UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K
 
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): December 2, 2011 (December 1, 2011)

POWER REIT
PITTSBURGH & WEST VIRGINIA RAILROAD
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Maryland (Power REIT)
 
333-177802 (Power REIT)
 
45-3116572 (Power REIT)
Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad)
 
001-5447 (Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad)
 
25-6002536 (Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad)
(State or Other Jurisdiction
 
(Commission
 
(IRS Employer
of Incorporation)
 
File Number)
 
Identification No.)
 
55 Edison Avenue
West Babylon, NY  11704
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

(212) 750-0373
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

o
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

o
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

o
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

o
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
 
 

 
 
Introductory Note
 
This Current Report on Form 8-K is being filed to timely disclose events required to be disclosed on Form 8-K with respect to the consummation, on December 2, 2011 (the “Closing Date”), of the transactions contemplated by that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 1, 2011 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad, a Pennsylvania business trust (“PW”), Power REIT, a Maryland real estate investment trust and wholly owned subsidiary of PW (“Power REIT”), and Power REIT PA, LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Power REIT (“Power REIT PA”), and for the purpose of establishing Power REIT as the successor issuer to PW pursuant to Rule 12g-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
 
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, Power REIT PA merged with and into PW, with PW surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Power REIT (the “Reincorporation Merger”).  Holders of PW common shares received one newly issued common share, $0.001 par value per share, of Power REIT for each common share of PW they owned at the effective time of the Reincorporation Merger.  After the Closing Date, we expect that Power REIT’s shares will be listed for trading on the NYSE Amex under the symbol of “PW.”
 
ITEM 1.01 — ENTRY INTO DEFINITIVE MATERIAL AGREEMENT

On December 1, 2011, PW, Power REIT and Power REIT PA entered into a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”).  The Board of Trustees of each of PW and Power REIT has approved the merger of PW and Power REIT PA pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement and subject to all regulatory approvals required.  Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Power REIT PA will be merged with and into PW, with PW continuing as the surviving entity and becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of Power REIT (the “Reincorporation Merger”).  The Reincorporation Merger will not result in any immediate change to the business, policies, assets or liabilities of Power REIT.  Following the Reincorporation Merger, the principal executive offices of Power REIT will have the same address and telephone number as those of PW.
 
The description of the Merger Agreement contained herein does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is included herewith as Exhibit 2.1 and the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 2.01 COMPLETION OF ACQUISITION OR DISPOSITION OF ASSETS
 
On December 2, 2011, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Power REIT PA merged with and into PW, with PW surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Power REIT (the “Reincorporation Merger”).  Pursuant to the Reincorporation Merger, holders of PW common shares received one newly issued common share, $0.001 par value per share, of Power REIT for each common share of PW they own, without any action of shareholders required, and PW survived the Reincorporation Merger with Power REIT PA as the surviving entity and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Power REIT.  The law firm Leech Tishman Fuscaldo & Lampl LLC issued opinions dated December 2, 2011 regarding certain corporate and tax aspects of the Reincorporation Merger, copies of which are included herewith as Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1, respectively, and which are incorporated herein by reference.

 
 

 
 
ITEM 3.03 MATERIAL MODIFICATION TO RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
On November 30, 2011, Power REIT filed Articles of Amendment and Restatement to its Declaration of Trust (the “Amended Declaration”) with the State of Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation.  As of the Closing Date, former shareholders of PW have received common shares of Power REIT (the “Power REIT Shares”).  Power REIT will be governed by the Amended Declaration, a copy of which is included herewith as Exhibit 3.1 and is incorporated herein by reference, as well as Power REIT’s Bylaws and the applicable laws of the State of Maryland, including the Maryland REIT Law and the Maryland General Corporation Law.  The terms of the Power REIT Shares have been previously described under the “Description of Securities to Be Registered” and “Comparison of Shareholder Rights Under Pennsylvania and Maryland Law” sections of the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-177802) filed by Power REIT, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 5.03 AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OR BYLAWS; CHANGE IN FISCAL YEAR
 
On November 30, 2011, Power REIT filed Articles of Amendment and Restatement to its Declaration of Trust (the “Articles”) with the State of Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation.   A copy of the Articles is included herewith as Exhibit 3.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 8.01. OTHER EVENTS
 
On December 2, 2011, Power REIT and PW issued a joint press release announcing the consummation of the Reincorporation Merger.  A copy of the joint press release is included herewith as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 9.01. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS

(d) Exhibits
 
2.1*
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad, Power REIT and Power REIT PA, LLC, dated December 1, 2011.
     
3.1*
 
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Declaration of Trust of Power REIT, filed November 30, 2011.
     
3.2**
 
Bylaws of Power REIT.
     
5.1*
 
Legal Opinion of Leech Tishman Fuscaldo & Lampl LLC, dated December 2, 2011.
     
8.1*
  
Tax Opinion of Leech Tishman Fuscaldo & Lampl LLC, dated December 2, 2011.
     
99.1*
  
Joint Press Release, dated December 2, 2011.
 
*
Filed herewith
**
Previously filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on November 7, 2011 (Registration No. 333-177802).
 
 
 

 
 
SIGNATURE

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the undersigned registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized, on December 2, 2011.

 
POWER REIT
     
 
By:
/s/ David H. Lesser
 
Name:
David H. Lesser
 
Title:
CEO and Chairman of the Board
     
     
 
PITTSBURGH & WEST VIRGINIA RAILROAD
     
 
By:
/s/ David H. Lesser
 
Name:
David H. Lesser
 
Title:
CEO and Chairman of the Board


 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.
 
Description
2.1*
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad, Power REIT and Power REIT PA, LLC, dated December 1, 2011.
3.1*
 
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Declaration of Trust of Power REIT, filed November 30, 2011.
3.2**
 
Bylaws of Power REIT.
5.1*
 
Legal Opinion of Leech Tishman Fuscaldo & Lampl LLC, dated December 2, 2011.
8.1*
 
Tax Opinion of Leech Tishman Fuscaldo & Lampl LLC, dated December 2, 2011.
99.1*
  
Joint Press Release, dated December 2, 2011.
 
*
Filed herewith
**
Previously filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on November 7, 2011 (Registration No. 333-177802).
 
 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT 2.1
 
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
 
THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this “ Agreement ”) is entered into as of December 1, 2011, by and among Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad , a Pennsylvania business trust (“ PW ”), Power REIT , a Maryland real estate investment trust and a wholly owned subsidiary of PW (“ Power REIT ”), and Power REIT PA, LLC , a Pennsylvania limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Power REIT (“ Merger Sub ”).
 
RECITALS:
 
WHEREAS, the board of trustees of PW has determined that it is advisable and in the best interest of PW that PW reorganize into a real estate investment trust organized under the laws of the State of Maryland;
 
WHEREAS, PW wishes to effectuate the contemplated change in entity type by merging with and into Merger Sub, with PW surviving the merger, and shares of beneficial interest of Power REIT being issued to the former shareholders of PW in exchange for the shares of beneficial interest of PW (the “ Merger ”);
 
WHEREAS, the parties hereto have determined that the Merger, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, is advisable and in their respective best interests;
 
WHEREAS, the board of trustees of each of PW and Power REIT and the sole member of Merger Sub have approved and adopted this Agreement; and
 
WHEREAS, the Merger is intended to qualify for tax-free treatment under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”).
 
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth, the parties, each intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:
 
1.           THE MERGER
 
1.1.           The Merger
 
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereof, and in accordance with the provisions of the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law (the “ PBCL ”) and the applicable provisions of the Maryland REIT Law, PW shall be merged with and into Merger Sub at the Effective Time (as defined below).  As a result of the Merger, the separate existence of Merger Sub shall cease, and PW shall continue as the surviving entity of the Merger (the “ Surviving Trust ”) as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Power REIT.  The Merger will have the effects set forth in the PBCL and the Maryland REIT Law.  The Surviving Trust shall continue its existence as a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
 
1.2.           Closing; Effective Time
 
(a)           The closing of the Merger (the “ Closing ”) shall take place on the earliest practicable business day following the satisfaction or due waiver of the conditions set forth in Article 3 of this Agreement or such other date as may be mutually agreeable to the parties hereto.
 
(b)           The parties shall cause the Merger to be consummated by filing a Certificate of Merger in appropriate form with the Office of the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in accordance with applicable provisions of the PBCL (the “ Merger Certificate ”). The Merger shall become effective on the time and date specified in the Merger Certificate (the “ Effective Time ”).

 
 

 
 
1.3.           Constituent Documents
 
(a)           The Declaration of Trust of PW in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the Declaration of Trust of the Surviving Trust (subject to any subsequent amendment or restatement thereof).
 
(b)           The Regulations of PW in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the Regulations of the Surviving Trust (subject to any subsequent amendment or restatement thereof).
 
1.4.           Directors and Officers
 
The trustees and officers of PW holding office immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be deemed to be and shall become the trustees and officers of the Surviving Trust from and after the Effective Time to hold office for the remainder of their terms in effect at the Effective Time until their successors are duly elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal.
 
