As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 2011
Registration No. 333-
 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
( Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter )

Washington
 
3823
 
26-2056298
( State or other jurisdiction of
 incorporation or organization )
 
( Primary Standard Industrial
 Classification Code Number )
 
( I.R.S. Employer
 Identification No. )

12870 Interurban Avenue South
Seattle, Washington 98168
(206) 673-4848
( Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices )

Richard Rutkowski
Chief Executive Officer
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
12870 Interurban Avenue South
Seattle, Washington 98168
(206) 673-4848
( Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service )

Copies to :
Erick Richardson, Esq.
Kevin Friedmann, Esq.
Edgar D. Park, Esq.
Richardson & Patel, LLP
750 Third Avenue, 9 th Floor
New York, New York 10017
Fax: (917) 591-6898

As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
( Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public )

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.   x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):

Large accelerated filer     o
 
Accelerated filer      o
Non-accelerated filer       o
 
Smaller reporting company   x
( Do not check if a smaller reporting company )
   
 
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
 
Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered
 
Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price (1)
   
Amount of
Registration
Fee
 
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (2)
  $ 18,000,000     $ 2,089.80  
Underwriter Warrant (3)(4)
  $ 100        
Shares of Common Stock underlying Underwriter’s Warrant
  $ 1,800,000     $ 208.98  
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (5)
  $ 9,183,780     $ 1,066.24  
Total
          $ 3,365.02  
 

(1)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
   
(2)
Offered pursuant to the registrant’s initial public offering, including shares of our common stock amounting to 15% of the shares offered to the public, that the underwriter has the option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.
   
(3)
No registration fee required pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933.
   
(4)
 
(5)
Represents a warrant granted to the underwriter to purchase up to shares of common stock amounting to 10% of the number of shares sold to the public in this offering.
 
Represents shares of the registrant’s common stock being offered for resale by the selling security holders named in this registration statement.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 
 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This registration statement contains two forms of prospectus, as set forth below.

 
Public Offering Prospectus .  A prospectus to be used for the initial public offering by the Registrant of $________________ of common stock (the “Public Offering Prospectus”) through the underwriter named on the cover page of the Public Offering Prospectus.

 
• 
Selling Security Holder Prospectus .  A prospectus to be used in connection with the potential resale by certain selling security holders of up to an aggregate of 1,530,630 shares of the registrant’s common stock (the “Selling Security Holder Prospectus”).
 
The Public Offering Prospectus and the Selling Security Holder Prospectus will be identical in all respects except for the following principal points:

 
• 
they contain different front covers;

 
• 
they contain different tables of contents;

 
• 
the summary of The Offering is deleted from the Selling Security Holder Prospectus;

 
• 
they contain different Use of Proceeds sections;

 
• 
a Shares Registered for Resale section is included in the Selling Security Holder Prospectus;

 
the Underwriting section from the Public Offering Prospectus is deleted from the Selling Security Holder Prospectus and a Plan of Distribution section is inserted in its place;

 
• 
the Legal Matters section in the Selling Security Holder Prospectus deletes the reference to counsel for the underwriter; and

 
• 
they contain different back covers.

The registrant has included in this registration statement, after the financial statements, a set of alternate pages to reflect the foregoing differences between the Selling Security Holder Prospectus and the Public Offering Prospectus.

 
 

 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND WE ARE NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
 
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED __________

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

__________ Shares of Common Stock
 
CLEARSIGN
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation is offering ________ shares of its common stock, $0.0001 par value.

This is an initial public offering of our common stock.  There is presently no public market for our common stock.  We intend to apply for listing of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market   under the symbol “____”, which listing we expect to occur upon consummation of this offering.   No assurance can be given that our application will be approved. If the application is not approved, we will not complete this offering.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.  See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
   
Per Share
   
Total
 
Public offering price
  $       $    
Underwriting discounts and commissions
  $       $    
Proceeds to us (before expenses)
  $       $    

The underwriter also may purchase additional shares of our common stock amounting to 15% of the number of shares stated above, within 45 days of the date of this prospectus to cover over-allotments, if any, on the same terms set forth above.

In connection with this offering, we have also agreed to issue to MDB Capital Group LLC a warrant to purchase shares of our common stock in an amount up to 10% of the shares of common stock sold in this offering, with an exercise price equal to the per-share public offering price.

The underwriter expects to deliver the shares on or about _____________________, 2011.

MDB Capital Group LLC

The date of this prospectus is _______________, 2011.

 
 

 

COVPG2

 
i

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
   
Page
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
  1
SUMMARY SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
  6
RISK FACTORS
  7
BUSINESS
  16
PROPERTIES
  39
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
  40
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
  44
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
  50
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
  52
DIVIDEND POLICY AND OTHER SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
  57
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
  58
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
  58
UNDERWRITING
  59
USE OF PROCEEDS
  63
CAPITALIZATION
  64
DILUTION
  64
LEGAL MATTERS
  65
EXPERTS
  65
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
  65
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
  66
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “ClearSign,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to ClearSign Combustion Corporation.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus.  We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information.  The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock.

No dealer, salesperson or any other person is authorized in connection with this offering to give any information or make any representations about us, the securities offered hereby or any matter discussed in this prospectus, other than those contained in this prospectus and, if given or made, the information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.  This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security other than the securities offered by this prospectus, or an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities by anyone in any circumstance in which the offer or solicitation is not authorized or is unlawful.

 
ii

 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events.  You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts.  You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “will” or other similar expressions in this prospectus.  These statements may be found under the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” included in this prospectus, as well as in this prospectus generally.  In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products, applications, customers, technologies, future performance or results of anticipated products, expenses, and financial results.  These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections.  Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

 
· 
Our limited cash and a history of losses;
 
 
· 
Our ability to achieve profitability;
 
 
· 
Our limited operating history;
 
 
· 
Our industry being characterized by emerging competition and rapidly advancing technology;
 
 
· 
Customer demand for the products and services we develop;
 
 
· 
The impact of competitive or alternative products, technologies and pricing;
 
 
· 
Our ability to manufacture any products we develop;
 
 
· 
General economic conditions and events and the impact they may have on us and our potential customers;
 
 
· 
Our ability to obtain adequate financing in the future;
 
 
· 
Our ability to continue as a going concern;
 
 
· 
Our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items; and
 
 
· 
Other factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus.
 
The forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions and are made as of the date of this prospectus.  We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this prospectus or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by federal securities laws.  Actual future results may vary materially as a result of various factors, including, without limitation, the risks outlined under the section entitled “Risk Factors” and matters described in this prospectus generally.  In light of these risks and uncertainties, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus will in fact occur.  You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Third Party Data

We obtained statistical data, market data and other industry data and forecasts used throughout this prospectus from publicly available information.   While we believe that the statistical data, market data and other industry data and forecasts are reliable and we are responsible for all of the disclosure in this prospectus, we have not independently verified the data.
 
 
iii

 

Prospectus Summary

This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision.  You should carefully read this entire prospectus, as well as the information to which we refer you, before deciding whether to invest in our common stock.  You should pay special attention to the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus to determine whether an investment in our common stock is appropriate for you.

This registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, contains additional relevant information about us and our securities.  With respect to the statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any agreement or any other document, in each instance, the statement is qualified in all respects by the complete text of the agreement or document, a copy of which has been filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement.

About ClearSign Combustion Corporation

We design, develop and market technologies that aim to improve key performance characteristics of combustion systems including energy efficiency, emissions control, fuel flexibility and overall cost effectiveness. Our Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ (ECC™) technology introduces a computer-controlled electric field into the combustion zone to improve control of flame shape and heat transfer.  This same technique can also be used to optimize the complex chemical reactions that occur during combustion in order to minimize harmful emissions while maximizing system efficiency.

While in principle our technology can be applied at any scale, we believe the potential cost savings and economic benefits to large-scale combustion systems, such as those used to provide heat for industrial processes or to generate electric power, are considerable.  We believe that our technology will allow customers to benefit from substantially reduced costs associated with the construction (including refurbishment and upgrade), operation and maintenance of these systems, as compared to combustion systems that use currently available technology.  We believe that our technology may also substantially reduce the cost of compliance with air quality regulations as compared to the current generation of air pollution control (APC) technologies.  Electrodynamic Combustion Control is, to our knowledge, the only combustion technology that exists today that has the ability to simultaneously improve emissions control performance and meet regulatory standards, while yielding a significant increase in energy efficiency.  Our technology can be adapted to various fuel types and multiple system sizes and configurations, and can be deployed on both a retrofit and new-build basis.

We were incorporated in Washington on January 23, 2008.  The address of our corporate headquarters is 12870 Interurban Avenue South, Seattle, Washington 98168 and our telephone number is (206) 673-4848.  Our website can be accessed at www.clearsigncombustion.com .  The information contained on or that may be obtained from our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

Our Industry
 
Nearly two-thirds of the world’s total energy consumption is accounted for by combustion of hydrocarbon and other fuels in boilers, furnaces, kilns and turbines. These are used to generate electrical power, to provide heat for all manner of industrial processes and for building heat. The combined value of these capital assets in the United States alone is in the trillions of dollars and they consume and produce more than 50 quadrillion British thermal units (Btus) of energy annually in the U.S.  In order to maximize energy efficiency while keeping pace with regulatory guidelines for air pollution emissions, operators of these systems invest billions of dollars each year installing, maintaining and upgrading a variety of costly process control, air pollution control and monitoring systems.
 
 
1

 
 
Our Proprietary Technology
 
Overview .  We have developed a proprietary technology platform that we believe may increase energy efficiency, and improve fuel flexibility and environmental performance for most types of industrial and commercial combustion systems.  These systems account for the majority of energy utilization worldwide, and include those used in:
 
 
· 
electrical power generation,
 
 
· 
the hydrocarbon and chemical processing industries,
 
 
· 
petroleum refining, and
 
 
· 
all manner of industrial and commercial steam generation and industrial process heat.

Technical requirements .  Our technology consists, in its simplest form, of four major components: (a) a computer, (b) software delivering proprietary algorithms to (c) a power amplifier (resident outside the combustion chamber) and (d) electrode(s) (inside the combustion chamber).  The electrodes are designed to best suit the specific geometry of a given installation.  Because the system’s basic components are available ‘off the shelf’, or require manufacturing techniques that are well within the current state of the art, ClearSign does not depend on any third-party external technology that has not yet been developed.

ClearSign’s Electrodynamic Combustion Control technology makes use of computer-controlled high-voltage electric fields to manipulate the movement of electrically charged molecules (ions) that are a natural product of the combustion process.  The pulsed field creates very powerful electrostatic forces (body forces) within the flame and the surrounding gas cloud. These forces can be manipulated to precisely control flame shape and the transfer of heat to, through, or away from a surface as desired.  Because we can selectively target and mobilize specific charged molecules, our technology provides an unprecedented level of precision for optimizing combustion chemistry to suppress formation of pollutants at the flame source.
 
This approach enables multiple effects to be applied individually or in combination, including the following:
 
 
· 
Better combustion – less unburned fuel and better fuel/air mixing increases efficiency and reduces pollutant formation.
 
 
· 
Superior flame quality – optimizes flame shape and flame stability to maximize energy efficiency.
 
 
· 
Precision control of heat transfer – increases thermal efficiency and therefore, fuel efficiency.
 
 
· 
Control over combustion reaction chemistry – enables control over flame chemistry, which can selectively promote, suppress, retard or accelerate chemical reactions as desired to minimize formation of pollutants and enhance pollution abatement.
 
 
· 
Agglomeration of particulate – particulate matter in exhaust is formed into large, more easily removed clusters, which are much more efficiently removed compared to particulate generated by existing technologies.
 
The gain in energy efficiency provided by our technology in boilers, kilns, furnaces and turbines stems in part from our ability to precisely control the flow of hot gases within a gas volume.   In most cases, efficiency is increased by increasing heat flux onto targeted surfaces and reducing heat loss from other surfaces.  Additionally, because the formation of pollutants is greatly reduced at the source, the ‘load’ placed on downstream pollution control equipment is also reduced, lowering both capital and operating expense and yielding a positive return on investment for system operators.
 
 
2

 
 
Intellectual Property.   Our background research has not identified any prior art that would affect our freedom to operate. To date, ClearSign has conceived and recorded, and is diligently working toward reduction to practice or constructive reduction to practice on, more than 100 inventions that we believe represent proprietary, patentable subject matter. To date, we have filed eleven patent applications and plan to prepare and file more.  See “Intellectual Property Protection” for additional information.

Prototypes and Experimental Data.   We have designed and/or built several prototype systems: a small “bench-top” configuration of 5,000 Btu/hour, a larger system of 25,000 Btu/hour and a commercially referenceable scale reactor of 250,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hour to demonstrate the technology with both pre-mixed and diffusion flames.  This reactor can accommodate a variety of fuel types and can be up-, down-, or side-fired.  We have conducted numerous experiments using a variety of analytical and measurement tools to record data relating to heat transfer, heat distribution, pollutant formation, flame shape and other parameters.  The results we have obtained from these prototypes suggest our technology will address some of the key challenges and priorities expressed by our market partners, indicating what we believe will be a rapid path to commercialization and a robust product pipeline. ClearSign’s ability to control and improve both flame chemistry and heat transfer in commercial-scale configurations for multiple fuels indicates a wide range of potential applications.

Our repeated tests using multiple fuel types including coal, tire-derived-fuel (TDF) and wood, have shown reductions in visible particulate matter (PM) of over 90% (using EPA test Method 9, a measure of visible opacity at timed intervals), with significant, simultaneous reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) and exit gas temperature (indicative of superior heat transfer to the process).  In testing we have achieved such reductions in unburned carbon, CO, and particulates without increased NO X emissions.  We have also demonstrated the ability to selectively and precisely control flame shape, heat transfer and heat distribution.

Early experiments and designs by us also suggest improvements in flame stability and that the technology could be retrofitted to or even replace Low and Ultra-Low NO X burners. This may result in the potential efficiency increases on the order of 20% to 30% for a large number of industrial gas-fired boilers.

Key technical challenges .  As with any new industrial technology, scaling our technology from lab prototype to a field-operating unit will require deliberate staging from the initial retrofit installation of systems of a “meaningful but manageable” scale, to progressively larger and more complex systems.  We are currently beginning testing a system with a 1,000,000 Btu/hr burner, which is similar in size to the wall-fired burners used in some configurations of steam methane reformers (SMR) used in the production of hydrogen. Because of the large numbers, wide variety and varying capacities of combustion systems, we believe we will be able to identify and target progressively larger systems without requiring significant ‘step-function’ increases in scale.

Our Target Markets

Overview .   We believe that both the industrial combustion and power generation segments offer enormous opportunity for us with a total addressable market for ClearSign ECC estimated to be between $5.4 billion and $12.8 billion in the United States alone. Each segment, however, has significantly different design-build and sales cycles.  The power generation opportunity is characterized by large individual installations (ranging into the billions of dollars), with longer times to revenue.  Industrial combustion systems are generally smaller, much more numerous, and tend to be represented by a manageable number of design variations.  For this reason, we intend to target the retrofit of industrial combustion systems as an early market entry point, using techniques developed from these early installations to inform the design of systems for larger utility boilers.
 
 
3

 
 
Partners .  We intend to form research and development partnerships in order to further develop and commercialize our technology.  Among the types of partners ClearSign will seek to establish relationships with are:

 
· 
Industry research groups, whose mission is the development and testing of new technologies for the eventual benefit of their member companies;
 
 
· 
Government entities such as the U.S. Department of Energy, that are chartered with the development of longer-range and potentially disruptive energy technologies;
 
 
· 
Engineering and Construction (E&C) companies interested in differentiating their offerings while increasing profitability;
 
 
· 
Large OEMs interested in the competitive advantage ClearSign’s technology might provide.
 

ClearSign plans to initially market solutions that will enable cost-effective retrofitting of our technology onto existing, standard system designs to simultaneously improve both their energy efficiency and pollution control characteristics.  ClearSign also believes that, as a next-stage development effort, our technology will form the basis of completely redesigned, next-generation combustion systems with disruptive performance characteristics, offering benefits to operators which are not possible using conventional system designs.

We believe that our Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ technology has the potential to transform industries that rely upon combustion, and is broadly applicable in large, scalable, global markets.
 
Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.  You should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus, as well as other information included in this prospectus, including our financial statements and the notes thereto, before making an investment decision.
 
 
4

 

THE OFFERING

The following summary contains basic information about our initial public offering and our common stock and is not intended to be complete.  It does not contain all the information that may be important to you.  For a more complete understanding of our common stock, please refer to the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Capital Stock.”
 
Issuer
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation.
     
Common stock offered by us
 
__________ shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
     
Over-allotment option
 
We have granted our underwriter, MDB Capital Group LLC, an option to purchase up to an additional ____________ shares of common stock within 45 days of the date of this prospectus in order to cover over-allotments, if any.
     
Common stock outstanding prior to this offering
 
4,118,114 shares of common stock (1)(2)
     
Common stock outstanding after this offering
 
_________ shares of common stock (1)(2)
     
Use of Proceeds
 
We intend to use the net proceeds from our sale of common stock in this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.  See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.
     
Market and trading symbol for the common stock
 
There is currently no market for our common stock.  We intend to apply for listing of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “____”.
     
Underwriter common stock purchase warrant
 
In connection with this offering, we have also agreed to sell to MDB Capital Group LLC a warrant to purchase up to 10% of the shares of common stock sold in this offering.  If this warrant is exercised, each share may be purchased by MDB Capital Group LLC at $_____ per share (100% of the price of the shares sold in this offering.)
     
Lockup Agreements
 
Each of our officers, directors and shareholders beneficially owning 5% or more of our common stock   have agreed that for a period of six months from the effective date of this offering, they will be subject to a lockup prohibiting any sales, transfers or hedging transactions in our securities held by them.  See section titled “Lockup Agreements” in this prospectus.
 

(1)
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2011 and, excludes:

 
· 
290,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan at a weighted average exercise price of $2.75 per share;
 
 
· 
173,091 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under outstanding warrant agreements, at a weighted average exercise price of $2.57 per share.
 
 
· 
110,000 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.
 
Unless otherwise specifically stated, information throughout this prospectus assumes that none of our outstanding options or warrants to purchase shares of our common stock are exercised.

(2)
Unless otherwise indicated, the number of shares of common stock presented in this prospectus excludes shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option.

 
5

 

SUMMARY SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
The table below includes historical selected financial data for each of the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The table below also includes historical financial data for the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, derived from our unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
You should read the historical selected financial information presented below in conjunction with the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section and our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
 
 
  
For the Years Ended
December 31,
   
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  
2010
   
2009
   
2011
   
2010
 
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS:                   (Unaudited)  
Operating Expenses
  
                             
    Research and Development
  
$
-
    $
2,436
    $
120,138
    $
-
 
    General and Administrative
  
 
395,338
     
526,336
     
1,479,329
     
210,791
 
     Total Operating Expenses
   
395,338
     
528,772
     
1,599,467
     
210,791
 
Loss from Operations
  
 
(395,338)
     
(528,772)
     
(1,599,467)
     
(210,791)
 
Other Income (Expense)
  
 
(249)
     
-
     
1,045
     
-
 
 
  
                             
Net loss
  
$
(395,587)
   
$
(528,772)
   
$
(1,598,422)
   
$
(210,791)
 
         
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
  
$
(0.18)
   
$
(0.25)
   
$
(0.52)
   
$
(0.10)
 
 
  
                             
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
  
 
2,235,426
  
   
2,104,325
  
   
3,052,036
  
   
2,205,067
  
 
 
  
December 31,
   
June 30,
 
 
  
2010
   
2009
   
2011
   
2010
 
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION:               (Unaudited)  
Working Capital
  
$
(373,948)
   
(246,006)
   
 $
1,863,519
   
 $
(380,459)
 
Total Assets
  
 
100,522
     
56,724
     
2,553,047
     
47,158
 
Total Current Liabilities
  
 
417,328
     
246,055
     
615,29 9
     
380,459
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
  
 
(316,806)
     
(189,331)
     
1,937,748
     
(333,301)
 

 
6

 

RISK FACTORS

We are subject to various risks that may materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.  An investment in our common stock is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. In evaluating an investment in shares of our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below, together with the other information included in this prospectus.

The risks described below are not the only risks we face.  If any of the events described in the following risk factors actually occurs, or if additional risks and uncertainties later materialize, that are not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, then our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.  In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our shares.  The risks discussed below include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements.
 
Risks Related to Our Business

We are a company with a limited operating history and our future profitability is uncertain.  We anticipate future losses and negative cash flow, which may limit or delay our ability to become profitable.

We are a company with a limited operating history and no revenues to date.  We expect to expend significant resources on research and development, intellectual property protection, consulting services, advertising, hiring of personnel and general and administrative operating costs.  We aim to obtain the necessary working capital for operations through the offering and sale of our securities, but we may not be able to obtain financing in amounts sufficient to finance our business plans.  We have not yet demonstrated our ability to generate revenue, and we may not be able to produce revenues or operate on a profitable basis.  As a result, we have incurred losses since our inception and expect to experience operating losses and negative cash flow for the foreseeable future.  As of June 30, 2011, we had a total accumulated deficit of $3,112,365.

We anticipate our losses will continue to increase from current levels because we expect to incur additional costs and expenses related to prototype development, consulting costs, laboratory development costs, marketing and other promotional activities, the addition of engineering and manufacturing personnel, and the continued development of relationships with strategic business partners.  Nonetheless, it is not possible to provide assurances that the products we develop will become commercially viable, generate revenues, or become profitable.  Even if commercially viable applications for our technology are developed, we may not fully recover our research and development expenses.

Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph to the effect that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
 
Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph to the effect that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.  This unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.  See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Note 2 to our financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

We have no committed sources of capital and do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed on terms that are acceptable, if at all.  This going concern statement from our independent registered public accounting firm may discourage some investors from purchasing our stock or from providing alternative capital financing to us.  The failure to satisfy our capital requirements will adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
 
 
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Unless we raise additional funds, either through the sale of equity securities or one or more collaborative arrangements, we will not have sufficient funds to continue operations.  Even if we take these actions, they may be insufficient, particularly if our costs are higher than projected or unforeseen expenses arise.

We may be required to raise additional financing by issuing new securities, which may have terms or rights superior to those of our shares of common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock and our business.

We will require additional financing to fund future operations, including expansion, capital costs and the costs of any necessary implementation of technological innovations or alternative technologies.  We may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms, if at all.  If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the percentage ownership of our then-current shareholders will be reduced.  Further, we may have to offer new investors in our equity securities rights that are superior to the holders of common stock, which could adversely affect the market price and the voting power of shares of our common stock.  If we raise additional funds by issuing debt securities, the holders of these debt securities would similarly have some rights senior to those of the holders of shares of common stock, and the terms of these debt securities could impose restrictions on operations and create a significant interest expense for us which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Current worldwide economic conditions may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

The United States economy has recently experienced, and continues to experience, slower growth.  Some financial and economic analysts predict that the world economy may be entering into a period of prolonged slow economic growth characterized by high unemployment, limited availability of credit, increased rates of default and bankruptcy, and decreased consumer and business spending.  These developments, if they occur, could negatively affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition in a number of ways.  For example, recent worldwide economic developments have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on the global credit markets.  Credit has tightened significantly in the last several years, resulting in financing terms that are less attractive to borrowers, and in many cases, the unavailability of certain types of debt financing.  If these economic conditions continue or worsen, and if we are required to obtain debt financing during some stage of our development to meet our working capital or other business needs, we may not be able to obtain that financing.  Further, even if we are able to obtain the financing we need, it may be on terms that are not favorable to us, with increased financing costs and restrictive covenants.

If we do not receive additional financing when and as needed in the future, we may not be able to continue the research, development and commercialization of our technology and materials.

Our business is highly capital-intensive, and requires significant capital investments in order for it to develop to its potential.  We will likely require substantial additional funds in excess of our current financial resources in the future for research, development and commercialization of our technology, to obtain and maintain patents and other intellectual property rights in our technology, and for working capital and other purposes, the timing and amount of which are difficult to ascertain.  Our cash on hand will likely not be sufficient to meet all of our future needs.  When and as we need additional funds, such funds may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.  If we cannot obtain additional funding when and as needed, our business might fail.  Additionally, if we attempt to raise funds in a future offering of shares of our common stock, preferred stock or warrants, or if we engage in acquisitions involving the issuance of such securities, the issuance of these shares could dilute the ownership of our then-existing security holders.
 
 
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Our brand name and technology may not achieve recognition in our market segment, and if this were to occur our results of operations and financial condition would suffer.
 
Our brand name and technology are new and unproven.  If we are unable to effectively develop and timely promote our brand and technology and gain recognition in our market segment, we may not be able to successfully achieve sales revenue and our results of operations and financial condition would then suffer.  Our ability to achieve future revenue will depend highly upon the awareness of our potential customers of our products, services and solutions.  While we plan to achieve this brand recognition and awareness over time, there cannot be assurance that awareness and recognition of our brand will develop in a manner or pace that is necessary for us to achieve profitability in the near term.

We may fail to adequately protect our proprietary technology, which would allow our competitors to take advantage of our research and development efforts.
 
Our long-term success largely depends on our ability to market our technology.  We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret and other intellectual property laws, confidentiality and security procedures and contractual provisions to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology, products and processes.  If we fail to obtain or maintain these protections, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary technologies.  Our pending or future patent applications may not result in issued patents.  In addition, any patents issued to us in the future may not contain claims sufficiently broad to protect us against third parties with similar technologies or products or from third parties infringing such patents or misappropriating our trade secrets or provide us with any competitive advantage.  In addition, effective patent and other intellectual property protection may be unenforceable or limited in foreign countries.  If a third party initiates litigation regarding the validity of our patents, and is successful, a court could revoke our patents or limit the scope of coverage for those patents.

We also rely upon trade secrets, proprietary know-how and continuing technological innovation to remain competitive.  We protect this information with reasonable security measures, including the use of confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and confidentiality agreements with strategic partners.  It is possible that these agreements may not be sufficient or that these individuals or companies may breach these agreements and that any remedies for a breach will be insufficient to allow us to recover our costs and damages.  Furthermore, our trade secrets, know-how and other technology may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors.

We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights.
 
A third party may sue us or one of our current or future strategic collaborators for infringing its intellectual property rights.  Likewise, we may need to resort to litigation to enforce our patent rights or to determine the scope and validity of third-party intellectual property rights.  The cost to us of any litigation or other proceeding relating to intellectual property rights, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial, and the litigation would divert our efforts.  Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources.  If we do not prevail in this type of litigation, we or our strategic collaborators may be required to pay monetary damages; stop commercial activities relating to our product; obtain one or more licenses in order to secure the rights to continue manufacturing or marketing certain products; or attempt to compete in the market with substantially similar products.  Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could limit our ability to continue some of our operations.  In addition, a court may require that we pay expenses or damages, and litigation could disrupt our commercial activities.

If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes, our products may become obsolete.

The market for alternative energy products is characterized by significant and rapid technological change and innovation.  Although we intend to employ our technological capabilities to create innovative products and solutions that are practical and competitive in today’s marketplace, future research and discoveries by others may make our products and solutions less attractive or even obsolete compared to other alternatives that may emerge.

 
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Our efforts may never demonstrate the feasibility of our product.

Our research and development efforts remain subject to all of the risks associated with the development of new products based on emerging and innovative technologies, including without limitation unanticipated technical or other problems, our ability to scale our technology to large, industrial applications, conditions in the field during installation and the possible insufficiency of funds for completing development of these products.  Technical problems, including those specific to customer site implementation, may result in delays and cause us to incur additional expenses that would increase our losses.  If we cannot complete, or if we experience significant delays in completing, research and development of our technology for use in potential commercial applications, particularly after incurring significant expenditures, our business may fail.

Our technology and its industrial applications have not yet been safety tested.

There is inherent danger in dealing with the combustion process.  There is additional danger in modifying this process in ways that are new and, as yet, untested on a commercial scale. Although we have not yet encountered any areas of risk in the development or testing of our products beyond those already inherent in the combustion process or those particular to an industrial site, the Company may be exposed to liabilities should an industrial accident occur during development, testing, or operation in our laboratory or during field implementation of our technology.

We will depend on approval from various local, state and federal agencies to implement and operate our technology

Our technology includes augmentation of the combustion process, inclusion of an electric field to selectively promote, suppress, retard or accelerate chemical reactions as desired, and a resulting reduction in certain emissions and required air pollution control.  Field implementation of our technology will therefore require permits from various local, state and federal agencies that regulate mechanical and electrical infrastructure and fire and air pollution control.  Our technology may be subject to heightened scrutiny since it will be new to these governing bodies.  As such, there may be delays or rejections in applications of portions of or all of our technology in the individual jurisdictions involved.

Market acceptance of our technology is difficult to predict.

We cannot predict the rate of adoption or acceptance of our technology by customers, thought leaders or channel partners. While we may be able to effectively demonstrate the feasibility of our technology, this does not guarantee the market will accept it, nor can we control the rate at which such acceptance may be achieved. In certain of our market segments, there is a well-established channel with a limited number of companies engaged in reselling to our target customers. Failure to achieve productive relations with a sufficient number of these partners may impede adoption of our solutions. Additionally, some customers in our target industries are historically risk-averse and, on occasion, have been slow to adopt new technologies. If our target customers are slow to adopt our technology, we may require additional investment capital beyond the net proceeds of this offering in order to continue our operations.

Because our technology has not yet been fully developed or implemented, we are uncertain of our profit margins and  whether such profit margins, if achieved,  will be able to sustain our business.

We have neither completed laboratory testing, nor fully developed our product, cost of goods or pricing. As a result, we cannot predict our profit margins. Our operating costs could increase significantly compared to those we currently anticipate due to unanticipated results from the development process, application of our technology to unique or difficult processes, regulatory requirements and particular field implementations.  Further, we envision our pricing to be highly dependent on the benefits that our customers believe they will achieve using our products.  Accordingly, we cannot predict whether or when we will achieve profitability, and if achieved, the amount of such profit margins.
 
 
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Many of our potential competitors have greater resources, and it may be difficult to compete against them.

The alternative energy industry is characterized by intense competition.  Many of our potential competitors have better name recognition and substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, personnel and/or research capabilities than we do.  Although at this time we are unaware that any of our potential competitors have technology similar to ours, if and when we release products based on our technology, potential competitors may respond by developing and producing similar products.   Many firms in the alternative energy industry have made and continue to make substantial investments in improving their technologies and manufacturing processes.  In addition, they may be able to price their products below the marginal cost of production in an attempt to establish, retain or increase market share.  Because of these circumstances, it may be difficult for us to compete successfully in the alternative energy market.

The loss of the services of our key management and personnel or the failure to attract additional key personnel could adversely affect our ability to operate our business.

A loss of one or more of our current officers or key employees could severely and negatively impact our operations.  Specifically, the loss of services of Richard Rutkowski, Chief Executive Officer and President, or Joseph Colannino, Chief Technology Officer, could significantly harm our business.  We have no present intention of obtaining key-man life insurance on any of our executive officers or management.  Additionally, competition for highly skilled technical, managerial and other personnel is intense. As our business develops, we might not be able to attract, hire, train, retain and motivate the highly skilled managers and employees we need to be successful. If we fail to attract and retain the necessary technical and managerial personnel, our business will suffer and might fail.

Risks Related to this Offering and Owning Our Common Stock
 
Prior to the completion of our initial public offering, there was no public trading market for our common stock.

The offering under this prospectus is an initial public offering of our securities.  Prior to the closing of the offering, there will have been no public market for our Common Stock.  While we plan to list our shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we cannot assure you that our listing application will be approved, and that a public market for our common stock will develop.  If our Nasdaq listing application is not approved, we may not complete the offering.

If a public market for our common stock develops, it may be volatile.  This may affect the ability of our investors to sell their shares as well as the price at which they sell their shares.
 
If a market for our common stock develops, the market price for the shares may be significantly affected by factors such as variations in quarterly and yearly operating results, general trends in the alternative energy industry, and changes in state or federal regulations affecting us and our industry.  Furthermore, in recent years the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the affected companies.  Such broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, if a market for it develops.

We have the right to issue shares of preferred stock.  If we were to issue preferred stock, it is likely to have rights, preferences and privileges that may adversely affect the common stock.

We are authorized to issue 2,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, with such rights, preferences and privileges as may be determined from time-to-time by our board of directors.  However, no preferred stock is currently issued and outstanding.  Our board of directors is empowered, without shareholder approval, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, and to fix for any series the dividend rights, dissolution or liquidation preferences, redemption prices, conversion rights, voting rights, and other rights, preferences and privileges for the preferred stock.  No shares of preferred stock are presently issued and outstanding and we have no immediate plans to issue shares of preferred stock.  The issuance of shares of preferred stock, depending on the rights, preferences and privileges attributable to the preferred stock, could adversely reduce the voting rights and powers of the common stock and the portion of the Company’s assets allocated for distribution to common stock holders in a liquidation event, and could also result in dilution in the book value per share of the common stock we are offering.  The preferred stock could also be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method for raising additional capital or discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company, to the detriment of the investors in the common stock offered hereby.  We cannot assure you that the Company will not, under certain circumstances, issue shares of its preferred stock.
 
 
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We have not paid dividends in the past and have no immediate plans to pay dividends.

We plan to reinvest all of our earnings, to the extent we have earnings, in order to market our products and to cover operating costs and to otherwise become and remain competitive.  We do not plan to pay any cash dividends with respect to our securities in the foreseeable future.  We cannot assure you that we would, at any time, generate sufficient surplus cash that would be available for distribution to the holders of our common stock as a dividend.  Therefore, you should not expect to receive cash dividends on the common stock we are offering.

Management of our Company is within the control of the board of directors and the officers.  You should not purchase our common stock unless you are willing to entrust management of our Company to these individuals.

All decisions with respect to the management of the Company will be made by our board of directors and our officers, who will beneficially own ___% of our common stock to the extent all of the common stock we are offering is sold.  Holders of the common stock who purchase in this offering will not obtain majority control of the Company.  The shareholders prior to this offering, therefore, will retain the power to elect a majority of the board of directors who shall, in turn, have the power to appoint the officers of the Company and to determine, in accordance with their fiduciary duties and the business judgment rule, the direction, objectives and policies of the Company including, without limitation, the purchase of businesses or assets; the sale of all or a substantial portion of the assets of the Company; the merger or consolidation of the Company with another corporation; raising additional capital through financing and/or equity sources; the retention of cash reserves for future product development, expansion of our business and/or acquisitions; the filing of registration statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission for offerings of our capital stock; and transactions which may cause or prevent a change in control of the Company or its winding up and dissolution.  Accordingly, no investor should purchase the common stock we are offering unless such investor is willing to entrust all aspects of the management of the Company to such individuals.

We have a significant number of options and warrants outstanding and we may issue additional options in the future to employees, officers, directors, independent contractors and agents.  Sales of the underlying shares of common stock could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
 
As of September 30, 2011, we had outstanding options and warrants for the purchase of 290,000 and 173,091 shares of common stock, respectively.  Under the ClearSign Combustion Corporation 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), we have the ability to grant awards of options to employees, officers, directors, independent contractors and agents.  Furthermore, we have reserved an additional 110,000 shares of common stock for such awards and the Plan provides that this number may increase quarterly beginning on October 1, 2011 up to ten percent (10%) of the number of shares issued by the Company each quarter.  The holders may sell these shares in the public markets from time to time, without limitations on the timing, amount or method of sale.  If our stock price rises, the holders may exercise their warrants and options and sell a large number of shares.  This could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
 
 
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We will incur significant increased costs as a result of becoming a public company that reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission and our management will be required to devote substantial time to meet compliance obligations.

As a public company reporting to the Securities and Exchange Commission, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.  We will be subject to reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the Commission that impose significant requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices.  In addition, on July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Protection Act was enacted.  There are significant corporate governance and executive compensation-related provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act that are expected to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and may also place undue strain on our personnel, systems and resources.  Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these new compliance initiatives.  In addition, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage.  As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.

Even if the initial listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market is achieved, we may not continue to satisfy the Nasdaq Capital Market’s continued listing requirements, in which case our common stock may become subject to the “penny stock” rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Furthermore, the trading market in our securities may be limited, which will make transactions in our common stock cumbersome and may reduce the value of an investment in our common stock.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted Rule 3a51-1 which establishes the definition of a “penny stock,” for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that (i) has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share or (ii) is not registered on a national securities exchange or listed on an automated quotation system sponsored by a national securities exchange.  Currently, our common stock is subject to these “penny stock” rules.

For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, Rule 15g-9 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, referred to as the Exchange Act, requires:

 
· 
that a broker or dealer approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks; and
 
 
· 
the broker or dealer receive from the investor a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased.
 
In order to approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must:
 
 
· 
obtain financial information and the investment experience objectives of the person; and
 
 
· 
make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.
 
 
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The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form:

 
· 
sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination; and
 
 
· 
attests that the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.
 
Disclosure also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading, about the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies made available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions.  Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.

Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules.  This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our common stock.

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market.

From time to time, certain of our shareholders may be eligible to sell all or some of their shares of common stock by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market pursuant to Rule 144, promulgated under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.  In general, pursuant to Rule 144, non-affiliate shareholders may sell freely after six months subject only to the current public information requirement (which disappears after one year).  Affiliates may sell after six months subject to the Rule 144 volume, manner of sale (for equity securities), current public information and notice requirements.  Of the 4,118,114 shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2011, approximately 2,668,214 shares are held by “non-affiliates” and are, or will be, freely tradable without restriction, and the remaining shares are held by our “affiliates”, as of such date.  Any substantial sale of our common stock pursuant to Rule 144 or pursuant to any resale prospectus (including sales by investors of securities acquired in connection with this offering) may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

We may allocate the net proceeds from this offering in ways which differ from our estimates based on our current plans and assumptions discussed in the section titled "Use of Proceeds" and with which you may not agree.
 
The allocation of net proceeds of the offering set forth in the “Use of Proceeds” section below represents our estimates based upon our current plans and assumptions regarding industry and general economic conditions, our future revenues and expenditures.  The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including market conditions, cash generated by our operations, business developments and related rate of growth.  We may find it necessary or advisable to use portions of the proceeds from this offering for other purposes.  Circumstances that may give rise to a change in the use of proceeds and the alternate purposes for which the proceeds may be used are discussed in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds” below.  You may not have an opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial or other information on which we base our decisions on how to use our proceeds.  As a result, you and other shareholders may not agree with our decisions.  See "Use of Proceeds" for additional information.

You will experience immediate dilution in the book value per share of the common stock you purchase.
 
Because the price per share of our common stock being offered is substantially higher than the book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering.  Based on an assumed offering price of $____ per share, if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $______ per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock at December 31, 2010.  See the section titled “Dilution” below for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase common stock in this offering.
 
 
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A large number of shares may be sold in the market following this offering, which may depress the market price of our common stock.
 
A large number of shares may be sold in the market following this offering, which may depress the market price of our common stock.  Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market following this offering could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.  If there are more shares of common stock offered for sale than buyers are willing to purchase, then the market price of our common stock may decline to a market price at which buyers are willing to purchase the offered shares.  Upon completion of this offering and assuming the sale of all ____________ shares of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus, we will have approximately ____________ shares of our common stock outstanding.

Our charter documents and Washington law may inhibit a takeover that shareholders consider favorable.
 
Upon the closing of this offering, provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and bylaws and applicable provisions of Washington law may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in our control or change in our management, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our shareholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests.  The provisions in our Articles of Incorporation and bylaws:

 
· 
authorize our board of directors to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval and to designate the rights, preferences and privileges of each class; if issued, such preferred stock would increase the number of outstanding shares of our capital stock and could include terms that may deter an acquisition of us;
 
 
· 
limit who may call shareholder meetings;
 
 
· 
do not provide for cumulative voting rights; and
 
 
· 
provide that all vacancies may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, unless the vacant office is to be held by a director elected by the holders of one or more classes or series of shares entitled to vote thereon, in which case the vacancy can be filled only by the vote of the holders of such class or series.
 
In addition, Chapter 23B.19 of the Washington Revised Code generally limits our ability to engage in any business combination with a person who beneficially owns 10% or more of our outstanding voting stock unless certain conditions are satisfied.  This restriction lasts for a period of five years following the share acquisition.  These provisions may have the effect of entrenching our management team and may deprive you of the opportunity to sell your shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices.  This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of our common stock.  See "Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Washington Law and Our Charter Documents" for additional information.
 
 
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BUSINESS
 
Introduction

We design, develop and market technologies that aim to improve key performance characteristics of combustion systems including energy efficiency, emissions control, fuel flexibility and overall cost effectiveness.

While, in principle, our Electrodynamic Combustion Control technology can be applied at any scale we believe the potential cost savings and economic benefits to large scale combustion systems, such as those used to provide heat for industrial processes or to generate electric power, may be considerable.

We believe that our technology will allow customers to benefit from substantially reduced costs associated with the construction (including refurbishment and upgrade), operation and maintenance of these systems, as compared to combustion systems that use currently available technology.

We believe that our technology may also substantially reduce the cost of compliance with air quality regulations as compared to the current generation of air pollution control (APC) technologies. In the typical case, legacy APC technologies impose increased capital and operating costs, require substantial energy to operate (parasitic load) and reduce overall energy efficiency. Generally, there is no economic return on the investment in these systems: the primary benefit is compliance with air quality regulations.  By contrast, ClearSign’s technology is to our knowledge the only technology that exists today that has the capability to improve emissions control performance and meet regulatory standards, while at the same time yielding a significant increase in energy efficiency.

Our technology introduces a computer-controlled electric field into the combustion zone to allow for more precise control of flame shape and heat transfer.  This same technique can also be used to optimize the complex chemical reactions that occur during combustion in order to minimize harmful emissions while maximizing system efficiency.

Our technology can be adapted to various fuel types and multiple system sizes and configurations, and can be deployed on both a retrofit and new-build basis.

Corporate History

We were incorporated in Washington on January 23, 2008 and we are a development stage company.  The address of our corporate headquarters is 12870 Interurban Avenue South, Seattle, Washington 98168 and our telephone number is (206) 673-4848.  Our website can be accessed at www.clearsigncombustion.com .  The information contained on or that may be obtained from our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.  All of our operations are located in the United States.

 
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Our Industry
 
Nearly two-thirds of the world’s total energy consumption is accounted for by combustion of hydrocarbon and other fuels in boilers, furnaces, kilns and turbines. These are used to generate electrical power, to provide heat for all manner of industrial processes and for building heat. The combined value of these capital assets in the United States alone is in the trillions of dollars and they consume and produce more than 50 quadrillion British thermal units (Btus) of energy annually in the U.S.  In order to maximize energy efficiency while keeping pace with regulatory guidelines for air pollution emissions, operators of these systems invest billions of dollars each year installing, maintaining and upgrading a variety of costly process control, air pollution control and monitoring systems.
 
Our Technology

Overview of Our Technology .  We have developed a proprietary technology platform that we believe may increase energy efficiency, and improve fuel flexibility and environmental performance for most types of industrial and commercial combustion systems.  Such systems account for the majority of combustion energy utilization globally.  These include:
 
 
·
electrical power generation,
 
 
·
hydrocarbon and chemical processing industries,
 
 
·
petroleum refining, and
 
 
·
all manner of industrial and commercial steam generation and industrial process heat.

Our technology consists, in its simplest form, of four major components: (a) a computer, (b) standard software delivering proprietary algorithms to (c) a power amplifier (resident outside the combustion chamber) and (d) electrode(s) (inside the combustion chamber).  The electrodes are optimized in material and shape to best suit the specific geometry of a given installation.  Because the system’s basic components are available ‘off the shelf’, or require manufacturing techniques that are well within the current state of the art, ClearSign does not depend on technology external to the Company that has not yet been developed.

Our technology can be retrofitted to existing combustion systems to improve their performance and provide substantial savings in both capital and operating costs, or, for new-builds, can serve as the basis for fundamental improvements in combustion systems design, cost and operation.  We believe the economic gain realized by an operator can be significant in both reduced capital expenditures, and savings in annual operating and maintenance costs (including reductions in those costs associated with fuel consumption and emissions).  In some cases, economic gain may also be realized by increasing plant throughput, capacity and/or availability due to a reduced maintenance cycle, and increases in the lifetime of systems - the latter due to improved mechanical reliability as a result of reduced mechanical complexity and/or improved heat transfer.
 
ClearSign’s Electrodynamic Combustion Control (ECC ) technology makes use of computer-controlled high-voltage electric fields to manipulate the movement of electrically charged molecules (ions) that are a natural product of the combustion process.  The pulsed field creates very powerful electrostatic forces (body forces) within the gas cloud that can be manipulated to precisely control flame shape and the transfer of heat to, through, or away from a surface as desired.  At the same time, our technology provides an unprecedented level of precision for optimizing combustion chemistry to suppress formation of pollutants at the flame source.
 
This approach enables multiple effects to be applied individually or in combination, including the following:
 
 
·
Better combustion: increases the homogeneity and momentum transfer within the flame to reduce peak flame temperatures, nitrogen oxide (NO X ) formation, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulates.
 
 
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·
Superior flame quality : optimizes flame shape and flame stability to maximize energy efficiency throughout the operating range, which is particularly important for gas-fired boilers and furnaces.
 
 
·
Precision control of heat transfer: controls the rate at which heat is transferred through or reflected away from a surface to optimize thermal efficiency in boilers, kilns, furnaces, turbines and waste heat recovery systems.
 
 
·
Selectively-controlled reaction chemistry: selectively promotes, suppresses, retards or accelerates chemical reactions to minimize formation of pollutants, enhance pollution abatement, and improve the combustion process.
 
 
·
Agglomeration of fine particulate into large, more easily removed clusters: agglomerates ultrafine particles into much larger clusters that can be removed efficiently and cost-effectively, thereby enhancing particulate removal and reducing the cost of existing particulate control systems.
 
The way in which the electrostatic forces are applied varies somewhat by broad equipment category:
 
 
·
Gas- and liquid-fired boilers and furnaces: in boilers and furnaces, the charge is introduced directly to the flame and a controlled vortex is used to minimize the formation of NO X while improving heat distribution and stabilizing the flame to maximize efficiency.  Flame shape and heat transfer are then optimized to improve thermal efficiency and mixing within the flame is enhanced to reduce NO X , CO, and particulate.
 
 
·
Cement kilns: in systems such as cement kilns, the charge is also introduced directly into the flame but heat is directed away from the wall of the kiln and into the product.  Heat loss through the wall is minimized, increasing system efficiency and the amount of product produced.
 
 
·
Stoked furnaces: in solid-fired furnaces using stokers and grates ( e.g ., industrial coal, biomass and municipal solid waste), the charge is introduced into the flame cloud while the grate remains grounded, thus enhancing residence time of solids, increasing the amount of fuel burned and reducing particulate.
 
 
·
Petrochemical reaction furnaces such as ethylene cracking units and hydrogen reformers (among others) are particularly sensitive to flame impingement (direct contact of the flame with the heat exchange surface).  By appropriately charging the flame and post-flame regions, the flame is managed and shaped, and heat transfer is supplied to the process tubes without flame impingement.
 
 
·
Refinery process heaters are routinely over-fired (operated beyond their recommended limit) to satisfy demand for refinery fuels as the need steadily increases, taxing the available heater population (the last new refinery was built in 1976, thus plot space for new furnaces remains constrained).  When refinery heaters are over-fired, flames become unwieldy and difficult to control, especially in vertical-cylindrical heaters with low- NO X burners.  Appropriate charging of the flame improves mixing and manages the flame shape.
 
 
·
Gas turbines: gas turbine efficiency is limited by the maximum working temperature of the turbine blades.  In these systems the cooling film is charged so as to keep it attached to the turbine blade and insulate it, allowing for higher operating efficiency.
 
The most significant energy efficiency gain provided by our technology in boilers, kilns, furnaces and turbines stems from our ability to precisely control the flow of hot gases within a gas volume.   In most cases, efficiency is increased by increasing heat flux onto targeted surfaces and reducing heat loss to other surfaces.  However, in the case of gas turbines, thermal efficiency is limited by the inability of the turbine blades to withstand high peak operating temperatures.  We have developed, but not yet proven, proprietary concepts for reducing thermal loading on the surface of turbine blades.  Because of the potential for dramatic increases in turbine efficiency, we believe that further proof of this concept, if successful, would have significant commercial implications.

 
18

 
 
    Many existing combustion systems, especially large systems that burn coal or other solid or waste fuels, use multiple emissions control systems that remove a range of harmful pollutants after they have already been created in the flame reaction.  Operation of these “post-combustion” controls requires a substantial amount of electrical energy, typically drawn from the base system.  Because ClearSign’s technology operates at the combustion source to suppress the formation of these pollutants, the load on these downstream systems is reduced, which in turn reduces their power consumption thus improving overall efficiencies up to 10%. For an operator of an average sized, 300 megawatt coal-fired power plant, this would result in fuel savings in the millions of dollars per year.

    For gas-fired boilers, a significant increase in energy efficiency can be achieved by increasing flame stability at the low end of the operating range, thereby increasing turndown ratio (the ratio of maximum to minimum firing rate).  Operators are often required to equip these systems with Low NO X or Ultra-Low NO X burners.  These burners operate by creating fuel-air mixing conditions to keep operating temperatures below the threshold at which NO X is formed.  Such conditions make the burner less robust at low-fire conditions.  This means that the flame can no longer be turned down to its original minimum thermal output because it can become unstable and either extinguish itself, or risk explosion, causing loss of inventory and production, extremely unsafe operating conditions, and potential life-threatening harm to workers.  To minimize this risk, system operators increase their low-fire setting by as much as 600% and simply vent the excess steam.  In contrast, ClearSign’s technique for reducing NO X relies on a combination of reduced excess air requirements and rapid dispersion and capture of heat from the flame core to keep average temperatures high while reducing peak temperatures.  The electric field enhances mixing, improves flame stability, and reduces excess air requirements.  This enhances the turndown ratio and we believe our technique would yield efficiency increases of as much as 30%.

Prototypes and Experimental Data.   The Company has designed and/or built several prototype systems: a small bench-top configuration of 5,000 Btu/hour, a larger system of 25,000 Btu/hour with optical access to give direct visual and infra-red observation of flame shape and heat transfer via calorimetry, and a commercially referenceable scale reactor of 250,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hour to demonstrate the technology with both pre-mixed and diffusion flames.  This reactor can accommodate a variety of fuel types and can be up-, down-, or side-fired.  We have conducted numerous experiments using a variety of analytical and measurement tools to record data relating to heat transfer, heat distribution, pollutant formation, flame shape and other parameters.  The results we have obtained from these prototypes address some of the key challenges and priorities expressed by our market partners, indicating what we believe will be a rapid path to commercialization and a robust product pipeline. ClearSign’s ability to control and improve both flame chemistry and heat transfer in commercial-scale configurations for multiple fuels indicates a wide range of potential applications.
 
Our repeated tests using multiple fuel types, including coal, tire-derived-fuel (TDF) and wood, have shown reductions in visible particulate matter (PM) of over 90%, with significant, simultaneous reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) and exit gas temperature which are indicative of superior heat transfer to the process.  In testing we have achieved such reductions in unburned carbon, CO, and particulates without increased NO X emissions.  These effects are particularly valuable in solid fuel systems such as those used in industry to burn wood waste, biomass and other “waste-“ or “opportunity-” fuels, as well as larger-scale coal-fired systems for generating electric power.
 
We have also demonstrated the ability to selectively and precisely control flame shape, heat transfer and heat distribution.  We have demonstrated increased heat transfer to a surface, and have also demonstrated steering of the gas cloud away from a surface to cool it.  Our test results have powerful implications for increases in energy efficiency and for simplifying and improving designs in combustion systems ranging from boilers and kilns to gas turbines.  Improved heat distribution would also simplify the design and operation of post combustion controls such as electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), whose efficiency can be temperature-dependent.

 
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In addition to enhancing control of heat transfer and reducing or eliminating emissions of particulate and ultra-fine particulate (PM2.5), our technology may prove highly effective in suppressing emissions of multiple additional pollutants including NO X , sulfur (SO X ) and mercury.  Precise control of ion drift velocities and heat distribution selectively controls residence time – i.e. the amount of time that a given molecule is exposed to a high temperature region.  This promotes or suppresses particular chemical reactions such as those intermediates that lead to the formation of NO X and SO X .  We believe this novel approach to integrated emissions control technology would result in major cost savings implications for solid fuel systems, and would transform the economics of coal-fired power generation.

Early experiments and designs by the Company also suggest improvements in flame stability and that the technology could be retrofitted to or even replace Low and Ultra-Low NO X burners. This may result in the potential efficiency increases on the order of 20% to 30% for a large number of industrial gas-fired boilers.

 
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System Results .  Through tests and studies conducted by our own personnel on our 5,000 Btu and 25,000 Btu scale prototypes, we have obtained the following results:

 
·
Particulate Abatement :

Biomass pellets co-fired with propane shows a 95% reduction in stack gas opacity when ECC is engaged (figure 1b).
 
  FIGURE1A   FIGURE1B
 
1a. System Off
 
1b. System Engaged
 
A stack sample drawn through a vacuum pump for a period of 5 minutes in the “on” condition shows a dramatic reduction in the amount of unburned carbon (figure 2b) as compared to an equivalent sample drawn in the “off’ condition (without ECC applied) (figure 2a) .  The remaining particulate comprised a higher-value ash representing higher efficiency combustion with no visible unburned carbon.
 
  FIGURE2A   FIGURE2B
 
2a. System off
 
2b. System Engaged

 
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·
Particle agglomeration .  Using wood as a fuel source, electron micrographs (at both 500x and 50,000x magnification, seen below in figures 3a and 3b) shows that ultrafine particulates that would otherwise escape into the exhaust stream are agglomerated into large macroscopic dendritic structures.  Such structures are easily removed from a waste stream using low-cost cyclonic separators.
 
  FIGURE3A   FIGURE3B
 
 3a. Agglomerated particulate 500x mag.
 
 3b. Agglomerated particulate 50,000x mag.

 
·
Improved mixing without excess air .  High definition video still frames, viewed down the stack demonstrate dramatically increased flame turbulence and mixing with the system in the “on” condition (figure 4b). This is achieved without the introduction of excess air and with all other parameters unchanged.  When the system is deactivated, the flame immediately returns to its previous laminar (undisrupted flow) and sooting state (figure 4a).
 
  FIGURE4A   FIGURE4B
   4a. System off – natural, laminar flame    4b. System engaged – turbulence increases

 
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·
Heat Transfer .  Schlieren photographs, a laser imaging technique which enables us to view otherwise transparent heat columns, demonstrate the ability of ECC technology to impact both the flame and hot gases.  Figure (5a) is the system in the ‘off’ condition: the heat column (black bar) above the flame is unperturbed.  Figure (5b) is the same flame and heat column with the system engaged.  Increased turbulence and vorticity, the tendency for fluid elements to ‘spin’, is observed.  Figure (5c) introduces a ground plane (right).  Both the flame and heat column are strongly directed toward its surface, suggesting an increase in heat actively directed to the ‘load’, which is a primary design objective of a combustion system and directly impacts energy efficiency.
 
FIGURE5A   FIGURE5B   FIGURE5C
 5a. System off    5b. System engaged     5c. System engaged with ground
 
 
·
Thermal efficiency .   Infrared imagers record a significant increase in average furnace temperature and more uniform heat distribution within two minutes of system activation (figure 6b).  A reduction in exit gas temperature is also observed, suggesting heat transfer is shifted from the exiting flue gas and into the system. Less waste heat ‘up the stack’ results in greater system efficiency and lower fuel costs.
 
  FIGURE6A   FIGURE6B
   6a. System off     6b. System activated
 
 
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We have selectively (under confidentiality agreements) presented the data from these experiments and conducted demonstrations of our prototype systems to multiple subject matter experts.  Their response has been favorable.  We have also shared our experimental results and conducted demonstrations for selected prospective customers and/or distribution partners with similarly positive results.  We believe that through these interactions, we have gained considerable insight into how our customers would apply the various features of our technology to deliver meaningful cost savings, production efficiencies and other economic benefits.

Research and Development Plan

ClearSign’s technology has been demonstrated at 5,000 Btu and 25,000 Btu bench-scale and R&D efforts are now focused on the following sequence of activities:

 
·
Enhancement of ClearSign’s existing intellectual property portfolio
   
 
·
Scale up to commercial sizes of 0.25 to 1 million BTUs per hour  (MMBtu/h) flames
   
 
·
Site demonstration with full-scale burners of 6 MMBtu/h each
   
 
·
First installation in multiple-burner furnaces of 50 MMBtu/h or greater

Enhancement of ClearSign’s intellectual property portfolio.   ClearSign has generated more than 100 inventions that we believe to be patentable subject matter and has begun the process of systematically filing patent applications. ClearSign has filed eleven patent applications to date.  ClearSign plans to develop additional embodiments of its technology and to file more patent applications.  See “Intellectual Property Protection” for additional information.

Scale up to commercially relevant sizes.    We have finalized designs and built a commercially relevant furnace and burners. We have assembled a group of technical advisors comprised of subject matter experts in the areas of combustion, pollution control, physics, aeronautics and chemistry. ClearSign has identified additional key potential customers with whom it is engaged in discussions.  We further plan to have our technical advisors act to inform and guide the research program with the ultimate goal of commercializing our technology.  See "Technical Advisors" for additional information.

Site demonstration at full scale.   Pending successful demonstration as witnessed and informed by key potential customers, we plan to demonstrate our technology at one or more selected commercial sites.  These early site demonstrations will be aimed at retrofitting or replacing one or two burners in multi-burner systems with an eye toward evaluation of the technology at full scale in one or more operating systems.

First installation .  With the successful demonstration of small numbers of burners in multi-burner systems, ClearSign plans to retrofit an entire furnace with ClearSign’s technology applied to all burners.  We anticipate that such a demonstration will provide impetus for commercial adoption within the applicable industry.  We plan to expand these installations via commercial offering.

We plan to continue to enlarge our R&D program and establish an intellectual property portfolio with the goal of protecting our proprietary technology and erecting formidable market entry barriers to both new entrants and more established competitors.  We intend to develop additional designs to further exploit a variety of effects including flame shaping, efficiency improvements, process throughput enhancements, and emissions reduction.

Our activities will be directed at thoroughly characterizing and exploring the full range of the technology’s potential in order to broadly establish and protect our leadership position in Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ technology.  We intend to conduct laboratory and benchtop scale experimentation continuously to this end. In parallel we plan to advance the technology rapidly toward commercialization by identifying those market opportunities offering compelling value to our customers while requiring only a limited set of features, and building those systems to a commercial scale.

 
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Product Roadmap and Path to Commercialization

 
·
Commercial breadth .  ClearSign’s Electrodymanic Combustion Control™ technology has a potentially broad range of commercial applications in a wide variety of types and sizes.  Our technology appears to be easily and cost-effectively combined with existing or new pollution controls as part of a complete solution.  Controlling flame chemistry to suppress formation of pollutants at the combustion source reduces or eliminates the load on downstream systems and reduces requirements for post-combustion treatment.  ECC also promises to improve the reliability of existing systems while lowering operating costs and energy use.
 
 
·
Design Improvements to Combustion Systems.   In the longer term, ClearSign’s ECC technology may provide the basis for fundamental improvements to the design of combustion systems.  We believe that a combustion system designed based on our technology would not only set new standards for performance and flexibility, but would also feature a reduction in physical footprint and significantly reduce construction and operating costs.  In the largest systems, we estimate that savings in construction and land use costs alone could be in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars. Selectively improving heat transfer alone would significantly improve the process output (throughput) of existing boilers, furnaces, and reactors.
 
 
·
Fuel flexibility.   ClearSign’s technology may be especially important for the increased use of more challenging fuels such as biomass and other “waste-“ or “opportunity-” fuels that vary significantly in quality and both physical and chemical composition. Because ECC is software-based, the resulting changes in combustion chemistry can be addressed in real-time, by varying the software-generated pulsed electrical signals introduced into the combustion region. This reduces or potentially eliminates the need for operators to modify expensive, intricate and ‘hard coded’ APC equipment, which is generally designed to operate using a single, specific feedstock. System operators have told us that flexibility in the selection of fuels -- based on availability, quality and cost -- would be highly valued.
 
 
o
Waste-to-Energy Plants .  Electric power suppliers have shown increased interest in the use of boilers that burn biomass and other waste fuels to generate electricity and have made significant investments in new facilities in recent years.  It is also of note that the trend toward a distributed power grid favors the use of such fuels that can be sourced and delivered cost effectively to smaller waste-to-energy power plants or existing industrial sites that are located nearer to the communities they serve.  There has been considerably increased activity in the planning, permitting and commissioning of such facilities.
 
 
o
Wood and Other Biomass in Coal Plants .  Operators of coal-fired power plants have shown considerable interest in the co-firing of wood and other forms of biomass to reduce net carbon emissions.
 
 
o
Clean Coal.   ClearSign ECC technology has the potential to improve the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of carbon capture and sequestration (“Clean Coal”), because it can be used to selectively target the separation and removal of specific pollutant types from an exhaust stream.
 
 
o
Design Fuel .  There are significant technical challenges associated with the introduction of new fuel mixes to systems that have been highly tuned to a specific “design fuel”.  Because our technology makes use of computer-controlled algorithms, we believe that it can respond dynamically and in real time to changing conditions - including fuel chemistry or composition – as it continuously optimizes the combustion process.
 
 
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Development Objectives .  We believe our management team is capable of positioning ClearSign to execute rapidly on its key next-stage development objectives, which are to:
 
 
1.
Finalize compelling product offerings that meet customer needs.
 
 
2.
Select and secure design wins for the best-qualified launch opportunities to demonstrate measurable and repeatable results in the field that can be referenced by a broad set of prospective customers.
 
 
3.
Secure sponsored development funding for technology and product development.
 
 
4.
Access strategic customers and key influencers.
 
 
5.
Enter key market segments with channel partners who enjoy prominent market positions and are highly experienced at successfully introducing new technologies into these segments.
 
Addressable Market
 
General .  The Company estimates our total addressable market for ClearSign ECC technology in the four targeted system types to be between $5.4 billion and $12.8 billion in the United States alone.

 
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CHART

           We view our market as divided into two broad segments.  The first, industrial combustion , includes both solid fuel systems such as cement kilns, wood and biomass furnaces and industrial coal systems as well as gas-fired systems such as down-fired petrochemical reformers and natural gas-fired boilers.  The second segment, power generation , includes electric power plants fueled by pulverized coal and those utilizing gas-turbines.  In each market segment and sub-segment, ClearSign plans to initially market solutions that will enable cost-effective retrofitting of our technology onto existing, standard system designs to simultaneously improve both their energy efficiency and pollution control characteristics.  ClearSign also believes that, as a next-stage development effort, our technology will form the basis of completely redesigned, next-generation combustion systems with performance characteristics that could be disruptive, offering benefits to operators which are not possible using conventional system designs.

 
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We intend to stage our entry into these segments initially in the following order:

 
(1)
Industrial Retrofit .  This segment represents the largest number of smaller, standard systems currently in use by industrial and food manufacturers, as well as institutions that independently produce their own power or industrial heat.

 
(2)
Power Generation Retrofit .  This segment includes large systems with significant energy efficiency and emissions problems and opportunities.  Success in this segment will result in sales channel access, enhanced data pertaining to the operation of our technology at scale and access to major industry players, which the Company believes will then facilitate the introduction of the next stage.

 
(3)
New Designs for Industrial Combustion and Utilities .  This segment will involve the design and construction of next-generation industrial combustion systems and power plants based on ECC technology, from the ground up.

Industrial Combustion Systems.   Industrial combustion systems are used to provide energy in the form of direct heat or steam for various manufacturing processes or for the generation of electricity.  These systems have several different form factors, depending broadly on whether they burn solid fuels or gas.  There are many hundreds of thousands of such systems in operation worldwide.  Operators are motivated to improve energy efficiency, even those using opportunity fuels such as wood or biomass.  Depending on the system and fuel type, emissions profiles and challenges vary greatly, but current regulation of emissions and uncertainty surrounding future regulation is a major business issue facing operators.

Industrial combustion systems fall generally under the following segments:

 
a.
Solid Fuels - including cement kilns, wood and biomass systems, industrial coal boilers and municipal solid waste systems.

 
b.
Gas - including natural gas-fired boilers, natural gas turbines for power generation and gas-fired petrochemical processing systems using methane, hydrogen and refinery gas.

We estimate the total addressable market for industrial combustion systems to be on the order of between $3.1 billion and $7.5 billion per year. Potential customers would be:

 
·
Timber companies such as Weyerhaeuser, Simpson Timber and Plum Creek Timber,
   
 
·
Petrochemical processors such as Shell, Chevron, Total and Valero,
   
 
·
Cement Kiln operators such as Holcim, Lafarge and Cal Portland,
   
 
·
Major regional institutions such as hospitals and universities, and
   
 
·
Major food processors such as Safeway and Darigold and manufacturers such as, Intel and Kodak.

