparing the audit committee
report required by SEC
rules.
|
All audit
and non-audit services, other than de minimus non-audit services, to be
provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm must be
approved in advance by our audit committee.
Compensation
Committee
The
members of our compensation committee are Messrs. Craft and Waters.
Mr. Waters chairs the compensation committee. The compensation committee’s
responsibilities include:
|
·
|
annually reviewing and approving
corporate goals and objectives relevant to chief executive officer
compensation;
|
|
·
|
determining our chief executive
officer’s compensation;
|
|
·
|
reviewing and approving, or
making recommendations to our board of directors with respect to, the
compensation of our other executive
officers;
|
|
·
|
overseeing an evaluation of our
senior executives;
|
|
·
|
overseeing and administering our
cash and equity incentive
plans;
|
|
·
|
reviewing and making
recommendations to our board of directors with respect to director
compensation;
|
|
·
|
reviewing and discussing annually
with management our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” disclosure
required by SEC
rules; and
|
|
·
|
preparing the compensation
committee report required by SEC
rules.
|
Compensation
Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of
our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or
compensation committee, or other committee serving an equivalent function, of
any entity that has one or more executive officers who serve as members of our
board of directors or our compensation committee. None of the members of our
compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company, nor have they
ever been an officer or employee of our company.
Code
of Business Conduct and Ethics
We will
adopt a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our
employees, officers and directors, including those officers responsible for
financial reporting. The code of business conduct and ethics will be available
on our website at www.vytex.com shortly after the date of this
prospectus. Any amendments to the code, or any waivers of its
requirements, will be disclosed on our website.
Director
Compensation
Since our
formation, we have not paid cash compensation to any director for his service as
a director. However, we have historically reimbursed our non-employee directors
for reasonable travel and other expenses incurred in connection with attending
board of director and committee meetings.
Our
president and chief executive officer has not received any compensation in
connection with his service as a director. The compensation that we pay to our
president and chief executive officer is discussed in the “Executive
Compensation” section of this prospectus.
The
following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by our
non-employee directors during 2006-2008 for Mr. Craft, and for 2008 for Dr.
Allegra, a former director, Mr. Waters and Ms. Mangum.
Name
|
|
Fees
Earned
or Paid in
Cash
|
|
|
Option
Awards
(1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Douglas
Craft(2)
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
78,642
|
|
|
$
|
78,642
|
|
Joseph
C. Allegra, MD(3)
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
35,981
|
|
|
$
|
35,981
|
|
W.
Dean Waters (4)
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
10,715
|
|
|
$
|
10,715
|
|
Mitsy
Y. Mangum (4)
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
10,715
|
|
|
$
|
10,715
|
|
(1)
|
Represents
the dollar amount of share-based compensation expense recognized for
financial statement reporting purposes pursuant to SFAS 123R during 2006
through December 31, 2008, except that such amounts do not reflect an
estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. The
assumptions used by us with respect to the valuation of option grants are
set forth in Note 8 to our financial statements included elsewhere in
this prospectus.
|
(2)
|
Represents
warrants to purchase 180,000 shares of our common stock with a weighted
average exercise price of $1.14 per
share.
|
(3)
|
Represents warrants
to purchase 60,000 shares of our common stock with a weighted average
exercise price of $1.42 per share. Dr. Allegra resigned as a member of our
board of directors on June 17, 2009.
|
(4)
|
Represents warrants
to purchase 20,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of
$1.63 per share.
|
Executive
Compensation
Compensation
Discussion and Analysis
Overview
Our
compensation committee was recently elected by our board of directors. Going
forward, the compensation committee of our board of directors will oversee our
executive compensation program. In this role, the compensation committee will
review and approve annually all compensation decisions relating to our named
executive officers. Our historical executive compensation programs were
developed and implemented by our board of directors consistent with practices of
other venture-backed, privately-held companies. Prior to this offering, our
compensation programs, and the process by which they were developed, were less
formal than that typically employed by a public company. During this time, our
board of directors generally benchmarked our executive compensation on an
informal basis by comparing our executives’ compensation to our estimates of
executive compensation paid by companies in our industry and region that are
also comparable to us in size, revenue, financial condition and capital
investment. We refer to this group as our private company peer group. The board
of directors and the compensation committee intend to continue to formalize
their approach to the development and implementation of our executive
compensation programs.
Objectives
and Philosophy of Our Executive Compensation Programs
Our
compensation committee’s primary objectives with respect to executive
compensation are to:
|
·
|
attract, retain and motivate
talented executives;
|
|
·
|
promote the achievement of key
financial and strategic performance measures by linking short- and
long-term cash and equity incentives to the achievement of measurable
corporate and, in some cases, individual performance
goals; and
|
|
·
|
align the incentives of our
executives with the creation of value for our
stockholders.
|
To achieve these
objectives, the compensation committee will evaluate our executive compensation
program with the goal of setting compensation at levels the committee believes
are competitive with those of our private company peer group. In addition, our
executive compensation program will tie a substantial portion of each
executive’s overall compensation to key strategic, financial and operational
goals such as our financial and operational performance, the growth of our
customer base, new development initiatives and the establishment and maintenance
of key strategic relationships. We will also provide a portion of our executive
compensation in the form of stock options that vest over time, which we believe
helps to retain our executives and aligns their interests with those of our
shareholders by allowing them to participate in the longer term success of our
company as reflected in stock price appreciation.
We
compete with many other companies for executive personnel. Accordingly, the
compensation committee will generally target overall compensation for executives
to be competitive with that of our private company peer group. Variations to
this targeted compensation may occur depending on the experience level of the
individual and market factors, such as the demand for executives with similar
skills and experience.
Components
of Our Executive Compensation Program
The
primary elements of our executive compensation program will be:
·
base
salary;
·
cash
incentive bonuses;
·
equity
incentive awards;
·
change
of control benefits; and
·
insurance,
retirement and other employee benefits and compensation.
We do not
have any formal or informal policy or target for allocating compensation between
long-term and short-term compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation or
among the different forms of non-cash compensation. Instead, our compensation
committee will establish these allocations for each executive officer on an
annual basis. Our compensation committee will establish cash compensation
targets based primarily upon informal benchmarking data, such as comparing the
compensation of our executives to companies in our private company peer group,
as well as the performance of our company as a whole and of the individual
executive and executive team as a whole. Our compensation committee will
establish non-cash compensation based upon this informal benchmarking data, the
performance of our company as a whole and of the individual executive and
executive team as a whole, the executives’ equity ownership percentage and the
amount of their equity ownership that is vested equity. We believe that the
long-term performance of our business is improved through the grant of
stock-based awards so that the interests of our executives are aligned with the
creation of value for our shareholders.
Summary
Compensation Table
The
following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by our
chairman and chief executive officer, our former chairman and chief executive
officer and two other executive officers during 2006, 2007 and 2008. We refer to
these executive officers (other than Mr. Honeycutt, our former chairman and
chief executive officer) as our “named executive officers” elsewhere in this
prospectus. As discussed above, prior to the date hereof, our Board
of Directors developed and implemented compensation consistent with practices of
other venture-backed, privately-held companies. During such period
and until April 2008, none of our executive officers had formal employment
agreements. As such, our compensation programs, and the process by
which they were developed, were less formal than that typically employed by a
public company. Rather, our Board of Directors generally determined
the compensation of our executive officers on an informal basis by comparing
such compensation to their estimates of executive compensation paid by
comparable companies.
Options
granted to our executive officers generally provided for vesting of such option
over a period of time. All options granted to William R. Doyle and
Matthew P. Clark have vested. 50,000 of such options granted to
Sandra Parker vested upon grant, and the remainder vest at a rate of 50,000 on
each of April 1, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
Option
|
|
|
All Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salary
|
|
|
Awards
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Name
and Principal Position
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)(1)
|
|
|
($)(2)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
William
R. Doyle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
169,519
|
|
|
$
|
1,172,747
|
|
|
$
|
2,283
|
|
|
$
|
1,344,549
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
168,750
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
2,422
|
|
|
$
|
171,172
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
154,808
|
|
|
$
|
154,909
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
309,717
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Travis
Honeycutt (3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Former
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
20,914
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
2,904
|
|
|
$
|
23,818
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
196,875
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
12,574
|
|
|
$
|
209,449
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
136,859
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
9,541
|
|
|
$
|
146,400
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sandra
Parker (4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive
Vice
President, Sales and Marketing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
126,750
|
|
|
$
|
147,134
|
|
|
$
|
4,370
|
|
|
$
|
278,254
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matthew
P. Clark
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vice
President, Technical Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
70,659
|
|
|
$
|
167,535
|
|
|
$
|
16,308
|
|
|
$
|
254,501
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
75,833
|
|
|
$
|
30,388
|
|
|
$
|
16,327
|
|
|
$
|
122,549
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
60,577
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
8,943
|
|
|
$
|
69,520
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linda
S. Hammock (5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acting
Chief Financial Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
(1)
|
Valuation
of these options is based on the dollar amount of share-based compensation
recognized for financial statement reporting purposes pursuant to
SFAS 123R with respect to 2007, except that such amounts do not
reflect an estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting
conditions. The assumptions used by us with respect to the valuation of
option grants are set forth in Note 8 to our financial statements
included elsewhere in this prospectus. The individual awards reflected in
this summary compensation table are further summarized below under
“Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year
End.”
|
(2)
|
Amounts
consist of medical, life insurance and disability insurance premiums paid
by us on behalf of the named executive
officer.
|
(3)
|
Mr. Honeycutt resigned as
chairman and chief executive officer of Vystar in March,
2008.
|
(4)
|
Ms. Parker was not an employee in
2006 or 2007.
|
(5)
|
Ms.
Hammock is an employee of Accounting Professional Network ("APN"), a
provider of professional financial management services to companies. The
Company is billed by APN on a periodic basis for Ms. Hammock's services.
APN was paid $69,888 and $6,070 in 2008 and 2007, respectively, for Ms.
Hammock's services.
|
Employment
Agreements
On
November 11, 2008, Vystar entered into an Employment Agreement with William R.
Doyle to continue to serve as Vystar’s President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors. The term of the Agreement is effective until
terminated by either party in accordance with the terms of the Agreement. Under
the Agreement, Mr. Doyle receives a base salary of $185,000 per year, as such
base salary may be adjusted by the Board of Directors, and an annual bonus equal
to a maximum of 125% of Mr. Doyle’s base salary based on the success of the
Company in meeting its objectives, as determined by the Board of Directors;
provided, that no cash bonus is payable to Mr. Doyle on any date unless he is
employed by the Company on that date. The amount of the annual bonus is
determined by the Board of Directors based on the percentage of achievement of
the stated company objectives, which have not been finalized as of the date of
this prospectus. Notwithstanding, if the Company does not meet at least 90% of
its stated objectives, the Board of Directors may choose not to award Mr. Doyle
any portion of his annual bonus in the sole and complete discretion of the
Board, which may include either no bonus or some other amount the Board chooses,
not to exceed the 125%. The effective date of the annual bonus calculation is
the Company’s fiscal year-end and is payable in one or more installments as
determined by the Board of Directors beginning in the first quarter of the
following fiscal year. Mr. Doyle’s Employment Agreement is terminable at will by
the Company for cause or without cause as defined in the Agreement. However, if
Mr. Doyle’s employment is terminated by Vystar without cause, Vystar is
obligated to pay Mr. Doyle compensation earned through the date of termination
plus a severance payment equal to six (6) months base salary from the date of
termination payable as if he had remained an employee of the Company, plus,
assuming Mr. Doyle complies with non-compete and non-solicitation covenants
contained in the Employment Agreement, an amount equal to 75% of Mr. Doyle’s
base salary amount for the one (1) year period after the date of termination. If
Mr. Doyle is terminated for cause or he terminates the Employment Agreement
without cause, he is only entitled to compensation accrued through the date of
termination.
On
April 1, 2008, Vystar entered into an Employment Agreement with Sandra Parker to
serve as Vystar’s Executive Vice President Sales and Marketing.
The
Employment Agreement was amended on July 1, 2009.
The term of the
Agreement continues unless a party gives the other party notice of intent to not
renew 90 days prior to each annual anniversary date, unless earlier terminated
as described below. Under the Agreement, Ms. Parker receives a base salary of
$125,000 per year plus, if earned, a bonus
based on
Ms. Parker’s sales quotas from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010. Such base salary
and sales quotas may be adjusted from year-to-year. Further, Ms. Parker is
entitled to a monthly bonus of 1% of Total Raw Material Revenue, if any, and 2%
of the Total License Revenue, if any.
Ms. Parker was granted a total of
200,000 stock options at an exercise price of $1.00 per share, 50,000 of which
vested immediately upon execution of the Employment Agreement and 50,000 of
which vest on each of the next three anniversaries of the Employment
Agreement. Ms. Parker’s Employment Agreement is terminable at will by the
Company for cause or without cause as defined in the Agreement. However, if Ms.
Parker’s employment is terminated by Vystar without cause, Vystar is obligated
to pay Ms. Parker compensation earned through the date of termination plus a
severance payment equal to three (3) months base salary
plus any
earned commissions or bonuses,
plus employee benefits from the date of
termination payable as if she had remained an employee of the Company. If Ms.
Parker is terminated for cause or she terminates the Employment Agreement
without cause, she is only entitled to compensation through the date of
termination.
No other
officers of the Company are parties to Employment Agreements.
Outstanding
Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The
following table sets forth certain information with respect to the value of all
unexercised options previously awarded to our named executive officers as of
December 31, 2008:
Name
|
|
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Exercisable
(#)
|
|
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Unexercisable
(1)(#)
|
|
Equity Incentive
Plan Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
|
|
Options
Exercise
Price ($)
|
|
Option
Expiration
Date
|
William R. Doyle
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
12/2/2014
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
4/28/2015
|
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
10/1/2016
|
|
|
|
1,750,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
2/11/2018
|
Matthew
P. Clark
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
1/1/2017
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
2/11/2018
|
Sandra
Parker
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
150,000
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
4/1/2018
|
(1)
|
The
remaining unvested portion of the option grants to Sandra Parker vest
50,000 each on April 1, 2009, 2010 and
2011.
|
2004
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan
Our 2004
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended, which we refer to as the 2004
Plan, was adopted by our board of directors in 2004 and amended in 2009. A
maximum of 10,000,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under
the 2004 Plan.
