Exhibit 10.1

SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

This Subscription Agreement (this “ Subscription ”) is dated October 10, 2014, by and between the investor identified on the signature page hereto (the “ Investor ”) and Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a company incorporated and registered in the State of Nevada (the “ Company ”), whereby the parties agree as follows:

1.             Subscription .

(a)    Investor agrees to buy and the Company agrees to sell and issue to Investor such number of Units (“ Units ”) as set forth on the signature page hereto, for an aggregate purchase price (the “ Purchase Price ”) equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of Units the Investor has agreed to purchase and (y) the purchase price per Unit set forth on the signature page hereto, each Unit consisting of (i) one share of the Company’s common stock (the “ Shares ”), $0.001 par value per share (the “ Common Shares ”) and (ii) a warrant (the “ Warrants ”) to purchase 0.5 Common Shares (the “ Warrant Shares ”). The Purchase Price is set forth on the signature page hereto. The Company proposes to enter into substantially this same form of Subscription Agreement with certain other investors (the “ Other Investors ”) and expects to complete sales of the Units to them. The Investor and the Other Investors are hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as the “ Investors ,” and this Subscription and the Subscription Agreements executed by the Other Investors are hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as the “ Subscriptions ”.

(b)    The offering and sale of the Units have been registered on a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189794) (the “ Registration Statement ”). The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) and is effective on the date hereof. The prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the time it was declared effective by the Commission or in the form in which it has been most recently filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Subscription is hereinafter called the “ Base Prospectus .” Any preliminary form of prospectus which is filed or used prior to filing of the Prospectus (as hereinafter defined) is hereinafter called a “ Preliminary Prospectus .” Any reference herein to the Base Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include any documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), and also shall be deemed to include any documents incorporated by reference therein, and any supplements or amendments thereto, filed with the Commission after the date of filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, and prior to the termination of the offering of the Units by the Placement Agent. A final prospectus supplement will be delivered to the Investor as required by law. Such final prospectus supplement, in the form in which it shall be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (including the Base Prospectus as so supplemented) is hereinafter called the “ Prospectus .” The Base Prospectus, as supplemented by the Preliminary Prospectus, if any, and the pricing information conveyed orally to the Investor, are collectively referred to as the “ Disclosure Package .” The Shares shall be freely tradable on the NYSE MKT.

(c)     Payment of the Purchase Price for, and delivery by the Company of, the Units shall take place at a closing (the “ Closing ”), which shall occur no later than three (3) trading days after the date of this Subscription, subject to the satisfaction or waiver of all the conditions to the Closing (the “ Company Closing Conditions ”) set forth in the Placement Agency Agreement (the “ Placement Agreement ”) dated October 10, 2014 by and among the Company and the placement agent named therein (the “ Placement Agent ”).

(d)     At or prior to the Closing and promptly upon the request of the Placement Agent after the satisfaction of the Company Closing Conditions, the manner of settlement of the Units purchased by the Investor shall be as follows ( check one ):

[____] A.    The Investor shall remit by wire transfer the amount of funds equal to the Purchase Price to following account designated by the Company and the Placement Agent:

Account Name: Synthetic Biologics, Inc.

Account Number:

Bank Name:

Bank Address:

ABA Number:

Contact:

Telephone:

The Placement Agent shall have no rights in or to any of such funds, unless the Placement Agent is notified in writing by the Company in connection with the Closing that a portion of such funds shall be applied to the Placement Fee.

The Investor shall also furnish to the Placement Agent a completed W-9 form (or, in the case of an Investor who is not a United States citizen or resident, a W-8 form).

At the Closing, upon receipt of the Purchase Price, the Company shall cause the Units to be delivered to the Investor, with (i) the delivery of the Common Shares to be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC system in accordance with the instructions set forth on the signature page attached hereto under the heading “DWAC Instructions” and (ii) the delivery of the Warrants in physical form to the Investor.

— OR —

[____] B.    For delivery of the Shares, delivery versus payment (“ DVP ”) through DTC (i.e., at Closing, the Company shall deliver the Common Shares registered in the Investor’s name and address as set forth below and released by [NAME OF TRANSFER AGENT] to the Investor through DTC at the Closing directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by the Investor; upon receipt of such Common Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver such Common Shares to the Investor, and simultaneously therewith payment shall be made by the Placement Agent by wire transfer to the Company). No later than one (1) business day after the execution of this Subscription by the Investor and the Company, the Investor shall:

(i) notify the Placement Agent of the account or accounts at the Placement Agent to be credited with the Common Shares being purchased by such Investor, and

(ii) confirm that the account or accounts at the Placement Agent to be credited with the Common Shares being purchased by the Investor have a minimum balance equal to the aggregate purchase price for the Common Shares being purchased by the Investor.

For delivery of the Warrants, upon receipt of payment by the Company from the account at the Placement Agent, the Company shall promptly deliver the Warrants to the Investor in physical form.

IT IS THE INVESTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY TO (A) MAKE THE NECESSARY WIRE TRANSFER OR CONFIRM THE PROPER ACCOUNT BALANCE IN A TIMELY MANNER AND (B) ARRANGE FOR SETTLEMENT OF THE COMMON SHARES BY WAY OF DWAC OR DVP AND THE WARRANTS BY PHYSICAL DELIVERY IN A TIMELY MANNER. IF THE INVESTOR DOES NOT DELIVER THE AGGREGATE PURCHASE PRICE FOR THE UNITS OR DOES NOT MAKE PROPER ARRANGEMENTS FOR SETTLEMENT IN A TIMELY MANNER, THE UNITS MAY NOT BE DELIVERED AT CLOSING TO THE INVESTOR OR THE INVESTOR MAY BE EXCLUDED FROM THE CLOSING ALTOGETHER, AT THE COMPANY’S DISCRETION.

2.            Company Representations and Warranties . 

(a)    The Company represents and warrants that: (i) it has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Subscription and the Warrants and to perform all of its obligations hereunder and thereunder; (ii) each of this Subscription and the Warrants has been duly authorized and executed by, and when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof will constitute a valid and binding agreement of, the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally or subject to general principles of equity; (iii) the execution and delivery of this Subscription and the Warrants and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not conflict with or result in a breach of (x) the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or other governing documents, or (y) any material agreement to which the Company is a party or by which any of its property or assets is bound; (iv) the Shares when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of this Subscription, and the Warrant Shares when issued and paid for in accordance with the Warrants, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; (v) the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective, did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (vi) the Disclosure Package as of the date hereof does not contain, any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and (vii) all preemptive rights or rights of first refusal held by shareholders of the Company and applicable to the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly satisfied or waived in accordance with the terms of the agreements between the Company and such shareholders conferring such rights.

