UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

x Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For Quarterly Period ended June 30, 2016

 

¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

For the transition period from                      to                       .

 

Commission File Number: 001-36357

 

 

 

LIPOCINE INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware 99-0370688

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

   

675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 202,

Salt Lake City, Utah

84108
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

 

801-994-7383

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes:   x No   ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§220.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x
       
Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   x

 

Outstanding Shares

 

As of August 9, 2016, the registrant had 18,258,901 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

 

 

     

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

    Page
   
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
     
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) 3
     
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 17
     
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks 27
     
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 27
   
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION  
     
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 28
     
Item 1A. Risk Factors 28
     
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 34
     
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 34
     
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 34
     
Item 5. Other Information 34
     
Item 6. Exhibits 34

 

  2  

 

 

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

ITEM  1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

 

LIPOCINE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

 

    June 30,     December 31,  
    2016     2015  
             
Assets            
Current assets:                
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 12,373,115     $ 20,007,659  
Marketable investment securities     20,565,077       24,375,168  
Accrued interest income     104,902       144,536  
Prepaid and other current assets     154,030       350,160  
Total current assets     33,197,124       44,877,523  
                 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,076,238 and $1,060,750, respectively     119,912       75,750  
Long-term marketable investment securities     -       400,252  
Other assets     30,753       23,753  
Total assets   $ 33,347,789     $ 45,377,278  
                 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                
Current liabilities:                
Accounts payable   $ 989,026     $ 507,067  
Accrued expenses     1,595,538       2,884,794  
Total current liabilities     2,584,564       3,391,861  
Total liabilities     2,584,564       3,391,861  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (notes 7 and 9)                
                 
Stockholders' equity:                
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; zero issued and outstanding     -       -  
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 18,257,901 and 18,250,456 issued and 18,252,191 and 18,244,746 outstanding     1,825       1,825  
Additional paid-in capital     130,011,177       128,502,659  
Treasury stock at cost, 5,710 shares     (40,712 )     (40,712 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)     5,946       (32,900 )
Accumulated deficit     (99,215,011 )     (86,445,455 )
                 
Total stockholders' equity     30,763,225       41,985,417  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 33,347,789     $ 45,377,278  

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

 

  3  

 

 

LIPOCINE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

 

    Three Months Ending June 30,     Six Months Ending June 30,  
    2016     2015     2016     2015  
                         
Operating expenses:                                
Research and development   $ 2,567,701     $ 3,161,908     $ 5,241,092     $ 5,080,603  
General and administrative     3,247,419       1,115,835       7,644,432       2,171,379  
Total operating expenses     5,815,120       4,277,743       12,885,524       7,251,982  
Operating loss     (5,815,120 )     (4,277,743 )     (12,885,524 )     (7,251,982 )
Other income, net     55,009       31,297       116,668       49,930  
Loss before income tax expense     (5,760,111 )     (4,246,446 )     (12,768,856 )     (7,202,052 )
Income tax expense     -       -       (700 )     (200 )
Net loss   $ (5,760,111 )   $ (4,246,446 )   $ (12,769,556 )   $ (7,202,252 )
                                 
Basic loss per share attributable to common stock   $ (0.32 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.70 )   $ (0.49 )
                                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic     18,251,683       16,496,239       18,251,794       14,667,943  
                                 
Diluted loss per share attributable to common stock   $ (0.32 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.70 )   $ (0.49 )
                                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted     18,251,683       16,496,239       18,251,794       14,667,943  
                                 
Comprehensive loss:                                
Net loss   $ (5,760,111 )   $ (4,246,446 )   $ (12,769,556 )   $ (7,202,252 )
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities     3,051       (10,085 )     38,846       (10,085 )
Comprehensive loss   $ (5,757,060 )   $ (4,256,531 )   $ (12,730,710 )   $ (7,212,337 )

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

 

  4  

 

 

LIPOCINE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

  

    Six Months Ending June 30,  
    2016     2015  
             
Cash flows from operating activities:                
Net loss   $ (12,769,556 )   $ (7,202,252 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:                
Depreciation and amortization     15,488       8,717  
Stock-based compensation expense     1,474,269       387,779  
Accretion of premium on marketable investment securities     165,994       754  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:                
Accrued interest income     39,634       (99,451 )
Prepaid and other current assets     196,130       48,637  
Accounts payable     481,959       30,104  
Accrued expenses     (1,289,256 )     (61,068 )
Cash used in operating activities     (11,685,338 )     (6,886,780 )
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:                
Purchases of property and equipment     (59,650 )     (14,779 )
Purchases of marketable investment securities     (3,976,805 )     (15,125,944 )
Maturities of marketable investment securities     8,060,000       -  
Payment of rental deposit     (7,000 )     -  
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities     4,016,545       (15,140,723 )
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:                
Proceeds from stock option exercises     34,249       156,961  
Net proceeds from common stock offering     -       32,501,750  
Cash provided by financing activities     34,249       32,658,711  
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents     (7,634,544 )     10,631,208  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period     20,007,659       27,666,055  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 12,373,115     $ 38,297,263  
                 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:                
Accrued common stock offering costs   $ -     $ 62,437  
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities     38,846       (10,085 )
Cash paid for income taxes     700       200  

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

 

  5  

 

 

LIPOCINE INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

 

(1) Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Lipocine Inc. (“Lipocine” or the “Company”) in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are comprised of the financial statements of Lipocine and its subsidiaries collectively referred to as the Company. In management's opinion, the interim financial data presented includes all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring items) necessary for fair presentation. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain information required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles has been condensed or omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the SEC. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period or for the year ending December 31, 2016.

 

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions relating to reporting of the assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

 

(2) Earnings (Loss) per Share

 

Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net income (loss) available to common shareholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was calculated using the two-class method, which is an earnings (loss) allocation method for computing earnings (loss) per share when an entity’s capital structure includes common stock and participating securities. The two-class method determines earnings (losses) per share based on dividends declared on common stock and participating securities (i.e., distributed earnings) and participation rights of participating securities in any undistributed earnings (loss). The application of the two-class method was required since the Company’s unvested restricted stock contains non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents. However, unvested restricted stock grants are not included in computing basic earnings (loss) per share for periods where the Company has losses as these securities are not contractually obligated to share in losses of the Company.

 

Diluted earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus, where applicable, the additional potential common shares that would have been outstanding related to dilutive options, warrants, unvested restricted stock units and unvested restricted stock to the extent such shares are dilutive.

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

 

  6  

 

 

    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2016     2015     2016     2015  
Basic loss per share attributable to common stock:                                
Numerator                                
Net loss   $ (5,760,111 )   $ (4,246,446 )   $ (12,769,556 )   $ (7,202,252 )
                                 
Denominator                                
Weighted avg. common shares outstanding     18,251,683       16,496,239       18,251,794       14,667,943  
                                 
Basic loss per share attributable to  common stock   $ (0.32 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.70 )   $ (0.49 )
                                 
Diluted loss per share attributable to common stock:                                
Numerator                                
Net loss   $ (5,760,111 )   $ (4,246,446 )   $ (12,769,556 )   $ (7,202,252 )
Denominator                                
Weighted avg. common shares outstanding     18,251,683       16,496,239       18,251,794       14,667,943  
                                 
Diluted loss per share attributable to common stock   $ (0.32 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.70 )   $ (0.49 )

 

The computation of diluted loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 does not include the following stock options, unvested restricted stock, and warrants to purchase shares in the computation of diluted loss per share because these instruments were antidilutive:

 

    June 30,  
    2016     2015  
Stock options     2,292,107       1,660,823  
Unvested restricted stock     1,000       5,000  
Warrants     -       20,467  

 

(3) Marketable Investment Securities

 

The Company has classified its marketable investment securities as available-for-sale securities. These securities are carried at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity until realized. Gains and losses on investment security transactions are reported on the specific-identification method. Dividend income is recognized on the ex-dividend date and interest income is recognized on an accrual basis. The amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses, and fair value for available-for-sale securities by major security type and class of security at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:

 

  7  

 

 

June 30, 2016   Amortized
Cost
    Gross
unrealized
holding
gains
    Gross
unrealized
holding
losses
    Aggregate
fair value
 
                         
Government notes   $ 3,567,874     $ 3,803     $ -     $ 3,571,677  
Corporate bonds and notes     16,991,257       3,363       (1,220 )     16,993,400  
                                 
    $ 20,559,131     $ 7,166     $ (1,220 )   $ 20,565,077  

 

December 31, 2015   Amortized
Cost
    Gross
unrealized
holding
gains
    Gross
unrealized
holding
losses
    Aggregate
fair value
 
                         
Government notes   $ 802,862     $ -     $ (750 )   $ 802,112  
Corporate bonds and notes     24,005,458       594       (32,744 )     23,973,308  
                                 
    $ 24,808,320     $ 594     $ (33,494 )   $ 24,775,420  

 

Maturities of debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2016 are as follows:

 

June 30, 2016   Amortized
Cost
    Aggregate
fair value
 
Due within one year   $ 20,559,131     $ 20,565,077  
Due after one year through five years     -       -  
Due after five years     -       -  
    $ 20,559,131     $ 20,565,077  

 

There were no sales of marketable investment securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 and therefore no realized gains or losses. Additionally, $8.1 million and zero of marketable investment securities matured during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company determined there were no other-than-temporary impairments for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

 

  8  

 

 

(4) Fair Value

 

The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:

 

Level 1 Inputs: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

 

Level 2 Inputs: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuation in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

 

Level 3 Inputs: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

 

All of the Company’s financial instruments are valued using quoted prices in active markets or based on other observable inputs. For prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The following table presents the placement in the fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

 

          Fair value measurements at reporting date using  
    June 30, 2016     Level 1 inputs     Level 2 inputs     Level 3 inputs  
                         
Assets:                                
Cash equivalents - money market funds   $ 4,500,555     $ 4,500,555     $ -     $ -  
                                 
Government notes     3,571,677       3,571,677       -       -  
                                 
Corporate bonds and notes     16,993,400       -       16,993,400       -  
                                 
    $ 25,065,632     $ 8,072,232     $ 16,993,400     $ -  

 

          Fair value measurements at reporting date using  
    December 31,
2015
    Level 1 inputs     Level 2 inputs     Level 3 inputs  
                         
Assets:                                
Cash equivalents - money market funds   $ 127,905     $ 127,905     $ -     $ -  
                                 
Government notes     802,112       802,112       -       -  
                                 
Corporate bonds and notes     23,973,308       -       23,973,308       -  
                                 
    $ 24,903,325     $ 930,017     $ 23,973,308     $ -  

 

  9  

 

 

The following methods and assumptions were used to determine the fair value of each class of assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the balance sheets:

 

Cash equivalents: Cash equivalents primarily consist of highly rated money market funds and commercial paper with original maturities to the Company of three months or less, and are purchased daily at par value with specified yield rates. Cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices or broker or dealer quotations for similar assets.

 

Government notes: The Company uses a third-party pricing service to value these investments. The pricing service utilizes quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and reportable trades.

 

Corporate bonds and notes: The Company uses a third-party pricing service to value these investments. The pricing service utilizes broker/dealer quotes, bids and offers, benchmark yields and credit spreads and other observable inputs.

 

The Company’s accounting policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers into or out of Level 1 or Level 2 for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

 

(5) Income Taxes

 

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the Company’s effective tax rate for the full year adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment.

 

At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, net of expected reversals of existing deferred tax liabilities, as it believes it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized.

 

(6) Collaborative Agreements

 

(a) Abbott Products, Inc.

 

On March 29, 2012, the Company terminated its collaborative agreement with Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (later acquired by Abbott Products, Inc.) for LPCN 1021. As part of the termination, the Company reacquired the rights to the intellectual property from Abbott. All obligations under the prior license agreement have been completed except that Lipocine will owe Abbott a perpetual 1% royalty on net sales. Such royalties are limited to $1.0 million in the first two calendar years following product launch, after which period there is not a cap on royalties and no maximum aggregate amount. If generic versions of any such product are introduced, then royalties are reduced by 50%. The Company did not incur any royalties during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

 

(b) Contract Research and Development

 

The Company has entered into agreements with various contract organizations that conduct preclinical, clinical, analytical and manufacturing development work on behalf of the Company as well as a number of independent contractors, primarily clinical researchers, who serve as advisors to the Company. The Company incurred expenses of $1.9 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and $3.7 million and $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 under these agreements and has recorded these expenses in research and development expenses.