While the specifics of each installation type will differ by fuel, combustion system configuration, size and regional clean air requirements, customers have a strong incentive to decrease energy costs, which represent a significant percentage of their annual fixed expense.  Customers have indicated to us that even very small gains in energy efficiency are meaningful and would warrant investment.   Additionally, customers are increasingly concerned about a regulatory environment they perceive to be tightening progressively every year.  For example, the "Boiler MACT” regulations proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is causing tremendous concern among customers – with some indicating they will ‘shut down’, if this rule is imposed before a cost-effective air pollution control solution becomes available.    “Boiler MACT,” as it is commonly referred to, consists of four interrelated rules governing emissions of mercury, dioxin, particulate matter, hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide from an estimated 200,000 boilers nationwide. These complex rules encompass controls and monitoring standards for 11 subcategories of boilers and process heaters that vary in design and fuel type. Factories, restaurants, schools, churches, and even farms would be required to conduct emissions testing and comply with standards of control that vary by boiler size, feedstock, and available technologies.  For most facilities, compliance would require either switching fuels or installation of multiple emissions-control technologies.  In 2010 the EPA estimated the compliance cost of these rules to be $9.5 billion, although private industry estimates are much higher.

 
28

 
 
Retrofit to existing systems.   An industrial retrofit of ClearSign’s technology would be planned to occur during the routine maintenance cycle of a plant operator, generally every 12 – 18 months.  In many cases customers operate multiple systems with ‘shut downs’ occurring on a staggered basis several times per year, during which time ClearSign would install and test each system in multiple phases.  Below are two illustrations of how ClearSign’s technology could be applied to a solid fuel combustion system (Figure A) and a gas-fired boiler (Figure B).

            Figure A :  ClearSign technology retrofit to an existing solid fuel combustion system.

FIGURE-A

 
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Figure B :  ClearSign technology retrofit to a gas-fired boiler.

FIGURE-B
 
Power Generation. In the United States, approximately 45% of the electricity produced for domestic consumption is generated by coal-fired power plants.  There are currently 1,665 large-scale coal-fired utility boilers in the US and more than 6,000 worldwide, ranging in size from 50 MW (megawatts) to over 1.5GW (gigawatts, or 1,000 MW).  Assuming an average system size of 300MW, a typical air-pollution control (APC) train can cost up to $200 million to install and $20 - $30 million annually to operate.

ClearSign’s target customers in this space would include major utility operators such as Duke Energy and Southern Companies, who are facing significant challenges in multiple areas, including the need for improved fuel efficiency, cost-effective remediation of both visible and ultra-fine particulate (PM 2.5), nitrogen oxide (NO X ), sulfur oxide (SO X ), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).  Additionally, these operators face an uncertain and changing regulatory environment in which the long-term commitment of capital to new projects is extremely difficult.  Current combustion and APC technology is not only very expensive, but it is also inflexible because it is ‘hard coded’ to a specific fuel type.  Making long-term capital deployments under these circumstances has proved extremely challenging to operators and has resulted in the delay and, in many cases, cancelation of major power generation projects.

A retrofit of ClearSign’s technology to an existing coal-fired utility boiler would involve placing high-temperature electrodes directly into the combustion chamber in such a manner as to maximize electrical contact with the ongoing reaction.  These electrodes would be physically connected to, but electrically isolated from the chamber walls or burner, further connected via high-voltage pass-through electrical cable to a nearby power amplifier.  The amplifier, in turn, is connected using low-voltage signal cables to a computer system (redundant, with backup) in the control room of the plant.

 
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Such a retrofit would work via the application high-voltage, pulsed electrical signal applied directly to the evolving combustion reaction, enabling several key benefits:

 
·
control over flame shape and stability,
   
 
·
more even heat distribution,
   
 
·
improved heat flux and transfer of energy to the load resulting in improved fuel efficiency,
   
 
·
ability to respond dynamically to changes in fuel composition, and
   
 
·
control over flame chemistry, suppressing the formation of certain pollutants.

The most important overall impact of ClearSign’s Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ technology is that, for the first time, an air pollution control system has the potential provide a net positive return on investment for operators. Currently, the primary benefit provided by legacy air pollution control (APC) systems, such as scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators and baghouses (fabric filters) , is to allow operators to avoid regulatory sanction – simply a cost of doing business.  ClearSign’s technology, we believe, disrupts the legacy economics of utility plant operation and will be adopted by customers as a method to increase the profitability of their operations.

New Build .  Although ClearSign believes significant benefit will accrue to plant operators who retrofit their existing systems with ClearSign technology, we also believe new-build systems designed and built with ClearSign’s ECC technology deeply integrated into the combustion system could offer radically improved performance characteristics, once the legacy design limitations of existing technology are removed.  New plant designs could be significantly smaller, enabling much greater energy output from a given plant size, would be optimized to prevent formation of criteria pollutants (pollutants found commonly across the U.S., such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ozone, lead, and particulate matter) and could also enable high-value end products such as elemental nitrogen, sulfur and high-purity carbon.  New-build systems could enable the long-term, clean use of carbon-based fuels, while meeting ever more stringent expectations for energy efficiency and environmental performance.

Market Entry

ClearSign’s Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ technology can potentially be applied to virtually any system in which there is a flame.  While this implies a vast array of potential market opportunities, it also requires that we exercise a disciplined approach in comparatively evaluating those opportunities in order to select and prioritize those applications that afford the best mix of required development effort (and time and cost) relative to revenue potential.  We also aim to select applications in which our technology offers the clearest and most measurable advantages relative to competing technologies or addresses unmet market needs.

Use Case Analysis .  In order to support this planning process, we conduct a deep analysis of a variety of representative use cases for industrial combustion systems, and of those combustion systems used for electric power generation.  A top level analysis of the combustion systems market readily yields two key parameters that allow us to further focus our efforts.  These parameters are system size (which correlates to the number of systems in the operating inventory) and retrofit potential as compared to new system design.  For example, while coal-fired systems for electric power generation are enormous (with very high thermal output) and extremely expensive, there are only approximately 1,600 such systems in the United States as compared to the approximate 163,000 gas-fired boilers that are used to generate commercial and industrial steam heat.  Not surprisingly, it typically takes months or even years to site, plan, permit and complete the construction and/or retrofit of large coal-fired power plants, while the cycle to design and build (or retrofit) smaller industrial boilers can be completed in weeks.  One can reasonably conclude that a larger number of smaller systems with a faster design and build cycle will yield a correspondingly larger list of potential prospects for retrofit and that on average, the sales cycle relating to such system is also expected to be much shorter.

System Size and Retrofit Potential.   When we compare the opportunity for retrofitting existing systems to improve their performance against the opportunity for utilizing our technology to enable major improvements in the design of new combustion systems, two factors stand out.  First, there are many more systems operating at any given time than are built each year, so the available retrofit market is much larger than the annual market for new systems.  Moreover, boiler, kiln, furnace and petrochemical processing plant operators commonly conduct retrofits, refurbishment, upgrades and maintenance.  Secondly, integrating our technology into a new product designed by an OEM customer implies many unknowns relative to their own product planning and development processes and priorities and can be a lengthy process.  We have therefore concluded, based on our preliminary analyses, that earliest applications of our technology are likely to involve the retrofit and upgrade of industrial scale combustion systems to improve their environmental performance and their energy efficiency, while at the same time making them more adaptable to new fuels and changing operating conditions.

 
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System Configurations.   There are a variety of different kinds of combustion systems used for different purposes and in different industries.  Gas-fired boilers (much like those used to provide steam heat to homes and many buildings) are among the most common and are used to generate process steam for all manner of industrial production.  The forest products industry and the cement industry burn waste wood and other “opportunity fuels” such as tire derived fuel (TDF) in flatbed stoker boilers or in rotary kilns.  In some systems used in chemical and petrochemical processing, rows of burners are suspended from the ceiling to provide heat for chemical reactions that occur in rows and rows of tubes that surround them.  Each of these systems has its own unique requirements and its own environmental challenges.

Customer “Use Cases”.   In order to clearly define and delineate the value proposition and compelling advantages for our technology in each application, we conduct a thorough analysis of these system types, their mode of operation and their operating challenges.

These “use cases” are informed by extensive customer contact, engagement with industry subject matter experts and government regulators and analysis of third-party market data.  As we develop the “use case” for a particular system type, we initially score the quality, completeness and reliability of the information we receive from these sources to determine how well developed each use case is.  Once the use cases are sufficiently well developed, we then prioritize plans for resource allocation, product design and selection of launch market segments.

One goal is to identify the most difficult and costly challenges faced by system designers and operators and to identify specifically how these challenges relate to inherent limitations in conventional combustion systems design and operation.  We also analyze and quantify the economic costs imposed by these shortcomings so that we can accurately estimate the economic value that would result if the problem could be mitigated or solved.  We then put forth a case in which ClearSign’s Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ can be used to mitigate or solve one or more of these problems.

Use Case Criteria .  Use case criteria allow us to understand how customers are likely to value (and evaluate) the technology for a particular application in economic terms and gives us valuable data to inform product definition, and to develop pricing, positioning and distribution strategies for our solutions.  We also believe this will provide insight into whether customers are likely to view our solution as solving an unmet demand driven by an urgency to comply with new or existing air quality regulations, or as a means for increasing efficiency and profitability, or both.  Among the factors that we analyze are the following:
  
 
·
Available units: number, size and location,
 
 
·
Retrofit complexity: simpler vs. complex installations,
 
 
·
Sales cycle: short vs. long sales cycle times,
 
 
·
Revenue: fewer, larger and longer-term opportunities vs. many smaller and repeatable installations, and
 
 
·
Benefits to decision makers: Capex vs. Opex.
 
 
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Use Case Scoring.   We then score the quality of this information using the following criteria:

 
·
Value Proposition, including user benefit, competitive advantage, ROI, pricing and regulatory factors
 
·
Market landscape and demand, including size of addressable market (in units and dollar volume), demand drivers, channel and partnering potential, retrofit potential and sales cycle and design / build cycle.
 
Candidate Solutions.   While our analysis of market opportunities is ongoing, we have identified several promising and significant opportunities for high-value solutions, each of which represents a major market opportunity in the United States alone.  Thus far, the following segments appear to show compelling, unmet demand:

 
·
Refinery and petrochemical fired-heaters and furnaces
 
o
Petroleum refining
 
o
Petrochemical reactors
 
§
Reformers producing hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol
 
§
Ethylene cracking units

 
·
Rotary Kilns
 
o
Cement Kilns
 
o
Fuel-burning kilns

 
·
Solid-fired units
 
o
Stoker- and grate- based boilers burning
 
§
Lump coal
 
§
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
 
§
Wood and other biomass
 
o
Fluidized beds
 
o
Pulverized coal units

 
·
Heavy oil units
 
o
Utility boilers
 
o
Industrial boilers

 
·
Gas- and light-oil fired boilers
 
o
Water tube
 
o
Fire tube
 
Once we have a use case that is well-informed by both primary research data and multiple sources of customer and industry group input, we can use the same scoring matrix to compare use cases against one another using the same criteria relating to value proposition and market landscape and quality of demand.  In this instance, the score reflects not the strength of the information, but our interpretation of that data and our most current thinking as to the relative strength of each use case.  We can identify which are the most promising given the constraints of available time, and the resources required to develop and gain market entry for the particular product or solution.

Business Cases

While use cases provide a detailed view into how the customer will value the benefits of our technology, a business case analysis will forecast the value of each to us.  Use case data is combined with technical, lab and product design data, including:
 
 
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·
Technology risk,
 
 
·
Development cost,
 
 
·
Time to production,
 
 
·
Availability of third party, private or government funding, and
 
 
·
Product design and bill of materials.

We employ the foregoing process in order to develop a detailed, well-informed product roadmap.

Sales and Marketing Plan

Overview .   We believe that both the industrial combustion and power generation segments offer enormous opportunity for us.  Each, however, has significantly different design-build and sales cycles.  The power generation opportunity is characterized by extremely large individual installations (ranging into the billions of dollars), with longer times to revenue.  Industrial combustion systems are generally smaller, much more numerous, and tend to be represented by a manageable number of design variations.  For this reason, we intend to target the retrofit of industrial combustion systems as an early market entry point, while referencing the performance of these systems (particularly solid fuel systems) to larger utility boilers.

Key technical challenges .  As with any new industrial technology, scaling our technology from lab prototype to a field-operating unit will require deliberate staging from the initial retrofit installation of “meaningful but manageable” systems to progressively larger and more complex systems.  We are currently beginning testing a system involving a 1MMBtu/hr burner, which is similar in size to the wall-fired burners used in some configurations of steam methane reformers (SMR) used in the production of hydrogen. Because of the large numbers, wide variety and varying capacities of combustion systems, we believe we will be able to identify and target progressively larger systems without introducing significant ‘step-function’ increases in scale that would introduce significant risk.

Partners .  The formation of research and development partnerships to develop a new technology is common in both the industrial combustion and power generation segments.  Among the types of potential partners ClearSign will seek to establish relationships with will be:

 
·
Large OEMs interested in the competitive advantage ClearSign’s technology might provide,
 
 
·
Engineering and Construction (E&C) companies interested in differentiating their offerings while increasing profitability,
 
 
·
Industry research groups, whose mission is the development and testing of new technologies for the eventual benefit of their member companies, and
  
 
·
Government entities such as the U.S. Department of Energy, who are chartered with the development of longer-range and potentially disruptive energy technologies.
 
Such partnerships would enable ClearSign to meet several objectives:

 
·
Ability to share the cost and risk associated with adapting and deploying the technology into new applications and markets,
 
 
·
Access to industry expertise and the reputation of established companies to hasten market acceptance,
  
 
·
Reduction of design / build cycle times, and
    
 
·
Opportunity to leverage our capital investments through funded research.
 
 
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Channel Structure and Path to Market .  Since our solution consists largely of off the shelf components, we do not anticipate that a large manufacturing capacity will be required.  To the extent the Company will require production of specific hardware (electrodes, for example), we plan to rely on outside contract manufacturers.  Such manufacturing, we believe, is widely available and a competitive market exists.  Our path to market is expected to involve:

 
·
Ongoing development of algorithms specific to representative combustion systems;
 
 
·
A small team of expert technicians, initially deployed to install systems at early customer sites to optimize installations, create technical and channel enablement tools;
 
 
·
Our expert technicians would then train installation teams within channel partners to deploy the technology more broadly.
 
At the same time, the Company expects to create ‘channel pull’ by referencing early installations (possibly in ‘risk sharing’ reduced-cost initial installations), demonstrating and cataloguing ROI and performance metrics and training both channel sales personnel and design professionals.
 
Path
 
Customer Type
 
Representative Companies
 
Strategy
Direct
 
Owner-Operators
 
AEP, Duke Energy, smaller regional players
 
Drive early demand: reference system to create channel pull.
             
Channel
 
Engineering and Construction (E&C) Contractors
 
Jacobs, Foster Wheeler, CH2M HILL, Parsons, URS
 
Integrate into designer’s toolkit with ROI proven at customer site.
             
OEM
 
Equipment and Technology suppliers
 
Babcock & Wilcox, GE, Hitachi
 
OEM and licensing opportunities with ClearSign technology designed directly into systems.
 
       Licensing .   The Company may also license its technology to others, which could form an additional revenue stream for the Company.
 
Employees and Management

ClearSign was founded in 2008 by an experienced team of scientists, management and advisors.  Our team includes the founding CEO of Microvision, Inc.  and Lumera Corporation, two publicly-traded technology companies, a former Chief Scientist at defense giant TRW, the former head of Research and Development for John Zink, one of the world’s largest burner companies, and a team of senior scientists from the University of Washington with specialties in combustion, mechanical engineering, turbulent entrainment and plasma physics.  In addition to a wealth of operating experience and skills, the team members have significant experience in the development and management of intellectual property portfolios.  See the section titled “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” in this prospectus for further biographical information on our executives.

As of September 30, 2011, we had seven full-time employees and no part-time employees.  None of these employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe our relationship with our employees is good. We also employ consultants on an as-needed basis to supplement existing staff.

 
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Competition and Barriers to Entry

The industry in which we operate is global in scope and is populated by large, established suppliers of burners and post-combustion air pollution control systems.

Worldwide, suppliers of burners and APC equipment include but are not limited to companies such as Babcock and Wilcox, Westinghouse, Callidus, Eclipse, General Electric, Haldor Topsøe, Hitachi, John Zink (including affiliates Coen, Todd, and Hamworthy Combustion), Linde, Maxon, and Fives North American, among others.

These systems include low NO X burners, electrostatic precipitators, baghouses, selective catalytic reduction systems and various types of scrubbers.  Suppliers’ offerings are based on mature, well-understood technology with development limited largely to marginal performance improvements. As a consequence of this relatively slow pace of innovation, current technology offerings have become largely commoditized, and differentiation between suppliers is very often based on price.  Another drawback to conventional combustion control and emissions control technologies is that they are only effective over a very narrow range of thermal output, and are often highly intolerant of any variance to the chemical composition of the fuel. These translate to higher costs in the form of reduced fuel efficiency and an inability to adapt to market or regulatory conditions by changing fuel feedstocks.

From the customer perspective, legacy air pollution control technology is viewed as a cost of doing business, and as a means to operate within regulatory requirements and avoid fines.  Unlike most other kinds of capital equipment that provide an economic return through enhanced productivity or efficiency, customers of traditional emissions control equipment do not otherwise expect any positive return on these investments.

Competitive Advantage

We see significant opportunity to win market share in the combustion and emissions control market, because ClearSign’s Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ technology has the potential to deliver discernible and measurable advantages as compared to currently available technologies.  In particular, we believe that our technology offers a unique and powerful ability to improve energy efficiency and enhance operation while reducing many pollutants at the source.  We believe our technology is capable of reducing the requirement for costly legacy equipment, offering customers a positive return on their investment in the form of enhanced efficiency and productivity while reducing emissions to the levels of existing air pollution control technologies such as scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters (baghouses). In particular, ClearSign technology offers the following advantages when compared with the next best alternatives.

Emissions Reduction from Combustion Sources. Current technology reduces emissions by using mechanical mixing aids such as swirlers, staging combustion in two or more zones, or treating emissions such as NO X after the fact using selective catalytic reduction. In contrast, ClearSign technology:

 
·
enhances mixing with none of the additional pressure drop or power requirements that swirlers demand;
 
 
·
reduces NO X without reducing turndown or narrowing the burner operating window as staged combustion does or requiring expensive post combustion treatments with chemical additives such as catalytic reduction requires.
 
Improving flame shape. The main goal of virtually all process combustion is to transfer heat to raise steam or enable a chemical reaction, and to do so as efficiently as possible.  Conventional technology uses buoyancy (the natural tendency for a flame and heat to rise opposite to the force of gravity) and momentum (fuel mixed with air and forced through a nozzle, as in a torch) as the only tools to shape flames Unfortunately, momentum effects die out over distance from their source and buoyancy always operates counter to the gravitational field  Moreover, momentum and buoyancy effects often drive wayward flames into process tubes where they cause overheating and potential failure or worse.  In contrast, ClearSign technology allows the use of much stronger body forces that are not limited by orifice diameter and are unaffected by gravitational fields.  The result is unparalleled control over flame shape and direction, allowing the process to operate free of the effects of impingement and non-optimal flame structure.

 
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Enhancing heat transfer and process efficiency.   The main objective of industrial combustion in furnaces and boilers is to transfer heat to a process fluid.   Conventional combustion techniques do their best to optimize flame shape to achieve this end, but have no additional means for enhancing heat transfer.  In contrast, ClearSign’s ECC technology enhances heat transfer to the process tube independent of flame shape using electrical current.  The result is an increase in process efficiency or throughput – the raison d’être of industrial combustion.

           Compared to our competition, we believe our technology will provide potential customers with the following advantages:
 
 
·
Lower total cost of ownership than competing technologies, and in many cases may provide a positive and even very attractive, economic return on their investment. This is due to a reduction in the capital and operating expense of APC equipment, and an increase in energy efficiency.
      
 
·
Increased plant throughput in many instances and/or a reduction in operating costs including both maintenance and lifecycle costs.
  
 
·
Higher profitability as a result of lowered operating costs.
 
We believe we have the following advantages as an enterprise:
 
 
·
Ability to leverage the established channel infrastructure: the skills required to sell, install and support our technology should correspond largely with the skills of existing engineering, and electrical and mechanical trades.
  
 
·
Adoption by channel partners eager to differentiate their offerings in a commoditized space.
 
 
·
A wide range of opportunities to enter the market, including channel, OEM and licensing.
 
 
·
Ability to offer compelling value to a broad range of customers operating many different system types.
 
 
·
Support from regulatory agencies eager to improve environmental performance without placing politically unacceptable burden on business.
 
For these and other reasons, we believe ClearSign technology will prove to be the economically and environmentally favored alternative.
 
 
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Intellectual Property Protection

ClearSign is pursuing an aggressive intellectual property (IP) strategy including:

 
·
Aggressive invention and ideation. Thus far ClearSign has identified more than 100 specific inventions that we believe to be novel and patentable.  ClearSign is pursuing a proven ideation process to enhance and continue these discoveries.
 
 
·
Development of a strong patent portfolio.   We have filed eleven patent applications to date.  We expect to file a significant number of additional patent applications.

We cannot predict when our patent applications may result in issued patents, if at all.

We do not disclose identifying information about our patent applications that is not yet in the public domain.   The following patent applications are listed in public databases:

Jurisdiction
 
Pat. App. Serial No.
 
Title
 
Owner
             
US
 
12/753,047
 
System and Apparatus for Applying an Electric Field to a Combustion Volume
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
             
US
 
13/006,344
 
Method and Apparatus for Electrical Control of Heat Transfer
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
             
PCT
 
PCT/US11/21194
 
Method and Apparatus for Electrical Control of Heat Transfer
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
 
Research and Development (R&D) Program

Our research and development program consists of bench- and pilot-scale research coordinated with future site demonstrations.  The contacts of our management, board of directors and advisory board with potential customers in the petroleum, petrochemical, and industrial steam applications inform our research program.  These are supported by memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with potential customers and research institutions.. Our research and development activities make use of employees and consultants that are respective experts in the areas of industrial combustion, statistical experimental design, gas turbines, fluid mechanics, physics of particles and ions, and electric fields.
 
Government Regulation

Government approval is not required in order for us to sell the principal products or services that we are developing.  However, government regulation, particularly environmental regulation, is likely to play a role in shaping ClearSign’s product mix and offering.  We believe ClearSign offers major advances in efficiency and emissions reductions.  Efficiency improvements include enhanced mixing, lower excess air requirements, and improved heat transfer to the process.  Such efficiency improvements are expected to have strong market pull regardless of the existing regulatory framework because they may result in real savings to businesses that adopt ClearSign technology.  However, emissions regulations could enhance or retard overall market pull for ClearSign technology when the primary driver is reduction in criteria pollutants such as NO X , SO X , and CO, or others such as CO 2 , or mercury.  In such cases, looming legislation on greenhouse gases, Boiler MACT rules, or general reductions in required criteria pollutant levels could enhance market demand for ClearSign products.  Although the timing of such regulation is uncertain, the general trend over the last decades continues to be government-mandated reduction in the required level for all emissions and the addition of new emissions to those regulated.  Ultimately, it may be possible for ClearSign’s technology to achieve EPA BACT (Best Available Control Technology) designation.  In this case, the availability of the technology itself could accelerate the government’s willingness to adopt more stringent environmental regulations. In summary, we are not aware of any current federal, state or local environmental compliance regulations that will have a material detrimental effect on our business activities.  Some potential legislation may have a beneficial effect on business demand.  Notwithstanding, we do not anticipate any major expenditures to be required in order for our technology to comply with any environmental protection statutes, and we believe our technology as now developed represents a material benefit for compliance with such statutes.

 
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Plan of Operation

ClearSign intends to pursue development of its technology to enable future sales.  These activities range from laboratory research to field development.  The Company intends to create co-development collaborations with established manufacturers and other entities, which deploy boilers, furnaces, refineries, or other combustion processes.  These collaborations will enable ClearSign to work closely with specific industries and operations to apply developed solutions.

The proceeds received from this offering are expected to be used in our efforts related to research and development, protection of our intellectual property, and exploration of market opportunities.   The net proceeds from this offering are anticipated to be in excess of $___ million which is expected to be sufficient to fund our activities for at least the next two years following the offering. Our anticipated costs include employee salaries and benefits, consultants, capital costs for research and other equipment, costs associated with development activities including travel and administration, legal expenses, sales and marketing costs, general and administrative expenses, and other costs associated with an early stage, publicly-traded technology company.  The Company anticipates increasing the number of employees by up to approximately 20-30 employees; however, this is highly dependent on the nature of the development efforts. Anticipated employee additions are expected to be in the areas of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administration required to support the Company’s efforts.  We expect to incur consulting expenses related to technology development and other efforts as well as legal and related expenses to protect the Company’s intellectual property.  Capital expenditures are expected to be between $0.5 and $1.0 million annually, but are highly dependent on the nature of the operations where co-development activities are ongoing.

Properties

Our principal office is located at 12870 Interurban Avenue South, Seattle, Washington. We currently lease approximately 6,950 square feet of office and laboratory space under a triple net lease which is due to expire in February 2017.  There is no rent due for the period November 2011 through February 2012.  Thereafter, monthly rent is $8,709 and increases by approximately 3% annually.


Legal Proceedings

  We are not a party to any pending legal proceedings.
 
 
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with “Summary Selected Financial Information” and our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.  In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions.  Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited, to those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

OVERVIEW

We are a development stage company located in Seattle, Washington.  We were formed for the purpose of developing a technology that improves both the energy efficiency and emissions control characteristics of combustion systems.

To date, our operations have been funded through sales of our common stock.  We have earned no revenue since inception on January 23, 2008.  We cannot assure you that our technology will be accepted, that we will ever earn revenues sufficient to support our operations or that we will ever be profitable.  Furthermore, since we have no committed source of financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to raise money as and when we need it to continue our operations.  If we cannot raise funds as and when we need them, we may be required to severely curtail, or even to cease, our operations.

Our financial statements contemplate the continuation of our business as a going concern.  However, we are subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with a new business, as noted above we have no established source of capital, we do not yet have the ability to earn revenue and we have incurred significant losses from operations since inception.  These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

The 2011 Private Placement

In closings from March 17 through May 10, 2011, we conducted a private placement of our common stock, in which we raised a total of approximately $3 million in gross proceeds.  The price per share was $2.75 and the Company issued a total of 1,090,683 shares of common stock.  In conjunction with the offering, MDB Capital Group LLC acted as placement agent, and we issued to MDB, as compensation, 109,091 shares of common stock and a five-year warrant for the purchase of up to 109,091 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.75 per share.
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management or can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors or conditions that are outside of our control.  As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, our management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate.  Please see Note 2 to our financial statements for a more complete description of our significant accounting policies.
 
 
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Development Stage Enterprise .  The Company is a development stage company as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 915 “Development Stage Entities.” The Company is devoting substantially all of its present efforts to develop and market new technologies in combustion systems, and its planned principal operations have not yet commenced. The Company has not generated any revenues from operations and has no assurance of any future revenues. All losses accumulated since its inception on January 23, 2008 have been considered as part of the Company’s development stage activities.

Basis of Presentation .   The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. However, the Company is subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with a new business, has no established source of revenue, and has incurred significant losses from operations since inception. The Company’s operations are dependent upon it raising additional capital.  These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that could result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Research and Development .  The cost of research and development is expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes . The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.  Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position.

Stock-Based Compensation .  The costs of all employee stock options, as well as other equity-based compensation arrangements, are reflected in the financial statements based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock compensation for stock granted to non-employees is determined as the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Six Month Period Ending June 30, 2011 and 2010

Operating Expenses . Operating expenses consisted of research and development and general and administrative expenses.  Operating expenses increased by $1,388,676 during the six months ended June 30, 2011, from $210,791 during the six months ended June 30, 2010 to $1,599,467.  The increase resulted primarily from the payment of a $1,000,000 consulting fee in the form of common stock issued at $2.75 per share to MDB Capital Group LLC for services including assistance to build an intellectual property development strategy, retain appropriate executive personnel, and advice with respect to development of our business.  The remaining increase of $388,676 resulted primarily from an increased level of personnel for research and development and general and administrative purposes.  General and administrative expenses included costs for general and corporate functions, such as facility fees, travel, telecommunications, investor relations, insurance, professional fees, consulting fees and other overhead.

Loss from Operations .  Due to the increase in operating expenses, our loss from operations increased during six months ended June 30, 2011 to $1,599,467, from $210,791 for the six months ended June 30, 2010, presenting an increase of $1,388,676.
 
 
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Net Loss . As a result of the increase in our operating expenses, our net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $1,598,422 as compared to a net loss of $210,791 for the six months ended June 30, 2010, an increase of $1,387,631.

Comparison of Fiscal Years Ending December 31, 2010 and 2009

Operating Expenses . Operating expenses are made up of research and development and general and administrative expense.  Operating expenses decreased by $133,434, or approximately 25%, during the year ended December 31, 2010, from $528,772 during the year ended December 31, 2009 to $395,338.  The decrease resulted from a decrease in research and development expenses of $2,436 and a decrease in general and administrative expenses of $130,998.  General and administrative expenses included costs for general and corporate functions, such as facility fees, travel, telecommunications, investor relations, insurance, professional fees, consulting fees and other overhead.

Loss from Operations . Due to the decline in operating expenses, our loss from operations also decreased during the year ended December 31, 2010 by $133,434, or approximately 25%, from $528,772 during the year ended December 31, 2009 to $395,338.

Net Loss . As a result of the decrease in our operating expenses, our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $395,587 as compared to a net loss of $528,772 for the year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $133,185 or approximately 25%.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have not generated revenues to date.  We have funded our operations through the sale of our common stock.  From April 2008 to August 2010 we completed an offering of our common stock from which we raised gross proceeds $841,151, and from March to May 2011 we completed a second offering of our common stock from which we raised approximately $3,000,000 in gross proceeds.  We have no committed sources of financing and we do not expect to earn revenues in the near term.

At June 30, 2011, our current assets were in excess of current liabilities resulting in working capital of $1,863,519 compared to a working capital deficiency of $380,459 at June 30, 2010.  At June 30, 2011, our accumulated deficit increased to $3,112,365 as compared to $1,329,147 at June 30, 2010 and we had stockholders’ equity of $1,937,748 at June 30, 2011 as compared to a stockholders’ deficit of $333,301 at June 30, 2010.

Operating activities in the six months ended June 30, 2011 resulted in cash outflows of $412,045 which were due primarily to the loss for the period of $1,598,422 offset by common stock issued for services in the amount of $1,007,526 and increases in accounts payable and accrued compensation expense of $197,971.  In the six months ended June 30, 2010, cash outflows of $32,534 were primarily due to the loss for the period of $210,791 offset by an increase in accrued compensation expense of $132,822 and payment of $34,336 of services with common stock.

Investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 resulted in cash outflows of $28,405 and $0, respectively, for acquisition of fixed assets.

Financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2011 generated $2,836,338 in net cash from the issuance of common stock.  Gross proceeds of $2,999,374 were offset by issuance costs paid of $163,036.  Financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2010 generated $32,485 in cash from the issuance of common stock.
 
 
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At December 31, 2010, our current liabilities were in excess of current assets resulting in a working capital deficiency of $373,948 compared to a working capital deficiency of $246,006 at December 31, 2009.  At December 31, 2010, our accumulated deficit increased to $1,513,943 as compared to $1,118,356 at December 31, 2009 and we had a stockholders’ deficit of $316,806 as of December 31, 2010 as compared to a stockholders’ deficit of $189,331 as of December 31, 2009.

Operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2010 resulted in cash outflows of $129,966 which were due primarily to the loss for the period of $395,587 offset by common stock issued for services in the amount of $49,995, common stock to be issued in the amount of $68,674 and accrued compensation expense of $166,572.  In the year ended December 31, 2009, cash outflows of $293,013 were primarily due for the loss of the period of $528,772 offset by increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $42,221 and $79,359, respectively, and common stock issuable for services in the amount of $102,844.

Investing activities during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 resulted in cash outflows of $0 and $19,932, respectively, for acquisition of fixed assets.

Financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 generated $129,942 and $312,212, respectively, in cash from the issuance of common stock.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.

Future Operations

We expect to continue to incur losses in the coming quarters until we can successfully market our technology and sell related products and services.  We cannot assure you that our technology or future products and services will be accepted in the marketplace or whether and when we will become profitable.

Trends, Events and Uncertainties

Other than as discussed above, we are not aware of any trends, events or uncertainties that are likely to have a material effect on our financial condition.

Material Events

On May 10, 2011 we completed an offering of our common stock through MDB Capital Group LLC acting as our placement agent.  We offered a total of 1,090,683 shares at a price of $2.75 per share.  In consideration for its services, the placement agent received (i) 109,091 shares of our common stock and a five year warrant to purchase 109,091 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.75 per share and (ii) cash in the amount of $30,000 to offset the placement agent’s expenses incurred in connection with the offering.  We also retained MDB Capital Group LLC as an intellectual property and business strategy consultant.  For these services, we issued to MDB Capital Group LLC 363,636 shares of common stock valued at $1,000,000.  The securities offered were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.

 
43

 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The following table sets forth the names and ages of all of our directors and executive officers.  Our officers are appointed by, and serve at the pleasure of, the board of directors.

Name
 
Age
 
Position
 
Richard F. Rutkowski
 
55
 
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
 
Joseph Colannino
 
54
 
Chief Technology Officer
 
James N. Harmon
 
51
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
Geoffrey D. Osler
 
46
 
Chief Marketing Officer
 
Andrew U. Lee
 
60
 
Senior Vice President of Business Development
 
David B. Goodson
 
68
 
Chief Science Officer and Director
 
Stephen E. Pirnat
 
60
  Director  
Scott P. Isaacson
  63   Director  
Lon E. Bell, Ph.D.
 
70
 
Director
 
 
Biographical information with respect to our executive officers and directors is provided below.  There are no family relationships between any of our executive officers or directors.

Richard F. Rutkowski, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board of Directors

Mr. Rutkowski became a director of our Company in January 2008 and was appointed as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in February 2008.  Prior to joining ClearSign, Mr. Rutkowski was a co-founder of Microvision, Inc., a leader in optical beam-scanning display and imaging systems and served as the company’s Chief Executive Officer and Director from September 1995 until January 2006.  In January 2000, Mr. Rutkowski co-founded Lumera Corporation, a leading developer of a broad range of devices used in optical communications, biomedical analysis and broadband imaging that are based on the company’s proprietary nano-materials and electro-optic polymers.  Mr. Rutkowski served as Vice-Chairman of the Lumera’s board from January 2000 until May 2006. In May 2006, Mr. Rutkowski co-founded Ormont, LLC, a management consultancy specializing in advising companies on financing and marketing strategy, where he served as a partner from May 2006 until February, 2008.  From November 1992 to May 1994, Mr. Rutkowski served as Executive Vice President of Medialink Technologies Corporation (formerly Lone Wolf Corporation), a developer of high-speed digital networking technology for multimedia applications in audio-video computing, consumer electronics, and telecommunications.  From February 1990 to April 1995, Mr. Rutkowski was a principal of Rutkowski, Erickson, Scott, a business development consulting firm.  Mr. Rutkowski has acquired substantial domain expertise in electronic displays, information visualization and visual interface design, mobile computing, MEMS technology and optical MEMS technology, nano-materials and electro-optic materials technology, electro-optical component and systems technology and communications network protocols.  Mr. Rutkowski has served several times as an invited member of National Technology Transfer Center’s Advisory Panel.  He has frequently been featured as a speaker or panelist at technology and business conferences, and has appeared on local and national television numerous times.  He was honored as a Technology Pioneer at the World Economic Forum in 2002 and has been acknowledged by the University of Washington for his support of the University’s research efforts.  Mr. Rutkowski attended the University of Chicago and has extensive experience in starting and building technology businesses.  For these reasons our board of directors believes that Mr. Rutkowski’s membership on our board of directors is of high value to the Company.
 
 
44

 
 
Joseph Colannino, Chief Technology Officer

Mr. Colannino became Chief Technology Officer of our Company in May 2011.  Prior to joining ClearSign, from December 2006 to February 2011, Mr. Colannino was director of Research and Development at John Zink Company, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Koch Industries and a worldwide leader in the supply of combustion and air pollution control equipment to the energy industry. During that time his responsibilities were expanded to lead global R&D efforts. As head of global R&D, his responsibilities included management of intellectual property, oversight of John Zink’s testing facility and of the John Zink Institute, which trains more than 1,000 students per year in various aspects of combustion.  From November, 2005 to November 2006, Mr. Colannino headed knowledge management efforts at John Zink.  Mr. Colannino has more than 25 years in the combustion industry and has authored or contributed to several books including Industrial Combustion Testing , The Air Pollution Control Guide , The John Zink Combustion Handbook and Modeling of Combustion Systems – A Practical Approach . He is a registered professional engineer and has written and reviewed problems appearing on the NCEES professional engineering exam, given in all 50 states for professional engineering licensure.  Mr. Colannino’s areas of expertise include R&D management, combustion, pollutant formation and control, and statistical experimental design. Past and present memberships include the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the American Chemical Society, the Air and Waste Management Association, the American Statistical Association and the National Association of Professional Engineers. Mr. Colannino received a BSc. from the California Polytechnic University in Pomona, and a Masters in Knowledge Management from the University of Oklahoma.

James N. Harmon, Chief Financial Officer

Mr. Harmon was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer in June 2011.  Prior to joining ClearSign, Mr. Harmon was Chief Financial Officer of Sahale Snacks, Inc., a highly-differentiated premium snack manufacturer located in Seattle, from September 2010.  He was responsible for all financial matters including acquisition of commodities.  From November 2008 to September 2010, Mr. Harmon was a financial and real estate consultant for various businesses, including Sahale Snacks.  From January 1992 to November 2008, Mr. Harmon held senior management positions and was Treasurer and Secretary of Sabey Corporation, a Seattle-based real estate and investment company that is among the nation’s largest data center landlords for tenants such as Microsoft and JP Morgan Chase.  Mr. Harmon was Chief Financial Officer from January 1992 to August 2003 and Senior Vice President-Investments from September 2003 to November 2008.  Mr. Harmon was responsible for all financial matters including transactions and financings for sizable commercial properties and both publicly and privately traded securities.  Prior to his hiring, Mr. Harmon assisted Sabey Corporation in the initial public offering of one of its affiliates, Sun Sportswear, Inc.  Previously, Mr. Harmon was a certified public accountant with Price Waterhouse from 1982 to 1989 where he became an Audit Manager specializing in the manufacturing and retail industries, including SEC registrants filing under the 1933 and 1934 Acts.  Mr. Harmon received a B.A. in Business Administration/Accounting from Washington State University.

Geoffrey D. Osler, Chief Marketing Officer

Mr. Osler was appointed as our Chief Marketing Officer in February 2008.  He also served as a director from February 2008 until February 2011.  In May 2006, Mr. Osler co-founded Ormont, LLC, a management consultancy specializing in advising companies on financing and marketing strategy, where he served as a partner from May 2006 until February 2008.  From May 2007 until December 2009, he served as Vice President of Marketing and as a Director of Syngence Corporation, a Dallas, Texas based electronic discovery software company. From February 1999 until March 2006, he was Group Marketing Manager, Internet Products, and later Director of Partner Marketing for Adobe Systems, Inc. where he was responsible for worldwide programs with membership in excess of 10,000 developers, service providers, and certified training centers. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Osler headed marketing and business development for Baseview Products, Inc., a division of Harris Corporation and a major systems integrator in the newspaper industry. Mr. Osler has managed marketing teams in Europe, Asia and the Middle East in addition to the United States and Canada. Mr. Osler was co-founder and marketing director of Crosstree Systems Inc., the developer of Target, one of the world’s first daily, industry-specific email news services.  In 1994 at Science and Information Technology, Ltd., Mr. Osler was part of the team that created MAPS, one of the first software systems to enable web-based image searching and content management.  Mr. Osler concluded agreements placing MAPS at some of the world’s leading publications including The Times of London, The Daily Mirror and The Economist.  From 1992 to 1994, at the beginning of the shift to a free market, Mr. Osler worked for Apple Computer in Warsaw, Poland with  responsibility for product localization and securing exclusive distribution agreements with leading U.S. software and hardware manufacturers. Mr. Osler has a B.A. in Political Science and Journalism from the University of Western Ontario.
 
 
45

 
 
Andrew U. Lee, Senior Vice President of Business Development

Mr. Lee was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Business Development in May 2011. Prior to joining ClearSign, he was Senior Vice President, Sales and Business Development for Adapx, Inc. from July 2008 to May 2011. At Adapx, Mr. Lee had overall P&L and revenue responsibility, assisted with three product launches, and developed OEM relationships in the medical, commercial and defense industries. From November 2006 to May 2008, Mr. Lee was Senior Vice President, Sales for Zonar Systems, Inc., with overall revenue responsibility. From January 2006 to November 2006, he was a partner with Paladin Partners, an early stage business consulting enterprise.  From June 1999 to January 2006, Mr. Lee was Vice President, Sales of Microvision, Inc., where he developed numerous channel partners in the US, Europe and Asia. During his tenure, Microvision was awarded the “Fast 50” designation from Deloitte & Touche for sales growth in Washington State. Mr. Lee has extensive experience in the aerospace, defence, retail, transportation and medical sectors and expertise in sales force leadership, and the formation of strategic alliances and contract negotiation. Mr. Lee has a B.A. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley.

David B. Goodson, Chief Science Officer and Director

Mr. Goodson became a director of our Company in January 2008 and was appointed as Chief Science Officer in February 2008. Mr. Goodson is also Executive Director of the Alternative Energy Resources Alliance (AERA), a Washington State non-profit foundation dedicated to the development of new forms of electromechanical conversion technology.  Mr. Goodson founded AERA in 2002. During his career, Mr. Goodson has led the development and commercialization of a diverse array of technologies including electro-optic polymer materials, advanced combustion systems and fermentation technologies.  He has also been a technology advisor and consultant to several other companies in related areas.  As founder of Air Pollution Systems, Inc., Mr. Goodson invented and co-developed with the Electric Power Research Institute a novel pre-charger device to increase the effectiveness of electrostatic precipitators.  The company was acquired in 1978 by the Linde division of Union Carbide and the technology remains an industry standard in the reduction of particulate emissions resulting from industrial-scale combustion.  Earlier in his career, Mr. Goodson was a senior manager at Boeing Aerospace where he was responsible for development efforts at subcontractors such as Bendix, Sperry and IBM, and was granted the US Government’s highest level of security clearance for his work in the defense arena.  Mr. Goodson’s scientific interests began in high school when he collaborated with James Watson and Francis Crick, co-discoverers of the structure of DNA, to place at the top of the International Science Fair.  He was also awarded the Patriotic Civilian Service Award by the United States Army for work of value to the Army.  Mr. Goodson’s numerous US patents include US 4,110,086, US 4,675,029, US 9/760,214 and US 5,702,244.  In light of Mr. Goodson’s extensive science background and his experience in developing and successfully commercializing new technologies, we believe that his membership on our board of directors is of high value to the Company.

Stephen E. Pirnat, Director

Mr. Pirnat became a director of our Company in November 2011. Since September 2009, Mr. Pirnat has held the position of President of Quest Integrated Inc., a technology incubator and boutique private equity firm, and the President & CEO of the newly formed Quest Metrology Group LLC.  From February 2000 to September 2009, Mr. Pirnat served as President & CEO of the John Zink Company, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Koch Industries and a worldwide leader in the supply of combustion and air pollution control equipment to the energy industry.  In that former capacity, Mr. Pirnat was a Board member of Quest Integrity Group.  Mr. Pirnat, a long-time executive with Ingersoll-Rand and Ingersoll-Dresser Corporation, went to John Zink from a previous post as President & CEO of Pangborn Corporation, a leading supplier of surface preparation equipment and associated services to the automotive and aircraft industries. Mr. Pirnat began his career as an applications engineer with the Pump and Condenser Group of Ingersoll-Rand, where he advanced through a variety of sales, marketing, engineering, and operational positions with that company and its successor, Ingersoll-Dresser.  These positions included Vice President of Ingersoll-Rand’s Standard Products Division, Vice President of Marketing for Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps, President of Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Canada Ltd., and Vice President & General Manager of Ingersoll-Rand Engineered Equipment Division.  Mr. Pirnat holds a BSc. in Mechanical Engineering from the New Jersey Institute of Technology.  Mr. Pirnat’s technological expertise and business experience in the combustion and air pollution control industry led us to conclude that he would be a valuable addition to our board of directors.
 
 
46

 
 
Scott P. Isaacson, Director

Mr. Isaacson became a director of our Company in November 2011. He has over 33 years of experience in advising and representing businesses in managing their programs related to environmental, legal and regulatory risk issues.  Since 2000, he has held the position as Vice President with California Portland Cement Company where he oversees the environmental programs for this construction materials manufacturing company with operations located in the Western United States.  Mr. Isaacson is an experienced legal expert on a broad scope of environmental compliance requirements for major federal environmental laws and programs as well as related state programs.  He has been the principal advising attorney on environmental issues for complex, multi-program projects to include remediation of federal and state cleanup sites, development projects, industrial air emissions, and, more recently, federal and state actions to regulate greenhouse gases.  In his prior position as a partner with the Seattle law firm of Bogle and Gates, he advised clients on federal, state and local environmental compliance, land use, government contractor liability and exposure to toxic or hazardous materials as well as issues related to individual and corporate civil and criminal liability under environmental laws.  Clients included local governments and a number of large and mid-size businesses and companies involved in manufacturing, production, and service.  Previous to that , he was the Chief of the Environmental Law Division at the Department of the Army and the senior attorney responsible for advising commands throughout the United States on environmental policy and compliance issues arising from Army activities, and handled or supervised complex and significant environmental actions that were under the scrutiny of federal, state, and local regulators as well as interested private environmental organizations.  Mr. Isaacson holds a BSc. from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and a Juris Doctor from the University of Washington.  He is a member of the bar for United States Supreme Court, the Supreme Court of the State of Washington, and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals.  Mr. Isaacson’s business experience and legal expertise in the field of environmental compliance led us to conclude that he would be a valuable addition to our board of directors.

Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., Director

Dr. Bell became a director of our Company in November 2011. He founded Amerigon Inc. in 1991 and has been a Consultant to Amerigon since December 2010. Dr. Bell has served many roles in Amerigon, Inc., including Chief Technology Officer until December 2010, Director of Technology until 2000, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer until 1999, and President until 1997. Dr. Bell served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of BSST LLC, a subsidiary of Amerigon from September 2000 to December 2010. He has served as a Director of Amerigon since 1991. Previously, Dr. Bell co-founded Technar Incorporated, which developed and manufactured automotive components, and served as Technar’s Chairman and President until selling majority ownership to TRW Inc. in 1986. Dr. Bell continued managing Technar, then known as TRW Technar, as its President until 1991. He co-founded Mahindra REVA Electric Vehicle Co Ltd. in 1994 and serves as its Vice Chairman. He has been a Member of Scientific Advisory Board of Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc. since 2006. Dr. Bell is a leading expert in the mass production of thermoelectric products. He has authored more than 20 publications in the areas of thermodynamics of thermoelectric systems, automotive crash sensors, and other electronic and electromechanical devices. Five of his inventions have gone into mass production and dominated their target markets. Dr. Bell received a BSc. in Mathematics, an MSc. in Rocket Propulsion, and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology.  Dr. Bell’s recognized technological expertise in the field of thermodynamics and his demonstrated ability to commercialize inventions led us to conclude that he would be a valuable addition to our board of directors.
 
 
47

 
 
Director Independence

Our board of directors has unanimously determined that Stephen E. Pirnat, Scott P. Isaacson and Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., comprising a majority of our board of directors, are “independent directors” as such term is defined by Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5605(a)(2). We presently do not have any committees relating to our board of directors, since we have thus far not been required to establish and maintain committees.  However, in accordance with Nasdaq requirements, we intend to establish an audit committee and a compensation committee by the end of 2011.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years, been involved in any legal proceedings described in subparagraph (f) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K, except that on August 25, 2008 Mr. Osler filed for personal bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, and his reorganization plan was confirmed on February 5, 2010 with an effective date of March 15, 2010.  Mr. Osler’s case was reopened in February 2011 in order to modify the reorganization plan, and the modified plan was confirmed on April 27, 2011.  The Company does not believe the foregoing impacts Mr. Osler’s service to the Company.

Technical Advisors

We have a group of technical advisors comprised of individuals with expertise which we call upon for assistance and advice in designing, developing, and marketing our technology.  Our technical advisors are consultants who are not members of our board of directors and are not vested with any decision making authority with respect to the Company.  The following table sets forth the names and ages of our advisors as of September 30, 2011, and biographical information about each member follow.

Name
 
Age
 
Position
 
Thomas S. Hartwick, Ph.D.
 
77
 
Advisor
Robert E. Breidenthal, Ph.D.
 
60
 
Advisor
Uri Shumlak, Ph.D.
 
46
 
Advisor
John C. Kramlich, Ph.D.
 
60
 
Advisor
Swapna Hiray
 
39
 
Advisor

Thomas S. Hartwick, Ph.D., Advisor

Dr. Hartwick became an Advisor of our Company in January 2008.  He has more than 45 years of experience in general management in the US aerospace industry, leading large organizations in research and development, technology transfer/insertion and mainstream business management supporting all segments of the U.S. government. From 1992 to 1995, Dr. Hartwick led the Satellite Payload Program and System Design Group for TRW. Previously, he was Strategic Plan Manager for Hughes Aircraft Company.  Dr. Hartwick’s general management responsibilities have included electro-optic R&D laboratories, chip R&D and manufacturing, and corporate strategic planning. His areas of published academic research include sensors and imaging, optical communications, magnetic materials, microwave devices, molecular lasers, far-infrared lasers, and laser heterodyne radiometry.  Appearing regularly as an expert at various Congressional hearings, Dr. Hartwick currently holds Top Secret (Level III) security clearance with the U.S. Government.  Dr. Hartwick serves on a number of academic, government, and industrial boards in a technical management role. He is past Chairman (Emeritus) of the Advisory Group on Electron Devices for the Office of the Secretary of Defense and Chair of National Research Council committees on Aviation Security Research and Development. He is active with the Defense Science Board and General Accounting Office, and has served for more than two decades with the National Technology Transfer Center. Dr. Hartwick serves on three corporate boards and is Vice Chair of the Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design for the National Academy of Science and Engineering. He served on the board of directors of Aculight Corporation, which was acquired in September 2008 by Lockheed Martin Corporation.  Dr. Hartwick received a BSc. in Physics from the University of Illinois, a MSc. in physics from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California.
 
 
48

 
 
Robert E. Breidenthal, Ph.D., Advisor

Dr. Breidenthal became anAdvisor of our Company in November 2009. A professor at the University of Washington’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics since 1980, Dr. Breidenthal is a recognized expert in turbulent entrainment, including the high-speed mixing of fuel and oxidant and the high-velocity fluid flow that power jet engines and turbine generators. He has led projects for companies including The Boeing Company, CH2M Hill, ARCO Alaska and PACCAR, and has received research support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Science Foundation, NASA and ASEA Brown Boveri, Ltd., of Switzerland.  Dr. Breidenthal has published numerous papers for major scientific journals on subjects including ignition and flame propagation process, turbulent mixing, flow visualization, mixing and chemical reaction, elements of entrainment, and addressing complexity in laboratory experiments. Journals in which his papers have appeared include the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Physics of Fluids, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, and the Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. He has presented papers at the Symposium of Turbulence and Diffusion, the International Conference on Lasers and Applications, and the International Conference on Fluid Mechanics.  Among several issued patents, Dr. Breidenthal is the inventor of a method of improving fuel and air mixing in high-pressure combustion systems, which describes an approach to simplify mechanical design while at the same time reducing emissions, improving fuel efficiency and increasing compression ratios (horsepower). His work is also cited in numerous other US and international patents.  Dr. Breidenthal received a BSc. in Aeronautical Engineering from Wichita State University, and a MSc. and Ph.D. in Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology.

Uri Shumlak, Ph.D., Advisor

Dr. Shumlak became an Advisor of our Company in January 2010. A professor at the University of Washington’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics since 1994, Dr. Shumlak’s expertise includes plasma physics, innovative magnetic plasma confinement for fusion energy, electric propulsion, and theoretical and computational plasma modeling. Dr. Shumlak was the recipient of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Abe Zarem Award of Excellence in 2003, and is a two-time recipient of the University of Washington Aeronautics and Astronautics Professor of the Year Award in 1999 and 2002. His work includes theoretical and experimental investigation of the stabilizing effect of sheared flows in magnetically confined plasmas and he has been invited to speak at numerous international conferences. Dr. Shumlak has published dozens of papers in major scientific journals, including the Journal of Computational Physics, Review of Scientific Instruments, Physical Review Letters, The Journal of Propulsion and Power and Nuclear Fusion. Dr. Shumlak has been awarded several US patents for his invention of a Plasma-Based EUV Light Source. Professor Shumlak received a BSc. from Texas A&M University and a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.
 
John C. Kramlich, Ph.D., Advisor

Dr. Kramlich became an Advisor of our Company in January 2010. Dr. Kramlich has been a Professor of Mechanical Engineering and the Associate Chair for Academics at the University of Washington’s College of Engineering since 1992. His principal technical interests include combustion, with an emphasis on pollutant formation and control, and the numerical and theoretical analysis of turbulent reacting flows involving combustion. Earlier in his career, he was vice president, process research and development at the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, where he led research into the development of pollution reduction techniques for large fossil fuel-fired energy systems. Dr. Kramlich has also worked on a number of consulting projects involving energy systems at power plants, oil refineries and biomass conversion plants.  Dr. Kramlich’s research interests include mechanisms of resperable ash generation from coal and biomass fuels, development of an acoustically-enhanced afterburner for shipboard incineration applications, development of a turbulence / chemistry performance model for natural gas reburning and NO X control and flame liftoff and stability in microgravity environments.  He has published in numerous  scientific journals, including Nature for an advanced selective reduction process for NO X control, Geophysical Research Letters for an artifact in the measurement of N 2 O from combustion sources and in Fuel Processing Technology for a chemical kinetic model for the homogeneous oxidation of mercury by chlorine species.  In 1996, Dr. Kramlich received the Environmental Protection Agency’s Scientific and Technological Achievement Award for his work on Nitrous Oxide Behavior in the Atmosphere, and in Combustion and Industrial Systems.  Dr. Kramlich’s work at the University of Washington has been supported by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, NASA, the Gas Research Institute, and various industrial organizations.  Dr. Kramlich received his Ph.D. in Engineering Science from Washington State University.
 
 
49

 
 
 
Swapna Hiray, Advisor

Swapna Hiray became an Advisor of our Company in April 2008. Ms. Hiray is Senior Business Development Analyst at Intellectual Ventures in Bellevue, Washington, a position she has held since June 2008. Previously, Ms. Hiray was a member of the technology development group at Pratt & Whitney, a division of United Technologies Corporation from April 2004. Ms. Hiray directed the marketing of Pratt & Whitney’s Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) technology, a new product for the removal of ash deposition from utility and other industrial boilers.  In this capacity, she worked extensively with customers including American Electric Power (AEP). Prior to Pratt & Whitney, from 2001 to 2004, Ms. Hiray was responsible for managing and marketing of new innovations at University of Washington Center for Commercialization. There, she collaborated with the faculty and administration to establish the technical merits of new innovations and identify potential applications. Ms. Hiray has an undergraduate degree in Engineering. She obtained her MBA from the University of Washington Foster School of Business.
 
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The table below summarizes the total compensation paid to or earned by our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Marketing Officer, who during 2010 and 2009 was also our principal financial officer.
 
Summary Compensation Table

Name and
Principal Position
 
Year
 
Salary
   
Bonus
 
Option
Awards
 
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
 
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
 
All Other
Compensation
 
Total
                                         
Richard F. Rutkowski
 
2010
  $
131,250
 (1)  
-
   
-
 
-
 
-
   
-
 
$131,250
Chief Executive Officer, President (Principal Executive Officer) and Director
 
2009
 
150,000
   
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
150,000
                                 
                                   
Geoffrey D. Osler (3)
 
2010
 
105,000
 (2)  
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
105,000
Chief Marketing Officer
 
2009
 
120,000
   
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
120,000
 

(1)
Of this amount, $54,851 was paid in cash, with the remainder accrued as unpaid compensation.  Of this amount, $52,381 was paid in April 2011 and the remainder was paid in September 2011.
 
(2)
Of this amount, $43,441 was paid in cash, with the remainder accrued as unpaid compensation.  Of this amount, $38,095 was paid in April 2011 and the remainder was paid in September 2011.
 
(3)
Mr. Osler served as a director on our board, without compensation, from February 2008 through February 2011.
 
 
 
 
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Current and Future Compensation Practices

Currently, our compensation program consists only of the payment of base salaries with cash.  During 2011, we implemented a compensation program for our employees consisting of base salary and awards of stock options or restricted stock.  We believe that a combination of cash, options for the purchase of common stock, or grants of restricted stock will allow us to attract and retain the services of the individuals who will help us achieve our business objectives, thereby increasing value for our shareholders.  We believe that share ownership by our employees is an effective method to deliver superior shareholder returns by increasing the alignment between the interests of our employees and our shareholders. No employee will be required to own common stock in our Company.
 
In setting the compensation for our officers, we look primarily at the person’s responsibilities, at salaries paid to others in businesses similar to ours, at the person’s experience and education and at our ability to replace the individual.  We expect the base salaries of our executive officers to remain relatively constant unless the person’s responsibilities are materially changed.  During 2009 and 2010, because we had limited cash resources, we periodically accrued salaries for our executive officers.  As of September 30, 2011, our executive officers were paid in cash all accrued wages due to them through that date.  It is possible that we will again be unable to pay these salaries in a timely manner until we begin to generate cash from sales of our products or we arrange additional financing in the form of equity sales or debt instruments.

We also expect that we may pay bonuses in the future to reward exceptional performance or for the achievement of agreed upon targets, either by the individual or by the Company.

Employment Agreements

We do not currently have any written employment agreements with any of our other executive officers.

Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2010

There were no awards of equity securities granted to our executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2010.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

We do not currently have a compensation committee.  Each member of the board of directors, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Science Officer, participated during the year ended December 31, 2010 in deliberations concerning the compensation of our executive officers.

Director Compensation

Members of our board of directors do not receive compensation for their service as directors at this time.  However, commencing on the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, each of the independent directors comprising Messrs. Pirnat and Isaacson and Dr. Bell will receive each calendar year $50,000 in cash and $50,000 of stock or stock option grants in accordance with the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.  There was no compensation paid to our directors for their services as directors during the year ended December 31, 2010.  All directors are reimbursed ordinary and reasonable expenses incurred in exercising their responsibilities.

Indemnification

See the section of this prospectus titled “Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers”.

 
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following is a brief description of our capital stock.  This summary does not purport to be complete in all respects.  This description is subject to and qualified entirely by the terms of our Articles of Incorporation, as amended and our bylaws, copies of which have been filed with the SEC and are also available upon request from us.

Authorized Capitalization

We have 52,000,000 shares of capital stock authorized under our Articles of Incorporation, consisting of 50,000,000 shares of common stock and 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock.  As of September 30, 2011, we had 4,118,114 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.  Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our shareholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded.  If the approval of our shareholders is not so required, our board of directors may determine not to seek shareholder approval.

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for such purpose, subject to any preferential dividend rights of any then outstanding preferred stock.  The shares of common stock are neither redeemable nor convertible.  Holders of common stock have no preemptive or subscription rights to purchase any of our securities.

Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each such share outstanding in the holder’s name.  No holder of common stock is entitled to cumulate votes in voting for directors.

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive pro rata our assets which are legally available for distribution, after payments of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any holders of preferred stock then outstanding.  All of the outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.  The shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will also be fully paid and non-assessable.

There is no public market for our common stock.  We intend to apply for listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and listing on this exchange is a condition to the consummation of this offering.

Preferred Stock

Our Articles of Incorporation permits us to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and with rights and preferences that may be fixed or designated by our board of directors without any further action by our shareholders.  We currently have no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
 
Subject to the limitations prescribed in our Articles of Incorporation and under Washington law, our Articles of Incorporation authorize the board of directors, from time to time by resolution and without further shareholder action, to provide for the issuance of shares of preferred stock, in one or more series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and other rights of the shares and to fix the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof.  The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the rights of holders of our common stock, including with respect to voting, dividends and liquidation and, by issuing shares of preferred stock with certain voting, conversion and/or redemption rights.  Such issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control.  Preferred stock could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our Company or to make removal of management more difficult.  Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may decrease the market price of our common stock.

 
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Stock Options and Warrants

As of September 30, 2011, the following were outstanding:

 
173,091 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under various outstanding warrant agreements, at a weighted average exercise price of $2.57 per share; and
 
 
500,000 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, of which 290,000 shares are reserved for issuance under various outstanding option agreements at a weighted average exercise price of $2.75 per share and 100,000 are reserved for restricted stock grants.

Voting Agreement

On March 4, 2008, David Goodson, the BD and DBG Living Trust (formerly known as the B. D. and D. G. Goodson Trust), The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance (a former shareholder controlled by David Goodson), Geoffrey Osler, Richard Rutkowski, The Rutkowski Family Trust I (formerly known as Trinity West Trust I) and The Rutkowski Family Trust II (formerly known as Trinity West Trust II) (collectively, the “Rutkowski Family Trusts”) entered into a Voting Agreement.  Pursuant to the terms of the Voting Agreement, each party to it agrees to vote his or its voting stock for the designee selected by the following:

 
the group made up of David Goodson, the BD and DBG Living Trust and Alternative Energy Resource Alliance is entitled to designate one member of the board of directors, so long as in the aggregate they hold 15% of the outstanding capital stock;

 
Mr. Osler is entitled to designate one member of the board of directors so long as he holds 5% of the outstanding common stock; and

 
Mr. Rutkowski and the Rutkowski Family Trusts is entitled to designate one member of the board of directors so long as in the aggregate they hold 7.5% of the outstanding common stock.

When ownership of the designating person or designating group drops below the required threshold, the right to designate a director terminates.  No designated director can be removed unless the removal is directed or approved by the designating person or designating group.  Any vacancy on the board of directors caused by the resignation, death, removal or disqualification of a designated director may be filled by the person or group responsible for his designation.  The parties also agreed not to vote to change the number of directors so long as the Voting Agreement is in effect and not to revoke the Voting Agreement.  The Voting Agreement will terminate upon the consummation of the first underwritten public offering of our common stock (other than for a sale of securities to be issued to our employees or to be issued in a transaction which is subject to Rule 145 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), by agreement of the parties (although if the designating person or designating group does not own at least 10% of the outstanding common stock, the remaining parties are not required to obtain the consent of that designating person or designating group to terminate the Voting Agreement) or upon the consummation of a change of control, as that term is defined in the Voting Agreement.
 
 
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Founders Agreement

On April 14, 2008 the Company entered into a Founders Agreement with David Goodson, BD and DBG Living Trust, The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance (a former shareholder controlled by David Goodson), Geoff Osler, Richard Rutkowski, The Rutkowski Family Trust I and The Rutkowski Family Trust II (individually a “Shareholder” and collectively the “Shareholders”).  For purposes of this discussion, David Goodson, BD and DBG Living Trust and The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance form a Shareholder group and Richard Rutkowski, The Rutkowski Family Trust I and The Rutkowski Family Trust II form a Shareholder group.  Pursuant to the Founders Agreement, before a Shareholder may voluntarily transfer his or its shares of common stock, or before a Shareholder’s shares of common stock can be transferred involuntarily, the non-transferring Shareholders will have a right of first refusal to purchase all or any portion of the transferred shares and the Company will have a right of first refusal to purchase any shares not purchased by the non-transferring Shareholders.  The transferring Shareholder must give written notice to the non-transferring Shareholders of the terms of the proposed transfer.  The non-transferring Shareholders will have a period of 10 business days to elect to purchase all or any portion of their respective pro rata shares at the same price and subject to the same terms and conditions as described in the notice.  If the non-transferring Shareholders fail to purchase all of the shares being transferred, the transferring Shareholder must provide notice to the Company of the number of shares available for purchase.  The Company will have a period of 15 business days to exercise its right of first refusal and must complete the purchase within 30 days of receiving the notice.  If the transfer is by pledge, gift, in-kind transfer or involuntary transfer, then the non-transferring Shareholders and the Company may purchase the shares at fair market value, which will be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors.  Like the Voting Agreement, the Founders Agreement will terminate upon the consummation of the first underwritten public offering of our common stock (other than for a sale of securities to be issued to our employees or to be issued in a transaction which is subject to Rule 145 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), by agreement of the parties (although if a Shareholder or Shareholder group does not own at least 10% of the outstanding common stock, the remaining parties are not required to obtain the consent of that Shareholder or Shareholder group to terminate the Founders Agreement), upon the consummation of a change of control, as that term is defined in the Founders Agreement or when the shares of common stock owned collectively by the Shareholders constitutes less than 20% of the Company’s outstanding capital stock.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Washington Law and Our Charter Documents

The following is a summary of certain provisions of Washington law, our Articles of Incorporation and our bylaws.  This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the corporate law of Washington and our Articles of Incorporation and bylaws.
 
Effect of Washington Anti-Takeover Statute.   Assuming that the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective, we will be subject to Section 23B.19 of the Washington Revised Statutes, an anti-takeover law (the “Anti-Takeover Statute”).  In general, the Anti-Takeover Statute prohibits a target corporation from entering into a significant business transaction with an acquiring person for a period of five years following the acquiring person’s share acquisition unless

 
·
the share acquisition is exempt because it was inadvertently made and the acquiring person divests himself of a sufficient amount of the voting shares so that he is no longer the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the outstanding voting shares of the target corporation and would not have, during the five year period prior to the announcement date of the significant business transaction been an acquiring person but for the inadvertent acquisition,

 
·
the significant business transaction or the purchase of shares made by the acquiring person is approved prior to the acquiring person’s share acquisition time by a majority of the members of the board of directors of the target corporation; or

 
·
At or subsequent to the acquiring person’s share acquisition time, the significant business transaction is approved by a majority of the members of the board of directors of the target corporation and approved at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting shares, except shares beneficially owned by or under the voting control of the acquiring person.
 