(b)    The Placement Agreement contains certain representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the Company that may be relied upon by the Investor, which shall be a third-party beneficiary thereof. The Company hereby incorporates such representations, warranties, covenants and agreements herein, as if made on (i) the date hereof and (ii) the date of the Closing. The Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided the Investor or their agents or counsel with any information that constitutes or could reasonably be expected to constitute material, nonpublic information, except as will be disclosed in the Prospectus and/or in the Company’s Report on Form 8-K to be filed with the Commission in connection with the Offering. The Company understands and confirms that the Investor will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in Common Shares of the Company. After the time that the transactions contemplated by this Subscription are first publicly announced, the Investor shall have no duty of confidentiality if the Company has disclosed any material, non-public information to the Investor.

3.             Investor Representations, Warranties and Acknowledgments. 

(a)     The Investor represents and warrants that: (i) it has full right, power and authority to enter into this Subscription and to perform all of its obligations hereunder; (ii) this Subscription has been duly authorized and executed by the Investor and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute a valid and binding agreement of the Investor enforceable against the Investor in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally or subject to general principles of equity; (iii) the execution and delivery of this Subscription and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby do not conflict with or result in a breach of (A) the Investor’s articles of incorporation or bylaws (or other governing documents), or (B) any material agreement or any law or regulation to which the Investor is a party or by which any of its property or assets is bound; (iv) it has had full access to the Disclosure Package, the Company’s periodic reports and other information incorporated by reference therein, and was able to read, review, download and print such materials; (v) in making its investment decision in this offering, the Investor and its advisors, if any, have relied solely on the information contained or incorporated by reference in the Disclosure Package; (vi) it is knowledgeable, sophisticated and experienced in making, and is qualified to make, decisions with respect to investments in securities representing an investment decision like that involved in the purchase of the Units; (vii) the Investor has had no position, office or other material relationship within the past three years with the Company or persons known to it to be affiliates of the Company; (viii), except as set forth below, the Investor is not a, and it has no direct or indirect affiliation or association with any, member of FINRA or an Associated Person (as such term is defined under the NASD Membership and Registration Rules Section 1011) as of the date hereof; and (ix) neither the Investor nor any group of Investors (as identified in a public filing made with the SEC) of which the Investor is a part in connection with the offering of the Units, acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, 20% or more of the Common Shares (or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Shares) or the voting power of the Company on a post-transaction basis.

(If no exceptions, write “none.” If left blank, response will be deemed to be “none.”)

(b)    The Investor also represents and warrants that, other than the transactions contemplated hereunder, the Investor has not directly or indirectly, nor has any person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with the Investor, executed any purchase or sale in Common Shares of the Company, including “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Common Shares Exchange Act of 1934 (“ Short Sales ”), during the period commencing from the time that the Investor first became aware of the proposed transactions contemplated hereunder until the date hereof (the “ Discussion Time ”). The Investor has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction).

4.             Investor Covenant Regarding Short Sales and Confidentiality.

(a)    The Investor covenants that neither it nor any affiliates acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any transactions in Common Shares of the Company, including Short Sales, during the period after the Discussion Time and ending at the time that the transactions contemplated by this Subscription are first publicly announced through a press release and/or Current Report on Form 8-K. The Investor covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Subscription are publicly disclosed by the Company through a press release and/or Current Report on Form 8-K, the Investor will maintain the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction).

(b)    The Company and the Investor agree that the Company shall (a) no later than 9:00 am New York City time on the business day immediately following the date hereof, issue a press release announcing the material terms and conditions of the offering and (b) on the business day immediately following the date hereof, file a Current Report on Form 8-K with the Commission including, but not limited to, a form of this Agreement as an exhibit thereto. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to the Investor by the Company, if any, or any of its officers or directors. The Company shall not provide the Investor with any material, non-public information following the issuance of the press release. The Company shall not identify any Investor by name in any press release without such Investor’s prior written consent.

5.             Miscellaneous .

(a)     This Subscription constitutes the entire understanding and agreement between the parties with respect to its subject matter, and there are no agreements or understandings with respect to the subject matter hereof which are not contained in this Subscription.  This Subscription may be modified only in writing signed by the parties hereto.

(b)     This Subscription may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other parties hereto, it being understood that all parties need not sign the same counterpart.  Execution may be made by delivery by facsimile.

(c)     The provisions of this Subscription are severable and, in the event that any court or officials of any regulatory agency of competent jurisdiction shall determine that any one or more of the provisions or part of the provisions contained in this Subscription shall, for any reason, be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or part of a provision of this Subscription and this Subscription shall be reformed and construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision, or part of such provision, had never been contained herein, so that such provisions would be valid, legal and enforceable to the maximum extent possible, so long as such construction does not materially adversely affect the economic rights of either party hereto.

(d)     All communications hereunder, except as may be otherwise specifically provided herein, shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered, sent by a recognized overnight courier service such as Federal Express, or sent via facsimile and confirmed by letter, to the party to whom it is addressed at the following addresses or such other address as such party may advise the other in writing:

To the Company:  as set forth on the signature page hereto.

To the Investor:  as set forth on the signature page hereto.

All notices hereunder shall be effective upon receipt by the party to which it is addressed.

(e)     This Subscription shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York for contracts to be wholly performed in such state and without giving effect to the principles thereof regarding the conflict of laws.  To the extent determined by such court, the prevailing party shall reimburse the other party for any reasonable legal fees and disbursements incurred in enforcement or protection of any of its rights under this Subscription.

(f)     The Placement Agent shall be an express third-party beneficiary to each representation and warranty delivered by the Investor pursuant to this Subscription, and shall be entitled to rely thereon.

If the foregoing correctly sets forth our agreement, please confirm this by signing and returning to us the duplicate copy of this Subscription.

[Issuer’s Signature Page to Subscription Agreement]

[Investor’s Signature Page to Subscription Agreement]

Exhibit 10.2

SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICS, INC.

14,059,616 Shares of Common Stock

Warrants to Purchase 7,029,808 Shares

Placement Agency Agreement

October 10, 2014

William Blair & Company, L.L.C.