 

(7) Leases

 

On August 6, 2004, the Company assumed a non-cancelable operating lease for office space and laboratory facilities in Salt Lake City, Utah. On May 6, 2014, the Company modified and extended the lease through February 28, 2018. Additionally, on December 28, 2015, the Company entered into an operating lease for office space in Lawrenceville, New Jersey through January 31, 2018. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2016 are:

 

  10  

 

 

    Operating  
    leases  
Year ending December 31:        
2016     189,550  
2017     387,119  
2018     58,903  
         
Total minimum lease payments   $ 635,572  

 

The Company’s rent expense was $88,000 and $73,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 and $184,000 and $147,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

 

(8) Stockholders’ Equity

 

(a) Issuance of Common Stock

 

On April 29, 2015, the Company sold 5,347,500 shares of common stock in an underwritten offering. Net proceeds to the Company from the sale totaled approximately $32.4 million, after deducting the direct and incremental expenses of the offering and the commissions in connection with the offering paid by the Company of $2.3 million.

 

(b) Rights Agreement

 

On November 13, 2015, the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as Rights Agent, entered into a Rights Agreement. Also on November 12, 2015, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized and the Company declared a dividend of one preferred stock purchase right (each a “Right” and collectively, the “Rights”) for each outstanding share of common stock of the Company. The dividend was payable to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 30, 2015 and entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a fully paid non-assessable share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Company at a price of $63.96 per one-thousandth share (the “Purchase Price”). The Rights will generally become exercisable upon the earlier to occur of (i) 10 business days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has become an Acquiring Person (as defined below) or (ii) 10 business days (or such later date as may be determined by action of the board of directors prior to such time as any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of, or announcement of an intention to make, a tender offer or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in the beneficial ownership by a person or group of 15% or more of the outstanding common stock of the Company. Except in certain situations, a person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an “Acquiring Person” upon acquiring beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company.

 

In general, in the event a person becomes an Acquiring Person, then each Right not owned by such Acquiring Person will entitle its holder to purchase from the Company, at the Right’s then current exercise price, in lieu of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, common stock of the Company with a market value of twice the Purchase Price.

 

In addition, if after any person has become an Acquiring Person, (a) the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination, or (b) 50% or more of the Company’s assets, or assets accounting for 50% or more of its earning power, are sold, leased, exchanged or otherwise transferred (in one or more transactions), proper provision shall be made so that each holder of a Right (other than the Acquiring Person, its affiliates and associates and certain transferees thereof, whose Rights became void) shall thereafter have the right to purchase from the acquiring corporation, for the Purchase Price, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring corporation which at the time of such transaction would have a market value of twice the Purchase Price.

 

  11  

 

 

The Company will be entitled to redeem the Rights at $0.001 per Right at any time prior to the time an Acquiring Person becomes such. The terms of the Rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement, which is summarized in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 13, 2015. The rights plan will expire on November 12, 2018, unless the rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged by the Company.

 

(c) Share-Based Payments

 

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for grants of stock option awards, restricted stock units and restricted stock under the Company’s Incentive Plan to employees and nonemployee members of the Company’s board of directors based on the grant-date fair value of those awards. The grant-date fair value of an award is generally recognized as compensation expense over the award’s requisite service period. In addition, the Company grants stock options to nonemployee consultants from time to time in exchange for services performed for the Company. Equity instruments granted to nonemployees are subject to periodic revaluation over their vesting terms.

 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to compute the estimated fair value of stock option awards. Using this model, fair value is calculated based on assumptions with respect to (i) expected volatility of the Company’s common stock price, (ii) the periods of time over which employees and members of the board of directors are expected to hold their options prior to exercise (expected term), (iii) expected dividend yield on the Common Stock, and (iv) risk-free interest rates. Stock-based compensation expense also includes an estimate, which is made at the time of grant, of the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited. This estimate is revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Stock-based compensation cost that has been expensed in the statements of operations amounted to $741,000 and $209,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 and $1,474,000 and $388,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, allocated as follows:

 

    Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
    2016     2015     2016     2015  
                         
Research and development   $ 144,875     $ 40,852     $ 329,299     $ 107,544  
General and administrative     595,892       168,155       1,144,970       280,235  
                                 
    $ 740,767     $ 209,007     $ 1,474,269     $ 387,779  

  

The Company issued 55,000 and 188,500 stock options during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 and 602,000 and 188,500 stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

 

Key assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of stock options granted are as follows:

 

Expected Term : The expected term represents the period that the stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. Due to limited historical experience of similar awards, the expected term was estimated using the simplified method in accordance with the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment, for awards with stated or implied service periods. The simplified method defines the expected term as the average of the contractual term and the vesting period of the stock option. For awards with performance conditions, and that have the contractual term to satisfy the performance condition, the contractual term was used.

 

Risk-Free Interest Rate : The risk-free interest rate used was based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent remaining term.

 

Expected Dividend : The expected dividend assumption is based on management’s current expectation about the Company’s anticipated dividend policy. The Company does not anticipate declaring dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

Expected Volatility : Since the Company did not have sufficient trading history, the volatility factor was based on the average of similar public companies through August 2014. When selecting similar companies, the Company considered the industry, stage of life cycle, size, and financial leverage. Beginning in August 2014, the volatility factor was based on a combination of the Company's trading history since March 2014 and the average of similar public companies.

 

  12  

 

 

For options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company calculated the fair value of each option grant on the respective dates of grant using the following weighted average assumptions:

 

    2016   2015  
Expected term     5.83     years     5.70     years  
Risk-free interest rate     1.68 %         1.66 %      
Expected dividend yield                      
Expected volatility     82.33 %         80.95 %      

 

FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation requires the Company to recognize compensation expense for the portion of options that are expected to vest. Therefore, the Company applied estimated forfeiture rates that were derived from historical employee termination behavior. If the actual number of forfeitures differs from those estimated by management, additional adjustments to compensation expense may be required in future periods.

 

As of June 30, 2016, there was $5.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Company’s stock option plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. The weighted average fair value of share-based compensation awards granted during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was approximately $8.29 per share and $5.06 per share, respectively.

 

(d) Stock Option Plan

 

In April 2014, the board of directors adopted the 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan ("2014 Plan") subject to shareholder approval which was received in June 2014. The 2014 Plan provides for the granting of nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock and dividend equivalents. An aggregate of 1,000,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan. Additionally, 271,906 remaining authorized shares under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan ("2011 Plan") were issuable under the 2014 Plan at the time of the 2014 Plan adoption. Upon receiving shareholder approval in June 2016, the 2014 Plan was amended and restated to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock of the Company issuable under all awards granted under the 2014 Plan from 1,271,906 to 2,471,906. In January 2011, the board of directors adopted the 2011 Plan that provides for the granting of nonqualified and incentive stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock. The 2011 Plan assumed all of the obligations, which existed under the previous 2000 Stock Option Plan. Under the 2011 Plan, the Company has granted nonqualified and incentive stock options for the purchase of common stock to directors, employees and nonemployees providing services to the Company. The board of directors, on an option-by-option basis, determines the number of shares, exercise price, term, and vesting period. Options granted generally have a ten-year contractual life. The Company issues shares of common stock upon the exercise of options with the source of those shares of common stock being either newly issued shares or shares held in treasury. An aggregate of 2,471,906 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan, with 1,352,687 shares remaining available for grant as of June 30, 2016.

 

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

 

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    Outstanding stock options  
    Number of
shares
    Weighted average
exercise price
 
Balance at December 31, 2015     1,722,552     $ 5.21  
Options granted     602,000       11.90  
Options exercised     (5,445 )     6.29  
Options forfeited     (27,000 )     11.34  
Options cancelled     -       -  
Balance at June 30, 2016     2,292,107       6.89  
                 
Options exercisable at June 30, 2016     1,416,705       4.20  

 

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2016:

 

Options outstanding     Options exercisable  
  Number
outstanding
    Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
(Years)
    Weighted
average
exercise
price
    Aggregate intrinsic
value
    Number
exerciseable
    Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
(Years)
    Weighted
average
exercise
price
    Aggregate
intrinsic
value
 
                                                             
  2,292,107       6.83     $ 6.89     $ 233,577       1,416,705       5.31     $ 4.20     $ 233,577  

 

The intrinsic value for stock options is defined as the difference between the current market value and the exercise price. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $22,000 and $230,000. There were 5,445 and 55,858 stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

 

(e) Restricted Common Stock

 

A summary of restricted common stock activity is as follows:

 

    Number of
unvested restricted
shares
 
       
Balance at December 31, 2015     3,000  
Granted     -  
Vested     (2,000 )
Cancelled     -  
Balance at June 30, 2016     1,000  

 

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(f) Warrants

 

For charitable purposes, on December 23, 2003, the Company granted warrants to a local university for 20,467 shares of common stock at a price of $12.21 per share with an original expiration date of December 31, 2010. In January 2011, the Company extended the term to December 31, 2015 at the same price. The warrants were not exercised by December 31, 2015 and were cancelled.

 

(9) Commitments and Contingencies

 

Litigation

The Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims and other legal matters from time to time that arise in the ordinary course of conducting business. The Company records a liability when a particular contingency is probable and estimable. The Company has not accrued for any contingency at June 30, 2016 as the Company does not consider any contingency to be probable nor estimable. The Company faces contingencies that are reasonably possible to occur; however, they cannot currently be estimated. While complete assurance cannot be given to the outcome of these proceedings, management does not currently believe that any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

 

Guarantees and Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements, such as lease agreements, licensing agreements, clinical trial agreements, and certain services agreements, containing standard guarantee and / or indemnifications provisions. Additionally, the Company has indemnified its directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

(10) Spriaso, LLC

 

On July 23, 2013, the Company entered into an assignment/license and a services agreement with Spriaso, a related-party that is majority-owned by certain current and former directors of Lipocine Inc. and their affiliates. Under the license agreement, the Company assigned and transferred to Spriaso all of the Company’s rights, title and interest in its intellectual property to develop products for the cough and cold field. In addition, Spriaso received all rights and obligations under the Company’s product development agreement with a third-party. In exchange, the Company will receive a royalty of 20 percent of the net proceeds received by Spriaso, up to a maximum of $10.0 million. Spriaso also granted back to the Company an exclusive license to such intellectual property to develop products outside of the cough and cold field. Under the service agreement, the Company provided facilities and up to 10 percent of the services of certain employees to Spriaso for a period of 18 months which expired January 23, 2015. Effective January 23, 2015, the Company entered into an amended services agreement with Spriaso in which the Company agreed to continue providing up to 10 percent of the services of certain employees to Spriaso at a rate of $230/hour for a period of six months. The agreement was further amended on July 23, 2015, on January 23, 2016 and again on July 23, 2016 to extend the term of the agreement for an additional six months. The agreement may be extended upon written agreement of Spriaso and the Company. The Company received reimbursements of $3,100 and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and received reimbursements of $3,100 and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. Spriaso filed its first NDA and as an affiliated entity of the Company, it used up the one-time waiver for user fees for a small business submitting its first human drug application to the FDA. Spriaso is considered a variable interest entity under the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 810-10, Consolidations , however the Company is not the primary beneficiary and has therefore not consolidated Spriaso.

 

(11) Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses . The new standard amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (i.e., modified retrospective approach). The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and the timing of adoption.

 

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In, March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting , which amends ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation . The objective of this amendment is part of the FASB’s Simplification Initiative as it applies to several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The standard becomes effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 , and allows for prospective, retrospective or modified retrospective adoption, depending on the area covered in the update, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and the timing of adoption.

 

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02 , Leases, which provides new guidance for lease accounting including recognizing most leases on-balance sheet. The standard becomes effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method for all entities. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2 016-01, Financial Instruments, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , which provides new guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial assets and liabilities. The standard becomes effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect, if any, that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes , which requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current on the balance sheet. The standard may be adopted on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe this pronouncement will have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

 

In August 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern . ASU 2014-15 provides guidance regarding management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there exists substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter. The Company does not believe this pronouncement will have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) with amendments in 2015 (ASU 2015-14) and 2016 (ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-12) . The updated standard is a new comprehensive revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner that depicts the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In July 2015, the FASB voted to approve the deferral of the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. Therefore, ASU 2014-09 will become effective for the Company in the first quarter of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but not earlier than the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 2017. The ASU allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. The Company has not yet selected a transition method, and the Company is currently evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

(12) Subsequent Events

 

On July 13, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a restructuring and reduction in force plan of eight employees, constituting approximately 33% of the Company’s workforce.