The 2004
Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock
options, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. Our officers, employees,
consultants and directors are eligible to receive awards under the 2004 Plan;
however, incentive stock options may only be granted to our employees. In
accordance with the terms of the 2004 Plan, our board of directors administers
the 2004 Plan and, subject to any limitations in the 2004 Plan, selects the
recipients of awards and determines:
|
·
|
the number of shares of common
stock covered by options and the dates upon which those options become
exercisable;
|
|
·
|
the exercise prices of
options;
|
|
·
|
the duration of
options;
|
|
·
|
the methods of payment of the
exercise price; and
|
|
·
|
the number of shares of common
stock subject to any restricted stock or other stock-based awards and the
terms and conditions of those awards, including the conditions for
repurchase, issue price and repurchase
price.
|
Pursuant
to the terms of the 2004 Plan, in the event of a change in control of our
company, each outstanding option under the 2004 Plan will vest, but the holders
shall have the right, assuming the holder still maintains a continuous service
relationship with us, immediately prior to such dissolution or liquidation, to
exercise the option to the extent exercisable on the date of such dissolution or
liquidation.
In the
event of a merger or other reorganization event, our board of directors shall
have the discretion to provide for any or all of the following: (a) the
acceleration of vesting or the termination of our repurchase rights of any or
all of the outstanding awards, (b) the assumption or substitution of all
options by the acquitting or succeeding entity or (c) the termination of
all options that remain outstanding at the time of the merger or other
reorganization event.
401(k)
Plan
We
maintain a tax-qualified retirement plan that provides all regular employees
with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. Under our
401(k) plan, participants may elect to defer a portion of their compensation on
a pre-tax basis and have it contributed to the plan subject to applicable annual
Internal Revenue Code limits. Pre-tax contributions are allocated to each
participant’s individual account and are then invested in selected investment
alternatives according to the participants’ directions. Employee elective
deferrals are fully vested at all times. The 401(k) plan allows for matching
contributions to be made by us. We currently match dollar for dollar on the
first three percent (3%) of compensation and $.50 on each dollar of the next two
percent (2%) of compensation. As a tax-qualified retirement plan, contributions
to the 401(k) plan and earnings on those contributions are not taxable to the
employees until distributed from the 401(k) plan and all contributions are
deductible by us when made.
LIMITATION
OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Articles
of Incorporation and Bylaws
As
permitted by Georgia law, provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws
limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors. Our articles of
incorporation and bylaws limit the liability of directors to the maximum extent
permitted by Georgia law. Georgia law provides that directors of a corporation
will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breaches of their
fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:
|
·
|
any breach of the director’s duty
of loyalty to us or our
shareholders;
|
|
·
|
any act or omission not in good
faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of
law;
|
|
·
|
any unlawful payments related to
dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other
distributions; or
|
|
·
|
any transaction from which the
director derived an improper personal
benefit.
|
These
limitations do not apply to liabilities arising under federal securities laws
and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies, including injunctive
relief or rescission. If Georgia law is amended to authorize the further
elimination or limiting of a director, then the liability of our directors will
be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Georgia law as so
amended.
As
permitted by Georgia law, our articles of incorporation and bylaws also provide
that:
|
·
|
we will indemnify our directors
and officers to the fullest extent permitted by
law;
|
|
·
|
we may indemnify our other
employees and other agents to the same extent that we indemnify our
officers and directors, unless otherwise determined by the board of
directors; and
|
|
·
|
we will advance expenses to our
directors and executive officers in connection with legal proceedings in
connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by
law.
|
The
indemnification provisions contained in our articles of incorporation and
bylaws are in addition to any other remedies that may be available in law or in
equity.
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
During
the three years ended December 31, 2006, Vystar made payments to Reactive
Energy, LLC, a company wholly-owned by Travis Honeycutt, the Company’s former
CEO, for management fees and contract services including office reimbursements.
At December 31, 2007, there was a balance due Reactive Energy, LLC of $36,453.
During 2006 and 2005, the Company advanced cash and made payments on behalf of
Climax Global Energy, Inc. (“Climax”), a company controlled by the Company’s
former CEO, in the amounts of $12,795 and $242,654, respectively. At December
31, 2007, the balance due from Climax was $240,409. Climax is in a pre-revenue,
research and development mode, and is in the process of raising capital through
a private placement memorandum. The Company expects to be reimbursed in full for
the balance, which is unsecured, but due to the uncertainty involved, management
has elected to reserve at December 31, 2007, approximately $120,000 of the
balance due from Climax. In August 2008, the Company entered into a Note
Agreement with Climax which specified the repayment terms of the
Note. The payment of the Climax Note triggers the Company’s
obligation for severance of its former CFO. At December 31, 2007 and
2006, the Company also has accrued severance of $81,250 payable to the Company’s
former CFO, Glen Smotherman. Mr. Smotherman has agreed to payment of this
liability beginning at the earlier of payment in full of the Climax receivable
or the Company’s achievement of specific sales goals. When payment begins, the
liability will be satisfied in 24 equal monthly payments.
In
February 2008, the Company’s former CEO surrendered 4,900,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock issued to him during 2004. These shares were returned to
the Company, thereby being available for reissuance and decreasing
the outstanding shares of the Company by 4,900,000 shares.
In March
2008, Travis Honeycutt, Founder and CEO, retired from the Company.
PRINCIPAL
SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth
information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of June
30, 2009 by:
|
·
|
each of our named executive
officers;
|
|
·
|
all of our directors and
executive officers as a
group; and
|
|
·
|
each person, or group of
affiliated persons, who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of
our voting securities.
|
The
“Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned” column is based on a total
of 12,655,274 shares of our common stock outstanding as of June 30,
2009.
Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC
and includes voting or investment power with respect to our common stock. Shares
of common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable
within 60 days of June 30, 2009 are considered outstanding and beneficially
owned by the person holding the options for the purpose of calculating the
percentage ownership of that person but not for the purpose of calculating the
percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons
and entities in this table have sole voting and investing power with respect to
all of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them, subject to
community property laws, where applicable. Except as otherwise set forth below,
the address of the beneficial owner is c/o Vystar Corporation, 3235 Satellite
Boulevard, Building 400, Suite 290, Duluth, Georgia 30096.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
|
|
Number of Shares
Beneficially Owned
|
|
|
Percentage of Shares
Beneficially Owned
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5%
Stockholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Travis
W. Honeycutt
Gainesville,
Ga
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
19.73
|
%
|
Margaret
S. Honeycutt
Gainesville,
GA
|
|
|
2,497,000
|
|
|
|
%
|
Universal
Capital Management, Inc.
2601
Annand Dr., #16
Wilmington,
DE 19808
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
(1)
|
|
10.90
|
%
|
Glen
Smotherman
Norcross,
GA
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
7.90
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors
and Executive Officers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
William
Doyle*
|
|
|
2,650,000
|
(2)
|
|
17.32
|
%
|
Matthew
Clark*
|
|
|
550,000
|
(3)
|
|
4.23
|
%
|
Sandra
Parker*
|
|
|
115,282
|
(4)
|
|
.90
|
%
|
Linda
S. Hammock*
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
J.
Douglas Craft (5)
|
|
|
270,000
|
|
|
2.10
|
%
|
Atlanta,
GA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.
Dean Waters (6)
|
|
|
184,334
|
|
|
1.45
|
%
|
Atlanta,
GA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mitsy
Y. Mangum (6)
|
|
|
85,000
|
|
|
.67
|
%
|
Atlanta,
GA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All
directors and officers (as a group)
|
|
|
3,854,616
|
|
|
23.93
|
%
|
*
Address for all asterisked is the Company headquarters at: 3235 Satellite Blvd.,
Bldg, 400, Ste 290, Duluth, GA 30096.
(1)
|
Includes
warrants to acquire 600,000 shares of common stock at $.01 per shares and
warrants to acquire 500,000 shares of common stock at $2.00 per
share.
|
(2)
|
Consists
of options to acquire 2,650,000 shares of common stock at $1.00 per
share.
|
(3)
|
Consists
of 200,000 shares of common stock owned directly and options to acquire
350,000 shares of common stock at $1.00 per
share.
|
(4)
|
Consists
of options and warrants to acquire shares of common stock at $1.00
per share.
|
(5)
|
Includes options
and warrants to acquire 220,000 shares of common stock at a weighted
average price of $1.23 per share.
|
(6)
|
Includes options
and warrants to acquire 60,000 shares of common stock at a exercise price
of $1.63 per share
|
DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK
The
following description of our capital stock and provisions of our articles of
incorporation and bylaws are summaries only, and they are qualified by reference
to complete versions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, copies of
which are available upon request.
Our
authorized capital stock consists of 50,000,000 shares of common stock, par
value $0.0001 per share, and 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par
value $0.0001 per share, all of which preferred stock is undesignated. Our board
of directors may establish the rights and preferences of the preferred stock
from time to time.
As of
June 30, 2009, there were 12,655,274 shares of common stock issued and
outstanding. As of June 30, 2009, there were 192 stockholders of record of
our capital stock.
Common
Stock
Holders
of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters
submitted to a vote of shareholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. An
election of directors by our shareholders shall be determined by a plurality of
the votes cast by the shareholders entitled to vote on the election. Holders of
common stock are entitled to receive proportionately any dividends as may be
declared by our board of directors, subject to any preferential dividend rights
of outstanding preferred stock.
In the
event of our liquidation or dissolution, the holders of common stock are
entitled to receive proportionately all assets available for distribution to
stockholders after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to
the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock
have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights,
preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to and may be
adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of
preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred
Stock
Our board
of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more
series without shareholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion
to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including
voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and
liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock.
The
purpose of authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock and
determine its rights and preferences is to eliminate delays associated with a
shareholder vote on specific issuances. The issuance of preferred stock, while
providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions, future
financings and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more
difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from
seeking to acquire, a majority of our outstanding voting stock. As of April 30,
2008, there are no shares of preferred stock outstanding, and we have no present
plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
Options
and Warrants
As of
March 31, 2009, options to purchase 3,400,000 shares of common stock and
warrants to purchase 2,808,356 shares of common stock, at a weighted-average
exercise price of $.97 per share were outstanding. The warrants and
options are not exercisable on a cashless basis, except for 375,282 warrants
and 3,200,000 options owned by officers and directors of the Company.
Shareholder
Action; Special Meeting of Shareholders; Advance Notice Requirements for
Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations
Our
articles of incorporation and our bylaws provide that any action required or
permitted to be taken by our shareholders at an annual meeting or special
meeting of shareholders may only be taken if it is properly brought before such
meeting and may not be taken by written action in lieu of a meeting. Our
articles of incorporation and our bylaws also provide that, except as otherwise
required by law, special meetings of the shareholders can only be called by our
chairman of the board, our president or chief executive officer or our board of
directors. In addition, our bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for
shareholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of shareholders,
including proposed nominations of candidates for election to the board of
directors. Shareholders at an annual meeting may only consider proposals or
nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by
or at the direction of the board of directors, or by a shareholder of record on
the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who
has delivered timely written notice in proper form to our secretary of the
shareholder’s intention to bring such business before the meeting. These
provisions could have the effect of delaying until the next shareholder meeting
shareholder actions that are favored by the holders of a majority of our
outstanding voting securities. These provisions also could discourage a third
party from making a tender offer for our common stock, because even if it
acquired a majority of our outstanding voting stock, it would be able to take
action as a shareholder, such as electing new directors or approving a merger,
only at a duly called shareholders meeting and not by written
consent.
Transfer
Agent and Registrar
The
transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be Island Capital
Management, LLC.
Over-the-Counter
Bulletin Board
We intend
to apply for approval for our shares of common stock to be traded on the
Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “
VNRL
.”
SHARES
ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to
this distribution and offering, there has been no market for our common stock,
and a liquid trading market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained
after this distribution and offering. Future sales of substantial amounts of our
common stock in the public market, including shares issued upon exercise of
outstanding options and warrants or in the public market after this offering, or
the anticipation of these sales, could adversely affect market prices prevailing
from time to time and could impair our ability to raise capital through sales of
equity securities.
Upon the
closing of this offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of
12,655,274 shares of common stock.
Rule 144
In
general, under Rule 144, beginning 90 days after the date of this
prospectus, a person who is not our affiliate and has not been our affiliate at
any time during the preceding three months will be entitled to sell any shares
of our common stock that such person has beneficially owned for at least six
months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our
affiliates, without regard to volume limitations. Sales of our common stock by
any such person would be subject to the availability of current public
information about us if the shares to be sold were beneficially owned by such
person for less than one year.
In
general, under Rule 144, a person may sell shares of our common stock
acquired pursuant to this prospectus immediately upon the distribution or
purchase of such shares, without regard to volume limitations or the
availability of public information about us, if the person is not our affiliate
and has not been our affiliate at any time during the preceding three
months.
Beginning
90 days after the date of this prospectus, our affiliates who have
beneficially owned shares of our common stock for at least six months, including
the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, would be
entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not
exceed the greater of:
|
·
|
1% of the number of shares of our
common stock then outstanding, which will equal approximately 125,517
shares immediately after this
offering; and
|
|
·
|
the average weekly trading volume
in our common stock on the OTC Bulletin Board or other national securities
exchange during the four calendar weeks preceding the date of filing of a
Notice of Proposed Sale of Securities Pursuant to Rule 144 with
respect to the sale.
|
Sales
under Rule 144 by our affiliates are also subject to manner of sale
provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public
information about us.