222 West Adams

Chicago, Illinois 60606

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “ Company ”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions herein, to issue and sell an aggregate of up to 14,059,616 (the “ Shares ”), of common stock $0.001 par value per share (the “ Common Stock ”) and warrants (in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B , the “ Warrants ”) to purchase 7,029,808 shares of Common Stock in Units (each a “ Unit ”) consisting of (i) one share of Common Stock and (ii) one Warrant to purchase 0.50 of a share of Common Stock to certain investors (each an “ Investor ” and collectively the “ Investors ”), in an offering under its registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189794). The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants is hereinafter referred to as the “ Warrant Shares .” The Warrant Shares, together with the Shares and the Warrants, are referred to herein as the “ Securities .” The Shares and Warrants are more fully described in the Disclosure Package (as defined in Section 2(c) hereof ). The Company desires to engage William Blair & Company, L.L.C. as the Company’s exclusive placement agent (in such capacity, the “ Placement Agent ”) in connection with such issuance and sale of the Shares.

The Company hereby confirms its agreement with you as follows:

1.           Agreement to Act as Placement Agent.

(a)          On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company herein contained, and subject to all the terms and conditions of this Placement Agency Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) between the Company and the Placement Agent, the Placement Agent shall act as placement agent on a commercially reasonable efforts basis, in connection with the issuance and sale by the Company of the Units to the Investors in a proposed takedown under the Registration Statement (as defined in Section 2(a)(1) hereof), with the terms of the offering to be subject to market conditions and negotiations between the Company, the Placement Agent and the prospective Investors (such takedown shall be referred to herein as the “ Offering ”). As compensation for services rendered, and provided that any of the Units are sold to Investors in the Offering, on the Closing Date (as defined in subsection (c) of this Section 1 ) of the Offering, the Company shall pay to the Placement Agent an amount equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Units (the “ Placement Fee ”). The sale of the Units shall be made pursuant to subscription agreements in the form included as Exhibit A hereto (each, a “ Subscription Agreement ” and collectively, the “ Subscription Agreements ”) on the terms described on Exhibit C hereto. The Placement Agent shall communicate to the Company, orally or in writing, each reasonable offer to purchase Units received by it as agent of the Company. The Company shall have the sole right to accept offers to purchase the Units and may reject any such offer in whole or in part. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that the Placement Agent or any of its affiliates may, solely at their discretion and without any obligation to do so, purchase Units as principal; provided, that any such purchases by the Placement Agent (or its affiliates) shall be fully disclosed to the Company and approved by the Company in accordance with the previous two sentences.

(b)          This Agreement shall not give rise to any commitment by the Placement Agent to purchase any of the Units, and the Placement Agent shall have no authority to bind the Company to accept offers to purchase the Units. The Placement Agent shall act on a commercially reasonable efforts basis and does not guarantee that it will be able to raise new capital in the Offering. The Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents on its behalf in connection with the Offering, the fees of which shall be paid out of the Placement Fee. Prior to the earlier of (i) the date on which this Agreement is terminated and (ii) the Closing Date, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, solicit or accept offers to purchase Common Stock or Warrants (other than pursuant to the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Common Stock that are outstanding at the date hereof) otherwise than through the Placement Agent in accordance herewith.

(c)          Payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of, the Units shall be made at a closing (the “ Closing ”) at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, counsel for the Placement Agent, located at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 at 10:00 a.m., local time, on or before October 15, 2014 or at such time on such other date as may be agreed upon in writing by the Company and the Placement Agent (such date of payment and delivery being herein called the “ Closing Date ”). All such actions taken at the Closing shall be deemed to have occurred simultaneously. No Shares or Warrants which the Company has agreed to sell pursuant to this Agreement and the Subscription Agreements shall be deemed to have been purchased and paid for, or sold by the Company, until such Shares or Warrants shall have been delivered to the Investor thereof against payment therefor by such Investor. If the Company shall default in its obligations to deliver Shares or Warrants to an Investor with which it has entered into a Subscription Agreement, the Company shall indemnify and hold the Placement Agent harmless from and against any loss, claim, damage or liability incurred by the Placement Agent arising from or as a result of such default by the Company.

(d)          The Shares shall be delivered, through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company and shall be registered in such name or names and shall be in such denominations, as the Placement Agent may request by written notice to the Company at least one business day before the Closing Date. The Warrants shall be delivered in physical form to the Investors on or as promptly as practicable after the Closing Date.

2.            Registration Statement . (a) The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “ Securities Act ”), a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-189794), including a base prospectus (the “ Base Prospectus ”), relating to the Securities. Such registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act to be part of the registration statement at the time of its effectiveness (“ Rule 430 Information ”), is referred to herein as the “ Registration Statement ”. If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “ Rule 462 Registration Statement ”), then any reference herein to the term “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement. Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, as of the effective date of the Registration Statement or the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be and any reference to “amend”, “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after such date under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “ Exchange Act ”) that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.

(b)         No stop order preventing or suspending use of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus (as defined in subsection (a)(iii) of this Section 2 ) or the Prospectus (as defined in subsection (a)(iii) of this Section 2 ) or the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, has been issued by the Commission, and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or, to the Company’s knowledge, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission.

(c)          The Company proposes to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act a final prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus. Such final prospectus supplement, in the form in which it shall be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (including the Base Prospectus as so supplemented) is hereinafter called the “ Prospectus .” Any preliminary form of prospectus which is filed or used prior to filing of the Prospectus is hereinafter called a “ Preliminary Prospectus .” Any reference herein to the Base Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include any documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Securities Act as of the date of such prospectus, and, in the case of any reference herein to the Prospectus, also shall be deemed to include any documents incorporated by reference therein, and any supplements or amendments thereto, filed with the Commission after the date of filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, and prior to the termination of the offering of the Units by the Placement Agent.

(d)          For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, any 462(b) Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (“ EDGAR ”). All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which are “contained,” “included” or “stated” (or other references of like import) in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include all such financial statements and schedules and other information incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing, as the case may be, prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement; and all references in this Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, at or after the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

“ Applicable Time ” with respect to an Investor means the time of receipt and acceptance of an executed Subscription Agreement from such Investor..

“ General Disclosure Package ” means any Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, the Base Prospectus (each as amended or supplemented as of the Applicable Time) and the information set forth on Exhibit C attached hereto, all considered together (collectively, the “ General Disclosure Package ” ).

“ Issuer Free Writing Prospectus ” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act (“ Rule 433 ”), including without limitation any “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (“ Rule 405 ”)) relating to the Shares and the Warrants that is (i) required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) a “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii) exempt from filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Units or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).

“ Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus ” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors, as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule I hereto.

“ Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus ” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus.