1.5.           Succession to Rights and Liabilities
 
At the Effective Time, the Surviving Trust shall succeed, without other transfer, to all of the purposes, rights, privileges and powers and shall possess all assets and property (real, personal, and mixed) of PW and Merger Sub, and the Surviving Trust shall become subject to and responsible for all debts and obligations of PW and Merger Sub in the same manner as if the Surviving Trust has itself incurred such debts and obligations.
 
2.              EFFECTS OF THE MERGER ON EQUITY INTERESTS
 
2.1.           Manner of Conversion of Equity Interests
 
(a)           As of the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holders of any shares of beneficial interest of PW (the “ Public Shareholders ”), the holders of any shares of beneficial interest of Power REIT or the holders of any membership interests in Merger Sub, the following shall occur:
 
(i)           Each common share of beneficial interest, no par value, of PW (the “ PW Shares ”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically converted into one newly issued common share of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share, of Power REIT (the “ Power REIT Shares ”).
 
(ii)           Each membership interest of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically converted into and become one fully paid and nonassessable common share of beneficial interest the Surviving Trust, and such shares of beneficial interest of the Surviving Trust shall be wholly owned by Power REIT.
 
From and after the Effective Time and upon the conversions described in this Section 2.1(a) , the PW Shares shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and cease to exist, and each certificate formerly representing PW Shares shall thereafter represent the Power REIT Shares into which such PW Shares were converted at the Effective Time.
 
(b)           At the Effective Time, all equity interests of PW that are not outstanding and are held by PW or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates as treasury stock or otherwise shall be canceled and shall cease to exist and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor.
 
(c)           At the Effective Time, all equity interests of Power REIT that are owned by PW or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates shall be canceled and shall cease to exist and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor.
 
2.2.           Dissenters’ Rights
 
The Public Shareholders shall not have any dissenters’ or appraisal rights in connection with the Merger.
 
2.3.           Taxation
 
It is intended that the Merger shall qualify as a tax free reorganization under Section 368 of the Code.

 
 

 
 
3.              CONDITIONS TO CLOSING; TERMINATION AND ABANDONMENT
 
3.1           Conditions to Obligations of the Parties to Effect the Merger
 
The respective obligations of the parties to effect the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the fulfillment, at or before the Closing, of the following conditions (unless such conditions are waived in writing by the parties):
 
(a)           The board of trustees of PW and Power REIT shall be satisfied in its sole discretion with the results of its legal, financial and business due diligence investigation relating to the Merger, all of which shall be final and completed to the satisfaction of the board of trustees of PW and Power REIT before the Closing.
 
 (b)           No action or proceeding by or before any governmental authority shall have been instituted that is reasonably expected to (i) restrain, prohibit or render unlawful the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated herein, (ii) require rescission of this Agreement or any of such transactions after the Closing, or (iii) adversely affect the right of the Surviving Trust to own its assets and to operate its business; nor shall there be issued any injunction or order of any nature by a governmental authority directing that the Merger and the other transactions contemplated herein not be consummated as so provided. No substantive legal objection to the Merger and the other transactions contemplated herein shall have been received from or threatened by any governmental authority.
 
3.2           Termination and Abandonment by the Parties
 
The parties hereto shall have the right to terminate this Agreement and abandon the Merger at any time before the Closing and filing of the Merger Certificate for any reason, including without limitation, if the conditions to closing set forth in Section 3.1 have not been satisfied.
 
3.3           Effect of Termination and Abandonment
 
Upon the termination of this Agreement and abandonment of the Merger pursuant to Section 3.2 hereof, this Agreement shall become void and shall have no further force or effect, and no party or the officers, directors and agents thereof, or any third party shall have any liability to the other or to any third party, whether in contract or tort, law or equity, in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger or as a result of the termination of this Agreement. No party shall be responsible for or have any obligation to indemnify, defend or hold harmless the other party or any other person for special, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages.
 
4.              MISCELLANEOUS
 
4.1.           Further Assurances
 
In connection with this Agreement and the Merger and other transactions contemplated hereby, each party shall execute and deliver any additional documents and instruments and perform any additional acts that may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate and perform the provisions of this Agreement and those transactions.
 
4.2.           Amendment
 
This Agreement may be amended at any time prior to the Effective Time by the boards of directors/trustees of the parties hereto; provided that after the adoption of this Agreement by the shareholders of any constituent corporation no amendment shall be made which by law requires the further approval of such shareholders without such further approval; and provided further that no amendment shall be made except by an instrument or instruments in writing signed and delivered on behalf of each of the parties hereto.
 
4.3.           Assignment and Binding Effect
 
This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other parties hereto. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors, heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives and assigns.

 
 

 
 
4.4.           Entire Agreement; Beneficiaries
 
This Agreement (including the exhibits attached hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and is not intended to confer upon any person other than the parties hereto any rights or remedies.
 
4.5.           Waiver
 
No delay or failure on the part of any party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege under this Agreement shall impair any such right, power or privilege or be construed as a waiver of any default or any acquiescence therein. No single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege shall preclude the further exercise of such right, power or privilege, or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. No waiver shall be valid against any party hereto unless made in writing and signed by the party against whom enforcement of such waiver is sought and then only to the extent expressly specified therein.
 
4.6.           Severability
 
If any part of any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such part shall be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity or unenforceability only, without in any way affecting the remaining parts of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
 
4.7.           Counterparts
 
This Agreement may be executed in as many counterparts as may be required. It shall not be necessary that the signatures of, or on behalf of, each party, or that the signatures of all persons required to bind any party, appear on each counterpart; but it shall be sufficient that the signature of, or on behalf of, each party, or that the signatures of the persons required to bind any party, appear on one or more of the counterparts. All counterparts shall collectively constitute a single agreement.
 
4.8.           Governing Law
 
This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted, construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, excluding any conflicts of law rule or principal that would refer the governance or the interpretation, construction or enforcement of any provision this Agreement to the laws of another jurisdiction.
 
[Signature page follows]

 
 

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement and Plan of Merger, or have caused this Agreement to be duly executed on their behalf, as of the day and year first above written.

PITTSBURGH & WEST VIRGINIA RAILROAD
a Pennsylvania business trust
   
By:
 
/s/ David H. Lesser
Name:
 
David H. Lesser
Title:
 
CEO & Chairman of the Board
 
POWER REIT
a Maryland real estate investment trust
   
By:
 
/s/ David H. Lesser
Name:
 
David H. Lesser
Title:
 
CEO & Chairman of the Board
 
POWER REIT PA, LLC
a Pennsylvania limited liability company
   
By:
 
/s/ David H. Lesser
Name:
 
David H. Lesser
Title:
 
Authorized Person
 
 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT 3.1

POWER REIT

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

FIRST :                      Power REIT, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “Trust”) under the Maryland REIT Law, desires to amend and restate its Declaration of Trust (as so amended and restated, the “Declaration of Trust”). The amendment to and restatement of the Declaration of Trust of the Trust as herein set forth has been duly approved and advised by the Board of Trustees and approved by the shareholders of the Trust as required by law.

SECOND :                      The following provisions are all the provisions of the Declaration of Trust as hereby amended and restated:

ARTICLE I
FORMATION

The Trust is a real estate investment trust within the meaning of the Maryland REIT Law. The Trust shall not be deemed to be a general partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, joint stock company or a corporation (but nothing herein shall preclude the Trust from being treated for tax purposes as an association under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)).

ARTICLE II
NAME

The name of the Trust is: Power REIT.

The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board of Trustees” or “Board”) may change the name of the Trust without approval of the shareholders. Under circumstances in which the Board determines that the use of the name of the Trust is not practicable, the Trust may use any other designation or name for the Trust.

ARTICLE III
PURPOSES AND POWERS

3.1            Purposes . The purposes for which the Trust is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity, including, without limitation or obligation, to invest in and to acquire, hold, manage, administer, control and dispose of property (including mortgages) including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Code.

3.2            Powers . The Trust shall have all of the powers granted to real estate investment trusts by the Maryland REIT Law and all other powers set forth in the Declaration of Trust that are not inconsistent with law and are appropriate to promote and attain the purposes set forth in the Declaration of Trust.

ARTICLE IV
PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN STATE AND RESIDENT AGENT

The name of the resident agent of the Trust in the State of Maryland is The Corporation Trust Incorporated, 300 East Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The resident agent is a Maryland corporation. The Trust may have such offices or places of business within or outside the State of Maryland as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine.