 
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The Anti-Takeover Statute generally defines an “acquiring person” as a person or group of persons, other than the target corporation or a subsidiary of the target corporation, who beneficially owns 10% or more of the outstanding voting shares of the target corporation.  The term “acquiring person” does not include a person who (a) beneficially owned 10% or more of the outstanding voting shares of the target corporation on March 23, 1988; (b) acquires its shares by gift, inheritance, or in a transaction in which no consideration is exchanged; (c) exceeds the 10% threshold as a result of action taken solely by the target corporation, such as redemption of shares, unless that person, by his own action, acquires additional shares of the target corporation; (d) beneficially was the owner of 10% or more of the outstanding voting shares prior to the time the target corporation had a class of voting shares registered with the SEC pursuant to section 12 or 15 of the Securities Exchange Act; or (e) beneficially was the owner of 10% or more of the outstanding voting shares prior to the time the target corporation amended its articles of incorporation to provide that the corporation shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter.

The Anti-Takeover Statute defines a “significant business transaction” as:

 
(a)
A merger, share exchange, or consolidation of a target corporation or a subsidiary of a target corporation with (i) an acquiring person, or (ii) any other domestic or foreign corporation which is, or after the merger, share exchange, or consolidation would be, an affiliate or associate of the acquiring person;

 
(b)
A sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer, or other disposition or encumbrance, whether in one transaction or a series of transactions, to or with an acquiring person or an affiliate or associate of an acquiring person of assets of a target corporation or a subsidiary of a target corporation (i) having an aggregate market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of all the assets, determined on a consolidated basis, of the target corporation, (ii) having an aggregate market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of all the outstanding shares of the target corporation, or (iii) representing 5% or more of the earning power or net income, determined on a consolidated basis, of the target corporation;

 
(c)
The termination, while the corporation has an acquiring person and as a result of the acquiring person’s acquisition of 10% or more of the shares of the corporation, of 5% or more of the employees of the target corporation or its subsidiaries employed in this state, whether at one time or over the five-year period following the share acquisition time;

 
(d)
The issuance, transfer, or redemption by a target corporation or a subsidiary of a target corporation, whether in one transaction or a series of transactions, of shares or of options, warrants, or rights to acquire shares of a target corporation or a subsidiary of a target corporation to or beneficially owned by an acquiring person or an affiliate or associate of an acquiring person except pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights to purchase shares offered, or a dividend, distribution, or redemption paid or made pro rata to, all shareholders or holders of options, warrants, or rights to acquire shares of the target corporation, and except for involuntary redemptions permitted by the target corporation’s charter or by the law of this state or the state of incorporation;

 
(e)
The liquidation or dissolution of a target corporation proposed by, or pursuant to an agreement, arrangement, or understanding, whether or not in writing, with an acquiring person or an affiliate or associate of an acquiring person;

 
(f)
A reclassification of securities, including, without limitation, any shares split, shares dividend, or other distribution of shares in respect of stock, or any reverse shares split, or recapitalization of a target corporation, or a merger or consolidation of a target corporation with a subsidiary of the target corporation, or any other transaction, whether or not with or into or otherwise involving an acquiring person, proposed by, or pursuant to an agreement, arrangement, or understanding, whether or not in writing, with an acquiring person or an affiliate or associate of an acquiring person, that has the effect, directly or indirectly, of increasing the proportionate share of the outstanding shares of a class or series of voting shares or securities convertible into voting shares of a target corporation or a subsidiary of the target corporation that is directly or indirectly owned by an acquiring person or an affiliate or associate of an acquiring person, except as a result of immaterial changes due to fractional share adjustments; or
 
 
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(g)
A receipt by an acquiring person or an affiliate or associate of an acquiring person of the benefit, directly or indirectly, except proportionately as a shareholder of a target corporation, of loans, advances, guarantees, pledges, or other financial assistance or tax credits or other tax advantages provided by or through a target corporation.

Finally, the Anti-Takeover Statute defines a “target corporation” as:

 
(a)
Every domestic corporation, if:

(i)           The corporation has a class of voting shares registered with the SEC pursuant to Section 12 or 15 of the Securities Exchange Act; or

(ii)           The corporation’s articles of incorporation have been amended to provide that such a corporation shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter, if the corporation did not have a class of voting shares registered with the SEC pursuant to section 12 or 15 of the Securities Exchange Act on the effective date of that amendment; and

 
(b)
Every foreign corporation required to have a certificate of authority to transact business in the State of Washington if:

(i)           The corporation has a class of voting shares registered with the SEC pursuant to section 12 or 15 of the Securities Exchange Act;

(ii)           The corporation’s principal executive office is located in the state;

(iii)           The corporation has: (A) more than 10% of its shareholders of record resident in the state; or (B) more than 10% of its shares owned of record by state residents; or (C) 1,000 or more shareholders of record resident in the state;

(iv)           A majority of the corporation’s employees, together with those of its subsidiaries, are residents of the state or the corporation, together with its subsidiaries, employs more than one thousand residents of the state; and

(v)           A majority of the corporation’s tangible assets, together with those of its subsidiaries, measured by market value, are located in the state or the corporation, together with its subsidiaries, has more than fifty million dollars’ worth of tangible assets located in the state.

Our Charter Documents.   Our charter documents include provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control or an unsolicited acquisition proposal that a shareholder might consider favorable, including a proposal that might result in the payment of a premium over the market price for the shares held by our shareholders.  Certain of these provisions are summarized in the following paragraphs.
 
Effects of authorized but unissued common stock and blank check preferred stock.   One of the effects of the existence of authorized but unissued common stock and undesignated preferred stock may be to enable our board of directors to make more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of our Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby to protect the continuity of management.  If, in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, the board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal was not in our best interest, such shares could be issued by the board of directors without shareholder approval in one or more transactions that might prevent or render more difficult or costly the completion of the takeover transaction by diluting the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent shareholder group, by putting a substantial voting block in institutional or other hands that might undertake to support the position of the incumbent board of directors, by effecting an acquisition that might complicate or preclude the takeover, or otherwise.
 
 
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In addition, our Articles of Incorporation grant our board of directors broad power to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock.  The issuance of shares of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock.  The issuance also may adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of those holders and may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of our Company.
 
Cumulative Voting.   Our Articles of Incorporation do not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors which would allow holders of less than a majority of the stock to elect some directors.
 
Vacancies.   Our bylaws provide that all vacancies may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum.
 
Special Meeting of Shareholders.   A special meeting of shareholders may only be called by our chairman of the board, the president or the board of directors or by holders of at least 25% of all the votes entitled to be cast proposed to be considered at the special meeting.
 

DIVIDEND POLICY AND OTHER SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

We have never paid cash dividends on our securities and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our shares of common stock in the foreseeable future.  We intend to retain any future earnings for reinvestment in our business.  Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors, and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.

We intend to apply for the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market but we cannot assure you that our application will be approved.  If our application is not approved, we may not complete the offering.

As of September 30, 2011, we had approximately 4,118,114 shares of common stock outstanding, held of record by approximately 77 shareholders.
 
 
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
 
We have set forth in the following table certain information regarding our common stock beneficially owned by (i) each shareholder we know to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock, (ii) each of our directors and named executive officers, and (iii) all executive officers and directors as a group. Generally, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares the power to dispose or to direct the disposition of such security.  A person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities of which the person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days pursuant to options, warrants, conversion privileges or similar rights.  Unless otherwise indicated, ownership information is as of September 30, 2011 and is based on 4,118,114 shares of common stock outstanding on that date.
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
 
Amount of 
Beneficial
Ownership (2)
   
Percent of 
Class
 
Directors and Officers:
           
Richard F. Rutkowski
    225,000       5.3 %
Geoffrey D. Osler
    392,900       9.5 %
David B. Goodson
    -       0.0 %
James N. Harmon
    100,000 (3)     2.4 %
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (3 persons)
    717,900       17.0 %
                 
5% Shareholders:
               
Howard Sprouse
    832,000 (4)     20.2 %
Ronald P. Erickson
    384,000 (5)     9.3 %
Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc.
    363,636 (6)     8.8 %
MDB Capital Group LLC
    290,819 (7)     7.0 %
 

(1)
The address of each officer and director is 12870 Interurban Avenue South, Seattle, Washington 98168.
 
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is generally determined by voting powers and/or investment powers with respect to securities.  Unless otherwise noted, the shares of common stock listed above are owned as of September 30, 2011 and are owned of record by each individual named as beneficial owner and such individual has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares of common stock owned by each of them.
 
(3)
These shares were awarded under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan and are subject to repurchase by the Company at $0.0001 per share should Mr. Harmon terminate employment, or upon other related circumstances, prior to June 30, 2015.
 
(4)
Mr. Sprouse is the trustee of the BD and DBG Living Trust, and in such capacity he has voting and investment control over the shares owned by the trust. BD and DBG Living Trust is an irrevocable trust established for the benefit of Mr. Goodson’s child.  Mr. Sprouse disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by the trust.
 
(5)
Includes 192,000 shares of common stock held by the Rutkowski Family Trust I, and 192,000 shares of common stock held by the Rutkowski Family Trust II.  Mr. Erickson is the trustee of the foregoing trusts, and in such capacity he has voting and investment control over the 192,000 shares owned by each of  these trusts. Rutkowski Family Trust I and Rutkowski Family Trust II are irrevocable trusts established for the benefit of the children of Mr. Rutkowski.  Mr. Erickson disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by these trusts.
 
(6)
The address for Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc. is 401 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1020, Santa Monica, California 90401.  Christopher A. Marlett is a CEO/director and Robert M. Levande is a Secretary/director of Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc.  Mr. Marlett and Mr. Levande are also CEO and Senior Managing Director, respectively, of MDB Capital Group LLC.  The board of directors of Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc., at large, holds voting and investment control over the securities held by the corporation.
 
(7)
The address for MDB Capital Group LLC is 401 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1020, Santa Monica, California 90401.  This amount includes 231,365 shares of common stock and a warrant for the purchase of 59,454 shares of common stock.  Christopher A. Marlett has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to these shares of common stock.
 
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

We intend to apply for the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market.  Therefore, our determination of the independence of directors is made using the definition of “independent” contained in the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market.  On the basis of information solicited from each director, the board has unanimously determined that each of Mr. Pirnat, Mr. Isaacson and Dr. Bell has no material relationship with the Company and is independent within the meaning of such rules.
 
 
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SEC regulations define the related person transactions that require disclosure to include any transaction, arrangement or relationship in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the Company’s total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years in which we were or are to be a participant and in which a related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.  A related person is: (i) an executive officer, director or director nominee of the Company, (ii) a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock, (iii) an immediate family member of an executive officer, director or director nominee or beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock, or (iv) any entity that is owned or controlled by any of the foregoing persons or in which any of the foregoing persons has a substantial ownership interest or control.

For the period from January 1, 2008 through the date of this prospectus (the “Reporting Period”), described below are certain transactions or series of transactions between us and certain related persons, other than compensation arrangements that are otherwise required to be described under “Executive Compensation.”

In conjunction with founding the Company, David B. Goodson, Geoffrey D. Osler, BD and DBG Living Trust and Richard F. Rutkowski each entered into Subscription and Contribution Agreements with us.  These agreements were dated as early as March 4, 2008 and as late as April 14, 2008.  Pursuant to the Subscription and Contribution Agreements, (i) Mr. Goodson transferred to us the sum of $5,200 and assigned to us certain business plans and intellectual property in exchange for 208,000 shares of our common stock, (ii) Mr. Rutkowski cancelled a loan made to us in the sum of $2,400 and assigned to us certain business plans and intellectual property in exchange for 96,000 shares of our common stock, (iii) Mr. Osler transferred to us the sum of $9,500 and assigned to us certain business plans and intellectual property in exchange for 380,000 shares of our common stock, and (iv) the BD and DBG Living Trust transferred to us the sum of $20,800 in exchange for 832,000 shares of our common stock.  In his capacity as the prior trustee of The Rutkowski Family Trust I and The Rutkowski Family Trust II, Mr. Osler also transferred to us $4,800 on behalf of each trust in exchange for 192,000 shares of our common stock being issued to each trust.  The trusts were created by Mr. Rutkowski for the benefit of his children.

Thomas S. Hartwick, David B. Goodson, Richard F. Rutkowski, Geoffrey D. Osler and Christopher A. Wiklof, as joint inventors, executed an assignment dated September 21, 2010 which assigned to the Company the application for United States letters patent titled “System and Apparatus for Applying an Electric Field to a Combustion Volume” and the invention covered that application.
 
UNDERWRITING

We are offering the shares of common stock described in this prospectus through a single underwriter.  MDB Capital Group LLC is acting as sole book-running manager of the offering.  We have agreed to enter into an underwriting agreement with the underwriter prior to the closing of this offering.  Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we will agree to sell to the underwriter, and the underwriter will agree to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, shares of common stock.

MDB Capital Group LLC owns 231,365 shares of common stock and a warrant agreement to purchase 59,454 shares of common stock.  Christopher A. Marlett is CEO and Robert M. Levande is Senior Managing Director of MDB Capital Group LLC.  Additionally, Mr. Marlett is a CEO/director and Mr. Levande is a Secretary/director of Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc. which owns 363,636 shares of common stock.  Collectively, this constitutes 15.7% of our common stock outstanding prior to the issuance of shares in the offering.
 
The underwriter is committed to purchase all the common shares offered by us, other than those covered by the option to purchase additional shares described below, if they purchase any shares.

A copy of the underwriting agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 
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We have been advised by the underwriter that the underwriter proposes to offer shares of our common stock directly to the public at the public offering prices set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers that are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).  Any securities sold by the underwriter to such securities dealers will be sold at the public offering prices less a selling concession not in excess of $_________ per share.  Any such dealers may resell shares to certain other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to $___________ per share from the public offering price.  After the public offering of the shares, the offering price and other selling terms may be changed by the underwriter.

The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriter’s obligations to purchase shares of our common stock are subject to conditions contained in the underwriting agreement.

None of our securities included in this offering may be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus and any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sales of any of our common stock be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction.  Persons who receive this prospectus are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering of our common stock and the distribution of this prospectus.  This prospectus is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of any offer to buy any of our common stock included in this offering in any jurisdiction where that would not be permitted or legal.

The underwriter has advised us that it does not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

Underwriting Discount and Expenses
 
The following table summarizes the underwriting discount and commission to be paid to the underwriter by us.
 
   
Without
Over-Allotment
   
With
Over-Allotment
 
Public offering price
  $       $    
Underwriting discount to be paid to the underwriter by us for the common stock
               
Non-accountable expense allowance
               
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
               

We estimate the expenses payable by us for this offering to be $________, including the underwriting discount, or $________ if the underwriter’s over-allotment option is exercised in full.

Over-allotment Option
 
We have granted to the underwriter an option, exercisable not later than 45 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional ____________ shares of our common stock (up to 15% of the shares firmly committed in this offering) at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.  The underwriter may exercise the option solely to cover over-allotments, if any, made in connection with this offering.  If any additional shares of our common stock are purchased pursuant to the over-allotment option, the underwriter will offer these additional shares of our common stock on the same terms as those on which the other shares of common stock are being offered hereby.

Determination of Offering Price

There is no current market for our common stock.  Our underwriter, MDB Capital Group LLC, is not obligated to make a market in our securities, and even if it chooses to make a market, can discontinue at any time without notice.  Neither we nor the underwriter can provide any assurance that an active and liquid trading market in our securities will develop or, if developed, that the market will continue.
 
 
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The public offering price of the shares offered by this prospectus has been determined by negotiation between us and the underwriter.  Among the factors considered in determining the public offering price of the shares were:
 
 
our history and our prospects;
 
 
the industry in which we operate;
 
 
our past and present operating results;
 
 
the previous experience of our executive officers; and
 
 
the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering.
 
The offering price stated on the cover page of this prospectus should not be considered an indication of the actual value of the shares.  That price is subject to change as a result of market conditions and other factors, and we cannot assure you that the shares can be resold at or above the public offering price.

Underwriter Warrant
 
We have agreed to issue to MDB Capital Group LLC a warrant to purchase shares of our common stock (up to 10% of the shares of common stock sold in this offering).  This warrant is exercisable at $______ per share (100% of the price of the common stock sold in this offering), commencing on the closing date of this offering and expiring five years from the closing date of this offering.  The warrant and the shares of common stock underlying the warrant have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(g)(1) of FINRA.  MDB Capital Group LLC (or permitted assignees under the Rule) will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate this warrant or the securities underlying this warrant, nor will it engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of this warrant or the underlying securities for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus.

This warrant will be valued based on the underlying shares of common stock obtainable and valuation factors appropriate at the time it is issued.  We currently estimate that value to be approximately $______, based on the number of shares of common stock subject to this warrant, an offering price of the shares of $________, the exercise price of the warrant, the five year term of the warrant, a risk-free interest rate of ____% currently commensurate with that term, an expected dividend yield of ___% and estimated volatility of _____%, based on a review of our historical volatility.  The initial value of this warrant will be charged to additional paid-in capital as part of this offering costs incurred.

Lock-Up Agreements

All of our officers, directors and shareholders beneficially owning 5% or more of our common stock have agreed that, for a period of 180 days from the date of the closing of the offering under this prospectus, they will not sell, contract to sell, grant any option for the sale or otherwise dispose of any of our equity securities, or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our equity securities, without the consent of the representative except for exercise or conversion of currently outstanding warrants, options and convertible debentures, as applicable; and exercise of options under an acceptable stock incentive plan.  The underwriter may consent to an early release from the lock-up period if, in its opinion, the market for the common stock would not be adversely impacted by sales and in cases of a financial emergency of an officer, director or other shareholder.  We are unaware of any officer, director or shareholder who intends to ask for consent to dispose of any of our equity securities during the relevant lock-up periods.
 
 
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Indemnification

We will agree to indemnify the underwriter against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments that the underwriter may be required to make for these liabilities.

Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

The underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions, and penalty bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the common stock, in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.

 
Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriter of shares in excess of the number of shares the underwriter is obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position.  The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position.  In a covered short position, the number of shares over-allotted by an underwriter is not greater than the number of shares that it may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option.  The underwriter may close out any short position by either exercising its over-allotment option and/or purchasing shares in the open market.
 
 
Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.
 
 
Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.  In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which it may purchase shares through the over-allotment option.  If an underwriter sells more shares than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market.  A naked short position is more likely to be created if an underwriter is concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.
 
 
Penalty bids permit an underwriter to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the shares originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.
 
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock.  As a result, the price of the common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.  These transactions may be effected on the NASDAQ Capital Market and/or OTC Bulletin Board, in the case of the common stock or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

Neither we nor the underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the common stock.  In addition, neither we nor the underwriter make any representation that the underwriter will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

Passive Market Making

In connection with the offering, the underwriter may engage in passive market making transactions in the common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act during the period before the commencement of offers or sales of common stock and extending through the completion of distribution.  A passive market maker must display its bids at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid of the security.  However, if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, that bid must be lowered when specified purchase limits are exceeded.
 
 
62

 
 
Electronic Distribution

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the Internet sites or through other online services maintained by the underwriter, or by its affiliates.  In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and, depending upon the underwriter, prospective investors may be allowed to place orders online.  The underwriter may agree with us to allocate a specific number of shares for sale to online brokerage account holders.  Any such allocation for online distributions will be made by the underwriter on the same basis as other allocations.

Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the underwriter is not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriter in its capacity as underwriter and should not be relied upon by investors.
 
The underwriter’s compensation in connection with this offering is limited to the fees and expenses described above under “Underwriting discount and expenses.”
 
USE OF PROCEEDS

Based on an assumed offering price of $______ per share, we estimate the gross proceeds from the sale of __________ shares of common stock, prior to deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $__.0 million (approximately $______ million if the over-allotment option granted to the underwriter is exercised in full).
 
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of $________ million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and our underwriter’s expense allowance and estimated expenses of approximately $_______ million, which includes legal, accounting, printing costs and various fees associated with the registration and listing of our shares.  If the underwriter exercises its right to purchase an additional ________ shares of common stock to cover over-allotments, we will receive an additional $_____ million, after deducting $____ million for underwriting discounts and commissions.
 
We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for working capital, research and development, marketing, and general corporate purposes.

The amounts that will actually be spent by us for any specific purpose may vary significantly, and will depend on a number of factors including but not limited to the pace of progress of our commercialization and development efforts, actual needs with respect to product testing, development and research, market conditions, and changes in or revisions to our marketing strategies.  In addition, we may use a portion of any net proceeds to acquire complementary products, technologies or businesses; however, we do not have any commitments for any acquisitions of this nature at this time.  We will have significant discretion in the use of any net proceeds.  Investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds of any sale of our common stock.

 Pending its use, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering in direct and guaranteed obligations of the United States, interest-bearing, investment-grade instruments or certificates of deposit.

 
63

 

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our actual cash and cash equivalents and capitalization, each as of June 30, 2011:

 
on an actual basis; and
 
 
on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to the issuance of the common stock offered hereby and the use of proceeds, as described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.”
 
You should consider this table in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements included in this prospectus.
 
   
As of June 30, 2011
 
   
(in thousands,
except per share data)
 
   
Actual
   
As Adjusted (1)
 
   
(unaudited)
       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 2,395,913     $    
                 
Total debt
  $ -     $    
                 
Shareholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share: 50,000,000 shares of common stock authorized; 3,976,214 issued as of June 30, 2011
    399          
Additional paid in capital
    5,049,714          
Accumulated deficit
    (3,112,365 )        
Total stockholders’ equity
  $ 1,937,748     $    
                 
Total capitalization
  $ 1,937,748     $    
 

(1) 
Assumes that $___ million of our common stock is sold in this offering at $____ per share and that the net proceeds thereof are approximately $____ million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and our estimated expenses.  If the underwriter’s over-allotment option is exercised in full, net proceeds will increase to $_____ million.

DILUTION

Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2011 was approximately $1.9 million, or $0.49 per share of our common stock.  Our net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding on June 30, 2011.  Assuming that we issue all of the shares of our common stock offered by us at the public offering price of $______ per share, and after deducting the commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2011 would have been approximately $____ million, or $______ per share of our common stock.  This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $_____ per share to our existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $______ per share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering.
 
 
64

 
 
We determine dilution by subtracting the adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering from the public offering price per share of our common stock.  The following table illustrates the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors:
 
Public offering price per share
        $    
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2011
  $ 0.49          
Increase per share attributable to new investors
  $            
Adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering
          $    
Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors
          $    

The following shares were not included in the above calculation:

 
173,091 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under various outstanding warrant agreements, at a weighted average exercise price of $2.57 per share; and

 
500,000 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan;

Unless otherwise specifically stated, information throughout this prospectus assumes that none of our outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock are exercised.

LEGAL MATTERS

Richardson & Patel LLP, with an office at 750 Third Avenue, 9 th Floor, New York, New York 10017, will pass upon the validity of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus.  As of September 30, 2011, Richardson & Patel LLP and its principals or entities controlled by its principals own 154,946 shares of our common stock, a portion of which it accepted as payment for certain legal services rendered to us.  Although Richardson & Patel LLP is not under any obligation to accept shares of our common stock in payment for services, it may do so in the future.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of ClearSign Combustion Corporation at December 31, 2009 and 2010, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2010, included in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been audited by Gumbiner Savett Inc., independent registered public accounting firm (which contain an explanatory paragraph related to our ability to continue as a going concern as described in Note 2 to our financial statements) as set forth in their report.  We have included these financial statements in the prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of Gumbiner Savett Inc., given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.  Our SEC filings are and will become available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov and on the investor relations page of our website at www.clearsigncombustion.com . Information on our web site is not part of this prospectus. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public reference facilities at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.  You can also obtain copies of the documents upon the payment of a duplicating fee to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities.

This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. Some items are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. You should review the information and exhibits included in the registration statement for further information about us and the securities we are offering. Statements in this prospectus concerning any document we filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified by reference to these filings. You should review the complete document to evaluate these statements.

 
65

 

DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 
66

 

Clearsign Combustion Corporation
Index to Financial Statements
 
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
Page
No.
ANNUAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the years ended 2010 and 2009 and from
Inception (January 23, 2008) to December 31, 2010
F-1
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2010 and 2009
F-2
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 and from Inception (January 23, 2008) to December 31, 2010
F-3
Statement of Changes of Stockholders’ Deficit from Inception (January 23, 2008) to December 31, 2010
F-4
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 and from Inception (January 23, 2008) to December 31, 2010
F-5
Notes to Financial Statements
F-6
   
INTERIM FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
   
Balance Sheets at June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2010
F-11
Statements of Operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 and from Inception (January 23, 2008) to June 30, 2011 (Unaudited)
F-12
Statement of Changes of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) from Inception (January 23, 2008) to June 30, 2011 (Unaudited)
F-13
Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 and from Inception (January 23, 2008) to June 30, 2011 (Unaudited)
F-14
Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements
F-15

 
 

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
of ClearSign Combustion Corporation

We have audited the balance sheets of ClearSign Combustion Corporation (a development stage company) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and for the period from inception (January 23, 2008) through December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting.  Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ClearSign Combustion Corporation as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and for the period from inception (January 23, 2008) through December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  As more fully discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company may not have sufficient working capital or outside financing available to meet its planned operating activities over the next twelve months.  These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  Management’s plans regarding these matters are described in Note 2.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

GUMBINER SAVETT INC.

April 6, 2011
Santa Monica, California
 
 
F-1

 
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Balance Sheets
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
             
ASSETS
             
Current Assets:
           
Cash
  $ 25     $ 49  
Prepaid Expenses
    43,355       -  
                 
Total Current Assets
    43,380       49  
                 
Fixed Assets, net of Accumulated Depreciation of $30,369 and $11,335 at
               
December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively
    57,142       56,675  
                 
Total Assets
  $ 100,522     $ 56,724  
                 
                 
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
                 
Current Liabilities:
               
Accounts Payable
  $ 147,022     $ 142,321  
Accrued Salaries
    270,306       103,734  
                 
Total  Current Liabilities
    417,328       246,055  
                 
Stockholders' Deficit:
               
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value, zero shares issued and outstanding at
               
December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively
    -       -  
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,356,732 and 1,268,093 shares issued and
         
outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively
    136       127  
Common Stock Class B, $0.0001 par value, zero and 860,000 shares issued and
         
outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively
    86       86  
Common Stock to be Issued
    199,346       130,672  
Additional Paid-In Capital
    997,569       798,140  
Deficit Accumulated in the Development Stage
    (1,513,943 )     (1,118,356 )
                 
Total Stockholders' Deficit
    (316,806 )     (189,331 )
                 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit
  $ 100,522     $ 56,724  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
F-2

 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
 (a Development Stage Company)
 
Statements of Operations
 
   
For the Years Ended December 31,
   
Period from
Inception
(January 23, 2008)
to
December 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
   
2010
 
                   
Operating Expenses:
                 
Research and Development
  $ -     $ 2,436     $ 60,881  
General and Administrative
    395,338       526,336       1,453,283  
                         
Total Operating Expenses
    395,338       528,772       1,514,164  
                         
Loss from Operations
    (395,338 )     (528,772 )     1,514,164  
                         
Other Income (Expense):
                       
Interest Income
    -       -       470  
Other Expense
    (249 )     -       (249 )
                         
Total Other Income (Expense)
    (249 )     -       221  
                         
Net Loss
  $ (395,587 )   $ (528,772 )   $ (1,513,943 )
                         
Net Loss per Share - Basic and Fully Diluted
  $ (0.18 )   $ (0.25 )   $ (0.77 )
                         
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding - Basic and Fully Diluted
    2,235,426       2,104,325       1,955,312  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
         
 
 
F-3

 
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit
From Inception (January 23, 2008) to December 31, 2010
 
   
Common Stock
Issuable
   
Common Stock
   
Common Stock
Class B
    Additional Paid    
Deficit
Accumulated
in the
Development
   
Total  
Stockholders'
Equity/
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
-In Capital
    Stage    
(Deficit)
 
                                                       
Shares issued to founders, at no cost
    -     $ -       852,000     $ 85       476,000     $ 48     $ 33,067     $ -     $ 33,200  
Shares issued for services ($0.025 per share)
    -       -       100,000       10       -       -       2,490       -       2,500  
Shares issued for cash ($2.25 per share)
    -       -       177,332       18       -       -       398,979       -       398,997  
Shares issued for cash ($0.025 per share)
    -       -       -       -       384,000       38       9,562       -       9,600  
Offering costs
    -       -       -       -       -       -       (5,958 )     -       (5,958 )
Common stock issuable for services
    33,613       75,630       -       -       -       -       -       -       75,630  
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (589,584 )     (589,584 )
                                                                         
Balances at December 31, 2008
    33,613       75,630       1,129,332       113       860,000       86       438,140       (589,584 )     (75,615 )
                                                                         
Shares issued for cash ($2.25 per share)
    -       -       138,761       14       -       -       312,198       -       312,212  
Share based payments
    -       -       -       -       -       -       47,802       -       47,802  
Common stock issuable for services
    24,463       55,042       -       -       -       -       -       -       55,042  
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (528,772 )     (528,772 )
                                                                         
Balances at December 31, 2009
    58,076       130,672       1,268,093       127       860,000       86       798,140       (1,118,356 )     (189,331 )
                                                                         
Shares issued for cash ($2.25 per share)
    -       -       57,752       6       -       -       129,936       -       129,942  
Shares issued for services ($2.25 per share)
    -       -       30,887       3       -       -       69,493       -       69,496  
Common stock issuable for services
    30,522       68,674       -       -       -       -       -       -       68,674  
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (395,587 )     (395,587 )
                                                                         
Balances at December 31, 2010
    88,598     $ 199,346       1,356,732     $ 136       860,000     $ 86     $ 997,569     $ (1,513,943 )   $ (316,806 )
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
F-4

 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Statement of Cash Flows
 
   
For the Year Ended December 31,
   
Period from
Inception
(January 23, 2008)
to
December 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
   
2010
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                 
Net Loss
  $ (395,587 )   $ (528,772 )   $ (1,513,943 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used
                 
in operating activities:
                       
Common stock issued for services
    49,995       -       85,695  
Share based payments
    68,674       102,844       247,148  
Depreciation
    19,034       11,335       30,369  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                 
(Increase) in:
                       
Prepaid expenses
    (43,355 )     -       (43,355 )
Increase in:
                       
Accounts payable
    4,701       42,221       147,022  
Accrued salaries
    166,572       79,359       270,306  
                         
Net cash used in operating activities
    (129,966 )     (293,013 )     (776,758 )
                         
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
Purchase of fixed assets
    -       (19,932 )     (68,010 )
                         
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for cash,
                 
net of offering costs
    129,942       312,212       844,793  
                         
Net increase (decrease) in cash
    (24 )     (733 )     25  
                         
Cash, beginning of period
    49       782       -  
                         
Cash, end of period
  $ 25     $ 49     $ 25  
 
Non-cash investing activities
During 2010, the Company issued 8,667 shares of common stock with a fair value of $19,501 in exchange for prototype equipment.
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
F-5

 
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Financial Statements

Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation (“ClearSign” or the "Company") is a Development Stage Company incorporated in the state of Washington on January 23, 2008.  The Company was formed to design, develop and market technologies that improve both the energy efficiency and emissions control characteristics of combustion systems. The Company’s technology introduces a computer-controlled electric field into the combustion region to precisely control gas-phase chemical reactions, enabling improved system performance and cost-effectiveness. ClearSign’s technology adapts to various fuel types and multiple system sizes and configurations, and can be deployed on both a retrofit and new-build basis.


Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. However, the Company is subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with a new business, has no established source of revenue, and has incurred significant losses from operations since inception. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. As discussed herein, the Company has retained an investment banker as its placement agent to raise $3,000,000 from the sale of common stock. If this fundraise is unsuccessful, the Company will need to seek an alternative financing source in order to continue operations.

Development Stage Enterprise

The Company is a development stage company as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 915 “Development Stage Entities”. The Company is devoting substantially all of its present efforts to develop and market new technologies in combustion systems, and its planned principal operations have not yet commenced. The Company has not generated any revenues from operations and has no assurance of any future revenues. All losses accumulated since January 23, 2008 have been considered as part of the Company's development stage activities.

Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  

Fixed Assets
 
Fixed assets, which include testing equipment, are recorded at cost.  Management has made certain estimates regarding the useful life of such equipment.   Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated life of four years.

 
F-6

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company tests long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost of disposal. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company determined that there was no impairment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company's financial instruments primarily consist of cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses. As of the balance sheet dates, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying values as presented on the balance sheet. This is primarily attributed to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company did not identify any other non-recurring assets and liabilities that are required to be presented in the balance sheets at fair value.

Research and Development

The cost of research and development is expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.

Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

Stock-Based Compensation

The costs of all employee stock options, as well as other equity-based compensation arrangements, are reflected in the financial statements based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award—the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). Stock compensation for stock granted to non-employees is determined at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured.

 
F-7

 

Net Loss per Common Share

Net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.  Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially outstanding shares of common stock during each period. There were 64,000 warrants outstanding at December 31, 2010 or 2009 which were potentially dilutive.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-06, “Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements (“ASU 2010-06”) . ASU 2010-06 amends ASC 820, “ Fair Value Measurements” ("ASC 820") to require a number of additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements. The amended guidance requires entities to disclose the amounts of significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the reasons for these transfers, the reasons for any transfers in or out of Level 3, and information in the reconciliation of recurring Level 3 measurements about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements on a gross basis. The ASU also clarifies the requirement for entities to disclose information about both the valuation techniques and inputs used in estimating Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amended guidance was effective for financial periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except the requirement to disclose Level 3 transactions on a gross basis, which becomes effective for financial periods beginning after December 15, 2010. ASU 2010-06 did not have a significant effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective standards, if adopted, will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Note 3 – Income Taxes

Through December 31, 2010, the Company incurred net operating losses for tax purposes of approximately $1,500,000. The net operating loss carry forward for federal purposes may be used to reduce taxable income through the year 2030. The availability of the Company's net operating loss carry forward is subject to limitation if there is a 50% or more positive change in the ownership of the Company's stock.

The gross deferred tax asset balance as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 is approximately $500,000 and $380,000, respectively.  A 100% valuation allowance has been established against the deferred tax assets, as the utilization of the loss carry forward cannot reasonably be assured.   Components of the deferred tax assets are limited to the Company’s net operating loss carry forwards, and are presented as follows at December 31:
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Net operating loss carryforwards
  $ 500,000     $ 380,000  
Valuation allowance
    (500,000 )     (380,000 )
                 
Net deferred tax asset
  $ -     $ -  

 
The Company is subject to taxation in the United States. The tax years for 2008 and forward are subject to examination by tax authorities.  The Company is not currently under examination by any tax authority.  The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, there was no accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
 
 
F-8

 

Note 4 – Stockholders’ Deficit
 
Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 12,000,000 shares of Common Stock, of which 8,000,000 shares are designated as “Common Stock”, and 4,000,000 shares are designated as “Class B Common Stock”. As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 the Company had 1,356,732 and 1,268,093 shares outstanding of Common Stock, respectively and 860,000 shares outstanding of Class B Common Stock for both periods. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had 88,598 and 58,076 shares of common stock issuable for services, valued at $199,349 and $130,672, respectively.  These shares were issued in February and April 2011.

During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company:
 
 
·
Issued 57,752 shares of common stock for cash at $2.25 per share, for proceeds of $129,942;
 
·
Issued 30,887 shares of common stock for services at a fair value of $69,496 ($2.25 per share).

During the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company issued 138,761 shares of common stock for cash at $2.25 per share, for proceeds of $312,212.

For the period from inception (January 23, 2008) through December 31, 2008, the Company:
 
 
·
Issued 852,000 shares of common stock and 476,000 shares of Class B common stock to founders,  at no cost, valued at $33,200 ($0.025 per share);
 
·
Issued 100,000 shares of common stock for services at a fair value of $2,500 ($0.025 per share);
 
·
Issued 177,332 shares of common stock for cash at $2.25 per share, for proceeds of $398,997;
 
· 
Issued 384,000 shares of Class B common stock for cash at $0.025 per share, for proceeds of $9,600.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. Preferences, limitations, voting powers and relative rights of any Preferred Stock to be issued may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company has not issued any shares of Preferred Stock.

Warrants

During the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company granted a total of 64,000 warrants to purchase common stock of the Company to certain technical advisors. The warrants, which will be issued in 2011, are exercisable at $2.25 per share, vest immediately, and expire in 2021. The weighted average grant-date fair value of these warrants was $47,802.   The fair value of these warrants was estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
 
 
·  
risk free rate of return of 2.01%;
 
·  
volatility of 34%
 
·  
dividend yield of 0%; and
 
·  
expected term of 5 years.

At both December 31, 2010 and 2009, 64,000 warrants were issuable with a weighted average exercise price of $2.25 per share, and remaining contractual terms of approximately 10 years and 11 years, respectively.
 
 
F-9

 
 
Note 5 – Commitments
 
Operating Lease
 
In June 2008 the Company entered into two separate lease agreements for office space. The lease agreements have expired and the Company is currently occupying the space on a month-to-month basis.

For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, rent expense under these operating leases amounted to $47,453 and $37,844, respectively, and was paid through the issuance of common stock in February 2011.


Note 6 – Subsequent Events

The Company has retained MDB Capital Group LLC as its placement agent for an equity offering with the intent of raising up to $3,000,000 from the sale of common stock. The Company has placed an expected price of $2.75 per share related to this offering.

In January 2011, the Company amended the Articles of Incorporation by (a) eliminating the Class B common stock designation, (b) converting existing Class B common stock into common stock, and (c) increasing the authorized number of shares of common stock from 12,000,000 to 50,000,000.



 
F-10

 

ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Balance Sheets
 
             
             
             
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
ASSETS
 
             
Current Assets:
           
Cash
  $ 2,395,913     $ 25  
Prepaid Expenses
    82,905       43,355  
Total Current Assets
    2,478,818       43,380  
                 
Fixed Assets, net of Accumulated Depreciation of $41,687 and $30,369 at
               
June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively
    74,229       57,142  
                 
Total Assets
  $ 2,553,047     $ 100,522  
                 
                 
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY/(DEFICIT)
                 
Current Liabilities:
               
Accounts Payable
  $ 328,889     $ 147,022  
Accrued Salaries
    286,410       270,306  
                 
Total  Current Liabilities
    615,299       417,328  
                 
Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit):
               
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value, zero shares issued and outstanding at
               
June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively
    -       -  
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 3,976,214 and 1,356,732 shares issued and
               
outstanding at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively
    399       136  
Common Stock Class B, $0.0001 par value, zero and 860,000 shares issued and
               
outstanding at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively
    -       86  
Common Stock to be Issued
    -       199,346  
Additional Paid-In Capital
    5,049,714       997,569  
Deficit Accumulated in the Development Stage
    (3,112,365 )     (1,513,943 )
                 
Total Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit)
    1,937,748       (316,806 )
                 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit)
  $ 2,553,047     $ 100,522  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
F-11

 

ClearSign Combustion Corporation
 (a Development Stage Company)
 
Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
 
   
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
   
Period from
Inception
(January 23, 2008)
to
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
June 30, 2011
 
                   
Operating Expenses:
                 
Research and Development
  $ 120,138     $ -     $ 181,019  
General and Administrative
    1,479,329       210,791       2,932,612  
                         
Total Operating Expenses
    1,599,467       210,791       3,113,631  
                         
Loss from Operations
    (1,599,467 )     (210,791 )     3,113,631  
                         
Other Income (Expense):
                       
Interest Income
    1,045       -       1,515  
Other Expense
    -       -       (249 )
                         
Total Other Income (Expense)
    1,045       -       1,266  
                         
Net Loss
  $ (1,598,422 )   $ (210,791 )   $ (3,112,365 )
                         
Net Loss per Share - Basic and Fully Diluted
  $ (0.52 )   $ (0.10 )   $ (1.47 )
                         
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding - Basic and Fully Diluted
    3,052,036       2,205,067       2,113,487  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
F-12

 

ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit)
(Unaudited)
From Inception (January 23, 2008) to June 30, 2011
 
   
Common Stock
Issuable
   
Common Stock
   
Common Stock
Class B
   
Additional Paid
   
Deficit
Accumulated
in the
Development
   
Total
Stockholders'
Equity/
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
-In Capital
    Stage     (Deficit)  
                                                       
Shares issued to founders, at no cost
    -     $ -       852,000     $ 85       476,000     $ 48     $ 33,067     $ -     $ 33,200  
Shares issued for services ($0.025 per share)
    -       -       100,000       10       -       -       2,490       -       2,500  
Shares issued for cash ($0.025 per share)
    -       -       -       -       384,000       38       9,562       -       9,600  
Shares issued for cash ($2.25 per share)
    -       -       373,845       38       -       -       841,113       -       841,151  
Issuance costs
    -       -       -       -       -       -       (5,958 )     -       (5,958 )
Shares issued for services ($2.25 per share)
    -       -       30,887       3       -       -       69,493       -       69,496  
Share based payments
    -       -       -       -       -       -       47,802       -       47,802  
Common stock issuable for services
    88,598       199,346       -       -       -       -       -       -       199,346  
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (1,513,943 )     (1,513,943 )
                                                                         
Balances at December 31, 2010
    88,598       199,346       1,356,732       136       860,000       86       997,569       (1,513,943 )     (316,806 )
                                                                         
Conversion of shares
    -       -       860,000       86       (860,000 )     (86 )     -       -       -  
Shares issued for services ($2.25 per share)
    (83,936 )     (188,856 )     86,427       9       -       -       194,452       -       5,605  
Canceled common shares issuable previously
                                                                       
for services ($2.25 per share)
    (4,662 )     (10,490 )     -       -       -       -       -       -       (10,490 )
Shares issued for services ($2.75 per share)
    -       -       582,372       58       -       -       1,601,465       -       1,601,523  
Shares issued for cash ($2.75 per share)
    -       -       1,090,683       110       -       -       2,999,264       -       2,999,374  
Issuance costs
    -       -       -       -       -       -       (807,210 )     -       (807,210 )
Share based payments of warrants
    -       -       -       -       -       -       64,174       -       64,174  
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (1,598,422 )     (1,598,422 )
                                                                         
Balances at June 30, 2011
    -     $ -       3,976,214     $ 399       -     $ -     $ 5,049,714     $ (3,112,365 )   $ 1,937,748  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
F-13

 

ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Statement of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
 
   
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
   
Period from
Inception
(January 23, 2008)
to
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
June 30, 2011
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                 
Net Loss
  $ (1,598,422 )   $ (210,791 )   $ (3,112,365 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by
                       
(used in) operating activities:
                       
Common stock issued for services
    1,007,526       -       1,093,221  
Share based payments
    -       34,336       247,148  
Depreciation
    11,318       9,517       41,687  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
(Increase) in:
                       
Prepaid expenses
    (30,438 )     -       (73,793 )
Increase in:
                       
Accounts payable
    181,867       1,582       328,889  
Accrued salaries
    16,104       132,822       286,410  
                         
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    (412,045 )     (32,534 )     (1,188,803 )
                         
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
Purchase of fixed assets
    (28,405 )     -       (96,415 )
                         
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for cash,
                       
net of offering costs
    2,836,338       32,485       3,681,131  
                         
Net increase (decrease) in cash
    2,395,888       (49 )     2,395,913  
                         
Cash, beginning of period
    25       49       -  
                         
Cash, end of period
  $ 2,395,913     $ -     $ 2,395,913  
 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash operating, investing, and financing activities:
 
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company issued common stock valued at $580,000 and warrants valued at $64,174 for issuance costs related to a common stock offering.  Additionally, the Company issued common stock valued at $9,112 as prepaid rent expense.
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2010, the Company issued common stock valued at $19,501 in  exchange for prototype equipment.
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
F-14

 

ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements


Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation (“ClearSign” or the "Company") is a Development Stage Company located in Seattle, Washington and incorporated in the state of Washington on January 23, 2008.  The Company was formed to design, develop and market technologies that improve both the energy efficiency and emissions control characteristics of combustion systems. The Company’s technology introduces a computer-controlled electric field into the combustion region to precisely control gas-phase chemical reactions, enabling improved system performance and cost-effectiveness. ClearSign’s technology adapts to various fuel types and multiple system sizes and configurations, and can be deployed on both a retrofit and new-build basis.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Going Concern
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements of ClearSign have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.
 
In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all normal recurring and other adjustments necessary for a fair presentation. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year or any other future periods.
 
Because of our historic net losses and negative working capital position, our independent auditors in their report on our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010 expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. However, the Company is subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with a new business, has no established source of revenue, and has incurred significant losses from operations since inception.  The Company’s operations are dependent upon it raising additional capital.  These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that could result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
Development Stage Enterprise
 
The Company is a development stage company as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 915 “Development Stage Entities.” The Company is devoting substantially all of its present efforts to develop and market new technologies in combustion systems, and its planned principal operations have not yet commenced. The Company has not generated any revenues from operations and has no assurance of any future revenues. All losses accumulated since January 23, 2008 have been considered as part of the Company's development stage activities.

Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  
 
 
F-15

 
 
Fixed Assets
 
Fixed assets, which include testing equipment, are recorded at cost.  Management has made certain estimates regarding the useful life of such equipment. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated life of three to four years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
The Company tests long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost of disposal. As of June 30, 2011 and 2010, the Company determined that there was no impairment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company's financial instruments primarily consist of cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses. As of the balance sheet dates, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying values as presented on the balance sheet. This is primarily attributed to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company did not identify any other non-recurring assets and liabilities that are required to be presented in the balance sheets at fair value.

Research and Development
 
The cost of research and development is expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes
 
The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.

Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

Stock-Based Compensation
 
The costs of all employee stock options, as well as other equity-based compensation arrangements, are reflected in the financial statements based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock compensation for stock granted to non-employees is determined as the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured.

Stock Issuance Costs
 
Stock issuance costs are recorded as a reduction of the related proceeds through a charge to stockholders’ equity.
 
 
F-16

 

Common Stock
 
The Company records common stock issuances when all of the legal requirements for the issuance of such common stock have been satisfied.

Net Loss per Common Share
 
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include additional common shares available upon exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method, except for periods for which no common share equivalents are included because their effect would be anti-dilutive.   Potentially dilutive shares outstanding at June 30, 2011 and 2010 amounted to 173,091 and 64,000 warrants, respectively.

The computation of basic and diluted loss per share for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and for the period from inception (January 23, 2008) to June 30, 2011, is equivalent since the Company reported a net loss and the effect of any common stock equivalents would be anti-dilutive.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective standards, if adopted, will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Note 3 – Income Taxes

Through June 30, 2011, the Company incurred net operating losses for tax purposes of approximately $3,100,000. The net operating loss carry forward for federal purposes may be used to reduce taxable income through the year 2031. The availability of the Company's net operating loss carry forward is subject to limitation if there is a 50% or more positive change in the ownership of the Company's stock.

The gross deferred tax asset at June 30, 2011 and 2010 is approximately $1,050,000 and $450,000, respectively.  A 100% valuation allowance has been established against the deferred tax assets as the utilization of the loss carry forward cannot reasonably be assured.   Components of the deferred tax assets are limited to the Company’s net operating loss carry forwards, and are presented as follows at June 30:
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Net operating loss carryforwards
  $ 1,050,000     $ 450,000  
Valuation allowance
    (1,050,000 )     (450,000 )
                 
Net deferred tax asset
  $ -     $ -  
 
The Company is subject to taxation in the United States. The tax years for 2008 and forward are subject to examination by tax authorities. The Company is not currently under examination by any tax authority.  The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2011 and 2010, there was no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.


Note 4 – Stockholders’ Equity/(Deficit)
 
Common Stock
 
In February 2011, the Company amended its articles of incorporation.  Previously, the Company was authorized to issue 8,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 4,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. By amendment, authorized Common Stock was increased to 50,000,000 shares and Class B Common Stock was eliminated.  Prior to the amendment, the holders of the Class B Common Stock voluntarily converted the 860,000 outstanding shares to 860,000 Common Stock shares.
 
 
F-17

 
 
From March to May 2011, the Company completed the sale of 1,090,683 shares of Common Stock at $2.75 per share to raise $2,999,374.  In conjunction with this sale, the placement agent, MDB Capital Group LLC (MDB), earned a fee of $300,000 which they elected to receive in the form of 109,091 Common Stock shares valued at $2.75 per share.  MDB also earned warrants to purchase 109,091 Common Stock shares at $2.75 per share with a weighted average grant-date fair value of these warrants of approximately $64,174.   The Company’s legal counsel and others were also paid with 101,818 Common Stock shares at $2.75 per share.  The Company incurred a total $807,210 of issuance costs which is recorded against Additional Paid-In Capital at June 30, 2011, of which $644,173 was paid with Common Stock.  In addition, MDB provided consulting services to the Company in 2011 where it earned a fee of $1,000,000 which they elected to receive in the form of 363,636 Common Stock shares valued at $2.75 per share.  This fee is included in General and Administrative Expense.

Preferred Stock
 
The Company is authorized to issue 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. Preferences, limitations, voting powers and relative rights of any Preferred Stock to be issued may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company has not issued any shares of Preferred Stock.

Warrants
 
In conjunction with the issuance of Common Stock from March 2011 to May 2011, MDB earned warrants to purchase 109,091 Common Stock shares at $2.75 per share.  These warrants are exercisable through May 2016 and contain weighted average, price-based anti-dilution provisions, demand and piggyback registration rights, and cashless exercise provisions.  The Company has set aside a reserve of 109,091 shares for the issuance of these warrants.  The weighted average grant-date fair value of these warrants approximates $64,174.   The fair value of these warrants was estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with weighted-average assumptions of 0.81% risk free rate of return, 33% volatility, 0% dividend yield, and an expected term of 2.5 years.  The rate of volatility was determined through the average of a peer group of public companies.

In 2009, the Company granted warrants to purchase a total of 64,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company to certain technical advisors. The warrants, which were issued in 2011, are exercisable at $2.25 per share, vest immediately, and expire in 2021. The weighted average grant-date fair value of these warrants was $47,802.   The fair value of these warrants was estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with weighted-average assumptions of 2.01% risk free rate of return, 34% volatility, 0% dividend yield, and an expected term of 5 years. The rate of volatility was determined through the average of a peer group of public companies.


Note 5 - Equity Incentive Plan
 
The Company has adopted an Equity Incentive Plan providing for the granting of options to purchase shares of common stock, stock awards to purchase shares at no less than 85% of the value of the shares, and stock bonuses to officers, employees, board members, consultants, and advisors.  The Company has reserved 500,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the plan.  The plan provides for periodic increases in the number of authorized shares available for issuance under the plan on the first day of each of the Company’s fiscal quarters beginning October 1, 2011.  The quarterly increases are equal to the lesser of 10% of any new shares subsequently issued by the Company or such lesser amount as the Board of Directors shall determine.  A committee comprised of two or more members of the Board of Directors is authorized to administer the plan and establish the grant terms, including the grant price, vesting period and exercise date.

 
F-18

 

Note 6 – Commitments
 
The Company has two full service operating lease agreements for office and industrial space which expire in August 2011. Subsequent to June 30, 2011, the Company entered into a lease for office and lab space for the period November 2011 to February 2017.  The Company continued to lease its previous space on a month to month basis until it occupied this new space in November 2011.  Under the terms of the new lease, the Company will pay no rent for the period November 2011 to February 2012.  Rent payments will commence in March 2012 and will escalate annually by 3%.   In accordance with US GAAP, the Company will record monthly rent expense equal to the total of the payments over the lease term divided by the number of months of the lease term.  Therefore, rent expense of approximately $35,000 will be accrued during the period of November 2011 to February 2012.  Under the terms of the lease, the Company will also pay monthly operating costs which are initially $1,946 per month. Minimum future payments under these leases at June 30, 2011 are as follows:
 
2011
  $ 9,112  
2012
    96,582  
2013
    108,447  
2014
    111,699  
2015
    115,047  
2016
    117,612  
2017
    9,801  
    $ 568,300  
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, rent expense under the office and industrial space operating leases amounted to $18,016 and $23,726, respectively.

Note 7 – Subsequent Events

The Company has retained an investment bank, MDB Capital Group LLC, as its placement agent to raise funds from the sale of Common Stock.  If successful, the fee for the placement agent is expected to be 10% of the value of shares sold, all expenses associated with the offering, and warrants to purchase Common Stock shares at the issuance price equal to 10% of the shares sold.  At the agent’s election, the fee is payable in cash or common stock priced at the issuance price. The warrants would be exercisable for 5 years, and would contain weighted average, price-based anti-dilution provisions, demand and piggyback registration rights, and cashless exercise provisions.  If earned, the Company intends to set aside a reserve of the shares necessary for the issuance of these warrants.

Subsequent to June 30, 2011, the Company issued to key employees under the Equity Incentive Plan 100,000 Common Stock shares as a stock bonus valued at $2.75 per share and options to purchase 290,000 Common Stock shares at a price of $2.75 per share which expire in 2021.  These grants vest over four years.

 
F-19

 
 
PAGE66

 
67

 
 
 
[_________] Shares of Common Stock

CLEARSIGN

ClearSign Combustion Corporation
 


PROSPECTUS


 
MDB

MDB Capital Group LLC
 
Until                                      , 2011, all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 
II-1

 

[Alternate Page for Selling Security Holder Prospectus]

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The selling security holders named herein may not sell these securities until after the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is declared effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
 
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED __________, 2011
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION

CLEARSIGN

1,530,630 Shares

This prospectus relates to the offer for sale of 1,530,630 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, by certain existing holders of the securities named in this prospectus, referred to as selling security holders throughout this prospectus.

The distribution of securities offered hereby may be effected in one or more transactions that may take place in the Nasdaq Capital Market, including ordinary brokers’ transactions, privately negotiated transactions or through sales to one or more dealers for resale of such securities as principals, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. Usual and customary or specifically negotiated brokerage fees or commissions may be paid by the selling security holders. No sales of the shares covered by this prospectus shall occur until the shares of common stock sold in our initial public offering begin trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

The selling security holders and intermediaries through whom such securities are sold may be deemed “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the securities offered hereby, and any profits realized or commissions received may be deemed underwriting compensation.

On            , 2011, a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to our initial public offering underwritten by MDB Capital Group LLC, of $            of shares of common stock was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. We received approximately $       million in net proceeds from the offering after payment of underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the matters discussed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is            , 2011.

 
II-2

 
 
[Alternate Page for Selling Security Holder Prospectus]

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS


   
Page
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
   
SUMMARY SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
   
RISK FACTORS
   
BUSINESS
   
PROPERTIES
   
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
   
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
   
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
   
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK    
DIVIDEND POLICY AND OTHER SHAREHOLDER MATTERS     
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
   
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
   
USE OF PROCEEDS
   
CAPITALIZATION
   
DILUTION
   
SELLING SECURITY HOLDERS
   
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
   
LEGAL MATTERS
   
EXPERTS
   
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
   
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
   
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 

 
II-3

 
 
Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “ClearSign,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to ClearSign Combustion Corporation.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus.  We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information.  The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock.

No dealer, salesperson or any other person is authorized in connection with this offering to give any information or make any representations about us, the securities offered hereby or any matter discussed in this prospectus, other than those contained in this prospectus and, if given or made, the information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.  This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security other than the securities offered by this prospectus, or an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities by anyone in any circumstance in which the offer or solicitation is not authorized or is unlawful.

 
II-4

 

[Alternate Page for Selling Security Holder Prospectus]

SHARES REGISTERED FOR RESALE
 
As part of this prospectus, we are registering 1,530,630 shares of common stock for resale.  The shares described in the following table consist of shares of common stock that were issued in the 2011 Private Placement.  A discussion of the material terms of this offering is included in the subsection of this prospectus titled “The 2011 Private Placement” under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”   The foregoing subscription agreement included the right, by the security holder, to have the holder’s common stock registered in the event that the Company filed an initial registration statement for the sale of its securities to the public.

On November __, 2011, we filed a registration statement for an initial public offering of our common stock.  As a result, we became obligated to register the selling security holders’ shares for resale under the same registration statement.

The following table sets forth the names of the selling security holders who may sell their shares under this prospectus from time to time.  No selling security holder has, or within the past three years has had, any position, office or other material relationship with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates other than as a result of the ownership of our securities.

The following table also provides certain information with respect to the selling security holders’ ownership of our securities as of November __, 2011, the total number of securities they may sell under this prospectus from time to time, and the number of securities they will own thereafter assuming no other acquisitions or dispositions of our securities.  The selling security holders may offer all, some or none of their securities, thus we have no way of determining the number they will hold after this offering.  Therefore, we have prepared the table below on the assumption that the selling security holders will sell all shares covered by this prospectus.
 
Some of the selling security holders may distribute their shares from time to time, to their limited and/or general partners or managers, who may sell shares pursuant to this prospectus.  Each selling security holder may also transfer shares owned by him or her by gift, and upon any such transfer the donee would have the same right of sale as the selling security holder.
 
We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time to update the disclosure set forth herein, however, if a selling security holder transfers his or her interest in the common stock purchase warrants prior to the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we will be required to file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to provide the information concerning the transferee. Alternatively, if a selling security holder transfers his or her interest in the common stock purchase warrants after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we may use a supplement to update this prospectus.  See our discussion titled “Plan of Distribution” for further information regarding the selling security holders’ method of distribution of these shares.

 
II-5

 
 
Selling Security Holder Table
 
Name (A)
 
Securities
Beneficially
Owned Prior to
Offering (1) (B)
 
Securities Being
Offered (C)
 
Securities
Beneficially
Owned After
Offering (2) (D)
 
% Beneficial
Ownership After
Offering (E)
 
Aaron A. Grunfeld (3)
   
 11,000
 
 
 11,000
   
 0
   
 0
 %
Benjamin L. Padnos (4)
   
 18,182
   
18,182
   
0
   
0
%
Michael Bennett Trustee, Bennett Living Trust, U/A 3/12/1992 (5) (6)
   
 10,000
   
10,000
   
0
   
0
%
Blue Earth Fund, L.P. (7) (8)
   
37,000
   
37,000
   
0
   
0
%
Bristol Investment Fund, Ltd. (9) (10)
   
14,545
   
14,545
   
0
   
0
%
Bull Hunter LLC ( 11) (12)
   
54,545
   
54,545
   
0
   
0
%
Christopher Edward Gay (13)
   
 3,636
   
 3,636
   
0
   
0
%
Christopher and Karen Jennings (14) (38)
   
15,000
   
15,000
   
0
   
0
%
Edgar D. Park (15)
   
14,545
   
18,182
   
0
   
0
%
Del Rey Management LP (16) (17)
   
40,000
   
40,000
   
0
   
0
%
George Hugh Brandon (18)
   
16,737
   
 16,737
   
0
   
0
%
Gregory Howard Suess (19)
   
7,272
   
 7,272
   
0
   
0
%
GRQ Consultants Inc., 401K (20) (21)
   
54,546
   
54,546
   
0
   
0
%
Law Offices of Aaron A. Grunfeld Defined Benefit Pension Plan (22) (23)
   
 4,000
   
 4,000
   
0
   
0
%
Mark Strome Living Trust (24) (25)
   
20,000
   
20,000
   
0
   
0
%
Michael Joseph Cavalier, Jr. (26) (38)
   
18,181
   
18,181
   
0
   
0
%
MPP Holdings LLC (27) (28)
   
17,273
   
17,273
   
0
   
0
%
Nicholas Lewin (29)
   
36,636
   
36,636
   
0
   
0
%
Nicholas A. Foley (30)
   
72,727
   
72,727
   
0
   
0
%
NTC & CO. FBO John P. Francis PRI (31) (32)
   
18,182
   
18,182
   
0
   
0
%
Peter Hogan (33)
   
1,818
   
1,818
   
0
   
0
%
NFS/FMTC Rollover IRA FBO Robert Campbell Clifford (34) (35)
   
10,000
   
10,000
   
0
   
0
%
Thomas L. Wallace, Sr. (36)
   
36,363
   
36,363
   
0
   
0
%
Gary Alan Schuman (37) (38)
   
3,849
   
3,849
   
0
   
0
%
James Edward Clark & Ricki Clarke (39)
   
1,819
   
1,819
   
0
   
0
%
Richardson & Patel, LLP (40) (41)
   
18,181
   
18,181
   
0
   
0
%
Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc. (42) (43)
   
363,636
   
363,636
    0     0 %
William J. McCluskey (44) (38)
   
18,181
   
18,181
   
0
   
0
%
John V. Winfield (45)
   
55,000
   
55,000
   
0
   
0
%
Robert M. Levande & Andrea Brown, JTWROS (46)
   
73,585
   
73,585
   
0
   
0
%
Kevin M. Cotter (47) (38)
   
13,101
   
13,101
   
0
   
0
%
Amy En-mei Wang (48)
   
73,585
   
73,585
   
0
   
0
%
Robert Campbell Clifford (49)
   
13,101
   
13,101
   
0
   
0
%
Christopher A. Marlett and Terri Marlett (50) (51) (38)
   
73,585
   
73,585
   
0
   
0
%
MDB Capital Group LLC (52) (53)
   
290,819
   
290,819
   
0
   
0
%
Total:
   
1,530,630
   
1,530,630
   
0
   
 0
%
 

(1)
Unless otherwise indicated, the selling security holders listed in the table above acquired the securities being offered in the March to May 2011 closings of the Company’s $3.0 million 2011 Private Placement described above, in which the Company issued its common stock at $2.75 per share.  Percentages stated in the above table are based on a total of 4,118,114 shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2011.
 
(2)
Assumes that all of the shares offered hereby are sold and that shares owned before the offering but not offered hereby are not sold.
   
(3)
Includes 11,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(4)
 
Includes 18,182 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(5)
Includes 10,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(6)
 
The address of this security holder is 2036 Grand Ave. Ojai, CA 93023. Michael Bennett, as Trustee of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(7)
 
Includes 37,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(8)
 
The address of this security holder is 1312 Cedar St. Santa Monica, CA 90405. Brett Conrad, as Managing Member and General Partner of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(9)
 
Includes 14,545 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(10)
 
The address of this security holder is c/o Bristol Capital Advisors, LLC, Attn: Amy Wang, Esq., 6353 W. Sunset Blvd., Suite 4006, Hollywood, CA 90028. Bristol Capital Advisors, LLC (“BCA”) is the investment advisor to Bristol Investment Funds, Ltd. Paul Kessler, as Manager and Director of BCA, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(11)
 
Includes 54,545 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(12)
 
The address of this security holder is 420 Lincoln Road #320, Miami Beach, FL 33139. Mark Groussman, as Managing Member of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(13)
 
Includes 3,636 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
 
II-6

 
 
(14)
Includes 15,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(15)
 
Includes 14,545 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(16)
 
Includes 40,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(17)
 
The address of this security holder is 877 W. Main Street #600, Boise, ID 83702. Gregory Bied, as Managing Partner of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(18)
 
Includes 10,796 shares of common stock, 3,636 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, and 2,305 shares of common stock underlying a warrant all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
   
(19)
 
 
Includes 7,272 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(20)
 
Includes 54,546 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(21)
The address of this security holder is 440 Biscayne Blvd. #850, Miami, FL 33137. Barry Honig, as Trustee of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(22)
Includes 4,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(23)
 
The address of this security holder is 10900 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 500, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Aaron A. Grunfeld, as Trustee of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(24)
 
Includes 20,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(25)
 
The address of this security holder is 100 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1750, Santa Monica, CA 90401. Mark Strome, as Trustee of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(26)
Includes 18,181 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(27)
 
Includes 17,273 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(28)
 
The address of this security holder is 11355 W. Olympic Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90064.
 
(29)
 
Includes 36,636 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(30)
 
Includes 72,727 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(31)
 
Includes 18,182 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(32)
 
The address of this security holder is 1453 3 rd Street, Suite 470, Santa Monica, CA 90401. John Francis, as Account Owner of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(33)
 
Includes 1,818 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
 
 
II-7

 
 
(34)
Includes 10,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(35)
 
The address of this security holder is 1057 Corsica Drive, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272. Robert Campbell Clifford, as Account Owner of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(36)
 
Includes 36,363 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(37)
 
 
 
Includes 3,600 shares of common stock and 249 shares of common stock underlying a warrant, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
(38)
This security holder is an affiliate of a broker-dealer.  The broker-dealer affiliate has represented to the Company that such person (a) acquired the securities in the ordinary course of business, and (b) had no agreements or understandings, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities at the time of their acquisition.  In addition, the broker-dealer affiliate received these securities as compensation for services rendered prior to their assignment to such broker-dealer affiliate.
 
(39)
Includes 1,819 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(40)
Includes 18,181 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(41)
 
The address of this security holder is 10900 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 500, Los Angeles, CA, 90024.  Erick Richardson, as Managing Partner of this security holder, has dispositive and voting power over these securities and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these securities.
 
(42)
Includes 363,636 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(43)
 
 
The address of this security holder is 401 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1020, Santa Monica, CA, 90401. Christopher Marlett is the Chief Executive Officer of this security holder, and as such is deemed to be affiliated with MDB Capital Group LLC.  Christopher A. Marlett is a CEO/director and Robert M. Levande is a Secretary/director of Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc.
 