Rule 701
In
general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act, any of our employees,
consultants or advisors who purchased shares from us in connection with a
qualified compensatory stock plan or other written agreement is eligible to
resell these shares 90 days after the date of this prospectus in reliance
on Rule 144, but without compliance with the various restrictions,
including the availability of public information about us, holding period and
volume limitations, contained in Rule 144.
LEGAL
MATTERS
The
validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby is being passed upon for
us by Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Atlanta, Georgia.
EXPERTS
The financial
statements as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and for each of the two years
in the period ended December 31, 2008, and the period from February 2, 2000
(date of inception) to December 31, 2008 included in this Prospectus have
been audited by Tauber & Balser P.C., an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their report dated September 15,
2008 appearing herein and are included in reliance upon the report of such
firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing, and by
Habif, Arogeti & Wynne, LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm as stated in their report dated March 18, 2009 appearing herein
and are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their
authority as experts in accounting and auditing. On November 1, 2008, the
partners and staff of Tauber & Balser P.C. joined with Habif, Arogeti
& Wynne, LLP.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have
filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the
Securities Act with respect to the shares of common stock that are being offered
for resale. This prospectus, which constitutes part of the registration
statement, does not include all of the information contained in the registration
statement and the exhibits, schedules and amendments to the registration
statement. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, we
refer you to the registration statement and to the exhibits and schedules to the
registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus about the
contents of any contract, agreement or other document are not necessarily
complete, and, in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the contract,
agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.
Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this reference.
You may
read and copy the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part at
the SEC’s public reference room, which is located at 100 F Street,
N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. You can request copies of the
registration statement by writing to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying
cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the
operation of the SEC’s public reference room. In addition, the SEC maintains an
Internet website, which is located at http://www.sec.gov, that contains reports,
proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that
file electronically with the SEC. You may access the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s Internet website. Upon completion
of this offering, we will be subject to the information reporting requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and we will file reports, proxy
statements and other information with the SEC.
This
prospectus includes statistical data that were obtained from industry
publications. These industry publications generally indicate that the authors of
these publications have obtained information from sources believed to be
reliable but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of their
information. While we believe these industry publications to be reliable, we
have not independently verified their data.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
|
|
PAGE
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUDITED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REPORTS
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS
|
|
F-4
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE
SHEETS AT DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
|
|
F-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
AND 2007 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM
FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION)
TO DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’
EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007 AND
FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000
(INCEPTION) TO DECEMBER 31,
2008
|
|
F-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
AND 2007 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM
FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO
DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
F-10
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
F-11
|
|
|
|
|
|
UNAUDITED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE
SHEETS AT MARCH 31, 2009 AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
F-27
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2009 AND 2008
AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO
SEPTEMBER 30, 2008
|
|
F-28
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE THREE
MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2009 AND FOR THE PERIOD
FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO MARCH 31, 2009
|
|
F-29
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2009 AND 2008
AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO MARCH 31,
2009
|
|
F-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
F-32
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
|
|
PAGE
|
|
|
|
REPORTS
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS
|
|
F-4
|
|
|
|
BALANCE
SHEETS AT DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007
|
|
F-6
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007 AND FOR THE
PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
F-7
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007 AND
FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
F-8
- F-9
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 AND 2007 AND FOR THE
PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
F-10
|
|
|
|
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
F-11 – F-24
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board
of Directors and Stockholders
Vystar
Corporation
We have
audited the accompanying balance sheet of Vystar Corporation (a development
stage company (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008, and the related
statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then
ended and for the period from February 2, 2000 (date of inception) to December
31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audit.
We have
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The
Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its
internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included
consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no
such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our
opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Vystar Corporation as of December
31, 2008, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then
ended and for the period from February 2, 2000 (date of inception) to December
31, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America.
/s/
Habif, Arogeti & Wynne, LLP
Atlanta,
Georgia
March 18,
2009
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board
of Directors and Stockholders
Vystar
Corporation
We have
audited the accompanying balance sheet of Vystar Corporation (a development
stage company) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007, and the related
statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then
ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The
Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its
internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included
consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no
such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our
opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Vystar Corporation as of December
31, 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then
ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America.
/s/
Tauber & Balser, P.C.
Atlanta,
Georgia
September
15, 2008
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
BALANCE
SHEETS
|
|
December 31,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
956,655
|
|
|
$
|
573,177
|
|
Investments
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
44,938
|
|
|
|
23,078
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,217
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
1,812,810
|
|
|
|
651,255
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROPERTY
AND EQUIPMENT, NET
|
|
|
15,307
|
|
|
|
14,915
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party, net of current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
portion
shown above and allowance for uncollectible amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of
$120,205 at December 31, 2008 and 2007
|
|
|
17,744
|
|
|
|
80,204
|
|
Patents
and trademarks, net
|
|
|
83,570
|
|
|
|
42,147
|
|
Other
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
ASSETS
|
|
$
|
1,935,318
|
|
|
$
|
794,408
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
$
|
74,498
|
|
|
$
|
16,913
|
|
Accounts
payable - related party
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
129,155
|
|
|
|
150,654
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
240,106
|
|
|
|
204,020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LONG-TERM
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
12,574
|
|
|
|
15,730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
252,680
|
|
|
|
219,750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred
stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
none
issued and outstanding
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,951,774
and 15,148,320 shares issued and outstanding at
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2008 and 2007, respectively
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
|
|
1,515
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
10,466,302
|
|
|
|
4,699,545
|
|
Deferred
compensation
|
|
|
(18,384
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Deficit
accumulated during development stage
|
|
|
(8,766,475
|
)
|
|
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
1,682,638
|
|
|
|
574,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
$
|
1,935,318
|
|
|
$
|
794,408
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period From February 2,
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2000 (Inception) To
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
SALES
|
|
$
|
227
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
227
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COST
AND EXPENSE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
403,196
|
|
|
|
427,530
|
|
|
|
2,118,746
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
4,258,949
|
|
|
|
712,315
|
|
|
|
6,555,801
|
|
|
|
|
4,662,145
|
|
|
|
1,139,845
|
|
|
|
8,674,547
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOSS
FROM OPERATIONS
|
|
|
(4,661,918
|
)
|
|
|
(1,139,845
|
)
|
|
|
(8,674,320
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
INCOME (EXPENSE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
22,930
|
|
|
|
20,416
|
|
|
|
43,346
|
|
Provision
for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(120,205
|
)
|
|
|
(120,205
|
)
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(13,400
|
)
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
(1,031
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,842
|
)
|
Other
expense
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
LOSS
|
|
$
|
(4,640,073
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
|
$
|
(8,766,475
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss per Share
|
|
$
|
(0.40
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Weighted Average Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
Shares Outstanding
|
|
|
11,522,901
|
|
|
|
14,495,395
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
Number of
Shares
|
|
|
Common
Stock
</
fon
t>
|
|
|
Additional Paid-in
Capital
|
|
|
Stock
Subscription
Receivable
|
|
|
Deferred
Compensation
|
|
|
Deficit
Accumulated
During
Development
Stage
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Beginning
Balance, 2/2/00 (Inception)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founder of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
25,311
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/00
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
25,061
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(4,808
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/01
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
29,869
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(30,119
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,275
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(4,275
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/02
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
34,144
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock cancelled at merger of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
(2,500,000
|
)
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founders of Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
|
3,817
|
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/03
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
|
38,211
|
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
founders' shares of common stock issued
|
|
|
8,475,000
|
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
|
(847
|
)
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during 2004,
net of issuance costs of $74,833
|
|
|
692,000
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
617,098
|
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
607,167
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2004
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/04
|
|
|
11,992,000
|
|
|
|
1,199
|
|
|
|
660,330
|
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(534,548
|
)
|
|
|
116,981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during Jan
2005, net of issuance costs of $3,900
|
|
|
78,000
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
74,092
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
84,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share during 2005,
net of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash
|
|
|
795,674
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
1,112,173
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,112,253
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/05
|
|
|
12,865,674
|
|
|
|
1,287
|
|
|
|
1,929,587
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,800,471
|
)
|
|
|
130,403
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share
during 2006, net of issuance costs of $82,643 cash and $8,404 non-cash
|
|
|
823,131
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
1,143,569
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,143,651
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
19,000
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
9,498
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
9,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during September, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during October, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
5,999
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during December, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
36,486
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2006
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/06
|
|
|
13,760,295
|
|
|
$
|
1,377
|
|
|
$
|
3,342,600
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
457,209
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(CONTINUED)
|
|
Number of
Shares
|
|
|
Common
Stock
</
fon
t>
|
|
|
Additional Paid-in
Capital
|
|
|
Stock
Subscription
Receivable
|
|
|
Deferred
Compensation
|
|
|
Deficit
Accumulated
During
Development
Stage
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/06
|
|
|
13,760,295
|
|
|
$
|
1,377
|
|
|
$
|
3,342,600
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
457,209
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share
during 2007, net of issuance costs of $61,911 cash and $9,648 non-cash
|
|
|
597,501
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
824,632
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
824,692
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
757,399
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
379,374
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
379,450
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during January, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during February, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during March, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
14,199
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during April, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
9,924
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
|
15,148,320
|
|
|
|
1,515
|
|
|
|
4,699,545
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
|
|
574,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share during 2008,
net of issuance costs of $375 cash
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,125
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,125
|
|
Contribution
of founder's stock
|
|
|
(4,900,000
|
)
|
|
|
(490
|
)
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during March, 2008, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during April, 2008, valued at
$1.00/share, net of issuance costs of $4,080 non-cash
|
|
|
59,080
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
54,994
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during May, 2008, valued at $1.50/share
|
|
|
1,333
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during May, 2008, valued at $1.63/share
|
|
|
3,374
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
5,499
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during December, 2008, valued at
$2.00/share
|
|
|
10,500
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
20,999
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
21,000
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $2.00/share during 2008,
net of issuance costs of $91,371 cash and $17,162 non-cash
|
|
|
1,189,000
|
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
2,286,509
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,286,628
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants during 2008, net of issuance costs
of $7,317 cash
|
|
|
430,167
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
211,224
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
211,267
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,572,276
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,572,276
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2008, net of issuance costs of $21,916
non-cash
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,545,695
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,545,695
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Amortization
of deferred compensation during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,527,311
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,527,311
|
|
Forgiveness
of debt by founder
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
54,946
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
54,946
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(4,640,073
|
)
|
|
|
(4,640,073
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, December 31, 2008
|
|
|
11,951,774
|
|
|
$
|
1,195
|
|
|
$
|
10,466,302
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
(18,384
|
)
|
|
$
|
(8,766,475
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,682,638
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period From February 2,
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
2000 (Inception) To
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(4,640,073
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
|
$
|
(8,766,475
|
)
|
Adjustment
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
|
|
1,660,776
|
|
|
|
152,936
|
|
|
|
2,162,524
|
|
Provision
on related party note receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
120,205
|
|
|
|
120,205
|
|
Amortization
of deferred compensation
|
|
|
1,527,312
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,527,312
|
|
Forgiveness
of debt by founder
|
|
|
54,946
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
54,946
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
7,928
|
|
|
|
6,603
|
|
|
|
24,070
|
|
Amortization
|
|
|
2,991
|
|
|
|
2,384
|
|
|
|
8,852
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
13,400
|
|
(Increase)
decrease in assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
(50,374
|
)
|
|
|
(12,456
|
)
|
|
|
(81,650
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
13,783
|
|
|
|
(14,079
|
)
|
|
|
(10,893
|
)
|
Increase
(decrease) in liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
|
57,585
|
|
|
|
14,696
|
|
|
|
74,498
|
|
Accounts
payable - related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
(21,499
|
)
|
|
|
(71,851
|
)
|
|
|
129,155
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(3,156
|
)
|
|
|
(1,708
|
)
|
|
|
46,968
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(1,389,781
|
)
|
|
|
(1,042,904
|
)
|
|
|
(4,660,635
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase
of investment
|
|
|
(750,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(746,210
|
)
|
Advances
to related party - note receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(257,908
|
)
|
Proceeds
on related party note receivable
|
|
|
42,460
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
59,959
|
|
Cost
of patents and trademarks
|
|
|
(15,901
|
)
|
|
|
(12,802
|
)
|
|
|
(55,710
|
)
|
Purchase
of equipment
|
|
|
(8,320
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(52,778
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(731,761
|
)
|
|
|
(7,802
|
)
|
|
|
(1,052,647
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance
of common stock, net of issuance costs of $142,221, $71,559 and
$464,817 for the years ended December 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and from
inception to December 31, 2008, respectively
|
|
|
2,505,020
|
|
|
|
1,204,145
|
|
|
|
6,669,937
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
2,505,020
|
|
|
|
1,204,145
|
|
|
|
6,669,937
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
INCREASE IN CASH
|
|
|
383,478
|
|
|
|
153,439
|
|
|
|
956,655
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
- BEGINNING OF PERIOD
|
|
|
573,177
|
|
|
|
419,738
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
- END OF PERIOD
|
|
$
|
956,655
|
|
|
$
|
573,177
|
|
|
$
|
956,655
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
History
and Nature of Business
Vystar
Corporation (“Vystar” or the “Company”) is the creator and exclusive owner of
the innovative technology to produce Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL"). This
technology reduces antigenic protein in natural rubber latex products to
virtually undetectable levels in both liquid NRL and finished latex
products. Vystar intends to introduce Vytex NRL, its new “low
protein” natural rubber latex, throughout the worldwide marketplace that uses
NRL or latex substitutes as a component of manufactured products
.