 
 

 

ARTICLE V
BOARD OF TRUSTEES

5.1            Powers . Subject to any express limitations contained in the Declaration of Trust or in the Bylaws, (a) the business and affairs of the Trust shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Trustees and (b) the Board shall have full, exclusive and absolute power, control and authority over any and all property of the Trust. The Board may take any action as in its sole judgment and discretion is necessary or appropriate to conduct the business and affairs of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust shall be construed with the presumption in favor of the grant of power and authority to the Board. Any construction of the Declaration of Trust or determination made in good faith by the Board concerning its powers and authority hereunder shall be conclusive. The enumeration and definition of particular powers of the Trustees included in the Declaration of Trust or in the Bylaws of the Trust (the “Bylaws”) shall in no way be limited or restricted by reference to or inference from the terms of this or any other provision of the Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws or construed or deemed by inference or otherwise in any manner to exclude or limit the powers conferred upon the Board or the Trustees under the general laws of the State of Maryland or any other applicable laws.

If the Board determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Trust to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board may revoke or otherwise terminate the Trust’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code.

The Board, without any action by the shareholders of the Trust, shall have and may exercise, on behalf of the Trust, without limitation, the power to determine that compliance with any restriction or limitations on ownership and transfers of shares of the Trust’s beneficial interest set forth in Article VII of the Declaration of Trust is no longer required in order for the Trust to qualify as a REIT; to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws; to elect officers in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws; to solicit proxies from holders of shares of beneficial interest of the Trust; and to do any other acts and deliver any other documents necessary or appropriate to the foregoing powers.

5.2            Number and Classification . The number of Trustees (hereinafter the “Trustees”) is currently four (4), but such number may hereafter be increased or decreased pursuant to the Bylaws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if for any reason any or all of the Trustees cease to be Trustees, such event shall not terminate the Trust or affect the Declaration of Trust or the powers of the remaining Trustees. The names of the current four Trustees are:

David H. Lesser
Virgil E. Wenger
William S. Susman
Patrick R. Haynes, III

The Trustees may increase the number of Trustees and fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of Trustees or otherwise, on the Board of Trustees in the manner provided in the Bylaws. Election of Trustees by shareholders shall require the vote and be in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Bylaws.  Until any vacancies, whether resulting from an increase in the number of Trustees or otherwise, are filled, the remaining Trustees shall be empowered to exercise all powers granted all Trustees hereunder.

It shall not be necessary to list in the Declaration of Trust the names and addresses of any Trustees hereinafter elected.

Each Trustee shall be elected annually and shall serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies.

5.3            Resignation, Removal or Death . Any Trustee may resign by written notice to the Board, effective upon execution and delivery to the Trust of such written notice or upon any future date specified in the notice. A Trustee may be removed at any time, but only for cause (as defined in the next paragraph), at a meeting of Trustees by a majority vote of the remaining Trustees or by the shareholders, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the Shares then outstanding and entitled to vote generally in the election of Trustees.

 
 

 

“Cause” for removal shall exist only if the Trustee whose removal is proposed has been convicted of a felony by a court of competent jurisdiction or if the Trustee has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his or her duty to the Trust in a matter of substantial importance to the Trust.

5.4            Determinations by Board .  The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Trustees consistent with the Declaration of Trust, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Trust and every holder of Shares, as hereinafter defined:  the amount of the net income of the Trust for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of Shares or the payment of other distributions on Shares; the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other cash flow, funds from operations, net profit, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of Shares; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Trust or of any Shares; the number of Shares of any class of the Trust; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Trust; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Trust or required or permitted by applicable law, the Declaration of Trust or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Trustees.

ARTICLE VI
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

6.1            Authorized Shares . The beneficial interest of the Trust shall be divided into shares of beneficial interest (the “Shares”). The Trust has authority to issue 100,000,000 Shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share.  If shares of one class are classified or reclassified into shares of another class of shares pursuant to this Article VI, the number of authorized shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of Shares of all classes that the Trust has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of Shares set forth in the second sentence of this paragraph.  The Board of Trustees, with the approval of a majority of the entire Board and without any action by the shareholders of the Trust, may amend the Declaration of Trust from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of Shares or the number of Shares of any class or series that the Trust has authority to issue, create a new class or series of Shares and may grant rights to holders of equity interests in entities controlled by the Trust to vote on matters to be voted upon by the Shareholders of Trust, either as a separate class or with the Shareholders and on any such basis as the Board shall determine.

6.2            Shares . Subject to the provisions of Article VII and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of Shares, each Share shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote on each matter upon which holders of Shares are entitled to vote. The Board of Trustees may reclassify any unissued Shares from time to time in one or more classes or series of common shares or preferred shares.

6.3            Classified or Reclassified Shares . Prior to issuance of classified or reclassified Shares of any class or series, the Board of Trustees by resolution shall, without approval of any shareholder: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of Shares; (b) specify the number of Shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set, subject to the provisions of Article VII and subject to the express terms of any class or series of Shares outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Trust to file articles supplementary with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation (the “SDAT”). Any of the terms of any class or series of Shares set pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 6.3 may be made dependent upon facts ascertainable outside the Declaration of Trust (including the occurrence of any event, including a determination or action by the Trust or any other person or body) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of Shares is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary filed with the SDAT.

 
 

 

6.4            Authorization by Board of Share Issuance . The Board of Trustees may authorize, without approval of any shareholder, the issuance from time to time of Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration (whether in cash, property, past or future services, obligation for future payment or otherwise) as the Board of Trustees may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a share dividend or share split), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws.  The Board of Trustees may increase, without approval of any shareholder, the number of authorized Shares set forth in Section 6.1 hereof.

6.5            Dividends and Distributions . The Board of Trustees may from time to time authorize and the Trust may declare to shareholders such dividends or distributions as the Board of Trustees in its discretion shall determine. The Board of Trustees shall endeavor to authorize, and the Trust shall endeavor to declare and pay, such dividends and distributions as shall be necessary for the Trust to qualify as a REIT under the Code; however, shareholders shall have no right to any dividend or distribution unless and until authorized by the Board and declared and publicly disclosed by the Trust. The exercise of the powers and rights of the Board of Trustees pursuant to this Section 6.6 shall be subject to the preferences of any class or series of Shares at the time outstanding.

6.6            Transferable Shares; Preferential Dividends . Notwithstanding any other provision in the Declaration of Trust, no determination shall be made by the Board of Trustees nor shall any transaction be entered into by the Trust that would cause any Shares or other beneficial interest in the Trust not to constitute “transferable shares” or “transferable certificates of beneficial interest” under Section 856(a)(2) of the Code or that would cause any distribution to constitute a preferential dividend as described in Section 562(c) of the Code.

6.7            General Nature of Shares . All Shares shall be personal property entitling the shareholders only to those rights provided in the Declaration of Trust. The shareholders shall have no interest in the property of the Trust and shall have no right to compel any partition, division, dividend or distribution of the Trust or of the property of the Trust. The death of a shareholder shall not terminate the Trust. The Trust is entitled to treat as shareholders only those persons in whose names Shares are registered as holders of Shares on the share ledger of the Trust.

6.8            Fractional Shares . The Trust may, without the consent or approval of any shareholder, issue fractional Shares, eliminate a fraction of a Share by rounding up or down to a full Share, arrange for the disposition of a fraction of a Share by the person entitled to it, or pay cash for the fair value of a fraction of a Share.

6.9            Divisions and Combinations of Shares . Subject to an express provision to the contrary in the terms of any class or series of beneficial interest hereafter authorized, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to divide or combine the outstanding shares of any class or series of beneficial interest, without a vote of shareholders so long as the number of shares combined into one share in any such combination or series of combinations within any period of twelve months is not greater than ten.

6.10          Declaration of Trust and Bylaws . The rights of all shareholders and the terms of all Shares are subject to the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and the Bylaws.

ARTICLE VII
RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

7.1            Definitions . For the purpose of this Article VII, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

Beneficial Ownership . The term “Beneficial Ownership” shall mean ownership of Shares by a Person, whether the interest in Shares is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Sections 856(h)(1)(B) and 856(h)(3) of the Code. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

 
 

 

Business Day . The term “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

Charitable Beneficiary . The term “Charitable Beneficiary” shall mean one or more beneficiaries of the Charitable Trust as determined pursuant to Section 7.3.7, provided that each such organization must be described in Sections 501(c)(3), 170(b)(1)(A) and 170(c)(2) of the Code.

Charitable Trust . The term “Charitable Trust” shall mean any trust provided for in Section 7.2.1(b)(i) and Section 7.3.1.

Charitable Trustee . The term “Charitable Trustee” shall mean the Person unaffiliated with the Trust and a Prohibited Owner, that is appointed by the Trust to serve as trustee of the Charitable Trust.

Constructive Ownership. The term “Constructive Ownership” shall mean ownership of Shares by a Person who is or would be treated as an owner of such Shares either actually or constructively through the application of Section 318 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Own,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

Designated Investment Entity . The term “Designated Investment Entity” shall mean either (i) a pension trust that qualifies for look-through treatment under Section 856(h) of the Code, (ii) an entity that qualifies as a regulated investment company under Section 851 of the Code, or (iii) a Qualified Investment Manager; provided that each beneficial owner of such entity would satisfy the Ownership Limit if such beneficial owner owned directly its proportionate share of the Shares that are held by such Designated Investment Entity.