 

The Company estimates it will incur approximately $370,000 of cash expenditures, substantially all of which will be severance costs. Total restructuring expenses are estimated at $135,000, which is lower than cash restructuring costs due to a credit related to non-cash stock-based compensation expenses reversals for unvested stock awards. The Company expects to recognize most of these restructuring charges during the three months ended September 30, 2016.

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this report. For additional context with which to understand our financial condition and results of operations, see the management’s discussion and analysis included in our Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016 as well as the financial statements and related notes contained therein.

 

As used in the discussion below, “we,” “our,” and “us” refers to Lipocine.

 

Forward Looking Statements

 

This section and other parts of this report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements may refer to such matters as products, product benefits, pre-clinical and clinical development timelines, clinical and regulatory expectations and plans, anticipated financial performance, future revenues or earnings, business prospects, projected ventures, new products and services, anticipated market performance, future expectations for liquidity and capital resources needs and similar matters. Such words as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “continue”, “estimate”, “project”, and “intend” and similar terms and expressions are intended to identify forward looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of this Form 10-Q, in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on May 9, 2016, or in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. Except as required by applicable law, we assume no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.

 

Overview of Our Business

 

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on applying our oral drug delivery technology for the development of pharmaceutical products in the area of men’s and women’s health. Our proprietary delivery technologies are designed to improve patient compliance and safety through orally available treatment options. Our primary development programs are based on oral delivery solutions for poorly bioavailable drugs. We have a portfolio of proprietary product candidates designed to produce favorable pharmacokinetic (“PK”) characteristics and facilitate lower dosing requirements, bypass first-pass metabolism in certain cases, reduce side effects, and eliminate gastrointestinal interactions that limit bioavailability. Our lead product candidate, LPCN 1021, is an oral testosterone replacement therapy (“TRT”) designed for twice-a-day dosing, that received a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") on June 28, 2016, after completing Phase 3 testing and filing an New Drug Application (“NDA”). We plan to request an End of Review meeting with the FDA in the third quarter of 2016 relating to the CRL for LPCN 1021. Additional pipeline candidates include LPCN 1111, a next generation oral testosterone therapy product targeted for once daily dosing, that is currently in Phase 2 testing, and LPCN 1107, which has the potential to become the first oral hydroxyprogesterone caproate product indicated for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth, and is currently awaiting and End of Phase 2 meeting with the FDA.

 

Although we have completed our pivotal Phase 3 trial of LPCN 1021, approval from the FDA is not guaranteed as demonstrated in the receipt of the CRL. We may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional studies or clinical trials, or even terminate further development. If the FDA denies or delays approval of LPCN 1021, our business would be materially and adversely harmed. If the FDA does approve LPCN 1021, but we are unsuccessful in commercializing LPCN 1021, our business will be materially and adversely harmed.

 

To date, we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities and convertible debt and through up-front payments, research funding and milestone payments from our license and collaboration arrangements. We have not generated any revenues from product sales and we do not expect to generate revenue from product sales unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of LPCN 1021 or other products.

 

We have incurred losses in most years since our inception. As of June 30, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $99.2 million. Income and losses fluctuate year to year, primarily depending on the timing of recognition of revenues from our license and collaboration agreements. Our net loss was $12.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to $7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Substantially all of our operating losses resulted from expenses incurred in connection with our product candidate development programs, our research activities and general and administrative costs associated with our operations.

 

  17  

 

 

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. Through December 31, 2016, we anticipate that our expenses will decrease as compared with the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, as we:

 

prepare for the End of Review meeting with the FDA for LPCN 1021;

 

conduct further development of our other product candidates, including LPCN 1111 and LPCN 1107;

 

continue our research efforts;

 

maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and

 

provide general and administrative support for our operations.

 

To fund future long-term operations we will need to raise additional capital. The amount and timing of future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including capital market conditions, the timing and results of our ongoing development efforts, the potential expansion of our current development programs, regulatory requirements related to LPCN 1021 and our other development programs, potential new development programs, the pursuit of various potential commercial activities and strategies associated with our development programs and related general and administrative support. We anticipate that we will seek to fund our operations through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as potential license, partnering and collaboration agreements. We cannot be certain that anticipated additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. Although we have previously been successful in obtaining financing through public and private equity securities offerings and our license and collaboration agreements, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future.

 

Our Product Candidates

 

Our current portfolio, shown below, includes our lead product candidate, LPCN 1021, a twice daily oral testosterone replacement therapy, that received a CRL from the FDA on June 28, 2016. Additionally, we are in the process of establishing our pipeline of other clinical candidates including a next generation once daily oral testosterone replacement therapy, LPCN 1111, and an oral therapy for the prevention of preterm birth, LPCN 1107.

 

Our Development Pipeline

 

Product
Candidate
  Indication   Status   Next Expected Milestone(s)
Men’s Health            
LPCN 1021   Testosterone Replacement   NDA submitted / Complete Response Letter received   Request End of Review meeting with the FDA (3Q 2016)
             
LPCN 1111   Testosterone Replacement   Phase 2   Expected top-line results from Phase 2b PK dose finding study (3Q 2016)
Women’s Health            
LPCN 1107   Prevention of Preterm Birth   Phase 1   End-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA (3Q 2016)

 

These products are based on our proprietary Lip’ral promicellar drug delivery technology platform. Lip’ral promicellar technology is a patented technology based on lipidic compositions which form an optimal dispersed phase in the gastrointestinal environment for improved absorption of insoluble drugs. The drug loaded dispersed phase presents the solubilized drug efficiently at the absorption site (gastrointestinal tract membrane) thus improving the absorption process and making the drug less dependent on physiological variables such as dilution, gastro-intestinal pH and food effects for absorption. Lip’ral based formulation enables improved solubilization and higher drug-loading capacity, which can lead to improved bioavailability, reduced dose, faster and more consistent absorption, reduced variability, reduced sensitivity to food effects, improved patient compliance, and targeted lymphatic delivery where appropriate.

 

  18  

 

 

LPCN 1021: An Oral Product Candidate for Testosterone Replacement Therapy

 

Our lead product, LPCN 1021, is an oral formulation of the chemical testosterone undecanoate ("TU"), an eleven carbon side chain attached to testosterone. TU is an ester prodrug of testosterone. An ester is chemically formed by bonding an acid and an alcohol. Upon the cleavage, or breaking, of the ester bond, testosterone is formed. TU has been approved for use outside the United States for many years for delivery via intra-muscular injection and in oral dosage form and TU has received regulatory approval in the United States for delivery via intra-muscular injection. We are using our Lip’ral technology to facilitate steady gastrointestinal solubilization and absorption of TU for twice daily oral dosing of TU. Proof of concept was initially established in 2006, and subsequently LPCN 1021 was licensed in 2009 to Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. which was then acquired by Abbott Products, Inc. ("Abbott"). Following a portfolio review associated with the spin-off of AbbVie by Abbott in 2011, the rights to LPCN 1021 were reacquired by us. All obligations under the prior license agreement have been completed except that Lipocine will owe Abbott a perpetual 1% royalty on net sales. Such royalties are limited to $1 million in the first two calendar years following product launch, after which period there is not a cap on royalties and no maximum aggregate amount. If generic versions of any such product are introduced, then royalties are reduced by 50%.  

 

Results From SOAR

 

We have completed our Study of Oral Androgen Replacement ("SOAR") pivotal Phase 3 clinical study evaluating efficacy and safety of LPCN 1021 and have received efficacy results and 52-week safety results. SOAR was a randomized, open-label, parallel-group, active-controlled, Phase 3 clinical study of LPCN-1021 in hypogonadal males with low testosterone (< 300 ng/dL). In total, 315 subjects at 40 active sites were assigned, such that 210 were randomized to LPCN 1021 and 105 were randomized to the active control, Androgel 1.62%®, for 52 weeks of treatment. The active control is included for safety assessment. LPCN 1021 subjects were started at 225 mg TU (equivalent to ~ 142 mg of T) twice daily (“BID”) with a standard meal and then dose titrated, if needed, up to 300 mg TU BID or down to 150 mg TU BID based on serum testosterone measured at weeks 3 and 7. The mean age of the subjects in the trial was ~53 yrs with ~91% of the patients < 65 yrs of age.

 

Primary statistical analysis was conducted using the Efficacy Population Set ("EPS"). The EPS is defined as subjects randomized into the study with at least one PK profile and no significant protocol deviations and includes imputed missing data by last observation carried forward, N=151. Further analysis was performed using the full analysis set ("FAS") (any subject randomized into the study with at least one post-baseline efficacy variable response, N=193) and the safety set (“SS”) (any subject that was randomized into the study and took at least one dose, N=210).

 

Efficacy

 

The primary efficacy end point is the percentage of subjects with an average 24-hour serum testosterone concentration (“Cavg”) within the normal range, which is defined as 300-1140 ng/dL, after 13 weeks of treatment. The FDA guidelines for primary efficacy success is that at least 75% of the subjects on active treatment achieve a testosterone Cavg within the normal range; and the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (“CI”) must be greater than or equal to 65%.

 

LPCN 1021 met the FDA primary efficacy guideline. In the EPS analysis, 87% of the subjects on active treatment achieved testosterone Cavg within the normal range with lower bound CI of 82%. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using the FAS and SS reaffirmed the finding that LPCN 1021 met the FDA primary efficacy guideline as 87% and 80%, respectively, of the subjects on active treatment achieved testosterone Cavg within the normal range with lower bound CI of 82% and 74%, respectively.

 

Other highlights from the efficacy results include:

 

· Mean Cavg was 446 ng/dL with coefficient of variance of 38%;

 

· Less than 13% of the subjects were outside the tesosterone Cavg normal range at final dose;

 

· 89% of subjects arrived at final dose with no more than one titration; and

 

· 51% of subjects were on final dose of 225 mg BID which was also the starting dose.

 

In the EPS analysis, Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL was 83%, Cmax between 1800 and 2500 ng/dL was 4.6% and Cmax > 2500 ng/dL was 2%. Three patients had a Cmax >2500 ng/dL which were transient, isolated and sporadic. Moreover, none of these subjects reported any adverse events ("AEs") through the efficacy readout at week 13. Results were generally consistent with those of approved TRT products.

 

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Safety

 

The safety component of the SOAR trial was completed the last week of April 2015. The safety extension phase was designed to assess safety based on information such as metabolites, biomarkers, laboratory values, serious adverse events ("SAEs") and AE, with subjects on their stable dose regimen in both the treatment arm and the active control arm. LPCN 1021 treatment was well tolerated in that there were no hepatic, cardiac or drug related SAEs.

 

LPCN 1021 safety highlights include:

 

· LPCN 1021 was well tolerated during 52 weeks of dosing;
· Overall AE profile for LPCN 1021 was comparable to the active control;
· Cardiac AE profiles were consistent between treatment groups and none of the observed cardiac AEs occurred in greater than 1.0% of the subjects in the LPCN 1021 arm and none were classified as severe; and
· All observed adverse drug reactions (“ADRs”) were classified as mild or moderate in severity and no serious ADRs occurred during the 52-week treatment period.

 

We also completed our labeling "food effect" study in May 2015. Results from the labeling "food effect" study indicate that bioavailability of testosterone from LPCN 1021 is not affected by changes in meal fat content. The results demonstrate comparable testosterone levels between the standard fat meal (similar to the meal instruction provided in the Phase 3 clinical study) and both the low and high fat meals. The labeling “food effect” study was conducted per the FDA requirement and we submitted preliminary results from this study to the FDA in the second quarter of 2015 prior to submitting the NDA. Based on our pre-NDA meeting with the FDA, we do not expect to be required to conduct a heart attack and stroke risk study or any additional safety studies prior to the potential approval of our NDA for LPCN 1021. We may, however, be required to conduct a heart attack and stroke risk study on our own or with a consortium of sponsors that have an approved TRT product subsequent to the potential approval of LPCN 1021.