Natural
rubber latex is used in an extensive range of products including balloons,
textiles, footwear and clothing (threads), adhesives, foams, furniture, carpet,
paints, coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment, and, especially
health care products such as condoms, surgical and exam gloves. The Company
plans to produce Vytex™ through toll manufacturing agreements and intends to
introduce Vytex NRL into the supply channels with aggressive, targeted marketing
campaigns directed to the end users. During 2008, the Company signed
an agreement with Revertex (Malaysia) for the production of Vytex
NRL. Revertex will be a non-exclusive, toll manufacturer for Vystar
and is in full production mode to manufacture Vytex NRL commercially.
Vystar
LLC, the predecessor to the Company, was formed February 2, 2000, as a Georgia
limited liability company by Travis W. Honeycutt. The Company’s operations under
the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research, development and
testing of the Vytex NRL process, as well as attaining intellectual property
rights. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar Corporation, a Georgia
Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities of the limited liability
company became assets and liabilities of Vystar Corporation, including all
intellectual property rights, patents and trademarks.
Development
Stage
Since
inception as Vystar LLC on February 2, 2000, the Company’s activities have been
devoted primarily to the development of the NRL and the raising of capital.
Vystar Corporation is considered a development stage company as defined in
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 7.
Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and accompanying disclosures. Although these estimates are
based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company
may undertake in the future, actual results could differ from these estimates.
Concentration
of Credit Risk
Certain
financial instruments potentially subject the Company to concentrations of
credit risk.
These financial
instruments consist primarily of cash, investments (unsecured certificate of
deposit) and, as discussed in Note 9, an unsecured related party note
receivable. Cash held in operating accounts in many cases exceeds the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, insurance
limits. While we monitor cash balances in our operating accounts on a
regular basis and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be
impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail. The
certificate of deposit, in the amount of $750,000, is held with Royal Bank of
Canada and is insured for $250,000 by the FDIC. To date, we have
experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash; however, we can provide no
assurances that access to our cash will not be impacted by adverse conditions in
the financial markets.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Property
and Equipment
Property
and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is provided by the use
of the straight-line and accelerated methods for financial and tax reporting
purposes over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 5 years.
Patents
and Trademarks
Patents
are carried at cost and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their
estimated useful lives, or 20 years. Trademarks are carried at cost
and since their estimated life is indeterminable, no amortization is
recognized. Instead, they are evaluated for impairment.
Impairment
of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived
assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets with finite
lives, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If
the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying
amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. Measurement of an
impairment loss for long-lived assets is based on discounted cash flows and the
fair value of the asset
.
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
The
Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, investments, note receivable
due from related party, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The
carrying values of cash, investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses
approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The Company
is not able to estimate the fair value of its related party receivable because
of the financial circumstances of the related party and its related party
aspects.
Investments
At
December 31, 2008 the Company held a certificate of deposit in the amount of
approximately $750,000 which matures April 11, 2009.
Income
Taxes
The Company follows Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for
Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial
accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets
and liabilities are computed annually for temporary differences between the
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for net
operating loss carryforwards that will result in taxable or deductible amounts
in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in
which the differences or carryforwards are expected to affect taxable income.
Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax
assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is
the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the
period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Loss
Per Share
The
Company follows SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share,” resulting in the
presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Because the
Company reported a net loss in 2008 and 2007, common stock equivalents,
including stock options and warrants, were anti-dilutive; therefore, the amounts
reported for basic and dilutive loss per share were the
same. Excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share were
options to purchase 3,287,500 shares and 1,162,667 shares of common stock for
2008 and 2007, respectively, as their effect would be
anti-dilutive. Warrants to purchase 2,690,779 shares and 627,725
shares of common stock for 2008 and 2007, respectively, were also excluded from
the computation of diluted loss per share as their effect would be
anti-dilutive.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Research
and Development Costs
Research
and development costs are expensed when incurred. Research and
development costs include all costs incurred related to the research,
development, and testing of the Company’s process to produce Vytex NRL.
Recently
Adopted Pronouncements
On
January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements.
SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands
disclosures about fair value measurements. The changes to current practice
resulting from the application of SFAS No. 157 relate to the definition of fair
value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures about
fair value measurement. The standard applies when assets or
liabilities are required or allowed to be measured at fair value; it does not
expand the use of fair value in any new circumstance. In February
2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. 157-2 which delays the
effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities,
except for those that are disclosed in the financial statements on a recurring
basis, until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The
Company adopted SFAS No. 157 on a prospective basis and the impact did not have
a material effect on its results of operations, financial position, or cash
flows.
Recently
Issued Pronouncements
In June
2006 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation
No. 48 (“FIN 48”),
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes
. FIN 48 prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement
recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in
an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement
No. 109,
Accounting for
Income Taxes
. Tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition
threshold at the effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of FIN 48 and
in subsequent periods. FIN 48 was effective for the Company at the beginning of
the annual period ending December 31, 2008. In December 2008, the FASB
issued FSP FIN 48-3, which deferred the effective date of FIN 48 for certain
enterprises to the beginning of the annual period ending December 31,
2009. Management has elected to defer the application of FAS FIN 48,
Accounting for Uncertain Tax Positions in accordance with FSP FIN 48-3. The
Company will continue to follow FAS 5, Accounting for Contingencies, until it
adopts FIN 48. The provisions of FIN 48 will be applied to all tax
positions under Statement No. 109 upon initial adoption. The cumulative
effect of applying the provisions of this interpretation will be reported as an
adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for that fiscal
year. We are presently evaluating whether the adoption of this
interpretation will have a material impact on our financial statements.
On
December 4, 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R,
Business Combinations
. SFAS
No. 141R requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize
all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, establishes the acquisition
date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and
liabilities assumed, and requires the acquirer to expand disclosures about the
nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R is
effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or
after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after
December 15, 2008. Since the standard is generally applicable only
for acquisitions completed in the future, we are unable to determine the effect
this standard would have on the accounting for such acquisitions.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Recently
Issued Pronouncements (Continued)
In April
2008, the FASB directed the FASB Staff to issue FSP No. FAS 142-3,
Determination of the Useful Life of
Intangible Assets
. FSP FAS 142-3 amends the factors that should be
considered in developing a renewal or extension assumptions used for purposes of
determining the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets
. FSP FAS 142-3 is intended to improve the consistency between the
useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142 and the period of
expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS
141(R) and other generally accepted accounting principles. FSP FAS 142-3 is
effective for the Company January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the
potential impact of the adoption of FSP 142-3 on our results of operations,
financial position and cash flows.
NOTE
2 – OPERATIONS
The
Company's financial statements are prepared using the accrual method of
accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America and have been prepared on a going concern basis, which
contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the
normal course of business. The Company has incurred significant
losses and experienced negative cash flow since its
inception. Further, at December 31, 2008, the deficit accumulated
during the development stage amounted to approximately $8,766,000.
The
Company is still in the development stage at December 31,
2008. During 2008, the Company received approximately $2,505,000, net
of issuance costs, through the issuance of 1,624,167 shares of common stock,
primarily through a private placement (Note 7) and exercise of warrants. The
Company’s product development is proceeding on schedule and management expects
to initiate revenue generation no later than the first quarter of
2009. Successful completion of the Company’s development program and,
ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations are dependent upon future
events, including acceptance by manufacturers of the Vytex NRL technology and
consumer confidence in products manufactured using it. The Company
has added qualified directors and employees to help meet their goals and will
continue to monitor available capital to determine if additional equity
investments will be required to fulfill its development
activities. Management believes the current business plan is
attractive enough to investors to raise additional capital if necessary, but
believes current liquid assets are sufficient to allow the Company to continue
as a going concern through December 31, 2009.
On
November 13, 2008 the Company filed Form S-1, Registration Statement under the
Securities Act of 1933, with the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) to register 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock
previously issued. In addition, 600,000 shares are being registered
that will be issued, when the registration statement is effective, to
stockholders of Universal Capital Management, Inc., as discussed in Note
9. The Company has since amended the initial statement and expects it
to be accepted by the SEC around the end of the first quarter of
2009. The Company plans to have its shares trading on the Over the
Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) after the registration is effective.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
3 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property
and equipment consists of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
23,431
|
|
|
|
15,111
|
|
|
|
|
38,778
|
|
|
|
30,458
|
|
Accumulated
depreciation
|
|
|
(23,471
|
)
|
|
|
(15,543
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
15,307
|
|
|
$
|
14,915
|
|
Depreciation
expense for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $7,928 and $6,603,
respectively.
NOTE
4 – PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
Patents
represent legal and other fees associated with the registration of
patents. The Company has two patents and two provisional patent
submissions with the United States Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) as well as an
international PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) patent.
The
Company has incurred legal and other fees associated with its application to the
USPTO for trademark protection for “Vystar”, “Vytex”, and “Created by
Nature. Recreated by Science.” during 2008.
Patents
and trademarks are as follows:
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patents
|
|
$
|
86,884
|
|
|
$
|
48,008
|
|
Accumulated
amortization
|
|
|
(8,852
|
)
|
|
|
(5,861
|
)
|
|
|
|
78,032
|
|
|
|
42,147
|
|
Trademarks
|
|
|
5,538
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
83,570
|
|
|
$
|
42,147
|
|
Amortization
expense for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $2,991 and $2,384,
respectively.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
5 – COMMITMENTS
The
Company is obligated under operating leases for its corporate office and office
equipment expiring through December 31, 2010.
Aggregate
minimum future lease payments are as follows:
Years Ending
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
61,068
|
|
2010
|
|
|
67,953
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
129,021
|
|
Rent
expense approximating $54,000 and $56,000 is included in general and
administrative expense for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
NOTE
6 – INCOME TAXES
Differences
between the income tax benefit for 2008 and 2007 and the amount determined by
applying the statutory federal income tax rate (34%) to the loss before income
taxes were as follows:
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Statutory
rate
|
|
|
(34.0
|
) %
|
|
|
(34.0
|
) %
|
State
income taxes, net of federal deduction
|
|
|
(6.0
|
)
|
|
|
(6.0
|
)
|
Valuation
allowance
|
|
|
40.0
|
|
|
|
40.0
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
%
|
Significant
components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows as of December
31:
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
operating loss carryforwards
|
|
$
|
2,007,000
|
|
|
$
|
1,368,000
|
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
1,397,000
|
|
|
|
157,000
|
|
Other
|
|
|
86,000
|
|
|
|
109,000
|
|
Net
deferred tax asset before valuation allowance
|
|
|
3,490,000
|
|
|
|
1,634,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation
allowance
|
|
|
(3,490,000
|
)
|
|
|
(1,634,000
|
)
|
Net
deferred tax asset
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
6 – INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
Deferred
income taxes result from the net tax effects of temporary differences between
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes
and the amounts used for income tax purposes and for net operating loss
carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax
assets for which it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized.
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependant upon the generation
of future taxable income during the periods in which the net operating losses
and temporary differences become deductible. The change in the total
valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was an
increase of $1,856,000 and $495,000, respectively.
As of
December 31, 2008, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $5,016,000, expiring during the years ending December 31, 2024
through 2028. This amount can be used to offset future taxable income
of the Company.
NOTE
7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common
Stock and Warrants
The
Company’s predecessor company, Vystar LLC, issued 2,500,000 shares of its common
stock at inception in February 2000 to its founder. These shares were
cancelled and re-issued by Vystar Corporation at merger in December
2003. Also during 2003, Vystar Corporation issued 325,000 shares to
its remaining founders for $4,100. During 2004, the Company issued an
additional 8,475,000 shares to its founders in order to adjust the number of
issued and outstanding shares at that time.
During
the period from November 2004 through January 13, 2005, the Company issued
770,000 shares of its common stock in a private placement for proceeds of
$691,267, net of issuance costs of $78,733.
The
private placement memorandum was amended on December 28, 2004. Under
the terms of the amendment and subsequent revisions on April 10, 2006 and
September 25, 2006, the Company issued 795,674 shares in 2005 for proceeds of
$1,112,253, net of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash; 823,131
shares in 2006 for proceeds of $1,143,651, net of issuance costs of $82,643 cash
and $8,404 non-cash; 597,501 shares in 2007 for proceeds of $824,692, net of
issuance costs of $61,911 cash and $9,648 non-cash and 5,000 shares in 2008 for
proceeds of $7,125, net of issuance costs of $375 cash, prior to its closing in
April 2008. All of the shares issued were common
stock. Terms of the memorandum included issuing warrants to purchase
an aggregate of 1,308,965 shares of common stock at $.50 per
share. During 2008 and 2007, 423,167 and 755,899 shares issued in the
private placement, respectively, were purchased through the exercise of the
warrants. The unexercised warrants, representing 26,000 shares,
expired during 2008.
During
2005 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 17,300 shares of
common stock at an exercise price of $.50 in exchange for services rendered with
the private placement, valued at $9,451. The warrants are exercisable until
January 2010 and vested immediately.
During
2006 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 36,233 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $1.50 per share in
exchange for services rendered, valued at $11,499. The warrants are
exercisable for periods ranging from 2011 to 2016 and vested immediately.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common
Stock and Warrants (Continued)
During
2006 the Company issued 52,490 shares of common stock for services rendered
valued at $52,490.
During
2007 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 126,525 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $.50 to $1.50 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $34,320. The warrants are exercisable
for periods ranging from 2009 through 2017 and vested immediately.
During
2007 the Company issued 33,125 shares of common stock for professional services
valued at $33,125.
During
February 2008 the Company’s former CEO surrendered 4,900,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock issued to him during 2004. These shares were
cancelled and returned to the Company for future re-issue, eliminating the need
to increase the Company’s number of authorized shares.
On May 5,
2008, the Company initiated an equity raise through a private placement
projected at $3,000,000 at completion, through an issuance of 1,500,000 shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional 750,000 shares of common
stock at $1.00 per share. On October 31, 2008 the Company closed the
offering after receiving $2,378,000 and issuing 1,189,000 shares of common stock
and warrants to purchase an additional 594,500 shares of common stock.