Designated Investment Entity Limit . The term “Designated Investment Entity Limit” shall mean with respect to the Shares, 9.9% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding Shares.

Initial Date . The term “Initial Date” shall mean the effective date of the Reincorporation Merger.

Market Price . The term “Market Price” on any date shall mean, with respect to any class or series of outstanding Shares, the Closing Price for such Shares on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date shall mean the last sale price for such Shares, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such Shares, in either case, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such Shares are listed or admitted to trading or, if such Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System or, if such system is no longer in use, the principal other automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if such Shares are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such Shares selected by the Board of Trustees or, in the event that no trading price is available for such Shares, the fair market value of Shares, as determined in good faith by the Board of Trustees.

NYSE Amex . The term “NYSE Amex” shall mean The New York Stock Exchange Amex.

Ownership Limit . The term “Ownership Limit” shall mean with respect to the Shares, 9.9% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding Shares.

 
 

 

Person . The term “Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity and also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Prohibited Owner . The term “Prohibited Owner” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer, any Person who, but for the provisions of Section 7.2.1, would Beneficially Own Shares, and if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who would have been the record owner of Shares that the Prohibited Owner would have so owned.

Qualified Investment Manager . The term “Qualified Investment Manager” shall mean an entity (i) who for compensation engages in the business of advising others as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities; (ii) who purchases securities in the ordinary course of its business and not with the purpose or effect of changing or influencing control of the Trust, nor in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having such purpose or effect, including any transaction subject to Rule 13d-3(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”); and (iii) who has or shares voting power and investment power within the meaning of Rule 13d-3(a) under the Exchange Act. A Qualified Investment Manager shall be deemed to beneficially own all Shares beneficially owned by each of its affiliates, after application of the beneficial ownership rules under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act; provided such affiliate meets the requirements set forth in the preceding clause (ii).

Reincorporation Merger .  The term “Reincorporation Merger” shall mean the merger of Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad, a Pennsylvania business trust, with Power REIT PA, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Trust, whereby Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad will survive the merger.

Restriction Termination Date . The term “Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the first day after the Initial Date on which the Board of Trustees determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Trust to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on Beneficial Ownership and Transfers of Shares set forth herein is no longer required in order for the Trust to qualify as a REIT.

Transfer . The term “Transfer” shall mean any issuance, sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event that causes any Person to acquire Beneficial Ownership or any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events, of Shares or the right to vote or receive dividends or distributions on Shares, including (a) a change in the capital structure of the Trust, (b) a change in the relationship between two or more Persons which causes a change in ownership of Shares by application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h) of the Code, (c) the granting or exercise of any option or warrant (or any disposition of any option or warrant), pledge, security interest, or similar right to acquire Shares, (d) any disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Shares or any interest in Shares or any exercise of any such conversion or exchange right and (e) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in changes in Beneficial Ownership of Shares; in each case, whether voluntary or involuntary, whether owned of record, Beneficially Owned and whether by operation of law or otherwise. The terms “Transferring” and “Transferred” shall have the correlative meanings.

7.2            Shares .

7.2.1         Ownership Limitations . During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:

(a)            Basic Restrictions .

(i)           No Person shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit, other than a Designated Investment Entity, which shall not Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Designated Investment Entity Limit; and

(ii)           No Person shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares to the extent that (1) such Beneficial Ownership of Shares would result in the Trust being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year), or (2) such Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares would result in the Trust otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT.

 
 

 

(iii)           No Person shall Transfer any Shares if, as a result of the Transfer, the Shares would be beneficially owned by less than 100 Persons (determined without reference to the rules of attribution under Section 544 of the Code). Any Transfer of Shares that, if effective, would result in Shares being beneficially owned by less than 100 Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

(b)            Transfer in Trust . If any Transfer of Shares occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning Shares in violation of Section 7.2.1(a)(i) or (ii),

(i)           then that number of Shares the Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of which otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a)(i) or (ii) (rounded up to the nearest whole Share) shall be automatically transferred to a Charitable Trust for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in Section 7.3, effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer, and such Person shall acquire no rights in such Shares; or

(ii)           if the transfer to the Charitable Trust described in clause (i) of this sentence would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section 7.2.1(a)(i) or (ii), then the Transfer of that number of Shares that otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a)(i) or (ii) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

7.2.2         Remedies for Breach . If the Board of Trustees or any duly authorized committee thereof shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 7.2.1 or that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial Ownership of any Shares in violation of Section 7.2.1 (whether or not such violation is intended), the Board of Trustees or a committee thereof shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or other event, including, without limitation, causing the Trust to redeem Shares, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Trust or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided , however , that any Transfer or attempted Transfer or other event in violation of Section 7.2.1 shall automatically result in the transfer to the Charitable Trust described above, and, where applicable, such Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab initio as provided above irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Trustees or a committee thereof.

7.2.3         Notice of Restricted Transfer . Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares that will or may violate Section 7.2.1(a), or any Person who would have owned Shares that resulted in a transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.2.1(b), shall immediately give written notice to the Trust of such event, or in the case of such a proposed or attempted transaction, shall give at least 15 days prior written notice, and shall provide to the Trust such other information as the Trust may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such acquisition or ownership on the Trust’s status as a REIT.

7.2.4         Owners Required To Provide Information . From the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:

(a)           every owner of more than two (2) percent (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of the outstanding Shares, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the Trust stating the name and address of such owner, the number of Shares Beneficially Owned and a description of the manner in which such Shares are held; provided, that a shareholder of record who holds outstanding Shares as nominee for another Person, which other Person is required to include in gross income the dividends or distributions received on such Shares (an “Actual Owner”), shall give written notice to the Trust stating the name and address of such Actual Owner and the number of Shares of such Actual Owner with respect to which the shareholder of record is nominee. Each owner shall provide to the Trust such additional information as the Trust may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Trust’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit applicable to such owner; and

 
 

 
(b)            each Person who is a Beneficial Owner of Shares and each Person (including the shareholder of record) who is holding Shares for a Beneficial Owner shall provide to the Trust such information as the Trust may request, in good faith, in order to determine the Trust’s status as a REIT and to comply with requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.
 
7.2.5          Remedies Not Limited . Subject to Sections 5.1 and 7.4 of the Declaration of Trust, nothing contained in this Section 7.2 shall limit the authority of the Board of Trustees to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Trust and the interests of its shareholders in preserving the Trust’s status as a REIT.
 
7.2.6          Ambiguity . In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 7.2, Section 7.3 or any definition contained in Section 7.1, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to determine the application of the provisions of this Section 7.2 or Section 7.3 with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it. If Section 7.2 or 7.3 requires an action by the Board of Trustees and the Declaration of Trust fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of Sections 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3.
 
7.2.7          Exemptions from the Ownership Limit .
 
(a)            The Board, in its sole discretion, may exempt, prospectively or retroactively, a Person from the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit if: (i) such Person submits to the Board information satisfactory to the Board, in its reasonable discretion, demonstrating that such Person is not an individual for purposes of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code (determined taking into account Section 856(h)(3)(A) of the Code); (ii) such Person submits to the Board information satisfactory to the Board, in its reasonable discretion, demonstrating that no Person who is an individual for purposes of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code (determined taking into account Section 856(h)(3)(A) of the Code) would be considered to Beneficially Own Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit by reason of such Person’s ownership of Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit pursuant to the exemption granted under this subparagraph (a); (iii) such Person submits to the Board information satisfactory to the Board, in its reasonable discretion, demonstrating that clause (2) of subparagraph (a)(ii) of Section 7.2.1 will not be violated by reason of such Person’s ownership of Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit pursuant to the exemption granted under this subparagraph (a); and (iv) such Person provides to the Board such representations and undertakings, if any, as the Board may, in its reasonable discretion, require to ensure that the conditions in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) hereof are satisfied and will continue to be satisfied throughout the period during which such Person owns Shares in excess of the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit pursuant to any exemption thereto granted under this subparagraph (a), and such Person agrees that any violation of such representations and undertakings or any attempted violation thereof will result in the application of the remedies set forth in Section 7.2 with respect to Shares held in excess of the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit with respect to such Person (determined without regard to the exemption granted such Person under this subparagraph (a)).
 
(b)            Prior to granting any exemption pursuant to subparagraph (a), the Board, in its sole and absolute discretion, may require a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board, in its sole and absolute discretion as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Trust’s status as a REIT; provided , however , that the Board shall not be obligated to require obtaining a favorable ruling or opinion in order to grant an exception hereunder.
 
(c)            Subject to Section 7.2.1(a)(ii), an underwriter that participates in a public offering or a private placement of Shares (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) in excess of the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit, but only to the extent necessary to facilitate such public offering or private placement.
 
7.2.8          Increase in Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit . The Board of Trustees may increase the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit for one or more Persons and decrease the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Ownership Limit for all other Persons subject to the limitations provided in this Section 7.2.8.
 