 

The FDA accepted our NDA in October 2015 and assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act ("PDUFA") goal date of June 28, 2016 for completion of the review. On June 28, 2016, we received a CRL from the FDA. A CRL is a communication from the FDA that informs companies that an application cannot be approved in its present form. The CRL identified deficiencies related to the dosing algorithm for the label. Specifically, the proposed titration scheme for clinical practice was significantly different from the titration scheme used in the Phase 3 trial leading to discordance in titration decisions between the Phase 3 trial and real-world clinical practice. The FDA may require any or all of the following: the addition of labeling statements or other warnings or contraindications, require us to perform additional clinical trials or studies or provide additional information or take other steps in order to secure approval. There is no guarantee of approval of LPCN 1021, even if these additional activities are performed. The next step will be to request an End of Review meeting with the FDA to understand more fully the issues raised and to agree on a path forward to achieve approval of LPCN 1021. Prior to requesting this meeting, we plan to conduct additional reanalysis of existing data in an effort to identify a dosing algorithm for the label that will improve concordance between the titration scheme used in the Phase 3 trial and real-world clinical practice. We cannot give any assurance that this reanalysis will result in an outcome acceptable to the FDA. We plan to request the End of Review meeting with the FDA in the third quarter of 2016. Potential results of the End of Review meeting with the FDA include conducting additional studies and clinical trials, or even terminating further development.

 

LPCN 1111: A Next-Generation Oral Product Candidate for TRT

 

LPCN 1111 is a next-generation, novel ester prodrug of testosterone which uses the Lip’ral technology to enhance solubility and improve systemic absorption. We initiated a Phase 2b dose finding study in hypogonadal men in the fourth quarter of 2015 and anticipate top-line results from that study in the third quarter of 2016. The primary objectives of the Phase 2b clinical study are to determine the optimal dose of LPCN 1111 along with safety and tolerability of LPCN 1111 and its metabolites following oral administration of single and multiple doses of LPCN 1111 in hypogonadal men. The Phase 2b clinical study is an open label, two-period, multiple dose PK study in 36 hypogonadal males. The 2b clinical study has three dose levels of LPCN 1111 in Period 1 and two dose levels of LPCN 1111 in Period 2 in which 12 subjects at each dose level will receive treatment for 14 days. In October 2014, we successfully completed a Phase 2a proof-of-concept study in hypogonadal men. The Phase 2a open-label, dose-escalating single and multiple dose study enrolled 12 males. These subjects had serum total testosterone < 300 ng/dL based on two blood draws on two separate days. Subjects received doses of LPCN 1111 as a single dose of 330 mg, 550 mg, 770 mg, followed by once daily administration of 550 mg for 28 days in 10 subjects, and once daily administration of 770 mg for 28 days in eight subjects. Results from the Phase 2a clinical study demonstrated the feasibility of a once daily dosing with LPCN 1111 in hypogonadal men and a good dose response. Additionally, the study confirmed that steady state is achieved by day 14 with consistent inter-day performance observed on day 14, 21 and 28. No subjects exceeded Cmax of 1500 ng/dL at any time during the 28-day dosing period on multi-dose exposure. Overall, LPCN 1111 was well tolerated with no serious AE.

 

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LPCN 1107: An Oral Product Candidate for the Prevention of Preterm Birth

 

We believe LPCN 1107 has the potential to become the first oral hydroxyprogesterone caproate (“HPC”) product indicated for the reduction of risk of preterm birth in women with a prior history of at least one preterm birth. We have successfully completed a multi-dose PK dose selection study in pregnant women. The objective of the multi-dose PK selection study was to assess HPC blood levels in order to identify the appropriate LPCN 1107 Phase 3 dose. The multi-dose PK dose selection study was an open-label, four-period, four-treatment, randomized, single and multiple dose, PK study in pregnant women of three dose levels of LPCN 1107 and the injectable HPC (Makena®). The study enrolled 12 healthy pregnant women (average age of 27 years) with a gestational age of approximately 16 to 19 weeks. Subjects received three dose levels of LPCN 1107 (400 mg BID, 600 mg BID, or 800 mg BID) in a randomized, crossover manner during the first three treatment periods and then received five weekly injections of HPC during the fourth treatment period. During each of the LPCN 1107 treatment periods, subjects received a single dose of LPCN 1107 on Day 1 followed by twice daily administration from Day 2 to Day 8. Following completion of the three LPCN 1107 treatment periods and a washout period, all subjects received five weekly injections of HPC. Results from this study demonstrated that average steady state HPC levels (C avg 0-24) were comparable or higher for all three LPCN 1107 doses than for injectable HPC. Additionally, HPC levels as a function of daily dose were linear for the three LPCN 1107 doses. Also unlike the injectable HPC, steady state exposure was achieved for all three LPCN 1107 doses within seven days. The approved HPC injectable product is a single fixed dose product that does not allow for dose adjustments. We have also successfully completed a proof-of-concept Phase 1b clinical study of LPCN 1107 in healthy pregnant women in January 2015 and a proof-of-concept Phase 1a clinical study of LPCN 1107 in healthy non-pregnant women in May 2014. These studies were designed to determine the PK and bioavailability of LPCN 1107 relative to an intramuscular ("IM") HPC, as well as safety and tolerability. A traditional pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (“PK/PD”) based Phase 2 clinical study in the intended patient population may not be required prior to entering into Phase 3. Therefore; based on the results of our multi-dose PK study we have requested an End-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA which is scheduled for the third quarter of 2016 to agree on a Phase 3 development plan for LPCN 1107. There are multiple potential development plans for LPCN 1107 with no assurances which, if any, will be acceptable to the FDA. Each potential development plan has a different timeline, cost and risk profile.

 

The FDA has granted orphan drug designation to LPCN 1107 based on a major contribution to patient care. Orphan designation qualifies Lipocine for various development incentives, including tax credits for qualified clinical testing, and a waiver of the prescription drug user fee when we file our NDA.

 

Financial Operations Overview

 

Revenue

 

To date, we have not generated any revenues from product sales and do not expect to do so until one of our product candidates receives approval from the FDA. Revenues to date have been generated substantially from license fees, milestone payments and research support from our licensees. Since our inception through June 30, 2016, we have generated $27.5 million in revenue under our various license and collaboration arrangements and from government grants. We may never generate revenues from LPCN 1021 or any of our other clinical or preclinical development programs or licensed products as we may never succeed in obtaining regulatory approval or commercializing any of these product candidates.

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and related personnel costs, fees paid to external service providers such as contract research organizations and contract manufacturing organizations, contractual obligations for clinical development, clinical sites, manufacturing and scale-up for late-stage clinical trials, formulation of clinical drug supplies, and expenses associated with regulatory submissions. Research and development expenses also include an allocation of indirect costs, such as those for facilities, office expense, travel, and depreciation of equipment based on the ratio of direct labor hours for research and development personnel to total direct labor hours for all personnel. We expense research and development expenses as incurred. Since our inception, we have spent approximately $83.3 million in research and development expenses through June 30, 2016.

 

We expect to incur approximately $1.6 million in additional research and developments costs for LPCN 1021 as we analyze the FDA’s CRL and prepare for the End of Review meeting with the FDA and as we complete on-going manufacturing activities committed to prior to receiving the CRL. However, these expenditures are subject to numerous uncertainties regarding timing and cost to completion.

 

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Approval, if ever, of LPCN 1021 may require additional clinical trials or non-clinical studies and will take longer and be more costly than originally estimated in light of the CRL. The cost of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project as a result of uncertainties in clinical development, including, among others:

 

the number of sites included in the trials;

 

the length of time required to enroll suitable subjects;

 

the duration of subject follow-ups;

 

the length of time required to collect, analyze and report trial results;

 

the cost, timing and outcome of regulatory review; and

 

potential changes by the FDA in clinical trial and NDA filing requirements for testosterone replacement therapies.

 

We also incurred significant manufacturing costs to prepare launch supplies for LPCN 1021 prior to receiving the CRL, and expect to incur additional manufacturing costs related to LPCN 1021, which will be significant. However, these expenditures are subject to numerous uncertainties regarding timing and cost to completion, including, among others:

 

the outcome of regulatory filings, reviews and actions for LPCN 1021

 

our dependence on third-party manufacturers for the production of clinical trial materials and satisfactory finished product for registration;

 

the potential for future license or co-promote arrangements for LPCN 1021, when such arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our future plans and capital requirements; and

 

the effect on our product development activities of action taken by the FDA or other regulatory authorities.

 

A change of outcome for any of these variables with respect to the development of LPCN 1021 could mean a substantial change in the costs and timing associated with these efforts.

 

Given the stage of clinical development and the significant risks and uncertainties inherent in the clinical development, manufacturing and regulatory approval process, we are unable to estimate with any certainty the time or cost to complete the development of LPCN 1111, LPCN 1107 and other product candidates. Clinical development timelines, the probability of success and development costs can differ materially from expectations and results from our clinical trials may not be favorable. If we are successful in progressing LPCN 1111, LPCN 1107 or other product candidates into later stage development, we will require additional capital. The amount and timing of our future research and development expenses for these product candidates will depend on the preclinical and clinical success of both our current development activities and potential development of new product candidates, as well as ongoing assessments of the commercial potential of such activities.

 

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Summary of Research and Development Expense

 

We are conducting on-going clinical and regulatory activities with all three of our product candidates. Additionally, we incur costs for our other research programs. The following table summarizes our research and development expenses:

 

    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2016     2015     2016     2015  
External service provider costs:                                
LPCN 1021   $ 1,110,300     $ 2,497,768     $ 2,008,387     $ 3,743,974  
LPCN 1111     773,263       38,322       1,514,662       125,927  
LPCN 1107     51,128       7,725       199,618       35,150  
Other product candidates     7,500       7,500       15,000       15,000  
Total external service provider costs     1,942,191       2,551,315       3,737,667       3,920,051  
Internal personnel costs     480,202       506,145       1,213,705       935,906  
Other research and development costs     145,308       104,448       289,720       224,646  
Total research and development   $ 2,567,701     $ 3,161,908     $ 5,241,092     $ 5,080,603  

 

We expect research and development expenses to continue to decrease in the future until we initiate additional clinical trials with any of our three product candidates.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related benefits, including stock-based compensation related to our executive, finance, business development, marketing, sales and support functions. Other general and administrative expenses include rent and utilities, travel expenses, professional fees for auditing, tax and legal services, market research and market analytics.

 

They also include expenses for the cost of preparing, filling and prosecuting patent applications and maintaining, enforcing and defending intellectual property-related claims.

 

We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase materially as we mature as a public company. These increases will likely include legal and consulting fees, accounting and audit fees, director fees, increased directors’ and officers’ insurance premiums, fees for investor relations services and enhanced business and accounting systems, litigation costs, professional fees and other costs. However, these increases will be offset by decreases in general and administrative fees related to decreased marketing, sales and finance salaries and related expenses associated with a restructuring and reduction in force plan implemented in July 2016. Additionally, external spend on sales and marketing pre-commercialization activities will decrease until we receive clarity on the regulatory path forward with LPCN 1021.

   

Other Income, Net

 

Other income, net consists primarily of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

 

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

 

    Three Months Ended June 30,        
    2016     2015     Variance  
Research and development expenses   $ 2,567,701     $ 3,161,908       (594,207 )
General and administrative expenses     3,247,419       1,115,835       2,131,584  
Other income, net     55,009       31,297       23,712  
Income tax expense     -       -       -  

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

The decrease in research and development expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to decreased contract research organization and consultant costs of $1.6 million offset by an increase in validation batch manufacturing costs for LPCN 1021 of $1.0 million

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

The increase in general and administrative expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to an increase of $747,000 for pre-commercialization marketing and sales activities related to LPCN 1021, an increase of $798,000 in personnel costs (including a $427,000 increase in stock-based compensation) and an increase of $413,000 for patent litigation costs.

 

Other Income, Net

 

The increase in other income, net, primarily reflects increased interest rates on average balances in cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities in 2016 as compared to 2015.