3.            Representations and Warranties of the Company . The Company represents and warrants to the Placement Agent as of the date hereof, the Applicable Time and the Closing Time that:

(a)           Registration Statement and Prospectus . (A) At the time the Registration Statement was originally filed, (B) at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, a report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and incorporated therein by reference or form of prospectus), and (C) at the date hereof, the Company met or meets the requirements for use of General Instruction I.B.1. Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement is a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 for an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i) and 415(a)(1)(x) of the Securities Act and the Securities have been and remain eligible for registration by the Company on such shelf registration statement. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto has become effective under the Securities Act. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the Securities Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information.

Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time of its effectiveness and at each deemed effective date with respect to the Placement Agent pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2), complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, at the time each was filed with the Commission, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act. Each Preliminary Prospectus delivered by the Company to the Placement Agent for use in connection with this offering and the Prospectus was or will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

The reports incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, when they became effective or at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

(b)           Accurate Disclosure . Neither the Registration Statement nor any amendment thereto, at its effective time or at the Closing Time, contained or will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. As of the Applicable Time, neither (A) the General Disclosure Package nor (B) any individual Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Neither the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto (including any prospectus wrapper), as of its issue date, at the time of any filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), at the Closing Time will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, at the time the Registration Statement became effective or when such documents incorporated by reference were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, when read together with the other information in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, did not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The representations and warranties in this subsection shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Placement Agent expressly for use therein, which the parties agree shall consist solely of the sixth, eleventh, and thirteenth paragraphs in the Prospectus under the heading “Plan of Distribution” (collectively, the “ Placement Agent Information ”).

(c)           Issuer Free Writing Prospectus . No Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein, and any preliminary or other prospectus deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified.

(d)           Company Not Ineligible Issuer . At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Units and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

(e)           Independent Accountants . BDO USA, LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act.

(f)           Financial Statements; Non-GAAP Financial Measures . The financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules and notes, present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the statement of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the periods specified; said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“ GAAP ”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved except where and to the extent noted therein. The supporting schedules, if any, present fairly in all material respects in accordance with GAAP the information required to be stated therein. The summary financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, if any, present fairly in all material respects the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements included therein, except where and to the extent noted. Except as included therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the Securities Act. All disclosures contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.

(g)           No Material Adverse Change . Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (A) there has been no material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business (a “ Material Adverse Effect ”), (B) there have been no transactions entered into by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (other than those in the ordinary course of business and that are not, individually or in the aggregate, material to the Company or its subsidiaries, and (C) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its capital stock.

(h)           Good Standing of the Company . The Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada and has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement; and the Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(i)           Good Standing of Subsidiaries . Each of the subsidiaries of the Company listed on Schedule II hereto (each, a “ Subsidiary ” and, collectively, the “ Subsidiaries ”) has been duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing (to the extent such concept exists) under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization as set forth on Schedule II , has corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, all of the issued and outstanding capital stock (or other ownership interests) of each Subsidiary has been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned by the Company, directly or through Subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity. None of the outstanding shares of capital stock (or other ownership interests) of any Subsidiary was issued in violation of the preemptive or similar rights of any securityholder of such Subsidiary. The only Subsidiaries of the Company are the subsidiaries listed Schedule II hereto.

(j)           Capitalization . The authorized, issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are as set forth in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. None of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company was issued in violation of the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company.

(k)           Due Authorization . The Company has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby has been duly and validly taken.

(l)            Placement Agency Agreement . This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

(m)           The Securities . The Shares to be purchased by the Investors from the Company have been duly authorized for issuance and sale to the Investors and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreements against payment of the consideration set forth therein, will be validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable; and the issuance of the Shares is not subject to the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company other than a participation right granted to Intrexon Corporation. The Warrants have been duly authorized, and when executed and delivered by the Company, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, except that such enforcement may be subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws, now or hereafter in effect, affecting creditors’ rights generally. The Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance pursuant to the terms of the Warrants, and when issued by the Company upon valid exercise of the Warrants and payment of the exercise price, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free of any preemptive or similar rights and will conform to the description thereof contained in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus The Common Stock conforms to all statements relating thereto contained in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and such description conforms to the rights set forth in the instruments defining the same.

(n)           Registration Rights . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no persons with registration rights or other similar rights to have any securities registered for sale pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise registered for sale by the Company under the Securities Act.

(o)           Absence of Violations . Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (A) in violation of its respective charter, by-laws or similar organizational document, (B) in default in the performance or observance of any existing obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan or credit agreement, note, lease or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them is bound or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is subject (collectively, “ Agreements and Instruments ”), except for such defaults that would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (C) in violation of any applicable law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, writ or decree of any arbitrator, court, governmental body, regulatory body, administrative agency or other authority, body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, assets or operations (each, a “ Governmental Entity ”), except for such violations that would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(p)           No Conflicts . The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Subscription Agreements and the Warrants by the Company and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and therein and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including the issuance and sale of the Units, the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Units as described therein under the caption “Use of Proceeds” and the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants) and compliance by the Company with its obligations hereunder have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and do not and will not, whether with or without the giving of notice or passage of time or both, conflict with or constitute a breach of, or default or Repayment Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, the Agreements and Instruments (except for such conflicts, breaches, defaults or Repayment Events or liens, charges or encumbrances that would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect), nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the charter, by-laws or similar organizational document of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, writ or decree of any Governmental Entity having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. As used herein, a “ Repayment Event ” means any event or condition which gives the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(q)           No Consents Required . No filing with, or authorization, approval, consent, license, order, registration, qualification or decree of, any Governmental Entity is necessary or required for the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, in connection with the offering, issuance or sale of the Units hereunder, the exercise of the Warrants by the Investors or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Subscription Agreements or the Warrants, except such as have been already obtained or as may be required under the Securities Act, the rules of the NYSE MKT, state securities laws or the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“ FINRA ”).

(r)           Absence of Proceedings . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or brought by any Governmental Entity now pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing, against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, which reasonably would be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or which reasonably would be expected to materially and adversely affect their respective properties or assets or the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement or the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder.

(s)           Accuracy of Exhibits . There are no contracts or documents which are required to be described in the Registration Statement or to be filed as exhibits thereto which have not been so described and filed as required.

(t)           Title to Real and Personal Property . The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real property owned by them and good title to all other properties owned by them, in each case, free and clear of all mortgages, pledges, liens, security interests, claims, restrictions or encumbrances of any kind except such as (A) are described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; or (B) do not, singly or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; and all of the leases and subleases material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise, and under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries holds properties described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, are in full force and effect, and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has any notice of any material claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary under any of the leases or subleases mentioned above, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or such Subsidiary to the continued possession of the leased or subleased premises under any such lease or sublease.