(44)
 
Includes 18,181 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(45)
Includes 55,000 shares of common stock issued to this selling security holder in the 2011 Private Placement, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(46)
Includes 59,658 shares of common stock and 13,927 shares of common stock underlying a warrant, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(47)
Includes 13,101 shares of common stock and 2,305 shares of common stock underlying a warrant, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(48)
Includes 59,658 shares of common stock and 13,927 shares of common stock underlying a warrant, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(49)
Includes 10,796 shares of common stock and 2,305 shares of common stock underlying a warrant, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(50)
Includes 59,658 shares of common stock and 13,927 shares of common stock underlying a warrant, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(51)
Christopher A. Marlett is the CEO of MDB Capital Group LLC, which is acting as lead underwriter and investment banker for the Company.

(52)
Includes 231,365 shares of common stock and 59,454 shares of common stock underlying a warrant, all of which we are registering pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
 
(53)
The address of this security holder is 401 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1020, Santa Monica, CA, 90401. MDB Capital Group LLC is acting as the lead underwriter and investment banker for the Company.
 
 
II-8

 
 
[Alternate Page for Selling Security Holder Prospectus]

USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the common stock by the selling security holders named in this prospectus. All proceeds from the sale of the common stock will be paid directly to the selling security holders.

 
II-9

 
 
[Alternate Page for Selling Security Holder Prospectus]

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION BY SELLING SECURITY HOLDERS
 
Each selling security holder of the common stock and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions.  These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices.  A selling security holder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling shares:
 
 
Ÿ
ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
 
 
Ÿ
block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;
 
 
Ÿ
purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
 
 
Ÿ
an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;
 
 
Ÿ
privately negotiated transactions;
 
 
Ÿ
settlement of short sales entered into after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part;
 
 
Ÿ
broker-dealers may agree with the selling security holders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;
 
 
Ÿ
through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;
 
 
Ÿ
a combination of any such methods of sale; or
 
 
Ÿ
any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
 
The selling security holders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
 
Broker-dealers engaged by the selling security holders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales.  Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling security holders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2440; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA IM-2440.
 
 
II-10

 
 
We are required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by us incident to the registration of the shares.  
 
Since selling security holders may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, they will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act including Rule 172 thereunder.  In addition, any securities covered by this prospectus which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 rather than under this prospectus.  There is no underwriter or single coordinating broker acting in connection with the proposed sale of the resale shares by the selling security holders.
 
We agreed to keep this prospectus and the registration statement which this prospectus forms a part effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the shares may be resold by the selling security holders without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect or (ii) all of the shares have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect.  The resale shares will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.
 
Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale shares may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution.  In addition, the selling security holders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares of the common stock by the selling security holders or any other person.  We will make copies of this prospectus available to the selling security holders and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
 
 
II-11

 
 
[Alternate Page for Selling Security Holder Prospectus]

LEGAL MATTERS

Richardson & Patel, LLP, with an office at 750 Third Avenue, 9 th Floor, New York, New York 10017, will pass upon the validity of the securities offered in this prospectus.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of ClearSign Combustion Corporation at December 31, 2009 and 2010, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2010, included in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been audited by Gumbiner Savett Inc., independent registered public accounting firm (which contain an explanatory paragraph related to our ability to continue as a going concern as described in Note 2 to our financial statements) as set forth in their report.  We have included these financial statements in the prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of Gumbiner Savett Inc., given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.  Our SEC filings are and will become available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov and on the investor relations page of our website at www.clearsigncombustion.com . Information on our web site is not part of this prospectus. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public reference facilities at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.  You can also obtain copies of the documents upon the payment of a duplicating fee to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities.

This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. Some items are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. You should review the information and exhibits included in the registration statement for further information about us and the securities we are offering. Statements in this prospectus concerning any document we filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified by reference to these filings. You should review the complete document to evaluate these statements.

DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 
II-12

 
 
[Alternate Page for Selling Security Holder Prospectus]

Until            , 2011, all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
 
CLEARSIGN
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
1,530,630 Shares
 
Common Stock
 
_______________, 2011
 
 
 
II-13

 
 
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 13.                      OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

The following table sets forth the various expenses to be incurred in connection with the sale and distribution of our common stock being registered hereby, all of which will be borne by us (except any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred in disposing of the shares).  All amounts shown are estimates except the SEC registration fee.

SEC Filing Fee
  
$
$3,365
  
FINRA Fee*
  
$
3,000
  
NASDAQ Fee*
  
$
40,000
  
Printing Expenses*
  
$
15,000
  
Accounting Fees and Expenses*
  
$
30,000
  
Legal Fees and Expenses*
  
$
275,000
  
Transfer Agent and Registrar Expenses*
  
$
5,000
  
Miscellaneous*
  
$
15,000
  
Total
  
$
386,365
  
 

*
Estimated.


ITEM 14.                      INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of any statutes referred to below and the amended Articles of Incorporation of ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation.

The Company’s Articles of Incorporation provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by Washington law, the Company’s directors will not be liable to the Company or its shareholders for monetary damages.  This provision, however, does not eliminate or limit liability for acts or omissions that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law by a director, for conduct violating Revised Code of Washington section 23B.08.310 (approval of an unlawful distribution) or for any transaction from which the director will personally receive a benefit in money, property, or services to which the director is not legally entitled.  Pursuant to section 23B.08.52 of the Revised Code of Washington, because the Company’s Articles of Incorporation do not limit the obligation, the Company must indemnify a director who was wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which the director was a party because of being a director against reasonable expenses incurred by the director in connection with the proceeding.

The Company’s Bylaws further provide that each person who was, is or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, claim or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative and whether formal or informal, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Company or was serving at the Company’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another entity, shall be indemnified and held harmless against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses actually and reasonably incurred or suffered in connection with the proceeding.  This indemnification right continues even after the individual has ceased to be a director or officer or to serve at the Company’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another entity.  However, if the person indemnified initiates the proceeding, he or she shall be entitled to indemnification only if the proceeding was authorized or ratified by the Company’s board of directors.  No indemnification will be provided for acts or omissions finally adjudged to be intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, for conduct finally adjudged to be in violation of Revised Code of Washington section 23B.08.310, for any transaction with respect to which it was finally adjudged that the indemnitee personally received a benefit in money, property or services to which the indemnitee was not legally entitled or if the Company is otherwise prohibited by applicable law from paying indemnification.  The Company must advance expenses to an indemnitee for an indemnification obligation so long as the Company receives an undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnitee to repay all amounts so advanced if it is determined by a final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified.
 
 
II-14

 
 
Under our Director and Officer Insurance Policy, our directors and officers are provided liability coverage of $5 million subject to retention. The policy has a one year term with annual renewal possible.  The policy can be terminated by the insured if there is a merger or acquisition which includes a change in ownership of 50% of the voting shares.  Upon such an occurrence the insurer may elect to cancel the policy. We may elect to then obtain “run off” insurance for a period of between one and six years at a cost of between 125% and 225% of the initial policy premium. The policy is a claim made policy. It covers only those claims made during the policy term. If an act giving rise to a claim occurs during the policy term, but the claim is not reported within 60 days of – of the termination or expiration policy, the claim will not be covered.
 
We have entered into, and will enter into in the future, indemnification agreements with the individuals who serve as our officers and directors.  Pursuant to these agreements, we will indemnify officers and directors who are made parties to, or threatened to be made parties to, any proceeding by reason of the fact that they are or were officers or directors, or are or were serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another entity.  The agreements require us to indemnify our officers and directors against all expenses, judgments, fines and penalties actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with the defense or settlement of any such proceeding, subject to the terms and conditions of the agreements.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Company has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Company of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Company in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Company will, unless in the opinion of its counsel that the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

ITEM 15.                      RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

During the past three years, we issued the following securities without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Beginning in April 2008 and continuing until August 2010, the Company raised a total of $841,151 from an offering of shares of common stock to 25 accredited investors.  The price per share was $2.25 and the Company issued a total of 373,845 shares of common stock.  The Company relied on Rule 506 of Regulation D to make the offering.  In the offering there were no more than 35 purchasers of the common stock, appropriate financial and business information was provided to the purchasers in accordance with Rule 502(b), there was no form of general solicitation or general advertising relating to the offer and the Company exercised reasonable care   to assure that the purchasers of the common stock were not underwriters within the meaning of section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.
 
 
II-15

 

In December 2010, Geoffrey Osler, Richard Rutkowski, Trinity West Trust I and Trinity West Trust II converted their shares of Class B common stock into shares of common stock at a ratio of 1:1.  The Company subsequently amended its Articles of Incorporation to eliminate the Class B common stock.  The Company relied on section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act to issue the securities.  The securities were exchanged by the Company with its existing security holders exclusively and there were no commissions or other remuneration paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting the exchange.

On February 16, 2011 the Company issued five warrants for the purchase of up to a total of 64,000 shares of common stock to five consultants.  Each warrant has a term of 10 years and an exercise price of $2.25 per share.  The warrants were issued in reliance on Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.  The consultants rendered valuable services to the Company relating to the development of its product and the Company is not subject to the reporting requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is not an investment company registered or required to be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.  Each of the consultants is a natural person and none of the services provided by the consultants were made in connection with the offer or sale of the Company’s securities.  The aggregate sales price of the securities offered in reliance on Rule 701 did not exceed the parameters set forth in Rule 701(d).

Beginning in March 2011 and continuing until May 10, 2011, the Company raised approximately $3 million from an offering of shares of common stock to investors.  The price per share was $2.75 and the Company issued a total of 1,090,683 shares of common stock.  The Company relied on an exemption under Rule 506 of Regulation D to make the offering.  There were no more than 35 purchasers of the common stock, appropriate financial and business information was provided to the purchasers in accordance with Rule 502(b), there was no form of general solicitation or general advertising relating to the offer and the Company exercised reasonable care   to assure that the purchasers of the common stock were not underwriters within the meaning of section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.  In conjunction with the offering, the Company issued to MDB Capital Group LLC a warrant for the purchase of 109,091 shares of common stock.  The warrant has a term of 5 years and an exercise price of $2.75 per share.  The Company relied on an exemption under section 4(2) of the Securities Act to issue the warrant.  The warrant was offered and sold without any form of general solicitation or general advertising, MDB Capital Group LLC represented that it was an accredited investor and, as our placement agent, it was provided with access to the information that registration would otherwise provide.

In April 2011 the Company issued 363,636 shares of common stock to MDB Capital Group LLC in exchange for consulting services that had been rendered in 2011 until May 10, 2011.  The Company relied on an exemption under section 4(2) of the Securities Act to issue the common stock.  The common stock was offered and sold without any form of general solicitation or general advertising, MDB Capital Group LLC represented that it was an accredited investor and, as our placement agent, it was provided with access to the information that registration would otherwise provide.
 
 
II-16

 

ITEM 16.                      EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
No.
 
Description of Document
1.1
 
Form of Underwriting Agreement**
3.1
 
Articles of Incorporation of ClearSign Combustion Corporation, amended on February 2, 2011*
3.2
 
Bylaws of ClearSign Combustion Corporation*
4.1
 
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant to be issued to MDB Capital Group LLC**
4.2
 
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued on February 16, 2011 to various consultants*
5.1
 
Opinion of Richardson & Patel LLP regarding the validity of the common stock being registered**
10.1
 
Consulting Agreement dated February 14, 2011 between the registrant and MDB Capital Group LLC*
10.2
 
Engagement Agreement*
10.3
 
Lock-Up Agreement**
10.4
 
Subscription Agreement between the registrant and various investors for an offering completed on April 20, 2011*
10.5
 
Office Lease Agreement*
10.6
 
Form of Employee Intellectual Property Assignment and Nondisclosure Agreement*
10.7
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation 2011 Equity Incentive Plan*
10.8
 
Advisory Board Agreement **
10.9
 
Assignment dated October 18, 2010 between the registrant and Thomas S. Hartwick, David Goodson, Richard Rutkowski, Geoffrey Osler and Christopher A. Wiklof*
10.10
 
Founders Agreement dated April 14, 2008 between the registrant and David Goodson, B.D. and D.G. Goodson Trust, The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance, Geoff Osler, Richard Rutkowski, Trinity West Trust I and Trinity West Trust II*
10.11
 
Subscription and Contribution Agreement dated March 4, 2008 between the registrant and David Goodson and The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance*
10.12
 
Subscription and Contribution Agreement dated March 4, 2008 between the registrant and Geoff Osler*
10.13
 
Subscription and Contribution Agreement dated March 4, 2008 between the registrant and David Goodson and the B. D. and D. G. Goodson Trust*
10.14
 
Subscription and Contribution Agreement dated April 14, 2008 between the registrant and Richard Rutkowski, Trinity West Trust I and Trinity West Trust II*
10.15
 
Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement dated April 14, 2008 between the registrant and Dr. Thomas Hartwick*
10.16
 
Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement dated April 14, 2008 between the registrant and Chris Wiklof*
10.17
 
Form of Subscription Agreement between the registrant and various investors in an offering completed in October 2009*
10.18
 
Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement**
23.1
 
Consent of Gumbiner Savett Inc., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*
23.2
 
Consent of Richardson & Patel LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1 filed herewith)**


*  Filed herewith.
 
** To be filed by subsequent amendment.
 
 
II-17

 

ITEM 17.                      UNDERTAKINGS
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted as to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 14, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

          (1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increases or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
 
 
II-18

 

(2)        That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3)        To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4)        That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:  The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:  (i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;  (iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and (iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(5)        To provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

(6)        For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus as filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(7)       For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
 
II-19

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Seattle, State of Washington, on this 14 th day of November, 2011.
 
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
       
  By:    /s/ Richard Rutkowski  
   
Richard Rutkowski
 
   
Chief Executive Officer
 
                                                                     
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Richard Rutkowski as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to the Registration Statement, and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this Registration Statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
         
Dated: November 14, 2011
   
/s/ Richard F. Rutkowski
 
     
Richard F. Rutkowski
 
 
   
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
         
Dated: November 14, 2011
   
/s/ James N. Harmon
 
     
James N. Harmon
 
     
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
         
Dated: November 14, 2011
   
/s/ David B. Goodson
 
     
David B. Goodson
 
     
Chief Science Officer and Director
 
         
Dated: November 14, 2011
   
/s/ Stephen E. Pirnat
 
     
Stephen E. Pirnat, Director
 
         
Dated: November 14, 2011
   
/s/ Scott P. Isaacson
 
     
Scott P. Isaacson, Director
 
         
Dated: November 14, 2011
   
/s/ Lon E. Bell
 
     
Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., Director
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Exhibit 3.3
 
BYLAWS
 
OF
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SECTION 1.  DEFINITIONS
 
As used in these Bylaws, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
 
" Articles of Incorporation " means the corporation's Articles of Incorporation and all amendments as filed with the Washington Secretary of State.
 
" Board " means the Board of Directors of the corporation.
 
" Electronic transmission " means an electronic communication not directly involving the physical transfer of a record in a tangible medium that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by the sender and the recipient and that may be directly reproduced in a tangible medium by the sender and recipient.
 
" Execute ," " executes " or " executed " means signed with respect to a written record or electronically transmitted along with sufficient information to determine the sender's identity with respect to an electronic transmission.
 
" RCW " means the Revised Code of Washington and " RCW 23B " means Title 23B of the Revised Code of Washington (also known as the Washington Business Corporation Act).
 
" Record " means information inscribed on a tangible medium or contained in an electronic transmission.
 
" Tangible medium " means a writing, copy of a writing or facsimile, or a physical reproduction, each on paper or on other tangible material.
 
" Washington Business Corporation Act " means the Washington Business Corporation Act, as it exists now or may be amended.
 
" Writing " or " written " means embodied in a tangible medium, and excludes an electronic transmission.
 
SECTION 2.  SHAREHOLDERS
 
2.1
Annual Meeting
 
The annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held on a date not more than 180 days after the end of the corporation's fiscal year, the date and time to be determined by the Board.  Shareholders may act by consent set forth in a record in accordance with Section 2.13 of these Bylaws to elect directors in lieu of holding an annual meeting.

 
-1-

 
 
2.2
Special Meetings
 
The Chairperson of the Board, the President or the Board may call special meetings of the shareholders for any purpose.
 
A special meeting of the shareholders shall be held if the holders of at least 25% of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at the special meeting have delivered to the Secretary one or more demands for the meeting, describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held, which demands shall be set forth either (i) in an executed written record, or (ii) if the corporation has designated an address, location or system to which the demands may be electronically transmitted and the demands are electronically transmitted to that designated address, location or system, in an executed electronically transmitted record.  The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date of delivery of the first shareholder demand in compliance with this Section 2.2.
 
2.3
Meetings by Communications Equipment
 
Shareholders may participate in any meeting of the shareholders by any means of communication by which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other during the meeting, and participation in this manner shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
 
2.4
Date, Time and Place of Meeting
 
Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, all meetings of shareholders, including those held pursuant to demand by shareholders, shall be held on a date and at a time and place designated by or at the direction of the Board.
 
2.5
Notice to Shareholders
 
Any notice to shareholders required or permitted under these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Washington Business Corporation Act shall be provided in accordance with this section 2.5.
 
 
2.5.1  Type of Notice
 
(a)  Notice Provided in a Tangible Medium.   Notice may be provided in a tangible medium and may be transmitted by mail, private carrier, personal delivery, telegraph, teletype, telephone or wire or wireless equipment that transmits a facsimile of the notice.
 
(b)  Notice Provided in an Electronic Transmission.   Notice may be provided in an electronic transmission and be electronically transmitted.
 
(1)  Consent to Receive Notice by Electronic Transmission.   Notice to shareholders in an electronic transmission is effective only with respect to shareholders that have consented, in the form of a record, to receive electronically transmitted notices and designated in the consent the address, location or system to which these notices may be electronically transmitted.  Notice provided in an electronic transmission includes material required or permitted to accompany the notice by the Washington Business Corporation Act or other applicable statute or regulation.

 
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(2)  Revocation of Consent to Receive Notice by Electronic Transmission.   A shareholder that has consented to receipt of electronically transmitted notices may revoke the consent by delivering a revocation to the corporation in the form of a record.  The consent of a shareholder to receive notice by electronic transmission is revoked if the corporation is unable to electronically transmit two consecutive notices given by the corporation in accordance with the consent, and this inability becomes known to the Secretary of the corporation, the transfer agent or any other person responsible for giving the notice.  The inadvertent failure by the corporation to treat this inability as a revocation does not invalidate any meeting or other action.
 
(3)  Posting Notice on an Electronic Network.   Notice to shareholders that have consented to receipt of electronically transmitted notices may be provided by posting the notice on an electronic network and delivering to the shareholder a separate record of the posting, together with comprehensible instructions regarding how to obtain access to the posting on the electronic network.
 
 
2.5.2  Effectiveness of Notice
 
(a)  Notice by Mail .   Notice given by mail is effective when deposited in the United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, properly addressed to the shareholder at the shareholder's address as it appears in the corporation's current record of shareholders.
 
(b)  Notice by Telegraph, Teletype or Facsimile Equipment.   Notice given by telegraph, teletype or facsimile equipment that transmits a facsimile of the notice is effective when dispatched to the shareholder's address, telephone number or other number appearing on the records of the corporation.
 
(c)  Notice by Air Courier .  Notice given by air courier is effective when dispatched, if prepaid and properly addressed to the shareholder at the shareholder's address as it appears in the corporation's current record of shareholders.
 
(d)  Notice by Ground Courier or Other Personal Delivery.   Notice given by ground courier or other personal delivery is effective when received by a shareholder.
 
(e)  Notice by Electronic Transmission .  Notice provided in an electronic transmission, if in comprehensible form, is effective when it (i) is electronically transmitted to an address, location or system designated by the recipient for that purpose, or (ii) has been posted on an electronic network and a separate record of the posting has been delivered to the recipient together with comprehensible instructions regarding how to obtain access to the posting on the electronic network.
 
(f)  Notice by Publication .   Notice given by publication is effective five days after first publication.
 
 
2.5.3
Notice of Meeting
 
Notice stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be provided in the form of a record by or at the direction of the Board, the Chairperson of the Board, the President or the Secretary to each shareholder entitled to notice of or to vote at the meeting, as provided below.

 
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2.5.3.1  Number of Days' Notice
 
(a)  Normal Business.   Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this Section 2.5.3.1, notice of the meeting shall be provided not less than 10 or more than 60 days before the meeting.
 
(b)  Amendment to Articles of Incorporation; Merger or Share Exchange; Sale of Assets or Dissolution.   Notice of a meeting held for the purpose of considering an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation, a plan of merger or share exchange, the sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the corporation's assets other than in the regular course of business or the dissolution of the corporation shall be provided not less than 20 or more than 60 days before the meeting.
 
 
 
2.5.3.2  Adjourned Meeting
 
If an annual or special meeting of shareholders is adjourned to a different date, time or place, no notice of the new date, time or place is required if they are announced at the meeting before adjournment.  If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is or must be fixed, notice of the adjourned meeting must be provided to shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote as of the new record date.
 
 
 
2.5.3.3  Notice of Special Meeting Called by Shareholders
 
In accordance with Section 2.2 of these Bylaws, the shareholders may request that the corporation call a special meeting of shareholders.  Within 30 days of a request, it shall be the duty of the Secretary to provide notice of a special meeting of shareholders to be held on a date and at a place and hour as the Secretary may fix.
 
 
2.5.4
Waiver of Notice
 
 
 
2.5.4.1  By Delivery of a Record
 
A shareholder may waive any notice required by these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Washington Business Corporation Act, before or after the date and time of the meeting that is the subject of the notice or, in the case of notice required to be given to nonconsenting or nonvoting shareholders in connection with action taken by less than unanimous consent of the shareholders, before or after the action to be taken by executed consent is effective.  The waiver must be (i) delivered by the shareholder entitled to notice to the corporation for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate records, and (ii) set forth either in an executed and dated written record or, if the corporation has designated an address, location or system to which the waiver may be electronically transmitted and the waiver is electronically transmitted to the designated address, location or system, in an executed and dated electronically transmitted record.
 
 
 
2.5.4.2  Waiver by Attendance
 
Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting will be waived by any shareholder by attendance in person or by proxy, unless the shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting.

 
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2.5.4.3  Waiver of Objection
 
A shareholder waives objection to consideration of a particular matter at a meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described in the notice of the meeting unless the shareholder objects to considering the matter when it is presented.
 
2.6
Fixing of Record Date for Determining Shareholders Entitled to Notice of or to Vote at a Meeting or to Receive Payment of a Dividend
 
 
2.6.1  Record Date for Meeting of Shareholders
 
For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment of the meeting, the Board may fix a future date as the record date for the determination.  The record date shall be not more than 70 days and not less than 10 days, prior to the date of the meeting.  If no record date is fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting, the record date shall be the day immediately preceding the date on which notice of the meeting is first given to shareholders.  The determination of the record date shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board fixes a new record date, which it shall do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting.
 
 
2.6.2  Record Date to Receive Payment of Dividend or Distribution
 
For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution (including a dividend or distribution in connection with a stock split), the Board may fix a future date as the record date for the dividend or distribution.  The record date shall be not more than 70 days prior to the date on which the dividend or distribution is payable.  If no record date is set for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution (other than one involving a purchase, redemption or other acquisition of the corporation's shares) the record date shall be the date the Board authorizes the dividend or distribution.
 
2.7
Voting Record
 
At least 10 days before each meeting of shareholders, an alphabetical list of the shareholders entitled to notice of the meeting shall be made, arranged by voting group and by each class or series of shares, with the address of and number of shares held by each shareholder.  This record shall be kept at the principal office of the corporation or at a place identified in the meeting notice in the city where the meeting will be held for 10 days prior to the meeting, and shall be kept open at the meeting, for the inspection of any shareholder or any shareholder's agent or attorney.
 
2.8
Quorum
 
A majority of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter by the holders of shares that, pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation or the Washington Business Corporation Act, are entitled to vote on the matter, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum of those shares at a meeting of shareholders, including a majority of those shares entitled to vote as a separate voting group.  If less than a quorum of votes are represented at a meeting, a majority of the votes so represented may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice if the new date, time and place are announced at the meeting before adjournment.  Any business may be transacted at a reconvened meeting that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called, if a quorum is present or represented at the meeting.  Once a share is represented for any purpose at a meeting other than solely to object to holding the meeting or transacting business, it is deemed present for quorum purposes for the remainder of the meeting and any adjournment (unless a new record date is or must be set for the adjourned meeting) notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum.

 
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2.9
Manner of Acting
 
 
2.9.1  Matters Other than the Election of Directors
 
If a quorum is present, action on a matter other than the election of directors shall be approved if the votes cast in favor of the action by shares entitled to vote on the matter exceed the votes cast against the action by shares entitled to vote thereon, unless the Articles of Incorporation or the Washington Business Corporation Act requires a greater number of affirmative votes or approval by separate voting groups.
 
 
2.9.2  Election of Directors
 
Directors shall be elected in the manner set forth in Section 2.12 of these Bylaws.
 
2.10
Proxies
 
A shareholder or the shareholder's agent or attorney-in-fact may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for the shareholder by an executed writing or by a recorded telephone call, voice mail or other electronic transmission.
 
 
2.10.1  Written Authorization
 
Execution of a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for the shareholder as proxy may be accomplished by the shareholder or the shareholder's authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing the writing or causing his or her signature to be affixed to the writing by any reasonable means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.
 
 
2.10.2  Recorded Telephone Call, Voice Mail or Other Electronic Transmission
 
Authorizing another person or persons to act for the shareholder as proxy may be accomplished by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a recorded telephone call, voice mail or other electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive the transmission, provided that the transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information, including any security or validation controls used, from which it can reasonably be determined that the transmission was authorized by the shareholder.  If it is determined that the transmission is valid, the inspectors of election or, if there are no inspectors, any officer or agent of the corporation making that determination on behalf of the corporation shall specify the information upon which he or she relied.  The corporation shall require the holders of proxies received by transmission to provide to the corporation copies of the transmission and the corporation shall retain copies of the transmission for a reasonable period of time after the election provided that they are retained for at least 60 days.

 
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2.10.3  Effectiveness of Appointment of Proxy
 
An appointment of a proxy is effective when a signed appointment form or telegram, cablegram, recorded telephone call, voicemail or other transmission of the appointment is received by the inspectors of election or the officer or agent of the corporation authorized to tabulate votes.  An appointment is valid for 11 months unless a longer period is expressly provided in the appointment.  A proxy with respect to a specified meeting shall entitle its holder to vote at any reconvened meeting following adjournment of the meeting but shall not be valid after the final adjournment.
 
 
2.10.4  Revocability of Proxy
 
An appointment of a proxy is revocable by the shareholder unless the appointment indicates that it is irrevocable and the appointment is coupled with an interest.  Appointments coupled with an interest include the appointment of a pledgee, a person who purchased or agreed to purchase the shares, a creditor of the corporation who extended it credit under terms requiring the appointment, an employee of the corporation whose employment contract requires the appointment or a party to a voting agreement created under RCW 23B.07.310.  An appointment made irrevocable is revoked when the interest with which it is coupled is extinguished.  A transferee for value of shares subject to an irrevocable appointment may revoke the appointment if the transferee did not know of its existence when the transferee acquired the shares and the existence of the irrevocable appointment was not noted conspicuously on the certificate representing the shares or on the information statement for shares without certificates.
 
 
2.10.5  Death or Incapacity of Shareholder Appointing a Proxy
 
The death or incapacity of the shareholder appointing a proxy does not affect the right of the corporation to accept the proxy's authority unless notice of the death or incapacity is received by the officer or agent of the corporation authorized to tabulate votes before the proxy exercises the proxy's authority under the appointment.
 
 
2.10.6  Acceptance of Proxy's Vote or Action
 
Subject to RCW 23B.07.240 and to any express limitation on the proxy's authority stated in the appointment form or recorded telephone call, voice mail or other electronic transmission, the corporation is entitled to accept the proxy's vote or other action as that of the shareholder making the appointment.
 
 
2.10.7  Meaning of Sign or Signature
 
For the purposes of this Section, " sign " or " signature " includes any manual, facsimile, conformed or electronic signature.
 
2.11
Voting of Shares
 
Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, each outstanding share entitled to vote with respect to a matter submitted to a meeting of shareholders shall be entitled to one vote upon the matter.
 
2.12
Voting for Directors
 
Each shareholder entitled to vote at an election of directors may vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares owned by the shareholder for as many persons as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the shareholder has a right to vote.  Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, the candidates elected shall be those receiving the largest number of votes cast, up to the number of directors to be elected.  Directors may be elected by consent in lieu of an annual or special meeting in accordance with Section 2.13 of these Bylaws.

 
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2.13
Action by Shareholders Without a Meeting
 
Any action that may or is required to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders may be taken without a meeting or a vote, pursuant to the provisions of this Section 2.13.
 
 
2.13.1
Unanimous Written Consent
 
Action may be taken by unanimous consent if (i) one or more consents, each in the form of a record, describing the action taken are executed by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the matter, and (ii) the executed consents are delivered to the corporation for filing with the corporate records.
 
 
2.13.2
Less Than Unanimous Written Consent
 
If authorized by a general or limited authorization in the Articles of Incorporation, action may be taken by less than unanimous consent if (i) one or more consents, each in the form of a record describing the action taken, are executed by shareholders holding of record or otherwise entitled to vote in the aggregate not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take the action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote on the action were present and voted, (ii) the period of advance notice required by the Articles of Incorporation to be given to any nonconsenting shareholders and, if applicable, nonvoting shareholders, has been satisfied and (iii) the executed consents are delivered to the corporation for filing with the corporate records.
 
 
2.13.3
General Provisions
 
(a)  Form of Consent.   The consent shall be set forth either in an executed written record or, if the corporation has designated an address, location or system to which the consent may be electronically transmitted and the consent is electronically transmitted to the designated address, location or system, in an executed electronically transmitted record.
 
(b)  Record Date.   If not otherwise fixed by the Board, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to take action without a meeting is the date the first shareholder consent is executed.
 
(c)  Withdrawal of Consent.   A shareholder may withdraw a consent only by delivering a notice of withdrawal in the form of a record to the corporation prior to the time that consents sufficient to authorize taking the action have been delivered to the corporation.
 
(d)  Date of Signature.   Every consent shall bear the date of execution of each shareholder that executes the consent.
 
(e)  Time Allowed to Complete Execution of Consents.   A consent is not effective to take the action referred to in the consent unless, within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation, consents executed by a sufficient number of shareholders to take action are delivered to the corporation.
 

 
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(f)  Effective Date of Consent Action.   Unless the consent specifies a later effective date, actions taken by consent of the shareholders are effective when (a) consents sufficient to authorize taking the action are in possession of the corporation and (b) if action is taken by less than unanimous consent, the period of advance notice required by the Articles of Incorporation to be given to any nonconsenting or nonvoting shareholders has been satisfied.
             
(g)  Inclusion in Corporate Records.   The consent shall be inserted in the minute book as if it were the minutes of a meeting of the shareholders.
 
SECTION 3.  BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
3.1
General Powers
 
All corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed under the direction of, the Board, except as may be otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Washington Business Corporation Act.
 
3.2
Number and Tenure
 
The Board shall be composed of not less than 1 or more than 7   directors, the specific number to be set by resolution of the Board.  The indefinite number of directors may be changed, or a definite number may be fixed without provision for an indefinite number, by an amendment to this Bylaw.  No decrease in the number of authorized directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director.  Unless a director dies, resigns, or is removed, his or her term of office shall expire at the next annual meeting of shareholders but a director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected or until there is a decrease in the authorized number of directors.  Directors need not be shareholders of the corporation or residents of the State of Washington.
 
3.3
Regular Meetings
 
By resolution, the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, may specify the time and place for holding regular meetings without notice other than the resolution.
 
3.4
Special Meetings
 
Special meetings of the Board or any committee designated by the Board may be called by or at the request of the Chairperson of the Board, the President, the Secretary or, in the case of special Board meetings, any director and, in the case of any special meeting of any committee designated by the Board, by its Chairperson.  The person or persons authorized to call special meetings may fix any place for holding any special Board or committee meeting called by them.
 
3.5
Meetings by Communications Equipment
 
Members of the Board or any committee designated by the Board may participate in a meeting of the Board or committee by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, any means of communication by which all directors participating in the meeting can hear each other during the meeting, and participation in this manner shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
 
 
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3.6
Notice of Special Meetings
 
Notice of a special Board or committee meeting stating the place, day and hour of the meeting shall be provided to each director in the form of a record or orally, as provided below.  Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any special meeting need be specified in the notice of the meeting.
 
 
3.6.1  Number of Days' Notice
 
Notice of the meeting shall be given at least two days before the meeting.
 
 
3.6.2  Type of Notice
 
(a)  Oral Notice.   Oral notice may be communicated in person, by telephone, wire or wireless equipment that does not transmit a facsimile of the notice, or by any electronic means that does not create a record.
 
(b)  Notice Provided in a Tangible Medium.   Notice may be provided in a tangible medium and may be transmitted by mail, private carrier, personal delivery, telegraph, teletype, telephone or wire or wireless equipment that transmits a facsimile of the notice.
 
(c)  Notice Provided in an Electronic Transmission.   Notice may be provided in an electronic transmission and be electronically transmitted.
 
(1)  Consent to Receive Notice by Electronic Transmission.   Notice to directors in an electronic transmission is effective only with respect to directors who have consented, in the form of a record, to receive electronically transmitted notices and designated in the consent the address, location or system to which these notices may be electronically transmitted.  Notice provided in an electronic transmission includes material required or permitted to accompany the notice by the Washington Business Corporation Act or other applicable statute or regulation.
 
(2)  Revocation of Consent to Receive Notice by Electronic Transmission.   A director who has consented to receipt of electronically transmitted notices may revoke the consent by delivering a revocation to the corporation in the form of a record.  The consent of a director to receive notice by electronic transmission is revoked if the corporation is unable to electronically transmit two consecutive notices given by the corporation in accordance with the consent, and this inability becomes known to the Secretary of the corporation or any other person responsible for giving the notice.  The inadvertent failure by the corporation to treat this inability as a revocation does not invalidate any meeting or other action.
 
(3)  Posting Notice on an Electronic Network.   Notice to directors who have consented to receipt of electronically transmitted notices may be provided by posting the notice on an electronic network and delivering to the director a separate record of the posting, together with comprehensible instructions regarding how to obtain access to the posting on the electronic network.
 
 
3.6.3  Effectiveness of Written Notice
 
(a)  Notice by Mail. Notice given by mail is effective five days after its deposit in the United States mail, as evidenced by the postmark, if mailed with first-class postage prepaid and correctly addressed to the director at his or her address shown on the records of the corporation.
 
 
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(b)  Notice by Registered or Certified Mail.   Notice is effective on the date shown on the return receipt, if sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and the receipt is signed by or on behalf of the addressee.
 
(c)  Notice by Telegraph, Teletype or Facsimile Equipment.   Notice sent to the director's address, telephone number or other number appearing on the records of the corporation is effective when dispatched by telegraph, teletype or wire or wireless equipment that transmits a facsimile of the notice.
 
(d)  Notice by Private Carrier.   Notice given by private carrier is effective when received by the director.
 
(e)  Personal Notice.   Notice given by personal delivery is effective when received by the director.
 
(f)  Notice by Electronic Transmission.   Notice provided by electronic transmission, if in comprehensible form, is effective when it (i) is electronically transmitted to an address, location or system designated by the recipient for that purpose, or (ii) has been posted on an electronic network and a separate record of the posting has been delivered to the recipient together with comprehensible instructions regarding how to obtain access to the posting on the electronic network.
 
 
3.6.4  Effectiveness of Oral Notice
 
(a)  Notice in Person or by Telephone.   Oral notice is effective when received by the director.
 
(b)  Notice by Wire or Wireless Equipment.   Notice given by wire or wireless equipment that does not transmit a facsimile of the notice or by any electronic means that does not create a record is effective when communicated to the director.
 
3.7
Waiver of Notice
 
 
3.7.1  By Delivery of a Record
 
A director may waive any notice required to be given to any director under the provisions of these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Washington Business Corporation Act, before or after the date and time stated in the notice and the waiver shall be equivalent to the giving of notice.  The waiver must be delivered by the director entitled to the notice to the corporation for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate records.  The waiver shall be set forth either in an executed written record or, if the corporation has designated an address, location or system to which the waiver may be electronically transmitted and the waiver has been electronically transmitted to the designated address, location or system, in an executed electronically transmitted record.  Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of the Board or any committee designated by the Board need be specified in the waiver of notice of the meeting.
 
 
3.7.2  By Attendance
 
A director's attendance at or participation in a Board or committee meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of the meeting, unless the director at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon his or her arrival, objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting and does not vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting.

 
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3.8
Quorum
 
 
3.8.1  Board of Directors
 
A majority of the number of directors fixed by or in the manner provided in these Bylaws shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any Board meeting but, if less than a quorum are present at a meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice.
 
 
3.8.2  Committees
 
A majority of the number of directors composing any committee of the Board, as established and fixed by resolution of the Board, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the committee but, if less than a quorum are present at a meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the committee meeting from time to time without further notice.
 
3.9
Manner of Acting
 
If a quorum is present when the vote is taken, the act of the majority of the directors present at a Board or committee meeting shall be the act of the Board or the committee, unless the vote of a greater number is required by these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Washington Business Corporation Act.
 
3.10
Presumption of Assent
 
A director of the corporation who is present at a Board or committee meeting at which any action is taken shall be deemed to have assented to the action taken unless (a) the director objects at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon his or her arrival, to holding the meeting or transacting any business at the meeting, (b) the director's dissent or abstention from the action taken is entered in the minutes of the meeting, or (c) the director delivers notice of the director's dissent or abstention to the presiding officer of the meeting before its adjournment or to the corporation within a reasonable time after adjournment of the meeting.  The right of dissent or abstention is not available to a director who votes in favor of the action taken.
 
3.11
Action by Board or Committees Without a Meeting
 
Any action that could be taken at a meeting of the Board or of any committee created by the Board may be taken without a meeting if one or more consents setting forth the action so taken are executed by all the directors or by all the members of the committee either before or after the action is taken and delivered to the corporation, each of which shall be set forth in an executed written record or, if the corporation has designated an address, location or system to which the consent may be electronically transmitted and the consent is electronically transmitted to the designated address, location or system in an executed electronically transmitted record.  Action taken by consent of directors without a meeting is effective when the last director executes the consent, unless the consent specifies a later effective date.  The consent shall be inserted in the minute book as if it were the minutes of a Board or a committee meeting.

 
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3.12
Resignation of Directors and Committee Members
 
Any director may resign from the Board or any committee of the Board at any time by delivering an executed notice to the Chairperson of the Board, the President, the Secretary or the Board.  The resignation is effective upon delivery unless the notice of resignation specifies a later effective date and, unless otherwise specified, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
 
3.13
Removal of Directors and Committee Members
 
 
3.13.1  Removal of Directors
 
At a meeting of shareholders called expressly for that purpose, one or more members of the Board, including the entire Board, may be removed with or without cause (unless the Articles of Incorporation permit removal for cause only) by the holders of the shares entitled to elect the director or directors whose removal is sought if the number of votes cast to remove the director exceeds the number of votes cast to not remove the director.
 
 
3.13.2  Removal of Committee Members
 
The Board may remove any member of any committee elected or appointed by it by the affirmative vote of the greater of a majority of the directors then in office and the number of directors required to take action in accordance with these Bylaws.
 
3.14
Vacancies
 
Unless the Articles of Incorporation provide otherwise, any vacancy occurring on the Board may be filled by the shareholders, by the Board or, if the directors in office constitute less than a quorum, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors.  Any vacant office to be held by a director elected by the holders of one or more classes or series of shares entitled to vote thereon shall be filled only by the vote of the holders of such class or series of shares.  The term of a director elected to fill a vacancy expires at the next election of directors by the shareholders.
 
3.15
Executive and Other Committees
 
 
3.15.1  Creation of Committees
 
The Board, by resolution, may create standing or temporary committees, including an Executive Committee, and appoint members from its own number and invest the committees with powers as it may see fit, subject to conditions as may be prescribed by the Board, the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws and applicable law.  The resolution must be adopted by the greater of a majority of all the directors then in office or the number of directors required to take action in accordance with these Bylaws.  Each committee must have two or more members, who shall serve at the pleasure of the Board.
 
 
3.15.2  Authority of Committees
 
Each committee shall have and may exercise all the authority of the Board to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board creating the committee and any subsequent resolutions adopted in like manner, except that no committee shall have the authority to:  (a) authorize or approve a distribution except according to a general formula or method prescribed by the Board, (b) approve or propose to shareholders actions or proposals required by the Washington Business Corporation Act to be approved by shareholders, (c) fill vacancies on the Board or any committee of the Board, (d) amend the Articles of Incorporation pursuant to RCW 23B.10.020, (e) adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws, (f) approve a plan of merger not requiring shareholder approval, or (g) authorize or approve the issuance or sale or contract for sale of shares, or determine the designation and relative rights, preferences and limitations of a class or series of shares except that the Board may authorize a committee or a senior executive officer of the corporation to do so within limits specifically prescribed by the Board.

 
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3.15.3  Minutes of Meetings
 
All committees shall keep regular minutes of their meetings and shall cause them to be recorded in books kept for that purpose.
 
3.16
Compensation of Directors and Committee Members
 
By Board resolution, directors and committee members may be paid for their service as directors and committee members in such amounts and form as specified in such resolution, which may include, without limitation, their expenses, if any, of attendance at each Board or committee meeting, a fixed sum for attendance at each Board or committee meeting or a stated salary as director or a committee member, and such other compensation as the Board may determine (including, without limitation, stock options or other equity compensation).  No payment for expenses or compensation as a director or committee member shall preclude any director or committee member from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation for his or her services.
 
SECTION 4.  OFFICERS
 
4.1
Appointment and Term
 
The officers of the corporation shall be those officers appointed from time to time by the Board or by any other officer empowered to do so.  The Board shall have sole power and authority to appoint any executive officer and shall have the authority to appoint any other officers and to prescribe the respective terms of office, authority and duties of the executive officers or other officers.  As used in these Bylaws, the term " executive officer " shall mean the President, any Vice President in charge of a principal business unit, division or function or any other officer who performs a policy-making function.  The Board may delegate to any executive officer the power to appoint any subordinate officers and to prescribe their respective terms of office, authority and duties.  Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.  Unless an officer dies, resigns or is removed from office, he or she shall hold office until his or her successor is appointed.
 
4.2
Resignation of Officers
 
Any officer may resign at any time by delivering an executed notice to the corporation.  The resignation is effective upon delivery, unless the notice of resignation specifies a later effective date, and, unless otherwise specified, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
 
4.3
Removal of Officers
 
Any officer may be removed by the Board at any time, with or without cause.  An officer or assistant officer, if appointed by another officer, may be removed by any officer authorized to appoint officers or assistant officers.
 
 
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4.4
Contract Rights of Officers
 
The appointment of an officer does not itself create contract rights.
 
4.5
Chairperson of the Board
 
If appointed, the Chairperson of the Board shall perform the duties assigned to him or her by the Board from time to time, and shall preside over meetings of the Board and shareholders unless another officer is appointed or designated by the Board as Chairperson of the meetings.
 
4.6
President
 
If appointed, the President shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation unless some other officer is so designated by the Board, shall preside over meetings of the Board and shareholders in the absence of a Chairperson of the Board, and, subject to the Board's control, shall supervise and control all of the assets, business and affairs of the corporation.  In general, the President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and other duties prescribed by the Board from time to time.  If no Secretary has been appointed, the President shall have responsibility for the preparation of minutes of meetings of the Board and shareholders and for authentication of the records of the corporation.
 
4.7
Vice President
 
In the event of the death of the President or a vacancy in the office of the President, or his or her inability to act, the Vice President shall perform the duties of the President, except as may be limited by resolution of the Board, with all the powers of and subject to all the restrictions upon the President.  If there is more than one Vice President, the Vice President who was designated by the Board as the successor to the President, or if no Vice President is so designated, the Vice President first elected to the office of Vice President, shall perform the duties of the President, except as may be limited by resolution of the Board, with all the powers of and subject to all the restrictions upon the President.  Vice Presidents shall perform other duties as from time to time may be assigned to them by the President or by or at the direction of the Board.
 
4.8
Secretary
 
If appointed, the Secretary shall be responsible for preparation of minutes of the meetings of the Board and shareholders, maintenance of the corporation records and stock registers, and authentication of the corporation's records and shall in general perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the President or by or at the direction of the Board.  In the absence of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary may perform the duties of the Secretary.
 
4.9
Treasurer
 
If appointed, the Treasurer shall have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation, receive and give receipts for funds due and payable to the corporation from any source whatsoever, and deposit funds in the name of the corporation in banks, trust companies or other depositories selected in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws, and in general perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer and other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the President or by or at the direction of the Board.  In the absence of the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer may perform the duties of the Treasurer.

 
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4.10
Salaries
 
The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board or by any person or persons to whom the Board has delegated authority to set salaries of officers.  No officer shall be prevented from receiving a salary by reason of the fact that he or she is also a director of the corporation.
 
SECTION 5.  CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER
 
5.1
Issuance of Shares
 
No shares of the corporation shall be issued unless authorized by the Board, or by a committee designated by the Board to the extent the committee is empowered to do so.
 
5.2
Certificates for Shares
 
Certificates representing shares of the corporation shall be signed, either manually or in facsimile, (i) by any two officers designated by the Board, or (ii) if no specific designation is made, by the Chairperson of the Board, the President or any Vice President and by the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary and shall include on their face written notice of any restrictions that may be imposed on the transferability of the shares.  All certificates shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified.
 
5.3
Issuance of Shares Without Certificates
 
The Board may authorize the issuance of some or all of the shares of any or all of the corporation's classes or series without certificates.  The authorization does not affect shares already represented by certificates until they are surrendered to the corporation.  Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of shares without certificates, the corporation shall send the shareholder a complete record containing the information required on certificates by applicable Washington law.
 
5.4
Stock Records
 
The stock transfer books shall be kept at the principal office of the corporation or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent or registrar.  The name and address of each person to whom certificates for shares are issued, together with the class and number of shares represented by the certificate and the date of issuance of the certificate shall be entered on the stock transfer books of the corporation.  The person in whose name shares stand on the books of the corporation shall be deemed by the corporation to be the owner for all purposes.
 
5.5
Restriction on Transfer
 
Except to the extent that the corporation has obtained an opinion of counsel acceptable to the corporation that transfer restrictions are not required under applicable securities laws, or has otherwise satisfied itself that transfer restrictions are not required, all certificates representing shares of the corporation shall bear a legend on the face of the certificate, or on the reverse of the certificate if a reference to the legend is contained on the face, which reads substantially as follows or that substantially effects the same purpose:

 
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The securities evidenced by this certificate have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the " Act "), or applicable state securities laws, and no interest may be sold, distributed, assigned, offered, pledged or otherwise transferred unless (a) there is an effective registration statement under the Act and applicable state securities laws covering the transaction involving these securities, (b) the corporation receives an opinion of legal counsel for the holder of these securities satisfactory to the corporation stating that the transaction is exempt from registration, or (c) the corporation otherwise satisfies itself that the transaction is exempt from registration.
 
5.6
Transfer of Shares
 
The transfer of shares of the corporation shall be made only on the stock transfer books of the corporation pursuant to authorization or document of transfer made by the holder of record or by the holder's legal representative, who shall furnish proper evidence of authority to transfer, or by the holder's attorney-in-fact authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the corporation.  All certificates surrendered to the corporation for transfer shall be canceled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificates for a like number of shares have been surrendered and canceled.
 
5.7
Lost or Destroyed Certificates
 
In the case of a lost, destroyed or damaged certificate, a new certificate may be issued in its place upon terms and indemnity to the corporation as the Board may prescribe.
 
SECTION 6.  INDEMNIFICATION
 
6.1
Right to Indemnification
 
Each person who was, is or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved (including, without limitation, as a witness) in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, claim or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative and whether formal or informal (a " proceeding "), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the corporation or, that being or having been a director or officer of the corporation, he or she is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise (an " indemnitee "), whether the basis of a proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation against all losses, claims, damages (compensatory, exemplary, punitive or otherwise), liabilities and expenses (including attorneys' fees, costs, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, amounts to be paid in settlement and any other expenses) actually and reasonably incurred or suffered by the indemnitee in connection with the proceeding, and the indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer of the corporation or a director, officer partner, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee's heirs, executors and administrators.  Except as provided in Section 6.4 with respect to proceedings seeking to enforce rights to indemnification, the corporation shall indemnify the indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part of a proceeding) initiated by the indemnitee only if a proceeding (or part of a proceeding) was authorized or ratified by the Board.  The right to indemnification conferred in this Section shall be a contract right.

 
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6.2
Restrictions on Indemnification
 
No indemnification shall be provided to any indemnitee for acts or omissions of the indemnitee finally adjudged to be intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, for conduct of the indemnitee finally adjudged to be in violation of RCW 23B.08.310, for any transaction with respect to which it was finally adjudged that the indemnitee personally received a benefit in money, property or services to which the indemnitee was not legally entitled or if the corporation is otherwise prohibited by applicable law from paying indemnification.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if RCW 23B.08.560 is amended, the restrictions on indemnification set forth in this Section 6.2 shall be as set forth in the amended statutory provision.
 
6.3
Advancement of Expenses
 
The right to indemnification conferred in this Section shall include the right to be paid by the corporation the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition (an " advancement of expenses ").  An advancement of expenses shall be made upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking (an " undertaking "), by or on behalf of the indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified.
 
6.4
Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit
 
If a claim under Section 6.1 or 6.3 of these Bylaws is not paid in full by the corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be 20 days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim.  If successful in whole or in part, in any such suit or in a suit brought by the corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of litigating the suit.  The indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to indemnification under this Section upon submission of a written claim (and, in an action brought to enforce a claim for an advancement of expenses, when the required undertaking has been tendered to the corporation) and thereafter the corporation shall have the burden of proof to overcome the presumption that the indemnitee is so entitled.
 
6.5
Procedures Exclusive
 
Pursuant to RCW 23B.08.560(2) or any successor provision, the procedures for indemnification and the advancement of expenses set forth in this Section are in lieu of the procedures required by RCW 23B.08.550 or any successor provision.
 
6.6
Nonexclusivity of Rights
 
Except as set forth in Section 6.5 of these Bylaws, the right to indemnification and the advancement of expenses conferred in this Section shall not be exclusive of any other right that any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, general or specific action of the Board or shareholders, contract or otherwise.  Notwithstanding any amendment or repeal of this Section, or of any amendment or repeal of any of the procedures that may be established by the Board pursuant to this Section, any indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws and those procedures with respect to any acts or omissions of the indemnitee occurring prior to the amendment or repeal.

 
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6.7
Insurance, Contracts and Funding
 
The corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of the corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the corporation would have the authority or right to indemnify the person against the expense, liability or loss under the Washington Business Corporation Act or other law.  The corporation may enter into contracts with any director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of the corporation in furtherance of the provisions of this Section and may create a trust fund, grant a security interest or use other means (including, without limitation, a letter of credit) to ensure the payment of the amounts as may be necessary to effect indemnification as provided in this Section.
 
6.8
Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation
 
In addition to the rights of indemnification set forth in Section 6.1, the corporation may, by action of the Board, grant rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses to employees and agents or any class or group of employees and agents of the corporation (a) with the same scope and effect as the provisions of this Section with respect to indemnification and the advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the corporation; (b) pursuant to rights granted or provided by the Washington Business Corporation Act; or (c) as are otherwise consistent with law.
 
6.9
Persons Serving Other Entities
 
Any person who, while a director or officer of the corporation, is or was serving (a) as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation of which a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of its directors is held by the corporation or (b) as a partner, trustee or otherwise in an executive or management capacity in a partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which the corporation or a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation is a general partner or has a majority ownership, shall conclusively be deemed to be so serving at the request of the corporation and entitled to indemnification and the advancement of expenses under Sections 6.1 and 6.3.
 
SECTION 7.  GENERAL MATTERS
 
7.1
Accounting Year
 
The accounting year of the corporation shall be the calendar year, but if a different accounting year is at any time selected by the Board for purposes of federal income taxes, or any other purpose, the accounting year shall be the year so selected.
 
7.2
Amendment or Repeal of Bylaws
 
These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed and new Bylaws may be adopted by the Board, except that the Board may not amend or repeal any Bylaw that the shareholders have expressly provided, in amending or repealing the Bylaw, may not be amended or repealed by the Board.  The shareholders may also alter, amend and repeal these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws.  All Bylaws made by the Board may be amended, repealed, altered or modified by the shareholders.
 
7.3
Books and Records
 
The corporation shall:
 
 
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(a)           Keep as permanent records minutes of all meetings of its shareholders and the Board, a record of all actions taken by the shareholders or the Board without a meeting, and a record of all actions taken by a committee of the Board exercising the authority of the Board on behalf of the corporation.
 
(b)           Maintain appropriate accounting records.
 
(c)           Maintain or hire an agent to maintain a record of its shareholders, in a form that permits preparation of a list of the names and addresses of all shareholders, in alphabetical order by class of shares showing the number and class of shares held by each.
 
(d)           Maintain its records in written form or in another form capable of conversion into written form within a reasonable time.
 
(e)           Keep a copy of the following records at its principal office:
 
(i)  the Articles of Incorporation and all amendments thereto as currently in effect;
 
(ii)  these Bylaws and all amendments thereto as currently in effect;
 
(iii)  the minutes of all meetings of shareholders and records of all action taken by shareholders without a meeting, for the past three years;
 
(iv)  the financial statements described in RCW 23B.16.200(1), for the past three years;
 
(v)  all communications in the form of a record to shareholders generally within the past three years;
 
(vi)  a list of the names and business addresses of the current directors and officers; and
 
(vii)  the most recent annual report delivered to the Washington Secretary of State.
 
7.4
Contracts, Loans, Checks and Deposits
 
 
7.4.1
Contracts
 
The Board may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation.  The authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
 
 
7.4.2
Loans to the Corporation
 
No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the corporation and no evidences of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized by a resolution of the Board.  The authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
 
 
7.4.3
Checks, Drafts, Etc.
 
All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by the officer or officers, or agent or agents, of the corporation and in the manner from time to time determined by resolution of the Board.
 
 
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7.4.4
Deposits
 
All funds of the corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the corporation in banks, trust companies or other depositories selected by the Board.
 
7.5
Corporate Seal
 
The Board may provide for a corporate seal that shall consist of the name of the corporation, the state of its incorporation and the year of its incorporation.

 
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Exhibit 4.2

THIS WARRANT AND ANY SHARES ACQUIRED UPON THE EXERCISE OF THIS WARRANT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER SAID ACT OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT.

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION

WARRANT TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK

Warrant No.: ____

________________, 2011

This WARRANT TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK certifies that MDB Capital Group LLC, having an address at 401 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1020, Santa Monica, California 90401, or permitted assignees is the registered holder (the “ Holder ”) of this Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock (the “ Warrant ”) to purchase shares of the common stock, par value $.0001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), of ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the “ Company ”).  This Warrant has been issued to the Holder in connection with the closing of the private placement of up to $3,000,000 of Common Stock offered by the Company on or about the date hereof (the “ Offering ”).

FOR VALUE RECEIVED , the Company hereby certifies that the Holder is entitled to purchase from the Company ____________________ 1 duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock (the “ Warrant Shares ”) at a purchase price per share set forth in Section 3 below, and otherwise subject to the terms, conditions and adjustments set forth below in this Warrant.  The Holder is the person or entity in whose name this Warrant is registered on the records of the Company regarding registration and transfers of this Warrant (the “ Warrant Register ”) and is the owner and holder thereof for all purposes, except as described in Section 10 hereof.

1.            Exercise of Warrant .  This Warrant will be exercisable at any time, in the sole discretion of the Holder, commencing on the date hereof (the “ Commencement Date ”).

2.            Expiration of Warrant .  This Warrant shall expire on _______, 2016 (the “ Expiration Date ”).

3.            Warrant Price .  At any time through the Expiration Date, all or any portion of this Warrant may be exercised for Warrant Shares, in the Holder’s sole discretion, at a price equal to $2.75 per share, subject to adjustment as provided herein (the “ Warrant Price ”).

1
Equal to 10% of the securities issued in the Offering.

 
 

 
 
4.            Exercise of Warrant .  This Warrant shall be exercisable as follows:

4.1          Manner of Exercise .  This Warrant may be exercised into shares of Common Stock by the Holder hereof, in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof, in whole or in part with respect to any portion of this Warrant and in the discretion of the Holder, during the period beginning on the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date.  Any exercise shall be undertaken during normal business hours on any day other than a Saturday or a Sunday or a day on which commercial banking institutions in New York, New York, or Los Angeles, California are authorized by law to be closed (a “ Business Day ”) on or prior to the Expiration Date with respect to such portion of this Warrant, by surrender of this Warrant to the Company at its office maintained pursuant to Section 10.2(a) hereof, accompanied by an exercise notice in substantially the form attached to this Warrant as Exhibit A duly executed by or on behalf of the Holder together with the payment of the Warrant Price in cash by bank check or wire transfer of immediately available funds.

4.2          When Exercise Effective .  Each exercise of this Warrant shall be deemed to have been effected immediately prior to the close of business on the Business Day on which this Warrant shall have been surrendered to the Company as provided in Section 4.1 hereof (“ Exercise Date ”), and, at such time, the corporation, association, partnership, organization, business, individual, government or political subdivision thereof or a governmental agency (a “ Person ” or the “ Persons ”) in whose name or names any certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock shall be issuable upon exercise as provided herein shall be deemed to have become the holder or holders of record thereof.

4.3          Delivery of Stock Certificates .  As soon as practicable after each exercise of this Warrant, in whole or in part, and in any event within ten (10) Business Days thereafter, the Company, at its expense (including the payment by it of any applicable issue taxes), will cause to be issued in the name of and delivered to the Holder hereof or, subject to Section 10 hereof, as the Holder (upon payment by the Holder of any applicable transfer taxes) may direct:

(a)         a certificate or certificates (with appropriate restrictive legends, as applicable) for the number of duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock to which the Holder shall be entitled upon exercise plus, in lieu of any fractional share to which the Holder would otherwise be entitled, all issuances of Common Stock shall be rounded up to the nearest whole share.

(b)         in case exercise is in part only, a new Warrant of like tenor, dated the date hereof and stating on the face thereof for the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of shares called for on the face of this Warrant minus the number of shares designated by the Holder upon exercise as provided in Section 4.1 hereof (without giving effect to any adjustment thereof).

4.4          Shares to be Fully Paid .  The Company covenants and agrees that all shares of Common Stock which may be issued upon the exercise of rights presented by this Warrant will, upon issuance by the Company, be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and free from preemptive rights and free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect thereto.

4.5          Company to Reaffirm Obligations .  The Company will, at the time of each exercise of this Warrant, upon the written request of the Holder hereof, acknowledge in writing its continuing obligation to afford to the Holder all rights (including without limitation any rights to registration of the shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise) to which the Holder shall continue to be entitled after exercise in accordance with the terms of this Warrant; provided, however, that if the Holder shall fail to make a request, the failure shall not affect the continuing obligation of the Company to afford the rights to such Holder.

 
2

 

4.6          Cashless Exercise .  Notwithstanding anything in this Article 4 to the contrary, this Warrant may be exercised at any time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a certificate for the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B)(X)] by (A), where:
 
(A) = the Current Market Price;
 
(B) = the Warrant Price of this Warrant, as adjusted pursuant to Section 5 hereof; and
 
(X) = the number of shares of Common Stock then issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

The term “ Current Market Price ” means the average 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) (i) closing bid price over the five (5) trading days immediately preceding the date of such election, as such closing price is reported on the Bloomberg system or, if such system is not available, a similar quotation system reasonably acceptable to the Holder, or (ii), if there is no reported closing bid price for the day(s) in question, then the Current Market Price shall be determined based on the latest such dates for which  closing bid price information is available, unless such securities have not been traded on an exchange or in the over-the-counter market for at least five (5) trading days during the 30 day period immediately prior to the date of such election, in which case the Current Market Price shall be determined in good faith by, and reflected in a formal resolution of, the Board of Directors of the Company.

5.            Adjustments .

5.1          Anti-Dilution Protection .  The Warrant Price shall be subject to adjustment from time to time, as follows:

(a)         Except for any Exempt Issuances (as defined below), if the Company at any time prior to the Expiration Date issues, sells, transfers, or otherwise conveys any Common Stock or other equity securities of the Company or indebtedness or other securities convertible into other equity securities of the Company (the “ Issued Securities ”) at a price per share equivalent, assuming conversion into Common Stock (the “ Issuance Price ”), of less than the Warrant Price (as adjusted pursuant to this Section 5 ), on the date of issuance of the Issued Securities (the “ Issuance Date ”), then the Warrant Price shall be adjusted downward to a price determined by dividing:

(i)          the sum of (w) the Warrant Price in effect before the issuance of such Issued Securities multiplied by the sum of (I) the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock then issued and outstanding plus (II) the number of shares of Company preferred stock then issued as converted into shares of Common Stock immediately prior to the issuance of such Issued Securities and (x) the consideration, if any, received by or deemed to have been received by the Company on the issue of such Issued Securities by:
 
(ii)         the sum of (y) the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock then issued and outstanding plus the number of shares of the Company’s preferred stock then issued as converted into shares of Common Stock  immediately prior to the issuance of such Issued Securities and (z) the number of additional shares of Common Stock issued or deemed to have been issued in the issuance of such Issued Securities.

 
3

 

In no event shall the Warrant Price after giving effect to the issuance of such Issued Securities be greater than the Warrant Price immediately prior to the issuance of such Issued Securities.  “Exempt Issuances” shall mean the following:  (i) stock options issued to persons providing goods or services to the Company pursuant to a equity incentive plan approved by the Board of Directors of the Company, and shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to the exercise of such stock options; (ii) any stock options, warrants or shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to the exercise of such options and warrants and shares of Common Stock issued with respect to a transaction which the Board of Directors of the Company determines in good faith to be in the best interest of the Company and relating to strategic investments (i.e., investors who may provide benefits to the Company in addition to capital), strategic alliances or venture leasing, provided the purpose of the transaction is not to circumvent the provisions hereof that are intended to provide for an equitable adjustment to the Warrant Price; (iii) the issuance of shares of Common Stock in connection with any conversion of any equity securities, indebtedness or other securities of the Company existing as of the date hereof; (iv) the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company in connection with the purchase of the securities or purchase or leasing of certain of the assets of any other business entity, a merger, consolidation, business combination or similar transaction, the performance of services or a borrowing of money approved by the Board of Directors of the Company, provided the purpose of the transaction is not to circumvent the provisions hereof that are intended to provide for an equitable adjustment to the Warrant Price; and (v) issuances pursuant to Sections 5.2 and 5.3 of this Warrant.
 
(b)         In the event that the Issued Securities are not shares of Common Stock, then for purposes of determining the price at which such Issued Securities have been issued, the aggregate consideration paid for the Issued Securities shall be divided by the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Issued Securities into shares of Common Stock, all as determined as of the Issuance Date.

(c)         In the case of the issuance of Issued Securities for cash, the consideration shall be deemed to be the amount of cash paid.  In the case of the issuance of Issued Securities for a consideration in whole or in part other than cash, the consideration other than cash shall be deemed to be the fair value thereof as reasonably determined by the Company’s Board of Directors consistent with its fiduciary duties irrespective of any accounting treatment.

5.2          Splits, Subdivisions, etc .  In the event that the Company should at any time or from time to time, after the date first referenced above, fix a record date for the effectuation of a split or subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in additional shares of Common Stock or other securities or rights convertible into, or entitling the holder thereof to receive directly or indirectly additional shares of Common Stock (hereinafter referred to as “ Common Stock Equivalents ”) without payment of any consideration by such holder for the additional shares of Common Stock or the Common Stock Equivalents (including the additional shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise thereof), then, as of such record date (or the date of such dividend, distribution, split or subdivision if no record date is fixed), the Warrant Price shall be appropriately decreased so that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of this Warrant shall be increased in proportion to such increase in the aggregate number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding.

5.3          Combinations .  If the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at any time after the date first referenced above is decreased by a combination of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, then, following the record date of such combination, the Warrant Price shall be appropriately increased so that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares.

5.4          Notice of Adjustments .  Upon any adjustment of the terms of this Warrant pursuant to this Section 5 , then and in each such case the Company shall promptly deliver a notice to the registered Holder of this Warrant, which notice shall state the Warrant Price resulting from such adjustment and the changes, if any, in the number of Warrant Shares or kind of securities or other property purchasable at such price upon the exercise hereof, setting forth in reasonable detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is based.

 
4

 

5.5          Adjustment in Number of Securities .  Upon each adjustment of the Warrant Price pursuant to the provisions of this Section 5 , the number of securities issuable upon the exercise of each Warrant shall be adjusted to the nearest full amount by multiplying a number equal to the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment and dividing the product so obtained by the adjusted Warrant Price.

5.6          No Fractional Shares .  No fractional shares shall be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant and the number of Warrant Shares to be issued shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share.
 