 
 

 
 
(a)            The decreased Ownership Limit and/or Designated Investment Entity Ownership Limit will not be effective for any Person whose percentage ownership of Shares is in excess of such decreased Ownership Limit and/or Designated Investment Entity Ownership Limit until such time as such Person’s percentage of Shares equals or falls below the decreased Ownership Limit and/or Designated Investment Entity Ownership Limit, but any further acquisition of Shares in excess of such percentage ownership of Shares will be in violation of the Ownership Limit and/or Designated Investment Entity Ownership Limit.
 
(b)            The Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit may not be increased if, after giving effect to such increase, five Persons who are considered individuals pursuant to Section 542 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(3) of the Code, could Beneficially Own, in the aggregate, more than 49% of the value of the outstanding Shares.
 
(c)            Prior to the modification of the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit pursuant to this Section 7.2.8, the Board, in its sole and absolute discretion, may require such opinions of counsel, affidavits, undertakings or agreements as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Trust’s status as a REIT if the modification in the Ownership Limit or Designated Investment Entity Limit were to be made.
 
7.2.9          Legend . Each certificate for Shares shall bear substantially the following legend:
 
The shares evidenced by this certificate are subject to restrictions on Beneficial Ownership, Constructive Ownership and Transfer. Subject to certain further restrictions and except as expressly provided in the Trust’s Declaration of Trust, no Person may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of 9.9% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding Shares, other than a Designated Investment Entity; (ii)  no Designated Investment Entity may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of 9.9% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding Shares; (iii) no Person may Beneficially Own Shares that would result in the Trust being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) or otherwise cause the Trust to fail to qualify as a real estate investment trust under the Code; and (v) no Person may Transfer Shares if such Transfer would result in Shares of the Trust being owned by fewer than 100 Persons. Any Person who Beneficially Owns or Constructively Owns or attempts to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares which cause or will cause a Person to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess or in violation of the limitations set forth in the Declaration of Trust must immediately notify the Trust. If any of the restrictions on transfer or ownership are violated, the Shares evidenced hereby will be automatically transferred to a Charitable Trustee of a Charitable Trust for the benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. In addition, the Trust may redeem Shares upon the terms and conditions specified by the Board of Trustees in its sole discretion if the Board of Trustees determines that ownership or a Transfer or other event may violate the restrictions described above.  Furthermore, upon the occurrence of certain events, attempted Transfers in violation of the restrictions described above may be void ab initio . A Person who attempts to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in violation of the ownership limitations described above shall have no claim, cause of action, or any recourse whatsoever against a transferor of such Shares. All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings defined in the Declaration of Trust, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of Shares on request and without charge.
 
Instead of the foregoing legend, the certificate may state that the Trust will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a shareholder on request and without charge.
 
7.3             Transfer of Shares in Trust .
 
7.3.1          Ownership in Trust . Upon any purported Transfer or other event described in Section 7.2.1(b) that would result in a transfer of Shares to a Charitable Trust, such Shares shall be deemed to have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee as trustee of a Charitable Trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. Such transfer to the Charitable Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the purported Transfer or other event that results in the transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 7.2.1(b). The Charitable Trustee shall be appointed by the Trust and shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Trust and any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable Beneficiary shall be designated by the Trust as provided in Section 7.3.7.
 
 
 

 
 
7.3.2          Status of Shares Held by the Charitable Trustee . Shares held by the Charitable Trustee shall be issued and outstanding Shares of the Trust. The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the Shares held by the Charitable Trustee. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any Shares held in trust by the Charitable Trustee, shall have no rights to dividends or other distributions and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the Shares held in the Charitable Trust. The Prohibited Owner shall have no claim, cause of action, or any other recourse whatsoever against the purported transferor of such Shares.
 
7.3.3          Dividend and Voting Rights . The Charitable Trustee shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to Shares held in the Charitable Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Trust that Shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be paid with respect to such Shares to the Charitable Trustee upon demand by Prohibited Owner and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Charitable Trustee. Any dividends or distributions so paid over to the Charitable Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to Shares held in the Charitable Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that Shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee, the Charitable Trustee shall have the authority (at the Charitable Trustee’s sole discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Trust that Shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Charitable Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided , however , that if the Trust has already taken irreversible action, then the Charitable Trustee shall not have the power to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article VII, until the Trust has received notification that Shares have been transferred into a Charitable Trust, the Trust shall be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other shareholder records for purposes of preparing lists of shareholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes of shareholders.
 
7.3.4          Rights Upon Liquidation . Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of or any distribution of the assets of the Trust, the Charitable Trustee shall be entitled to receive, ratably with each other holder of Shares of the class or series of Shares that is held in the Charitable Trust, that portion of the assets of the Trust available for distribution to the holders of such class or series (determined based upon the ratio that the number of Shares or such class or series of Shares held by the Charitable Trustee bears to the total number of Shares of such class or series of Shares then outstanding). The Charitable Trustee shall distribute any such assets received in respect of the Shares held in the Charitable Trust in any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of, or distribution of the assets of the Trust, in accordance with Section 7.3.5.
 
7.3.5          Sale of Shares by Charitable Trustee . Within 20 days of receiving notice from the Trust that Shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trust, the Charitable Trustee of the Charitable Trust shall sell the Shares held in the Charitable Trust to a person, designated by the Charitable Trustee, whose ownership of the Shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in Section 7.2.1(a). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 7.3.5. The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the Shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the Shares in connection with the event causing the Shares to be held in the Charitable Trust ( e.g. , in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price of the Shares on the day of the event causing the Shares to be held in the Charitable Trust and (2) the price per share received by the Charitable Trustee from the sale or other disposition of the Shares held in the Charitable Trust. The Charitable Trust may deduct any expenses incurred, including without limitation legal expenses, from the sales proceeds payable to the Prohibited Owner. Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Trust that Shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee, such Shares are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such Shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Charitable Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such Shares that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this Section 7.3.5, such excess shall be paid to the Charitable Trustee upon demand by Prohibited Owner. The Charitable Trustee shall have the right and power (but not the obligation) to offer any Share held in trust for sale to the Trust on such terms and conditions as the Charitable Trustee shall deem appropriate.
 
 
 

 
 
7.3.6          Purchase Right in Shares Transferred to the Charitable Trustee . Shares transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Trust, or its designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the Charitable Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price on the date the Trust, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Trust shall have the right to accept such offer until the Charitable Trustee has sold the Shares held in the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 7.3.5. Upon such a sale to the Trust, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner.
 
7.3.7          Designation of Charitable Beneficiaries . By written notice to the Charitable Trustee, the Trust shall designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Charitable Trust such that (i) Shares held in the Charitable Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 7.2.1(a) in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (ii) each such organization must be described in Sections 501(c)(3), 170(b)(1)(A) or 170(c)(2) of the Code.
 
7.4             Transactions on Exchange . Nothing in this Article VII shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE Amex or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of any transaction takes place shall not negate the effect of any other provision of this Article VII and any transferee in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in this Article VII.
 
7.5             Enforcement . The Trust is authorized specifically to seek equitable relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of this Article VII.
 
7.6             Non-Waiver . No delay or failure on the part of the Trust or the Board of Trustees in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the Trust or the Board of Trustees, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived in writing.
 
ARTICLE VIII
SHAREHOLDERS
 
8.1             Meetings . There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders, to be held on proper notice at such time (after the delivery of the annual report) and convenient location as shall be determined by or in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws, for the election of the Trustees, and for the transaction of any other business within the powers of the Trust. Except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust, special meetings of shareholders may be called in the manner provided in the Bylaws. If there are no Trustees, the officers of the Trust shall promptly call a special meeting of the shareholders entitled to vote for the election of successor Trustees. Any meeting may be adjourned and reconvened as the Trustees determine or as provided in the Bylaws.
 
8.2             Voting Rights . Subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares then outstanding or as otherwise required by law, the shareholders shall be entitled to vote only on the following matters: (a) election of Trustees as provided in Section 5.2 and the removal of Trustees as provided in Section 5.3; (b) amendment of the Declaration of Trust as provided in Article X; (c) termination of the Trust as provided in Section 12.2; (d) merger or consolidation of the Trust, or the sale or disposition of substantially all of the property of the Trust, as provided in Article XI; (e) such other matters with respect to which the Board of Trustees has adopted a resolution declaring that a proposed action is advisable and directing that the matter be submitted to the shareholders for approval or ratification; and (f) such other matters as may be properly brought before a meeting by a shareholder pursuant to the Bylaws. With the exception of election and removal of Trustees in accordance with the Declaration and the Bylaws of the Trust and any matter as may be properly brought before a shareholder pursuant to the Bylaws, no action that would bind the Trust and the Trustees may be taken without the prior recommendation of the Trustees. Except with respect to the matters described in clauses (a) through (e) above, no action taken by the shareholders at any meeting shall in any way bind the Board of Trustees.
 