(u)           Title to Intellectual Property . The Company and its Subsidiaries own, license, possess, or have rights to, or can acquire on reasonable terms, adequate and sufficient patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names or other intellectual property (collectively, “ Intellectual Property ”) necessary to carry on the business now operated by them in all material respects, and to the knowledge of the Company, the conduct of their respective businesses will not conflict in any material respect with any Intellectual Property rights of others, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice of any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property or of any facts or circumstances which would render any Intellectual Property invalid or inadequate to protect the interest of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries therein, and which infringement or conflict (if the subject of any unfavorable decision, ruling or finding) or invalidity or inadequacy, singly or in the aggregate, would, or would reasonably be expected to, be material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered together as one enterprise. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others relating to the Intellectual Property that, singly or in the aggregate, would, or would reasonably be expected to, be material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered together as one enterprise.

(v)           No Undisclosed Relationships . No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by Item 404 of Regulation S-K to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the General Disclosure Package.

(w)           Investment Company Act . The Company is not required, and upon the issuance and sale of the Units as herein contemplated and the application of the net proceeds therefrom as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will not be required, to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ 1940 Act ”).

(x)           Payment of Taxes . All United States federal income tax returns of the Company and its Subsidiaries required by law to be filed have been filed and all taxes shown by such returns or otherwise assessed, which are due and payable, have been paid. The United States federal income tax returns of the Company through the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 have been settled and no assessment in connection therewith has been made against the Company. The Company and its Subsidiaries have filed all other tax returns that are required to have been filed by them pursuant to applicable foreign, state, local or other law, and has paid all taxes due pursuant to such returns or pursuant to any assessment received by the Company and its Subsidiaries. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Company in respect of any income and corporation tax liability for any years not finally determined are adequate to meet any material assessments or re-assessments for additional income tax for any years not finally determined or closed by the applicable statute of limitations, except to the extent any inadequacy would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(y)           Licenses and Permits . The Company and its Subsidiaries possess such permits, licenses, approvals, consents and other authorizations (collectively, “ Governmental Licenses ”) issued by the appropriate Governmental Entities necessary to conduct the business now operated by them, except where the failure to so possess would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all Governmental Licenses, except where the failure to so comply would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect. All of the Governmental Licenses are valid and in full force and effect, except where the invalidity of such Governmental Licenses or the failure of such Governmental Licenses to be in full force and effect would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Governmental Licenses, which, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(z)           Absence of Labor Dispute . No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its or any Subsidiary’s principal suppliers, manufacturers, customers or contractors, which, in either case would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(aa)          Environmental Laws . Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or as would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect, (A) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of common law or any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of human health, the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products, asbestos-containing materials or mold (collectively, “ Hazardous Materials ”) or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials (collectively, “ Environmental Laws ”), (B) the Company and its Subsidiaries have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements, (C) there are no pending or threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and (D) there are no events or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or Governmental Entity, against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to Hazardous Materials or any Environmental Laws.

(bb)         Compliance with ERISA . (i) Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ ERISA ”), for which the Company or any member of its “Controlled Group” (defined as any organization which is a member of a controlled group of corporations within the meaning of Section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)) would have any liability (each, a “ Plan ”) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to, ERISA and the Code, except for noncompliance that could not reasonably be expected to result in material liability to the Company or its Subsidiaries; (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption that could reasonably be expected to result in a material liability to the Company or its subsidiaries; (iii) for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, the minimum funding standard of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, as applicable, has been satisfied (without taking into account any waiver thereof or extension of any amortization period) and is reasonably expected to be satisfied in the future (without taking into account any waiver thereof or extension of any amortization period); (iv) the fair market value of the assets of each Plan exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan); and (v) no “reportable event” (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur that either has resulted, or could reasonably be expected to result, in material liability to the Company or its Subsidiaries.

(cc)         Accounting and Disclosure Controls . The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain effective internal control over financial reporting (as defined under Rule 13-a15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act); a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (1) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (2) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company maintains an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15 and Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

(dd)         eXtensible Business Reporting Language . The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(ee)         Insurance . The Company and its Subsidiaries carry or are entitled to the benefits of insurance, with reputable insurers, in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company reasonably believes are generally maintained by companies of established repute engaged in the same or similar business, and all such insurance is in full force and effect. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any of its Subsidiaries will not be able (A) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (B) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. In the prior 12 months, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.

(ff)          No Unlawful Payments . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; or (iv) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment.

(gg)         Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, the “ Money Laundering Laws ”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing.

(hh)         OFAC . None of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“ OFAC ”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the sale of the Units, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any of its Subsidiaries, joint venture partners or other person, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

(ii)           No Restrictions on Subsidiaries . No Subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such Subsidiary’s capital stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such Subsidiary’s properties or assets to the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company.

(jj)           No Broker’s Fees . Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the Placement Agent for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares and the Warrants.

(kk)          No Stabilization . Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any affiliate of the Company has taken, directly or indirectly, any action which is designed, or would be expected, to cause or result in, or which has constituted, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares or Warrants or to result in a violation of Regulation M under the Exchange Act .

(ll)           Margin Rules . The application of the proceeds received by the Company from the issuance, sale and delivery of the Shares and the Warrants as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will not violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.

(mm)       Forward-Looking Statements . No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

(nn)         Statistical and Market-Related Data . Any statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably believes to be reliable and accurate.

(oo)         Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements . There are no off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Regulation S-K Item 303(a)(4)(ii)) that may have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

(pp)         Sarbanes-Oxley Act . The Company and each of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, has complied with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the “ Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”), including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

(qq)        Officer’s Certificates . Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries delivered to the Placement Agent or to counsel for the Placement Agent shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Placement Agent as to the matters covered thereby.

4.            Further Agreements of the Company . The Company covenants and agrees with the Placement Agent that:

(a)           Compliance with Securities Regulations and Commission Requests . The Company, subject to Section 4(b), will comply with the requirements of Rule 430B, and will notify the Placement Agent as soon as reasonably practicable, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement in connection with the sale of the Units shall become effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus shall have been filed, (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Commission, (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or for additional information, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes or of any examination pursuant to Section 8(e) of the Securities Act concerning the Registration Statement and (v) if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Units. The Company will affect all filings required under Rule 424(b), in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)), and will take such steps as it deems necessary to ascertain promptly whether the form of prospectus transmitted for filing under Rule 424(b) was received for filing by the Commission and, in the event that it was not, it will promptly file such prospectus. The Company will make every reasonable effort to prevent the issuance of any stop order, prevention or suspension and, if any such order is issued, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment.