6.            Reservation of Shares .  The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock, free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue thereof, and not subject to preemptive rights or other similar rights of stockholders of the Company, solely for the purpose of issuing the shares of Common Stock underlying this Warrant, such number of its shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the issuance or exercise thereof, and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock shall not be sufficient to issue the Common Stock and effect the exercise of this Warrant, in addition to such other remedies as shall be available to Holder, the Company shall take such corporate action as may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary to increase the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to such number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purposes, including without limitation, using its best efforts to obtain the requisite stockholder approval necessary to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s Common Stock.  All shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be duly authorized and, when issued upon exercise, shall be validly issued and, in the case of shares, fully paid and nonassessable and free from preemptive rights and free from taxes, liens and charges with respect thereto.

7.            No Impairment .  The Company will not, by amendment of its charter or through reorganization, consolidation, merger, dissolution, sale of assets or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant but will at all times carry out all such terms and take all such action as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate in order to protect the rights of the holder of this Warrant against impairment.

8.            Restrictions on Transfer .

8.1          Restrictive Legends .  This Warrant and each Warrant issued upon transfer or in substitution for this Warrant pursuant to Section 10 , each certificate for Common Stock issued upon the exercise of any Warrant and each certificate issued upon the transfer of any such Common Stock shall be transferable only upon satisfaction of the conditions specified in this Section 8 .  Each of the foregoing securities shall be stamped or otherwise imprinted with a legend reflecting the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 8 and any restrictions required under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”).

 
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8.2          Notice of Proposed Transfer; Opinion of Counsel .  Prior to any transfer of any securities which are not registered under an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (“ Restricted Securities ”), the Holder will give written notice to the Company of the Holder's intention to affect a transfer and to comply in all other respects with this Section 8.2 .  Each notice: shall describe the manner and circumstances of the proposed transfer   If in the opinion of counsel the proposed transfer may be effected without registration of Restricted Securities under the Securities Act (which opinion shall state the basis of the legal conclusions reached therein), the Holder shall thereupon be entitled to transfer the Restricted Securities in accordance with the terms of the notice delivered by the Holder to the Company.  The opinion of counsel referenced in this Section 8.2 shall be provided by counsel to the Company within three (3) business days of the foregoing notice, at the Company’s expense, or, may, at the Holder’s option, be provided by counsel to the Holder and the Company shall reimburse Holder for such expense, subject to such legal opinion being reasonably satisfactory to the Company.  Each certificate representing the Restricted Securities issued upon or in connection with any transfer shall bear the restrictive legends required by Section 8.1 hereof.

8.3          Termination of Restrictions .  The restrictions imposed by this Section 8 upon the transferability of Restricted Securities shall cease and terminate as to any particular Restricted Securities: (a) which Restricted Securities shall have been effectively registered under the Securities Act, or (b) when, in the opinions of both counsel for the Holder thereof and counsel for the Company, such restrictions are no longer required in order to insure compliance with the Act or Section 8 hereof.  Whenever such restrictions shall cease and terminate as to any Restricted Securities, the Holder thereof shall be entitled to receive from the Company, without expense (other than applicable transfer taxes, if any), new securities of like tenor not bearing the applicable legends required by Section 8.1 hereof.

9.             Registration of Common Stock and Warrant Shares .

(a)          Demand Registration .  If the Company shall receive at any time prior to the Expiration Date, a written request from the Holder that the Company file a Registration Statement under the Securities Act covering the registration of Registrable Securities (as hereinafter defined), then the Company shall, within twenty (20) days of the receipt thereof, use reasonable best efforts to file the registration under the Securities Act of all Registrable Securities of the Holder subject to such written request and shall cause such Registration Statement to become effective within forty-five (45) days of such filing date or ninety (90) days of such filing date if the SEC commences a full review of such Registration Statement.  The term “ Registrable Securities ” means (i) all shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder in connection with the Offering or any subsequent offerings pursuant to that certain Engagement Letter by and between the Company and the Holder dated February __, 2011, (ii) all shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder pursuant to that certain Consulting Agreement by and between the Company and the Holder dated February __, 2011, (iii) the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise or otherwise pursuant to this Warrant and (iv) any shares of capital stock issued or issuable in exchange for or otherwise with respect to the foregoing, and the term “ Registration Statement ” means a registration statement of the Company under the Securities Act which the Company may or is obligated to file hereunder.  The Company’s obligations under this Section 9(a) shall be limited to [one] Registration Statement that has been declared effective.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to effect a registration pursuant to this Section 9(a) either (i) prior to [__________ __, 20__] or (ii) during the period starting with the date sixty (60) days prior to the Company’s good faith estimate of the date of the filing of and ending on a date ninety (90) days following the effective date of a Company-initiated registration subject to Section 9(b) below for which the Company will provide for participation by the Holder; provided that, in the case of clause (ii), the Company is actively employing in good faith reasonable best efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become effective; or

 
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(b)          Piggy-Back Registrations .  In the event that all Registrable Securities are not  registered for resale, should the Company at any time prior to the Expiration Date, determine to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“ SEC ”) a Registration Statement relating to an offering for its own account or the account of others under the Securities Act of any of its equity securities (other than on Form S-4 or Form S-8 or their then equivalents relating to equity securities to be issued solely in connection with any acquisition of any entity or business or equity securities issuable in connection with stock option or other bona fide employee benefit plans), the Company shall send to the Holder written notice of such determination and, if within twenty (20) days after the effective date of such notice in accordance with Section 13 hereof, the Holder shall so request in writing, the Company shall include in such Registration Statement all or any part of the Registrable Securities the Holder requests to be registered.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company may withdraw any Registration Statement referred to in this Section 9(b) without incurring any liability to the Holder provided that upon such withdrawal, the Company’s obligations under this Section 9(b) shall remain in effect.  The Company’s obligations under this Section 9(b) shall be limited to two Registration Statements that have been declared effective.
 
(c)          Obligations of the Company .  In connection with the registration of the Registrable Securities in accordance with this Section 9 , the Company shall have the following obligations:

(i)          The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement, providing for the registration of the offer and sale of the Registrable Securities by the Holder.  For purposes of this Section 9 , the terms “ register ,” “ registered ,” and “ registration ” refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing a Registration Statement or Statements in compliance with the Securities Act and pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or any successor rule providing for offering securities on a continuous basis (“ Rule 415 ”), and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such Registration Statement by the SEC; provided, however, if the Holder in good faith determines that under applicable SEC interpretations, rules or policies a Rule 415 registration would not, in light of the circumstances of the Company or the proposed offering, permit the resale of all of the Registrable Securities immediately after effectiveness, or material limitations would be imposed on any such resale, then the registration shall be on Form S-1 or such other form that permits the maximum ability of holders of Registrable Securities to effectuate an unrestricted resale of such securities.  Upon effectiveness, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep such Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 at all times until such date as is the earlier of:  (i) the date on which all of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement have been sold and (ii) the one (1) year anniversary of the date such Registration Statement became effective under the Securities Act (the “ Registration Period ”).
 
(ii)         The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to the Registration Statements and the prospectus used in connection with the Registration Statements as may be necessary to keep the Registration Statements effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by the Registration Statements.  In the event the number of shares available under a Registration Statement filed pursuant to this Agreement is insufficient to cover all of the Registrable Securities issued or issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the Company shall use reasonable best efforts to amend the Registration Statement, or file a new Registration Statement (on the short form available therefor, if applicable), or both, so as to cover all of the Registrable Securities, in each case, as soon as practicable, but in any event within twenty (20) days after the necessity therefor arises (based on the market price of the Common Stock and other relevant factors on which the Company reasonably elects to rely).  The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause such amendment and/or new Registration Statement to become effective as soon as reasonably practicable following the filing thereof.

 
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(iii)         If requested by the Holder, the Company shall furnish to the Holder:  (i) promptly (but in no event more than two (2) business days) after the same is prepared and publicly distributed, filed with the SEC, or received by the Company, one copy of each Registration Statement and any amendment thereto, each preliminary prospectus and prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto, and each letter written by or on behalf of the Company to the SEC or the staff of the SEC, and each item of correspondence from the SEC or the staff of the SEC, in each case relating to the Holder as a “Selling Stockholder” (but not any portion of such letters and correspondence that the Company believes would constitute material and non-public information of the Company or any portion that contains information for which the Company has sought confidential treatment), and (ii) promptly (but in no event more than two (2) business days) after the Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, such number of copies of a final prospectus and all amendments and supplements thereto and such other documents as the Holder may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by the Holder.  The Company will promptly notify the Holder by facsimile of the effectiveness of each Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment.  The Company will, as promptly as reasonably practical, respond to any and all comments received from the SEC (which comments relating to such Registration Statement that pertain to the Holder as a “Selling Stockholder” shall promptly be made available to the Holder upon request; provided that, the Company shall not be obligated to make available any comments that would result in the disclosure to the Holder of material and non-public information concerning the Company or that contain information for which the Company has sought confidential treatment), with a view towards causing each Registration Statement or any amendment thereto to be declared effective by the SEC as soon as practicable, shall promptly file an acceleration request as soon as practicable following the resolution or clearance of all SEC comments or, if applicable, following notification by the SEC that any such Registration Statement or any amendment thereto will not be subject to review and, if required by law, shall promptly file with the SEC a final prospectus as soon as practicable following receipt by the Company from the SEC of an order declaring the Registration Statement effective.
 
(iv)        The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to:  (i) register and qualify the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statements under such other securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Holder reasonably requests, (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Registration Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Registration Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided , however , that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to:  (a) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 9(c)(iv) , (b) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, (c) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction, (d) provide any undertakings that cause the Company undue expense or burden, or (e) make any change in its charter or bylaws, which in each case the Board of Directors of the Company determines to be contrary to the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.
 
(v)         As promptly as reasonably practicable after becoming aware of such event, the Company shall notify the Holder of the happening of any event, of which the Company has knowledge, as a result of which the prospectus included in any Registration Statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.  Following the occurrence of such event, as promptly as reasonably practicable under the circumstances taking into account the Company’s good faith assessment of any adverse consequences to the Company and its stockholders of the premature disclosure of such event, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to prepare a supplement or amendment to any Registration Statement to correct such untrue statement or omission, and deliver such number of copies of such supplement or amendment to the Holder as the Holder may reasonably request; provided , that the Company shall promptly:  (i) notify the Holder in writing of the existence of (but in no event, without the prior written consent of the Holder, shall the Company disclose to such investor any of the facts or circumstances regarding) material non-public information and (ii) advise the Holder in writing to cease all sales under such Registration Statement until such time as the Company elects to disclose such material non-public information.

 
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(vi)        The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of any Registration Statement, and, if such an order is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order at the earliest possible moment and to notify the Holder who holds Registrable Securities being sold (or, in the event of an underwritten offering, the managing underwriters) of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof.
 
(vii)       The Company shall permit a single firm of legal counsel designated by the Holder to review such Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto (as well as all requests for acceleration or effectiveness thereof), a reasonable period of time prior to  filing with the SEC, and not file any document in a form to which such counsel reasonably objects and will not request acceleration of such Registration Statement without prior notice to such counsel.  The fees of counsel for such review shall not exceed $5,000.  The sections of such Registration Statement covering information with respect to the Holder, the Holder’s beneficial ownership of securities of the Company or the Holder’s intended method of disposition of Registrable Securities shall conform to the information provided to the Company by the Holder.
 
(viii)      In connection with an underwritten offering only, the Company shall furnish, on the date that Registrable Securities are delivered to an underwriter for sale in connection with any Registration Statement:  (i) an opinion, dated as of such date, from counsel representing the Company for purposes of such Registration Statement, in form, scope and substance as is customarily given in an underwritten public offering, addressed to the underwriters, if any, and the Holder and (ii) a letter, dated such date, from the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm in form and substance as is customarily given by independent certified public accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public offering, addressed to the underwriters, if any, and the Holder.
 
(ix)         The Company shall make available for inspection during reasonable business hours by:  (i) the Holder, (ii) any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to a Registration Statement, (iii) one firm of attorneys and one firm of accountants or other agents retained by the Holder and (iv) one firm of attorneys retained by all such underwriters (if any) (collectively, the “ Inspectors ”) all pertinent financial and other records, and pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company, including without limitation, records of conversions by other holders of convertible securities issued by the Company and the issuance of stock to such holders pursuant to the conversions (collectively, the “ Records ”), as shall be reasonably deemed necessary by each Inspector to enable each Inspector to exercise its due diligence responsibility, and cause the Company’s officers, directors and employees to supply all information which any Inspector may reasonably request for purposes of such due diligence; provided, however , that each Inspector shall hold in confidence and shall not make any disclosure (except to the Holder and the other Inspectors) of any Record or other information which the Company determines in good faith to be confidential, and of which determination the Inspectors are so notified, unless:  (a) the disclosure of such Records is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement, (b) the release of such Records is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court or government body of competent jurisdiction, or (c) the information in such Records has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this or any other agreement.  The Company shall not be required to comply with this Section 9(c)(ix) or otherwise disclose any confidential information in such Records to any Inspector until and unless such Inspector shall have entered into confidentiality agreements (in form and substance satisfactory to the Company) with the Company with respect thereto, substantially in the form of this Section 9(c)(ix) .  The Holder agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such Records is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt notice to the Company and allow the Company, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, the Records deemed confidential.  Nothing herein (or in any other confidentiality agreement between the Company and the Holder) shall be deemed to limit the Holder’s ability to sell Registrable Securities in a manner which is otherwise consistent with applicable laws and regulations.

 
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(x)          The Company shall hold in confidence and not make any disclosure of information concerning the Holder provided to the Company unless:  (i) disclosure of such information is necessary to comply with federal or state securities laws or the Company’s obligations under this Agreement, (ii) the disclosure of such information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement, (iii) the release of such information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction, or (iv) such information has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this or any other agreement.  The Company agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such information concerning the Holder is sought in or by a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt notice to the Holder prior to making such disclosure, and allow the Holder, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, such information.
 
(xi)         The Company shall take all reasonable efforts to cause all the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement to be listed on the OTC bulletin board or a NASDAQ exchange.
 
(xii)        The Company shall provide a transfer agent and registrar, which may be a single entity, for the Registrable Securities not later than the effective date of the Registration Statement.
 
(xiii)       The Company shall cooperate with the Holder and the managing underwriter or underwriters, if any, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legends) representing Registrable Securities to be offered pursuant to a Registration Statement and enable such certificates to be in such denominations or amounts, as the case may be, as the managing underwriter or underwriters, if any, or the Holder may reasonably request and registered in such names as the managing underwriter or underwriters, if any, or the Holder may request.  Within three (3) business days after a Registration Statement which includes Registrable Securities is ordered effective by the SEC, the Company shall deliver, and shall cause legal counsel selected by the Company to deliver, to the transfer agent for the Registrable Securities (with copies to the Holder) a customary instruction letter and opinion of such counsel to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legends) representing Registrable Securities.
 
(xiv)      At the request of the Holder, the Company shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to a Registration Statement and any prospectus used in connection with the Registration Statement as may be necessary in order to change the plan of distribution set forth in such Registration Statement.
 
(xv)       From and after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall not, and shall not agree to, allow the holders of any securities of the Company, other than the Holder, to include any of their securities in any Registration Statement under Section 9(a) hereof or any amendment or supplement thereto under Section 9(c)(ii) hereof without the consent of the Holder.

 
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(xvi)      The Company shall take all other reasonable actions necessary to expedite and facilitate disposition by the Holder of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement.
 
(d)          Obligations of the Holder .  In connection with the registration of the Registrable Securities in accordance with this Section 9 , the Holder shall have the following obligations:

(i)          It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company to include any Holder’s Registrable Securities in any Registration Statement that Holder shall timely furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it, the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it and any other information as shall be reasonably required to effect the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall provide such information and execute such documents in connection with such registration as the Company may reasonably request.  At least five (5) business days prior to the first anticipated filing date of the Registration Statement, the Company shall notify the Holder of the information the Company requires from the Holder.
 
(ii)         The Holder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 9(c)(v) or 9(c)(vi) , the Holder will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement covering such Registrable Securities until the Holder’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 9(c)(v) or 9(c)(vi) and, if so directed by the Company, the Holder shall deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) or destroy (and deliver to the Company a certificate of destruction) all copies in the Holder’s possession, of the prospectus covering such Registrable Securities current at the time of receipt of such notice.
 
(iii)        The Holder may not participate in any underwritten registration in connection with a registration pursuant to Section 9(b) hereof unless the Holder:  (i) agrees to sell their Registrable Securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements in usual and customary form entered into by the Company, (ii) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements, and (iii) agrees to pay its pro rata share of all underwriting discounts and commissions and any expenses in excess of those payable by the Company pursuant to Section 9(d) below.
 
(iv)        The Holder covenants and agrees that it will comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act as applicable to it or an exemption therefrom in connection with the offer and sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement.
 
(d)          Expenses of Registration .  All reasonable expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to Sections 9(a) , 9(b) and 9(c) , including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualification fees, printers and accounting fees, the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel selected by the Holder pursuant to Section 9(c)(vii) hereof shall be borne by the Company.

(e)          Indemnification . In the event any Registrable Securities are included in a Registration Statement under this Agreement:

 
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(i)          To the extent permitted by law, the Company will indemnify, hold harmless and defend:  (i) the Holder, (ii) the directors, officers, partners, employees, agents and each person who controls the Holder within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), if any, (iii) any underwriter (as defined in the Securities Act) for the Holder, and (iv) the directors, officers, partners, employees and each person who controls any such underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, if any (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”), against any joint or several losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (collectively, together with actions, proceedings or inquiries by any regulatory or self-regulatory organization, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof, “ Claims ”) to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims arise out of or are based upon:  (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in a Registration Statement under which the Registrable Securities were registered or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus if used prior to the effective date of such Registration Statement, or contained in the final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which the statements therein were made, not misleading; or (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder relating to the registration or qualification under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or state securities laws (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii) being, collectively, “ Violations ”).  Subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 9(c)(iii) with respect to the number of legal counsel, the Company shall reimburse the Indemnified Person, promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any reasonable legal fees or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 9(e)(i) :  (i) shall not apply to, and the Company shall not be liable to any Indemnified Person for, a Claim arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by any Indemnified Person or underwriter for such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of such Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto; (ii) shall not apply to, and the Company shall not be liable to any Indemnified Person for, amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; and (iii) with respect to any preliminary prospectus, shall not inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Person if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the preliminary prospectus was corrected on a timely basis in the prospectus, as then amended or supplemented.  Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Holder pursuant to Section 9(h) .
 
(ii)         In connection with any Registration Statement in which the Holder is participating, the Holder agrees severally and not jointly to indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner set forth in Section 9(e)(i) , the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement, each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, legal counsel and accountants for the Company, any underwriter and any other stockholder selling securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or any of its directors or officers or any person who controls such stockholder or underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (collectively and together with an Indemnified Person, an “ Indemnified Party ”), against any Claim to which any of them may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim arises out of or is based upon any Violation by the Holder, in each case to the extent (and only to the extent) that such Violation occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Holder expressly for use in connection with such Registration Statement (or any amendment or supplement thereto); and subject to Section 9(e)(iii) the Holder will reimburse any legal or other expenses (promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable) reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Parties in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; provided, however , that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 9(e)(ii) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Holder, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, further, however , that the Holder shall be liable under this Agreement (including this Section 9(e)(ii) and Section 9(f) ) for only that amount as does not exceed the net proceeds to the Holder as a result of the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement, except in the case of gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct by the Holder.  Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Holder pursuant to Section 9 . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 9(e)(ii) with respect to any preliminary prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Party if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the preliminary prospectus was corrected on a timely basis in the prospectus, as then amended or supplemented.

 
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(iii)        Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 9(e) of notice of the commencement of any action (including any governmental action), such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 9(e) , deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be; provided, however , that an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding.  The indemnifying party shall pay for only one separate legal counsel for the Indemnified Persons or the Indemnified Parties, as applicable, and if the Indemnified Parties is the Holder under Section 9(e)(i) above, such legal counsel shall be selected by the Holder to which the Claim relates, if the Holder is entitled to indemnification hereunder, or the Company, if the Company is entitled to indemnification hereunder, as applicable.  The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 9(e) , except to the extent that the indemnifying party is actually prejudiced in its ability to defend such action.  The indemnification required by this Section 9(e) shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as such expense, loss, damage or liability is incurred and is due and payable.
 
(f)           Contribution . To the extent any indemnification by an indemnifying party is prohibited or limited by law, the indemnifying party agrees to make the maximum contribution with respect to any amounts for which it would otherwise be liable under Section 9(e) to the fullest extent permitted by law; provided, however , that:  (i) no contribution shall be made under circumstances where the maker would not have been liable for indemnification under the fault standards set forth in Section 9(e) , (ii) no seller of Registrable Securities guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any seller of Registrable Securities who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation, and (iii) contribution (together with any indemnification or other obligations under this Agreement) by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited in amount to the net amount of proceeds received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities, except in the case of gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud by such seller.

 
13

 

(g)          Reports Under the Exchange Act . With a view to making available to the Holder the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit the investors to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration (“ Rule 144 ”), the Company agrees to:
 
(i)          make and keep adequate public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144, at all times after the effective date of any Registration Statement filed by the Company hereunder;
 
(ii)         use its reasonable best efforts to file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so long as the Company remains subject to such requirements (it being understood that nothing herein shall limit the Company’s obligations under Section 4(a) of the Securities Purchase Agreement) and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144 at any time after the Company has become subject to such reporting requirements; and
 
(iii)        furnish to the Holder so long as the Holder owns Registrable Securities, promptly upon request:  (i) to the extent accurate, a written statement by the Company that it has complied with the reporting requirements of Rule 144, the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after the Company has become subject to such reporting requirements) and (ii) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit the Holder to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration (at any time after the Company has become subject to the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act).
 
(h)          Assignment of Registration Rights; Survival Following Exercise .

(i)          The registration rights under this Warrant shall be automatically assignable by the Holder to any transferee of all or any portion of Registrable Securities if: (i) the Holder agrees in writing with the transferee or assignee to assign such rights with respect to such transferred Registrable Securities (which shall not affect the Holder’s registration rights with respect to any Registrable Securities not so transferred), and a copy of such agreement is furnished to the Company promptly after such assignment, (ii) the Company is, promptly after such transfer or assignment furnished with written notice of (a) the name and address of such transferee or assignee, and (b) the securities with respect to which such registration rights are being transferred or assigned, (iii) following such transfer or assignment, the further disposition of such securities by the transferee or assignee is restricted under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, (iv) at or before the time the Company receives the written notice contemplated by clause (ii) of this sentence, the transferee or assignee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by all of the provisions contained in this Section 9 , and (v) such transferee shall be an “accredited investor” as that term defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.  In the event the Holder transfers this Warrant in whole or in part in accordance with Section 10.2(c) , the rights of the Holder and all other holders of warrants received in exchange for Warrant No: [______] 2 or in exchange for any successor warrants thereto (each a “ Rights Holder ” and collectively, “ Rights Holders ”), to request a registration pursuant to Sections 9(a) or 9(b) or to take the actions set forth in Sections 9(c)(vii) , (xiv) or (xv) , may be taken on behalf of all Rights Holders by Rights Holders representing a majority of the Registrable Securities (determined by reference to each Rights Holder’s pro rata share of the aggregate  number of shares of Common Stock held or exercisable by all Rights Holders at such time).


2
Insert here the Warrant number for this original warrant.

 
14

 

(ii)           For the avoidance of any doubt, the registration rights under this Warrant shall survive and continue to apply with respect to all Registrable Securities following the exercise of this Warrant, whether such exercise occurs in whole or in part.

10.           Ownership, Transfer and Substitution of Warrant .

10.1        Ownership of Warrant .  The Company may treat the person in whose name this Warrant is registered in the Warrant Register maintained pursuant to Section 10.2(b) hereof as the owner and holder thereof for all purposes, notwithstanding any notice to the contrary, except that, if and when any Warrant is properly assigned in blank, the Company may (but shall not be obligated to) treat the bearer thereof as the owner of such Warrant for all purposes, notwithstanding any notice to the contrary.  Subject to Section 8 hereof, this Warrant, if properly assigned, may be exercised by a new holder without a new Warrant first having been issued.

10.2        Office; Transfer and Exchange of Warrant .

(a)         The Company will maintain its principal offices as the office where notices, presentations and demands in respect of this Warrant may be made upon it until the Company notifies the holder of this Warrant of any change of location of the office.

(b)         The Company shall cause to be kept at its office maintained pursuant to Section 10.2(a) hereof a Warrant Register for the registration and transfer of this Warrant.  The names and addresses of holders of this Warrant, the transfers thereof and the names and addresses of transferees of this Warrant shall be registered in such Warrant Register.  The Person in whose name any Warrant shall be so registered shall be deemed and treated as the owner and holder thereof for all purposes of this Warrant, and the Company shall not be affected by any notice or knowledge to the contrary.

(c)         Subject to compliance with Sections 8 and 9(h) hereof, this Warrant and  the rights evidenced hereby, may be transferred by the Holder in full or in part.  Upon the surrender of this Warrant, properly endorsed, for registration of transfer or for exchange at the office of the Company maintained pursuant to Section 10.2(a) hereof, the Company at its expense will (subject to compliance with Section 8 hereof, if applicable) execute and deliver to or upon the order of the Holder thereof a new Warrant or Warrants of like tenor, in the name of such holder or as such holder (upon payment by such holder of any applicable transfer taxes) may direct, calling in the aggregate on the face thereof for the number of shares of Common Stock called for on the face of this Warrant so surrendered.

10.3        Replacement of Warrant .  Upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant and, in the case of any such loss, theft or destruction of this Warrant, upon delivery of indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Company in form and amount or, in the case of any mutilation, upon surrender of this Warrant for cancellation at the office of the Company maintained pursuant to Section 10.2(a) hereof, the Company at its expense will execute and deliver, in lieu thereof, a new Warrant of like tenor and dated the date hereof.

11.          No Rights or Liabilities as Stockholder .  No Holder shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of any shares of Common Stock or any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise hereof for any purpose, nor shall anything contained herein be construed to confer upon the Holder, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether upon any recapitalization, issuance of stock, reclassification of stock, change of par value, consolidation, merger, conveyance, or otherwise) or to receive notice of meetings, or to receive dividends or subscription rights or otherwise until this Warrant shall have been exercised and the shares of Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise hereof shall have become deliverable, as provided herein.  The Holder will not be entitled to share in the assets of the Company in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of the Company.

 
15

 

12.           Notices of Record Date, etc .  In case the Company shall take a record of the holders of its Common Stock (or other stock or securities at the time deliverable upon the exercise of this Warrant) for the purpose of entitling or enabling them to receive any dividend or other distribution, or to receive any right to subscribe for or purchase any shares of stock of any class or any other securities, or to receive any other right; or of any capital reorganization of the Company, any reclassification of the capital stock of the Company, any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the surviving entity), or any transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (any such event, a “ Merger or Consolidation ”); or of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company, then, and in each such case, the Company will mail or cause to be mailed to the registered holder of this Warrant a notice specifying, as the case may be: (i) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution or right, and stating the amount and character of such dividend, distribution or right, or (ii) the effective date on which such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is to take place, and the time, if any is to be fixed, as of which the holders of record of Common Stock (or such other stock or securities at the time deliverable upon the exercise of this Warrant) shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock (or such other stock or securities) for securities or other property deliverable upon such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up.  Such notice shall be mailed at least ten (10) days prior to the record date or effective date for the event specified in such notice unless such prior notice is waived by the registered holder of this Warrant.

13.           Notices .  Any notice or other communication in connection with this Warrant shall be deemed to be given if in writing (or in the form of a facsimile) addressed as hereinafter provided and actually delivered at said address: (a) if to any Holder, at the registered address of such holder as set forth in the Warrant Register kept at the office of the Company maintained pursuant to Section 10.2(b) hereof, or (b) if to the Company, to the attention of its Chief Executive Officer at its office maintained pursuant to Section 10.2(a) hereof; provided, however, that the exercise of any Warrant shall be effective in the manner provided in Section 4 hereof.

14.           Payment of Taxes .  The Company will pay all documentary stamp taxes attributable to the issuance of shares of Common Stock underlying this Warrant upon exercise of this Warrant; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the registration of any certificate for shares of Common Stock underlying this Warrant in a name other that of the Holder.  The Holder is responsible for all other tax liability that may arise as a result of holding or transferring this Warrant or receiving shares of Common Stock underlying this Warrant upon exercise hereof.
 
15.           Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial .  This Warrant shall be enforced, governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington applicable to agreements made and to be performed entirely within such state, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law.

16.           Representations and Warranties of the Company .  The Company hereby makes, and the Holder is entitled to rely upon, the same representations and warranties made by the Company under the subscription agreements entered into in connection with the Offering, which representations and warranties are incorporated herein by reference; provided, however, that the term “Transaction Documents” used in the subscription agreements shall be deemed to include this Warrant.

 
16

 

17.          Miscellaneous .  Subject to Section 9(h)(i) with respect to actions permitted by Rights Holders representing a majority of the Registrable Securities, any provision of this Warrant and the observance of any term hereof may be amended, waived or modified (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively) only with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.  If one or more provisions of this Warrant are held to be unenforceable under applicable law, such provisions shall be excluded from this Warrant, and the balance of this Warrant shall be interpreted as if such provisions were so excluded and shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms.  The section headings in this Warrant are for purposes of convenience only and shall not constitute a part hereof.  Nothing in this Warrant shall limit the rights of MDB Capital Group LLC contained in that certain letter agreement, dated as of June 9, 2010, between MDB Capital Group LLC and the Company.

[ remainder of page intentionally left blank ]

 
17

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the Company has caused this Warrant to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
By:
   
 
Name:
 
 
Title:
 

 
18

 

EXHIBIT A

PURCHASE FORM

To: ClearSign Combustion Corporation

Dated:____________

The undersigned, pursuant to the provisions set forth in the attached Warrant (No. ___), hereby elects to [check applicable subsection] :

________
(a)
Purchase ____________ shares of ________________ of ClearSign Combustion Corporation pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant and payment of the Warrant Price per share required under such Warrant accompanies this notice;
     
 
OR
 
     
________
(b)
Exercise the attached Warrant for [all of the shares] [______ of the shares] [ cross out inapplicable phrase ] purchasable under the Warrant pursuant to the cashless exercise provisions of Section 4.6 of such Warrant.

Please issue a certificate or certificates representing said shares of ClearSign Combustion Corporation the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

     
 
Print or Type Name
 
     
     
  (Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of Warrant)
     
     
 
(Street Address)
 
     
     
 
(City)                       (State)        (Zip Code)
 

 
 

 

MDB CAPITAL GROUP LLC
CONSULTING AGREEMENT
 
February 14, 2011
 
Richard Rutkowski
Chief Executive Officer
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
12201 Tukwila International Blvd.
Seattle, WA 98168

Re: Intellectual Property and Business Strategy Consulting
 
Dear Mr. Rutkowski:
 
The purpose of this consulting letter agreement (this “Agreement”) is to acknowledge that, since July 2010,  MDB Capital Group, LLC (“MDB”) has been providing consulting services to ClearSign Combustion Corporation (the “Company”), as set forth on Exhibit A to this Agreement (the “Original Services”), and to set forth the terms and conditions by which MDB will continue to provide intellectual property strategy consulting and other business strategy consulting related services (the “Continuing Services”) to the Company.

1.             Acknowledgement of Receipt of Original Services .   The Company acknowledges that in July 2010 the Company requested assistance from MDB with various matters relating to its business, including obtaining introductions to individuals who could be of assistance to the Company in developing its technology.  The Company acknowledges that, following negotiations, MDB agreed to provide the Original Services in exchange for shares of the Company’s common stock having a value of $1 million.  The Company acknowledges that all of the Original Services have been provided as of the date of this Agreement, but that payment for the Original Services has not been made.

2.            Consulting Services .  The Company continues to develop its technology and believes that it may, in the future, require additional services from MDB.  Therefore, the Company hereby engages MDB as an independent contractor to perform Continuing Services as may be agreed to in writing by the Company and MDB from time to time.
 
3.             Term .   The term of this Agreement shall be for a period of 6 months from the date of execution hereof (the “Effective Date”).  This Agreement may be cancelled by either party upon the giving of a 30 day advance written notice to the other party.  Notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement, the Company’s obligation to pay MDB any compensation described in this Agreement that has accrued prior to the date of termination shall survive the termination of this Agreement and continue until such obligations have been satisfied in full.
 
4.             Compensation .   In consideration of the performance of Continuing Services by MDB from the date hereof until the termination of this Agreement, the Company agrees to pay MDB a fee to be mutually agreed to in writing between MDB and the Company from time to time.  In consideration of the Original Services, the Company shall issue to MDB 363,636 shares of its common stock (the “Consulting Shares”), which the Company and MDB agree have a value of $2.75 per share.  The Consulting Shares shall have standard demand and piggyback registration rights, the exact terms of which will be agreed upon in a separate agreement by the parties.
 
5.             Independent Contractor .  MDB agrees and acknowledges that it is an independent contractor with the Company, and that it has not been an employee of the Company in rendering the Original Services and that it will not be an employee of the Company during the term of this Agreement.  MDB retains the discretion in performing the tasks assigned, within the scope of work specified in this Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of the Company.  MDB further agrees that it shall be solely responsible for all taxes due and owing on the amounts paid to it under this Agreement, including the amount paid for the Original Services, and including, without limitation, for the withholding of applicable taxes.

 
 

 

6.             Approval of Professionals .   MDB and the Company will mutually agree upon the retention of all professionals related to the Services.
 
7.             Notices.   Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given to any party hereunder with respect to this Agreement (including the term hereof) shall be in writing and shall be given to such party at such party’s address set forth below or such other address as such party may hereafter specify by notice in writing to the other party.  Any such notice or other communication shall be addressed as aforesaid and given by (a) certified mail, return receipt requested, with first class postage prepaid, (b) hand delivery, or (c) reputable overnight courier.  Any notice or other communication will be deemed to have been duly given (i) on the fifth day after mailing, provided receipt of delivery is confirmed, if mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, with first class postage prepaid, (ii) on the date of service if served personally or (iii) on the business day after delivery to an overnight courier service, provided receipt of delivery has been confirmed:
 
If to the Company:
 
Richard Rutkowski
Chief Executive Officer
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
12201 Tukwila International Blvd.
Seattle, WA 98168

If to MDB:
 
Christopher A. Marlett
Chief Executive Officer
MDB Capital Group LLC
401 Wilshire Blvd - Suite 1020
Santa Monica, CA 90401
 
8.             Successors .   This Agreement is binding upon the parties hereto and their respective permissible assigns, successors, heirs and personal representatives, and shall inure to their benefit.
 
9.             Assignment .   Except with respect to the payment of any fees due to MDB, as provided for herein, neither this Agreement nor any right pursuant hereto nor interest herein shall be assignable by any of the parties hereto without the prior written consent of the other parties hereto, except as expressly permitted herein.
 
10.           Governing Law and Jurisdiction .   This Agreement shall be governed and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California applicable to agreements to be entered into and entirely performed in such State, and subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of state and federal courts located in the County of Los Angeles, California.  The prevailing party shall be entitled to recovery of costs, fees (including attorneys’ fees) and taxes paid or incurred in obtaining judgment.  Further, any costs, fees or taxes incurred in enforcing any judgment shall be fully assessed against and paid by the party against whom the judgment is to be enforced.
 
11.           Waiver and Amendment .   No waiver, amendment or modification of any provision of this Agreement shall be effective unless consent by both parties in writing. No failure or delay by either party in exercising any rights, power or remedy under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver of such right, power or remedy.  Any terms and/or conditions of this Agreement may be waived at any time, pursuant to this section, but a waiver in one instance shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver in any other instance.

 
 

 

12.           Severability .   If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
 
13.           Section Headings; Defined Terms .   Numbered and titled section headings and defined terms are for convenience only and shall not be construed as amplifying or limiting any of the provisions of this Agreement.
 
14.           Entire Agreement .   This Agreement and any exhibits herein incorporated and attached hereto supersede all prior and contemporaneous negotiations and agreements (whether written or oral)  with respect to the subject matter hereof and constitute the entire understanding among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.
 
15.           Indemnification .   In consideration of the services to be provided by MDB under this Agreement, the Company shall:
 
Indemnify and hold harmless MDB and any of its members, directors, officers, employees, consultants, advisors, or agents (each individually an “Indemnified Person”) from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which such Indemnified Person may become subject arising out of our in connection with the rendering of the Original Services or the Continuing Services by MDB hereunder, except to the extent that such losses, claims, damages or liabilities are determined in judicial rulings to have resulted primarily from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Person and advance and reimburse such Indemnified Person for reasonable legal and other expenses as they are incurred, that arise in connection with investigating, preparing to defend or defending any lawsuit, claim or proceeding and any appeals therefrom arising in any manner out of or in connection with the rendering of services by MDB, provided, however that in the event a final judicial determination is made to the effect specified above, such Indemnified Person will promptly remit to the Company any amounts advanced or reimbursed under the section.
 
The Company and MDB agree that (i) the indemnification and reimbursement commitments set forth above shall apply whether or not such Indemnified Person is a named party to any such lawsuit, claim or other proceeding; and (ii) promptly after receipt by the Company’s legal counsel or board of directors, the Company will immediately disclose to MDB, in writing, any new facts as they may arise that may adversely affect the Continuing Services contemplated herein. This indemnification shall survive any termination of this Agreement.
 
16.           Miscellaneous .   The obligations of the parties pursuant to this Sections 3 (Compensation) and  14 (Indemnification) shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
 
This Agreement shall be deemed drafted by both parties so as to avoid any negative inferences that may be drawn against the drafter by a court of law.  This Agreement is the result of extensive negotiations between the parties and reflects the terms requested by both parties after said negotiations.
 
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and all counterparts containing original signatures may together be considered as the original of this Agreement.  An executed facsimile or Adobe Acrobat PDF file shall be deemed an original.
 
[ remainder of page intentionally left blank; signature page follows ]

 
 

 


Very truly yours,
 
   
MDB Capital Group, LLC
 
   
By:
/s/ Robert M. Levande
 
 
Sr. Managing Director
 
     

Accepted and agreed to
this 14 th day of February, 2011

ClearSign Combustion Corporation
 
By:
/s/ Richard Rutkowski
 
Mr. Richard Rutkowski
 
Its: Chief Executive Officer

 
 

 

November 8, 2011

Richard Rutkowski
Chief Executive Officer
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
12101 Tukwila International Blvd., Suite 219
Seattle, WA  98168

Re:            Acknowledgement Regarding Consulting Agreement

Dear Mr. Rutkowski:

We previously entered into a Consulting Agreement dated February 14, 2011 (the “Consulting Agreement”) whereby MDB Capital Group LLC (“MDB”) provided consulting services to ClearSign Combustion Corporation (“ClearSign”) delineated in Section 1 and Exhibit A to the Consulting Agreement in exchange for 363,636 shares of ClearSign common stock having a value of $2.75/share as specified in Section 4.  These shares were issued on April 14, 2011 after obtaining formal approval from ClearSign’s board of directors.  However, the Consulting Agreement as drafted was unclear about the period for which the services were rendered and had incorrectly indicated that all such services were completed as of the date of the Consulting Agreement, February 14, 2011.  The purpose of this letter is to clarify our mutual understanding of the period of service under the Consulting Agreement.

Although MDB and ClearSign first engaged with each other in July 2010, the parties were primarily involved in discussions and activities associated with the financing of ClearSign, which was the subject of the Engagement Agreement originally dated November 2, 2010 (superseded by an Engagement Agreement dated February 14, 2011).  Although the Consulting Agreement was not formalized until February 14, 2011, consulting services began in earnest in or around January 2011 after a clear financing strategy was determined under the Engagement Agreement.  Also, these consulting services were not completed on February 14, 2011 as was mistakenly stated, but rather, continued through May 2011.  These consulting services were performed from on or about January 1, 2011 until May 10, 2011, the date of closing of the Company’s $3 million private placement funding.

In order to acknowledge the foregoing clarification, kindly countersign this letter and return it to us.

Very truly yours,
     
MDB Capital Group LLC
     
By:
/s/ Christopher Marlett
 
 
Christopher A. Marlett
 
 
Its: Chief Executive Officer
 
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
 
 
/s/ Richard Rutkowski
By:
 
 
Richard Rutkowski
 
Its: Chief Executive Officer

 
 

 
 
Exhibit 10.2
 
 
The IP Investment Bank

ENGAGEMENT AGREEMENT
February 14, 2011
 
Richard Rutkowski
Chief Executive Officer
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
12201 Tukwila International Blvd.
Seattle, WA 98168

Re: Restructuring and Financing
 
Dear Mr. Rutkowski:
 
MDB Capital Group, LLC (“MDB”) intends to structure a series of transactions through which the capital structure of ClearSign Combustion Corporation (the “Company”) will initially be restructured, as mutually determined by MDB and the Company and, upon completion of these transactions, the Company will use its best efforts to list its shares of common stock directly on the OTC Bulletin Board, NASDAQ or AMEX (“Exchanges”).  In connection with the restructuring and listing, the Company will seek private and public offering financing, and MDB shall assist the Company in such intended financings as set forth herein.
 
This engagement agreement (the “Agreement”) sets forth the terms and conditions by which MDB will provide financial advisory and other professional services to the Company in relation to the series of transactions set forth herein. MDB will act (1) as the Company’s exclusive investment banker regarding a possible merger/acquisition/reorganization/distribution of shares transaction involving another company (“Merger Transaction”), possibly with a shell company (“Shell”), (2) as the Company’s exclusive placement agent to assist it in one or more private offerings of its securities (“Private Placement”) on a “best-efforts” basis, and (3) as the Company’s underwriter for any public offering of its securities (“Underwritten Offering”) pursuant to the terms and conditions as set forth herein.

1.            Merger Transaction .  MDB will act as the Company’s exclusive Investment Banker respecting matters relating to any Merger Transaction involving the Company.  These services include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) identifying any necessary third parties for such transaction, (ii) overall control and coordination of the process; (iii) undertaking activities related to the collection and analysis of due diligence; (iv) interacting with shell principals and negotiating a definitive purchase agreement; (v) financial analysis including valuation analysis; and (vi) managing the interrelationship of legal and accounting activities to ensure the transaction moves according to the expected time table.  MDB will also advise the Shell, if one is used, with respect to structuring the Merger Transaction.  The Merger Transaction is subject to the satisfaction of due diligence on the part of both the Company and MDB.  However, the Company and any Shell must meet MDB’s reverse and forward merger qualification standards (as defined by MDB and the intended Exchange) prior to initiating the overall transaction.
 
MDB Capital Group LLC • 401 Wilshire Boulevard • Suite 1020 • Santa Monica, CA 90401 • 310.526.5000 • www.mdb.com

 
 

 
 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 

Any Shell that may be used will be subject to approval by MDB and the Company, and the terms of the Merger Transaction will be negotiated with the involvement of MDB.  If the terms are determined by MDB to be disadvantageous to the overall structure of the reorganization and the Company’s ability to obtain financing, MDB may act to cancel this engagement.  If the Company determines, based on a review of all material factors including MDB’s fee structure, that any specific Merger Transaction proposed by MDB is less advantageous to the Company than pursuing a Private Placement or Underwritten Offering without a Merger Transaction, then the Company shall be under no obligation to enter into the proposed Merger Transaction.
 
2.             Exclusive Placement Agent .   MDB will act as the Company’s exclusive placement agent and matters relating to the financing of its business.  The Company proposes to raise up to an aggregate of $23,000,000 of capital (collectively referred to herein as the “Financings”) involving the issuance equity and equity based securities of the Company (“Securities”).  It is anticipated that the Company will raise capital according to the following schedule (the “Schedule”):
 
Stage
 
Amount
 
Timing
         
Pre-Listing Financing
 
Up to $3,000,000
 
Closes prior to
Merger Transaction
         
Underwritten Offering or PIPE* Financing
 
$5,000,000 to $20,000,000
 
Closes in conjunction with Listing on an Exchange
 
* Private investment in public equity
 
The proposal for the national exchange listing and the Financings is contingent upon the Company selecting a qualified auditor that is reasonably deemed satisfactory to MDB, the Company providing proper documentation as required by the parties thereto for each Financing, associated legal opinions to MDB and to investors.

 
Page 2 of 11

 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 
 
3.             Term .   The term of this Agreement shall be for the last to occur of either (a) a period of nine months from the date of execution hereof (the “Effective Date”) or (b) the completion of the Pre-Listing Financing as referenced in the Schedule.  This Agreement will automatically renew for additional thirty (30) day periods unless cancelled with 30 days advance written notice by either party.  For any transaction that is in process at the time of termination, the Company agrees to pay MDB all of the cash fee compensation agreed upon herein as if the transaction had closed once such transaction closes.  This Agreement may be cancelled by either party after three months from the Effective Date upon the giving of a 30 day advance written notice to the other party.  MDB agrees that the Agreement can be terminated by the Company, at its sole discretion, should a Merger Transaction or the Pre-Listing Financing not be signed within 30 days from the Effective Date.  Both the Company and MDB agree to cooperate in a mutually beneficial manner to complete the Merger Transaction or Pre-Listing Financing within 30 days of the Effective Date.  Should a Merger Transaction or Pre-Listing Financing agreement not be signed within this 30 day period, through no fault of MDB, the Company agrees to extend this Agreement to a mutually-agreed date with such extension not to be less than 15 days.
 
4.             Company Responsibilities .  The Company represents and warrants to MDB that any and all information provided in connection with any transaction that may be initiated under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including but not limited to a business plan, private placement memorandums, correspondence and collateral material, whether it is for or to anyone connected with the transactions contemplated hereby or distributed to outside parties in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.  The Company agrees and acknowledges that any and all due diligence conducted by MDB is for the sole benefit and use by MDB and will not and cannot be relied on by any other person or entity and all prospective investors will conduct their own due diligence prior to participating in the transaction.
 
The Company agrees to refer to MDB any and all investors, lenders and/or any other interested person or entity in a transaction with the Company (other than day to day, ordinary course of business contacts) to which the Company has or will come in contact for discussion and negotiation.
 
5.             Fees and Expenses .
 
A.             Merger Transaction.   No fees shall be due from the Company to MDB or its Designees in the event of a Merger Transaction.

 
Page 3 of 11

 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 
 
B.             Financing Fees .  In the event that MDB acts as a placement agent with respect to any Financing for the Company, including the Pre-Listing Financing and any subsequent Financings, the Company shall pay to MDB a fee equal to ten percent (10.0%) of the gross amount of funds raised .  This fee shall be paid to MDB concurrent with each closing of any financing (each such event a “Closing” and all such events together “Closings”) and shall be paid either in cash or in shares of the Company’s stock of the same description issued pursuant to the Financing (the “Placement Agent Equity”), the determination of which shall be at the sole discretion of MDB.  The calculation of the number of shares of the Company’s stock to be issued to MDB or its Designees (as defined and provided for herein) shall be based on a value for these shares equal to the value of such shares issued to investors pursuant to the relevant Financing.  All cash fees due to MDB shall be paid to MDB directly from the proceeds of the relevant Financing at each Closing.  Additionally, MDB or its designees (as provided for herein) will be issued warrants (“Placement Warrants”) to purchase an equity interest of the Company equal to ten percent (10.0%) of the securities issued to investors pursuant to such Financing, including, but not limited to securities issued to investors at a Closing.  These Placement Warrants shall be exercisable for a period of five (5) years at the per share price (or equivalent) of securities sold in the related Financing and shall contain weighted-average price-based anti-dilution provisions.  The equity underlying the Placement Warrants and any Placement Agent Equity will have standard demand and piggyback registration rights, and the Placement Warrants will have cashless exercise provisions.  For clarification, the Company is not obligated to engage MDB to act as its Private Placement agent, except as provided for herein, but to the extent that MDB finds investors in connection with a private placement by the Company, the Company will pay the above consideration.
 
C.             Expenses .  MDB will incur various fees and expenses for travel. professional advisors, and agents, including, but not limited to, legal, accounting and analyst fees, all of which fees and expenses shall be reimbursed by the Company to MDB.  The fees of professional advisors incurred by investors may be deducted by such investors from the proceeds of any Financings.
 
Legal fees may include review of the listing application onto any Exchange, review of Private Placement documentation, preparation of securities agreements, review of structure documentation, and review of registration statements.  Accounting fees may include review of GAAP accounting treatment of financial statement disclosure, controls and procedure issues and SEC responses. The fees and expenses of the professional advisors to and agents of MDB may be required to be paid in advance, on a retainer basis, in which case the Company will advance such funds.  All such fees and expenses will be reasonable, and generally discussed with the Company in advance, however, there may be times when advance consultation and agreement may not be reasonable, in which case the decision of MDB to incur the fee and expense will be deemed authorization by the Company to incur the fee and expense for which the Company will be responsible.
 
MDB shall submit an invoice to the Company delineating these expenses in reasonable detail.  MDB shall provide appropriate documentation for all individual expense items in excess of $100.  Expenses incurred in a foreign currency shall be converted by MDB to U.S. dollars when submitting the invoice using a reasonable and appropriate exchange rate.  The Company shall reimburse these expenses within thirty (30) days after receipt of an invoice.

 
Page 4 of 11

 
 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 
 
D.             General.   All forms of compensation set forth in this agreement are due and payable to MDB with respect to any completed transaction by and between the Company and any person or entity and their affiliates having previously met with, spoken to and/or introduced by MDB for the period from the execution date of this Agreement through the end of the 24th month following the termination date of this Agreement, after giving effect to any and all extensions to this Agreement.
 
All consideration payable to MDB pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, are due and payable on or before its respective due date. MDB, as an accommodation, may present the Company with an invoice for such amounts due, however payment is not subject to the receipt of an invoice. This Agreement shall serve as the Company’s documentation for payment processing and remittances.
 
At the written request of MDB, the Company shall pay a portion of any stock or warrant fees or other consideration which are due to MDB to certain designated persons affiliated with MDB (“Designees”).
 
6.             Company Expenses .   The Company is responsible for all costs related to the Merger Transaction, listing, Shell acquisition and Financings, which may include, but is not limited, to the Company’s legal fees, printing and reproduction costs, accounting and other professional services, Blue Sky and SEC registration fees and expenses, road show and travel related expense (any road show and travel related expenses must be approved by the Company) and miscellaneous out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement.
 
7.             Approval of Professionals .   MDB and the Company will mutually agree upon the retention of all professionals related to the transactions contemplated herein (Merger Transaction, Shell, private placements, and the Underwriting Offering) including but not limited to counsel to the Company, outside accountants to the Company, and investor relations firm(s).
 
8.             Exclusive Agency .   MDB is hereby engaged as the Company’s exclusive agent respecting all investment banking services that may be required by the Company related to the Merger Transaction and Financings contemplated by this Agreement.
 
9.             Future Investment Banking Roles .   The Company agrees that if, during the period of its engagement hereunder or at any time within 12 months following the Closing of the contemplated Merger Transaction or listing on a national exchange or any Financing, whichever is earliest, the Company determines to raise additional capital (other than as set forth herein) by means of a public offering or private placement of equity, debt and/or convertible securities, MDB shall have the right to act as the lead underwriter or placement agent with respect to such financing.  Any decision by MDB to act in such capacity will be documented in a separate agreement or amendment hereto, which would include, among other things, customary fees, indemnification of MDB, the terms of any such financing, conditions precedent including due diligence, and current conditions, and customary representations and warranties.

 
Page 5 of 11

 
 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 
 
During the term of this Agreement or at any time within 12 months following the Closing of the contemplated Merger Transaction or listing on a national exchange or any Financing, whichever is earliest, if the Company or any of its affiliates proposes (i) to dispose of an interest in any material assets or businesses of the Company (including sale or merger of the Company) other than in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) to acquire or purchase any material interest or investment in any other company or business, MDB shall have the right, at its sole discretion, to act as exclusive financial advisor to the Company with respect to such transaction. Any decision by MDB to act as exclusive financial advisor with respect to such proposed disposition or acquisition transaction will be documented in a separate agreement or amendment hereto, which would include, among other things, the terms of any such transaction, provisions for customary fees for transactions of similar size and nature, indemnification of MDB, conditions precedent including due diligence, and customary representations and warranties.
 
10.           Blue Sky and SEC Filings.   In connection with any private offerings, the Company is responsible for making and paying for all required state and federal filings, the failure to make will result in a material breach of this Agreement.  As such, the Company will file such required state and federal notices under Regulation D or Regulation S, as may be required to provide for the perfection of those provisions of the law to the particular offering. Once filed, the Company will provide to MDB a copy of any such Form D and other filings as filed.
 
11.           Representations and Warranties .   The Company represents and warrants to MDB that: the Company will not cause or knowingly permit any action to be taken in connection with any private placement in which MDB acts as agent which violates the Securities Act of 1933 or any state securities laws; the Company will cooperate with MDB so as to permit any private placement to be conducted in a manner consistent with the applicable state and federal securities laws; that all information and statements provided by the Company and included in, but not limited to, any private placement memorandums, business plans, correspondence and any and all collateral material will be true and correct; that any private placement memorandum will not be misleading or violate the anti-fraud provisions of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; current Company management, as disclosed to MDB, will continue in place after a Financing for a reasonable period of time; there will be included in any private placement memorandum the full, updated financial statements of the Company for the last three fiscal years or for such shorter period as the Company was in existence and the latest unaudited comparative quarterly or other interim financial statements; the financial statements will fairly reflect the financial condition of the Company and the results of its operations at a time and for the periods covered by such financial statements in accordance with United States GAAP, and such statements will be substantially as heretofore represented to MDB; the Company does not know of any undisclosed facts that could adversely affect any private placement by the Company; the Company will immediately disclose to MDB, in writing, any new facts as they may arise that may adversely affect the private placement or disclosure therefore;  and the Company will prepare and deliver to MDB its most recent estimate of sales, earnings, and cash flow and agrees to update those estimates on a monthly basis during the offering period of any private placement. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold MDB and its attorneys, accountants, agents and employees, officers and directors, free and harmless from any liability, cost and expense, including attorneys' fees in the event of a breach of this representation and warranty.

 
Page 6 of 11

 
 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 
 
12.           Indemnification .   In consideration of the services to be provided by MDB under this Agreement, the Company shall:
 
Indemnify and hold harmless MDB and any of its members, directors, officers, employees, consultants, advisors, or agents (each individually an “Indemnified Person”) from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which such Indemnified Person may become subject arising out of our in connection with the rendering of services by MDB hereunder, except to the extent that such losses, claims, damages or liabilities are determined in judicial rulings to have resulted primarily from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Person and advance and reimburse such Indemnified Person for reasonable legal and other expenses as they are incurred, that arise in connection with investigating, preparing to defend or defending any lawsuit, claim or proceeding and any appeals therefrom arising in any manner out of or in connection with the rendering of services by MDB, provided, however that in the event a final judicial determination is made to the effect specified above, such Indemnified Person will promptly remit to the Company any amounts advanced or reimbursed under the section.
 
The Company and MDB agree that (i) the indemnification and reimbursement commitments set forth above shall apply whether or not such Indemnified Person is a named party to any such lawsuit, claim or other proceeding; and (ii) promptly after receipt by the Company’s legal counsel or board of directors, the Company will immediately disclose to MDB, in writing, any new facts as they may arise that may adversely affect the transactions contemplated herein. This indemnification shall survive any termination of this Agreement.
 
13.           Conditions of Performance by the Investment Banker .   Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth hereinabove, the performance of the obligations of MDB as provided in this Agreement is specifically subject to and conditioned upon the completion of in-depth investigative procedures and continuing due diligence requirements relative to each Financing, with satisfactory reports about the Company, about its directors and officers and about the Company’s operations and general performance (also referred to as “due diligence” procedures).  The obligations of MDB are also subject to compliance with this Agreement and to market conditions, including general market conditions and market conditions relative to the Company. MDB will determine, in its sole discretion, the determination and interpretation of any and all information provided as a result of the due diligence procedures and the market conditions.
 
14.           Conflict of Interest .   The Company hereby expressly acknowledges and waives any claims or conflicts of interests relating to the matters set forth in the following paragraph.

 
Page 7 of 11

 

Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 

MDB has been and will attempt to continue to be retained by other companies in various capacities, including, without limitation, general business consulting, capital raising, mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, distribution agreements, product line acquisitions, product line divestitures, and strategic planning.  MDB may have existing relationships with many companies, including some that may be contacted for the purpose of forming a relationship with the Company or entering into a transaction with the Company.  MDB may receive compensation from these companies for services.  In the event that MDB provides or has provided services to another party in connection with a transaction with the Company, MDB will notify the Company in writing.  MDB will not be required to offer to the Company all opportunities of which it becomes aware, and the decision to offer an opportunity to the Company known to MDB will be in its sole discretion.

15.           Notices.   Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given to any party hereunder with respect to the Term of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be given to such party at such party’s address set forth below or such other address as such party may hereafter specify by notice in writing to the other party.  Any such notice or other communication shall be addressed as aforesaid and given by (a) certified mail, return receipt requested, with first class postage prepaid, (b) hand delivery, or (c) reputable overnight courier.  Any notice or other communication will be deemed to have been duly given (i) on the fifth day after mailing, provided receipt of delivery is confirmed, if mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, with first class postage prepaid, (ii) on the date of service if served personally or (iii) on the business day after delivery to an overnight courier service, provided receipt of delivery has been confirmed:
 
If to the Company:
If to MDB:
   
Richard Rutkowski
Christopher A. Marlett
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Executive Officer
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
MDB Capital Group LLC
12201 Tukwila International Blvd.
401 Wilshire Blvd - Suite 1020
Seattle, WA 98168
Santa Monica, CA 90401
 
16.           Successors .   This Agreement is binding upon the parties hereto and their respective permissible assigns, successors, heirs and personal representatives, and shall inure to their benefit.
 
17.           Assignment .   Except with respect to the payment of any fees due to MDB, as provided for herein, neither this Agreement nor any right pursuant hereto nor interest herein shall be assignable by any of the parties hereto without the prior written consent of the other parties hereto, except as expressly permitted herein.
 
18.           Governing Law and Jurisdiction .   This Agreement shall be governed and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California applicable to agreements to be entered into and entirely performed in such State, and subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of state and federal courts located in the County of Los Angeles, California.  The prevailing party shall be entitled to recovery of costs, fees (including attorneys’ fees) and taxes paid or incurred in obtaining judgment.  Further, any costs, fees or taxes incurred in enforcing any judgment shall be fully assessed against and paid by the party against whom the judgment is to be enforced.

 
Page 8 of 11

 
 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 
 
19.           Waiver and Amendment .   No waiver, amendment or modification of any provision of this Agreement shall be effective unless consent by both parties in writing. No failure or delay by either party in exercising any rights, power or remedy under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver of such right, power or remedy.  Any terms and/or conditions of this Agreement may be waived at any time, pursuant to this section, but a waiver in one instance shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver in any other instance.
 
20.           Severability .   If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
 
21.           Section Headings; Defined Terms .   Numbered and titled section headings and defined terms are for convenience only and shall not be construed as amplifying or limiting any of the provisions of this Agreement.
 
22.           Entire Agreement .   This Agreement and any exhibits herein incorporated and attached hereto supersede all prior and contemporaneous negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof, terminate all prior agreements (whether written or oral) with respect to the subject matter hereof rendering such agreements null and void, and constitute the entire understanding among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.
 
23.           Miscellaneous .   The obligations of the parties pursuant to Sections 5 (Fees and Expenses), 9(Future Investment Banking Roles) 12(Indemnification), 15(Notice), and 18(Governing Law and Jurisdiction) shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
 
This Agreement shall be deemed drafted by both parties so as to avoid any negative inferences that may be drawn against the drafter by a court of law.  This Agreement is the result of extensive negotiations between the parties and reflects the terms requested by both parties after said negotiations.
 
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and all counterparts containing original signatures may together be considered as the original of this Agreement.  An executed facsimile or Adobe Acrobat PDF file shall be deemed an original.

 
 

 
 
Engagement Agreement
 
   
February 14, 2011
 
 
Very truly yours,
 
MDB CAPITAL GROUP LLC
 
By: 
/s/ Robert M. Levande
Robert M. Levande
Sr. Managing Director
 
Accepted and agreed to
this 14 th day of February, 2011

ClearSign Combustion Corporation

By: 
/s/ Richard Rutkowsk
 
Mr. Richard Rutkowski
 
Its: Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 

 

Exhibit 10.4

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
 
This Subscription Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into by and between ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the "Company"), and the undersigned investor ("Purchaser").
 
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual covenants and other agreements contained in this Agreement the Company and the Purchaser hereby agree as follows:
 
1.            Purchase of Common Stock .
 
(a)           Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Purchaser hereby subscribes for the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock (as defined below) set forth in Section 5(b) (the "Shares") at a purchase price of $2.75 per Share (such price per share, the "Purchase Price," and the total amount to be paid for the Shares, the "Subscription Amount").  Fractional shares of Common Stock will not be issued, and the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued in respect of a given Subscription Amount will be reduced to the nearest whole share.  The purchase and sale of the Initial Shares (as defined below) and the Additional Shares (as defined below) shall sometimes be referred to herein as the “Offering.”
 
(b)           The Company is initially offering a total of 727,273 shares of Common Stock (the “Initial Shares”), for aggregate proceeds of $2,000,000.75.  Of this amount, a single investor, Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Major Investor”), intends to purchase a total of 363,636 Initial Shares so long as the Company raises $1,000,000 in the Offering on or before the applicable Closing Date (as defined below) from Accredited Investors (as defined below) other than the Major Investor.  If the Company does not raise at least $1,000,000 in the Offering from Accredited Investors other than the Major Investor on or before the Closing Date (or, if agreed to in writing by the Major Investor, on or before the Final Closing Date (as defined below)), the Major Investor may elect not to participate in the Offering. The Major Investor is owned in part by Christopher Marlett and Robert Levande (the “Affiliated Major Investor Stockholders”) who are affiliated with MDB Capital Group, LLC, a California limited liability company (the “Placement Agent”), which has been retained by the Company as its placement agent for the Offering.  Christopher Marlett is the Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Major Investor and the Chief Executive Officer of the Placement Agent and Robert Levande is the Secretary and a director of the Major Investor and a Senior Managing Director of Investing Banking of the Placement Agent.
 
(c)           The Purchaser agrees that in addition to the Initial Shares, the Company shall have the right to sell up to an additional 363,636 shares of Common Stock (the “Additional Shares”) to other persons; provided, however, that all such Additional Shares are sold on or before the Final Closing Date.  Other than the agreement with the Major Investor, all other agreements with investors to purchase Securities in the Offering shall be pursuant to agreements with terms and conditions substantially similar to this Agreement.  The Initial Shares and the Additional Shares shall be sometimes referred to herein as the “Securities.”

 
 

 
 
2.            Closing .
 
(a)           On or prior to the applicable Closing Date (as defined below), Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered the following in accordance with the subscription procedures described in Section 2(b) below:
 
(i)           a completed and duly executed copy of this Agreement and a spousal consent substantially in the form of Exhibit B , attached hereto (the “Spousal Consent”);
 
(ii)          a duly executed copy of the escrow agreement, substantially in the form of Exhibit C , attached hereto (the “Escrow Agreement”); and
 
(iii)         an amount equal to the Subscription Amount, in immediately available funds in the form of (X) a certified or cashier’s check payable to the order of “Richardson & Patel LLP Client Trust Account f/b/o ClearSign Combustion Corporation” or (Y) a wire transfer of immediately available funds to the Escrow Holder (as defined below), in accordance with the Escrow Holder’s written instructions.
 
(b)           The Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered the closing deliveries described above to Richardson & Patel LLP (the “Escrow Holder”) at the following address:
 
Douglas Gold, Chief Financial Officer
c/o Richardson & Patel LLP
10900 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 500
Los Angeles, California 90024
 
(c)           This Agreement sets forth various representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the Company and the Purchaser, as the case may be, all of which shall be deemed made, and shall be effective without further action by the Company and the Purchaser, immediately upon the Company’s acceptance of the Purchaser’s subscription and shall thereupon be binding upon the Company and the Purchaser.  Acceptance shall be evidenced only be execution of this Agreement by the Company on its signature page attached hereto and the Company shall have no obligation hereunder to the Purchaser until the Company shall have delivered to the Purchaser a fully executed copy of this Agreement.  Upon acceptance of the Purchaser's subscription, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser, a certificate representing the Shares (which shall be issued in the name described in Section 5(b) ) on the applicable Closing Date.
 
(d)           The purchase and sale of the Securities shall be consummated on or before February 18, 2011 or such other date as the Company and the Purchaser shall agree (the “Initial Closing Date”); provided, however, that the Company reserves the right to extend the Offering, with the written approval of the Major Investor, for up to an additional 60 days beyond the Initial Closing Date (the “Final Closing Date” and together with the Initial Closing Date, the “Closing Dates”).  If the Company elects to extend the Offering, so long as it has sold Initial Shares having a value of $1,000,000 to Accredited Investors other than the Major Investor, it shall cause all funds held by the Escrow Holder to be delivered to it on the Initial Closing Date.  The Company shall cause any additional funds received from additional subscriptions accepted following the Initial Closing Date to be delivered to the Company on the Final Closing Date.