 
 

 
 
8.3             Preemptive and Appraisal Rights . Except as may be provided by the Board of Trustees in setting the terms of classified or reclassified Shares pursuant to Section 6.4, or as may otherwise be provided by contract approved by the Board of Trustees, no holder of Shares shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional Shares or any other security of the Trust which it may issue or sell.  Holders of Shares shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting shareholder provided for under Maryland law, including, without limitation, the Maryland REIT Law and Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Maryland General Corporation Law or any successor statute.  Shareholders of the Trust are not entitled to exercise cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees.
 
8.4             Actions by Shareholders .  Except as specifically provided in Section 5.3 (relating to removal of Trustees) and in Article X, notwithstanding any provision of law requiring any action to be taken or authorized by the affirmative vote of the holders of a greater number of votes, an act authorized by the vote of the holders of a majority of Shares present in person or by proxy and casting a vote on the matter at a duly organized meeting shall be the act of the shareholders.
 
8.5             Board Approval . The submission of any action of the Trust to the shareholders for their consideration shall first be recommended, approved or declared advisable by the Board of Trustees.
 
8.6             Action by Shareholders without a Meeting . No action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders may be taken without a meeting by less than unanimous written or electronic consent of the shareholders of the Trust.

8.7             Notice of Meetings .  Notice of meetings of shareholders shall be given in accordance with the Bylaws. When a meeting of shareholders is adjourned it shall not be necessary to give any notice of the adjourned meeting or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting, other than by announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, unless the Trustees fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

8.8             Quorum .  The required quorum for meetings of shareholders shall be as set forth in the Bylaws. At any meeting where a quorum is present, a majority of the Shares present and voting shall be required to adopt any resolution which is within the province of the shareholders unless a greater or different vote shall be required by this Declaration or by the Board in its authorizing resolution.  For purposes of the foregoing, abstentions and non-votes on a particular matter shall not be deemed to be votes cast on the matter, but shall be counted for purposes of determining quorum.

8.9             Proxies .  At all meetings of shareholders, a shareholder entitled to vote on a particular matter may vote in person or may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy. Every proxy shall be in record form and shall be signed by the shareholder or by a duly authorized attorney in fact. Such proxies shall be filed with the Secretary of Power REIT before or at the time of the meeting. A proxy, unless coupled with an interest, shall be revocable at will, notwithstanding any other agreement or any provision in the proxy to the contrary, but the revocation of the proxy shall not be effective until notice thereof has been given to the Secretary of Power REIT.
 
ARTICLE IX
LIABILITY LIMITATION, INDEMNIFICATION
AND TRANSACTIONS WITH THE TRUST
 
9.1             Limitation of Shareholder Liability . No shareholder shall be liable for any debt, claim, demand, judgment or obligation of any kind of, against or with respect to the Trust by reason of his being a shareholder, nor shall any shareholder be subject to any personal liability whatsoever, in tort, contract or otherwise, to any person in connection with the property or the affairs of the Trust by reason of his being a shareholder.
 
 
 

 
 
9.2             Limitation of Trustee and Officer Liability . To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of trustees and officers of a Maryland real estate investment trust or directors or officers of a Maryland corporation, no Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be liable to the Trust or to any shareholder for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Section 9.2, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Declaration of Trust inconsistent with this Section 9.2, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act that occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.  No Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be liable to the Trust or to any shareholder for money damages except to the extent that (a) the Trustee or officer actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services, for the amount of the benefit or profit in money, property, or services actually received; or (b) a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the Trustee or officer is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the Trustee’s or officer’s action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding.
 
9.3             Indemnification .  Every Trustee and officer of Trust shall be entitled as of right and is hereby indemnified by the Trust, to the maximum extent permitted by law, against reasonable expenses and any liability paid or incurred by such person in connection with an actual (whether pending or completed) or threatened claim, action, suit or proceeding, civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other, whether brought by or in the right of Trust or otherwise, in which he or she may be involved, as a party or otherwise, by reason of such person’s being or having been a Trustee or officer of Trust or by reason of the fact that such person is or was serving in any capacity at the request of Trust as a trustee, director, officer, employee, agent, partner, fiduciary or other representative of another real estate investment trust, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other entity (such claim, action, suit or proceeding being referred to in this Paragraph 9.3 as “action”). Such indemnification shall include the right to have expenses incurred by such person in connection with an action paid in advance by Trust prior to final disposition of such action promptly, and without the need for approval by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, upon delivery to Trust of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person, to repay all amounts so advanced without interest if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Paragraph 9.3. Persons who are not Trustees or officers of Trust may be indemnified in respect of service to Trust or to another such entity at the request of Trust to the extent the Board of Trustees at any time denominates such person as entitled to some or all of the benefits of this Paragraph as the Trustees shall determine as to each such Person. As used herein, “expense” shall include fees and expenses of counsel selected by such person; and “liability” shall include amounts of expenses, liability, loss, judgments, excise taxes, fines and penalties and amounts paid in settlement.  The Trust may, with the approval of its Board of Trustees, provide such indemnification or advancement of expenses to any present or former Trustee or officer who served a predecessor entity or subsidiary of the Trust, and to any employee or agent of the Trust or a predecessor or subsidiary of the Trust.  Any amendment of this section shall be prospective only and shall not affect the applicability of this section with respect to any act or failure to act that occurred prior to such amendment.

9.4             Non-exclusivity of Rights . The provisions of Article IX relating to the limitation of Trustees’ liability and the right to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in this Article IX shall not be exclusive of any other rights that any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of this Declaration of Trust, Bylaws, other agreement, vote of shareholders or Trustees or otherwise.

9.5             Extent of Rights . The provisions of Article IX relating to the limitations of Trustees’ and officers’ liability, and the provisions of this Article IX relating to or providing for indemnification and to the advancement of expenses (1) shall be deemed to create contractual rights in favor of each of the Trustees, officers and other persons entitled to indemnification hereunder and may be modified as to any Trustee, officer or other person only with said Trustee’s, officer’s or other such person’s signed consent in written form; (2) shall continue as to persons who have ceased to have the status pursuant to which they were entitled or were denominated as entitled to indemnification hereunder and shall enure to the benefit of the heirs and legal representatives of persons entitled to indemnification hereunder; and (3) shall be applicable to actions, suits or proceedings commenced after the adoption hereof, whether arising from acts or omissions occurring before or after the adoption hereof. The right of indemnification provided for herein may not be amended, modified or repealed so as to limit in any way the indemnification provided for herein with respect to any acts or omissions occurring prior to the adoption of such amendment or repeal. If applicable Maryland law is amended to permit a Maryland REIT business trust to provide greater or lesser rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses for its trustees and officers than the express terms of this Article IX, this Article IX shall be construed to provide for such greater or lesser rights, without affecting any other provision of this Article IX.
 
 
 

 
 
9.6             Transactions Between the Trust and its Trustees, Officers, Employees and Agents . Subject to any express restrictions in the Declaration of Trust or adopted by the Trustees in the Bylaws or by resolution, the Trust may enter into any contract or transaction of any kind with any person, including any Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust or any person affiliated with a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, whether or not any of them has a financial interest in such transaction, provided, however, that in the case of any contract or transaction in which any Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust (or any person affiliated with such person) has a material financial interest in such transaction, then: (a) the fact of the interest shall be disclosed or known to: (i) the Board of Trustees, and the Board of Trustees shall approve or ratify the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested Trustees, even if the disinterested Trustees constitute less than a quorum, or (ii) if a shareholder vote is required by statute, the contract or transaction shall be authorized, approved or ratified by a majority of the votes cast by the shareholders in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII hereof; or (b) the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to the Trust.  The Trust may employ the same persons in multiple capacities and such employees may receive compensation from the Trust in as many capacities as they may be engaged or employed by the Trust.  The Trust may employ legal counsel of its choice, subject to the requirements of this Section 9.6, irrespective of whether any Trustee is a member of or associated with any firm so employed.

9.7             Express Exculpatory Clauses in Instruments . The Board of Trustees may cause to be inserted in every written agreement, undertaking or obligation made or issued on behalf of the Trust, an appropriate provision to the effect that neither the shareholders nor the Trustees, officers, employees or agents of the Trust shall be liable under any written instrument creating an obligation of the Trust, and all Persons shall look solely to the property of the Trust for the payment of any claim under or for the performance of that instrument. The omission of the foregoing exculpatory language from any instrument shall not affect the validity or enforceability of such instrument and shall not render any shareholder, Trustee, officer, employee or agent liable thereunder to any third party nor shall the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust be liable to anyone for such omission.
 
ARTICLE X
AMENDMENTS
 
10.1           General . The Trust reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to the Declaration of Trust, now or hereafter authorized by law, including, without limitation, any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Declaration of Trust, of any Shares. All rights and powers conferred by the Declaration of Trust on shareholders, Trustees and officers are granted subject to this reservation. The Trust shall file Articles of Amendment as required by Maryland law. All references to the Declaration of Trust shall include all amendments thereto.
 