(b)           Continued Compliance with Securities Laws . The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Units as contemplated in this Agreement, the Subscription Agreements and in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus relating to the Units is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172 under the Securities Act (“ Rule 172 ”), would be) required by the Securities Act to be delivered in connection with sales of the Units, any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Placement Agent or for the Company, to (i) amend the Registration Statement in order that the Registration Statement will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order that the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser or (iii) amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, in order to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Company will promptly (A) give the Placement Agent notice of such event, (B) prepare any amendment or supplement as may be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to make the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus comply with such requirements and, a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing or use, furnish the Placement Agent with copies of any such amendment or supplement and (C) file with the Commission any such amendment or supplement; provided that the Company shall not file or use any such amendment or supplement to which the Placement Agent or counsel for the Placement Agent shall reasonably object in writing. The Company will furnish to the Placement Agent such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Placement Agent may reasonably request. The Company has given the Placement Agent notice of any filings made pursuant to the Exchange Act within 48 hours prior to the Applicable Time; the Company will give the Placement Agent notice of its intention to make any such filing from the Applicable Time to the Closing Time and will furnish the Placement Agent with copies of any such documents a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Placement Agent or counsel for the Placement Agent shall reasonably object.

(c)           Delivery of Registration Statements . The Company has furnished or will deliver to the Placement Agent and counsel for the Placement Agent, without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith) and will also deliver to the Placement Agent, without charge, a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) for the Placement Agent. The copies of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto furnished to the Placement Agent will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

(d)           Delivery of Prospectuses . The Company has delivered to the Placement Agent, without charge, as many copies of each Preliminary Prospectus as the Placement Agent reasonably requested, and the Company hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the Securities Act. The Company will furnish to the Placement Agent, without charge, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Shares or Warrants is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, such number of copies of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) as the Placement Agent may reasonably request. The Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto furnished to the Placement Agent will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

(e)           Blue Sky Qualifications . The Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts, in cooperation with the Placement Agent, to qualify the Units for offering and sale under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Placement Agent may designate and as may be required and to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required to complete the distribution of the Units; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.

(f)           Rule 158 . The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the Exchange Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Placement Agent the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act.

(g)           Use of Proceeds . The Company will use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Units in the manner specified in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under “Use of Proceeds.”

(h)           Exchange Listing . The Company will use its best efforts to list, subject to notice of issuance, the Shares and the Warrant Shares on the NYSE MKT.

(i)           Restriction on Sale of Securities . During a period of 90 days from the date of the Prospectus, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, (i) directly or indirectly, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or file any registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any of the foregoing or (ii) enter into any swap or any other agreement or any transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such swap or transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (A) the Units to be sold by the Company hereunder, (B) any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon the exercise of an option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof and referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and (C) any shares of Common Stock issued or options to purchase Common Stock granted pursuant to existing employee benefit plans of the Company referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (1) during the last 17 days of the 90-day restricted period the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 90-day restricted period, the Company announces that it will issue an earnings release or becomes aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 90-day restricted period, the restrictions imposed in this clause (i) shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

(j)           Reporting Requirements . The Company, during the period when a Prospectus relating to the Units is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act. Additionally, the Company shall report the use of proceeds from the issuance of the Units as may be required under Rule 463 under the Securities Act.

(k)           Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses . The Company agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, it will not make any offer relating to the Units that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” or a portion thereof, required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433; provided that the Placement Agent will be deemed to have consented to the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses listed on Schedule I hereto and any “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) that has been reviewed by the Placement Agent. The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each such free writing prospectus consented to, or deemed consented to, by the Placement Agent as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and that it has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 with respect thereto, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Placement Agent and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.

(l)           No Stabilization . The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Company’s securities.

5.            Payment of Expenses . 

(a)           Expenses . The Company will pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and each amendment thereto, (ii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates for the Units to the Placement Agent, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any stamp or other duties payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Units to the Placement Agent, (iii) the fees and disbursements of the Company’s counsel, accountants and other advisors, (iv) the qualification of the Units under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of Section 4(e) hereof, including filing fees, (v) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Placement Agent of copies of each Preliminary Prospectus, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing by the Placement Agent to investors, (vi) the fees and expenses of the Company’s transfer agent and registrar for the Securities, (vii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show” undertaken in connection with the marketing of the Units, including without limitation, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations, travel and lodging expenses of officers of the Company and any such consultants in connection with the road show, (viii) the filing fees incident to, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Placement Agent in connection with, the review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Units (ix) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Shares and the Warrant Shares on the NYSE MKT and (x) the actual expenses reasonably incurred by the Placement Agent (including reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel and any other independent experts) up to an aggregate of $125,000.

(b)           Termination of Agreement . If this Agreement is terminated by the Placement Agent in accordance with the provisions of Section 6 or Section 9(a)(iv) hereof, the Company shall reimburse the Placement Agent for all of its out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Placement Agent.

6.            Conditions of Placement Agent’s Obligations . The obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder are subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein or in certificates of any officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries delivered pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:

(a)           Effectiveness of Registration Statement; Rule 430B Information . The Registration Statement, including any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, has become effective and at the Closing Time no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the Securities Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated; and the Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information. A prospectus containing the Rule 430B information that was omitted from the Registration Statement at the time it become effective but that is deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time frame required by Rule 424(b) without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) or a post-effective amendment providing such information shall have been filed with, and declared effective by, the Commission in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430B).

(b)           No Material Adverse Effect; Officers’ Certificate . At the Closing Time, there shall not have been, since the date hereof or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, any change resulting in a Material Adverse Effect, and the Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer or the President of the Company and of the chief financial or chief accounting officer of the Company, dated the Closing Time, to the effect that (i) there has been no such Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made at and as of the Closing Time, (iii) the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions herein on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to the Closing Time, and (iv) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Securities Act has been issued, no order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to its knowledge, contemplated.

(c)           Accountant’s Comfort Letter . At the time of the execution of this Agreement, the Placement Agent shall have received from BDO USA, LLP a letter, dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(d)           Bring-down Comfort Letter . At the Closing Time, the Placement Agent shall have received from BDO USA, LLP a letter, dated as of the Closing Time, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to subsection (c) of this Section, except that the specified date referred to shall be a date not more than four business days prior to the Closing Time.

(e)           Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Company . Gracin & Marlow, LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Placement Agent their written opinion and negative assurance statement, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Placement Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent.