At
December 31, 2008, as discussed in Note 9, the Company recognized an increase of
$54,946 in additional paid-in-capital resulting from forgiveness of debt by the
former CEO.
During
2008 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 1,924,721 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $.01 to $2.00 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $1,769,916. The warrants are exercisable
for periods ranging from 2012 through 2018 and vested immediately.
During
2008 the Company issued 79,287 shares of common stock for professional services
valued at $88,500, including 4,080 shares valued at $4,080 for services rendered
in connection with the Company’s private placement memorandum.
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In
December 2004 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS 123
(revised 2004),
Share-Based
Payment
(“SFAS 123(R)”). SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion
No. 25,
Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees
, and amends SFAS No. 95,
Statement of Cash
Flows
. Generally, the approach in SFAS 123(R) is similar to
the approach described in SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires
share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options,
to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values at the date
of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. Pro forma disclosure is no
longer an alternative.
On
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective
method as permitted under SFAS 123(R) and reflected compensation expense during
2006 in accordance with the transition provisions. Under the modified
prospective method, prior periods are not restated to reflect the impact of
adopting the new standard at earlier dates.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
The
Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant-date
fair value of an award granted during 2008 and 2007. The following
assumptions were used:
|
·
|
Expected
Dividend Yield – because the Company does not currently pay dividends, the
expected dividend yield is zero;
|
|
·
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price – because the Company is not publicly traded,
the expected volatility of similar public entities (including companies
engaged in the manufacture and/or distribution of medical, surgical, and
healthcare supplies) was considered with expected volatility ranging from
22.07% - 34.64%;
|
|
·
|
Risk-free
Interest Rate – reflects the average rate on a United States Treasury bond
with maturity equal to the expected term of the option, ranging from 1.55
– 4.92%; and
|
|
·
|
Expected
Life of Awards – because the Company is still in the development stage and
has had minimal experience with the exercise of options or warrants for
use in determining the expected life for each award, the simplified method
was used to calculate an expected life based on the midpoint between the
vesting date and the end of the contractual term of the stock award.
|
The
Company recorded approximately $1,572,000 and $111,000 of stock-based
compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, related to employee stock options and stock warrants issued to
board members and nonemployees. Of this, approximately $1,387,000 and
$85,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, was
attributable to the fair value of shares issued under the Company’s stock option
plan that vested during those periods. As of December 31, 2008,
approximately $128,700 of unrecognized compensation expense related to
non-vested share-based awards remains to be recognized over a weighted average
period of approximately 2 years.
Stock
Options
During
2004, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a stock option plan (the
“Plan”) and authorized up to 4,000,000 shares to be issued under the
Plan. At December 31, 2008, there were 600,000 shares of common stock
reserved for issuance under the Plan. The Plan is intended to permit
stock options granted to employees to qualify as incentive stock options under
Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Incentive Stock
Options”). All options granted under the Plan that are not intended
to qualify as Incentive Stock Options are deemed to be non-qualified
options. Stock options are typically granted at an exercise price
equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of
grant, typically vest over periods up to 4 years and are typically exercisable
up to 10 years. During 2008 options for 2,200,000 shares were issued
under the Plan.
The
weighted-average assumptions used in the option pricing model for stock option
grants were as follows:
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Expected
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price
|
|
|
23.51
|
%
|
|
|
23.32
|
%
|
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
|
|
|
2.68
|
%
|
|
|
4.68
|
%
|
Expected
Life of Stock Awards - Years
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
Weighted
Average Fair Value at Grant Date
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Stock
Options (Continued)
The
following tables summarize all stock option activity of the Company for the
years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
Number
of
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
2,200,000
|
|
|
$
|
0.68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
3,400,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
3,250,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.03
|
|
|
|
Number
of
|
|
|
Weighted
Average Remaining
|
|
|
Range
of
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Contractual
Life (Years)
|
|
|
Exercise
Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
|
|
8.85
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
- $1.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
9.00
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
|
|
7.94
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
- $1.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
2,200,000
|
|
|
|
9.10
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
3,400,000
|
|
|
|
8.34
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
- $1.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
xercisable, December
31, 2008
|
|
|
3,250,000
|
|
|
|
8.30
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
- $1.50
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Warrants
Warrants
are issued to third parties as payment for services and in conjunction with the
issuance of common stock. The fair value of each common stock warrant
issued for services is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were
used for warrants granted in 2008 and 2007:
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Expected
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price
|
|
|
22.38
|
%
|
|
|
23.59
|
%
|
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
|
|
|
2.19
|
%
|
|
|
4.35
|
%
|
Expected
Life of Awards, Years
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
The
following table represents the Company’s warrant activity for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
|
Number
of
|
|
|
Issuance
or
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Grant
Date Fair Value
|
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
|
Contractual
Life (Years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
792,664
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.52
|
|
|
|
7.53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
in private placement
|
|
|
550,834
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
126,525
|
|
|
$
|
0.36
|
|
|
$
|
1.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(757,399
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(84,899
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
627,725
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.01
|
|
|
|
7.38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
in private placement
|
|
|
594,500
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,924,721
|
|
|
$
|
0.92
|
|
|
$
|
0.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(430,167
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.51
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(26,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
2,690,779
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.85
|
|
|
|
5.14
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
2,690,779
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.85
|
|
|
|
5.14
|
|
For the
period since inception through December 31, 2006, the Company issued warrants to
purchase shares of the Company’s common stock for services
rendered. The warrants were issued at exercise prices ranging from
$.50 to $1.50 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from five to ten
years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair
value of the warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the
Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0, stock volatility ranging
from 26.17% - 29.93%, 3.36% - 4.34% risk-free interest rate, and a 2.5 to 5 year
expected life of the awards. The total amount of the fair value
($6,095 expense and $14,854 cost of raising capital) was recorded when vesting
occurred. All warrants issued were fully vested within the calendar
year in which they were granted.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
8 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Warrants
(Continued)
During
2007 the Company issued warrants for services at exercise prices ranging from
$.50 to $1.50 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from two to ten
years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair
value of the warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the
Black-Scholes option pricing model and assumptions detailed
above. The total amount of the fair value ($25,875 expense and $8,448
cost of raising capital) was recorded when vesting occurred.
The
Company issued warrants for services during 2008 at exercise prices ranging from
$1.00 to $2.00 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from four to ten
years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair
value of the warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the
Black-Scholes option pricing model and assumptions as detailed
above. The total amount of the fair value ($185,143 expense,
$1,545,695 deferred compensation cost, and $39,078 cost of raising capital) was
recorded when vesting occurred.
NOTE
9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Universal
Capital Management
On
January 31, 2008, the Company entered into a management agreement with Universal
Capital Management, Inc. ("UCM"), a venture capital company that invests in
development stage companies. Under this agreement, UCM agreed to provide
management services, including assistance with strategic planning, investment
banking consultation and investor introduction services, and investor relations
services for a period of three months, expiring April 30,
2008. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, the Company issued UCM
warrants, valued at approximately $1,491,000, to purchase 1,000,000 shares of
its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01. These warrants are
exercisable in whole or in part at or before January 31, 2013 and vested
immediately.
On April
30, 2008, the Company entered into an additional management agreement with UCM
for a period of one year pursuant to which UCM agreed to continue to provide
management services, including day-to-day managerial. Pursuant to the
terms of this agreement, UCM was issued warrants, valued at approximately
$55,000, to purchase 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise
price of $2.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in
part at or before April 30, 2013 and vested immediately. In the event
that the Company elects to extend the management agreement for an additional one
year term beyond the first year of the
agreement,
the Company has agreed to issue additional warrants to purchase 500,000 shares
of its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share.
As a
result of these two agreements, UCM held a beneficial ownership of 11.15% in the
Company at December 31, 2008.
On August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with UCM whereby UCM agreed to
assist the Company in registering its shares publicly, as well as provide
management assistance with certain responsibilities unique to a publicly held
entity. In consideration for these services, the Company agreed to issue
600,000 shares of its common stock to stockholders of UCM, contingent upon the
Company’s registration statement becoming effective, on or about the effective
date of the registration statement. The Company intends to recognize this
expense, based upon the existing market value of its shares, on that date.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Climax
Global Energy
During
2006 and 2005, the Company advanced cash and made payments on behalf of Climax
Global Energy, Inc. (“Climax”), a company controlled by the Company’s former
CEO, in the amounts of $12,795 and $242,654, respectively. At
December 31, 2007, the balance due from Climax was $240,409. Climax
is in a pre-revenue, research and development mode and is in the process of
raising capital through a private placement memorandum. While the
Company will provide its best efforts to fully collect the balance due, which is
unsecured, management has reserved at December 31, 2008 and 2007 approximately
$120,000 of the balance remaining due to the uncertainty involved. As
such, the Company recorded a corresponding charge in 2007 of approximately
$120,000 in its statement of operations.
On August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with Climax which specified the
payment terms of the note receivable discussed above. The significant
terms were established as follows: (A) the note is non-interest
bearing, (B) a $25,000 payment to be made on or before September 30, 2008, and
(C) equal monthly payments of $5,000 will commence in October
2008. In the event that Climax attains certain financial thresholds
as specified in the agreement, receives new third party equity funding exceeding
$20 million on a cumulative basis or Climax is sold or completes an initial
public offering, the remaining amount due shall become payable thirty days
following the end of the calendar year in which the event
occurred. In any event, the note shall be due and payable in full no
later than January 31, 2010. As of December 31, 2008 all payments due
under the agreement had been received by the Company.
Travis
Honeycutt
During
February 2008 Travis Honeycutt, founding CEO, surrendered 4,900,000 shares of
the Company’s common stock (Note 7) that had been issued to him during
2004. On March 21, 2008, he retired from the Company.
At
December 31, 2007, the Company had accrued back-pay to the Company’s former CEO
in the amount of $54,946. In July 2008, the former CEO entered into
an agreement with the Company foregoing any claims to this back-pay if the
Climax receivable was not collected in full by December 31, 2008. The
Company removed the accrued back-pay from its liabilities at December 31, 2008
and recorded an increase in additional paid-in-capital as the forgiveness of
debt. This was considered a capital transaction due to the related
party nature of the parties.
During
2008 Travis Honeycutt provided to the Company prospect advisory services in the
thread industry and received $9,000 for his services.
Officers
and Directors
At March
31, 2008, the Company’s independent director received warrants, valued at
approximately $13,000, to purchase 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock
with an exercise price of $1.00. The warrants are exercisable in
whole or in part at or before March 31, 2018 and vested immediately.
On April
1, 2008, the Company added an independent director to its Board of
Directors. At June 30, 2008 the Company’s two independent Board
members received warrants, valued at approximately $16,000, to purchase 20,000
shares, each, of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of
$1.00. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at or before
June 30, 2018 and vested immediately.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2008 AND 2007
NOTE
9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Officers
and Directors (continued)
At
September 30, 2008 the Company’s two independent Board members received
warrants, valued at approximately $9,000, to purchase 20,000 shares, each, of
the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $1.63. The
warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at or before September 30, 2018 and
vested immediately.
On
October 1, 2008, the Company added two additional directors to its Board of
Directors.
At
December 31, 2008 the Company’s four independent Board members received
warrants, valued at approximately $10,700, to purchase 20,000 shares, each, of
the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $1.63. The
warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at or before December 31, 2018 and
vested immediately.
Other
At
December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company also has accrued severance of $81,250
payable to the Company’s former CFO, Glenn Smotherman. Mr. Smotherman
has agreed to payment of this liability beginning at the earlier of payment in
full of the Climax receivable or the Company’s achievement of specific sales
goals. When payment begins, the liability will be satisfied in 24
equal monthly payments.
At
December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company has a balance payable to Reactive
Energy, LLC, a company wholly owned by the Company’s former CEO, for management
fees and contract services of $36,453. The Company intends to satisfy
this liability upon the effectiveness of its registration statement.
NOTE
10 – DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN
The
Company maintains a tax-qualified retirement plan that provides all regular
employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged
basis. Under the 401(k) plan, 100 percent of participants’
contributions up to a maximum of 3 percent of compensation and 50 percent of
participants’ contributions up to an additional 2 percent of compensation are
matched. Company costs under the plan were approximately $13,000 for
the year ended December 31, 2008; no costs were incurred during
2007.
NOTE
11 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On
January 6, 2009, the Company entered into a Distributor Agreement with
Centrotrade Minerals & Metals, US and Centrotrade Deutschland, GmbH,
Germany, the leading global distributors of latex raw materials, to create a
worldwide distribution network for Vytex. The Company has established
the network during the first quarter of 2009. The agreement provides
product storage and distribution services in addition to sales and marketing
support as well as exclusive distribution of Vytex products in specified
geographic areas and nonexclusive distribution otherwise worldwide.