10.2           By Trustees . The Trustees may amend the Declaration of Trust from time to time (including without limitation, such designating amendments as may be necessary or desirable from time to time to implement the authority granted in this Declaration), except:

(a)            no amendment shall be effected to increase the liability of the Shareholders;

(b)            no amendment may be adopted requiring additional contributions from or assessments against the Shareholders;

(c)            no amendment to this Article X or to Article XII shall be effected without the affirmative vote of Shareholders whose votes are at the time of such amendment necessary to effect the pertinent action hereunder or thereunder.

(d)            no amendment may be made in any respect in which a stockholder vote is required under Maryland REIT law.
 
 
 

 
 
10.3           By Shareholders . Except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2, any amendment to the Declaration of Trust shall be valid only after the Board of Trustees has adopted a resolution setting forth the proposed amendment and declaring such amendment advisable, and such amendment has been approved by the affirmative vote of the shareholders in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII hereof.  However, (a) any amendment to Section 5.3, Section 10.2 or to this sentence of the Declaration of Trust shall be valid only if declared advisable by the Board of Trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of holders of Shares entitled to cast not less than two-thirds (2/3) of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter and (b) any amendments to Section 9.3, Section 9.4 or Section 9.5 hereof with respect to any indemnified party(s) may be made only with the written consent of each such indemnified party(s).
 
10.4           Bylaws . The Board of Trustees shall have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of the Bylaws and to make new Bylaws.
 
ARTICLE XI
MERGER, CONSOLIDATION OR SALE OF TRUST PROPERTY
 
Subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares at the time outstanding, the Trust may (a) merge the Trust with or into another entity or merge another entity into the Trust, (b) consolidate the Trust with one or more other entities into a new entity or (c) sell, lease, exchange or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of the property of the Trust. The Board of Trustees proposing such action shall adopt a resolution that declares the proposed transaction is advisable on substantially the terms and conditions set forth or referred to in the resolutions, and, except as otherwise permitted by Maryland law, direct that the proposed transaction be submitted for consideration by the shareholders. If submitted for consideration by the shareholders, the transaction must be approved by the affirmative vote of holders of Shares in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII hereof.  In addition, a vote of the shareholders shall not be required if the Trust is the successor in the merger, the merger does not reclassify or change the outstanding Shares of the Trust immediately before the merger becomes effective or otherwise amend the Declaration of Trust and the number of Shares of each class or series outstanding immediately after the effective time of the merger does not increase by more than twenty percent (20%) of the number of Shares of the same class or series outstanding immediately before the merger becomes effective.
 
ARTICLE XII
DURATION AND TERMINATION OF TRUST
 
12.1           Duration . The Trust shall continue perpetually unless terminated pursuant to Section 12.2 or pursuant to any applicable provision of the Maryland REIT Law.
 
12.2           Termination .
 
(a)            Subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares at the time outstanding, adoption of a resolution by the Board of Trustees declaring that the termination of the Trust is advisable and submission of the matter by the Board of Trustees to the shareholders for approval, the Trust may be terminated at any meeting of shareholders, by the affirmative vote of holders of Shares entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Upon the termination of the Trust:
 
(i)           The Trust shall carry on no business except for the purpose of winding up its affairs.
 
(ii)          The Trustees shall proceed to wind up the affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Trustees under the Declaration of Trust shall continue, including the powers to fulfill or discharge the Trust’s contracts, collect its assets, sell, convey, assign, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining property of the Trust to one or more persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part of cash, securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities and do all other acts appropriate to liquidate its business. The Trustees may appoint any officer of the Trust or any other person to supervise the winding up of the affairs of the Trust and delegate to such officer or such person any or all powers of the Trustees in this regard.
 
(iii)         After paying or adequately providing for the payment of all liabilities, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and agreements as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trust may distribute the remaining property of the Trust among the shareholders so that after payment in full or the setting apart for payment of such preferential amounts, if any, to which the holders of any Shares at the time outstanding shall be entitled, the remaining property of the Trust shall, subject to any participating or similar rights of Shares at the time outstanding, be distributed ratably among the holders of Shares at the time outstanding.
 
 
 

 
 
(b)            After termination of the Trust, the liquidation of its business and the distribution to the shareholders as herein provided, a majority of the Trustees shall execute and file with the Trust’s records a document certifying that the Trust has been duly terminated, and the Trustees shall be discharged from all liabilities and duties hereunder, and the rights and interests of all shareholders shall cease.
 
ARTICLE XIII
MISCELLANEOUS
 
13.1           Governing Law . The Declaration of Trust is executed by the undersigned Trustees and delivered in the State of Maryland with reference to the laws thereof, and the rights of all parties and the validity, construction and effect of every provision hereof shall be subject to and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof.
 
13.2           Reliance by Third Parties . Any certificate shall be final and conclusive as to any person dealing with the Trust if executed by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Trust or a Trustee, and if certifying to: (a) the number or identity of Trustees, officers of the Trust or shareholders; (b) the due authorization of the execution of any document; (c) the action or vote taken, and the existence of a quorum, at a meeting of the Board of Trustees or shareholders; (d) a copy of the Declaration of Trust or of the Bylaws as a true and complete copy as then in force; (e) an amendment to the Declaration of Trust; (f) the termination of the Trust; or (g) the existence of any fact relating to the affairs of the Trust. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or other person shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction purporting to be made by the Trust on its behalf or by any officer, employee or agent of the Trust.
 
13.3           Severability .
 
(a)            The provisions of the Declaration of Trust are severable, and if the Board of Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any one or more of such provisions (the “Conflicting Provisions”) are in conflict with the Code, the Maryland REIT Law or other applicable federal or state laws, the Conflicting Provisions, to the extent of the conflict, shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of the Declaration of Trust, even without any amendment of the Declaration of Trust pursuant to Article X and without affecting or impairing any of the remaining provisions of the Declaration of Trust or rendering invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination. No Trustee shall be liable for making or failing to make such a determination. In the event of any such determination by the Board of Trustees, the Board shall amend the Declaration of Trust in the manner provided in Section 10.2.
 
(b)            If any provision of the Declaration of Trust shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such holding shall apply only to the extent of any such invalidity or unenforceability and shall not in any manner affect, impair or render invalid or unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of the Declaration of Trust in any jurisdiction.
 
13.4          Construction . In the Declaration of Trust, unless the context otherwise requires, words used in the singular or in the plural include both the plural and singular and words denoting any gender include all genders. The title and headings of different parts are inserted for convenience and shall not affect the meaning, construction or effect of the Declaration of Trust. In defining or interpreting the powers and duties of the Trust and its Trustees and officers, reference may be made by the Trustees or officers, to the extent appropriate and not inconsistent with the Code or the Maryland REIT Law, to Titles 1 through 3 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland. In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, in accordance with the provisions of Title 3, Subtitles 6 and 7, of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland, the Trust shall be included within the definition of “corporation” for purposes of such provisions.
 
 
 

 
 
13.5           Recordation . The Declaration of Trust and any articles of amendment hereto or articles supplementary hereto shall be filed for record with the SDAT and may also be filed or recorded in such other places as the Trustees deem appropriate, but failure to file for record the Declaration of Trust or any articles of amendment hereto in any office other than in the State of Maryland shall not affect or impair the validity or effectiveness of the Declaration of Trust or any amendment hereto. A restated Declaration of Trust shall, upon filing, be conclusive evidence of all amendments contained therein and may thereafter be referred to in lieu of the original Declaration of Trust and the various articles of amendments thereto.
 
THIRD :                   The undersigned acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the trust act of the Trust and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned acknowledges that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.
 
[Signature page follows]
 
 
 

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the Trust has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its CEO & Chairman of the Board of Trustees and attested to by its Secretary on this 28th day of November, 2011.
 
   
/s/ David H. Lesser
   
David H. Lesser
   
CEO & Chairman of the Board
Attest:
   
     
/s/ Arun Mittal
   
Arun Mittal
   
Secretary
   
 
 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT 5.1
 
December 2, 2011
 
Board of Trustees
Power REIT
55 Edison Avenue
West Babylon, NY  11704
 
Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
We have acted as special counsel to Power REIT, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ”) and Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad, a Pennsylvania business trust and sole shareholder of the Company (“ PW ”), in connection with its registration statement on Form S-4 (Reg. No. 333-177802), as amended (the “ Registration Statement ”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”) relating to the issuance of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share of the Company (the “ Shares ”), upon consummation of the proposed merger (the “ Reincorporation Merger ”) of PW with Power REIT PA, LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“ Power REIT PA ”).  The Reincorporation Merger is proposed to be effected pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of even date herewith (the “ Merger Agreement ”), by and among the Company, PW, and Power REIT PA.  This opinion letter is furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. § 229.601(b)(5), in connection with the Registration Statement.

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined copies of such agreements, instruments and documents as we have deemed an appropriate basis on which to render the opinions hereinafter expressed.   In our examination of the aforesaid documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the authenticity of all original documents, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies. We have also assumed that the representations of officers and employees of the Company and PW are true and correct as to questions of fact.
 