 

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

 

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

 

    Six months ended June 30,        
    2016     2015     Variance  
Research and development expenses     5,241,092       5,080,603       160,489  
General and administrative expenses     7,644,432       2,171,379       5,473,053  
Other income, net     116,668       49,930       66,738  
Income tax expense     (700 )     (200 )     (500 )

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

The increase in research and development expenses in the six months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to an increase in validation batch manufacturing costs for LPCN 1021 of $1.8 million and increased personnel costs of $278,000 offset by a decrease in contract research organization and consultants costs of $1.9 million.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

The increase in general and administrative expenses in the six months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to an increase of $2.1 million for pre-commercialization marketing and sales activities related to LPCN 1021, an increase of $2.1 million in personnel costs (including an increase of $865,000 in stock-based compensation) and an increase of $839,000 for patent litigation costs.

 

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Other Income, Net

 

The increase in other income, net, primarily reflects increased interest rates and higher average balances in cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities in 2016 as compared to 2015.

 

Income tax expense

 

The increase in income tax expense is for minimum income tax in New Jersey related to the opening of an office in Lawrence, New Jersey in January 2016.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Since our inception, our operations have been primarily financed through sales of our equity and payments received under our license and collaboration arrangements. We have devoted our resources to funding research and development programs, including discovery research, preclinical and clinical development activities. We have incurred operating losses in most years since our inception and we expect to continue to incur operating losses into the foreseeable future as we advance our lead product candidate, LPCN 1021, and further clinical development of LPCN 1111, LPCN 1107 and our other programs and continued research efforts.

 

As of June 30, 2016, we had $32.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities compared to $44.8 million at December 31, 2015. We believe that our existing capital resources, together with interest thereon, will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next twelve months. While we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to fund our projected operating requirements through June 30, 2017, we may need to raise additional capital at some point, either before or after June 30, 2017, to support our operations, long-term research and development and commercialization of our product candidates if they receive approval from the FDA. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Further, our operating plan may change, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements for product development, regulatory compliance, clinical trials and pre-commercialization sooner than planned depending on the outcome of our End of Review meeting with the FDA for LPCN 1021 and the requirements mandated by the FDA for approval of LPCN 1021. We may consume our capital resources more rapidly if we elect to pursue the build out of an internal sales force as part of our commercialization launch plan if our product candidates receive approval from the FDA. We currently have no credit facility or committed sources of capital. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and, if they receive approval by the FDA, commercialization of our product candidates and our ability to enter into collaborations with third parties to participate in the development and potential commercialization of our product candidates, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our anticipated or unanticipated clinical studies and ongoing development and pre-commercialization efforts. To fund future operations, we will need to raise additional capital and our requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:

 

the clinical development requirements, if any, or other requirements of the FDA related to approval of LPCN 1021;

 

the scope, rate of progress, results and cost of our clinical studies, preclinical testing and other related activities;

 

the scope of clinical and other work required to obtain approval of LCPN 1021;

 

the cost of manufacturing clinical supplies, and establishing commercial supplies, of our product candidates and any products that we may develop;

 

the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

 

the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish;

 

the number and characteristics of product candidates that we pursue;

 

the cost, timing and outcomes of regulatory approvals;

 

the timing, receipt and amount of sales, profit sharing or royalties, if any, from our potential products;

 

the cost of preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

 

the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies, although we currently have no commitments or agreements relating to any of these types of transactions; and

 

the extent to which we grow significantly in the number of employees or the scope of our operations.

 

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We have substantial needs for capital. Financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Also, market conditions may prevent us from accessing the debt and equity capital markets. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or suspend one or more of our clinical studies, research and development programs or, if any of our product candidates receive approval from the FDA, commercialization efforts. We may seek to raise any necessary additional capital through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements and other marketing and distribution arrangements. These arrangements may not be available to us or available on terms favorable to us. To the extent that we raise additional capital through marketing and distribution arrangements, other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our product candidates, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences or other terms that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights or further complicate raising additional capital in the future. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable, for any reason, to raise needed capital, we will have to delay research and development programs, liquidate assets, dispose of rights, commercialize products or product candidates earlier than planned or on less favorable terms than desired or reduce or cease operations.

 

    Six months ended June 30,  
    2016     2015  
Cash used in operating activities   $ (11,685,338 )   $ (6,886,780 )
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities     4,016,545       (15,140,723 )
Cash provided by financing activities     34,249       32,658,711  

 

Operating Activities

 

Cash used in operating activities was $11.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, and $6.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $4.8 million. Included in the increase was a $5.6 million increase in net loss and a $1.2 million decrease in accrued expenses. These changes were partially offset by a $452,000 increase in accounts payable, a $1.1 million increase in stock-based compensation, a $165,000 increase in accretion of premium on marketable investment securities, and a $148,000 decrease in prepaid and other current assets and a $139,000 decrease in accrued interest income.

 

Investing Activities

 

Investing activities consist primarily of purchases and maturities of marketable investment securities and purchases of property and equipment. We purchased $4.0 million of marketable investment securities in the six months ended June 30, 2016 and $15.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015. Additionally, marketable investment securities of $8.1 million matured during the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to none maturing during the six months ended June 30, 2015. We acquired $60,000 of property and equipment during the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to $15,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2015.

 

Financing Activities

 

Financing activities consist primarily of the receipt of net proceeds from the sale of common stock and proceeds from the exercise of stock options Cash provided by financing activities was $34,000 and $32.7 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we received $34,000 from the exercise of stock options. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we received $32.5 million from the sale of common stock in an underwritten transaction in April 2015 and $157,000 from the exercise of stock options.

 

Contractual Commitments and Contingencies

 

Operating Leases

 

In August 2004, we entered into an agreement to lease our facility in Salt Lake City, Utah consisting of office and laboratory space which serves as our corporate headquarters. On May 6, 2014, we modified and extended the lease through February 28, 2018. Our remaining commitment through 2018 under this lease is $503,000. Additionally, on December 28, 2015, we entered into an agreement to lease office space in Lawrenceville, New Jersey which has an occupancy date of February 1, 2016 and an end date of January 31, 2018. Our remaining commitment through 2018 under this lease is $133,000.

 

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Other Contractual Obligations

 

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with clinical research organizations for clinical trials and clinical supply manufacturing and with vendors for preclinical research studies, research supplies and other services and products for operating purposes. These contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and are cancellable obligations.

 

JOBS Act Accounting Election

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards, and, therefore, will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

 

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In preparing our financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. There have been no significant and material changes in our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our Form 10-K filed March 10, 2016.

 

New Accounting Standards

 

Refer to Note 11, in “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for a discussion of accounting standards not yet adopted.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

None.

 

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We maintain "disclosure controls and procedures" within the meaning of Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures, or Disclosure Controls, are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Our Disclosure Controls include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our Disclosure Controls, which was done under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. Based on the controls evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the date of their evaluation, our Disclosure Controls were effective as of June 30, 2016.

 

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter covered by this report, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

On May 15, 2015, we filed a patent application with U.S. Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO"), and our application requests that the PTO declare an interference between our patent application and Clarus Therapeutics’ (“Clarus”) U.S. Patent No. 8,828,428 (“the Clarus 428 Patent”).  In the request for an interference, known as a "Suggestion of Interference", we asked the PTO for a determination that our pending patent application has priority over the Clarus 428 Patent, and that the PTO should instead grant a patent to us. In this case we have asserted that we are the senior party, and thus entitled to priority over the Clarus 428 Patent. Pursuant to Lipocine's request, on December 4, 2015, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) declared an interference between the Clarus 428 Patent and Lipocine's application to determine, as between Clarus and Lipocine, who was the first to invent the subject matter of the claimed invention. Lipocine was declared the Senior Party in the interference, by virtue of its earlier accorded benefit date, and Clarus was declared the Junior Party. As Senior Party, Lipocine has certain procedural benefits. The claimed invention relates to an orally delivered testosterone undecanoate composition. Preliminary motions were filed by March 4, 2016, oppositions to Clarus’ motions were filed on May 20, 2016 and replies to Clarus’ oppositions of our preliminary motions were filed July 1, 2016. Oral argument is scheduled for September 9, 2016.

 

On November 2, 2015, Clarus filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that LPCN 1021 will infringe the Clarus 428 Patent, and the complaint seeks damages, declaratory and injunctive relief.  We intend to vigorously defend against these allegations and on January 5, 2016 we filed a motion to dismiss this complaint with the court. On June 27, 2016, the magistrate judge issued a report and recommendation to the District Judge denying our motion to dismiss. On July 14, 2016, we filed a motion objecting to the report and recommendation of the magistrate judge.

 

On July 1, 2016, the Company and certain of its officers were named as defendants in a purported shareholder class action lawsuit,  David Lewis v. Lipocine Inc., et al ., filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. This initial action was followed by additional lawsuits also filed in the District of New Jersey. The lawsuits contain substantially identical allegations and allege that the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose that our filing of the NDA for LPCN 1021 to the FDA contained deficiencies and as a result the defendants’ statements about our business and operations were false and misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis in violation of federal securities laws. The lawsuits seek certification as a class action, compensatory damages in an unspecified amount, and unspecified equitable or injunctive relief. We believe that the claims in the lawsuits are without merit and will defend against them vigorously. We maintain insurance for claims of this nature, which management believes is adequate. Moreover, we believe, based on information currently available, that the filing and ultimate outcome of the lawsuits will not have a material impact on our financial position, although we will have to pay up to the insurance retention amount in connection with the lawsuit.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, consider the risk factors discussed in Part 1, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016, and the risk factors discussed in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on May 9, 2016, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in the aforementioned report are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that it currently deems to be not material also may materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and or operating results.

 

The following are the risk factors that have materially changed from our risk factors included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016 and from our risk factors included in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on May 9, 2016:

 

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RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

 

We depend primarily on the success of our lead product candidate, LPCN 1021, which recently received a Complete Response Letter from the FDA and may not receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized.

 

LPCN 1021 is currently our only product candidate that has completed Phase 3 clinical trials, and our business currently depends primarily on its successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization once approved. We submitted an NDA to the FDA but have not submitted comparable applications to other regulatory authorities. On June 29, 2016, we announced that we had received a CRL from the FDA. A CRL is a communication from the FDA that informs companies that an application cannot be approved in its present form. The CRL identified deficiencies related to the dosing algorithm for the label. Specifically, the proposed titration scheme for clinical practice was significantly different from the titration scheme used in the Phase 3 trial leading to discordance in titration decisions between the Phase 3 trial and real-world clinical practice. We do not control whether or when we may receive approval of LPCN 1021 from the FDA. We are not permitted to market LPCN 1021 in the United States until we receive approval of an NDA from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from such countries.

 

Although we have completed our pivotal Phase 3 trial of LPCN 1021, approval from the FDA is not guaranteed as demonstrated in the receipt of the CRL. We may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials, or even terminate further development. If the FDA denies or delays approval of LPCN 1021, our business would be materially and adversely harmed. If the FDA does approve LPCN 1021, but we are unsuccessful in commercializing LPCN 1021, our business will be materially and adversely harmed.

 

Our success in obtaining regulatory approval to market LPCN 1021 in the U.S. or elsewhere depends on our ability to address any issues the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies may raise, and ultimately to obtain approval by the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies.

 

On August 28, 2015, we announced that we submitted our NDA for LPCN 1021 to the FDA which was subsequently accepted by the FDA with an assigned Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”) goal date of June 28, 2016. On June 29, 2016, we announced that we had received a CRL from the FDA. A CRL is a communication from the FDA that informs companies that an application cannot be approved in its present form. The CRL identified deficiencies related to the dosing algorithm for the label. Specifically, the proposed titration scheme for clinical practice was significantly different from the titration scheme used in the Phase 3 trial leading to discordance in titration decisions between the Phase 3 trial and real-world clinical practice. The FDA may require the addition of labeling statements or other warnings or contraindications, require us to perform additional clinical trials or studies or provide additional information in order to secure approval. Any such requirement would increase our costs and delay approval and commercialization of LPCN 1021 and would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

 

Even if LPCN 1021 is approved, the FDA may limit the indications for which it may be used, include extensive warnings on the product labeling, or require costly ongoing requirements for post-marketing clinical studies and surveillance or other risk management measures to monitor the safety or efficacy of LPCN 1021. Further, in the event that we seek regulatory approval of LPCN 1021 outside the United States, such markets also have requirements for approval of drug candidates with which we must comply prior to marketing. Obtaining regulatory approval for marketing of LPCN 1021 in one country does not ensure we will be able to obtain regulatory approval in other countries but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in other countries.