 
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3.            Company Representations and Warranties .  The Company hereby represents and warrants that, as of the Closing Date applicable to the Purchaser:
 
(a)            Organization and Business .  The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Washington and has all requisite corporate power and authority to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted.  The Company has no direct or indirect subsidiaries.  The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which its ownership or use of property or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect.  As used in this Agreement, the term “Material Adverse Effect” means any material adverse effect on the business, operations, assets (including intangible assets), liabilities (actual or contingent), financial condition, or prospects of the Company, if any, taken as a whole, or on the transactions contemplated hereby or by the other Transaction Documents (as defined below).  Information about the Company’s business is included on Exhibit A to this Agreement (the “ Company Information ”).
 
(b)           Capitalization .
 
(i)           The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 52,000,000 shares of which, 2,000,000 shares are Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), none of which are issued and outstanding; and 50,000,000 shares are Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock"), of which 2,307,783 shares are issued and outstanding and 500,000 shares are reserved for issuance in accordance with the terms of the ClearSign Combustion Corporation 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) (under which there are no stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock granted and outstanding).  A list of the Common Stock held by the Company’s officers, directors, 5% shareholders, and all other holders of capital stock of the Company (without taking into consideration the shares of Common Stock issued in connection with the Offering ), is set forth on Schedule (3)(b)(i) to this Agreement, and there is no other outstanding capital stock of the Company.   Schedule 3(b)(i) to this Agreement also sets forth the outstanding capital stock of the Company after giving effect to the closing/s of the Offering (assuming the Securities are fully subscribed), on a fully-diluted basis.
 
(ii)          Except as set forth on Schedule 3(b)(ii) to this Agreement, all of such outstanding shares of Common Stock have been issued in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws and are duly authorized and have been validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.  All Securities have been duly reserved for future issuance.

 
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(iii)         No shares of capital stock of the Company are subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights of anyone or any mortgage, lien, title claim, assignment, encumbrance, security interest, adverse claim, contract of sale, restriction on use or transfer (other than restrictions on transfer under applicable state and federal securities laws or "blue sky" or other similar laws (collectively, the “Securities Laws”)) or other defect of title of any kind (each, a “Lien”) imposed through the actions or failure to act of the Company.  Except as disclosed in Schedule 3(b)(iii) to this Agreement: (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe for, puts, calls, rights of first refusal, agreements, understandings, claims or other commitments or rights of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of capital stock of the Company, or arrangements by which the Company is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of the Company, (ii) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company is obligated to register the sale of any of its or their securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and (iii) there are no anti-dilution or price adjustment provisions contained in any security issued by the Company (or in any agreement providing rights to security holders) that will be triggered by the issuance of the Securities.
 
(c)            Authorization; Enforceability .  All corporate action on the part of the Company, its officers, directors and shareholders necessary for the authorization, execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents, the performance of all obligations of the Company under the Transaction Documents, and the authorization, issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities has been taken, and each Transaction Document constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except to the extent limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights and general principles of equity that restrict the availability of equitable or legal remedies.
 
(d)            Valid Issuance .  The Shares being acquired by the Purchaser hereunder, when issued, sold and delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement for the consideration expressed herein, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, and will be free of Liens other than restrictions on transfer under this Agreement.
 
(e)            Litigation .  There is no action, suit, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the Company's knowledge, currently threatened against the Company.  The Company is not a party or subject to the provisions of any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree of any court or government agency or instrumentality.  There is no action, suit, proceeding or investigation by the Company currently pending or that the Company intends to initiate.
 
(f)            No Conflict .  The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, and the other agreements entered into by the Company in connection with the Offering (the “Transaction Documents”) and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not: (i) conflict with or result in a violation of any provision of the charter or by-laws of the Company or (ii) violate or conflict with, or result in a breach of any provision of, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both could become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture, patent, patent license or instrument to which the Company is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations and regulations of any self-regulatory organizations to which the Company or its securities are subject) applicable to the Company or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected.  The Company is not in violation of its charter, bylaws, or other organizational documents.  The Company is not in default (and no event has occurred which with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company in default) under, and the Company has not taken any action or failed to take any action that would give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any Material Agreement (as defined below).  The business of the Company is not being conducted in violation of any law, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity, except for possible violations which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.  Except for filings pursuant to Regulation D of the Securities Act, and applicable state securities laws, which have been made or will be made by the Company in the required time thereunder, the Company is not required to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court, governmental agency, regulatory agency, self regulatory organization or stock market or any third party in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Document in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof or to issue and sell the Securities in accordance with the terms hereof.
 
 
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(g)            Intellectual Property .  Other than the listing of 30 inventions of the Company whose patent applications have yet to be filed (the “ Confidential IP ”), Schedule 3(g) to this Agreement sets forth a complete and accurate listing of all of the Company’s patents, patent applications, provisional patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, formulae, mask works, customer lists, internet domain names, know-how and other intellectual property, including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems, procedures or registrations or applications relating to the same (collectively, including the Confidential IP, the “Intellectual Property”).  At the Purchaser’s request the Company shall make available to the Purchaser prior to the applicable Closing Date the Confidential IP; provided, that, the Purchaser execute and deliver a non-disclosure agreement relating to the Confidential IP that is reasonably acceptable to the Company.  The Company owns valid title, free and clear of any Liens, or possesses the requisite valid and current licenses or rights, free and clear of any Liens, to use all Intellectual Property in connection with the conduct its business as now operated, and to the best of the Company’s knowledge, as presently contemplated to be operated in the future.  There is no claim or action by any person pertaining to, or proceeding pending, or to the Company’s knowledge threatened, which challenges the right of the Company  with respect to any Intellectual Property necessary to enable it to conduct its business as now operated, and to the Company’s knowledge, as presently contemplated to be operated in the future.  To the best of the Company’s knowledge, the Company’s current and intended products, services and processes do not infringe on any Intellectual Property or other rights held by any person, and the Company is unaware of any facts or circumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.  The Company has not received any notice of infringement of, or conflict with, the asserted rights of others with respect to the Intellectual Property.  It will not be necessary to use any inventions of any of its employees or consultants (or persons it currently intends to hire) made prior to their employment by the Company.  Each employee and consultant of the Company has assigned to the Company all intellectual property rights he or she owns that are related to the Company’s business as now conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted.
 
 
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(h)            Proprietary Information Agreements .  The Company has taken all reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all trade secrets, know-how, inventions, designs, processes and technical data required to conduct its business (“Proprietary Information”).  Each current and former employee of the Company has executed an agreement assigning all Proprietary Information made or reduced to practice by such employee in the course of providing services to the Company and relating to the Company’s business or business plans (the “Proprietary Information Agreement”).  Except as set forth on Schedule 3(h) to this Agreement (the “Excluded Inventions”), no such employee has excluded works or inventions made prior to his or her employment with the Company from his or her assignment of inventions pursuant to such employee’s Proprietary Information Agreement .  It is not nor will it be necessary for the Company to use any Excluded Inventions, except for Excluded Inventions that have been assigned to the Company.  Each consultant to the Company that has had access to Intellectual Property material to the Company’s business and operations has entered into a confidentiality and invention assignment agreement.  No officer, employee or consultant of the Company is in violation of such confidential information and invention assignment agreement or any prior employee contract or proprietary information agreement with any other corporation or third party.
 
(i)            Material Agreements .  Except as disclosed on Schedule 3(i) to this Agreement (each contract, agreement, commitment or understanding disclosed on Schedule 3(i) being hereinafter referred to as a " Material Agreement ") or as contemplated by this Agreement or any Transaction Document, there are no agreements, understandings, commitments, instruments, contracts, employment agreements, proposed transactions or judgments to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound which may involve obligations (contingent or otherwise), or a related series of obligations (contingent or otherwise), of or to, or payments, or a related series of payments, by or to the Company in excess of $10,000 in any one year.  All Material Agreements are in full force and effect and constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, and to the Company's knowledge, the other parties thereto, and are enforceable in accordance with their respective terms.  Neither the Company nor any person is in default under the terms of any Material Agreement, and no circumstance exists that would, with the giving of notice or the passage of time, constitute a default under any Material Agreement.
 
(j)            Management .  As of the date of this Agreement, the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) consists of two members, namely, Richard Rutkowski and David Goodson, and the Company has the following officers:
 
 Richard Rutkowski
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer
 David Goodson
Chief Science Officer
 Geoffrey Osler
Chief Marketing Officer, Secretary

The compensation of each officer as of the date of this Agreement is included on Schedule 3(j) of this Agreement.  In addition, information about each officer, which to the knowledge of the Company is true and correct, is included on Schedule 3(j) of this Agreement.    The officers do not have formal employment agreements and serve on an at-will basis.  Prior to an offering of the Common Stock to the public, the Company intends to enter into a formal employment agreement with the Chief Executive Officer.

 
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(k)            Financial Statements and Budget .  A true and complete copy of (A) an unaudited balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2010 (the “Balance Sheet”), (B) an unaudited income statement  of the Company for the 9 month period ended December 31, 2008, and the 12 month periods ended December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010 (the “Income Statements” and collectively with the Balance Sheet, the “Financial Statements”) and (C) an operating budget for the Company for fiscal year 2011 (the “Budget”), are attached as Schedule 3(k) to this Agreement.  The Financial Statements fairly present the financial condition and operating results of the Company as of the dates, and for the periods, indicated therein, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments (which are not expected to be material either individually or in the aggregate).  Except as set forth in the Financial Statements, the Company has no material liabilities or obligations, contingent or otherwise, other than liabilities incurred in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated under the Offering, an estimate of which is set forth on Schedule 3(k) , and those incurred in the ordinary course of business subsequent to December 31, 2010.
 
(l)            Financial Information and Projections .  Any financial estimates and projections in the Company Information and/or Budget have been prepared by management of the Company and are the most current financial estimates and projections available by the Company.  Although the Company does not warrant that the results contained in such projections will be achieved, to the best of the Company’s knowledge and belief, such projections are reasonable estimations of future financial performance of the Company and its expected financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the projection period (subject to the uncertainty and approximation inherent in any projection).  At the time they were made, all of the material assumptions upon which the projections are based were, to the best of the Company’s knowledge and belief, reasonable and appropriate.  Nothing in this Section 3(l) is intended to modify or amend in any way the representations and warranties of Purchaser in Section 4 .
 
(m)            Tax Matters .  Except as set forth on Schedule 3(m) to this Agreement, the Company has made or filed all federal, state and foreign income and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject and has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply.  All such tax returns and reports filed on behalf of the Company were complete and correct and were prepared in good faith without willful misrepresentation.  There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim.  The Company has not executed a waiver with respect to the statute of limitations relating to the assessment or collection of any foreign, federal, state or local tax.  The Company has not received notice that any of its tax returns is presently being audited by any taxing authority.
 
(n)            Certain Transactions .  Except as set forth on Schedule 3(n) to this Agreement, there are no loans, leases, royalty agreements or other transactions between: (i) the Company or any of its respective customers or suppliers, and (ii) any officer, employee, consultant or director of the Company or any person owning five percent (5%) or more of the ownership interests of the Company or any member of the immediate family of such officer, employee, consultant, director, stockholder or owner or any corporation or other entity controlled by such officer, employee, consultant, director, stockholder or owner, or a member of the immediate family of such officer, employee, consultant, director, stockholder or owner.

 
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(o)            No General Solicitation . Neither the Company nor any person participating on the Company’s behalf in the transactions contemplated hereby has conducted any “general solicitation,” as such term is defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act, with respect to any securities offered in the Offering.
 
(p)            No Integrated Offering .  Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf, has directly or indirectly made any offers or sales in any security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances that would require registration under the Securities Act of the issuance of the Securities.  The issuance of the Securities will not be integrated (as defined in Rule 502 of the Securities Act) with any other issuance of the Company’s securities (past, current or future) that would require registration under the Securities Act of the issuance of the Securities.
 
(q)            No Brokers .  The Company has taken no action which would give rise to any claim by any person for brokerage commissions, transaction fees or similar payments relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, other than to the Placement Agent, whose fee is described in Section 4(g) .
 
(r)            Offering .  Subject to the accuracy of the Purchaser’s representations and warranties in Section 4 of this Agreement, and the accuracy of other purchasers’ representations and warranties in their respective subscription agreements, the offer, sale and issuance of the Securities in the Offering, constitute transactions exempt from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act and from the registration or qualification requirements of applicable state securities laws, and neither the Company nor any authorized agent acting on its behalf will take any action hereafter that would cause the loss of such exemption.
 
4.            Purchaser Acknowledgements and Representations .  In connection with the purchase of the Shares, Purchaser represents and warrants as of the Closing Date applicable to the Purchaser and/or acknowledges, to the Company, the following:
 
(a)            Acceptance .  The Company may accept or reject this Agreement and the number of Shares subscribed for hereunder, in whole or in part, in its sole and absolute discretion.  The Company has no obligation to issue any of the Shares to any person who is a resident of a jurisdiction in which the issuance of the Shares would constitute a violation of the Securities Laws.
 
(b)            Irrevocability .  This Agreement is and shall be irrevocable, except that the Purchaser shall have no obligations hereunder to the extent that this Agreement is rejected by the Company.
 
(c)            Binding .  This Agreement and the rights, powers and duties set forth herein shall be binding upon the Purchaser, the Purchaser's heirs, estate, legal representatives, successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the Company, its successors and assigns.
 
(d)            No Governmental Review .  No federal or state agency has made any finding or determination as to the fairness of the Offering for investment, or any recommendation or endorsement of the Shares.
 
(e)            Voting Power .  The Shares issued to the Purchaser are entitled to one vote per share.  The Shares do not entitle the Purchaser to preemptive rights.

 
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(f)            Professional Advice; Investment Experience .  The Company has made available to the Purchaser, or to the Purchaser's attorney, accountant or representative, all documents that the Purchaser has requested, and the Purchaser has requested all documents and other information that the Purchaser has deemed necessary to consider respecting an investment in the Company.  The Company has provided answers to all questions concerning the Offering and an investment in the Company.  The Purchaser has carefully considered and has, to the extent the Purchaser believes necessary, discussed with the Purchaser's professional technical, legal, tax and financial advisers and his/her/its representative (if any) the suitability of an investment in the Company for the Purchaser's particular tax and financial situation.  All information the Purchaser has provided to the Company concerning the Purchaser and the Purchaser's financial position is, to Purchaser’s knowledge, correct and complete as of the date set forth below, and if there should be any material adverse change in such information prior to the acceptance of this Agreement by the Company, the Purchaser will immediately provide such information to the Company.  The Purchaser has such knowledge, skill, and experience in technical, business, financial, and investment matters so that he/she/it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Shares.  To the extent necessary, the Purchaser has retained, at his/her/its own expense, and relied upon, appropriate professional advice regarding the technical, investment, tax, and legal merits and consequences of this Agreement and owning the Shares.  The Purchaser acknowledges and understands that the proceeds from the sale of the Shares will be used as described in Section 6(a) .
 
(g)            Brokers and Finders; Placement Agent Services .  Other than the Placement Agent with respect to the Company, no person will have, as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any valid right, interest or claim against or upon the Company or the Purchaser for any commission, fee or other compensation pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into by or on behalf of the Purchaser.  The Purchaser acknowledges that it is purchasing the Shares directly from the Company and not from the Placement Agent.  The Purchaser further acknowledges and understands that in consideration for its services as the placement agent for the Offering, the Placement Agent shall receive (the “Placement Agent Fee”) (i) shares of Common Stock and a warrant (collectively, the “Stock Fee”) and (ii) cash in the amount to offset expenses of the Placement Agent incurred in connection with the Offering.  The Stock Fee will be in the form of (x) shares of Common Stock equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from sales of Common Stock made in the Offering divided by the Purchase Price (the “Placement Agent Common Stock”) and (y) a 5-year warrant to purchase 10% of the shares of Common Stock sold in the Offering at an exercise price equal to the Purchase Price (the “Placement Agent Warrant”).  The Placement Agent has also been retained by the Company as an intellectual property and business strategy consultant (such services, the “Consulting Services).  The fee for the Consulting Services is 363,636 shares of Common Stock (the “Consulting Shares,” and together with the Stock Fee, the “Placement Agent Shares”), all of which have been earned and shall be issued prior to or on the First Closing Date (as defined below).
 
(h)            Investment Purpose .  Purchaser is purchasing the Shares for investment for his, her or its own account only and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, any "distribution" thereof within the meaning of the Securities Act.  Purchaser further represents that he/she/it does not presently have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person to sell, transfer or grant participations to such person or to any third person, with respect to any of the Shares.  If the Purchaser is an entity, the Purchaser represents that it has not been formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Shares.  Purchaser acknowledges that an investment in the Shares is a high-risk, speculative investment.

 
8

 
 
(i)            Reliance on Exemptions .  Purchaser understands that the Shares are being offered and sold to it in reliance upon specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying upon the truth and accuracy of, and the Purchaser’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of Purchaser set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of the Purchaser to acquire the Shares.
 
(j)            Restricted Securities .  Purchaser understands that the Shares are "restricted securities" under applicable Securities Laws and that, pursuant to these laws, Purchaser must hold the Shares indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available.  Purchaser acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to register or qualify the Shares for resale, except as provided in Section 9 herein.  Purchaser further acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period for the Shares, and requirements relating to the Company which are outside of the Purchaser's control, and which the Company is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy.
 
(k)            Professional Advice .  The Company has not received from its legal counsel, accountants or professional advisors any independent valuation of the Company or any of its equity securities, or any opinion as to the fairness of the terms of the Offering or the adequacy of disclosure of materials pertaining to the Company or the Offering.
 
(l)             Risk of Loss .  The Purchaser has adequate net worth and means of providing for his/her/its current needs and personal contingencies to sustain a complete loss of the investment in the Company at the time of investment, and the Purchaser has no need for liquidity in the investment in the Shares.  The Purchaser understands that an investment in the Shares is highly risky and that he/she/it could suffer a complete loss of his/her/its investment.
 
(m)            Information .  The Purchaser understands that any plans, estimates and projections, provided by or on behalf of the Company, involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis that may or may not be correct; that there can be no assurance that such plans, projections or goals will be attained; and that any such plans, projections and estimates should not be relied upon as a promise or representation of the future performance of the Company.  The Purchaser acknowledges that the Company, the Placement Agent nor anyone acting on the Company’s behalf makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or correctness of any such plans, estimates and projections, and there are no assurances that such plans, estimates and projections will be achieved.  The Purchaser understands that the Company’s technology is new and untested and has not been commercialized and that there is no guarantee that the technology will be successfully commercialized.  The Purchaser understands that, because the technology is new and has not been commercialized, all the risks associated with the technology are not now known.  Before investing in the Offering, the Purchaser has been given the opportunity to ask questions of the Company about the technology and the Company’s business and the Purchaser has received answers to those questions.

 
9

 
 
(n)            Affiliate Investment .  The Purchaser understands that Christopher Marlett and Robert Levande, who are affiliated with the Placement Agent, are partial equity owners in Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation, defined herein as the Major Investor.  Christopher Marlett is the Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Major Investor and the Chief Executive Officer of the Placement Agent and Robert Levande is the Secretary and a director of the Major Investor and a Senior Managing Director of Investing Banking of the Placement Agent.
 
(o)            Authorization; Enforcement .  Each Transaction Document to which a Purchaser is a party: (i) has been duly and validly authorized, (ii) has been duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Purchaser, and (iii) will constitute, upon execution and delivery by the Purchaser thereof and the Company, the valid and binding agreements of the Purchaser enforceable in accordance with their terms, except to the extent limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights and general principles of equity that restrict the availability of equitable or legal remedies.
 
(p)            Residency .  If the Purchaser is an individual, then Purchaser resides in the state or province identified in the address of such Purchaser set forth in Section 5 ; if the Purchaser is a partnership, corporation, limited liability company or other entity, then the office or offices of the Purchaser in which its principal place of business is identified in the address or addresses of the Purchaser set forth in Section 5 .
 
(q)            Communication of Offer . The Purchaser was contacted by either the Company or the Placement Agent with respect to a potential investment in the Shares.  The Purchaser is not purchasing the Shares as a result of any “general solicitation” or “general advertising,” as such terms are defined in Regulation D of the Securities Act, which includes, but is not limited to, any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Shares published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or on the internet or broadcast over television, radio or the internet or presented at any seminar or any other general solicitation or general advertisement.
 
(r)            No Conflicts .  The execution, delivery and performance by the Purchaser of this Agreement and the consummation by the Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (i) result in a violation of the organizational documents of the Purchaser (if the Purchaser is an entity), (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Purchaser is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws) applicable to the Purchaser.

 
10

 

(s)            Organization .  If the Purchaser is an entity, it is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with the requisite corporate or partnership power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the applicable Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder.  If the Purchaser is an entity, the execution, delivery and performance by the Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or, if the Purchaser is not a corporation, such partnership, limited liability company or other applicable like action, on the part of the Purchaser.
 
(t)            No Other Representations .  Other than the representations and warranties contained herein, such Purchaser has not received and is not relying on any representation, warranties or assurances as to the Company, its business or its prospects from the Company or any other person or entity.
 
(u)            Legal Representation .  Purchaser hereby acknowledges that: (a) the Major Investor and Placement Agent have retained Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP (“Manatt”) as their respective legal counsel in connection with this Agreement, the Offering, and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and that the Company shall be responsible for paying the fees and expenses of Manatt in connection therewith (up to $30,000), (b) the interests of the Major Investor and Placement Agent may not necessarily coincide with the interests of the Purchaser, (c) Manatt or its affiliates (the “Manatt Investor”) may invest in the Offering, (d) Manatt does not represent any investor in the Offering other than Major Investor and the Manatt Investor, and (e)  Purchaser has had the opportunity to consult with his/her/its own counsel and has not relied on Manatt for legal counsel in connection with this Agreement and the Offering and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.
 
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5.            Purchaser Information .
 
(a)            Status as an Accredited Investor .  By initialing the appropriate space(s) below, the Purchaser represents and warrants that he/she/it is an "Accredited Investor" within the meaning of Regulation D of the Securities Act.
 
¨   a.
A director, executive officer or general partner of Company.
¨   b.
A natural person whose individual net worth or joint net worth with spouse at time of purchase exceeds $1,000,000.  (In calculation of net worth, you may include equity in personal property and real estate ( excluding your principal residence), cash, short term investments, stocks and securities.  Equity in personal property and real estate should be based on the fair market value of such property less debt secured by such property.)
¨   c.
A natural person who had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of two most recent years or joint income with spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching same level of income in current year.
¨   d.
A corporation, limited liability company, partnership, tax-exempt organization (under Section 501(c)(3) of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) or Massachusetts or similar business trust (i) not formed for specific purpose of acquiring Common Stock and (ii) having total assets in excess of $5,000,000.
¨   e.
An entity which falls within one of following categories of institutional accredited investors, set forth in 501(a) of Regulation D under Securities Act [if you have marked this category, also mark which of following items describes you:]
 
¨   1.
A bank as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in Section 3(a)(5)(A) of Securities Act whether acting in its individual or a fiduciary capacity.
 
¨   2.
A broker/dealer registered pursuant to Section 15 of Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
¨   3.
An insurance company as defined in Section 2(13) of Securities Act.
 
¨   4.
An investment company registered under Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in Section 2(a)(48) of that act.
 
¨   5.
A Small Business Investment Company licensed by U.S. Small Business Administration under Section 301(c) or (d) of Small Business Investment Act of 1958.
 
¨   6.
Any plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions for benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000.
 
¨   7.
Any private business development company as defined in Section 202(a)(22) of Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
 
¨   8.
An employee benefit plan within meaning of Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, if investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in Section 3(21) of such act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company or registered investment adviser, or if employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors.
 
¨   9.
A trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for specific purpose of acquiring Class A Common Stock offered, whose purchase is directed by sophisticated person as described in Rule 506(b)(2)(ii) of Regulation D.
¨   f.
An entity in which all equity owners are accredited investors as described above.
 
PURCHASER MUST INDICATE THE APPLICABLE CATEGORY OR CATEGORIES BY INITIALING EACH APPLICABLE SPACE ABOVE; IF JOINT INVESTORS, BOTH PARTIES MUST INITIAL.

 
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(b)            Subscription Information .  Please complete the following information.
 
 Shares :
_______________
   
 Subscription Amount (@ $2.75 per share) :
$_______________
 
 
 
Name Purchaser would like to appear on Company's Ledger of Common Stock
 
Indicate ownership as:
 
____ (a)
 
Individual
   
____ (b)
 
Community Property
   
____ (c)
 
Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship
 
) All parties
____ (d)
 
Tenants in Common
 
) must sign
____ (e)
 
Corporate
   
____ (f)
 
Partnership
   
____ (g)
  
Trust
  
 

   
Address of Residence
Address for Sending Notices
(or Business, if not an individual)
(if different)

   
City, State and Zip Code
City, State and Zip Code

   
Telephone Number
Telephone Number
 
The Purchaser is a resident of, or (in the case of an entity) is organized under the laws of, the State of ______________________________.

Purchaser's Taxpayer ID or Social Security No.:
 
Citizen of:
 
E-mail Address:
 

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6.            Covenants .  In addition to the other agreements and covenants set forth herein, the applicable parties hereto covenant as follows:
 
(a)            Use of Proceeds; Conversion of Certain Unpaid Compensation .  The Company will use the net proceeds from the Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes, including for the purpose of retiring no more than $178,400 in certain current liabilities (the “Permitted Liability Payment”), which are listed on Schedule 6(a) to this Agreement.  A more detailed description of the way in which the Company will use the proceeds from the Offering is included on Schedule 6(a) of this Agreement.  The Company shall cause any accrued but unpaid compensation as of the First Closing Date (as defined below) that is not paid out by the Permitted Liability Payment to be converted to shares of Common Stock at a price equal to the Purchase Price.
 
(b)            Agreement Regarding New Debt .  The Company agrees that during the period of time from the date the first Security is sold (the “First Closing Date”) and the date the registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to Section 9(a) becomes effective (such date, the “End Date”), it will not incur any additional significant debt without the prior written approval of the Placement Agent, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.  For purposes of this Section 6(b) , “significant debt” is defined as a single occurrence of borrowing outside the normal course of the Company’s business that is in excess of $25,000.
 
(c)            Other Restrictions and Obligations .  The Company agrees that for the period of time from the First Closing Date until the End Date, it will:
 
(i)           not issue any shares of Preferred Stock or any securities or instruments convertible into Preferred Stock;
 
(ii)          not issue any options or rights to purchase stock of the Company to any officer, director, employee, or consultant of the Company unless such options or rights vest equally over a period of thirty-six (36) months or longer; and
 
(iii)         require their officers, directors, employees and consultants to execute and deliver an Employee Proprietary Information and Inventions Agreement substantially in a form of Exhibit E attached hereto.
 
(d)            Board of Directors .  The Company agrees that immediately upon the registration of any capital stock of the Company (or its successor) under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), the Company shall cause (i) the number of members of the Board to be increased  to five and (ii) the appointment of three independent directors who are reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent.
 
Pursuant to Section 11(b) of this Agreement, the Placement Agent may, in its sole discretion, waive any of the foregoing covenants of the Company in this Section 6 , on behalf of the Purchaser.

 
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7.            Market Stand-Off .
 
(a)            Lock-Up .  In connection with the initial underwritten public offering by the Company of its equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act, Purchaser shall not, without the prior written consent of the Company’s managing underwriter, (i) lend, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (whether such shares or any such securities are then owned by the Purchaser or are thereafter acquired), or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.  Such restriction (the "Market Stand-Off") shall be in effect for such period of time following the date of the final prospectus for the offering as may be requested by the Company or such underwriters.  In no event, however, shall such period exceed 180 days or such longer period requested by the underwriters to comply with regulatory restrictions on the publication of research reports (including, without limitation, NASD 2711).  In the event of the declaration of a stock dividend, a spin-off, a stock split, an adjustment in conversion ratio, a recapitalization or a similar transaction affecting the Company's outstanding securities without receipt of consideration, any new, substituted or additional securities that are by reason of such transaction distributed with respect to any Company Common Stock subject to the Market Stand-Off, or into which such Company Common Stock thereby becomes convertible, shall immediately be subject to the Market Stand-Off.  To enforce the Market Stand-Off, the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the Shares until the end of the applicable stand-off period.  This Section 7(a) shall not apply to Shares registered in the public offering under the Securities Act, and the Purchaser shall be subject to this Section 7(a) only if the directors and officers of the Company are subject to similar arrangements.
 
(b)           Acknowledgement Regarding Major Investor .  The Purchaser understands and acknowledges that  to the extent (i) the Major Investor invests in the Offering and (ii) the Major Investor distributes the Securities it purchases to its stockholders (the “Major Investor Stockholders”), then, only the Affiliated Major Investor Stockholders shall be subject to the lock-up obligation described in Section 7(a) .

 
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8.            Restrictive Legends and Stop-Transfer Orders .
 
(a)            Legends .  The certificate or certificates representing the Shares shall bear the following legends (as well as any legends required by applicable state corporate law and the Securities Laws):
 
 
(i)
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH A VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF.  NO SUCH SALE OR DISTRIBUTION MAY BE EFFECTED WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (OR OTHER EVIDENCE) IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933.
 
 
(ii)
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF A SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE SHAREHOLDER DATED FEBRUARY __, 2011, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY.
 
 
(iii)
Any legend required to be placed thereon by any appropriate securities commissioner.
 
(b)           Stop-Transfer Notices .  Purchaser agrees that, to ensure compliance with the restrictions referred to herein, the Company may issue appropriate "stop transfer" instructions to its transfer agent, if any, and that, if the Company transfers its own securities, it may make appropriate notations to the same effect in its own records.
 
(c)           Refusal to Transfer .  The Company shall not be required (i) to transfer on its books any Shares that have been sold or otherwise transferred in violation of any of the provisions of this Agreement or (ii) to treat as owner of such Shares or to accord the right to vote or pay dividends to any purchaser or other transferee to whom such Shares shall have been so transferred.
 
(d)           Removal of Legend .  The Shares held by Purchaser will no longer be subject to the legend referred to in Section 8(a)(ii) following the expiration or termination of the lock-up provisions of Section 7 (and of any agreement entered pursuant to Section 7 ).  After such time, and upon Purchaser's request, a new certificate or certificates representing the Shares shall be issued without the legend referred to in Section 8(a)(ii) , and delivered to Purchaser.
 
9.            Public Company Status; Piggyback Registration .
 
(a)            Public Company Status .  The Company will use reasonable best efforts to become a publicly traded and publicly reporting company under both the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including without limitation, it will use reasonable best efforts to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form S-1 covering the registration of Common Stock of the Company  within 120 days after the First Closing Date, and shall cause such registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC within 180 days after the First Closing Date, and the Company shall take all such other actions associated with being a publicly traded company, including, if the Company qualifies, or can reasonably take appropriate actions to qualify (such determination to be made at the sole discretion of the Placement Agent), for listing on The NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”), filing an application for listing the Common Stock on NASDAQ, or such other exchange as agreed to by the Company and the Placement Agent.

 
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(b)            Piggyback Registration Rights .  The Company agrees that if, after the date hereof, the Board shall authorize the filing of a registration statement under the Securities Act (other than a registration statement on Form S-8, Form S-4 or any other form that does not include substantially the same information as would be required in a form for the general registration of securities) in connection with the proposed offer of any of its securities by it or any corporation with which it may combine or merge subsequent to the Offering, the Company shall: (A) promptly notify the Purchaser that such registration statement will be filed and that the Shares purchased pursuant to this Agreement and then held by the Purchaser (hereinafter the “Registrable Securities”) will be included in such registration statement at such Purchaser’s request; (B) cause such registration statement to cover all of such Registrable Securities issued to such Purchaser for which such Purchaser requests inclusion; (C) use reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable; and (D) take all other reasonable action necessary under any Federal or state law or regulation of any governmental authority to permit all such Registrable Securities that have been issued to such Purchaser to be sold or otherwise disposed of, and will maintain such compliance with each such Federal and state law and regulation of any governmental authority for the period necessary for such Purchaser to promptly effect the proposed sale or other disposition, but no later than the date that, assuming compliance with all of the requirements of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, the Purchaser would be entitled to sell the Registrable Securities pursuant to Rule 144.  If the Purchaser desires to include in such registration statement all or any part of the Registrable Securities held by him/her/it, he/she/it shall, within twenty (20) days after the above-described notice from the Company, so notify the Company in writing.  Such notice shall state the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities by the Purchaser.  If the Purchaser decides not to include all of his/her/its Registrable Securities in any registration statement thereafter filed by the Company, the Purchaser shall nevertheless continue to have the right to include any Registrable Securities in any subsequent registration statement or registration statements as may be filed by the Company with respect to offerings of its securities, all upon the terms and conditions set forth herein.  As used in this Section 9 , the term "Shares" refers to the purchased Shares, all securities received in replacement of or in connection with the Shares pursuant to stock dividends or splits, all securities received in replacement of the Shares in a recapitalization, merger, reorganization, exchange or the like, and all new, substituted or additional securities or other properties to which Purchaser is entitled by reason of Purchaser's ownership of the Shares.

 
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(c)            Underwriting Requirements .  In connection with any registration statement subject to Section 9(b) involving an underwritten offering of shares of the Company’s capital stock, the Company shall not be required to include any of the Purchaser’s Registrable Securities in such underwriting unless the Purchaser accepts the terms of the underwriting as agreed upon between the Company and its underwriters, and then only in such quantity as the Placement Agent in its sole discretion determines will not jeopardize the success of the offering by the Company.  If the total number of Securities and Placement Agent Shares to be included in such offering (the “Requested Securities”) exceeds the number of securities to be sold (other than by the Company) that the Placement Agent in its reasonable discretion determine is compatible with the success of the offering, then the Company shall be required to include in the offering only that number of such Requested Securities, which the Placement Agent in its sole discretion determines will not jeopardize the success of the offering.  If the Placement Agent determine that less than all of the Requested Securities requested to be registered can be included in such offering, then the securities to be registered that are included in such offering shall be allocated among the holders of the Securities and Placement Agent Shares (collectively, the “Holders”) in proportion (as nearly as practicable to) the number of Requested Securities owned by each Holder.  To facilitate the allocation of shares in accordance with the above provisions, the Company or the underwriters may round the number of shares allocated to any Holder to the nearest 10 shares.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the number of Requested Securities included in the offering be reduced below thirty percent (30%) of the total number of securities included in such offering, unless such offering is the initial public offering of the Company, in which case the Holders may be excluded further if the Placement Agent makes the determination described above and no other shareholder’s securities are included in such offering.  For purposes of the provision in this Section 9(c) concerning apportionment, for any Holder that is a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, the partners, members, retired partners, retired members, stockholders, and affiliates of such Holder, or the estates and immediate family members of any such partners, retired partners, members, and retired members and any trusts for the benefit of any of the foregoing persons, shall be deemed to be a single “Holder,” and any pro rata reduction with respect to such “Holder” shall be based upon the aggregate number of Requested Securities owned by all persons included in such “Holder,” as defined in this sentence.
 
(d)            Abandonment or Delay of Registration .  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 9 , the Company may at any time abandon or delay any registration commenced by the Company.  In the event of such an abandonment by the Company, the Company shall not be required to continue registration of the Registrable Securities requested by the Purchaser for inclusion, the Purchaser shall retain the right to request inclusion of the Registrable Securities as set forth above and the withdrawn registration shall not be deemed to be a registration request for the purposes of this Section 9 .
 
(e)            Expenses .  The Holders shall be responsible for all underwriting discounts and selling commissions with respect to the Purchaser’s Registrable Securities being sold.  The Company will pay all other expenses incurred by it associated with each registration, including, without limitation, all filing and printing fees, the Company’s counsel and accounting fees and expenses, costs associated with clearing the Purchaser’s Registrable Securities for sale under applicable Securities Laws, listing fees, and reasonable fees and disbursements of a single special counsel to the Holders having securities being registered under such registration statement.

 
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(f)            Qualification in States .  Prior to any public offering of Registrable Securities, the Company will use reasonable best efforts to register or qualify or cooperate with the Purchaser and applicable counsel to the holders of securities being registered in connection with the registration or qualification of the Registrable Securities for offer and sale under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions requested by the Purchaser as shall be reasonably appropriate in the opinion of the Company and do any and all other commercially reasonable acts or things necessary or advisable to enable the distribution in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities covered by the registration statement ;   provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (i) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 9(f) , (ii) subject itself to general taxation in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be so subject but for this Section 9(f) , or (iii) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction; and provided further that (notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary with respect to the bearing of expenses) if any jurisdiction in which any of such Registrable Securities shall be qualified shall require that expenses incurred in connection with the qualification therein of any such Registrable Securities be borne by the selling holders of securities to be registered, then the such selling holders shall, to the extent required by such jurisdiction, pay their pro rata share of such qualification expenses.
 
(g)           Effectiveness .
 
(i)           Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company shall use reasonable best efforts to have the registration statement filed pursuant to this Section 9 declared effective.  The Company shall notify the Purchaser by facsimile or e-mail as promptly as practicable after the registration statement is declared effective and shall simultaneously provide the Purchaser with copies of any related prospectus to be used in connection with the sale or other disposition of the Registrable Securities covered thereby.
 
(ii)          The Company may delay the disclosure of material non-public information concerning the Company by suspending the use of any prospectus included in any registration statement contemplated hereunder required to contain such information, the disclosure of which at the time is not, in the good faith opinion of the Company, in the best interests of the Company (an “ Allowed Delay ”); provided, that the Company shall promptly (a) notify the Purchaser in writing of the existence of (but in no event, without obtaining an agreement from the Purchaser agreeing to keep the information confidential, shall the Company disclose to such Purchaser any of the facts or circumstances regarding) material non-public information giving rise to an Allowed Delay, (b) advise the Purchaser in writing to cease all sales under the registration statement until the end of the Allowed Delay and (c) use commercially reasonable efforts to terminate an Allowed Delay as promptly as practicable.
 
(h)            Other Registration Rights Agreements .  Other than as set forth on Schedule 3(b)(iii) , the Company may not grant registration rights to holders of their capital stock that are better than the rights granted herein without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent.  Nothing in this Agreement shall limit the Company’s right to grant registration rights identical to those granted herein to other investors in the Offering; provided, however, that, the Company may grant rights better than the rights granted herein, including without limitation demand registration rights, to the Major Investor to the extent Major Investor invests in the Offering.
 
Pursuant to Section 11(b) of this Agreement, the Placement Agent may, in its sole discretion, waive any of the foregoing covenants of the Company in this Section 9 , on behalf of the Purchaser.

 
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10.          Conditions to Closing .
 
(a)            Conditions to the Company’s Obligation to Sell .  The obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell the Shares to the Purchaser is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the applicable Closing Date of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Company’s sole benefit and may be waived by the Company at any time in its sole discretion:
 
(i)           The Purchaser shall have complied with Section 2(a) ;
 
(ii)          The representations and warranties of the Purchaser shall be true and correct in all material respects; and
 
(iii)         No litigation, statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by or in any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction or any self-regulatory organization having authority over the matters contemplated hereby which prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 
(b)            Conditions to Each Purchaser’s Obligation to Purchase .  The obligation of the Purchaser hereunder to purchase the Shares is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the applicable Closing Date of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Purchaser’s sole benefit and may be waived by the Purchaser at any time in his/her/its sole discretion:
 
(i)           The Company shall have complied with Section 2(c) ;
 
(ii)          The representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct as of the applicable Closing Date, and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the applicable Closing Date.  The Purchaser shall have received a certificate or certificates, executed by the chief executive officer of the Company, dated as of the applicable Closing Date, to the foregoing effect and as to such other matters as may be reasonably requested by the Purchaser including, but not limited to certificates with respect to the Company’s charter, by-laws and Board of Directors’ resolutions relating to the transactions contemplated hereby;
 
(iii)         No litigation, statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by or in any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction or any self-regulatory organization having authority over the matters contemplated hereby which prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;
 
(iv)        No event shall have occurred which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 
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(v)          The Company shall have caused its legal counsel, Richardson & Patel LLP to deliver a legal opinion addressed to the Purchaser with respect to the matters set forth on Exhibit D attached hereto; and
 
(vi)         The Company shall have provided such other documents as the Placement Agent may reasonably request, each in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent.
 
11.          Miscellaneous .
 
(a)            Governing Law .  This Agreement and all acts and transactions pursuant hereto and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall be governed, construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law.
 
(b)           Entire Agreement; Enforcement of Rights .  This Agreement together with the exhibits and schedules attached hereto, set forth the entire agreement and understanding of the parties relating to the subject matter herein and supersedes any and all prior agreements or discussions between them, including any term sheet, letter of intent or other document executed by the parties prior to the date hereof relating to such subject matter.  No modification of or amendment to this Agreement, nor any waiver of any rights under this Agreement, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement; provided, however, that the Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent may, in its sole discretion acting by prior written consent on behalf of Purchaser, waive any covenant of the Company described in Section 6 and Section 9 .  The failure by either party to enforce any rights under this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any rights of such party.
 
(c)            Severability .  If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held to be   unenforceable under applicable law, the parties agree to renegotiate such provision in good faith.  If the parties cannot reach a mutually agreeable and enforceable replacement for such provision, then (i) such provision shall be excluded from this Agreement, (ii) the balance of the Agreement shall be interpreted as if such provision were so excluded and (iii) the balance of the Agreement shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms.
 
(d)            Construction .  This Agreement is the result of negotiations between and has been reviewed by each of the parties hereto and their respective counsel, if any; accordingly, this Agreement shall be deemed to be the product of all of the parties hereto, and no ambiguity shall be construed in favor of or against any one of the parties hereto.
 
(e)            Notices .  Any notice required or permitted by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficient when delivered personally or sent by fax or 48 hours after being deposited in the U.S. mail, as certified or registered mail, with postage prepaid, and addressed to the party to be notified at such party's address or fax number as set forth below or as subsequently modified by written notice.
 
(f)            Counterparts .  This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one instrument.

 
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(g)           Successors and Assigns .  The rights and benefits of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the Company's successors and assigns.  The covenants and obligations of the Company hereunder, including without limitation the registration obligations described in Section 9 , shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the Purchaser against the Company, its successors and assigns, including any entity into which the Company is merged.  The rights and obligations of Purchaser under this Agreement may only be assigned with the prior written consent of the Company.
 
(h)           Third Party Beneficiary .  This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the undersigned parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and the Placement Agent, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other person.
 
(i)            Further Assurances .  Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
(j)            Expenses .  Each party shall pay all costs and expenses that it incurs with respect to the negotiation, execution, delivery and performance of the Agreement; provided, however, that the Company shall, on the First Closing Date, reimburse the fees and expenses of Manatt as counsel to the Placement Agent and Major Investor, up to $30,000.
 
(k)            Survival .  The representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made herein shall survive the closing of the transaction contemplated hereby.  All statements as to factual matters contained in any certificate or other instrument delivered by or on behalf of the Company pursuant hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall be deemed to be representations and warranties by the Company hereunder solely as of the date of such certificate or instrument.  The representations, warranties, covenants and obligations of the Company, and the rights and remedies that may be exercised by the Purchaser, shall not be limited or otherwise affected by or as a result of any information furnished to, or any investigation made by or knowledge of, any of the Purchaser or any of their representatives
 
(l)            Attorneys’ Fees .  In the event that any suit or action is instituted under or in relation to this Agreement, including without limitation to enforce any provision in this Agreement, the prevailing party in such dispute shall be entitled to recover from the losing party all fees, costs and expenses of enforcing any right of such prevailing party under or with respect to this Agreement, including without limitation, such reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys and accountants, which shall include, without limitation, all fees, costs and expenses of appeals.
 
(m)           Remedies .  All remedies afforded to any party by law or contract, shall be cumulative and not alternative and are in addition to all other rights and remedies a party may have, including any right to equitable relief and any right to sue for damages as a result of a breach of this Agreement.  Without limiting the foregoing, no exercise of a remedy shall be deemed an election excluding any other remedy.
 
 
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(n)            Consent of Spouse .  If the Purchaser is married on the date of this Agreement, such Purchaser’s spouse shall execute and deliver to the Company the Spousal Consent, effective on the date hereof.  Notwithstanding the execution and delivery thereof, such consent shall not be deemed to confer or convey to the spouse any rights in such Purchaser’s Shares that do not otherwise exist by operation of law or the agreement of the parties.  If any Purchaser should marry or remarry subsequent to the date of this Agreement, such Purchaser shall within thirty (30) days thereafter obtain his/her new spouse’s acknowledgement of and consent to the existence and binding effect of all restrictions contained in this Agreement by causing such spouse to execute and deliver a Consent of Spouse acknowledging the restrictions and obligations contained in this Agreement and agreeing and consenting to the same.
 
[ Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank ]

 
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The Purchaser, by his or her signature below, or by that of its authorized representative, confirms that Purchaser has carefully reviewed and understands this Agreement.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Purchaser has executed this Agreement as of __________, 2011.
 
PURCHASER (if individual):
 
PURCHASER (if entity):
     
   
  
Signature
 
Name of Entity
     
  
 
By:
  
Name (type or print)
     
       
   
Name: 
  
       
  
 
Its:
  
Signature of Co-Signer (if any)
     
       
  
     
Name of Co-Signer (type or print)
  
   
 
AGREED AND ACCEPTED as of __________, 2011.
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
By: 
  
 
Rick Rutkowski, President and Chief Executive Officer

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Exhibit 10.6

Consultant Proprietary Information and Assignment of Inventions Agreement

I recognize that ClearSign Combustion Corporation a Washington corporation (“ Company ”), is engaged in the business of combustion and burners.  I understand that as part of my services to Company as a consultant, I am or may be expected to make new contributions and inventions of value to Company.

As part of the consideration for the compensation received by me from Company from time to time, I hereby agree to the terms and conditions of this agreement (“ Agreement ”) as follows:

1.            Confidential and Proprietary Information .   I acknowledge that during the course of providing consulting services to Company, I will obtain knowledge of Company’ confidential information and trade secrets which have, and will continue to have, value due to the fact that they are not generally known.  Such confidential information and trade secrets, include, but are not limited to, discoveries, developments, designs, improvements, inventions, formulas, software programs, processes, techniques, know-how, data, research techniques, scripts, customer and supplier lists, marketing, sales or other financial or business information, and all derivatives, improvements and enhancements to any of the above (“ Proprietary Information ”).  Consequently, both during the term that I render consulting services and thereafter, I agree to keep the Proprietary Information in strictest confidence.  Additionally, I agree not to use or disclose any such Proprietary Information without Company’s prior express written consent, except as may be necessary in the ordinary course of perfoming my consulting duties or as required by law.  At all times during my service to Company as a consultant, I shall promptly advise Company of any knowledge that I may have of any unauthorized release or use of the Proprietary Information, and shall take reasonable measures to prevent unauthorized persons or entities from having access to, obtaining, or being furnished with, any Propretary Information.  The term “Proprietary Information” does not include (i) any information known to me prior to disclosure by the Company or its representatives, (ii) any information which becomes available to me on a non-confidential basis from a source other than the Company who is not bound by a confidentiality agreement with, or any other contractual, legal or fiduciary obligation of confidentiality to, the Company or any related party with respect to such information and (iii) any information which is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by me in breach of this Agreement.  In the event that I receive a request to disclose all or any part of the Proprietary Information under the terms of a valid and effective subpoena or order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, I agree to immediately notify the Company of the existence, terms and circumstances surrounding such a request.  The Company agrees to assume, at its sole charge and expense, any costs that are the direct result of actions taken at the direction or request of the Company (and, if any payments are made by me, to promptly reimburse me for such payments), including any fees and disbursements to legal counsel that I incur.

2.            Assignment of Proprietary Information and Inventions .   I agree that all results and proceeds of the services I render to Company as a consultant (including, without limitation, any discoveries, inventions, formulas, software programs, processes, techniques, know-how, data, research techniques, drawings, sketches, characters or storylines), in all stages of completion (collectively, the “ Inventions ”), have been specially ordered or commissioned by Company and shall be considered “works made for hire” (as such term is defined under U.S. copyright law) with Company being the author thereof.  To the extent any Inventions do not qualify as a “work made for hire” under applicable law, or to the extent that any jurisdiction should fail to deem the Inventions as copyrightable work prepared by me within the scope of my consulting duties with Company, I hereby irrevocably and unconditionally assign to Company all rights (including, without limitation, moral and sublicensing rights), title, and interest in and to all such Inventions.  Accordingly, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Company shall be deemed to own, without any restrictions or limitations whatsoever, the sole and exclusive rights to prepare derivative works based on the Inventions and to reproduce, adapt, distribute, publicly perform and display, and otherwise exploit the Inventions and such derivative works, by any and all means and in any and all media now or hereafter known, throughout the world and in perpetuity.

 
 

 

3.            Waiver of Enforcement of Rights .   Subject to the above paragraph and to the extent any of my rights in the Inventions, including without limitation any moral rights, are not capable of assignment under applicable law, I hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive all enforcement of such rights to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law.
 
4.            Property Right Registration and Execution of Necessary Documents .   At the request of Company and at its expense, I agree to execute and deliver to Company such additional instruments (including, without limitation, patent applications, certificates of authorship, and other instruments appropriate for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights to Company throughout the world), and take such other actions, as Company may reasonably request to confirm, evidence or carry out the grants of rights contemplated under this Agreement.  My obligations under this paragraph will apply both during and indefinitely after the term that I render my consulting services.
 
5.            Returning Company Documents and Other Tangible Items .   All materials, including without limitation documents, drawings, models, apparatus, sketches, designs, computer media, electronic files and lists (“ Materials ”), which are furnished to me by Company or which are developed by me in the course of my services as a consultant shall remain the property of Company, and shall be promptly returned to Company in the event I cease to render consulting services to Company.
 
6.            Exception to Assignment of Inventions .   Attached is a list describing all inventions or improvements relevant to the subject matter of my consulting services that have been made or conceived of or first reduced to practice by me alone or jointly with others before my services to Company as a consultant and that are excluded from this Agreement (“ Prior Inventions ”).  I represent and warrant that such list is complete.  If no such list is attached, I represent that there are no Prior Inventions.
 
7.            Other Obligations .   I represent and warrant that (1) my performance of all of the terms of this Agreement and as a consultant to Company does not and will not breach any agreement to keep in confidence Proprietary Information acquired by me in confidence or in trust prior to my engagement as a consultant with Company; (2) I have not and shall not enter into any agreement, either written or oral, in conflict with this Agreement; (3) I have not brought and will not bring to Company, or use in the course of providing my services as a consultant, any materials or documents of persons (which term, for purposes of this Agreement, shall include persons, firms, corporations, and other entities for which I have acted as an independent contractor or consultant) that are not generally available to the public, unless I first obtain written authorization from any such persons for their possession and use; and (4) to the best of my knowledge, any Materials or Inventions that I create and/or provide to Company during the course of providing services as a consultant do not and will not infringe upon, violate or misappropriate, any patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark, contract, or any other publicity right, privacy right, or proprietary right of any third party.

8.            Non-Solicitation of Employees or Consultants .   During the period that I provide consulting services and for a period of one (1) year after the cessation of my engagement as a consultant with Company, I shall not directly or indirectly, either alone or in concert with others, solicit or entice any employee of, or consultant to, Company to leave Company or work for anyone in competition with Company.

 
2

 

9.            Availability of Equitable Relief .   I acknowledge that irreparable injury will result to Company from my violation of any of the terms of this Agreement.  I expressly agree that Company shall be entitled, in addition to damages and any other remedies provided by law, to an injunction or other equitable remedy respecting such violation or continued violation.

10.            Choice of Law and Attorney’s Fees .   This Agreement, and any dispute arising from the relationship between the parties to this Agreement, shall be governed by and construed under and according to Washington law.  In any litigation, arbitration, or other proceeding by which one party either seeks to enforce its rights under this Agreement (whether in contract, tort, or both) or seeks a declaration of any rights or obligations under this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be awarded reasonable attorney fees, together with any costs and expenses, to resolve the dispute and to enforce the final judgment.

11.            Enforceability and Severability .   If a court or an arbitrator of competent jurisdiction holds any provision of this Agreement to be illegal, unenforceable, or invalid in whole or in part for any reason, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions, or portions of them, shall not be affected.

12.            No Waiver .   No waiver of a breach, failure of any condition, or any right or remedy contained in or granted by the provisions of this Agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the party waiving the breach, failure, right, or remedy, nor shall any waiver constitute a continuing waiver unless the writing so specifies.

13.            Amendment and Modification .   This Agreement may be supplemented, amended, or modified only by the mutual agreement of the parties.  No supplement, amendment, or modification of this Agreement shall be binding unless it is in writing and signed by both Company and me.

14.            Entire Agreement .   This Agreement, and the exhibits referred to in this Agreement, constitute the final, complete, and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement between the parties pertaining to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings or agreements of the parties.  No party has been induced to enter into this Agreement by, nor is any party relying on, any representation or warranty outside those expressly set forth in this Agreement.

15.            Paragraph Titles .   The titles of paragraphs are inserted solely for convenience, are not part of the Agreement, and should not be interpreted as part thereof.

I HAVE READ THIS AGREEMENT IN ITS ENTIRETY, UNDERSTAND IT COMPLETELY, AND BY MY SIGNATURE BELOW AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS HEREIN.

[SIGNATURE APPEARS ON NEXT PAGE]

 
3

 

ACCEPTED AND AGREED:
 
 
[Signature]
 
 
[Print Name]
 
 
[Date]
 
 
4

 


Prior Inventions

Except as set forth below, I acknowledge at this time that I have not made or reduced to practice (alone or jointly with others) any inventions and/or improvements:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

AGREED:
 
 
[Signature]
 
 
[Print Name]
 
 
[Date]
 
Prior Inventions

 
 

 

Exhibit 10.7

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION

2011 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

As Adopted January 27, 2011
 
1. 
PURPOSE.

The purpose of this Plan is to provide incentives to attract, retain and motivate eligible persons whose present and potential contributions are important to the success of the Company, and its Parent and Subsidiaries (if any), by offering them an opportunity to participate in the Company’s future performance through awards of Options, the right to purchase Common Stock and Stock Bonuses.  Capitalized terms not defined in the text are defined in Section 2.

2. 
DEFINITIONS.

As used in this Plan, the following terms will have the following meanings:

AWARD ” means any award under this Plan, including any Option, Stock Award or Stock Bonus.

AWARD AGREEMENT ” means, with respect to each Award, the signed written agreement between the Company and the Participant setting forth the terms and conditions of the Award.

BOARD ” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

CAUSE ” means any cause, as defined by applicable law, for the termination of a Participant’s employment with the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company.

CODE ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

COMMON STOCK ” means the common stock, $0.0001 par value, of ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation, or any successor corporation.

 “ COMPANY ” means ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation, or any successor corporation.

COMMITTEE ” means that committee appointed by the Board of Directors to administer and interpret the Plan as more particularly described in Section 5 of the Plan; provided, however , that the term Committee will refer to the Board of Directors during such times as no Committee is appointed by the Board of Directors.

DISABILITY ” means a disability, whether temporary or permanent, partial or total, as determined by the Committee.

EXCHANGE ACT ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 
 

 
EXERCISE PRICE ” means the price at which a holder of an Option may purchase the Shares issuable upon exercise of the Option.

FAIR MARKET VALUE ” means, as of any date, the value of a share of the Company’s Common Stock determined as follows:

(a)           if such Common Stock is publicly traded and is then listed on a national securities exchange or on Nasdaq, its official closing price on the date of determination on the principal national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading or on Nasdaq;

(b)           if such Common Stock is quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, its last sale price on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on the date of determination, provided, however, if no sale takes place on the date of determination then the Fair Market Value will be the last sale price on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on the last trading day prior to the determination date on which a sale was recorded; or

(c)           if neither of the foregoing is applicable, by the Committee in good faith.
 
INSIDER ” means an officer or director of the Company or a Ten Percent Shareholder, as defined in Section 6.3.

OPTION ” means an award of an option to purchase Shares pursuant to Section 6.

PARENT ” means any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations ending with the Company if each of such corporations other than the Company owns stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.

PARTICIPANT ” means a person who receives an Award under this Plan.

PERFORMANCE FACTORS ” means the factors selected by the Committee, in its sole and absolute discretion, from among the following measures to determine whether the performance goals applicable to Awards have been satisfied:

 
(a)
Net revenue and/or net revenue growth;

 
(b)
Earnings before income taxes and amortization and/or earnings before income taxes and amortization growth;

 
(c)
Operating income and/or operating income growth;

 
(d)
Net income and/or net income growth;

 
(e)
Earnings per share and/or earnings per share growth;

 
(f)
Total shareholder return and/or total shareholder return growth;

 
(g)
Return on equity;

 
(h)
Operating cash flow return on income;

 
(i)
Adjusted operating cash flow return on income;

 
 

 
 
 
(j)
Economic value added; and

 
(k)
Individual business objectives.

PERFORMANCE PERIOD ” means the period of service determined by the Committee, not to exceed five years, during which years of service or performance is to be measured for Stock Awards or Stock Bonuses, if such Awards are restricted.

PLAN ” means this ClearSign Combustion Corporation 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.

PURCHASE PRICE means the price at which the Participant of a Stock Award may purchase the Shares.

SHARES ” means shares of the Company’s Common Stock reserved for issuance under this Plan, as adjusted pursuant to Sections 3 and 18, and any successor security.

STOCK AWARD ” means an award of Shares pursuant to Section 7.

STOCK BONUS ” means an award of Shares pursuant to Section 8.

SUBSIDIARY ” means any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Company if each of the corporations other than the last corporation in the unbroken chain owns stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.

TERMINATION ” or “ TERMINATED ” means, for purposes of this Plan with respect to a Participant, that the Participant has for any reason ceased to provide services as an employee, officer, director, consultant, independent contractor or advisor to the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company.  An employee will not be deemed to have ceased to provide services in the case of (i) sick leave, (ii) military leave, or (iii) any other leave of absence approved by the Company, provided that such leave is for a period of not more than 90 days, unless reemployment upon the expiration of such leave is guaranteed by contract or statute or unless provided otherwise pursuant to a formal policy adopted from time to time by the Company and issued and promulgated to employees in writing.  In the case of any employee on an approved leave of absence, the Committee may make such provisions respecting suspension of vesting of the Award while on leave from the employ of the Company or a Subsidiary as it may deem appropriate, except that in no event may an Option be exercised after the expiration of the term set forth in the Option agreement.  The Committee will have sole discretion to determine whether a Participant has ceased to provide services and the effective date on which the Participant ceased to provide services (the “Termination Date”).

3. 
SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN.

3.1            Number of Shares Available .  Subject to Sections 3.2, 3.3 and 18, the total aggregate number of Shares reserved and available for grant and issuance pursuant to this Plan, shall be 500,000 Shares and will include Shares that are subject to:  (a) issuance upon exercise of an Option but cease to be subject to such Option for any reason other than exercise of such Option; (b) an Award granted hereunder but forfeited or repurchased by the Company at the original issue price; and (c) an Award that otherwise terminates without Shares being issued.  At all times the Company shall reserve and keep available a sufficient number of Shares as shall be required to satisfy the requirements of all outstanding Options granted under this Plan and all other outstanding but unvested Awards granted under this Plan.
 
 
 

 
 
3.2            Increase in Number of Shares Available .  The maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be granted under the Plan will be increased effective the first day of each of the Company’s fiscal quarters, beginning with the fiscal quarter commencing October 1, 2011, (the “Adjustment Date”) by an amount equal to the lesser of:

(i)           10% of the difference between the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the applicable Adjustment Date and the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at the beginning of the fiscal quarter immediately preceding the Adjustment Date; or

(ii)           such lesser number of Shares as may be determined by the Board.

3.3            Adjustment of Shares .  In the event that the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is changed by a stock dividend, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, subdivision, combination, reclassification or similar change in the capital structure of the Company without consideration, then (a) the number of Shares reserved for issuance under this Plan, (b) the Exercise Prices of and number of Shares subject to outstanding Options, and (c) the number of Shares subject to other outstanding Awards will be proportionately adjusted, subject to any required action by the Board or the shareholders of the Company and compliance with applicable securities laws; provided, however, that fractions of a Share will not be issued but will either be replaced by a cash payment equal to the Fair Market Value of such fraction of a Share or will be rounded up to the nearest whole Share, as determined by the Committee.

4. 
ELIGIBILITY.

ISOs (as defined in Section 6 below) may be granted only to employees (including officers and directors who are also employees) of the Company or of a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company.  All other Awards may be granted to employees, officers, directors, consultants, independent contractors and advisors of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, provided such consultants, independent contractors and advisors are natural persons who render bona-fide services not in connection with the offer and sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction or promotion of the Company’s securities.  A person may be granted more than one Award under this Plan.

5. 
ADMINISTRATION.

 
5.1 
Committee .

(a)           The Plan shall be administered and interpreted by a committee consisting of two or more members of the Board.

(b)           Members of the Committee may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the Board.  The Board shall fill vacancies in the Committee.  The Committee shall act by a majority of its members in office.  The Committee may act either by vote at a meeting or by a memorandum or other written instrument signed by a majority of the Committee.
 
 
 

 
 
(c)           If the Board, in its discretion, does not appoint a Committee, the Board itself will administer and interpret the Plan and take such other actions as the Committee is authorized to take hereunder; provided that the Board may take such actions hereunder in the same manner as the Board may take other actions under the Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws of the Company generally.

5.2            Committee Authority .  Without limitation, the Committee will have the authority to:

(a)           construe and interpret this Plan, any Award Agreement and any other agreement or document executed pursuant to this Plan;

(b)           prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to this Plan or any Award;

(c)           select persons to receive Awards;

(d)           determine the form and terms of Awards;

(e)           determine the number of Shares or other consideration subject to Awards;

(f)           determine whether Awards will be granted singly, in combination with, in tandem with, in replacement of, or as alternatives to, other Awards under this Plan or any other incentive or compensation plan of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company;

(g)           grant waivers of Plan or Award conditions;

(h)           determine the vesting, exercisability and payment of Awards;

(i)           correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in this Plan, any Award or any Award Agreement;

(j)           determine whether an Award has been earned; and

(k)           make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of this Plan.

5.3            Committee Discretion .  Any determination made by the Committee with respect to any Award will be made at the time of grant of the Award or, unless in contravention of any express term of this Plan or Award, at any later time, and such determination will be final and binding on the Company and on all persons having an interest in any Award under this Plan.  The Committee may delegate to one or more officers of the Company the authority to grant an Award under this Plan to Participants who are not Insiders of the Company.  No member of the Committee shall be personally liable for any action taken or decision made in good faith relating to this Plan, and all members of the Committee shall be fully protected and indemnified to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law by the Company in respect to any such action, determination, or interpretation.

 
 

 
 
6. 
OPTIONS.

The Committee may grant Options to eligible persons and will determine whether such Options will be Incentive Stock Options within the meaning of the Code (“ISO”) or Nonqualified Stock Options (“NQSOs”), the number of Shares subject to the Option, the Exercise Price of the Option, the period during which the Option may be exercised, and all other terms and conditions of the Option, subject to the following:

6.1            Form of Option Grant .  Each Option granted under this Plan will be evidenced by an Award Agreement which will expressly identify the Option as an ISO or an NQSO (hereinafter referred to as the “Stock Option Agreement”), and will be in such form and contain such provisions (which need not be the same for each Participant) as the Committee may from time to time approve, and which will comply with and be subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan.

6.2            Date of Grant .  The date of grant of an Option will be the date on which the Committee makes the determination to grant such Option, unless otherwise specified by the Committee.  The Stock Option Agreement and a copy of this Plan will be delivered to the Participant within a reasonable time after the granting of the Option.

6.3            Exercise Period .  Options may be exercisable within the times or upon the events determined by the Committee as set forth in the Stock Option Agreement governing such Option; provided, however, that no Option will be exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the date the Option is granted; and provided further that no ISO granted to a person who directly or by attribution owns more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company (“Ten Percent Shareholder”) will be exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date the ISO is granted.  The Committee also may provide for Options to become exercisable at one time or from time to time, periodically or otherwise, in such number of Shares or percentage of Shares as the Committee determines, provided, however, that in all events a Participant will be entitled to exercise an Option at the rate of at least 20% per year over five years from the date of grant, subject to reasonable conditions such as continued employment; and further provided that an Option granted to a Participant who is an officer or director may become fully exercisable, subject to reasonable conditions such as continued employment, at any time or during any period established by the Company.

6.4            Exercise Price .  The Exercise Price of an Option will be determined by the Committee when the Option is granted and may be not less than 85% of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant; provided that:  (a) the Exercise Price of an ISO will be not less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant; and (b) the Exercise Price of any Option granted to a Ten Percent Shareholder will not be less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant.  Payment for the Shares purchased may be made in accordance with Section 9 of this Plan.

6.5            Method of Exercise .  Options may be exercised only by delivery to the Company of a written stock option exercise agreement  (the “Exercise Agreement”) in a form approved by the Committee, (which need not be the same for each Participant), stating the number of Shares being purchased, the restrictions imposed on the Shares purchased under such Exercise Agreement, if any, and such representations and agreements regarding the Participant’s investment intent and access to information and other matters, if any, as may be required or desirable by the Company to comply with applicable securities laws, together with payment in full of the Exercise Price for the number of Shares being purchased.

 
 

 

6.6           Termination .  Notwithstanding the exercise periods set forth in the Stock Option Agreement, exercise of an Option will always be subject to the following:

(a)           If the Participant’s service is Terminated for any reason except death or Disability, then the Participant may exercise such Participant’s Options only to the extent that such Options would have been exercisable upon the Termination Date no later than three months after the Termination Date (or such longer time period not exceeding five years as may be determined by the Committee, with any exercise beyond three months after the Termination Date deemed to be an NQSO).