This opinion letter is based as to matters of law solely on applicable provisions of Pennsylvania law and Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland, as amended, (the “Maryland REIT Law”) and applicable provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended (the “MGCL”).  As used herein, the terms “Maryland REIT Law” and “MGCL” include the statutory provisions contained therein, all applicable provisions of the Maryland Constitution and reported judicial decisions interpreting these laws.

Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement as described in the Registration Statement, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.

Except as set forth above, we express no opinion to any party as to the legal consequences, whether United States federal, state, local or foreign, of the Reincorporation Merger, the Merger Agreement or of any transaction related thereto or contemplated by the Registration Statement.  This opinion is being furnished solely in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement, and speaks as of the date hereof.  We disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes of the facts stated or assumed herein or any subsequent changes in applicable law.
 
 
 

 
 
We hereby consent to (i) the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and (ii) the reference to this firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus.  In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are an “expert” within the meaning of the Act.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Leech Tishman Fuscaldo & Lampl LLC
 
 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT 8.1

December 2, 2011

Board of Trustees
Power REIT
55 Edison Avenue
West Babylon, NY  11704

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as special counsel to Power REIT, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ”) and Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad, a Pennsylvania business trust and sole shareholder of the Company (“ PW ”), in connection with its registration statement on Form S-4 (Reg. No. 333-117802), as amended (the “ Registration Statement ”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”) relating to the issuance of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Shares ”) of the Company (the “ Shares ”), upon consummation of the proposed merger (the “ Reincorporation Merger ”) of PW with Power REIT PA, LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“ Power REIT PA ”).  The Reincorporation Merger is proposed to be effected pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of even date herewith (the “ Merger Agreement ”), by and among the Company, PW, and Power REIT PA.  Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meanings attributed to such terms in the Registration Statement.
  
For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined copies of such agreements, instruments and documents as we have deemed an appropriate basis on which to render the opinions hereinafter expressed.   In our examination of the aforesaid documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the authenticity of all original documents, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies.  We have also assumed that the representations of officers and employees of the Company and PW are true and correct as to questions of fact.
 
In rendering our opinions, we have considered applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“ Code ”), and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“ Regulations ”), pertinent judicial authorities, rulings of the Internal Revenue Service (“ IRS ”), currently published administrative rulings and procedures, and such other authorities as we have considered relevant, in each case as in effect on the date hereof (collectively, the “ Tax Laws ”).  It should be noted that the Code, Regulations, judicial decisions, rulings, administrative interpretations and such other authorities are subject to change at any time and, in some circumstances, with retroactive effect.  A change in any of the authorities upon which our opinion is based, or any variation or difference in any fact from those set forth or assumed herein or in the Registration Statement, letter of transmittal and consent or such other document on which we relied, could affect our conclusions herein.  Moreover, there can be no assurance that our opinion will be accepted by the IRS or, if challenged by the IRS, by a court.
  
Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing:
 
 
1.
We hereby confirm that the discussion with respect to Tax Laws matters contained in the Registration Statement under the heading “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” represent our opinions on the subject matter thereof; and
 
 
2.
We are of the opinion that the Reincorporation Merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code.
 
 
 

 
 
Except as set forth above, we express no opinion to any party as to the tax consequences, whether United States federal, state, local or foreign, of the Reincorporation Merger, the Merger Agreement or of any transaction related thereto or contemplated by the Registration Statement.  This opinion is being furnished solely in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement, and speaks as of the date hereof.  We disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes of the facts stated or assumed herein or any subsequent changes in applicable law.
 
We hereby consent to (i) the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 8.1 to the Registration Statement and (ii) the reference to this firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus.  In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are an “expert” within the meaning of the Act.
 
Very truly yours,

/s/ Leech Tishman Fuscaldo & Lampl LLC
 
 
 

 
 
EXHIBIT 99.1

Power REIT (AMEX: PW), December 2, 2011 .

Power REIT and Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railroad complete re-incorporation and announce expansion of business plan

Power REIT is a real-estate investment trust (REIT) that is focused on the ownership, development and management of transportation and energy infrastructure related real-estate.  In most energy and transportation investments, real-estate is a significant component of the intrinsic value of the project.  Power REIT recognizes the inherent value of the real-estate within infrastructure projects by supporting investments in new infrastructure development and by working with owners of existing infrastructure to monetize and unlock embedded value.

Re-incorporation as Power REIT

Power REIT is the reincorporated, successor company to Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad (“PWVR”).  The reincorporation was effected through a reverse merger on December 1, 2011 between PWVR and Power REIT’s wholly-owned merger subsidiary.  PWVR survives the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Power REIT and Power REIT assumes PWVR’s listing on the AMEX under the ticker “PW”.  Accordingly, each share of PWVR is converted into a share of Power REIT and the trading ticker symbol is unchanged.  After giving effect to the reincorporation merger, the number of Power REIT shares outstanding and the consolidated balance sheet and income statement of Power REIT are the same as PWVR’s prior to the reincorporation merger.   The purpose of the reincorporation merger was to update the structure to conform to current REIT practices including the eventual formation of an “Umbrella Partnership” (also known as an UPREIT), structure that will facilitate transactions as the company embarks on its expanded business plan.

Further information on the reincorporation merger and risk factors can be found on Power REIT’s Registration Statement filed on Form S-4/A with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 30, 2011.

Expanded Business Plan

REITs own many mainstream real estate assets such as shopping centers, office buildings and apartments.  In addition, specialized REITs have emerged to focus on unique real-estate assets such as railroads, cell phone towers, data centers, timber properties and gas stations.  Power REIT is a specialized REIT focused primarily on transportation (e.g. its existing railroad) and energy infrastructure.  As successor to the country’s oldest infrastructure REIT, Power REIT is positioned to participate in build out, capitalization and long-term private ownership of U.S. infrastructure assets.
 
Power REIT believes infrastructure assets are critical to the nation’s economy and provide long-term, stable cash-flows.  The REIT structure is ideally suited to own and manage infrastructure assets, as they provide predictable cash-flows that often have a low correlation to underlying economy. In many cases infrastructure assets are supported by long term contracts with credit worthy counterparties. For example, Power REIT leases its existing railroad asset to Norfolk Southern Corporation pursuant to a 99-year lease.  Power REIT continues to explore transactions across various energy asset classes and believes its expanded business plan will enable it to create shareholder value and increase funds from operations.
 
 
 

 
 
About Power REIT

Power REIT owns PWVR, which was formed in 1967 to own a 112-mile stretch of railroad that is triple net leased to Norfolk Southern Corporation.  Power REIT is in the process of expanding its business plan to include new assets in renewable energy and transportation infrastructure.  There is no guarantee that Power REIT will be successful in the execution of its business plan.  Further information on the reincorporation merger and risk factors are disclosed on Power REIT’s registration statement filed on Form S-4/A with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 30, 2011.

Management Team

The management team of Power REIT is led by David H. Lesser, as the company’s Chairman and CEO.  Mr. Lesser has over 25 years of investment and operational experience in real-estate and alternative energy, including substantial experience in creating shareholder value in public REITs.  Mr. Lesser has significant experience with public companies and with private investments, including principal and distressed investments in both operating and development properties.  Mr. Lesser holds an M.B.A. from Cornell University and a B.S. in Applied Management and Economics from Cornell University.

In addition to Mr. Lesser, Power REIT’s business development efforts are led by Arun Mittal, CFA, the company’s VP of Business Development.  Mr. Mittal has over a decade of investment banking and buy-side investment experience in financial institutions and energy. Mr. Mittal is experienced in developing new businesses and investing in hard, cash-flowing assets.  Mr. Mittal holds a BS in electrical engineering from Stanford University and a MS in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release may contain include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are those that predict or describe future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can generally identify forward-looking statements as statements containing the words "believe," "expect," "will," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "would," "should," "project," "plan," "assume" or other similar expressions, or negatives of those expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. All statements contained in this press release regarding Power REIT’s future strategy, future operations, projected financial position, estimated future revenues, projected costs, future prospects, the future of the Power REIT’s industries and results that might be obtained by pursuing management's current or future plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. Over time, Power REIT’s actual results, performance or achievements will likely differ from the anticipated results, performance or achievements that are expressed or implied by the Power REIT’s forward-looking statements, and such difference might be significant and materially adverse to Power REIT’s security holders.

All forward-looking statements reflect the Power REIT’s good faith beliefs, assumptions and expectations, but they are not guarantees of future performance.  Furthermore, Power REIT disclaims any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data or methods, future events or other changes.  For a further discussion of these and other factors that could cause Power REIT's future results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see the section entitled "Risk Factors" in Power REIT’s registration statement filed with the SEC on November 30, 2011, and other risks described in documents subsequently filed by Power REIT from time to time with the SEC.
  
 
 

 
 
Investor Relations
 
Please contact Arun Mittal for further information or for business opportunities:
 
Arun Mittal, CFA
VP Business Development
Power REIT
55 Edison Avenue
West Babylon, NY 11704
(T) 917-470-9093
(E) ir@pwreit.com
(W) http://www.pwreit.com/