 

Any regulatory approval of LPCN 1021, once obtained, may be withdrawn. Ultimately, the failure to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals would prevent LPCN 1021 from being marketed and would have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We may have to dedicate resources to the defense and resolution of litigation.

 

On July 1, 2016, the Company and certain of its officers were named as defendants in a purported shareholder class action lawsuit,  David Lewis v. Lipocine Inc., et al ., filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. This initial action was followed by additional lawsuits also filed in the District of New Jersey. The lawsuits contain substantially identical allegations and allege that the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose that our filing of the NDA for LPCN 1021 to the FDA contained deficiencies and as a result the defendants’ statements about our business and operations were false and misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis in violation of federal securities laws. The lawsuits seek certification as a class action, compensatory damages in an unspecified amount, and unspecified equitable or injunctive relief.

 

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Securities legislation in the United States makes it relatively easy for stockholders to sue. This can lead to frivolous law suits which take substantial time, money, resources and attention or force us to settle such claims rather than seek adequate judicial remedy or dismissal of such claims. Historically, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, including the Company, have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years, increasing the risk of such litigation. As we defend the class action lawsuits, or if we are required to defend additional actions brought by other shareholders, we may be required to pay substantial litigation costs and managerial attention and financial resources may be diverted from business operations even if the outcome is in our favor.

 

RISKS RELATING TO OUR COMMON STOCK

 

Our stock price could decline significantly based on the results and timing of clinical trials, and/or regulatory and other decisions affecting our product candidates.

 

Results of clinical trials and preclinical studies of our current and potential product candidates may not be viewed favorably by us or third parties, including the FDA or other regulatory authorities, investors, analysts and potential collaborators. The same may be true of how we design the clinical trials of our product candidates and regulatory decisions affecting those clinical trials. Biopharmaceutical company stock prices have declined significantly when such results and decisions were unfavorable or perceived negatively or when a product candidate did not otherwise meet expectations. The final results from our clinical development programs may be negative, may not meet expectations or may be perceived negatively. The designs of our clinical trials (which may change significantly and be more expensive than currently anticipated depending on our clinical results and regulatory decisions) may also be viewed negatively by third parties. We may not be successful in completing these clinical trials on our projected timetable, if at all.

 

Following the receipt of a CRL with respect to our previously submitted NDA for LPCN 1021, we may need to engage in additional clinical trials. Failure to initiate additional clinical trials or delays in existing clinical trials of our product candidates or unfavorable results or decisions or negative perceptions regarding any of such clinical trials, could cause our stock price to decline significantly. We may never achieve FDA approval for any of our product candidates, which could cause our stock price to decline significantly and have other significant adverse effects on our business.

 

Our share price is expected to be volatile and may be influenced by numerous factors that are beyond our control.

 

A low share price and low market valuation may make it difficult to raise sufficient additional cash due to the significant dilution to current stockholders. Market prices for shares of biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies such as ours are often volatile. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including:

 

· our ability to address the deficiencies noted in the CRL for LPCN 1021;

 

· plans for, progress of and results from clinical trials of our product candidates;

 

· the failure of the FDA to approve our product candidates;

 

· regulatory uncertainty in the TRT class;

 

· FDA Advisory Committee meetings and related recommendations including meetings convened on the TRT class or on similar companies;

 

· announcements by the FDA that may impact on-going clinical studies related to safety or efficacy of TRT products;

 

· announcements of new products, technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions or other events by us or our competitors;

 

· failure to engage with collaborators or build an internal sales force to commercialize our products;

 

· the success or failure of other TRT products or non-testosterone based testosterone therapy products;

 

· failure of our products, if approved, to achieve commercial success;

 

· fluctuations in stock market prices and trading volumes of similar companies;

 

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· general market conditions and overall fluctuations in U.S. equity markets;

 

· variations in our quarterly operating results;

 

· changes in our financial guidance or securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance;

 

· changes in accounting principles;

 

· sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders;

 

· additions or departures of key personnel;

 

· discussion of us or our stock price by the press and by online investor communities;

 

· our cash balance; and

 

· other risks and uncertainties described in these risk factors.

 

In recent years the stock of other biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies has experienced extreme price fluctuations that have been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. There can be no assurance that the market price of our shares of common stock will not experience significant fluctuations in the future, including fluctuations that are unrelated to our performance. These fluctuations may result due to macroeconomic and world events, national or local events, general perception of the biotechnology industry or to a lack of liquidity. In addition, other biotechnology companies or our competitors’ programs could have positive or negative results that impact their stock prices and their results, or stock fluctuations could have a positive or negative impact on our stock price regardless whether such impact is direct or not.

 

Stockholders may not agree with our business, scientific, clinical, commercial or financial strategy, including additional dilutive financings, and may decide to sell their shares or vote against such proposals. Such actions could materially impact our stock price. In addition, portfolio managers of funds or large investors can change or change their view on us and decide to sell our shares. These actions could have a material impact on our stock price. Investors may not agree with these actions and may sell our shares. We may have little or no ability to impact or alter such decisions.

 

The stock prices of many companies in the biotechnology industry have experienced wide fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. Following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation often has been initiated against a company. For example, on July 1, 2016, the Company and certain of its officers were named as defendants in a purported shareholder class action lawsuit,  David Lewis v. Lipocine Inc., et al ., filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. This initial action was followed by additional lawsuits also filed in the District of New Jersey. The lawsuits contain substantially identical allegations and allege that the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose that our filing of the NDA for LPCN 1021 to the FDA contained deficiencies and as a result the defendants’ statements about our business and operations were false and misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis in violation of federal securities laws. The lawsuits seek certification as a class action, compensatory damages in an unspecified amount, and unspecified equitable or injunctive relief. Due to this class action litigation initiated against us or any future class action litigation that may be initiated against us, we may incur substantial costs and our management’s attention may be diverted from our operations, which could significantly harm our business.

 

We have substantial needs for capital. Financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Also, market conditions may prevent us from accessing the debt and equity capital markets. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or suspend one or more of our clinical studies, research and development programs or, if any of our product candidates receive approval from the FDA, commercialization efforts. We may seek to raise any necessary additional capital through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements and other marketing and distribution arrangements. These arrangements may not be available to us or available on terms favorable to us. To the extent that we raise additional capital through marketing and distribution arrangements, other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our product candidates, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences or other terms that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights or further complicate raising additional capital in the future. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable, for any reason, to raise needed capital, we will have to delay research and development programs, liquidate assets, dispose of rights, commercialize products or product candidates earlier than planned or on less favorable terms than desired or reduce or cease operations.

 

Our common stock is thinly traded and in the future, may continue to be thinly traded, and our stockholders may be unable to sell at or near asking prices or at all if they need to sell their shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate such shares.

 

To date, we have a low volume of daily trades in our common stock on NASDAQ. For example, the average daily trading volume in our common stock on NASDAQ during the second quarter of 2016 was approximately 432.576 shares per day. Our stockholders may be unable to sell their common stock at or near their asking prices or at all, which may result in substantial losses to our stockholders.

 

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The market for our common stock may be characterized by significant price volatility when compared to seasoned issuers, and we expect that our share price will be more volatile than a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future. As noted above, our common stock may be sporadically and/or thinly traded. As a consequence of this lack of liquidity, the trading of relatively small quantities of shares by our stockholders may disproportionately influence the price of those shares in either direction. The price for our shares could, for example, decline significantly in the event that a large number of shares of our common stock are sold on the market without commensurate demand, as compared to a seasoned issuer that could better absorb those sales without adverse impact on its share price.

 

RISKS RELATING TO OUR FINANCIAL POSITION AND CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

 

We cannot predict when we will generate product revenues and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

 

Our ability to become profitable depends upon our ability to generate revenue from product sales. To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales of LPCN 1021 or our other drug candidates in the current pipeline, and we do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from product sales. We do not expect to generate significant revenue unless or until we obtain marketing approval of, and begin to sell, LPCN 1021. Our ability to generate revenue depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, our ability to:

 

obtain U.S. and foreign marketing approval for LPCN 1021 as a TRT;

 

commercialize LPCN 1021 by developing a sales force and/or entering into collaborations with partners/third parties, if we obtain marketing approval for LPCN 1021; and

 

achieve market acceptance of LPCN 1021 in the medical community and with third-party payors.

 

Even if LPCN 1021 is approved for commercial sale, we expect to incur significant costs as we prepare to commercialize LPCN 1021. Even if we receive FDA approval for LPCN 1021, LPCN 1021 may not be a commercially successful drug. We may not achieve profitability soon after generating product sales, if ever. If we are unable to generate product revenue, we will not become profitable and may be unable to continue operations without continued funding.

 

Accordingly, the likelihood of our success must be evaluated in light of many potential challenges and variables associated with an early-stage drug development company, many of which are outside of our control, and past operating or financial results should not be relied on as an indication of future results. If one or more of our product candidates is approved for commercial sale and we retain commercial rights, we anticipate incurring significant costs associated with commercializing any such approved product candidate. Therefore, even if we are able to generate revenues from the sale of any approved product, we may never become profitable. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with pharmaceutical product development, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of expenses and when we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability, if ever.

 

We have incurred significant operating losses in most years since our inception, and anticipate that we will incur continued losses for the foreseeable future.

 

We have focused a significant portion of our efforts on developing LPCN 1021. We have funded our operations to date through proceeds from sales of common stock, preferred stock and convertible debt and from license and milestone revenues and research revenue from license and collaboration agreements with corporate partners. We have incurred losses in most years since our inception. As of June 30, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $99.2 million. Substantially all of our operating losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with our research and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations. These losses, combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. We expect our research and development expenses to significantly increase in connection with clinical trials associated with LPCN 1111 and LPCN 1107, if initiated. In addition, if we obtain marketing approval for LPCN 1021, we will incur significant sales, marketing and commercialization expenses. As a result, we expect to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future as we advance our lead product candidate, LPCN 1021, and further clinical development of LPCN 1111, LPCN 1107 and our other programs and continued research efforts. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing pharmaceutical products, we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if at all. 

 

RISKS RELATING TO OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

 

We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights, and we may be unable to protect our rights to our products and technology.

 

If we or our collaborators choose to go to court to stop a third party from using the inventions claimed in our owned or licensed patents, that third party may ask a court to rule that the patents are invalid and should not be enforced against that third party. These lawsuits are expensive and would consume time and other resources, including financial resources, even if we were successful in stopping the infringement of these patents. In addition, there is a risk that a court will decide that these patents are not valid or not enforceable and that we do not have the right to stop others from using the inventions.

 

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There is also the risk that, even if the validity of these patents is not challenged or is upheld, the court will refuse to stop the third party on the ground that such third-party’s activities do not infringe our owned or licensed patents. In addition, the U.S. Supreme Court has recently changed some standards relating to the granting of patents and assessing the validity of patents. As a consequence, issued patents may be found to contain invalid claims according to the newly revised standards. Some of our owned or licensed patents may be subject to challenge and subsequent invalidation or significant narrowing of claim scope in a reexamination or other proceeding before the PTO, or during litigation, under the revised criteria which make it more difficult to obtain or maintain patents.

 

While our in-licensed patents and applications are not currently used in our product candidates, should we develop other product candidates that are covered by this intellectual property, we will rely on our licensor to file and prosecute patent applications and maintain patents and otherwise protect the intellectual property we license from them. Our licensor has retained the first right, but not the obligation to initiate an infringement proceeding against a third-party infringer of the intellectual property licensed to us, and enforcement of our in-licensed patents or defense of any claims asserting the invalidity or unenforceability of these patents would also be subject to the control or cooperation of our licensor. It is possible that our licensor’s defense activities may be less vigorous than had we conducted the defense ourselves.

 

We also license our patent portfolio, including U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications that cover our LPCN 1021 and our other product candidates, to third parties for their respective products and product candidates. Under our agreements with our licensees, we have the right, but not the obligation, to enforce our current and future licensed patents against infringers of our licensees. In certain cases, our licensees may have primary enforcement rights and we have the obligation to cooperate. In the event of an enforcement action against infringers of our licensees, our licensees might not have the interest or resources to successfully preserve the patents, the infringers may countersue, and as a result our patents may be found invalid or unenforceable or of a narrower scope of coverage, and leave us with no patent protection for LPCN 1021 and our other product candidates.