(b)           If the Participant’s service is Terminated because of the Participant’s death or Disability (or the Participant dies within three (3) months after a Termination other than for Cause or because of Participant’s Disability), then the Participant’s Options may be exercised only to the extent that such Options would have been exercisable by the Participant on the Termination Date and must be exercised by the Participant (or the Participant’s legal representative) no later than 12 months after the Termination Date (or such longer time period not exceeding five years as may be determined by the Committee, with any such exercise beyond (i) three months after the Termination Date when the Termination is for any reason other than the Participant’s death or Disability, or (ii) 12 months after the Termination Date when the Termination is for Participant’s death or Disability, deemed to be an NQSO).

(c)           Notwithstanding the provisions in Section 6.6(a) above, if the Participant’s service is Terminated for Cause, neither the Participant, the Participant’s estate nor such other person who may then hold the Option shall be entitled to exercise any Option with respect to any Shares whatsoever, after Termination, whether or not after Termination the Participant may receive payment from the Company or a Subsidiary for vacation pay, for services rendered prior to Termination, for services rendered for the day on which Termination occurs, for salary in lieu of notice, or for any other benefits.  For the purpose of this paragraph, Termination shall be deemed to occur on the date when the Company dispatches notice or advice to the Participant that his service is Terminated for Cause.

6.7           Limitations on Exercise .  The Committee may specify a reasonable minimum number of Shares that may be purchased on any exercise of an Option, provided that such minimum number will not prevent the Participant from exercising the Option for the full number of Shares for which it is then exercisable.

6.8           Limitations on ISO .  The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date of grant) of Shares with respect to which ISO are exercisable for the first time by a Participant during any calendar year (under this Plan or under any other incentive stock option plan of the Company, Parent or Subsidiary of the Company) will not exceed $100,000.  If the Fair Market Value of Shares on the date of grant with respect to which ISO are exercisable for the first time by a Participant during any calendar year exceeds $100,000, then the Options for the first $100,000 worth of Shares to become exercisable in such calendar year will be ISO and the Options for the amount in excess of $100,000 that become exercisable in that calendar year will be NQSOs.  In the event that the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder are amended after the Effective Date of this Plan to provide for a different limit on the Fair Market Value of Shares permitted to be subject to ISO, such different limit will be automatically incorporated herein and will apply to any Options granted after the effective date of such amendment.

 
 

 
 
6.9            Modification, Extension or Renewal .  The Committee may modify, extend or renew outstanding Options and authorize the grant of new Options in substitution therefore, provided that any such action may not, without the written consent of a Participant, impair any of such Participant’s rights under any Option previously granted.  Any outstanding ISO that is modified, extended, renewed or otherwise altered will be treated in accordance with Section 424(h) of the Code.  The Committee may reduce the Exercise Price of outstanding Options without the consent of Participants affected by a written notice to them; provided, however, that the Exercise Price may not be reduced below the minimum Exercise Price that would be permitted under Section 6.4 of this Plan for Options granted on the date the action is taken to reduce the Exercise Price.

6.10            No Disqualification .  Notwithstanding any other provision in this Plan, no term of this Plan relating to ISO will be interpreted, amended or altered, nor will any discretion or authority granted under this Plan be exercised, so as to disqualify this Plan under Section 422 of the Code or, without the consent of the Participant affected, to disqualify any ISO under Section 422 of the Code.

7. 
STOCK AWARD.

A Stock Award is an offer by the Company to sell to an eligible person Shares that may or may not be subject to restrictions.  The Committee will determine to whom an offer will be made, the number of Shares the person may purchase, the price to be paid (the “Purchase Price”), the restrictions to which the Shares will be subject, if any, and all other terms and conditions of the Stock Award, subject to the following:

7.1            Form of Stock Award .  All purchases under a Stock Award made pursuant to this Plan will be evidenced by an Award Agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) that will be in such form (which need not be the same for each Participant) as the Committee will from time to time approve, and will comply with and be subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan.  The offer of a Stock Award will be accepted by the Participant’s execution and delivery of the Stock Purchase Agreement and payment for the Shares to the Company in accordance with the Stock Purchase Agreement.

7.2            Purchase Price .  The Purchase Price of Shares sold pursuant to a Stock Award will be determined by the Committee on the date the Stock Award is granted and may not be less than 85% of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the grant date, except in the case of a sale to a Ten Percent Shareholder, in which case the Purchase Price will be 100% of the Fair Market Value.  Payment of the Purchase Price must be made in accordance with Section 9 of this Plan.

7.3            Terms of Stock Awards .  Stock Awards may, but need not be, subject to such restrictions as the Committee may impose.  These restrictions may be based upon completion of a specified number of years of service with the Company or upon completion of the performance goals as set out in advance in the Participant’s individual Stock Purchase Agreement.  Stock Awards may vary from Participant to Participant and between groups of Participants.  Prior to the grant of a Stock Award subject to restrictions, the Committee shall:  (a) determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period for the Stock Award; (b) select from among the Performance Factors to be used to measure performance goals, if any; and (c) determine the number of Shares that may be awarded to the Participant.  Prior to the transfer of any Stock Award, the Committee shall determine the extent to which such Stock Award has been earned.  Performance Periods may overlap and Participants may participate simultaneously with respect to Stock Awards that are subject to different Performance Periods and have different performance goals and other criteria.

 
 

 
 
7.4            Termination During Performance Period .  If a Participant is Terminated during a Performance Period for any reason, then such Participant will be entitled to payment (whether in Shares, cash or otherwise) with respect to the Stock Award only to the extent earned as of the date of Termination in accordance with the Stock Purchase Agreement, unless the Committee determines otherwise.

8. 
STOCK BONUSES.

8.1            Awards of Stock Bonuses .  A Stock Bonus is an award of Shares for services rendered to the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company.  A Stock Bonus will be awarded pursuant to an Award Agreement (the “Stock Bonus Agreement”) that will be in such form (which need not be the same for each Participant) as the Committee will from time to time approve, and will comply with and be subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan.  A Stock Bonus may be awarded for general excellence of service or upon satisfaction of such performance goals as are set out in advance in the Participant’s individual Award Agreement (the “Performance Stock Bonus Agreement”) that will be in such form (which need not be the same for each Participant) as the Committee will from time to time approve, and will comply with and be subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan.  Stock Bonuses may vary from Participant to Participant and between groups of Participants, and may be based upon the achievement of the Company, Parent or Subsidiary and/or individual performance factors or upon such other criteria as the Committee may determine.

8.2            Terms of Stock Bonuses .  The Committee will determine the number of Shares to be awarded to the Participant.  If the Stock Bonus is being earned upon the satisfaction of performance goals pursuant to a Performance Stock Bonus Agreement, then the Committee will: (a) determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period for each Stock Bonus; (b) select from among the Performance Factors to be used to measure the performance, if any; and (c) determine the number of Shares that may be awarded to the Participant.  Prior to the payment of any Stock Bonus, the Committee shall determine the extent to which such Stock Bonuses have been earned.  Performance Periods may overlap and Participants may participate simultaneously with respect to Stock Bonuses that are subject to different Performance Periods and different performance goals and other criteria.  The number of Shares may be fixed or may vary in accordance with such performance goals and criteria as may be determined by the Committee.  The Committee may adjust the performance goals applicable to the Stock Bonuses to take into account changes in law and accounting or tax rules and to make such adjustments as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the impact of extraordinary or unusual items, events or circumstances to avoid windfalls or hardships.

8.3            Form of Payment .  The earned portion of a Stock Bonus may be paid to the Participant by the Company either currently or on a deferred basis, with such interest or dividend equivalent, if any, as the Committee may determine.  Payment of an interest or dividend equivalent (if any) may be made in the form of cash or whole Shares or a combination thereof, either in a lump sum payment or in installments, all as the Committee will determine.

9. 
PAYMENT FOR SHARE PURCHASES.

Payment for Shares purchased pursuant to this Plan may be made in cash (by check) or, where expressly approved for the Participant by the Committee and where permitted by law:

 
 

 

(a)           by cancellation of indebtedness of the Company to the Participant;

(b)           by surrender of shares that either: (1) have been owned by the Participant for more than six months and have been paid for within the meaning of Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 144; or (2) were obtained by the Participant in the public market;

(c)           by waiver of compensation due or accrued to the Participant for services rendered;

(d)           with respect only to purchases upon exercise of an Option, and provided that a public market for the Company’s stock exists:

 (1)           through a “same day sale” commitment from the Participant and a broker-dealer that is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (a “FINRA Dealer”) whereby the Participant irrevocably elects to exercise the Option and to sell a portion of the Shares so purchased to pay for the Exercise Price, and whereby the FINRA Dealer irrevocably commits upon receipt of such Shares to forward the Exercise Price directly to the Company; or

 (2)           through a “margin” commitment from the Participant and a FINRA Dealer whereby the Participant irrevocably elects to exercise the Option and to pledge the Shares so purchased to the NASD Dealer in a margin account as security for a loan from the FINRA Dealer in the amount of the Exercise Price, and whereby the FINRA Dealer irrevocably commits upon receipt of such Shares to forward the Exercise Price directly to the Company; or

(f)           by any combination of the foregoing.

10. 
WITHHOLDING TAXES.

10.1          Withholding Generally .  Whenever Shares are to be issued in satisfaction of Awards granted under this Plan, the Company may require the Participant to remit to the Company an amount sufficient to satisfy federal, state and local withholding tax requirements prior to the delivery of any certificate or certificates for such Shares.  Whenever, under this Plan, payments in satisfaction of Awards are to be made in cash, such payment will be net of an amount sufficient to satisfy federal, state, and local withholding tax requirements.

10.2          Stock Withholding .  When, under applicable tax laws, a participant incurs tax liability in connection with the exercise or vesting of any Award that is subject to tax withholding and the Participant is obligated to pay the Company the amount required to be withheld, the Committee may allow the Participant to satisfy the minimum withholding tax obligation by electing to have the Company withhold from the Shares to be issued that number of Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum amount required to be withheld, determined on the date that the amount of tax to be withheld is to be determined.  All elections by a Participant to have Shares withheld for this purpose will be made in accordance with the requirements established by the Committee and will be in writing in a form acceptable to the Committee.
 
 
 

 
 
11. 
PRIVILEGES OF STOCK OWNERSHIP.

11.1            Voting and Dividends .  No Participant will have any of the rights of a shareholder with respect to any Shares until the Shares are issued to the Participant.  After Shares are issued to the Participant, the Participant will be a shareholder and will have all the rights of a shareholder with respect to such Shares, including the right to vote and receive all dividends or other distributions made or paid with respect to such Shares; provided, that if such Shares are issued pursuant to a Stock Award with restrictions, then any new, additional or different securities the Participant may become entitled to receive with respect to such Shares by virtue of a stock dividend, stock split or any other change in the corporate or capital structure of the Company will be subject to the same restrictions as the Stock Award.

11.2            Financial Statements .  The Company will provide financial statements to each Participant prior to such Participant’s purchase of Shares under this Plan, and to each Participant annually during the period such Participant has Awards outstanding; provided, however, the Company will not be required to provide such financial statements to Participants whose services in connection with the Company assure them access to equivalent information.

12. 
NON-TRANSFERABILITY.

Awards of Shares granted under this Plan, and any interest therein, will not be transferable or assignable by the Participant, and may not be made subject to execution, attachment or similar process, other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.  Awards of Options granted under this Plan, and any interest therein, will not be transferable or assignable by the Participant, and may not be made subject to execution, attachment or similar process, other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.  During the lifetime of the Participant an Award will be exercisable only by the Participant.  During the lifetime of the Participant, any elections with respect to an Award may be made only by the Participant unless otherwise determined by the Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement with respect to Awards that are not ISOs.

13. 
CERTIFICATES.

All certificates for Shares or other securities delivered under this Plan will be subject to such stop transfer orders, legends and other restrictions as the Committee may deem necessary or advisable, including restrictions under any applicable federal, state or foreign securities law, or any rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any stock exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Shares may be listed or quoted.

14. 
ESCROW; PLEDGE OF SHARES.

To enforce any restrictions on a Participant’s Shares, the Committee may require the Participant to deposit all certificates representing Shares, together with stock powers or other instruments of transfer approved by the Committee appropriately endorsed in blank, with the Company or an agent designated by the Company to hold in escrow until such restrictions have lapsed or terminated, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends referencing such restrictions to be placed on the certificates.

15. 
EXCHANGE AND BUYOUT OF AWARDS.

The Committee may, at any time or from time to time, authorize the Company, with the consent of the respective Participants, to issue new Awards in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of any or all outstanding Awards.  The Committee may at any time buy from a Participant an Award previously granted with payment in cash, Shares or other consideration, based on such terms and conditions as the Committee and the Participant may agree.

 
 

 
 
16. 
SECURITIES LAW AND OTHER REGULATORY COMPLIANCE.

An Award will not be effective unless such Award is in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws, rules and regulations of any governmental body, and the requirements of any stock exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Shares may then be listed or quoted, as they are in effect on the date of grant of the Award and also on the date of exercise or other issuance. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Plan, the Company will have no obligation to issue or deliver certificates for Shares under this Plan prior to: (a) obtaining any approvals from governmental agencies that the Company determines are necessary or advisable; and/or (b) completion of any registration or other qualification of such Shares under any state or federal law or ruling of any governmental body that the Company determines to be necessary or advisable.  The Company will be under no obligation to register the Shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission or to effect compliance with the registration, qualification or listing requirements of any state securities laws, stock exchange or automated quotation system, and the Company will have no liability for any inability or failure to do so.

17. 
NO OBLIGATION TO EMPLOY.

Nothing in this Plan or any Award granted under this Plan will confer or be deemed to confer on any Participant any right to continue in the employ of, or to continue any other relationship with, the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company or limit in any way the right of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company to terminate Participant’s employment or other relationship at any time, with or without cause.

18. 
CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS.

18.1            Assumption or Replacement of Awards by Successor .  In the event of (a) a dissolution or liquidation of the Company, (b) a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving corporation (other than a merger or consolidation with a wholly-owned subsidiary, a reincorporation of the Company in a different jurisdiction, or other transaction in which there is no substantial change in the shareholders of the Company or their relative stock holdings and the Awards granted under this Plan are assumed, converted or replaced by the successor corporation, which assumption will be binding on all Participants), (c) a merger in which the Company is the surviving corporation but after which the shareholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger (other than any shareholder that merges, or which owns or controls another corporation that merges, with the Company in such merger) cease to own their shares or other equity interest in the Company, (d) the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company, or (e) the acquisition, sale, or transfer of more than 50% of the outstanding shares or the Company by tender offer or similar transaction, any or all outstanding Awards may be assumed, converted or replaced by the successor corporation (if any), which assumption, conversion or replacement will be binding on all Participants.  In the alternative, the successor corporation may substitute equivalent Awards or provide substantially similar consideration to Participants as was provided to shareholders (after taking into account the existing provisions of the Awards).  The successor corporation may also issue, in place of outstanding Shares of the Company held by the Participant, substantially similar shares or other property subject to repurchase restrictions no less favorable to the Participant.  In the event such successor corporation (if any) refuses to assume or substitute Awards, as provided above, pursuant to a transaction described in this Subsection 18.1, (i) the vesting of any or all Awards granted pursuant to this Plan will accelerate upon a transaction described in this Section 18 and (ii) any or all Options granted pursuant to this Plan will become exercisable in full prior to the consummation of such event at such time and on such conditions as the Committee determines.  If such Options are not exercised prior to the consummation of the corporate transaction, they shall terminate at such time as determined by the Committee.

 
 

 
 
18.2            Other Treatment of Awards .  Subject to any greater rights granted to Participants under the foregoing provisions of this Section 18, in the event of the occurrence of any transaction described in Section 18.1, any outstanding Awards will be treated as provided in the applicable agreement or plan of merger, consolidation, dissolution, liquidation, or sale of assets.

18.3            Assumption of Awards by the Company .  The Company, from time to time, also may substitute or assume outstanding awards granted by another company, whether in connection with an acquisition of such other company or otherwise, by either; (a) granting an Award under this Plan in substitution of such other company’s award; or (b) assuming such award as if it had been granted under this Plan if the terms of such assumed award could be applied to an Award granted under this Plan.  Such substitution or assumption will be permissible if the holder of the substituted or assumed award would have been eligible to be granted an Award under this Plan if the other company had applied the rules of this Plan to such grant.  In the event the Company assumes an award granted by another company, the terms and conditions of such award will remain unchanged (except that the exercise price and the number and nature of Shares issuable upon exercise of any such option will be adjusted appropriately pursuant to Section 424(a) of the Code).  In the event the Company elects to grant a new Option rather than assuming an existing option, such new Option may be granted with a similarly adjusted Exercise Price.

19. 
ADOPTION AND SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL.

This Plan will become effective on the date on which it is adopted by the Board (the “Effective Date”).  Upon the Effective Date, the Committee may grant Awards pursuant to this Plan.  The Company intends to seek shareholder approval of the Plan within 12 months after the date this Plan is adopted by the Board; provided, however, if the Company fails to obtain shareholder approval of the Plan during such 12-month period, pursuant to Section 422 of the Code, any Option granted as an ISO at any time under the Plan will not qualify as an ISO within the meaning of the Code and will be deemed to be an NQSO.

20. 
TERM OF PLAN/GOVERNING LAW.

Unless earlier terminated as provided herein, this Plan will terminate 10 years from the date this Plan is adopted by the Board or, if earlier, the date of shareholder approval.  This Plan and all agreements thereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington.

21. 
AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION OF PLAN.

The Board may at any time terminate or amend this Plan in any respect, including without limitation amendment of any form of Award Agreement or instrument to be executed pursuant to this Plan; provided, however, that the Board will not, without the approval of the shareholders of the Company, amend this Plan in any manner that requires such shareholder approval.
 
 
 

 
 
22. 
NONEXCLUSIVITY OF THE PLAN.

Neither the adoption of this Plan by the Board, the submission of this Plan to the shareholders of the Company for approval, nor any provision of this Plan will be construed as creating any limitations on the power of the Board to adopt such additional compensation arrangements as it may deem desirable, including, without limitation, the granting of stock options and bonuses otherwise than under this Plan, and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

23. 
ACTION BY COMMITTEE.

Any action permitted or required to be taken by the Committee or any decision or determination permitted or required to be made by the Committee pursuant to this Plan shall be taken or made in the Committee’s sole and absolute discretion.

WHEREFORE, this ClearSign Combustion Corporation 2011 Equity Incentive Plan has been adopted by the Board on the 27th day of January 2011.
 
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
     
 
By:
/s/ Richard Rutkowski
 
 
Richard Rutkowski, Chief Executive Officer

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Exhibit 10.10
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
FOUNDERS AGREEMENT
 
This Founders Agreement (this " Agreement ") is made and entered into as of April 14, 2008 (the " Effective Date ") by and among ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), David Goodson (" Goodson "), B.D. and D.G. Goodson Trust (the " Goodson Trust "), The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance (" AERA "), Geoff Osler (" Osler "), Richard Rutkowski (" Rutkowski "), Trinity West Trust I, and Trinity West Trust II (a " Rutkowski Trust " and, together with Trinity West Trust I, the " Rutkowski Trusts ") (Goodson, Osler and Rutkowski collectively referred to as the " Founders ," and the Goodson Trust, AERA, Osler and the Rutkowski Trusts collectively referred to as the " Investors ").
 
RECITALS
 
A.           The Goodson Trust owns 832,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, AERA owns 208,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, Osler owns 380,000 shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock, and the Rutkowski Trusts own, in the aggregate, 480,000 shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock (together with any shares of Company capital stock held or in the future acquired by any of the Founders or Investors, the " Founder Shares ").  Such fixed share numbers are subject to equitable adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and the like occurring after the date hereof.
 
B.           Each Founder desires to provide incentive to the other Founders to remain with the Company and to provide a mechanism for the repurchase of Founder Shares owned by a Founder, a Permitted Transferee (as defined below) of such Founder, and/or an Investor consisting of an entity created for the benefit of such Founder or such Founder's Immediate Family (as defined below) (in respect of a particular Founder, such Investor, together with such Founder and any Permitted Transferee(s) of either such Founder or such Investor constitute a " Founder Group ," provided, however, that the Founder Group for Goodson shall include Goodson, the Goodson Trust, and AERA) should such Founder's relationship with the Company terminate under specified circumstances.
 
AGREEMENTS
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and representations set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties agree as follows :
 
1.            Right of First Refusal .
 
1.1          Right of First Refusal .
 
(a)         No Investor, no Founder that owns any shares of the Company's capital stock, and no Permitted Transferee(s) of any such Investor or Founder may sell, pledge, gift or otherwise transfer, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, any Founder Shares unless (i) to the extent such Founder Shares are shares of Class B Common Stock, such Founder Shares have been converted into Common Stock of the Company (" Conversion Shares ," any Founder Shares and any Conversion Shares referred to herein as " Shares "), and (ii) such sale, gift, pledge or other transfer is effected in compliance with all applicable terms and provisions of this Agreement.  Each Investor, each Founder and each Permitted Transferree is referred to hereinafter as a " Shareholder " and are collectively  referred to as " Shareholders ".

 
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(b)         If (i) a Shareholder proposes to sell, pledge, gift or otherwise voluntarily transfer to a third party any Shares, or any interest therein (such proposing Shareholder, a " Transferring Shareholder ," and any such event a " Voluntary Transfer "), or (ii) Shares, or any interest therein, are to be transferred involuntarily to any third party pursuant to divorce, legal separation, foreclosure, legal judgment, bankruptcy or other legal or administrative proceeding, or any other involuntary transfer (the holder of any such involuntarily transferred Shares also a Transferring Shareholder, and any such event an " Involuntary Transfer "), the non-transferring Shareholders (the " Remaining Shareholders ") shall have a right of first refusal with respect to all, or any portion thereof, of the Shares to be transferred, and the Company shall have a right of first refusal with respect to all, or any portion thereof, of the Shares to be transferred with respect to which the non-transferring Shareholders elected not to exercise their right of purchase as described in Section 1.1(e) (the Remaining Shareholders' right of first refusal and the Company's right of purchase being referred to as the " Rights of First Refusal ").
 
(c)         In the event of a proposed Voluntary or Involuntary Transfer, the Transferring Shareholder shall give a written notice to the Remaining Shareholder and the Company describing fully the proposed transfer, including the number of Shares proposed to be transferred (the " Offered Shares "), the proposed transfer price (if applicable), the name and address of the proposed transferee and proof satisfactory to the Company that the proposed sale or transfer will not violate any applicable federal or state securities laws (a " Transfer Notice ").  In the event of a Voluntary Transfer, the Transfer Notice shall be signed both by the Transferring Shareholder and by the proposed transferee and must constitute a binding commitment on both parties to the proposed transfer of the Offered Shares.  In the event of an Involuntary Transfer, the Transfer Notice shall contain an explanation of the circumstances of the transfer and copies of any related legal documents, including without limitation, any judgment liens, court documents or foreclosure notices.

 
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(d)        The Remaining Shareholders shall have an option (subject to the provisions of Sections 1.2 and 1.6 below) for a period of 10 business days from the effective date of the Transfer Notice to elect to purchase all or any portion of their respective pro rata shares of the Offered Shares at the same price and subject to the same material terms and conditions as described in the Transfer Notice.  Each Remaining Shareholder may exercise such purchase option and thereby agree to purchase all or a portion of such Remaining Shareholder's pro rata share of the Offered Shares, by notifying the Transferring Shareholder and the Company to such effect in writing, on or before the last day of such 10 day period.  Such notice shall indicate whether such Remaining Shareholder elects to purchase any Overallotment Shares (as defined below), if available, and, if so, any limits thereon (the " Overallotment Limit ").  Each Remaining Shareholder's pro rata share of the Offered Shares shall be a fraction of the Offered Shares, of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of the Common Stock (including shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Class B Common Stock or Preferred Stock) owned by such Remaining Shareholder on the date of the Transfer Notice and the denominator shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock (including shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Class B Common Stock or Preferred Stock) held by all Remaining Shareholders on the date of the Transfer Notice.  In the event any Remaining Shareholder declines to purchase its pro rata share of Offered Shares, all such unpurchased shares (" Overallotment Shares ") shall be available to be purchased by Remaining Shareholders who have exercised their full pro rata purchase rights under this Section 1.1(d) and who indicated in connection with such exercise a desire to purchase Overallotment Shares (" Oversubscribers ").  Overallotment Shares shall be allocated pro rata among Oversubscribers up to, with respect to an individual Oversubscriber, the Overallotment Limit expressed in such Oversubscriber's purchase election notices under this paragraph.  Each Remaining Shareholder shall be entitled to apportion Offered Shares to be purchased among its partners, members, shareholders and affiliates, provided that such Remaining Shareholder notifies the Transferring Shareholder of such allocation.  Payment for Offered Shares being purchased under this paragraph shall be by check or wire transfer, against delivery of certificates representing the Offered Shares to be purchased at a place agreed upon between the parties and at the time of the scheduled closing therefor, which shall be no later than 30 business days after the Remaining Shareholders' receipt of the Transfer Notice, provided , however , that in the event the Transfer Notice provided that payment for the Offered Shares was to be made in a form other than cash or cash equivalents paid at the time of transfer (an " In-Kind Transfer "), the Remaining Shareholders shall have the option of paying for the Offered Shares with cash or cash equivalents at a price equal to the fair market value of the consideration described in the Transfer Notice as mutually agreed to by the Transferring Shareholder and the purchasing Remaining Shareholders or, if mutual agreement cannot be reached, the Fair Market Value as determined in accordance with Section 1.6 .  The obligations of the Remaining Shareholders under this paragraph shall be several and not joint.  If the Remaining Shareholders decline or fail to purchase all of the Offered Shares as provided above, any remaining Offered Shares (" Remaining Shares ") shall be subject to the purchase option granted to the Company pursuant to Section 1.1(e) below.
 
(e)         If the Remaining Shareholders have declined to purchase any portion of the Offered Shares, the Transferring Shareholder shall provide, within 12 business days of the effective date of the Transfer Notice, notice to the Company (" Additional Transfer Notice ") which shall identify the number of Offered Shares which the Remaining Shareholders have elected to purchase, if any, and the number of Remaining Shares available for purchase by the Company.  The Company shall have the right to purchase all, or any portion thereof, of the Remaining Shares on the terms of the proposal described in the Transfer Notice (subject, however, to any change in such terms permitted under Sections 1.2 and 1.6 below) by delivery of a notice of exercise of the Company Right of First Refusal within 15 business days after the date when the Transfer Notice was received by the Company.  Payment for Remaining Shares being purchased under this paragraph shall be by check or wire transfer, against delivery of certificates representing the Remaining Shares to be purchased at a place agreed upon between the parties and at the time of the scheduled closing therefor, which shall be no later than 30 days after the Company's receipt of the Transfer Notice, provided , however , that in the event the Transfer Notice provided that payment for the Offered Shares was to be made in the form of an In-Kind Transfer, the Company shall have the option of paying for the Remaining Shares with cash or cash equivalents at a price equal to the fair market value of the consideration described in the Transfer Notice or the Fair Market Value as determined in accordance with Section 1.6 .
 
(f)           The Remaining Shareholders' and Company's rights under this Section 1.1 shall be assignable, in whole or in part.

 
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1.2          Transfer of Shares .   If the Remaining Shareholders and the Company fail to exercise their entire respective Rights of First Refusal within 30 days after the date of receipt of the Transfer Notice, the Transferring Shareholder may, not later than 90 days following the effective date of receipt of the Transfer Notice, conclude a sale, pledge, gift or transfer of the portion of the Offered Shares that were not elected to be purchased by either the Remaining Shareholders or the Company and were subject to the Transfer Notice on the terms and conditions described in the Transfer Notice, provided that, in accordance with Section 1.1 , to the extent such Offered Shares contain shares of Class B Common Stock, all of such Offered Shares are converted into Common Stock prior to such sale, pledge, gift or transfer, and provided that any such sale is made in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and not in violation of any other contractual restrictions to which the Transferring Shareholder is bound.  Any proposed transfer on terms and conditions different from those described in the Transfer Notice, as well as any subsequent proposed transfer by the Transferring Shareholder, shall again be subject to the Rights of First Refusal and shall require compliance with the procedure described in Section 1.1 above.
 
1.3          Additional Shares or Substituted Securities .   In the event of the declaration of a stock dividend, the declaration of an extraordinary dividend payable in a form other than stock, a spin-off, a stock split, an adjustment in conversion ratio, a recapitalization or a similar transaction affecting the Company's outstanding securities without receipt of consideration, any new, substituted or additional securities or other property (including money paid other than as an ordinary cash dividend) which are by reason of such transaction distributed with respect to any Founder Shares or into which such Founder Shares thereby become convertible shall immediately be subject to this Section 1 .  Appropriate adjustments to reflect the distribution of such securities or property shall be made to the number and/or class of Founder Shares subject to this Section 1 .
 
1.4          Permitted Transfers .
 
(a)         This Section 1 shall not apply to a proposed transfer of Founder Shares, and the proposed transferee of such Founder Shares will be considered a " Permitted Transferee " pursuant to this Agreement, subject to the terms hereof, provided that each of the following conditions precedent to the Company's recognizing such transfer are met:
 
(i)           The transfer of Founder Shares may only be made pursuant to (A) a transfer by beneficiary designation, will or intestate succession or (B) a voluntary transfer to the Shareholder's spouse, domestic partner, children (whether natural or adopted), siblings, or parents (such relations, the " Immediate Family ") or to a trust established by the Shareholder for the benefit of the Shareholder or the Shareholder's Immediate Family; and
 
(ii)           The transferee must agree in writing to be subject to each of the terms of this Agreement by executing and delivering an Adoption Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A .
 
(b)           Any Permitted Transferee shall be deemed to be a party hereto as if such Permitted Transferee were the transferor and such Permitted Transferee's signature appeared on the signature pages of this Agreement and shall be deemed to be a Shareholder.  No transferee of any Shares shall be considered a Permitted Transferee pursuant to this Agreement unless and until such transferee shall have complied with the terms of Section 1.4(a) .

 
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1.5          Termination of Rights as Shareholder .   If the Remaining Shareholders or Company, as applicable, make available, at the time and place and in the amount and form provided in this Agreement, the consideration for the Offered Shares to be purchased in accordance with this Section 1 , then after such time the person from whom such Offered Shares are to be purchased shall no longer have any rights as a holder of such Offered Shares (other than the right to receive payment of such consideration in accordance with this Agreement).  Such Offered Shares shall be deemed to have been purchased in accordance with the applicable provisions hereof, whether or not the certificate(s) therefor has or have been delivered as required by this Agreement.
 
1.6          Transfer Price .  In the event of a Voluntary Transfer by pledge, gift or In-Kind Transfer, or any Involuntary Transfer, the Remaining Shareholders and the Company shall be entitled to purchase the Offered Shares at the then effective fair market value for such Offered Shares (assuming their conversion into Conversion Shares), as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors (the " Fair Market Value ").
 
2.            Conversion of Class B Common Stock .
 
2.1          Deemed Notice .
 
(a)         To the extent that a Shareholder is a holder of Class B Common Stock, effective as of the business day immediately prior to the date of any Voluntary or Involuntary Transfer by such Shareholder (a " Conversion Date "), this Agreement shall constitute notice to the Company, for purposes of the appropriate provisions of the Company's charter documents that are effective at such time, that such Shareholder irrevocably elects to convert that number of Founder Shares that are Class B Common Stock sufficient to cause the issuance of the number of Conversion Shares to be transferred (a " Conversion ").
 
(b)         To the extent that a Founder is a holder of Class B Common Stock, effective as of the business day immediately prior to the date of the termination of such Founder's service to the Company (also referred to herein as a " Conversion Date ") this Agreement shall constitute notice to the Company, for purposes of the appropriate provisions of the Company's charter documents that are effective at such time, that all Shareholders within the Founder Group of which such Founder is a part irrevocably elect to convert all of the then outstanding Founder Shares held by such Shareholders that are Class B Common Stock into Conversion Shares to be issued in such Shareholders' respective names in accordance with the Company's charter documents (also referred to herein as a " Conversion ").  For purposes of this Section 2.1(b) , employment with the Company or service as a member of the Company's Board of Directors, or both of them, shall constitute service to the Company.

 
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2.2         Within five business days after the Conversion Date, any Shareholder whose Founder Shares are subject to a Conversion that has been elected as described in Section 2.1 shall surrender the certificate or certificates then evidencing the Founder Shares to be converted pursuant to this Section 2 , duly endorsed or accompanied by an executed assignment separate from certificate, at the office of the Company or any transfer agent for such stock.   To facilitate such Conversion, each Shareholder has executed in blank the undated stock power attached to as Exhibit B to this Agreement and authorizes the Company, on Shareholder's behalf, to complete and use such assignment separate from certificate to facilitate Conversion in accordance with the terms of this Section 2.   If such Shareholder does not surrender such certificate or certificates as required under this Section 2 within five business days after the Conversion Date, then this Agreement shall constitute notice from the Shareholder to the Company that such certificate or certificates have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and that such Shareholder agrees to hold harmless and indemnify the Company against any loss incurred by the Company in connection with the Conversion and such certificates.
 
3.            Restrictions On Transfer; Legends .
 
3.1          Market Stand-Off .   In connection with the initial underwritten public offering by the Company of its equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, no Shareholder shall, without the prior written consent of the Company's managing underwriter, (i) lend, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of the Company's Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Company's Common Stock (whether such shares or any such securities are then owned by the Shareholder or are thereafter acquired), or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Company's Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Company's Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.  Such restriction (the " Market Stand-Off ") shall be in effect for such period of time following the date of the final prospectus for the offering as may be requested by the Company or such underwriters.  In no event, however, shall such period exceed 180 days or such longer period requested by the underwriters to comply with regulatory restrictions on the publication of research reports (including, without limitation, NASD 2711).  In the event of the declaration of a stock dividend, a spin-off, a stock split, an adjustment in conversion ratio, a recapitalization or a similar transaction affecting the Company's outstanding securities without receipt of consideration, any new, substituted or additional securities that are by reason of such transaction distributed with respect to any Company Common Stock subject to the Market Stand-Off, or into which such Company Common Stock thereby become convertible, shall immediately be subject to the Market Stand-Off.  In order to enforce the Market Stand-Off, the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the Founder Shares until the end of the applicable stand-off period.  This Section 3.1 shall not apply to Shares registered in the public offering under the Securities Act, and the Shareholder shall be subject to this Section 3.1 only if the directors and officers of the Company are subject to similar arrangements.

3.2          Legends .

(a)         All certificates evidencing Founder Shares consisting of shares of Common Stock shall bear the following legend:

 
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"THE SHARES REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY NOT BE SOLD, ASSIGNED, TRANSFERRED, ENCUMBERED OR IN ANY MANNER DISPOSED OF, EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS OF A WRITTEN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THE SHARES (OR THE PREDECESSOR IN INTEREST TO THE SHARES).  SUCH AGREEMENT GRANTS TO THE COMPANY CERTAIN RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL UPON AN ATTEMPTED TRANSFER OF THE SHARES.  THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY WILL UPON WRITTEN REQUEST FURNISH A COPY OF SUCH AGREEMENT TO THE HOLDER HEREOF WITHOUT CHARGE."

(b)         All certificates evidencing Founder Shares consisting of shares of Class B Common Stock shall bear the following legend:

"THE SHARES REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY NOT BE SOLD, ASSIGNED, TRANSFERRED, ENCUMBERED OR IN ANY MANNER DISPOSED OF, EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS OF A WRITTEN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THE SHARES (OR THE PREDECESSOR IN INTEREST TO THE SHARES).  SUCH AGREEMENT CONSTITUTES AN ELECTION TO CONVERT THE SHARES INTO COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY UPON AN ATTEMPTED TRANSFER OF THE SHARES AND GRANTS TO THE COMPANY CERTAIN RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL UPON AN ATTEMPTED TRANSFER OF THE SHARES.  THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY WILL UPON WRITTEN REQUEST FURNISH A COPY OF SUCH AGREEMENT TO THE HOLDER HEREOF WITHOUT CHARGE."

If required by the authorities of any state in connection with the issuance of any Shares, the legend or legends required by such state authorities shall also be endorsed on all such certificates.

(c)         At any time after the termination of this Agreement, any holder of a stock certificate legended pursuant to this Section 3.2 may surrender such certificate to the Company for removal of the legend, and the Company will duly reissue a new certificate without the legend.
 
4.            General Provisions .
 
4.1          Term .
 
(a)         This Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the earliest to occur of (i) the consummation of the Company's first underwritten public offering of its Common Stock (other than a registration statement relating either to the sale of securities to employees of the Company pursuant to its stock option, stock purchase or similar plan or an SEC Rule 145 transaction); (ii) termination of this Agreement in accordance with Section 4.7 below; (iii) the consummation of a Change of Control (as defined below) and distribution of proceeds to or escrow for the benefit of the Shareholders in accordance with the Articles; and (iv) the date on which the Shares shall constitute less than 20% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company.

 
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(b)         For purposes of this Agreement, " Change of Control " means:  (i) the closing of the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's assets (including an exclusive worldwide license with respect to all or substantially all of the Company's intellectual property); (ii) the consummation of a merger, share exchange or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity (except one in which the holders of capital stock of the Company as constituted immediately prior to such merger, share exchange or consolidation continue to hold at least 50% of the voting power of the capital stock of the Company or the surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent entity)); or (iii) a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company (whether voluntary or involuntary).
 
4.2          Successors and Assigns, Assignment .   The terms and conditions of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective successors and assigns of the parties.  Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and assigns any rights, remedies, obligations, or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.
 
4.3          Governing Law .   This Agreement and all acts and transactions pursuant hereto and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall be governed, construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law.  The parties consent to jurisdiction and venue in the state and federal courts sitting in King County, Washington.
 
4.4          Notices .   All notices and other communications given or made pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon the earlier of actual receipt or:  (a) personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) when sent, if sent by facsimile during normal business hours of the recipient, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient's next business day, (c) 5 days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (d) one business day after the business day of deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next business day delivery, with written verification of receipt.  All communications shall be sent to the respective parties at their address as set forth on the signature pages hereto, or to such facsimile number or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 4.4 .  If notice is given to the Company, a copy shall also be sent to Perkins Coie LLP, Attention: David F. McShea, 1201 Third Avenue, Suite 4800, Seattle, WA 98101.
 
4.5          Counterparts; Facsimile .   This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile signature and in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
 
4.6          Titles and Headings .   The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are used for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement.

 
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4.7          Amendments and Waivers .   This Agreement may be amended or terminated and the observance of any term hereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively) only by a written instrument executed by (a) the Company; and (b) with respect to each Founder Group, holders of a majority of the Founder Shares held in the aggregate by such Founder Group, provided that such consent shall not be required from a Founder Group that does not then own, in the aggregate, Founder Shares representing at least 10% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company unless the proposed amendment, termination or waiver would adversely affect the rights of such Founder Group in a manner differently than the rights of the other Founder Groups.  The Company shall give prompt written notice of any amendment, termination or waiver hereunder to any party that did not consent in writing thereto.  Any amendment, termination or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 4.7 shall be binding on each party and all of such party's successors and permitted assigns, whether or not any such party, successor or assignee entered into or approved such amendment, termination or waiver.
 
4.8          Severability .   If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held to be unenforceable under applicable law, the parties agree to renegotiate such provision in good faith.  In the event that the parties cannot negotiate a mutually agreeable and enforceable replacement for such provision, then (a) such provision shall be excluded from this Agreement, (b) the balance of the Agreement shall be interpreted as if such provision were so excluded and (c) the balance of the Agreement shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms.
 
4.9          Entire Agreement .   This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes all prior understandings and agreements, whether oral or written, between or among the parties hereto with respect to the specific subject matter hereof.
 
4.10        Further Assurances .   At any time or from time to time after the date hereof, the parties agree to cooperate with each other, and at the request of any other party, to execute and deliver any further instruments or documents and to take all such further action as the other party may reasonably request in order to evidence or effectuate the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and to otherwise carry out the intent of the parties hereunder.
 
4.11        Delays or Omissions .  No delay or omission to exercise any right, power or remedy accruing to any party under this Agreement, upon any breach or default of any other party under this Agreement, shall impair any such right, power or remedy of such non-breaching or non-defaulting party nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of any such breach or default, or an acquiescence therein, or of or in any similar breach or default thereafter occurring; nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default previously or thereafter occurring.  Any waiver, permit, consent or approval of any kind or character on the part of any party of any breach or default under this Agreement, or any waiver on the part of any party of any provisions or conditions of this Agreement, must be in writing and shall be effective only to the extent specifically set forth in such writing.  All remedies, either under this Agreement or by law or otherwise afforded to any party, shall be cumulative and not alternative.
 
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In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Founders Agreement as of the date first written above.
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
   
By:
 
Name:
 
Title:
 

Signature page to Founders Agreement

 
 

 

In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Founders Agreement as of the date first written above.
 
FOUNDERS:
 
DAVID GOODSON
 
Signature: 
/s/ David B. Goodson
 
GEOFF OSLER
 
Signature: 
/s/ Geoffrey D. Osler
 
RICHARD RUTKOWSKI
 
Signature: 
/s/ Richard Rutkowski

Signature page to Founders Agreement

 
 

 

In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Founders Agreement as of the date first written above.
 
INVESTORS:
 
B.D. AND D.G. GOODSON TRUST
   
By:
/s/ Howard Sprouse
Name:
Howard Sprouse
Title:
Trustee
   
THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCE ALLIANCE
   
By:
/s/ David B. Goodson
Name:
David B. Goodson
Title:
Executive Director
   
  TRINITY WEST TRUST I
   
By:
/s/ Geoffrey D. Osler
Name:
 Geoffrey D. Osler
Title:
Trustee
   
TRINITY WEST TRUST II
   
By:
/s/ Geoffrey D. Osler
Name:
Geoffrey D. Osler
Title:
Trustee

Signature page to Founders Agreement

 
 

 

EXHIBIT A
 
ADOPTION AGREEMENT
 
This Adoption Agreement (" Adoption Agreement ") is executed on ___________________, 20__, by the undersigned (the " Holder ") pursuant to the terms of that certain Founders Agreement dated as of _____ __, 2008 (the " Agreement "), by and among the Company, the Founders and the Investors, as such Agreement may be amended or amended and restated hereafter.  Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Adoption Agreement shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in the Agreement.  By the execution of this Adoption Agreement, the Holder agrees as follows.
 
1.1            Acknowledgement .  Holder acknowledges that Holder is acquiring certain shares of the capital stock of the Company (the " Stock "), as a transferee of Shares from a party in such party's capacity as an "Shareholder" bound by the Agreement pursuant to the terms of Section 1.4(a) of the Agreement, and after such transfer, Holder shall be considered a "Shareholder" for all purposes of the Agreement.
 
1.2            Agreement .  Holder hereby (a) agrees that the Stock, and any other shares of capital stock or securities required by the Agreement to be bound thereby, shall be deemed Shares and be bound by and subject to the terms of the Agreement and (b) adopts the Agreement with the same force and effect as if Holder were originally a party thereto.
 
1.3            Notice .  Any notice required or permitted by the Agreement shall be given to Holder at the address or facsimile number listed below Holder's signature hereto.

HOLDER:
   
ACCEPTED AND AGREED:

By:
   
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
Name and Title of Signatory    

Address: 
   
By:
 
     
   
Title: 
 

Facsimile Number: 
     

 
 

 

EXHIBIT B

STOCK POWER AND ASSIGNMENT
SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED and pursuant to that certain Founders Agreement dated as of ______________, 2008 (the " Agreement "), the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto ____________________________________ ________________, shares of the ____________________ Stock of ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), standing in the undersigned's name on the books of the Company represented by Certificate No(s). __________ delivered herewith, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint the Secretary of the Company as the undersigned's attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, to transfer said stock on the books of the Company.   THIS ASSIGNMENT MAY ONLY BE USED AS AUTHORIZED BY THE AGREEMENT AND THE EXHIBITS THERETO.
 
Dated:
   
 

SHAREHOLDER (if an entity)
 
SHAREHOLDER (if an individual)
     
     
[Print Name of Shareholder]
 
[Print Name of Shareholder]
     
     
[Signature]
 
[Signature ]
     
     
[Print Name of Signatory]
 
[Spouse's or Partner's Signature, if applicable]
     
     
[Print Title of Signatory]
 
[Print Spouse's or Partner's Name, if applicable]
 
Instruction :  Please do not fill in any blanks other than the signature line.  The purpose of this Stock Power and Assignment is to enable the Company and/or its assignee(s) and certain other parties to exercise their respective "Rights of Repurchase" as set forth in the Agreement without requiring additional signatures on the part of the Shareholder or Shareholder's Spouse.

 
 

 
Exhibit 10.11
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
This Subscription and Contribution Agreement (this " Agreement ") is entered into as of March 4, 2008 between ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance (" Investor "), and David Goodson (" Founder " and, together with Investor, the " Founder Group ").
 
RECITALS
 
A.           Founder has conceived or developed certain Business Plans and Intellectual Property (as defined below) relating to the proposed business for which the Company has been formed.
 
B.           Founder desires to contribute all of his right, title and interest in such Business Plans and Intellectual Property, plus $0.025 per share in cash, to the Company in exchange for the issuance to Investor of 208,000 shares of the Common Stock of Company, $0.0001 par value per share (" Common "), as provided in this Agreement.
 
C.           The Company desires to accept such consideration and to issue such shares of Common as provided in this Agreement.
 
D.           Founder agrees that the promises of the Company herein constitute valid consideration to make this Agreement enforceable against Founder.
 
AGREEMENTS
 
1.            Purchase and Sale of Shares .  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Investor, and the Investor hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase from the Company, 208,000 shares of the Company's Common (the " Shares ") in exchange for the following consideration:
 
1.1           $0.025 per share in cash which has been delivered from the Founder to the Company upon execution of this Agreement; plus
 
1.2           all right, title and interest of the Founder in and to (i) the business concept and business plan relating to the Company as described in Exhibit A , (ii) all precursors, portions and work in progress with respect thereto and all ideas, concepts, inventions, works of authorship, technology, source code, information, know how, techniques, tools and materials related thereto, and (iii) all copyrights, patent rights, trade secret rights, trademark rights, mask work rights, sui generis database rights, and all other intellectual and industrial property rights of any sort, and all contract rights, causes of action, and goodwill in, incorporated or embodied in, used to develop, or related to any of the foregoing, except for any excluded items as set forth on Exhibit A   (collectively, the " Business Plans and Intellectual Property ").

 
 

 
 
2.            Assignment .  Founder hereby assigns and contributes to the Company all of Founder's past, present and future right, title and interest in and to the Business Plans and Intellectual Property.
  
3.            Further Assurances .
  
3.1           The Founder hereby agrees to assist the Company in every legal way to evidence, record, and perfect the assignment of the Business Plans and Intellectual Property referred to in Section 1 above and to apply for and obtain recordation of, and from time to time enforce, maintain and defend, such assigned rights.  If the Company is unable for any reason whatsoever to obtain the Founder's signature to any document it is entitled to under this Section 3 , the Founder hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as his agents and attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution to act for and on his behalf and instead of the Founder to execute and file any such document or documents and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the purposes of the foregoing with the same legal force and effect as if executed by the Founder.
 
3.2           To the extent allowed by law, the Company and the Founder hereby acknowledge and agree that the Business Plans and Intellectual Property assigned to the Company pursuant to Section 2 of this Agreement include all rights of paternity, integrity, disclosure, and withdrawal and any other rights that may be known or referred to as "moral rights," "artist's rights," "droit moral" or the like.  To the extent the Founder retains any such rights under applicable law, the Founder hereby ratifies and consents to, and provides all necessary ratifications and consents to, any action that may be taken with respect to such rights by or authorized by the Company, and the Founder agrees not to assert any such rights with respect thereto.  The Founder will confirm any such ratifications, consents and agreements from time to time as requested by the Company.
  
4.            Confidential Information .  Each member of the Founder Group will not use for himself or itself or disclose anything assigned to the Company hereunder or any other technical or business information or plans of the Company, except to the extent such member of the Founder Group (a) is authorized to use or disclose such information for and on behalf of the Company, (b) can document that such information is generally available (through no unauthorized disclosure of such member of the Founder Group) to the public without charge, license or restriction, or (c) is permitted to use or disclose such information or plans pursuant to any other written agreement between such member of the Founder Group and the Company.  Each member of the Founder Group recognizes and agrees that there is no adequate remedy at law for a breach of this Section 4 , that such a breach would irreparably harm the Company and that the Company is entitled to equitable relief (including, without limitations, injunctions) with respect to any such breach or potential breach in addition to any other remedies.

 
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5.            Founder and Investor Representations .  Each of Founder and Investor, as applicable, represents and warrants to the Company as follows:
  
5.1           (i) The Founder along with Geoff Osler and Rick Rutkowski, has at all times been the sole owner (other than the Company) of all rights, title and interest in the Business Plans and Intellectual Property (the " Contributed Assets "), (ii) Founder has not assigned, transferred, licensed, pledged or otherwise encumbered any Contributed Assets or agreed to do so, (iii) each of Founder and Investor has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, (iv) Founder has full power and authority to make the assignment and contribution of the Contributed Assets as provided herein, and (v) Founder has at all times used commercially reasonable efforts to preserve the confidentiality of those aspects of the Contributed Assets that Founder considers to constitute trade secrets and has not disclosed or otherwise dealt with such items in such a manner as to forfeit or relinquish protection of such items under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act or comparable law.
 
5.2           Except as set forth on Exhibit B , the Founder (i) has not filed any patent application or registered any work of authorship with the U.S. Copyright Office or any trademark, service mark or other source identifier with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with respect to any Contributed Assets, and (ii) has no actual knowledge of any prior art, fact or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to prevent the Company from securing patent protection for any inventions included in or derived from the Contributed Assets that otherwise could reasonably be expected to be patentable.
 
5.3           The Shares to be acquired by Investor in exchange for the Contributed Assets under this Agreement will be acquired for investment for Investor's own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to the resale or distribution of any part thereof.  Investor has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the Shares.  Investor does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person or entity to sell, transfer or grant participations to such person or entity or to any other person or entity, with respect to any of the Shares.
 
5.4           Each of Founder and Investor understands that the Shares have not been, and will not be, registered under federal or state securities laws, by reason of a specific exemption from the registration provisions of such laws which depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent and the accuracy of Founder's and Investor's representations as expressed herein.  Each of Founder and Investor understands that the Shares are "restricted securities" under applicable federal and state securities laws and that, pursuant to these laws, Investor must hold the   Shares   indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission for sale and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available.  Each of Founder and Investor acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to register or qualify the Shares for resale.  Each of Founder and Investor further acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period for the Shares, and on requirements relating to the Company which are outside of Founder's and Investor's control, and which the Company is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy.  Each of Founder and Investor is an "accredited investor" under Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933.

 
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6.            Restrictive Legends .  Each certificate or certificates representing the Shares shall bear the following legends (as well as any legends required by applicable state and federal corporate and securities laws):
 
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH A VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF.  NO SUCH SALE OR DISTRIBUTION MAY BE EFFECTED WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY OR OTHER EVIDENCE SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933."
 
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF A SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE SHAREHOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY."
 
7.            General .
 
7.1            Assignment .   This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the respective successors, assigns and legal representatives of the parties, but shall not otherwise be for the benefit of any third party.
 
7.2            Further Assurances .   The parties agree to execute such further documents and instruments and to take such further actions as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.
 
7.3            Notices .   Unless otherwise provided, any notice under this Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given (a) upon personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) upon confirmation of receipt by fax by the party to be notified, (c) one business day after deposit with a reputable overnight courier, prepaid for overnight delivery and addressed as set forth in (d), or (d) 4 days after deposit with the United States Post Office, postage prepaid, registered or certified with return receipt requested and addressed to the party to be notified at the address indicated on the signature page hereto, or at such other address as such party may designate by 10 days' advance written notice to the other party given in the foregoing manner.

 
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7.4            Governing Law .   This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without regard to principles of Washington law concerning conflicts of laws.
 
7.5            Entire Agreement .   This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes all prior understandings and agreements, whether oral or written, between or among the parties hereto with respect to the specific subject matter hereof.
 
7.6            Amendment and Waiver; Termination .   This Agreement may be amended or terminated only by a written agreement executed by the Founder, the Investor, and the Company.  No amendment, waiver or modification of any obligation under this Agreement will be enforceable unless set forth in a writing signed by the party against which enforcement is sought.  Any amendment effected in accordance with this section will be binding upon all parties hereto and each of their respective successors and assigns.  No delay or failure to require performance of any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of that provision as to that or any other instance.  No waiver granted under this Agreement as to any one provision herein shall constitute a subsequent waiver of such provision or of any other provision herein, nor shall it constitute the waiver of any performance other than the actual performance specifically waived.
 
7.7            Severability .   If any provision of this Agreement is determined by any court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such provision will be enforced to the maximum extent possible given the intent of the parties hereto.  If such clause or provision cannot be so enforced, such provision shall be stricken from this Agreement and the remainder of this Agreement shall be enforced as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable clause or provision had (to the extent not enforceable) never been contained in this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the forgoing, if the value of this Agreement based upon the substantial benefit of the bargain for any party is materially impaired, which determination as made by the presiding court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction shall be binding, then both parties agree to substitute, through good faith negotiations, for such provision(s) valid, legal and enforceable substitute provisions that implement to the greatest extent possible the intent of the parties, as of the date of this Agreement, that was reflected in the provision(s) being substituted for.
 
7.8            Attorney's Fees .  If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of this Agreement, including an arbitration, the prevailing party in such dispute shall be entitled to recover from the losing party all fees, costs and expenses of enforcing any right of such prevailing party under or with respect to this Agreement, including, without limitation, such reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys and accountants, which shall include, without limitation, all fees, costs and expenses of appeals.
 
7.9            Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts .   This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 
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7.10            Titles, Captions and Headings .   The titles, captions and headings of this Agreement are included for ease of reference only and will be disregarded in interpreting or construing this Agreement.
 
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In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Subscription and Contribution Agreement as of the date first written above.
   
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
By:
/s/ Richard Rutkowski
Name:  Richard Rutkowski
Title:    CEO
 
FOUNDER
 
/s/ David B. Goodson
By: David B. Goodson
 
INVESTOR
 
/s/ David B. Goodson
Name of Entity: David B. Goodson
By: The Alternative Energy Resource Alliance
Title:

 
 

 
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
CONSENT OF SPOUSE OR PARTNER
 
I, _______________, spouse or partner of _______, have read and approve the foregoing Subscription and Contribution Agreement (the " Agreement ").  In consideration of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my _______ as my attorney-in-fact with respect to the amendment of or the exercise of any rights under the Agreement and agree to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights in the the Agreement or any Shares issued pursuant thereto under any community property laws or other meritorious or equitable laws of the state of Washington or similar laws relating to marital, community property or equitable division of property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the Agreement.  I have been informed of my right to obtain independent legal counsel concerning this Agreement and the rights and obligations provided for in this Agreement, and by execution of this Agreement, acknowledge having either obtained such independent counsel or having waived the same.
 
Date:
 
 
 
(Signature)
 
 
(Printed Name)

 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT A

BUSINESS PLAN AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
 
1.           The business concept, business plan, market research, strategy definition and other related business materials developed by Founder, whether independently or jointly with others, for ClearSign Combustion Corporation, including without limitation as described in the attachment to this Exhibit A .
 
2.           All inventions, discoveries, designs, developments, improvements, processes, software programs, works of authorship, documentation, formulae, data techniques, know-how, secrets and intellectual property rights (whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar statutes or analogous protection) made, conceived, discovered or reduced to practice by the Founder (either alone or with others) either before the date hereof or in the course of providing services to the Company and relating to the Company's business or business plans.
 
3.           All ownership, moral, attribution and/or integrity rights, and the right to enforce any rights and file any causes of action, including the right to recover damages, for any past, present or future infringement or misappropriation of any of the foregoing rights assigned to Company.
 
Excluded Rights, Interests, Works, and/or Properties:

 
 

 

Exhibit 10.12
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
This Subscription and Contribution Agreement (this " Agreement ") is entered into as of March 4, 2008 between ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), and Geoff Osler (" Founder ").
 
RECITALS
 
A.          Founder has conceived or developed certain Business Plans and Intellectual Property (as defined below) relating to the proposed business for which the Company has been formed.
 
B.           Founder desires to contribute all of his right, title and interest in such Business Plans and Intellectual Property, plus $0.025 per share in cash, to the Company in exchange for 380,000 shares of the Class B Common Stock of Company, $0.0001 par value per share (" Class B Common "), as provided in this Agreement.
 
C.           The Company desires to accept such consideration and to issue such shares of Class B Common as provided in this Agreement.
 
D.           Founder agrees that the promises of the Company herein constitute valid consideration to make this Agreement enforceable against Founder.
 
AGREEMENTS
 
1.            Purchase and Sale of Shares .  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Founder, and the Founder hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase from the Company, 380,000 shares of the Company's Class B Common (the " Shares ") in exchange for the following consideration:
 
1.1           $0.025 per share in cash which has been delivered from the Founder to the Company upon execution of this Agreement; plus
 
1.2           all right, title and interest of the Founder in and to (i) the business concept and business plan relating to the Company as described in Exhibit A , (ii) all precursors, portions and work in progress with respect thereto and all ideas, concepts, inventions, works of authorship, technology, source code, information, know how, techniques, tools and materials related thereto, and (iii) all copyrights, patent rights, trade secret rights, trademark rights, mask work rights, sui generis database rights, and all other intellectual and industrial property rights of any sort, and all contract rights, causes of action, and goodwill in, incorporated or embodied in, used to develop, or related to any of the foregoing, except for any excluded items as set forth on Exhibit A   (collectively, the " Business Plans and Intellectual Property ").

 
 

 

2.            Assignment .  Founder hereby assigns and contributes to the Company all of Founder's past, present and future right, title and interest in and to the Business Plans and Intellectual Property.
 
3.            Further Assurances .
 
3.1           The Founder hereby agrees to assist the Company in every legal way to evidence, record, and perfect the assignment of the Business Plans and Intellectual Property referred to in Section 1 above and to apply for and obtain recordation of, and from time to time enforce, maintain and defend, such assigned rights.  If the Company is unable for any reason whatsoever to obtain the Founder's signature to any document it is entitled to under this Section 3 , the Founder hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as his agents and attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution to act for and on his behalf and instead of the Founder to execute and file any such document or documents and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the purposes of the foregoing with the same legal force and effect as if executed by the Founder.
 
3.2           To the extent allowed by law, the Company and the Founder hereby acknowledge and agree that the Business Plans and Intellectual Property assigned to the Company pursuant to Section 2 of this Agreement include all rights of paternity, integrity, disclosure, and withdrawal and any other rights that may be known or referred to as "moral rights," "artist's rights," "droit moral" or the like.  To the extent the Founder retains any such rights under applicable law, the Founder hereby ratifies and consents to, and provides all necessary ratifications and consents to, any action that may be taken with respect to such rights by or authorized by the Company, and the Founder agrees not to assert any such rights with respect thereto.  The Founder will confirm any such ratifications, consents and agreements from time to time as requested by the Company.
 
4.            Confidential Information .  Founder will not use for himself or itself or disclose anything assigned to the Company hereunder or any other technical or business information or plans of the Company, except to the extent Founder (a) is authorized to use or disclose such information for and on behalf of the Company, (b) can document that such information is generally available (through no unauthorized disclosure of Founder) to the public without charge, license or restriction, or (c) is permitted to use or disclose such information or plans pursuant to any other written agreement between Founder and the Company.  Founder recognizes and agrees that there is no adequate remedy at law for a breach of this Section 4 , that such a breach would irreparably harm the Company and that the Company is entitled to equitable relief (including, without limitations, injunctions) with respect to any such breach or potential breach in addition to any other remedies.

 
- 2 -

 
 
5.            Founder Representations .  Founder represents and warrants to the Company as follows:

5.1           (i) The Founder along with David Goodson and Rick Rutkowski, has at all times been the sole owner (other than the Company) of all rights, title and interest in the Business Plans and Intellectual Property (the " Contributed Assets "), (ii) Founder has not assigned, transferred, licensed, pledged or otherwise encumbered any Contributed Assets or agreed to do so, (iii) Founder has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, (iv) Founder has full power and authority to make the assignment and contribution of the Contributed Assets as provided herein, and (v) Founder has at all times used commercially reasonable efforts to preserve the confidentiality of those aspects of the Contributed Assets that Founder considers to constitute trade secrets and has not disclosed or otherwise dealt with such items in such a manner as to forfeit or relinquish protection of such items under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act or comparable law.
 
5.2           Except as set forth on Exhibit B , the Founder (i) has not filed any patent application or registered any work of authorship with the U.S. Copyright Office or any trademark, service mark or other source identifier with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with respect to any Contributed Assets, and (ii) has no actual knowledge of any prior art, fact or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to prevent the Company from securing patent protection for any inventions included in or derived from the Contributed Assets that otherwise could reasonably be expected to be patentable.
 
5.3           The Shares to be acquired by Founder in exchange for the Contributed Assets under this Agreement will be acquired for investment for Founder's own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to the resale or distribution of any part thereof.  Founder has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the Shares.  Founder does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person or entity to sell, transfer or grant participations to such person or entity or to any other person or entity, with respect to any of the Shares.
 
5.4           Founder understands that the Shares have not been, and will not be, registered under federal or state securities laws, by reason of a specific exemption from the registration provisions of such laws which depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent and the accuracy of Founder's representations as expressed herein.  Founder understands that the Shares are "restricted securities" under applicable federal and state securities laws and that, pursuant to these laws, Founder must hold the   Shares   indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission for sale and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available.  Founder acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to register or qualify the Shares for resale.  Founder further acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period for the Shares, and on requirements relating to the Company which are outside of Founder's control, and which the Company is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy.  Founder is an "accredited investor" under Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933.
 
6.            Restrictive Legends .  Each certificate or certificates representing the Shares shall bear the following legends (as well as any legends required by applicable state and federal corporate and securities laws):

 
- 3 -

 

"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH A VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF.  NO SUCH SALE OR DISTRIBUTION MAY BE EFFECTED WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY OR OTHER EVIDENCE SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933."
 
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF A SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE SHAREHOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY."
 
7.            General .
 
7.1            Assignment .   This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the respective successors, assigns and legal representatives of the parties, but shall not otherwise be for the benefit of any third party.
 
7.2            Further Assurances .   The parties agree to execute such further documents and instruments and to take such further actions as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.
 
7.3            Notices .   Unless otherwise provided, any notice under this Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given (a) upon personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) upon confirmation of receipt by fax by the party to be notified, (c) one business day after deposit with a reputable overnight courier, prepaid for overnight delivery and addressed as set forth in (d), or (d) 4 days after deposit with the United States Post Office, postage prepaid, registered or certified with return receipt requested and addressed to the party to be notified at the address indicated on the signature page hereto, or at such other address as such party may designate by 10 days' advance written notice to the other party given in the foregoing manner.
 
7.4            Governing Law .   This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without regard to principles of Washington law concerning conflicts of laws.
 
7.5            Entire Agreement .   This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes all prior understandings and agreements, whether oral or written, between or among the parties hereto with respect to the specific subject matter hereof.

 
- 4 -

 

7.6            Amendment and Waiver; Termination .   This Agreement may be amended or terminated only by a written agreement executed by the Founder and the Company.  No amendment, waiver or modification of any obligation under this Agreement will be enforceable unless set forth in a writing signed by the party against which enforcement is sought.  Any amendment effected in accordance with this section will be binding upon all parties hereto and each of their respective successors and assigns.  No delay or failure to require performance of any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of that provision as to that or any other instance.  No waiver granted under this Agreement as to any one provision herein shall constitute a subsequent waiver of such provision or of any other provision herein, nor shall it constitute the waiver of any performance other than the actual performance specifically waived.
 
7.7            Severability .   If any provision of this Agreement is determined by any court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such provision will be enforced to the maximum extent possible given the intent of the parties hereto.  If such clause or provision cannot be so enforced, such provision shall be stricken from this Agreement and the remainder of this Agreement shall be enforced as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable clause or provision had (to the extent not enforceable) never been contained in this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the forgoing, if the value of this Agreement based upon the substantial benefit of the bargain for any party is materially impaired, which determination as made by the presiding court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction shall be binding, then both parties agree to substitute, through good faith negotiations, for such provision(s) valid, legal and enforceable substitute provisions that implement to the greatest extent possible the intent of the parties, as of the date of this Agreement, that was reflected in the provision(s) being substituted for.
 
7.8            Attorney's Fees .  If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of this Agreement, including an arbitration, the prevailing party in such dispute shall be entitled to recover from the losing party all fees, costs and expenses of enforcing any right of such prevailing party under or with respect to this Agreement, including, without limitation, such reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys and accountants, which shall include, without limitation, all fees, costs and expenses of appeals.
 
7.9            Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts .   This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
 
7.10          Titles, Captions and Headings .   The titles, captions and headings of this Agreement are included for ease of reference only and will be disregarded in interpreting or construing this Agreement.
 
[ Remainder of page intentionally left blank ]

 
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In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Subscription and Contribution Agreement as of the date first written above.