(f)            Opinion and 10b-5 of Intellectual Property Counsels for the Company . Each of (i) Bingham McCutchen LLP, regulatory counsel for the Company, and (ii) Cooley, LLP, intellectual property counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Placement Agent their written opinion and negative assurance statement, dated the Closing Date, and addressed to the Placement Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent.

(g)           Opinion of Nevada Counsel for the Company . Parsons Behle & Latimer, Nevada counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Placement Agent their written opinion, dated the Closing Date, and addressed to the Placement Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent.

(h)           Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Placement Agent . The Placement Agent shall have received on and as of the Closing Date, an opinion and negative assurance statement of Goodwin Procter LLP, counsel for the Placement Agent, with respect to such matters as the Placement Agent may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

(i)            No Legal Impediment to Issuance and/or Sale . No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Units by the Company; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Units by the Company.

(j)            Good Standing . The Placement Agent shall have received on and as of the Closing Date satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its subsidiaries in their respective jurisdictions of organization and their good standing as foreign entities in such other jurisdictions as the Placement Agent may reasonably request, in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions.

(k)           Exchange Listing . At the Closing Time, the Shares and the Warrant Shares shall have been approved for listing on the NYSE MKT, subject only to official notice of issuance.

(l)            No Objection . FINRA shall have not raised any unresolved objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements relating to the offering of the Units.

(m)           Lock-up Agreements . At the date of this Agreement, the Placement Agent shall have received an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit D hereto signed by the persons listed on Schedule III hereto.

(n)           Secretary’s Certificate . The Company shall have furnished to the Placement Agent a Secretary’s Certificate of the Company, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Placement Agent and customary for the type of offering contemplated by this Agreement.

(o)           Additional Documents . At the Closing Time, counsel for the Placement Agent shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may reasonably require for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Units as herein contemplated, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Units as herein contemplated shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Placement Agent and counsel for the Placement Agent.

(p)           Termination of Agreement . If any condition specified in this Section shall not have been fulfilled when and as required to be fulfilled, this Agreement may be terminated by the Placement Agent by notice to the Company at any time at or prior to Closing Time, and such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 5 and except that Sections 7, 13, 14 and 15 shall survive any such termination and remain in full force and effect.

All opinions, letters, certificates and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Placement Agent.

7.            Indemnification and Contribution .

(a)           Indemnification of the Placement Agent by the Company . The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Placement Agent, its affiliates, (as such term is defined in Rule 501(b) under the Securities Act (each, an “ Affiliate ”)), its agents and each person, if any, who controls the Placement Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:

(i)        against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, arising out of or based on any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or arising out of or based on any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in or incorporated by reference in any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Units, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(ii)        against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 7(e) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company;

(iii)       against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by the Placement Agent), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) though (ii) above;

provided, however , that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Placement Agent Information.

(b)           Indemnification of the Company . The Placement Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in subsection (a) of this Section, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Placement Agent Information. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6(b) , in no event shall any indemnity by the Placement Agent under this Section 6(b) exceed the Placement Fee.

(c)           Actions against Parties; Notification . Each indemnified party shall give notice as promptly as reasonably practicable to each indemnifying party of any action commenced against it in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, but failure to so notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve such indemnifying party from any liability hereunder to the extent it is not materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) as a result thereof and in any event shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have otherwise than on account of this indemnity agreement. In the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 7(a) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Placement Agent and be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, and, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 7(b) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Company and be reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent. An indemnifying party may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action; provided, however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the consent of the indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. Except as set forth above, in no event shall the indemnifying parties be liable for fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from its own counsel for all indemnified parties in connection with any one action or separate but similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under this Section 7 (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(d)           Settlement without Consent if Failure to Reimburse. If at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 7(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.

(e)           Contribution . If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is for any reason unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount of such losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by such indemnified party, as incurred, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other hand, from the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and of the Placement Agent, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses but after deducting the Placement Fee) received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Fee received by the Placement Agent, on the other hand, in each case as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate public offering price of the Units as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Placement Agent with respect to the Placement Agent Information and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Placement Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7(e) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Placement Agent was treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section 7(e). The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this Section 7(e) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7(e), the Placement Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the Placement Fee less the amount of any damages which the Placement Agent has otherwise paid or become liable to pay by reason of any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.

(f)           No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Placement Agent’s obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7(e) are several in proportion to its obligations hereunder and not joint.

For purposes of this Section 9(e), each person, if any, who controls the Placement Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act and the Placement Agent’s Affiliates and selling agents shall have the same rights to contribution as the Placement Agent, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.

8.             Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive . All representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Placement Agent or its Affiliates or selling agents, any person controlling the Placement Agent, its officers or directors, any person controlling the Company and (ii) issuance and delivery of the Units.

9.             Termination .

(a)           Termination . The Placement Agent may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, at any time at or prior to the Closing Time (i) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries considered as one enterprise has suffered any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, (iii) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of the Placement Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Units or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Units, (iv) if trading in any securities of the Company has been suspended or materially limited by the Commission or the NYSE MKT, (v) if trading generally on the NYSE MKT or the NASDAQ has been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices have been required, by any of said exchanges or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority, (vi) a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States or (vii) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either Federal or New York authorities.

(b)           Liabilities . If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 5 hereof, and provided further that Sections 7, 13, 14 and 15 shall survive such termination and remain in full force and effect.

10.           Notices .

All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing or by facsimile, and:

(a)          if to the Placement Agent, shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to:

William Blair & Company, L.L.C.

222 West Adams

Chicago, Illinois 60606

Attention: Managing Director

Facsimile No.: (312) 470-2944

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Goodwin Procter LLP

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

Attention: Michael D. Maline, Esq.

Facsimile No.: (212) 355-3333

(b)          if to the Company shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to:

Synthetic Biologics, Inc.

617 Detroit Street, Suite 100

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Facsimile No.: (734) 332-7878

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Gracin & Marlow, LLP

405 Lexington Avenue

26 ^th Floor

New York, New York 10174

Attention: Leslie Marlow

Facsimile No.: (212) 208-4657

(a)          Any such notice shall be effective only upon receipt. Any party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.

11.          No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship . The Company acknowledges and agrees that (a) the purchase and sale of the Units pursuant to this Agreement and the Subscription Agreements, including the determination of the public offering price of the Shares and Warrants and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering of the Units and the process leading thereto, the Placement Agent is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its respective stockholders, creditors, employees or any other party, (c) the Placement Agent has not assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the offering of the Units or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether the Placement Agent has advised or is currently advising the Company or any of its Subsidiaries on other matters) and the Placement Agent has no obligation to the Company with respect to the offering of the Units except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Placement Agent and its respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of each of the Company, and (e) the Placement Agent has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering of the Units and the Company has consulted its own respective legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.