 

In addition, on May 15, 2015 we filed a request for interference using our owned patent application against the Clarus 428 Patent owned by Clarus. In the request for an interference, known as a "Suggestion of Interference", we asked the PTO for a determination that our pending patent application for an orally delieved testosterone undecanoate composition has priority over the Clarus 428 Patent, and that the PTO should instead grant a patent to us. In this case we have asserted that we are the senior party, and thus entitled to priority over the Clarus 428 Patent. Pursuant to Lipocine's request, on December 4,2015, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board declared an interference between the Clarus 428 Patent and Lipocine's application to determine, as between Clarus and Lipocine, who was the first to invent the subject matter of the claimed invention. Lipocine was declared the Senior Party in the interference, by virtue of its earlier accorded benefit date, and Clarus was declared the Junior Party. As Senior Party, Lipocine has certain procedural benefits. Preliminary motions were filed by March 4, 2016, oppositions to Clarus’ motions were filed on May 20, 2016 and replies to Clarus’ oppositions of our preliminary motions were filed July 1, 2016. Oral argument is scheduled for September 9, 2016. Interference proceedings may fail and could require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party; our business could be harmed if the prevailing party does not offer us a license on commercially reasonable terms, if any license is offered at all. Even if we are successful in such interference, it may result in substantial costs to us and distraction to our management.

 

Further, on November 2, 2015, Clarus filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that our filing of our NDA related to LPCN 1021 will infringe upon the Clarus 428 Patent, and the complaint seeks damages, declaratory and injunctive relief.  We intend to vigorously defend against these allegations and on January 5, 2016 we filed a motion to dismiss this complaint with the court. On June 27, 2016, the magistrate judge issued a report and recommendation to the District Judge denying our motion to dismiss. On July 14, 2016, we filed a motion objecting to the report and recommendation of the magistrate judge.

 

This litigation will consume a portion of our capital resources. Moreover, we may be subject to a third party preissuance submission of prior art to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or become involved in opposition, derivation, reexamination, inter partes review, post-grant review or interference proceedings challenging our owned or licensed patent rights or the patent rights of others. An adverse determination in any such submission, proceeding or litigation could reduce the scope of, or invalidate, our owned or licensed patent rights, allow third parties to commercialize our technology or products and compete directly with us, without payment to us, or result in our inability to manufacture or commercialize products without infringing third party patent rights. In addition, if the breadth or strength of protection provided by our patents and patent applications is threatened, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us to license, develop or commercialize current or future product candidates and impair our ability to raise needed capital.

 

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In order to resolve the litigation with Clarus, or if we are required to defend patent infringement actions brought by other third parties, or if we sue to protect our own patent rights or otherwise to protect our proprietary information and to prevent its disclosure, we may be required to pay substantial litigation costs and managerial attention and financial resources may be diverted from business operations even if the outcome is in our favor.

 

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

As previously disclosed, on November 25, 2013, the SEC declared effective our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-192069) relating to our public offering. There have not been any material changes in the use of proceeds from what has previously been disclosed relating to such offering.

 

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

 

None.

 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

 

None.

 

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

 

None.

 

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

 

See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this report.

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

  Lipocine Inc.
  (Registrant)
   
Dated: August 9, 2016 /s/ Mahesh V. Patel
 

Mahesh V. Patel, President and Chief

Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

   
Dated: August 9, 2016 /s/ Morgan R. Brown
 

Morgan R. Brown, Executive Vice President

and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit       Incorporation By Reference
Number     Exhibit Description     Form   SEC File No.     Exhibit     Filing Date  
                     
10.1 *   Second Amended and Restated Lipocine Inc. 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan                
                     
31.1 *   Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002                
                     
31.2 *   Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002                
                     
32.1 *   Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350 (1)                
                     
32.2 *   Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350 (1)                
                     
101.INS *   XBRL Instance Document                
                     
101.SCH *   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document                
                     
101.CAL *   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document                
                     
101.DEF *   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document                
                     
101.LAB *   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document                
                     
101.PRE *   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document                
                     
*   Filed herewith                
                     
(1)   This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.                

 

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Exhibit 10.1

 

SECOND amended and restated LIPOCINE INC.
2014 stock and INCENTIVE PLAN

 

Section 1.          Purpose

 

The purpose of the Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by aiding the Company in attracting and retaining employees, officers, consultants, advisors and non-employee Directors capable of assuring the future success of the Company, to offer such persons incentives to put forth maximum efforts for the success of the Company’s business and to compensate such persons through various stock-based arrangements and provide them with opportunities for stock ownership in the Company, thereby aligning the interests of such persons with the Company’s stockholders.

 

Section 2.          Definitions

 

As used in the Plan, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

 

(a)          “ Affiliate ” shall mean any entity that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, is controlled by the Company.

 

(b)          “ Award ” shall mean any Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Unit, Performance Award or Dividend Equivalent granted under the Plan.

 

(c)          “ Award Agreement ” shall mean any written agreement, contract or other instrument or document evidencing an Award granted under the Plan (including a document in an electronic medium) executed in accordance with the requirements of Section 9(b).

 

(d)          “ Board ” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

(e)          “ Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and any regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(f)          “ Change-in-Control Event ” shall mean the occurrence, in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions, of any one or more of the following events:

 

(i) any Exchange Act Person becomes the Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities other than by virtue of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Change-in-Control Event shall not be deemed to occur (A) on account of the acquisition of securities of the Company by an investor, any affiliate thereof or any other Exchange Act Person that acquires the Company’s securities in a transaction or series of related transactions the primary purpose of which is to obtain financing for the Company through the issuance of equity securities or (B) solely because the level of Ownership held by any Exchange Act Person (the “Subject Person”) exceeds the designated percentage threshold of the outstanding voting securities as a result of a repurchase or other acquisition of voting securities by the Company reducing the number of shares outstanding, provided that if a Change-in-Control Event would occur (but for the operation of this sentence) as a result of the acquisition of voting securities by the Company, and after such share acquisition, the Subject Person becomes the Owner of any additional voting securities that, assuming the repurchase or other acquisition had not occurred, increases the percentage of the then outstanding voting securities Owned by the Subject Person over the designated percentage threshold, then a Change-in-Control Event shall be deemed to occur;

 

     

 

  

(ii) there is consummated a merger, consolidation or similar transaction involving (directly or indirectly) the Company and, immediately after the consummation of such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, the stockholders of the Company immediately prior thereto do not Own, directly or indirectly, either (A) outstanding voting securities representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined outstanding voting power of the surviving Entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction or (B) more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined outstanding voting power of the parent of the surviving Entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, in each case in substantially the same proportions as their Ownership of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to such transaction;

 

(iii) there is consummated a sale, lease, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, other than a sale, lease, license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries to an Entity, more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are Owned by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their Ownership of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to such sale, lease, license or other disposition; or

 

(iv) individuals who, on the date this Plan is adopted by the Board, are members of the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the members of the Board; provided, however, that if the appointment or election (or nomination for election) of any new Board member was approved or recommended by a majority vote of the members of the Incumbent Board then still in office, such new member shall, for purposes of this Plan, be considered as a member of the Incumbent Board.

  

Notwithstanding the foregoing definition or any other provision of this Plan, (A) the term Change-in-Control Event shall not include a sale of assets, merger or other transaction effected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company, and (B) the definition of Change-in-Control Event (or any analogous term) in an individual written agreement between the Company or any Affiliate and the Participant shall supersede the foregoing definition with respect to Awards subject to such agreement; provided, however, that if no definition of Change-in-Control Event or any analogous term is set forth in such an individual written agreement, the foregoing definition shall apply.

 

(g)          “ Committee ” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board or such other committee designated by the Board to administer the Plan. The Committee shall be comprised of not less than such number of Directors as shall be required to permit Awards granted under the Plan to qualify under Rule 16b-3, and each member of the Committee shall be a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 and an “outside director” within the meaning of Section 162(m).

 

(h)          “ Company ” shall mean Lipocine Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any successor corporation.

 

(i)           “ Director ” shall mean a member of the Board.

 

(j)           “ Dividend Equivalent ” shall mean any right granted under Section 6(e) of the Plan.

 

(k)          “ Eligible Person ” shall mean any employee, officer, non-employee Director, consultant, independent contractor or advisor providing services to the Company or any Affiliate, or any such person to whom an offer of employment or engagement with the Company or any Affiliate is extended.

 

(l)           “ Entity ” means a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity.

 

(m)         “ Exchange Act ” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

     

 

  

(n)          “ Exchange Act Person ” means any natural person, Entity or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act), except that “Exchange Act Person” shall not include (i) the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, (ii) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to a registered public offering of such securities, (iv) an Entity Owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their Ownership of stock of the Company; or (v) any natural person, Entity or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act) that, as of the Effective Date, is the Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities.

  

(o)          “ Fair Market Value ” with respect to one Share as of any date shall mean (a) if the Share is listed on any established stock exchange, the price of one Share at the close of the regular trading session of such market or exchange on such date, as reported by The Wall Street Journal or a comparable reporting service, or, if no sale of Shares shall have occurred on such date, on the preceding date on which there was a sale of Shares; (b) if the Shares are not so listed on any established stock exchange, the average of the closing “bid” and “asked” prices quoted by the OTC Bulletin Board, the National Quotation Bureau, or any comparable reporting service on such date or, if there are no quoted “bid” and “asked” prices on such date, on the next preceding date for which there are such quotes for a Share; or (c) if the Shares are not publicly traded as of such date, the per share value of a Share, as determined by the Board, or any duly authorized Committee of the Board, in its sole discretion, by applying principles of valuation with respect thereto.

 

(p)          “ Incentive Stock Option ” shall mean an option granted under Section 6(a) of the Plan that is intended to meet the requirements of Section 422 of the Code or any successor provision.

 

(q)          “ Non-Qualified Stock Option ” shall mean an option granted under Section 6(a) of the Plan that is not intended to be an Incentive Stock Option.

 

(r)           “ Option ” shall mean an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option to purchase shares of the Company.

 

(s)          “ Own ,” “ Owned ,” “ Owner ,” “ Ownership ” a person or Entity shall be deemed to “Own,” to have “Owned,” to be the “Owner” of, or to have acquired “Ownership” of securities if such person or Entity, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting, with respect to such securities.

 

(t)           “ Participant ” shall mean an Eligible Person designated to be granted an Award under the Plan.

 

(u)          “ Performance Award ” shall mean any right granted under Section 6(d) of the Plan.

 

(v)          “Performance Goal” shall mean one or more of the following performance goals, either individually, alternatively or in any combination, applied on a corporate, subsidiary, division, business unit or line of business basis:

 

· economic value added (EVA);

 

· sales or revenue;

 

· costs or expenses;

 

· net profit after tax;

 

· gross profit;

 

· income (including without limitation operating income, pre-tax income and income attributable to the Company);

 

     

 

  

· cash flow (including without limitation free cash flow and cash flow from operating, investing or financing activities or any combination thereof);

 

· earnings (including without limitation earnings before or after taxes, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and earnings (whether before or after taxes), EBIT or EBITDA as a percentage of net sales;

 

· earnings per share (EPS) (basic or diluted);

 

· earnings per share from continuing operations;

 

· returns (including one or more of return on actual or pro forma assets, net assets, equity, investment, revenue, sales, capital and net capital employed, total stockholder return (TSR) and total business return (TBR));

 

· margins (including one or more of gross, operating and net income margin);

 

· ratios (including one or more of price-to-earnings, debt-to-assets, debt-to-net assets and ratios regarding liquidity, solvency, fiscal capacity, productivity or risk);

 

· budget comparisons;

 

· unit volume;

 

· stock price;

 

· net working capital;

 

· value creation;

 

· market share;

 

· market capitalization;

 

· workforce satisfaction and diversity goals;

 

· employee retention;

 

· production metrics;

 

· development;

 

· implementation or completion of key projects;

 

· strategic plan development and implementation;

 

· research and development milestones and objectives

 

· clinical trial milestones

 

· clinical trial objectives

 

· manufacturing objectives

 

     

 

  

· commercialization objectives; or

 

· financing or fund raising objectives.