 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
   
 
By:
/s/ Richard Rutkowski
 
Name:  
Richard Rutkowski
 
Title:
CEO
   
 
FOUNDER
   
 
/s/ Geoff Osler
 
By: Geoff Osler

 
 

 

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
CONSENT OF SPOUSE OR PARTNER
  
I, _______________, spouse or partner of _______, have read and approve the foregoing Subscription and Contribution Agreement (the " Agreement ").  In consideration of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my _______ as my attorney-in-fact with respect to the amendment of or the exercise of any rights under the Agreement and agree to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights in the the Agreement or any Shares issued pursuant thereto under any community property laws or other meritorious or equitable laws of the state of Washington or similar laws relating to marital, community property or equitable division of property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the Agreement.  I have been informed of my right to obtain independent legal counsel concerning this Agreement and the rights and obligations provided for in this Agreement, and by execution of this Agreement, acknowledge having either obtained such independent counsel or having waived the same.

 
Date:
  
   
 
  
 
(Signature)
   
 
  
 
(Printed Name)

 
 

 

EXHIBIT A
 
BUSINESS PLAN AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
 
1.           The business concept, business plan, market research, strategy definition and other related business materials developed by Founder, whether independently or jointly with others, for ClearSign Combustion Corporation, including without limitation as described in the attachment to this Exhibit A .
 
2.           All inventions, discoveries, designs, developments, improvements, processes, software programs, works of authorship, documentation, formulae, data techniques, know-how, secrets and intellectual property rights (whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar statutes or analogous protection) made, conceived, discovered or reduced to practice by the Founder (either alone or with others) either before the date hereof or in the course of providing services to the Company and relating to the Company's business or business plans.
 
3.           All ownership, moral, attribution and/or integrity rights, and the right to enforce any rights and file any causes of action, including the right to recover damages, for any past, present or future infringement or misappropriation of any of the foregoing rights assigned to Company.
 
Excluded Rights, Interests, Works, and/or Properties:
 
 
 

 
  

Exhibit 10.13
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
This Subscription and Contribution Agreement (this " Agreement ") is entered into as of March 4, 2008 between ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), the B.D. and D.G. Goodson Trust (" Investor "), and David Goodson (" Founder " and, together with Investor, the " Founder Group ").
 
RECITALS
 
A.           Founder has conceived or developed certain Business Plans and Intellectual Property (as defined below) relating to the proposed business for which the Company has been formed.
 
B.           Founder desires to contribute all of his right, title and interest in such Business Plans and Intellectual Property, plus $0.025 per share in cash, to the Company in exchange for the issuance to Investor of 832,000 shares of the Common Stock of Company, $0.0001 par value per share (" Common "), as provided in this Agreement.
 
C.           The Company desires to accept such consideration and to issue such shares of Common as provided in this Agreement.
 
D.           Founder agrees that the promises of the Company herein constitute valid consideration to make this Agreement enforceable against Founder.
 
AGREEMENTS
 
1.            Purchase and Sale of Shares .  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Investor, and the Investor hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase from the Company, 832,000 shares of the Company's Common (the " Shares ") in exchange for the following consideration:
 
1.1           $0.025 per share in cash which has been delivered from the Founder to the Company upon execution of this Agreement; plus
 
1.2           all right, title and interest of the Founder in and to (i) the business concept and business plan relating to the Company as described in Exhibit A , (ii) all precursors, portions and work in progress with respect thereto and all ideas, concepts, inventions, works of authorship, technology, source code, information, know how, techniques, tools and materials related thereto, and (iii) all copyrights, patent rights, trade secret rights, trademark rights, mask work rights, sui generis database rights, and all other intellectual and industrial property rights of any sort, and all contract rights, causes of action, and goodwill in, incorporated or embodied in, used to develop, or related to any of the foregoing, except for any excluded items as set forth on Exhibit A   (collectively, the " Business Plans and Intellectual Property ").

 
- 1 -

 

2.            Assignment .  Founder hereby assigns and contributes to the Company all of Founder's past, present and future right, title and interest in and to the Business Plans and Intellectual Property.
 
3.            Further Assurances .
 
3.1           The Founder hereby agrees to assist the Company in every legal way to evidence, record, and perfect the assignment of the Business Plans and Intellectual Property referred to in Section 1 above and to apply for and obtain recordation of, and from time to time enforce, maintain and defend, such assigned rights.  If the Company is unable for any reason whatsoever to obtain the Founder's signature to any document it is entitled to under this Section 3 , the Founder hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as his agents and attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution to act for and on his behalf and instead of the Founder to execute and file any such document or documents and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the purposes of the foregoing with the same legal force and effect as if executed by the Founder.
 
3.2           To the extent allowed by law, the Company and the Founder hereby acknowledge and agree that the Business Plans and Intellectual Property assigned to the Company pursuant to Section 2 of this Agreement include all rights of paternity, integrity, disclosure, and withdrawal and any other rights that may be known or referred to as "moral rights," "artist's rights," "droit moral" or the like.  To the extent the Founder retains any such rights under applicable law, the Founder hereby ratifies and consents to, and provides all necessary ratifications and consents to, any action that may be taken with respect to such rights by or authorized by the Company, and the Founder agrees not to assert any such rights with respect thereto.  The Founder will confirm any such ratifications, consents and agreements from time to time as requested by the Company.
 
4.            Confidential Information .  Each member of the Founder Group will not use for himself or itself or disclose anything assigned to the Company hereunder or any other technical or business information or plans of the Company, except to the extent such member of the Founder Group (a) is authorized to use or disclose such information for and on behalf of the Company, (b) can document that such information is generally available (through no unauthorized disclosure of such member of the Founder Group) to the public without charge, license or restriction, or (c) is permitted to use or disclose such information or plans pursuant to any other written agreement between such member of the Founder Group and the Company.  Each member of the Founder Group recognizes and agrees that there is no adequate remedy at law for a breach of this Section 4 , that such a breach would irreparably harm the Company and that the Company is entitled to equitable relief (including, without limitations, injunctions) with respect to any such breach or potential breach in addition to any other remedies.

 
- 2 -

 

5.            Founder and Investor Representations .  Each of Founder and Investor, as applicable, represents and warrants to the Company as follows:
 
5.1           (i) The Founder along with Geoff Osler and Rick Rutkowski, has at all times been the sole owner (other than the Company) of all rights, title and interest in the Business Plans and Intellectual Property (the " Contributed Assets "), (ii) Founder has not assigned, transferred, licensed, pledged or otherwise encumbered any Contributed Assets or agreed to do so, (iii) each of Founder and Investor has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, (iv) Founder has full power and authority to make the assignment and contribution of the Contributed Assets as provided herein, and (v) Founder has at all times used commercially reasonable efforts to preserve the confidentiality of those aspects of the Contributed Assets that Founder considers to constitute trade secrets and has not disclosed or otherwise dealt with such items in such a manner as to forfeit or relinquish protection of such items under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act or comparable law.
 
5.2           Except as set forth on Exhibit B , the Founder (i) has not filed any patent application or registered any work of authorship with the U.S. Copyright Office or any trademark, service mark or other source identifier with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with respect to any Contributed Assets, and (ii) has no actual knowledge of any prior art, fact or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to prevent the Company from securing patent protection for any inventions included in or derived from the Contributed Assets that otherwise could reasonably be expected to be patentable.
 
5.3           The Shares to be acquired by Investor in exchange for the Contributed Assets under this Agreement will be acquired for investment for Investor's own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to the resale or distribution of any part thereof.  Investor has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the Shares.  Investor does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person or entity to sell, transfer or grant participations to such person or entity or to any other person or entity, with respect to any of the Shares.
 
5.4           Each of Founder and Investor understands that the Shares have not been, and will not be, registered under federal or state securities laws, by reason of a specific exemption from the registration provisions of such laws which depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent and the accuracy of Founder's and Investor's representations as expressed herein.  Each of Founder and Investor understands that the Shares are "restricted securities" under applicable federal and state securities laws and that, pursuant to these laws, Investor must hold the   Shares   indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission for sale and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available.  Each of Founder and Investor acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to register or qualify the Shares for resale.  Each of Founder and Investor further acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period for the Shares, and on requirements relating to the Company which are outside of Founder's and Investor's control, and which the Company is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy.  Each of Founder and Investor is an "accredited investor" under Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933.

 
- 3 -

 

6.            Restrictive Legends .  Each certificate or certificates representing the Shares shall bear the following legends (as well as any legends required by applicable state and federal corporate and securities laws):
 
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH A VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF.  NO SUCH SALE OR DISTRIBUTION MAY BE EFFECTED WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY OR OTHER EVIDENCE SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933."
 
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF A SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE SHAREHOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY."
 
7.            General .
 
7.1            Assignment .   This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the respective successors, assigns and legal representatives of the parties, but shall not otherwise be for the benefit of any third party.
 
7.2            Further Assurances .   The parties agree to execute such further documents and instruments and to take such further actions as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.
 
7.3            Notices .   Unless otherwise provided, any notice under this Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given (a) upon personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) upon confirmation of receipt by fax by the party to be notified, (c) one business day after deposit with a reputable overnight courier, prepaid for overnight delivery and addressed as set forth in (d), or (d) 4 days after deposit with the United States Post Office, postage prepaid, registered or certified with return receipt requested and addressed to the party to be notified at the address indicated on the signature page hereto, or at such other address as such party may designate by 10 days' advance written notice to the other party given in the foregoing manner.

 
- 4 -

 

7.4            Governing Law .   This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without regard to principles of Washington law concerning conflicts of laws.
 
7.5            Entire Agreement .   This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes all prior understandings and agreements, whether oral or written, between or among the parties hereto with respect to the specific subject matter hereof.
 
7.6            Amendment and Waiver; Termination .   This Agreement may be amended or terminated only by a written agreement executed by the Founder, the Investor, and the Company.  No amendment, waiver or modification of any obligation under this Agreement will be enforceable unless set forth in a writing signed by the party against which enforcement is sought.  Any amendment effected in accordance with this section will be binding upon all parties hereto and each of their respective successors and assigns.  No delay or failure to require performance of any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of that provision as to that or any other instance.  No waiver granted under this Agreement as to any one provision herein shall constitute a subsequent waiver of such provision or of any other provision herein, nor shall it constitute the waiver of any performance other than the actual performance specifically waived.
 
7.7            Severability .   If any provision of this Agreement is determined by any court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such provision will be enforced to the maximum extent possible given the intent of the parties hereto.  If such clause or provision cannot be so enforced, such provision shall be stricken from this Agreement and the remainder of this Agreement shall be enforced as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable clause or provision had (to the extent not enforceable) never been contained in this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the forgoing, if the value of this Agreement based upon the substantial benefit of the bargain for any party is materially impaired, which determination as made by the presiding court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction shall be binding, then both parties agree to substitute, through good faith negotiations, for such provision(s) valid, legal and enforceable substitute provisions that implement to the greatest extent possible the intent of the parties, as of the date of this Agreement, that was reflected in the provision(s) being substituted for.
 
7.8            Attorney's Fees .  If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of this Agreement, including an arbitration, the prevailing party in such dispute shall be entitled to recover from the losing party all fees, costs and expenses of enforcing any right of such prevailing party under or with respect to this Agreement, including, without limitation, such reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys and accountants, which shall include, without limitation, all fees, costs and expenses of appeals.

 
- 5 -

 

7.9            Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts .   This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
 
7.10            Titles, Captions and Headings .   The titles, captions and headings of this Agreement are included for ease of reference only and will be disregarded in interpreting or construing this Agreement.
 
[ Remainder of page intentionally left blank ]

 
- 6 -

 

In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Subscription and Contribution Agreement as of the date first written above.

 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
   
 
By:
/s/ Richard Rutkowski
 
Name: 
Richard Rutkowski
 
Title:
CEO
   
 
FOUNDER
   
 
/s/ David B. Goodson
 
By: David B. Goodson
   
 
INVESTOR
   
 
/s/ Howard Sprouse
 
Name of Entity: Trustee, Goodson Trust
 
By: Howard Sprouse
 
Title: Trustee
   

 
 

 

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION

SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
CONSENT OF SPOUSE OR PARTNER
 
I, _______________, spouse or partner of _______, have read and approve the foregoing Subscription and Contribution Agreement (the " Agreement ").  In consideration of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my _______ as my attorney-in-fact with respect to the amendment of or the exercise of any rights under the Agreement and agree to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights in the the Agreement or any Shares issued pursuant thereto under any community property laws or other meritorious or equitable laws of the state of Washington or similar laws relating to marital, community property or equitable division of property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the Agreement.  I have been informed of my right to obtain independent legal counsel concerning this Agreement and the rights and obligations provided for in this Agreement, and by execution of this Agreement, acknowledge having either obtained such independent counsel or having waived the same.
 
 
Date:
 
   
 
  
 
(Signature)
   
 
  
 
(Printed Name)

 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT A

BUSINESS PLAN AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
 
1.           The business concept, business plan, market research, strategy definition and other related business materials developed by Founder, whether independently or jointly with others, for ClearSign Combustion Corporation, including without limitation as described in the attachment to this Exhibit A .
 
2.           All inventions, discoveries, designs, developments, improvements, processes, software programs, works of authorship, documentation, formulae, data techniques, know-how, secrets and intellectual property rights (whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar statutes or analogous protection) made, conceived, discovered or reduced to practice by the Founder (either alone or with others) either before the date hereof or in the course of providing services to the Company and relating to the Company's business or business plans.
 
3.           All ownership, moral, attribution and/or integrity rights, and the right to enforce any rights and file any causes of action, including the right to recover damages, for any past, present or future infringement or misappropriation of any of the foregoing rights assigned to Company.
 
Excluded Rights, Interests, Works, and/or Properties:

 
 

 
 
Exhibit 10.14
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
This Subscription and Contribution Agreement (this " Agreement ") is entered into as of April 14, 2008 between ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), Trinity West Trust I (" Investor "), and Richard Rutkowski (" Founder " and, together with Investor, the " Founder Group ").
 
RECITALS
 
A.           Founder has conceived or developed certain Business Plans and Intellectual Property (as defined below) relating to the proposed business for which the Company has been formed.
 
B.           Founder desires to contribute all of his right, title and interest in such Business Plans and Intellectual Property, plus $0.025 per share in cash, to the Company in exchange for the issuance to Investor of 240,000 shares of the Class B Common Stock of Company, $0.0001 par value per share (" Class B Common "), as provided in this Agreement.
 
C.           The Company desires to accept such consideration and to issue such shares of Class B Common as provided in this Agreement.
 
D.           Founder agrees that the promises of the Company herein constitute valid consideration to make this Agreement enforceable against Founder.
 
AGREEMENTS
 
1.            Purchase and Sale of Shares .  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Investor, and the Investor hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase from the Company, 240,000 shares of the Company's Class B Common (the " Shares ") in exchange for the following consideration:
 
1.1           $0.025 per share in cash which has been delivered from the Founder to the Company upon execution of this Agreement; plus
 
1.2           all right, title and interest of the Founder in and to (i) the business concept and business plan relating to the Company as described in Exhibit A , (ii) all precursors, portions and work in progress with respect thereto and all ideas, concepts, inventions, works of authorship, technology, source code, information, know how, techniques, tools and materials related thereto, and (iii) all copyrights, patent rights, trade secret rights, trademark rights, mask work rights, sui generis database rights, and all other intellectual and industrial property rights of any sort, and all contract rights, causes of action, and goodwill in, incorporated or embodied in, used to develop, or related to any of the foregoing, except for any excluded items as set forth on Exhibit A   (collectively, the " Business Plans and Intellectual Property ").

 
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2.            Assignment .  Founder hereby assigns and contributes to the Company all of Founder's past, present and future right, title and interest in and to the Business Plans and Intellectual Property.
 
3.            Further Assurances .
 
3.1           The Founder hereby agrees to assist the Company in every legal way to evidence, record, and perfect the assignment of the Business Plans and Intellectual Property referred to in Section 1 above and to apply for and obtain recordation of, and from time to time enforce, maintain and defend, such assigned rights.  If the Company is unable for any reason whatsoever to obtain the Founder's signature to any document it is entitled to under this Section 3 , the Founder hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as his agents and attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution to act for and on his behalf and instead of the Founder to execute and file any such document or documents and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the purposes of the foregoing with the same legal force and effect as if executed by the Founder.
 
3.2           To the extent allowed by law, the Company and the Founder hereby acknowledge and agree that the Business Plans and Intellectual Property assigned to the Company pursuant to Section 2 of this Agreement include all rights of paternity, integrity, disclosure, and withdrawal and any other rights that may be known or referred to as "moral rights," "artist's rights," "droit moral" or the like.  To the extent the Founder retains any such rights under applicable law, the Founder hereby ratifies and consents to, and provides all necessary ratifications and consents to, any action that may be taken with respect to such rights by or authorized by the Company, and the Founder agrees not to assert any such rights with respect thereto.  The Founder will confirm any such ratifications, consents and agreements from time to time as requested by the Company.
 
4.            Confidential Information .  Each member of the Founder Group will not use for himself or itself or disclose anything assigned to the Company hereunder or any other technical or business information or plans of the Company, except to the extent such member of the Founder Group (a) is authorized to use or disclose such information for and on behalf of the Company, (b) can document that such information is generally available (through no unauthorized disclosure of such member of the Founder Group) to the public without charge, license or restriction, or (c) is permitted to use or disclose such information or plans pursuant to any other written agreement between such member of the Founder Group and the Company.  Each member of the Founder Group recognizes and agrees that there is no adequate remedy at law for a breach of this Section 4 , that such a breach would irreparably harm the Company and that the Company is entitled to equitable relief (including, without limitations, injunctions) with respect to any such breach or potential breach in addition to any other remedies.

 
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5.            Founder and Investor Representations .  Each of Founder and Investor, as applicable, represents and warrants to the Company as follows:
 
5.1           (i) The Founder along with David Goodson and Geoff Osler, has at all times been the sole owner (other than the Company) of all rights, title and interest in the Business Plans and Intellectual Property (the " Contributed Assets "), (ii) Founder has not assigned, transferred, licensed, pledged or otherwise encumbered any Contributed Assets or agreed to do so, (iii) each of Founder and Investor has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, (iv) Founder has full power and authority to make the assignment and contribution of the Contributed Assets as provided herein, and (v) Founder has at all times used commercially reasonable efforts to preserve the confidentiality of those aspects of the Contributed Assets that Founder considers to constitute trade secrets and has not disclosed or otherwise dealt with such items in such a manner as to forfeit or relinquish protection of such items under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act or comparable law.
 
5.2           Except as set forth on Exhibit B , the Founder (i) has not filed any patent application or registered any work of authorship with the U.S. Copyright Office or any trademark, service mark or other source identifier with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with respect to any Contributed Assets, and (ii) has no actual knowledge of any prior art, fact or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to prevent the Company from securing patent protection for any inventions included in or derived from the Contributed Assets that otherwise could reasonably be expected to be patentable.
 
5.3           The Shares to be acquired by Investor in exchange for the Contributed Assets under this Agreement will be acquired for investment for Investor's own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to the resale or distribution of any part thereof.  Investor has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the Shares.  Investor does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person or entity to sell, transfer or grant participations to such person or entity or to any other person or entity, with respect to any of the Shares.
 
5.4           Each of Founder and Investor understands that the Shares have not been, and will not be, registered under federal or state securities laws, by reason of a specific exemption from the registration provisions of such laws which depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent and the accuracy of Founder's and Investor's representations as expressed herein.  Each of Founder and Investor understands that the Shares are "restricted securities" under applicable federal and state securities laws and that, pursuant to these laws, Investor must hold the   Shares   indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission for sale and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available.  Each of Founder and Investor acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to register or qualify the Shares for resale.  Each of Founder and Investor further acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period for the Shares, and on requirements relating to the Company which are outside of Founder's and Investor's control, and which the Company is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy.  Each of Founder and Investor is an "accredited investor" under Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933.

 
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6.            Restrictive Legends .  Each certificate or certificates representing the Shares shall bear the following legends (as well as any legends required by applicable state and federal corporate and securities laws):
 
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH A VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF.  NO SUCH SALE OR DISTRIBUTION MAY BE EFFECTED WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY OR OTHER EVIDENCE SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933."
 
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF A SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE SHAREHOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY."
 
7.            General .
 
7.1            Assignment .   This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the respective successors, assigns and legal representatives of the parties, but shall not otherwise be for the benefit of any third party.
 
7.2            Further Assurances .   The parties agree to execute such further documents and instruments and to take such further actions as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.
 
7.3            Notices .   Unless otherwise provided, any notice under this Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given (a) upon personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) upon confirmation of receipt by fax by the party to be notified, (c) one business day after deposit with a reputable overnight courier, prepaid for overnight delivery and addressed as set forth in (d), or (d) 4 days after deposit with the United States Post Office, postage prepaid, registered or certified with return receipt requested and addressed to the party to be notified at the address indicated on the signature page hereto, or at such other address as such party may designate by 10 days' advance written notice to the other party given in the foregoing manner.

 
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7.4            Governing Law .   This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without regard to principles of Washington law concerning conflicts of laws.
 
7.5            Entire Agreement .   This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes all prior understandings and agreements, whether oral or written, between or among the parties hereto with respect to the specific subject matter hereof.
 
7.6            Amendment and Waiver; Termination .   This Agreement may be amended or terminated only by a written agreement executed by the Founder, the Investor, and the Company.  No amendment, waiver or modification of any obligation under this Agreement will be enforceable unless set forth in a writing signed by the party against which enforcement is sought.  Any amendment effected in accordance with this section will be binding upon all parties hereto and each of their respective successors and assigns.  No delay or failure to require performance of any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of that provision as to that or any other instance.  No waiver granted under this Agreement as to any one provision herein shall constitute a subsequent waiver of such provision or of any other provision herein, nor shall it constitute the waiver of any performance other than the actual performance specifically waived.
 
7.7            Severability .   If any provision of this Agreement is determined by any court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such provision will be enforced to the maximum extent possible given the intent of the parties hereto.  If such clause or provision cannot be so enforced, such provision shall be stricken from this Agreement and the remainder of this Agreement shall be enforced as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable clause or provision had (to the extent not enforceable) never been contained in this Agreement.  Notwithstanding the forgoing, if the value of this Agreement based upon the substantial benefit of the bargain for any party is materially impaired, which determination as made by the presiding court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction shall be binding, then both parties agree to substitute, through good faith negotiations, for such provision(s) valid, legal and enforceable substitute provisions that implement to the greatest extent possible the intent of the parties, as of the date of this Agreement, that was reflected in the provision(s) being substituted for.
 
7.8            Attorney's Fees .  If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of this Agreement, including an arbitration, the prevailing party in such dispute shall be entitled to recover from the losing party all fees, costs and expenses of enforcing any right of such prevailing party under or with respect to this Agreement, including, without limitation, such reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys and accountants, which shall include, without limitation, all fees, costs and expenses of appeals.
 
7.9            Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts .   This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 
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7.10            Titles, Captions and Headings .   The titles, captions and headings of this Agreement are included for ease of reference only and will be disregarded in interpreting or construing this Agreement.
 
[ Remainder of page intentionally left blank ]

 
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In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this Subscription and Contribution Agreement as of the date first written above.
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
By:
/s/ Geoff Osler
Name:  Geoffrey Osler
Title:    Secretary
 
FOUNDER
 
/s/ Richard Rutkowski
By:
 
INVESTOR
 
/s/ Geoffrey Osler
Name of Entity: Trinity West Trust I
By: Geoffrey D. Osler
Title: Trustee

INVESTOR
 
/s/ Geoffrey Osler
Name of Entity: Trinity West Trust II
By: Geoffrey D. Osler
Title: Trustee

 
 

 
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
CONSENT OF SPOUSE OR PARTNER
 
I, _______________, spouse or partner of _______, have read and approve the foregoing Subscription and Contribution Agreement (the " Agreement ").  In consideration of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my _______ as my attorney-in-fact with respect to the amendment of or the exercise of any rights under the Agreement and agree to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights in the the Agreement or any Shares issued pursuant thereto under any community property laws or other meritorious or equitable laws of the state of Washington or similar laws relating to marital, community property or equitable division of property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the Agreement.  I have been informed of my right to obtain independent legal counsel concerning this Agreement and the rights and obligations provided for in this Agreement, and by execution of this Agreement, acknowledge having either obtained such independent counsel or having waived the same.

Date:
 
 
 
(Signature)
 
 
(Printed Name)

 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT A

BUSINESS PLAN AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
 
1.           The business concept, business plan, market research, strategy definition and other related business materials developed by Founder, whether independently or jointly with others, for ClearSign Combustion Corporation, including without limitation as described in the attachment to this Exhibit A .
 
2.           All inventions, discoveries, designs, developments, improvements, processes, software programs, works of authorship, documentation, formulae, data techniques, know-how, secrets and intellectual property rights (whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar statutes or analogous protection) made, conceived, discovered or reduced to practice by the Founder (either alone or with others) either before the date hereof or in the course of providing services to the Company and relating to the Company's business or business plans.
 
3.           All ownership, moral, attribution and/or integrity rights, and the right to enforce any rights and file any causes of action, including the right to recover damages, for any past, present or future infringement or misappropriation of any of the foregoing rights assigned to Company.
 
Excluded Rights, Interests, Works, and/or Properties:

 
 

 

Exhibit 10.15

CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT
 
This Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement (this " Agreement ") is made as of April 14, 2008 by and between ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), and Dr. Thomas Hartwick (the " Purchaser ").
 
In consideration of the mutual covenants and representations set forth below, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:
 
1.            Purchase and Sale of the Shares .  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase from the Company, 100,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock (the " Shares ") in exchange for Purchaser's assignment of all right, title and interest of the Founder in and to (i) the business concept and business plan relating to the Company as described in Exhibit A , (ii) all precursors, portions and work in progress with respect thereto and all ideas, concepts, inventions, works of authorship, technology, source code, information, know how, techniques, tools and materials related thereto, and (iii) all copyrights, patent rights, trade secret rights, trademark rights, mask work rights, sui generis database rights, and all other intellectual and industrial property rights of any sort, and all contract rights, causes of action, and goodwill in, incorporated or embodied in, used to develop, or related to any of the foregoing, except for such rights, property or inventions as are designated on Exhibit A as being excluded from assignment pursuant to this Agreement (collectively, the " Business Plans and Intellectual Property ").
 
2.            Assignment .  Purchaser hereby assigns and contributes to the Company all of Purchaser's past, present and future right, title and interest in and to the Business Plans and Intellectual Property.
 
3.            Repurchase Option .
 
3.1           In the event the Purchaser ceases to be an employee, consultant, advisor, officer or director of the Company (a " Service Provider "), for any or no reason, including without limitation by reason of the Purchaser's death or disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the " Code "), " Disability "), resignation or involuntary termination, the Company shall, from such time (as determined by the Company in its discretion), have an irrevocable, exclusive option to repurchase (the " Repurchase Option ") any Shares which are then subject to the Repurchase Option as provided below (the " Unreleased Shares "), at a price per share of $0.025 (the " Repurchase Price ").  The Company may exercise its Repurchase Option as to any or all of the Unreleased Shares at any time after the Purchaser ceases to be a Service Provider; provided, however, that without requirement of further action on the part of either party hereto, the Repurchase Option shall be deemed to have been automatically exercised as to all Unreleased Shares at 5:00 p.m. Pacific time as of the date that is 90 days following the date the Purchaser ceases to be a Service Provider, unless the Company declines in writing to exercise its Repurchase Option prior to such time; and provided, further, that notwithstanding the above, the Repurchase Option shall not be deemed to have been automatically exercised, and shall instead be deemed to become temporarily unexercisable as of such time and date in any case where such automatic exercise would result in a violation of applicable law by reason of the Company having insufficient assets to meet its obligations or otherwise.  The Repurchase Option shall once again be deemed exercisable (or, as provided above, exercised) as soon as a violation of applicable law would not result from its exercise.

 
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3.2           If the Company decides not to exercise its Repurchase Option, it shall use commercially reasonable efforts to notify the Purchaser in writing within 90 days of the date the Purchaser ceases to be a Service Provider.  If the Repurchase Option is exercised or deemed exercised within 90 days of the date the Purchaser ceases to be a Service Provider, the Company shall deliver payment to the Purchaser, with a copy to the Escrow Agent (as defined in Section 7 hereof), by any of the following methods, in the Company's sole discretion:  (i) delivering to the Purchaser or the Purchaser's executor a check in the amount of the aggregate Repurchase Price, (ii) canceling an amount of the Purchaser's indebtedness to the Company equal to the aggregate Repurchase Price, or (iii) any combination of (i) and (ii) such that the combined payment and cancellation of indebtedness equals the aggregate Repurchase Price.
 
3.3           In the event that the Repurchase Option is exercised or deemed exercised, the sole right and remedy of the Purchaser thereafter shall be to receive the Repurchase Price, and in no case shall the Purchaser have any claim of ownership as to any of the Unreleased Shares.
 
3.4           The Company in its sole discretion may assign all or part of the Repurchase Option to one or more employees, officers, directors or shareholders of the Company or other persons or organizations.
 
4.            Release of Shares from Repurchase Option; Vesting .
 
4.1           Upon execution of this Agreement, all of the Shares shall be Unreleased Shares subject to the Repurchase Option.  So long as the Purchaser's status as a Service Provider has not terminated in each such instance, 1/4th of the total number of Shares (i.e., 25,000 shares) shall be released from the Repurchase Option at the end of each quarter-annual period after the date hereof (i.e., starting with May __, 2008), until all of the Unreleased Shares have been released on February __, 2009.
 
4.2           Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a Change of Control (as defined below) prior to all Unreleased Shares being released from the Repurchase Option under the foregoing schedule, all Unreleased Shares as of the Change of Control closing date shall be released from the Repurchase Option.
 
4.3           Subject to the provisions of Section 6 , the Shares which have been released from the Company's Repurchase Option shall be delivered to the Purchaser at the Purchaser's request.

 
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4.4           For purposes of this Agreement, " Change of Control " means:  (i) the closing of the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's assets (including an exclusive worldwide license with respect to all or substantially all of the Company's intellectual property); (ii) the consummation of a merger, share exchange or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity (except one in which the holders of capital stock of the Company as constituted immediately prior to such merger, share exchange or consolidation continue to hold at least 50% of the voting power of the capital stock of the Company or the surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent entity)); or (iii) a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company (whether voluntary or involuntary).
 
5.            Restrictions on Transfer .
 
5.1           The Purchaser represents and warrants to the Company as follows:
 
(a)         Purchaser understands that the Shares have not been, and will not be, registered under federal or state securities laws, by reason of a specific exemption from the registration provisions of such laws which depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent and the accuracy of Purchaser's representations as expressed herein.
 
(b)         Purchaser understands that the Shares are "restricted securities" under applicable federal and state securities laws and that, pursuant to these laws, Purchaser must hold the   Shares   indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission for sale and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available.
 
(c)         Purchaser acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to register or qualify the Shares for resale.
 
(d)         Purchaser acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period for the Shares, and on requirements relating to the Company which are outside of Purchaser's control, and which the Company is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy.
 
(e)         Purchaser is an "accredited investor" under Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933.
 
5.2           The Purchaser understands and agrees that the Company shall cause the legends set forth below, or substantially equivalent legends, to be placed upon any certificate(s) evidencing ownership of the Shares, together with any other legends that may be required by the Company or by applicable state or federal securities laws:
 
THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 (THE "ACT") AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED, PLEDGED OR HYPOTHECATED UNLESS AND UNTIL REGISTERED UNDER THE ACT OR, IN THE OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER OF THESE SECURITIES, SUCH OFFER, SALE OR TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR HYPOTHECATION OTHERWISE COMPLIES WITH THE ACT.

 
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THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER, A LOCK-UP PERIOD IN THE EVENT OF A PUBLIC OFFERING AND A REPURCHASE OPTION HELD BY THE ISSUER OR ITS ASSIGNEE(S) AS SET FORTH IN THE RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE ISSUER AND THE ORIGINAL HOLDER OF THESE SHARES, A COPY OF WHICH MAY BE OBTAINED AT THE PRINCIPAL OFFICE OF THE ISSUER. SUCH TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS, LOCK-UP PERIOD AND REPURCHASE OPTION ARE BINDING ON TRANSFEREES OF THESE SHARES.
 
5.3            Stop-Transfer Notices .  The Purchaser agrees that to ensure compliance with the restrictions referred to herein, the Company may issue appropriate "stop transfer" instructions to its transfer agent, if any, and that, if the Company transfers its own securities, it may make appropriate notations to the same effect in its own records.
 
5.4            Refusal to Transfer .  The Company shall not be required (i) to transfer on its books any Shares that have been sold or otherwise transferred in violation of any of the provisions of this Agreement or (ii) to treat as owner of such Shares or to accord the right to vote or pay dividends to any purchaser or other transferee to whom such Shares shall have been so transferred.
 
5.5            Lock-Up Period .  The Purchaser hereby agrees that the Purchaser shall not sell, offer, pledge, contract to sell, grant any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or encumber, directly or indirectly, any Shares or other securities of the Company, nor shall the Purchaser enter into any swap, hedging or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Shares or other securities of the Company, during the period from the filing of the first registration statement of the Company filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the " Securities Act "), that includes securities to be sold on behalf of the Company to the public in an underwritten public offering under the Securities Act through the end of the 180-day period following the effective date of such registration statement (or such other period as may be requested by the Company or the underwriters to accommodate regulatory restrictions on (i) the publication or other distribution of research reports and (ii) analyst recommendations and opinions, including, but not limited to, the restrictions contained in NASD Rule 2711(f)(4) or NYSE Rule 472(f)(4), or any successor provisions or amendments thereto).  The obligations described in this section shall not apply to a registration relating solely to employee benefit plans on Form S-l or Form S-8 or similar forms that may be promulgated in the future, or a registration relating solely to a transaction on Form S-4 or similar forms that may be promulgated in the future.  The Purchaser further agrees, if so requested by the Company or any representative of its underwriters, to enter into such underwriter's standard form of "lockup" or "market standoff" agreement in a form satisfactory to the Company and such underwriter.  The Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to securities subject to the foregoing restrictions until the end of any such restriction period.
 
5.6            Unreleased Shares .  No Unreleased Shares subject to the Repurchase Option contained in Section 3 of this Agreement, nor any beneficial interest in such Shares, shall be sold, transferred, encumbered or otherwise disposed of in any way (whether by operation of law or otherwise) by the Purchaser, other than as expressly permitted or required by Section 3 .

 
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5.7            Released Shares .  No Shares purchased pursuant to this Agreement, nor any beneficial interest in such Shares, shall be sold, transferred, encumbered or otherwise disposed of in any way (whether by operation of law or otherwise) by the Purchaser or any subsequent transferee, other than in compliance with the Company's right of first refusal provisions contained in Section 6 of this Agreement.
 
6.            Escrow .  For purposes of facilitating the enforcement of the provisions of Section 4 above, the Purchaser agrees, immediately upon receipt of the certificate(s) for the Shares subject to the Repurchase Option, to deliver such certificate(s), together with a Stock Power and Assignment Separate from Certificate in the form attached to this Agreement as Exhibit B executed by the Purchaser, in blank, to the Secretary of the Company, or the Secretary's designee, to hold such certificate(s) and Stock Power and Assignment Separate from Certificate in escrow and to take all such actions and to effectuate all such transfers and/or releases as are in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.  The Purchaser hereby acknowledges that the Secretary of the Company, or the Secretary's designee, is so appointed as the escrow holder (" Escrow Agent ") with the foregoing authorities as a material inducement to make this Agreement and that said appointment is coupled with an interest and is accordingly irrevocable.  The Purchaser agrees that said Escrow Agent shall not be liable to any party hereof (or to any other party).  The Escrow Agent may rely upon any letter, notice or other document executed by any signature purported to be genuine and may resign at any time.  The Purchaser agrees that if the Secretary of the Company, or the Secretary's designee, resigns as Escrow Agent for any or no reason, the Board of Directors shall have the power to appoint a successor to serve as Escrow Agent pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.  Subject to the terms hereof, the Purchaser shall have the right to vote the Shares while they are held in escrow.  If, from time to time during the term of the Repurchase Option, there is (a) any stock dividend, stock split or other change in the Shares, (b) any dividend of cash or other property on the Shares or (c) any merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets or other acquisition of the Company, any and all new, substituted or additional securities or cash or other consideration to which the Purchaser is entitled by reason of the Purchaser's ownership of the Shares shall immediately become subject to this escrow, deposited with the Secretary of the Company, or the Secretary's designee, and included thereafter as "Shares" for purposes of this Agreement and the Repurchase Option.
 
7.            Tax Consequences .  The Purchaser has reviewed with the Purchaser's own tax advisors the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of this investment and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  The Purchaser is relying solely on such advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents.  The Purchaser understands that the Purchaser (and not the Company) shall be responsible for any tax liability that may arise as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  The Purchaser understands that Section 83 of the Code, taxes as ordinary income the difference between the purchase price for the Shares and the fair market value of the Shares as of the date any restrictions on the Shares lapse.  In this context, "restriction" includes the right of the Company to buy back the Shares pursuant to the Repurchase Option.  The Purchaser understands that the Purchaser may elect to be taxed at the time the Shares are purchased rather than when and as the Repurchase Option expires by filing an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with the IRS within thirty days from the date of purchase.   THE FORM FOR MAKING THIS SECTION 83(B) ELECTION IS ATTACHED TO THIS AGREEMENT AS EXHIBIT C AND THE PURCHASER (AND NOT THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS) SHALL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR APPROPRIATELY FILING SUCH FORM, EVEN IF THE PURCHASER REQUESTS THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENTS TO MAKE THIS FILING ON THE PURCHASER'S BEHALF.

 
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8.            General Provisions .
 
8.1            Choice of Law .  This Agreement and all acts and transactions pursuant hereto and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall be governed, construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law.  The parties consent to jurisdiction and venue in the state and federal courts sitting in King County, Washington.
 
8.2            Integration .  This Agreement, including all exhibits hereto, represents the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the purchase of the Shares by the Purchaser and supersedes and replaces any and all prior written or oral agreements including, but not limited to, any representations made during any interviews, relocation discussions or negotiations whether written or oral, regarding Purchaser's right to acquire, or ownership of, any equity interest in the Company.  Purchaser further agrees that this Agreement (and Shares issuable upon exercise of this Agreement) represents all of the Purchaser's equity interest in the Company and Purchaser has no other right to acquire, or ownership of, any equity interest in the Company.
 
8.3            Notices .  All notices and other communications given or made pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon the earlier of actual receipt or:  (a) personal delivery to the party to be notified, (b) when sent, if sent by facsimile during normal business hours of the recipient, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient's next business day, (c) 5 days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (d) one business day after the business day of deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next business day delivery, with written verification of receipt.  All communications shall be sent to the respective parties at their address as set forth on the signature pages hereto, or to such facsimile number or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 8.3 .  If notice is given to the Company, a copy shall also be sent to Perkins Coie, LLP, Attention: David F. McShea, 1201 Third Avenue, Suite 4800, Seattle, WA 98101.
 
8.4            Successors .  Any successor to the Company (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets shall be deemed to assume the obligations and to be entitled to the benefits under this Agreement to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform such obligations or would be entitled to such benefits in the absence of a succession.  The foregoing shall include any reincorporation of the Company into another jurisdiction by way of merger or otherwise.  For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets which executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in this section or which becomes bound by the terms of this Agreement by operation of law.  Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Agreement, this Agreement shall be binding upon the Purchaser and his or her heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.

 
6

 
 
8.5            Assignment; Transfers .  Except as set forth in this Agreement, this Agreement, and any and all rights, duties and obligations hereunder, shall not be assigned, transferred, delegated or sublicensed by the Purchaser without the prior written consent of the Company.  Any attempt by the Purchaser without such consent to assign, transfer, delegate or sublicense any rights, duties or obligations that arise under this Agreement shall be void.  Except as set forth in this Agreement, any transfers in violation of any restriction upon transfer contained in any section of this Agreement shall be void, unless such restriction is waived in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
 
8.6            Waiver .  Either party's failure to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not in any way be construed as a waiver of any such provision, nor prevent that party from thereafter enforcing any other provision of this Agreement.  The rights granted both parties hereunder are cumulative and shall not constitute a waiver of either party's right to assert any other legal remedy available to it.
 
8.7            Purchaser Investment Representations and Further Documents .  The Purchaser agrees upon request to execute any further documents or instruments necessary or reasonably desirable in the view of the Company to carry out the purposes or intent of this Agreement, including (but not limited to) the applicable exhibits and attachments to this Agreement.
 
8.8            Severability .  Should any provision of this Agreement be found to be illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions shall nevertheless remain effective and shall remain enforceable to the greatest extent permitted by law.
 
8.9            Rights as Shareholder .  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Purchaser shall have all of the rights of a shareholder of the Company with respect to the Shares from and after the date that the Purchaser delivers a fully executed copy of this Agreement (including the applicable exhibits and attachments to this Agreement) and full payment for the Shares to the Company, and until such time as the Purchaser disposes of the Shares in accordance with this Agreement.  Upon such transfer, the Purchaser shall have no further rights as a holder of the Shares so purchased except (in the case of a transfer to the Company) the right to receive payment for the Shares so purchased in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, and the Purchaser shall forthwith cause the certificate(s) evidencing the Shares so purchased to be surrendered to the Company for transfer or cancellation.

 
7

 

8.10            Adjustment for Stock Split, Recapitalizations, Etc .  In the event of the declaration of a stock dividend; the declaration of an extraordinary dividend payable in a form other than stock; a spin-off; a stock split; an adjustment in conversion ratio; a recapitalization or a similar transaction affecting the Company's outstanding securities without receipt of consideration; or any new, substituted or additional securities or other property (including money paid other than as an ordinary cash dividend) that by reason of such transaction are distributed with respect to any Shares or into which such Shares thereby become convertible (including without limitation any shares issued by any corporation into which the Company may be merged for the purpose of changing its jurisdiction of incorporation) shall immediately be subject to the Repurchase Option and this Agreement to the same extent as the Shares are subject.  Appropriate adjustments to reflect the distribution of such securities or property shall be made to the number and/or class of the Shares.  After each such transaction, appropriate adjustments shall also be made to the price per share to be paid upon the exercise of the Repurchase Option in order to reflect any change in the Company's outstanding securities effected without receipt of consideration therefor; provided, however, that the aggregate purchase price payable for the Shares shall remain the same.
 
8.11            Employment at Will .  The Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that the vesting of Shares pursuant to this Agreement is earned only by continuing service as a service provider at will (and not through the act of being hired or purchasing Shares hereunder).  The Purchaser further acknowledges and agrees that this agreement, the transactions contemplated hereunder and the vesting schedule set forth herein do not constitute an express or implied promise of continued engagement as a service provider for the vesting period, or for any period at all, and shall not interfere with the Purchaser's right or the Company's right to terminate the Purchaser's relationship with the Company at any time, with or without cause or notice.
 
8.12            Reliance on Counsel and Advisors .  The Purchaser acknowledges that Perkins Coie LLP is representing only the Company in this transaction.  The Purchaser acknowledges that he or she has had the opportunity to review this Agreement, including all attachments hereto, and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement with his or her own legal counsel, tax advisors and other advisors.  The Purchaser is relying solely on his or her own counsel and advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or its agents for legal or other advice with respect to this investment or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 
8.13            Counterparts .  This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same agreement.  Facsimile copies of signed signature pages shall be binding originals.

[ Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank ]

 
8

 

The parties represent that they have read this Agreement in its entirety, have had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Agreement and fully understand this Agreement.  The Purchaser agrees to notify the Company of any change in his or her address below.

PURCHASER
DR. THOMAS HARTWICK
   
/s/ Dr. Thomas Hartwick
 
Signature
 
   
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
   
/s/ Geoffrey Osler
 
Signature
 
   
Geoffrey Osler
 
Print Name
 
   
Secretary
 
Print Title
 
   

 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT A

BUSINESS PLAN AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
 
1.           The business concept, business plan, market research, strategy definition and other related business materials developed by Founder, whether independently or jointly with others, for ClearSign Combustion Corporation, including without limitation as described in the attachment to this Exhibit A .
 
2.           All inventions, discoveries, designs, developments, improvements, processes, software programs, works of authorship, documentation, formulae, data techniques, know-how, secrets and intellectual property rights (whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar statutes or analogous protection) made, conceived, discovered or reduced to practice by the Founder (either alone or with others) either before the date hereof or in the course of providing services to the Company and relating to the Company's business or business plans.
 
3.           All ownership, moral, attribution and/or integrity rights, and the right to enforce any rights and file any causes of action, including the right to recover damages, for any past, present or future infringement or misappropriation of any of the foregoing rights assigned to Company.

 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT B
 
STOCK POWER AND ASSIGNMENT
SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED and pursuant to that certain Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of __________ _____, _____, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto ___________________________________, _____________________________ (____________) shares of Common Stock of ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation, standing in the undersigned's name on the books of said corporation represented by certificate number _____ delivered herewith, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint ______________________ as attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, to transfer said stock on the books of said corporation.

Dated:
 
(Signature)
 
(Print Name)
 
(Spouse's Signature, if any)
 
(Print Name)

This Assignment Separate From Certificate was executed in conjunction with the terms of a Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement between the above assignor and the above corporation, dated as of February __, 2008.

Instruction: Please do not fill in any blanks other than the signature and name lines.

 
 

 

IF YOU WISH TO MAKE A SECTION 83(B) ELECTION, THE FILING OF SUCH ELECTION IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY.

THE FORM FOR MAKING THIS SECTION 83(B) ELECTION IS ATTACHED TO THIS AGREEMENT AS EXHIBIT C.

YOU MUST FILE THIS FORM WITHIN THIRTY (30) DAYS OF PURCHASING THE SHARES.

YOU (AND NOT THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS) SHALL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR FILING SUCH FORM WITH THE IRS, EVEN IF YOU REQUEST THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENTS TO MAKE THIS FILING ON YOUR BEHALF AND EVEN IF THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENTS HAVE PREVIOUSLY MADE THIS FILING ON YOUR BEHALF.

The election should be filed by mailing a signed election form by certified mail, return receipt requested to the IRS Service Center where you file your tax returns. See www.irs.gov

 
 

 

EXHIBIT C

ELECTION UNDER SECTION 83(b) OF THE
INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED

The undersigned taxpayer hereby elects, pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to include in his or her gross income for the current taxable year, the amount of any compensation taxable to him or her in connection with his or her receipt of the property described below:

           1.           The name, address, taxpayer identification number and taxable year of the undersigned are as follows:

NAME OF TAXPAYER:  Dr. Thomas Hartwick

TAXPAYER'S ADDRESS:

TAXPAYER ID #: _________________
 
           2.           The property with respect to which the election is made is described as follows: 100,000 shares (the " Shares ") of the Common Stock of ClearSign Combustion Corporation (the " Company ").
 
           3.           The date on which the property was transferred is: February __, 2008.
 
           4.           The property is subject to the following restrictions: The Shares may be repurchased by the Company, or its assignee, upon the occurrence of certain events. This right lapses with regard to a portion of the Shares over time.
 
           5.           The fair market value at the time of transfer, determined without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which by its terms will never lapse, of such property is $2,500.
 
6.           The amount, if any, paid for such property is the transfer of property having a value equal to $2,500.

The undersigned has submitted a copy of this statement to the person for whom the services were performed in connection with the undersigned's receipt of the above-described property. The transferee of such property is the person performing the services in connection with the transfer of said property.

The undersigned understand(s) that the foregoing election may not be revoked except with the consent of the Commissioner.
 
Dated:
       
     
Dr. Thomas Hartwick, Taxpayer
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Exhibit 10.17
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
 
This Subscription Agreement (the " Agreement ") is entered into by and between ClearSign Combustion Corporation, a Washington corporation (the " Company "), and the undersigned (" Purchaser ").
 
1.            Purchase of Common Stock .
 
(a)           Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Purchaser hereby subscribes for the number of shares of the Company's Common Stock (as defined below) set forth in Section 5(b) (the " Shares ") at a purchase price of $2.25 per Share (such price per share, the " Purchase Price ," and the total amount to be paid for the Shares, the " Subscription Amount ").  Fractional shares of Common Stock will not be issued, and the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued in respect of a given Subscription Amount will be reduced to the nearest whole share.  The term "Shares" refers to the purchased Shares and all securities received in replacement of or in connection with the Shares pursuant to stock dividends or splits, all securities received in replacement of the Shares in a recapitalization, merger, reorganization, exchange or the like, and all new, substituted or additional securities or other properties to which Purchaser is entitled by reason of Purchaser's ownership of the Shares, including the issuance of any Price Adjustment Shares (as defined below).
 
(b)           If, after the original issue date of the Shares, the Company closes a preferred stock equity financing (a " Preferred Financing ") in which shares of the Company's preferred stock are issued for a consideration per share less than the Purchase Price (the " Financing Price "), the Company shall, promptly following the closing of such Preferred Financing, issue to the Investor as a purchase price adjustment a number of additional shares of Common Stock equal to (i) the quotient of the Subscription Amount divided by the Financing Price minus (ii) the number of Shares originally subscribed for pursuant to Section 1(a) (such additional shares to be issued, the " Price Adjustment Shares ").  If any Price Adjustment Shares are required to be issued pursuant to this Section 1(b) , the Company shall deliver to the Purchaser a stock certificate representing such Price Adjustment Shares as promptly as possible.  Each of the parties hereby agrees to report the issuance of any such Price Adjustment Shares as a purchase price adjustment of the Shares for all applicable tax purposes.  The parties further agree that the Purchase Price may be adjusted through the issuance of Price Adjustment Shares pursuant to this Section 1(b) only once.
 
(c)           With this Agreement, the Purchaser encloses a certified or cashier's check payable to the order of "ClearSign Combustion Corporation" or has concurrently wired an amount of US Dollars to the Company equal to full payment of the Subscription Amount.
 
2.            Closing .  The Company will formally accept subscriptions and deposit all funds received from Purchasers upon receipt and approval by the Company and will not require a minimum amount of commitments from Purchasers before so doing.  Upon acceptance of the Purchaser's subscription, the Company shall deliver to Purchaser a certificate representing the Shares to be purchased by Purchaser (which shall be issued in Purchaser's name).

 
 

 
 
3.            Company Representations and Warranties .  The Company hereby represents and warrants that, as of the date that the Company first accepts a subscription and a Purchaser's first payment pursuant to this offering:
 
(a)            Organization .  The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Washington and has all requisite corporate power and authority to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted.
 
(b)            Capitalization .
 
(i)           Preferred Stock .  2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, are authorized for issuance, none of which are issued and outstanding.  The rights, privileges and preferences of the Preferred Stock are as stated in the Articles of Incorporation of the Company.
 
(ii)          Common Stock .  8,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the " Common Stock "), are authorized for issuance, of which 1,140,000 shares are issued and outstanding, and 4,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, are authorized for issuance, of which 860,000 shares are issued and outstanding.  The Company has reserved 860,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance upon conversion of the Class B Common Stock.  The outstanding shares of Common Stock and Class B Common Stock have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and were issued in accordance with the registration or qualification requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the " Securities Act "), and applicable state securities laws, or pursuant to valid exemptions therefrom.
 
(c)            Authorization; Enforceability .  All corporate action on the part of the Company, its officers, directors and stockholders necessary for the authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement, the performance of all obligations of the Company hereunder, and the authorization, issuance, sale and delivery of the Shares has been taken or will be taken on or prior to the Purchase Date, and the terms of this Agreement constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms.
 
(d)            Valid Issuance .  The Shares being acquired by the Purchaser hereunder, when issued, sold and delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement for the consideration expressed herein, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, and will be free of restrictions on transfer other than restrictions on transfer under this Agreement and under applicable state and federal securities laws.
 
(e)            Litigation .  There is no action, suit, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the Company's knowledge, currently threatened against the Company.  The Company is not a party or subject to the provisions of any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree of any court or government agency or instrumentality.  There is no action, suit, proceeding or investigation by the Company currently pending or that the Company intends to initiate.

 
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(f)            No Conflict .  The Company is not in violation or default of any provision of its Articles of Incorporation or bylaws, as in effect on the Purchase Date, or in any material respect of any instrument, judgment, order, writ or decree to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or, to its knowledge, of any provision of any federal or state statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company.  The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not result in any such violation or constitute, with or without the passage of time and giving of notice, either a default under any such provision of its charter or bylaws, or in any material respect of any such instrument, judgment, order, writ or decree, or an event that results in the creation of any material lien, charge or encumbrance upon any assets of the Company or the suspension, revocation, impairment, forfeiture, or non-renewal of any material permit, license, authorization, or approval applicable to the Company, its business or operations or any of its assets or properties.
 
4.            Purchaser Acknowledgements and Representations .  In connection with the purchase of the Shares, Purchaser acknowledges and represents to the Company the following:
 
(a)           The Company may accept or reject this Agreement and the number of Shares subscribed for hereunder, in whole or in part, in its sole and absolute discretion.  The Company has no obligation to issue any of the Shares to any person who is a resident of a jurisdiction in which the issuance of the Shares would constitute a violation of federal or state securities or "blue sky" or other similar laws (collectively the " Securities Laws ").
 
(b)           This Agreement is and shall be irrevocable, except that the Purchaser shall have no obligations hereunder to the extent that this Agreement is rejected by the Company.
 
(c)           This Agreement and the rights, powers and duties set forth herein shall be binding upon the Purchaser, the Purchaser's heirs, estate, legal representatives, successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the Company, its successors and assigns.
 
(d)           No federal or state agency has made any finding or determination as to the fairness of this offering for investment, or any recommendation or endorsement of the Shares.
 
(e)           The Shares issued to the Purchaser are entitled to one vote per share.  The Class B Common Stock held by certain other shareholders in the Company is entitled to two votes per share.

 
-3-

 

(f)           The Company has made available to the Purchaser, or to the Purchaser's attorney, accountant or representative, all documents that the Purchaser has requested, and the Purchaser has requested all documents and other information that the Purchaser has deemed necessary to consider respecting an investment in the Company.  The Company has provided answers to all questions concerning the offering and an investment in the Company.  The Purchaser has carefully considered and has, to the extent the Purchaser believes necessary, discussed with the Purchaser's professional legal, tax and financial advisers and his/her/its representative (if any) the suitability of an investment in the Company for the Purchaser's particular tax and financial situation.  All information the Purchaser has provided to the Company concerning the Purchaser and the Purchaser's financial position is, to Purchaser's knowledge, correct and complete as of the date set forth below, and if there should be any material adverse change in such information prior to the acceptance of this Agreement by the Company, the Purchaser will immediately provide such information to the Company.  The Purchaser has such knowledge, skill, and experience in business, financial, and investment matters so that he/she is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Shares.  To the extent necessary, the Purchaser has retained, at his/her own expense, and relied upon, appropriate professional advice regarding the investment, tax, and legal merits and consequences of this Agreement and owning the Shares.
 
(g)           Purchaser is purchasing the Shares for investment for his or her own account only and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, any "distribution" thereof within the meaning of the Securities Act.  Purchaser acknowledges that an investment in the Shares is a high-risk, speculative investment.
 
(h)           Purchaser understands that the Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act by reason of a specific exemption therefrom, which exemption depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of Purchaser's investment intent as expressed herein.
 
(i)           Purchaser understands that the Shares are "restricted securities" under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and that, pursuant to these laws, Purchaser must hold the Shares indefinitely unless they are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and qualified by state authorities, or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available.  Purchaser acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to register or qualify the Shares for resale.  Purchaser further acknowledges that if an exemption from registration or qualification is available, it may be conditioned on various requirements including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period for the Shares, and requirements relating to the Company which are outside of the Purchaser's control, and which the Company is under no obligation and may not be able to satisfy.
 
(j)           The Company has not received from its legal counsel, accountants or professional advisors any independent valuation of the Company or any of its equity securities, or any opinion as to the fairness of the terms of this offering or the adequacy of disclosure of materials pertaining to the Company or the offering.
 
(k)           The Purchaser has adequate net worth and means of providing for his/her/its current needs and personal contingencies to sustain a complete loss of the investment in the Company at the time of investment, and the Purchaser has no need for liquidity in the investment in the Shares.
 
(l)           The Purchaser understands that plans, estimates and projections, by their nature, involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis that may or may not be correct; that there can be no assurance that such plans, projections or goals will be attained; and that any such plans, projections and estimates should not be relied upon as a promise or representation of the future performance of the Company.

 
-4-

 
 
5.            Purchaser Information .
 
(a)            Status as an Accredited Investor .  By initialing the appropriate space(s) below, the Purchaser represents and warrants that he/she/it is an " Accredited Investor " within the meaning of Regulation D.
 
o   a.
A director, executive officer or general partner of Company.
o   b.
A natural person whose individual net worth or joint net worth with spouse at time of purchase exceeds $1,000,000.
o   c.
A natural person who had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of two most recent years or joint income with spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching same level of income in current year.
o   d.
A corporation, limited liability company, partnership, tax-exempt organization (under Section 501(c)(3) of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) or Massachusetts or similar business trust (i) not formed for specific purpose of acquiring Class A Common Stock and (ii) having total assets in excess of $5,000,000.
o   e.
An entity which falls within one of following categories of institutional accredited investors, set forth in 501(a) of Regulation D under Securities Act [if you have marked this category, also mark which of following items describes you:]
 
o   1.
A bank as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in Section 3(a)(5)(A) of Securities Act whether acting in its individual or a fiduciary capacity.
 
o   2.
A broker/dealer registered pursuant to Section 15 of Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
o   3.
An insurance company as defined in Section 2(13) of Securities Act.
 
o   4.
An investment company registered under Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in Section 2(a)(48) of that act.
 
o   5.
A Small Business Investment Company licensed by U.S. Small Business Administration under Section 301(c) or (d) of Small Business Investment Act of 1958.
 
o   6.
Any plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions for benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000.
 
o   7.
Any private business development company as defined in Section 202(a)(22) of Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
 
o   8.
An employee benefit plan within meaning of Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, if investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in Section 3(21) of such act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company or registered investment adviser, or if employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors.
 
o   9.
A trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for specific purpose of acquiring Class A Common Stock offered, whose purchase is directed by sophisticated person as described in Rule 506(b)(2)(ii) of Regulation D.
o   f.
An entity in which all equity owners are accredited investors as described above.
 
PURCHASER MUST INDICATE THE APPLICABLE CATEGORY OR CATEGORIES BY INITIALING EACH APPLICABLE SPACE ABOVE; IF JOINT INVESTORS, BOTH PARTIES MUST INITIAL .

 
-5-

 
 
(b)            Subscription Information .  Please complete the following information.

Subscription Amount: $________________ (@ $_____ per share)
 
___________________________________________________
Name Purchaser would like to appear on Company's Ledger of Common Stock
 
Indicate ownership as:

____ (a)
Individual
 
____ (b)
Community Property
 
____ (c)
Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship
) All parties
____ (d)
Tenants in Common
) must sign
____ (e)
Corporate
 
____ (f)
Partnership
 
____ (g)
Trust
 

     
Address of Residence
 
Address for Sending Notices
(or Business, if not an individual)
 
(if different)
     
     
City, State and Zip Code
 
City, State and Zip Code
     
     
Telephone Number
 
Telephone Number
 
The Purchaser is a resident of, or (in the case of an entity) is organized under the laws of,
 
the State of ______________________________.

Purchaser's Taxpayer ID or Social Security No.:
 
Citizen of:
 
E-mail Address:
 

 
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6.            Market Stand-Off .  In connection with the initial underwritten public offering by the Company of its equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Purchaser shall not, without the prior written consent of the Company's managing underwriter, (i) lend, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of the Company's Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Company's Common Stock (whether such shares or any such securities are then owned by the Purchaser or are thereafter acquired), or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Company's Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Company's Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.  Such restriction (the " Market Stand-Off ") shall be in effect for such period of time following the date of the final prospectus for the offering as may be requested by the Company or such underwriters.  In no event, however, shall such period exceed 180 days or such longer period requested by the underwriters to comply with regulatory restrictions on the publication of research reports (including, without limitation, NASD 2711).  In the event of the declaration of a stock dividend, a spin-off, a stock split, an adjustment in conversion ratio, a recapitalization or a similar transaction affecting the Company's outstanding securities without receipt of consideration, any new, substituted or additional securities that are by reason of such transaction distributed with respect to any Company Common Stock subject to the Market Stand-Off, or into which such Company Common Stock thereby become convertible, shall immediately be subject to the Market Stand-Off.  To enforce the Market Stand-Off, the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the Shares until the end of the applicable stand-off period.  This Section 6 shall not apply to Shares registered in the public offering under the Securities Act, and the Purchaser shall be subject to this Section 6 only if the directors and officers of the Company are subject to similar arrangements.
 
7.            Restrictive Legends and Stop-Transfer Orders .
 
7.1           Legends .  The certificate or certificates representing the Shares shall bear the following legends (as well as any legends required by applicable state and federal corporate and securities laws):
 
 
(a)
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH A VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF.  NO SUCH SALE OR DISTRIBUTION MAY BE EFFECTED WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (OR OTHER EVIDENCE) IN A FORM SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933.
 
 
(b)
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE SHAREHOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY.

 
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(c)
Any legend required to be placed thereon by any appropriate securities commissioner.
 
7.2           Stop-Transfer Notices .  Purchaser agrees that, to ensure compliance with the restrictions referred to herein, the Company may issue appropriate "stop transfer" instructions to its transfer agent, if any, and that, if the Company transfers its own securities, it may make appropriate notations to the same effect in its own records.
 
7.3           Refusal to Transfer .  The Company shall not be required (i) to transfer on its books any Shares that have been sold or otherwise transferred in violation of any of the provisions of this Agreement or (ii) to treat as owner of such Shares or to accord the right to vote or pay dividends to any purchaser or other transferee to whom such Shares shall have been so transferred.
 
7.4           Removal of Legend .  The Shares held by Purchaser will no longer be subject to the legend referred to in Section 7.1(b) following the expiration or termination of the lock-up provisions of Section 6 (and of any agreement entered pursuant to Section 6 ).  After such time, and upon Purchaser's request, a new certificate or certificates representing the Shares not repurchased shall be issued without the legend referred to in Section 7.1(b) , and delivered to Purchaser.
 
8.            Miscellaneous .
 
8.1           Governing Law .  This Agreement and all acts and transactions pursuant hereto and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall be governed, construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law.  The parties consent to jurisdiction and venue in the state and federal courts sitting in King County, Washington.
 
8.2           Entire Agreement; Enforcement of Rights .  This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding of the parties relating to the subject matter herein and merges all prior discussions between them.  No modification of or amendment to this Agreement, nor any waiver of any rights under this Agreement, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement.  The failure by either party to enforce any rights under this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any rights of such party.
 
8.3           Severability .  If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held to be   unenforceable under applicable law, the parties agree to renegotiate such provision in good faith.  If the parties cannot reach a mutually agreeable and enforceable replacement for such provision, then (i) such provision shall be excluded from this Agreement, (ii) the balance of the Agreement shall be interpreted as if such provision were so excluded and (iii) the balance of the Agreement shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms.

 
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8.4            Construction .  This Agreement is the result of negotiations between and has been reviewed by each of the parties hereto and their respective counsel, if any; accordingly, this Agreement shall be deemed to be the product of all of the parties hereto, and no ambiguity shall be construed in favor of or against any one of the parties hereto.
 
8.5            Notices .  Any notice required or permitted by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficient when delivered personally or sent by fax or 48 hours after being deposited in the U.S. mail, as certified or registered mail, with postage prepaid, and addressed to the party to be notified at such party's address or fax number as set forth below or as subsequently modified by written notice.
 
8.6            Counterparts .  This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one instrument.
 
8.7            Successors and Assigns .  The rights and benefits of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the Company's successors and assigns.  The rights and obligations of Purchaser under this Agreement may only be assigned with the prior written consent of the Company.
 
[ Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank ]

 
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The Purchaser, by his or her signature below, or by that of its authorized representative, confirms that Purchaser has carefully reviewed and understands this Agreement .
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Purchaser has executed this Agreement as of __________, 2008.

PURCHASER (if individual):
 
PURCHASER (if entity):
     
     
Signature
 
Name of Entity
       
   
By:
 
Name (type or print)
     
       
   
Name:
 
       
       
Signature of Co-Signer (if any)
 
Its:
 
       
       
Name of Co-Signer (type or print)
     
 
AGREED AND ACCEPTED as of __________, 2008.
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
By:
 
 
Rick Rutkowski, President and Chief Executive Officer

 
 

 

SPOUSAL CONSENT
 
I, ________________________________, spouse of ____________, have read and hereby approve the foregoing Agreement.  In consideration of the Company's granting my spouse the right to purchase the Shares as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby agree to be irrevocably bound by the Agreement and further agree that any community property or similar interest that I may have in the Shares shall be similarly bound by the Agreement.  I hereby appoint my spouse as my attorney-in-fact with respect to any amendment or exercise of any rights under the Agreement.
 
   
Spouse of ___________
 

OR

I hereby represent and warrant that I am unmarried as of the date of this Agreement.
 
   
_____________
 

 
 

 

Exhibit 23.1



Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm




ClearSign Combustion Corporation
12870 Interurban Avenue South
Seattle, Washington 98168


We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement of our report dated April 6, 2011, relating to the financial statements of ClearSign Combustion Corporation Corporation as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related statement of operations, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and for the period from inception (January 23, 2008) through December 31, 2010, which is contained in that Prospectus.  Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus.



Gumbiner Savett Inc.
Santa Monica, California
 
November 14, 2011