As
previously discussed in Note 2, the Company filed a pre-effective amendment to
the Form S-1 Registration Statement Under the Securities Act of 1933 on February
11, 2009.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
MARCH 31,
2009 AND 2008
(UNAUDITED)
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
|
|
PAGE
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE
SHEETS AT MARCH 31, 2009 AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
F-27
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2009 AND 2008 AND FOR
THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO MARCH 31, 2009
|
|
F-28
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2009 AND FOR
THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO MARCH 31, 2009
|
|
F-29 - F-30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2009 AND 2008 AND FOR
THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 2, 2000 (INCEPTION) TO MARCH 31, 2009
|
|
F-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
F-32 – F-41
|
|
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
BALANCE
SHEETS
|
|
March
31, 2009
|
|
|
December
31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
502,562
|
|
|
$
|
956,655
|
|
Investments
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party, net of allowance for uncollectible
amount of $90,205 at March 31, 2009
|
|
|
92,744
|
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
26,561
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
11,814
|
|
|
|
44,938
|
|
Other
|
|
|
13,144
|
|
|
|
1,217
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
1,396,825
|
|
|
|
1,812,810
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROPERTY
AND EQUIPMENT, NET
|
|
|
13,760
|
|
|
|
15,307
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note
receivable due from related party, net of current portion shown above and
allowance for uncollectible amount of $120,205 at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
17,744
|
|
Patents
and trademarks, net
|
|
|
102,368
|
|
|
|
83,570
|
|
Other
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
|
5,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
ASSETS
|
|
$
|
1,518,840
|
|
|
$
|
1,935,318
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
$
|
71,361
|
|
|
$
|
74,498
|
|
Accounts
payable - related party
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
125,480
|
|
|
|
129,155
|
|
TOTAL
CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
233,294
|
|
|
|
240,106
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LONG-TERM
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
11,416
|
|
|
|
12,574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
244,710
|
|
|
|
252,680
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred
stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and
outstanding
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 11,952,774 and
11,951,774 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2009 and December
31, 2008, respectively
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
10,553,374
|
|
|
|
10,466,302
|
|
Deferred
compensation
|
|
|
(4,597
|
)
|
|
|
(18,384
|
)
|
Stock
subscription receivable
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Deficit
accumulated during development stage
|
|
|
(9,274,842
|
)
|
|
|
(8,766,475
|
)
|
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
1,274,130
|
|
|
|
1,682,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
$
|
1,518,840
|
|
|
$
|
1,935,318
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period
From February 2,
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended
|
|
|
2000
(Inception) To
|
|
|
|
March
31, 2009
|
|
|
March
31, 2008
|
|
|
March
31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
SALES
|
|
$
|
3,083
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
3,310
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COST
AND EXPENSE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
82,137
|
|
|
|
227,054
|
|
|
|
2,200,883
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
466,917
|
|
|
|
2,358,424
|
|
|
|
7,022,718
|
|
|
|
|
549,054
|
|
|
|
2,585,478
|
|
|
|
9,223,601
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOSS
FROM OPERATIONS
|
|
|
(545,971
|
)
|
|
|
(2,585,478
|
)
|
|
|
(9,220,291
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
INCOME (EXPENSE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
7,623
|
|
|
|
3,458
|
|
|
|
50,969
|
|
Recovery
(provision) for note receivable from related party
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(90,205
|
)
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(13,400
|
)
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,861
|
)
|
Other
expense
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
LOSS
|
|
$
|
(508,367
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,582,020
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,274,842
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss per Share
|
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.22
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
|
|
|
11,952,407
|
|
|
|
11,989,913
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
|
During
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
of
|
|
|
|
Additional
Paid-in
|
|
Subscription
|
|
Deferred
|
|
Development
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
Capital
|
|
Receivable
|
|
Compensation
|
|
Stage
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Beginning
Balance, 2/2/00 (Inception)
|
|
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founder of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
25,311
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/00
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
25,061
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(25,311
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,808
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/01
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
29,869
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(30,119
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,275
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,275
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/02
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
34,144
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock cancelled at merger of Vystar LLC
|
|
|
(2,500,000
|
)
|
|
(250
|
)
|
|
250
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued to founders of Vystar Corporation
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
3,817
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/03
|
|
|
2,825,000
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
38,211
|
|
|
(4,100
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
founders' shares of common stock issued
|
|
|
8,475,000
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
(847
|
)
|
|
4,100
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during 2004,
net of issuance costs of $74,833
|
|
|
692,000
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
617,098
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
607,167
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2004
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,868
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
|
|
(500,154
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/04
|
|
|
11,992,000
|
|
|
1,199
|
|
|
660,330
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
(534,548
|
)
|
|
|
116,981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.00/share during Jan
2005, net of issuance costs of $3,900
|
|
|
78,000
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
74,092
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
84,100
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share during 2005,
net of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash
|
|
|
795,674
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
1,112,173
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,112,253
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
32,760
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2005
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
50,232
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
|
|
(1,265,923
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/05
|
|
|
12,865,674
|
|
|
1,287
|
|
|
1,929,587
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,800,471
|
)
|
|
|
130,403
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share
during 2006, net of issuance costs of $82,643 cash and $8,404 non-cash
|
|
|
823,131
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
1,143,569
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,143,651
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
19,000
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
9,498
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
9,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during September, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during October, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
5,999
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during December, 2006, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
36,486
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
36,490
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
204,659
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2006
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,803
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
|
|
(1,086,297
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/06
|
|
|
13,760,295
|
|
$
|
1,377
|
|
$
|
3,342,600
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
457,209
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(CONTINUED)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
|
During
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
of
|
|
|
|
Additional
Paid-in
|
|
Subscription
|
|
Deferred
|
|
Development
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
Capital
|
|
Receivable
|
|
Compensation
|
|
Stage
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending
Balance, 12/31/06
|
|
|
13,760,295
|
|
$
|
1,377
|
|
$
|
3,342,600
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
$
|
(2,886,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
457,209
|
|
Common
stock issued with warrants in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share
during 2007, net of issuance costs of $61,911 cash and $9,648 non-cash
|
|
|
597,501
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
824,632
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
824,692
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants
|
|
|
757,399
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
379,374
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
379,450
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during January, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during February, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during March, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
14,199
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
14,200
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during April, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
9,924
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
9,925
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during June, 2007, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
97,502
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2007
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
22,314
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
|
|
(1,239,634
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
|
15,148,320
|
|
|
1,515
|
|
|
4,699,545
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,126,402
|
)
|
|
|
574,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $1.50/share during 2008,
net of issuance costs of $375 cash
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
7,125
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,125
|
|
Contribution
of founder's stock
|
|
|
(4,900,000
|
)
|
|
(490
|
)
|
|
490
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during March, 2008, valued at
$1.00/share
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during April, 2008, valued at
$1.00/share, net of issuance costs of $4,080 non-cash
|
|
|
59,080
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
54,994
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during May, 2008, valued at $1.50/share
|
|
|
1,333
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during May, 2008, valued at $1.63/share
|
|
|
3,374
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
5,499
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,500
|
|
Common
stock issued for services rendered during December, 2008, valued at
$2.00/share
|
|
|
10,500
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
20,999
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
21,000
|
|
Common
stock issued in private placement memorandum at $2.00/share during 2008,
net of issuance costs of $91,371 cash and $17,162 non-cash
|
|
|
1,189,000
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
2,286,509
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,286,628
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants during 2008, net of issuance costs
of $7,317 cash
|
|
|
430,167
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
211,224
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
211,267
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,572,276
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,572,276
|
|
Share-based
payments for services vested during 2008, net of issuance costs of $21,916
non-cash
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,545,695
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,545,695
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Amortization
of deferred compensation during 2008
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,527,311
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,527,311
|
|
Forgiveness
of debt by founder
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
54,946
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
54,946
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(4,640,073
|
)
|
|
|
(4,640,073
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, December 31, 2008
|
|
|
11,951,774
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
|
10,466,302
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(18,384
|
)
|
|
(8,766,475
|
)
|
|
|
1,682,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock issued for exercise of warrants during 2009
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Share-based
compensation to employees vested during 2009
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
86,072
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
86,072
|
|
Amortization
of deferred compensation during 2009
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
13,787
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
13,787
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(508,367
|
)
|
|
|
(508,367
|
)
|
Ending
Balance, March 31, 2009 (unaudited)
|
|
|
11,952,774
|
|
$
|
1,195
|
|
$
|
10,553,374
|
|
$
|
(1,000
|
)
|
$
|
(4,597
|
)
|
$
|
(9,274,842
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,274,130
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period
From February 2,
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended
|
|
|
2000
(Inception) To
|
|
|
|
March
31, 2009
|
|
|
March
31, 2008
|
|
|
March
31, 2009
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(508,367
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,582,020
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,274,842
|
)
|
Adjustment
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
|
|
86,072
|
|
|
|
1,391,934
|
|
|
|
2,248,596
|
|
Provision
(recovery) on related party note receivable
|
|
|
(30,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
90,205
|
|
Amortization
of deferred compensation
|
|
|
13,787
|
|
|
|
993,697
|
|
|
|
1,541,099
|
|
Forgiveness
of debt by founder
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
54,946
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
1,547
|
|
|
|
1,719
|
|
|
|
25,617
|
|
Amortization
|
|
|
746
|
|
|
|
761
|
|
|
|
9,598
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
13,400
|
|
(Increase)
decrease in assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
(26,561
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(26,561
|
)
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
|
|
20,258
|
|
|
|
14,531
|
|
|
|
(61,392
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
(11,928
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(19,030
|
)
|
Increase
(decrease) in liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
|
(3,138
|
)
|
|
|
23,036
|
|
|
|
71,360
|
|
Accounts
payable - related party
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
36,453
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
(3,675
|
)
|
|
|
(1,100
|
)
|
|
|
125,480
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(1,157
|
)
|
|
|
(528
|
)
|
|
|
45,810
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(462,416
|
)
|
|
|
(157,970
|
)
|
|
|
(5,119,261
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase
of investment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(750,000
|
)
|
Advances
to related party - note receivable
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(257,908
|
)
|
Proceeds
on related party note receivable
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
74,959
|
|
Cost
of patents and trademarks
|
|
|
(6,677
|
)
|
|
|
(7,346
|
)
|
|
|
(62,387
|
)
|
Purchase
of equipment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(4,450
|
)
|
|
|
(52,778
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
8,323
|
|
|
|
(11,796
|
)
|
|
|
(1,048,114
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance
of common stock, net of issuance costs of $0, $4,594, and $464,817 for the
periods ended March 31, 2009, March 31, 2008, and from inception to March
31, 2009, respectively
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
102,933
|
|
|
|
6,669,937
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
102,933
|
|
|
|
6,669,937
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
|
|
|
(454,093
|
)
|
|
|
(66,833
|
)
|
|
|
502,562
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
- BEGINNING OF PERIOD
|
|
|
956,655
|
|
|
|
573,177
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
- END OF PERIOD
|
|
$
|
502,562
|
|
|
$
|
506,344
|
|
|
$
|
502,562
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31,
2009 AND 2008
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
History
and Nature of Business
Vystar
Corporation (“Vystar” or the “Company”) is the creator and exclusive owner of
the innovative technology to produce Vytex™ Natural Rubber Latex ("NRL"). This
technology reduces antigenic protein in natural rubber latex products to
virtually undetectable levels in both liquid NRL and finished latex
products. Vystar intends to introduce Vytex NRL, its new “low
protein” natural rubber latex, throughout the worldwide marketplace that uses
NRL or latex substitutes as a component of manufactured products
.
Natural
rubber latex is used in an extensive range of products including balloons,
textiles, footwear and clothing (threads), adhesives, foams, furniture, carpet,
paints, coatings, protective equipment, sporting equipment, and especially
health care products such as condoms, surgical and exam gloves. The Company
plans to produce Vytex™ through toll manufacturing agreements and intends to
introduce Vytex NRL into the supply channels with aggressive, targeted marketing
campaigns directed to the end users. During 2008, the Company signed
an agreement with Revertex (Malaysia) for the production of Vytex
NRL. Revertex will be a non-exclusive, toll manufacturer for Vystar
and is in full production mode to manufacture Vytex NRL commercially.
Vystar
LLC, the predecessor to the Company, was formed February 2, 2000, as a Georgia
limited liability company by Travis W. Honeycutt. The Company’s operations under
the LLC entity were focused substantially on the research, development and
testing of the Vytex NRL process, as well as attaining intellectual property
rights. In 2003, the Company reorganized as Vystar Corporation, a Georgia
Corporation, at which time all assets and liabilities of the limited liability
company became assets and liabilities of Vystar Corporation, including all
intellectual property rights, patents and trademarks.
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States of America
(“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, certain
information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements may
be condensed or omitted. These interim financial statements should be
read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto
included in this Form S-1. The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying
disclosures. Although these estimates are based on management’s best
knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future,
actual results could differ from these estimates.
Concentration
of Credit Risk
Certain
financial instruments potentially subject the Company to concentrations of
credit risk.
These financial
instruments consist primarily of cash, investments (an unsecured certificate of
deposit that matured April 11, 2009) and, as discussed in Note 8, an unsecured
related party note receivable. Cash held in operating accounts in
many cases exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, insurance
limits. While we monitor cash balances in our operating accounts on a
regular basis and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be
impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail. To date, we
have experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash; however, we can provide
no assurances that access to our cash will not be impacted by adverse conditions
in the financial markets.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31,
2009 AND 2008
NOTE
1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Loss
Per Share
The
Company follows SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share,” resulting in the
presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Because the
Company reported a net loss in 2009 and 2008, common stock equivalents,
including stock options and warrants, were anti-dilutive; therefore, the amounts
reported for basic and dilutive loss per share were the
same. Excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share were
options to purchase 3,300,000 shares and 3,160,000 shares of common stock for
2009 and 2008, respectively, as their effect would be
anti-dilutive. Warrants to purchase 2,808,356 shares and 1,489,997
shares of common stock for 2009 and 2008, respectively, were also excluded from
the computation of diluted loss per share as their effect would be
anti-dilutive.
Recently
Issued Pronouncements
In June
2006 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation
No. 48 (“FIN 48”),
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes
. FIN 48 prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement
recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in
an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement
No. 109,
Accounting for
Income Taxes
. Tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition
threshold at the effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of FIN 48 and
in subsequent periods. FIN 48 was effective for the Company at the beginning of
the annual period ending December 31, 2008. In December 2008, the FASB
issued FSP FIN 48-3, which deferred the effective date of FIN 48 for certain
enterprises to annual financial statements for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2008. Management has elected to defer the application of
FIN 48 in accordance with FSP FIN 48-3. The Company will continue to follow FAS
5,
Accounting for
Contingencies
, until it adopts FIN 48. We are presently
evaluating whether the adoption of this interpretation will have a material
impact on our financial statements.