12.          Parties . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Placement Agent, the Company and their respective successors. Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm or corporation, other than the Placement Agent, the Company and their respective successors and the controlling persons and officers and directors referred to in Section 7 and their heirs and legal representatives, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Placement Agent and the Company and their respective successors, and said controlling persons and officers and directors and their heirs and legal representatives, and for the benefit of no other person, firm or corporation.

13.          Trial by Jury . The Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates) and the Placement Agent hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

14.          GOVERNING LAW . THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF, THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

15.          Consent to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunity . Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (“ Related Proceedings ”) may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan, or the courts of the State of New York, in each case located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan (collectively, the “ Specified Courts ”), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court (a “ Related Judgment ”), as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

16.          TIME . TIME SHALL BE OF THE ESSENCE OF THIS AGREEMENT. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE SET FORTH HEREIN, SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.

17.          Partial Unenforceability . The invalidity or unenforceability of any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other Section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable

18.          Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same Agreement.

19.          Effect of Headings . The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

[Remainder of page is blank]

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below.

Signature Page

Schedule I

Issuer General Free Writing Prospectuses

None.

Schedule III

Officers, Directors and Shareholders Executing Lock-Up Agreement

Jeffrey Riley

C. Evan Ballantyne

Jeffrey J. Kraws

Scott L. Tarriff

Jeffrey Wolf

Randal J. Kirk

Intrexon Corporation

NRM VII Holdings I, LLC

Exhibit A

Form of Subscription Agreement

Exhibit B

Form of Warrant

Exhibit C

Pricing Information

Number of Shares to be Issued and Sold: 14,059,616

Number of Warrant Shares into which the Warrants are Exercisable: 7,029,808

Offering Price per Unit: $1.47

Placement Agency Fees: 7.0%

Exhibit D

Form of Lock-Up Agreement

October __, 2014

William Blair & Company, L.L.C.

222 West Adams

Chicago, Illinois 60606

Re: Proposed Public Offering by Synthetic Biologics, Inc.

Dear Sirs:

The undersigned, a securityholder of Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “ Company ”), understands that William Blair & Company, L.L.C. (“ William Blair ”) proposes to enter into a Placement Agency Agreement (the “ Placement Agency Agreement ”) with the Company providing for the offering of shares (the “ Shares ”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”). In recognition of the benefit that such an offering will confer upon the undersigned as a securityholder of the Company, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees with William Blair that, during a period commencing on the date hereof and ending on the 90th day after the date of the Placement Agency Agreement (the “ Lock-Up Period ”), the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of William Blair, directly or indirectly, (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of, or otherwise dispose of or transfer any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock, whether now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, or file, or cause to be filed, any registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to any of the foregoing (collectively, the “ Lock-Up Securities ”) or (ii) enter into any swap or any other agreement or any transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, and subject to the conditions below, the undersigned may transfer the Lock-Up Securities without the prior written consent of William Blair, provided that (1) William Blair receives a signed lock-up agreement for the balance of the Lock-up Period from each donee, trustee, distributee, or transferee, as the case may be, (2) any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, (3) such transfers are not required to be reported with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 4 in accordance with Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (4) neither the undersigned nor any donee, trustee, distributee or transferee, as the case may be, otherwise voluntarily effects any public filing or report regarding such transfers:

(i) as a bona fide gift or gifts; or

(ii) to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned (for purposes of this lock-up agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin); or

(iii) as a distribution to limited partners or stockholders of the undersigned; or

(iv) to the undersigned’s affiliates or to any investment fund or other entity controlled or managed by the undersigned.

Furthermore, the undersigned may (a) transfer shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into Common Stock by will or intestate succession and (b) sell shares of Common Stock of the Company purchased by the undersigned on the open market following the offering if and only if (i) such sales are not required to be reported in any public report or filing with the Securities Exchange Commission, or otherwise, and (ii) neither the undersigned nor any purchaser of the Common Stock otherwise voluntarily effects any public filing or report or other public notice regarding such sales.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if:

(1) during the last 17 days of the Lock-Up Period, the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs; or

(2) prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results or becomes aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, William Blair may extend, by written notice to the Company, the restrictions imposed by this lock-up agreement until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event, as applicable.

The undersigned hereby acknowledges and agrees that written notice of any extension of the Lock-Up Period pursuant to the previous paragraph will be delivered by William Blair to the Company (in accordance with the notice section of the Placement Agency Agreement) and that any such notice properly delivered will be deemed to have been given to, and received by, the undersigned. The undersigned further agrees that, prior to engaging in any transaction or taking any other action that is subject to the terms of this lock-up agreement during the period from the date of this lock-up agreement to and including the 34th day following the expiration of the initial Lock-Up Period, it will give notice thereof to the Company and will not consummate such transaction or take any such action unless it has received written confirmation from the Company that the Lock-Up Period (as may have been extended pursuant to the previous paragraph) has expired.

The undersigned may exercise options or warrants to purchase Common Stock that are outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided, in such case, that the shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise shall remain subject to this Lock-up Agreement.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this letter agreement shall restrict (a) the exchange of Company securities in connection with a split, reclassification or recombination of the Company’s shares; (b) the right of the Company to repurchase from the undersigned (or the right of the undersigned to sell or transfer to the Company) shares of Common Stock issued under the Company’s equity incentive plans or under agreements pursuant to which such shares were issued (or related agreements providing the Company with a right to purchase such shares or that the shares may be forfeited to the Company); or (c) any transfers of Common Stock for the purpose of satisfying the exercise price and/or tax withholding obligations upon exercise of stock options outstanding on the date of this lock-up agreement (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not include “cashless” exercise programs involving a broker or other third party), provided, that any disclosure of such transfer shall specify that such transfer is for the purpose of net share settlement.

This letter agreement shall automatically terminate upon (a) the termination of the Placement Agency Agreement prior to the issuance and delivery of the Shares, (b) the date that either the Company or William Blair provides written notice to the other that it has determined not to proceed with the proposed offering and, with respect to the Company, is terminating this letter agreement on behalf of all of the Company’s holders of Lock-Up Securities, provided that the Company and William Blair shall not have executed the Placement Agency Agreement on or prior to such date. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this letter agreement shall lapse and become null and void if the closing of the offering shall not have occurred on or before October 31, 2014.

The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the Lock-Up Securities except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.