In
April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 107-1 (FSP FAS
107-1) and APB 28-1 (APB 28-1), which amends FASB Statement No. 107,
Disclosures about Fair Value of
Financial Instruments
and APB Opinion No. 28,
Interim Financial Reporting
,
to require disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments for interim
reporting periods. FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 will be effective for interim
reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. We are currently evaluating
the future impacts and disclosures of this staff position.
NOTE
2 – OPERATIONS
The
Company's financial statements are prepared using the accrual method of
accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America and have been prepared on a going concern basis, which
contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the
normal course of business. The Company has incurred significant
losses and experienced negative cash flow since its
inception. Further, at March 31, 2009, the deficit accumulated during
the development stage amounted to approximately $9,275,000.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31,
2009 AND 2008
NOTE
2 – OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
The
Company is still in the development stage at March 31, 2009. As of
May 28, 2009
,
during 2009 the Company has received approximately $
595,500
, net of
issuance costs, through the issuance of
703,500
shares of
common stock, primarily through a private placement (Note 9) and exercise of
warrants. The Company’s product development is proceeding on schedule and
revenue generation began on a limited basis during the first quarter of
2009. Successful completion of the Company’s development program and,
ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations are dependent upon future
events, including acceptance by manufacturers of the Vytex NRL technology and
consumer confidence in products manufactured using it. The Company
will continue to monitor available capital to determine if additional equity
investments will be required to fulfill its development
activities. Management believes the current business plan is
attractive enough to investors to raise additional capital if necessary, but
believes current liquid assets are sufficient to allow the Company to continue
as a going concern through March 31, 2010.
On
November 13, 2008 the Company filed Form S-1, Registration Statement under the
Securities Act of 1933, with the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) to register 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock
previously issued. On February 11, 2009, the Company amended the
initial statement and expects it to be accepted by the SEC before the end of the
second quarter of 2009. The Company is in the process of filing a
second pre-effective amendment registering additional shares that were
previously issued. Upon effectiveness, the resale of 4,803,338 shares of common
stock will be registered. The Company plans to have its shares trading on the
Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) after the registration is effective.
NOTE
3 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property
and equipment consists of the following at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
|
|
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
|
$
|
15,347
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
23,431
|
|
|
|
23,431
|
|
|
|
|
38,778
|
|
|
|
38,778
|
|
Accumulated
depreciation
|
|
|
(25,018
|
)
|
|
|
(23,471
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
13,760
|
|
|
$
|
15,307
|
|
Depreciation
expense for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 was $1,547 and
$1,719, respectively.
NOTE
4 – PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
Patents
represent legal and other fees associated with the registration of
patents. The Company has two patents and two provisional patent
submissions with the United States Patent and Trade Office (USPTO), as well as
an international PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) patent.
The
Company has incurred legal and other fees associated with its application to the
USPTO for trademark protection for “Vystar”, “Vytex”, and “Created by
Nature. Recreated by Science.” during 2009 and 2008.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 AND 2008
NOTE
4 – PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS (CONTINUED)
Patents
and trademarks are as follows:
|
|
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patents
|
|
$
|
106,428
|
|
|
$
|
86,884
|
|
Accumulated
amortization
|
|
|
(9,598
|
)
|
|
|
(8,852
|
)
|
|
|
|
96,830
|
|
|
|
78,032
|
|
Trademarks
|
|
|
5,538
|
|
|
|
5,538
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
102,368
|
|
|
$
|
83,570
|
|
Amortization
expense for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 was $746 and $761,
respectively.
NOTE
5 – INCOME TAXES
There is
no income tax benefit recorded for the losses for the three months ended March
31, 2009 and 2008 since management has determined that the realization of the
net deferred tax asset is not assured and has created a valuation allowance for
the entire amount of the net deferred tax asset.
NOTE
6 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common
Stock and Warrants
The
Company’s predecessor company, Vystar LLC, issued 2,500,000 shares of its common
stock at inception in February 2000 to its founder. These shares were
cancelled and re-issued by Vystar Corporation at merger in December
2003. Also during 2003, Vystar Corporation issued 325,000 shares to
its remaining founders for $4,100. During 2004, the Company issued an
additional 8,475,000 shares to its founders in order to adjust the number of
issued and outstanding shares at that time.
During
the period from November 2004 through January 13, 2005, the Company issued
770,000 shares of its common stock in a private placement for proceeds of
$691,267, net of issuance costs of $78,733.
The
private placement memorandum was amended on December 28, 2004. Under
the terms of the amendment and subsequent revisions on April 10, 2006 and
September 25, 2006, the Company issued 795,674 shares in 2005 for proceeds of
$1,112,253, net of issuance costs of $71,806 cash and $9,451 non-cash; 823,131
shares in 2006 for proceeds of $1,143,651, net of issuance costs of $82,643 cash
and $8,404 non-cash; 597,501 shares in 2007 for proceeds of $824,692, net of
issuance costs of $61,911 cash and $9,648 non-cash and 5,000 shares in 2008 for
proceeds of $7,125, net of issuance costs of $375 cash, prior to its closing in
April 2008. All of the shares issued were common
stock. Terms of the memorandum included issuing warrants to purchase
an aggregate of 1,308,965 shares of common stock at $.50 per
share. During 2008 and 2007, 423,167 and 755,899 shares issued in the
private placement, respectively, were purchased through the exercise of the
warrants. The unexercised warrants, representing 26,000 shares,
expired during 2008.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 AND 2008
NOTE
6 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common
Stock and Warrants (Continued)
During
2005 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 17,300 shares of
common stock at an exercise price of $.50 in exchange for services rendered with
the private placement, valued at $9,451. The warrants are exercisable until
January 2010 and vested immediately.
During
2006 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 36,233 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $1.50 per share in
exchange for services rendered, valued at $11,499. The warrants are
exercisable for periods ranging from 2011 to 2016 and vested immediately.
During
2006 the Company issued 52,490 shares of common stock for services rendered
valued at $52,490.
During
2007 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 126,525 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $.50 to $1.50 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $34,320. The warrants are exercisable
for periods ranging from 2009 through 2017 and vested immediately.
During
2007 the Company issued 33,125 shares of common stock for professional services
valued at $33,125.
During
February 2008 the Company’s former CEO surrendered 4,900,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock issued to him during 2004. These shares were
cancelled and returned to the Company for future re-issue, eliminating the need
to increase the Company’s number of authorized shares.
On May 5,
2008, the Company initiated an equity raise through a private placement
projected at $3,000,000 at completion, through an issuance of 1,500,000 shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional 750,000 shares of common
stock at $1.00 per share. On October 31, 2008 the Company closed the
offering after receiving $2,378,000 and issuing 1,189,000 shares of common stock
and warrants to purchase an additional 594,500 shares of common
stock. In April 2009 the Company opened the private placement to
existing shareholders and qualified investors under the same terms and
conditions.
At
December 31, 2008 the Company recognized an increase of $54,946 in additional
paid in capital resulting from forgiveness of debt by the former CEO.
During
2008 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 1,924,721 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $.01 to $2.00 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $1,769,916. The warrants are exercisable
for periods ranging from 2012 through 2018 and vested immediately.
During
2008 the Company issued 79,287 shares of common stock for professional services
valued at $88,500, including 4,080 shares valued at $4,080 for services rendered
in connection with the Company’s private placement memorandum.
During
2009 the Company issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 118,577 shares of
common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $1.63 in exchange for
services rendered, valued at $73,813. The warrants are exercisable by
2019 and vested immediately.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 AND 2008
NOTE
7 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In
December 2004 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS 123
(revised 2004),
Share-Based
Payment
(“SFAS 123(R)”). SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion
No. 25,
Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees
, and amends SFAS No. 95,
Statement of Cash
Flows
. Generally, the approach in SFAS 123(R) is similar to
the approach described in SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires
share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options,
to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values at the date
of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. Pro forma disclosure is no
longer an alternative.
On
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective
method as permitted under SFAS 123(R) and reflected compensation expense during
2006 in accordance with the transition provisions. Under the modified
prospective method, prior periods are not restated to reflect the impact of
adopting the new standard at earlier dates.
The
Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant-date
fair value of an award granted during 2008. The following assumptions
were used:
|
·
|
Expected
Dividend Yield – because the Company does not currently pay dividends, the
expected dividend yield is zero;
|
|
·
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price – because the Company is not publicly traded,
the expected volatility of similar public entities (including companies
engaged in the manufacture and/or distribution of medical, surgical, and
healthcare supplies) was considered with expected volatility ranging from
22.07% - 24.26%;
|
|
·
|
Risk-free
Interest Rate – reflects the average rate on a United States Treasury bond
with maturity equal to the expected term of the option, ranging from 2.67
– 3.04%; and
|
|
·
|
Expected
Life of Awards – because the Company is still in the development stage and
has had minimal experience with the exercise of options or warrants for
use in determining the expected life for each award, the simplified method
was used to calculate an expected life based on the midpoint between the
vesting date and the end of the contractual term of the stock award.
|
The
Company recorded approximately $86,000 and $1,387,000 of stock-based
compensation expense for the three month periods ended March 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively, related to employee stock options and stock warrants issued to
board members and nonemployees. Of this, approximately $12,000 and
$1,345,000 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively, was attributable to the fair value of shares issued under the
Company’s stock option plan that vested during those periods. As of
March 31, 2009, approximately $102,700 of unrecognized compensation expense
related to non-vested share-based awards remains to be recognized over a
weighted average period of approximately 2 years.
Stock
Options
During
2004, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a stock option plan (the
“Plan”) and authorized up to 4,000,000 shares to be issued under the
Plan. At March 31, 2009, there were 600,000 shares of common stock
reserved for issuance under the Plan. The Plan is intended to permit
stock options granted to employees to qualify as incentive stock options under
Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Incentive Stock
Options”). All options granted under the Plan that are not intended
to qualify as Incentive Stock Options are deemed to be non-qualified
options. Stock options are typically granted at an exercise price
equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of
grant, typically vest over periods up to 4 years and are typically exercisable
up to 10 years. There were no stock options granted or exercised
under the Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 AND 2008
NOTE
7 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Stock
Options (continued)
There was
no stock option activity during the three months ended March 31,
2009. At March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, there were 3,400,000
options outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of
$1.03. At March 31, 2009, there were 3,250,000 options exercisable
with a weighted average exercise price of $1.03.
Warrants
Warrants
are issued to third parties as payment for services and in conjunction with the
issuance of common stock. The fair value of each common stock warrant
issued for services is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were
used for warrants granted for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008:
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
Expected
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected
Volatility in Stock Price
|
|
|
37.06
|
%
|
|
|
22.38
|
%
|
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
|
|
|
1.70
|
%
|
|
|
2.19
|
%
|
Expected
Life of Awards, Years
|
|
|
9.21
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
The
following table represents the Company’s warrant activity for the three months
ended March 31, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
|
Number of
Warrants
|
|
|
Grant Date
Fair Value
|
|
|
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
|
|
|
Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
2,690,779
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.85
|
|
|
|
5.14
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
118,577
|
|
|
$
|
0.62
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding,
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
2,808,356
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
|
|
4.41
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable,
March 31, 2009
|
|
|
2,808,356
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
|
|
4.41
|
|
For the
period since inception through December 31, 2006, the Company issued warrants to
purchase shares of the Company’s common stock for services
rendered. The warrants were issued at exercise prices ranging from
$.50 to $1.50 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from five to ten
years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair
value of the warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the
Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0, stock volatility ranging
from 26.17% - 29.93%, 3.36% - 4.34% risk-free interest rate, and a 2.5 to 5 year
expected life of the awards. The total amount of the fair value
($6,095 expense and $14,854 cost of raising capital) was recorded when vesting
occurred. All warrants issued were fully vested within the calendar
year in which they were granted.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 AND 2008
NOTE
7 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Warrants
(Continued)
During
2007 the Company issued warrants for services at exercise prices ranging from
$.50 to $1.50 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from two to ten
years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair
value of the warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the
Black-Scholes option pricing model and assumptions detailed
above. The total amount of the fair value ($25,875 expense and $8,448
cost of raising capital) was recorded when vesting occurred.
The
Company issued warrants for services during 2008 at exercise prices ranging from
$1.00 to $2.00 per share, exercisable over periods ranging from four to ten
years. All of the warrants vested immediately. The fair
value of the warrants was calculated as of the date of the grant utilizing the
Black-Scholes option pricing model and assumptions as detailed
above. The total amount of the fair value ($185,143 expense,
$1,545,695 deferred compensation cost, and $39,078 cost of raising capital) was
recorded when vesting occurred.
The
Company issued warrants for services during the three months ended March 31,
2009 at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $1.63 per share, exercisable over
10 year periods. All of the warrants vested
immediately. The fair value of the warrants was calculated as of the
date of the grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model and
assumptions as detailed above. The total amount of the fair value,
$86,072 expense, was recorded when vesting occurred.
NOTE
8 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Universal
Capital Management
On
January 31, 2008, the Company entered into a management agreement with Universal
Capital Management, Inc. ("UCM"), a venture capital company that invests in
development stage companies. Under this agreement, UCM agreed to provide
management services, including assistance with strategic planning, investment
banking consultation and investor introduction services, and investor relations
services for a period of three months, expiring April 30,
2008. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, the Company issued UCM
warrants, valued at approximately $1,491,000, to purchase 1,000,000 shares of
its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01. These warrants are
exercisable in whole or in part at or before January 31, 2013 and vested
immediately.
On April
30, 2008, the Company entered into an additional management agreement with UCM
for a period of one year pursuant to which UCM agreed to continue to provide
management services, including day-to-day managerial. Pursuant to the
terms of this agreement, UCM was issued warrants, valued at approximately
$55,000, to purchase 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise
price of $2.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in
part at or before April 30, 2013 and vested immediately. In the event
that the Company elects to extend the management agreement for an additional one
year term beyond the first year of the
agreement,
the Company has agreed to issue additional warrants to purchase 500,000 shares
of its common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share.
As a
result of these two agreements, UCM held a beneficial ownership of 11.15% in the
Company at March 31, 2009.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 AND 2008
NOTE
8 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Universal
Capital Management (Continued)
On August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with UCM whereby UCM agreed to
assist the Company in registering its shares publicly, as well as provide
management assistance with certain responsibilities unique to a publicly held
entity. In consideration for these services, the Company agreed to issue
600,000 shares of its common stock to stockholders of UCM, contingent upon the
Company’s registration statement becoming effective, on or about the effective
date of the registration statement. The Company intends to recognize this
expense, based upon the existing market value of its shares, on that date.
Climax
Global Energy
During
2006 and 2005, the Company advanced cash and made payments on behalf of Climax
Global Energy, Inc. (“Climax”), a company controlled by the Company’s former
CEO, in the amounts of $12,795 and $242,654, respectively. At
December 31, 2007, the balance due from Climax was $240,409. Climax
is in a pre-revenue, research and development mode and is in the process of
raising capital through a private placement memorandum. While the
Company will provide its best efforts to fully collect the balance due, which is
unsecured, management has reserved at December 31, 2008 and 2007 approximately
$120,000 of the balance remaining due to the uncertainty involved. As
such, the Company recorded a corresponding charge in 2007 of approximately
$120,000 in its statement of operations.
On August
15, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with Climax which specified the
payment terms of the note receivable discussed above. The significant
terms were established as follows: (A) the note is non-interest
bearing, (B) a $25,000 payment to be made on or before September 30, 2008, and
(C) equal monthly payments of $5,000 will commence in October
2008. In the event that Climax attains certain financial thresholds
as specified in the agreement, receives new third party equity funding exceeding
$20 million on a cumulative basis or Climax is sold or completes an initial
public offering, the remaining amount due shall become payable thirty days
following the end of the calendar year in which the event
occurred. In any event, the note shall be due and payable in full no
later than January 31, 2010. As of March 31, 2009 all payments due
under the agreement had been received by the Company and management determined
that $30,000 of the $120,000 reserve created in 2007 could be released, based
upon payment history and Climax representations of available cash balances.
Officers
and Directors
On March
31, 2008, the Company’s four independent directors received warrants, valued at
approximately $12,000, to purchase 20,000 shares, each, of the Company’s common
stock with an exercise price of $1.63. The warrants are exercisable
in whole or in part at or before March 31, 2019 and vested immediately.
Other
For the
three months ended March 31, 2009, Travis Honeycutt, founding CEO, provided to
the Company prospect advisory services in the thread industry and received
$9,000 for his services.
VYSTAR
CORPORATION
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 AND 2008
NOTE
8 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Other
(Continued)
At March
31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company has accrued severance of $81,250
payable to the Company’s former CFO, Glenn Smotherman. Mr. Smotherman
has agreed to payment of this liability beginning at the earlier of payment in
full of the Climax receivable or the Company’s achievement of specific sales
goals. When payment begins, the liability will be satisfied in 24
equal monthly payments.
At March
31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company has a balance payable to Reactive
Energy, LLC, a company wholly owned by the Company’s former CEO, for management
fees and contract services of $36,453. The Company intends to satisfy
this liability upon the effectiveness of its registration statement.
NOTE
9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Prior to
its expiration, the Company notified UCM that it did not intend to renew the
management agreement expiring April 30, 2009 for an additional one year term and
the agreement lapsed.
In April
2009, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the number of preferred shares
to be increased from 10,000,000 shares to 15,000,000 shares and the number of
common shares from 25,000,000 shares to 50,000,000 shares. The Board also
authorized an increase in the number of shares to be issued under the Company’s
incentive stock option plan from 4,000,000 shares to 10,000,000 shares and to
include the independent Board members in the plan in lieu of continuing the
previous practice of granting warrants each quarter to independent board
members.
In May
2009, the Company and Alatech Healthcare, LLC received 510(k) clearance from the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration to market and sell Alatech’s Envy
TM
condom manufactured with
Vytex NRL. The Envy condom will be the first medical product available in the
U.S. made from Vytex NRL and it will carry labeling that will reflect the lowest
antigenic protein content currently available in a natural rubber latex medical
device.
As
previously discussed in Note 2, in April 2009 the Company reopened the private
placement previously closed in October 2008 to existing shareholders and
qualified investors for a period not to exceed May 28, 2009. For the period
April 27, 2009 through May 28, 2009 the Company has received $576,000 and
issued 288,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase an
additional 144,000 shares of common stock.
In May
2009, as previously discussed in Note 2, the Company is preparing a second
pre-effective amendment to its Form S-1, Registration Statement under the
Securities Act of 1933. The structure in the initial filing, which
included issuing 600,000 shares of its common stock to stockholders of UCM
contingent upon the acceptance of the registration statement, has been abandoned
in this amendment. Under the terms of the August 15, 2008 agreement
with UCM (previously discussed in Note 8), that agreement has terminated.
4,803,338
Shares
of
Common
Stock
Vystar
Corporation
Prospectus
_________,
2009
Until ______, 2009,
all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether
or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus.
This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when
acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments on
subscriptions
PART II
INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item
13.
Other
Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The
following table indicates the expenses to be incurred in connection with the
distribution and resale offering described in this Registration Statement, other
than underwriting discounts and commissions, all of which will be paid by the
Registrant. All amounts are estimated except the Securities and Exchange
Commission registration fee and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
fee.
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities
and Exchange Commission registration fee
|
|
$
|
536
|
|
Accountants’
fees and expenses
|
|
|
32,000
|
|
Legal
fees and expenses
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
Transfer
Agent’s fees and expenses
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
Printing
and engraving expenses
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
Total
Expenses
|
|
$
|
272,536
|
|
Item
14.
Indemnification
of Directors and Officers.
As
permitted by Georgia law, provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws
limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors. Our articles of
incorporation and bylaws limit the liability of directors to the maximum extent
permitted by Georgia law. Georgia law provides that directors of a corporation
will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breaches of their
fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:
\
|
·
|
any breach of the director’s duty
of loyalty to us or our
shareholders;
|
|
·
|
any act or omission not in good
faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of
law;
|
|
·
|
any unlawful payments related to
dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other
distributions; or
|
|
·
|
any transaction from which the
director derived an improper personal
benefit.
|
These
limitations do not apply to liabilities arising under federal securities laws
and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies, including injunctive
relief or rescission. If Georgia law is amended to authorize the further
elimination or limiting of a director, then the liability of our directors will
be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Georgia law as so
amended.
As
permitted by Georgia law, our articles of incorporation and bylaws also provide
that:
|
·
|
we will indemnify our directors
and officers to the fullest extent permitted by
law;
|
|
·
|
we may indemnify our other
employees and other agents to the same extent that we indemnify our
officers and directors, unless otherwise determined by the board of
directors; and
|
|
·
|
we will advance expenses to our
directors and executive officers in connection with legal proceedings in
connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by
law.
|
The
indemnification provisions contained in our articles of incorporation and bylaws
are not exclusive.
The
Registrant maintains a general liability insurance policy which covers certain
liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or
omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.
Item
15.
Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities.
Set forth
below is information regarding shares of common stock, warrants and options to
purchase common stock issued by the Registrant within the past three years that
were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities
Act. Also included is the consideration, if any, received by the Registrant for
such shares, warrants and options and information relating to the section of the
Securities Act, or rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which
exemption from registration was claimed.
(a)
Common
Stock and Warrant Financings
From
December 2005 through July 2007, the Registrant issued 1,430,632 shares of
its common stock at a price of $1.50 per share. In connection with such
offering, the Registrant issued one warrant to purchase one share of common
stock at an exercise price of $.50 per share for each share of common stock
purchased. From October 2006 through May 2008, the Registrant issued 1,198,066
shares of common stock upon the exercise of such warrants (and warrants issued
prior to December 2005) at $.50 per share.
From May
2008 through May 2009, the Registrant issued 1,477,000 shares of its
common stock at a price of $2.00 per share. In connection with such offering,
the Registrant issued one warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an
exercise price of $1.00 per share for each two shares of common stock purchased.
In September 2008, the Registrant issued 5,000 shares of common stock upon the
exercise of such warrants at $1.00 per share.
From June
2006 through May 28, 2009 the Registrant issued 164,902 shares of its
common stock for services rendered to the Registrant.
(b)
Stock
Option Grants
Since
November 2005, the Registrant has issued options to certain employees and
consultants to purchase an aggregate of 2,800,00 shares of common
stock at exercise prices from $1.00 to $1.50. Through the date hereof, none of
such options have been exercised.
(c)
Application
of Securities Laws and Other Matters
No
underwriters were involved in the foregoing sales of securities. The securities
described in section (a) of this Item 15 were issued to investors in
reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities
Act, as set forth in Section 4(2) under the Securities Act and
Regulation D promulgated thereunder, as applicable, relative to sales by an
issuer not involving any public offering, to the extent an exemption from such
registration was required.
The
issuance of stock options as described in section (b) of this Item 15
were issued pursuant to written compensatory plans or arrangements with the
Registrant’s employees, directors and consultants, in reliance on the exemption
provided by Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act. All recipients
either received adequate information about the Registrant or had access, through
employment or other relationships, to such information.
All of
the foregoing securities are deemed restricted securities for purposes of the
Securities Act. All certificates representing the issued shares of common stock,
warrants and options described in this Item 15 included appropriate legends
setting forth that the securities had not been registered and the applicable
restrictions on transfer.
Item
16.
Exhibits.
The
exhibits to the Registration Statement are listed in the Exhibit Index
attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein.
Item
17.
Undertakings.
(a) The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this registration statement;
(i) To
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended;
(ii) To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date
of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment
thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change
in the information set forth in the registration statement; and
(iii) To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to
such information in the registration statement.
(2) That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933,
each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
(3) To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
(4) That,
for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any
purchaser:
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(i)
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If
the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to
Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering,
other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than
prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of
and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used
after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a
registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration
statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by
reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of
the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract
of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that
was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the
registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to
such date of first use.
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Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may
be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter
has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of
such issue.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly
caused this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City
of Duluth, State of Georgia, on this 4th day of August, 2009.
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Vystar
Corporation
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By:
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/s/ William
R. Doyle
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William
R. Doyle
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Chairman,
President and Chief Executive
Officer
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Each
person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints William R. Doyle
his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, acting alone, with full power of
substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in
any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post effective
amendments) to this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement
on Form S-1, and to sign any registration statement for the same offering
covered by this Registration Statement that is to be effective upon filing
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and
all post effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits
thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Commission,
granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do
and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in
and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or
could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorney-in-fact and agent, acting alone, or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Signature
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Title
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Date
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/s/
WILLIAM R. DOYLE
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Chairman,
President, Chief Executive
Officer
and Director (Principal Executive
Officer)
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August
4, 2009
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/s/ LINDA
S. HAMMOCK
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Chief
Financial Officer
(Principal
Financial and Accounting
Officer)
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/s/
J. DOUGLAS CRAFT*
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Director
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/s/
MITSY Y. MANGUM*
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Director
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/s/
W. DEAN WATERS*
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Director
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*By
William R. Doyle, attorney in fact.
Exhibit
Index *
*
Some Exhibits have certain confidential information redacted pursuant to a
request for confidential treatment
Exhibit
Number
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Description
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3.1
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Articles
of Incorporation of Vystar Acquisition Corporation (now named Vystar
Corporation) dated December 17, 2003 (as amended) (previously filed)
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3.2
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Bylaws
of Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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4.1
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Specimen
Certificate evidencing shares of Vystar common stock (previously filed)
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4.2
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Form
of Share Subscription Agreements and Investment Letter (First Private
Placement)
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4.3
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Form
of Share Subscription Agreement and Investment Letter (Second Private
Placement)
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4.4
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Form
of Vystar Corporation Investor Questionnaire and Subscription Agreement
(Third Private Placement)
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5.1
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Opinion
of Greenberg Traurig LLP
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10.1*
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Manufacturing
Agreement between Vystar Corporation and Revertex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
effective April 1, 2008 (previously filed)
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10.2
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Executive
Employment Agreement between Vystar Corporation and William R. Doyle,
dated November 11, 2008 (previously filed)
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10.3
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Management
Agreement dated January 31, 2008 between Universal Capital Management,
Inc. and Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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10.4
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Letter
Agreement dated August 15, 2008 between Universal Capital Management, Inc.
and Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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10.5
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Addendum
to Management Agreement dated February 29, 2008 between Universal Capital
Management, Inc. and Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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10.6
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Warrant
Purchase Agreement dated January 31, 2008 between Universal Capital
Management, Inc. and Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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10.7
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Management
Agreement dated April 30, 2008 between Universal Capital Management, Inc.
and Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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10.8
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Warrant
Purchase Agreement dated April 30, 2008 between Universal Capital
Management, Inc. and Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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10.9
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Vystar
Corporation 2004 Long-Term Compensation Plan, as amended (previously
filed)
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10.10
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Employment
Agreement between Vystar Corporation and Sandra Parker dated April 1, 2008
(previously filed)
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10.11
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First
Amendment to Employment Agreement dated July 1, 2009, between Vystar
Corporation and Sandra Parker.
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10.12*
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Distributor
Agreement among Vystar Corporation, Centrotrade Minerals & Metals,
Inc. and Centrotrade Deutschland, GmbH dated January 6, 2009 (previously
filed)
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10.13
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Note
agreement between Vystar Corporation and Climax Global Energy, Inc. dated
August 15, 2008 (previously filed)
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10.14
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Lockup
Agreement with Glen W. Smotherman dated July 30,
2009.
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21.1
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Subsidiaries
of Vystar Corporation (previously filed)
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23.1
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Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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23.2
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Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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23.3
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Consent
of Greenberg Traurig, LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
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24.1
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Powers
of Attorney (included on signature page) (previously filed)
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*
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Confidential treatment requested
as to certain portions, which portions have been omitted and filed
separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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