 

Each such Performance Goal may be based (i) solely by reference to absolute results of individual performance or organizational performance at various levels (e.g., the Company’s performance or the performance of a subsidiary, division, business segment or business unit of the Company) or (ii) upon organizational performance relative to the comparable performance of other companies selected by the Committee. To the extent consistent with Section 162(m), the Committee may, when it establishes performance criteria, also provide for the exclusion of charges related to an event or occurrence which the Committee determines should appropriately be excluded, including (X) asset-write downs, litigation or claim judgments or settlements, reorganizations, the impact of acquisitions and divestitures, restructurings, discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and other unusual or non-recurring charges, (Y) foreign exchange gains and losses or an event either not directly related to the operations of the Company or not within the reasonable control of the Company’s management, or (Z) the cumulative effects of tax or accounting changes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (or other accounting principles which may then be in effect). To the extent that Section 162(m) or applicable tax and/or securities laws change to permit Committee discretion to alter the governing performance measures without disclosing to stockholders and obtaining stockholder approval of such changes and without thereby exposing the Company to potentially adverse tax or other legal consequences, the Committee shall have the sole discretion to make such changes without obtaining stockholder approval.

   

(w)         “ Person ” shall mean any individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture or trust.

 

(x)           “ Plan ” shall mean the Second Amended and Restated Lipocine Inc. 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.

 

(y)          “ Prior Stock Plan ” shall mean the Lipocine Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.

 

(z)           “ Restricted Stock ” shall mean any Share granted under Section 6(c) of the Plan.

 

(aa)        “ Restricted Stock Unit ” shall mean any unit granted under Section 6(c) of the Plan evidencing the right to receive a Share (or a cash payment equal to the Fair Market Value of a Share) at some future date.

 

(bb)        “ Rule 16b-3 ” shall mean Rule 16b-3 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor rule or regulation.

 

(cc)        “Section 162(m)” shall mean Section 162(m) of the Code, or any successor provision, and the applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(dd)        “Section 409A” shall mean Section 409A of the Code, or any successor provision, and applicable Treasury Regulations and other applicable guidance thereunder.

 

(ee)        “ Securities Act ” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

(ff)          “ Share ” or “ Shares ” shall mean the common stock of the Company (or such other securities or property as may become subject to Awards pursuant to an adjustment made under Section 4(c) of the Plan).

 

(gg)        “Specified Employee” shall mean a specified employee as defined in Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of the Code or applicable proposed or final regulations under Section 409A, determined in accordance with procedures established by the Company and applied uniformly with respect to all plans maintained by the Company that are subject to Section 409A.

 

     

 

  

(hh)        “ Stock Appreciation Right ” shall mean any right granted under Section 6(b) of the Plan.

  

(ii)         “ Subsidiary ” means, with respect to the Company, (i) any corporation of which more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding capital stock having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether, at the time, stock of any other class or classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time, directly or indirectly, Owned by the Company, and (ii) any partnership, limited liability company or other entity in which the Company has a direct or indirect interest (whether in the form of voting or participation in profits or capital contribution) of more than fifty percent (50%).

 

Section 3.          Administration

 

(a)           Power and Authority of the Committee . The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. Subject to the express provisions of the Plan and to applicable law, the Committee shall have full power and authority to: (i) designate Participants; (ii) determine the type or types of Awards to be granted to each Participant under the Plan; (iii) determine the number of Shares to be covered by (or the method by which payments or other rights are to be calculated in connection with) each Award; (iv) determine the terms and conditions of any Award or Award Agreement, including any terms relating to the forfeiture of any Award and the forfeiture, recapture or disgorgement of any cash, Shares or other amounts payable with respect to any Award; (v) amend the terms and conditions of any Award or Award Agreement, subject to the limitations under Section 7; (vi) accelerate the exercisability of any Award or the lapse of any restrictions relating to any Award, subject to the limitations in Section 7, (vii) determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances Awards may be exercised in cash, Shares, other securities, other Awards or other property (excluding promissory notes), or canceled, forfeited or suspended, subject to the limitations in Section 7; (viii) determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances amounts payable with respect to an Award under the Plan shall be deferred either automatically or at the election of the holder thereof or the Committee, subject to the requirements of Section 409A; (ix)  interpret and administer the Plan and any instrument or agreement, including an Award Agreement, relating to the Plan; (x) establish, amend, suspend or waive such rules and regulations and appoint such agents as it shall deem appropriate for the proper administration of the Plan; (xi) make any other determination and take any other action that the Committee deems necessary or desirable for the administration of the Plan; and (xii) adopt such modifications, rules, procedures and subplans as may be necessary or desirable to comply with provisions of the laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Company or an Affiliate may operate, including, without limitation, establishing any special rules for Affiliates, Eligible Persons or Participants located in any particular country, in order to meet the objectives of the Plan and to ensure the viability of the intended benefits of Awards granted to Participants located in such non-United States jurisdictions. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the Plan, all designations, determinations, interpretations and other decisions under or with respect to the Plan or any Award or Award Agreement shall be within the sole discretion of the Committee, may be made at any time and shall be final, conclusive and binding upon any Participant, any holder or beneficiary of any Award or Award Agreement, and any employee of the Company or any Affiliate.

  

(b)           Delegation . The Committee shall have the right, from time to time, to delegate to one or more officers of the Company the authority of the Committee to grant and determine the terms and conditions of Awards granted under the Plan, subject to the requirements of Section 157(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (or any successor provision) and such other limitations under applicable exchange rules. In no event shall any such delegation of authority be permitted with respect to Awards to any members of the Board or to any Eligible Person who is subject to Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act or Section 162(m). The Committee shall also be permitted to delegate, to any appropriate officer or employee of the Company, responsibility for performing certain ministerial functions under the Plan. In the event that the Committee’s authority is delegated to officers or employees in accordance with the foregoing, all provisions of the Plan relating to the Committee shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the foregoing by treating any such reference as a reference to such officer or employee for such purpose. Any action undertaken in accordance with the Committee’s delegation of authority hereunder shall have the same force and effect as if such action were undertaken directly by the Committee and shall be deemed for all purposes of the Plan to have been taken by the Committee.

 

     

 

  

(c)           Power and Authority of the Board . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (i) the Board may, at any time and from time to time, without any further action of the Committee, exercise the powers and duties of the Committee under the Plan, unless the exercise of such powers and duties by the Board would cause the Plan not to comply with the requirements of Rule 16b-3 or Section 162(m); and (ii) only the Committee (or another committee of the Board comprised of directors who qualify as independent directors, to the extent required by applicable law or independence rules of any applicable securities exchange where the Shares are then listed) may grant Awards to Directors who are not also employees of the Company or an Affiliate

 

(d)           Indemnification . To the full extent permitted by law, (i) no member of the Board, the Committee or any person to whom the Committee delegates authority under the Plan shall be liable for any action or determination taken or made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Award made under the Plan, and (ii) the members of the Board, the Committee and each person to whom the Committee delegates authority under the Plan shall be entitled to indemnification by the Company with regard to such actions and determinations. The provisions of this paragraph shall be in addition to such other rights of indemnification as a member of the Board, the Committee or any other person may have by virtue of such person’s position with the Company.

 

Section 4.          Shares Available for Awards

 

(a)           Shares Available . Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 4(c) of the Plan, the aggregate number of Shares that may be issued under all Awards under the Plan shall be the sum of (i) 2,200,000 (the authorized net increase of Shares in connection with the adoption of the Plan), (ii) 271,906 (the remaining Shares available for future awards under the Prior Stock Plan as of June 10, 2014), and (iii) any Shares subject to any outstanding award under the Prior Stock Plan that, after June 10, 2014, are not purchased or are forfeited or reacquired by the Company, or otherwise not delivered to the Participant due to termination or cancellation of such award. The aggregate number of Shares that may be issued under all Awards under the Plan shall be reduced by Shares subject to awards issued under the Plan (or issued under the Prior Stock Plan after June 10, 2014, if any) in accordance with the share counting rules described in Section 4(b) below. On and after stockholder approval of this Plan, no awards shall be granted under the Prior Stock Plan, but all outstanding awards previously granted under the Prior Stock Plan shall remain outstanding and subject to the terms of the Prior Stock Plan.

   

(b)           Counting Shares . For purposes of this Section 4, if an Award entitles the holder thereof to receive or purchase Shares, the number of Shares covered by such Award or to which such Award relates shall be counted on the date of grant of such Award against the aggregate number of Shares available for granting Awards under the Plan. For purposes of determining the number of Shares covered on the date of grant by an Option or a Stock Appreciation Right, the aggregate number of Shares with respect to which the Option or Stock Appreciation Right is to be exercised shall be counted against the number of Shares available for Awards under the Plan (without regard to the number of actual Shares issued upon exercise or settlement). If any Shares covered by an Award or to which an Award relates are not purchased or are forfeited or are reacquired by the Company (including shares of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units, whether or not dividends have been paid on such shares), or if an Award otherwise terminates or is cancelled without delivery of any Shares, then the number of Shares counted pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Plan against the aggregate number of Shares available under the Plan with respect to such Award, to the extent of any such forfeiture, reacquisition by the Company, termination or cancellation, shall again be available for granting Awards under the Plan. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 4, the following Shares will not again become available for issuance under the Plan: (i) any Shares which would have been issued upon any exercise of an Option but for the fact that the exercise price was paid by a “net exercise” pursuant to Section 6(a)(iii)(B) or any Shares tendered in payment of the exercise price of an Option; (ii) any Shares withheld by the Company or Shares tendered to satisfy any tax withholding obligation with respect to an Option or Stock Appreciation Right; (iii) Shares covered by a Stock Appreciation Right issued under the Plan that are not issued in connection with settlement in Shares upon exercise; or (iv) Shares that are repurchased by the Company using Option exercise proceeds.

 

     

 

  

(c)           Adjustments . In the event that any dividend (other than regular cash dividends) or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Shares, other securities or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of Shares or other securities of the Company, issuance of warrants or other rights to purchase Shares or other securities of the Company or other similar corporate transaction or event affects the Shares such that an adjustment is necessary in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Plan, then the Committee shall, in such manner as it may deem equitable, adjust any or all of (i) the number and type of Shares (or other securities or other property) that thereafter may be made the subject of Awards, (ii) the number and type of Shares (or other securities or other property) subject to outstanding Awards, (iii) the purchase price or exercise price with respect to any Award and (iv) the limitations contained in Section 4(d)(i) below; provided , however , that the number of Shares covered by any Award or to which such Award relates shall always be a whole number. Such adjustment shall be made by the Committee or the Board, whose determination in that respect shall be final, binding and conclusive.

   

(d)           Award Limitations Under the Plan .

 

(i) Section 162(m) Limitation for Performance Awards Denominated in Shares . No Eligible Person may be granted any Performance Awards denominated in Shares, for more than 400,000 Shares (subject to adjustment as provided for in Section 4(c) of the Plan), in the aggregate in any calendar year.

 

(ii) Section 162(m) Limitation for Performance Awards Denominated in Cash . The maximum amount payable pursuant to all Performance Awards denominated in cash to any Participant in the aggregate in any taxable year shall be $2,000,000 in value, whether payable in cash, Shares or other property. This limitation contained in this Section 4(d)(ii) does not apply to any Award or Awards subject to the limitation contained in Section 4(d)(i). The limitation contained in this Section 4(d)(ii) shall apply only with respect to any Award or Awards granted under this Plan, and limitations on awards granted under any other stockholder-approved incentive plan maintained by the Company will be governed solely by the terms of such other plan.

 

(iii) Limit on Awards to Non-Employee Directors . Directors who are not also employees of the Company or an Affiliate may not be granted Awards in in any calendar year of more than 30,000 Shares, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 4(c) of the Plan.

 

Section 5. Eligibility

 

Any Eligible Person shall be eligible to be designated as a Participant. In determining which Eligible Persons shall receive an Award and the terms of any Award, the Committee may take into account the nature of the services rendered by the respective Eligible Persons, their present and potential contributions to the success of the Company or such other factors as the Committee, in its discretion, shall deem relevant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Incentive Stock Option may only be granted to full-time or part-time employees (which term as used herein includes, without limitation, officers and Directors who are also employees), and an Incentive Stock Option shall not be granted to an employee of an Affiliate unless such Affiliate is also a “subsidiary corporation” of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code or any successor provision.

 

Section 6. Awards

 

(a)           Options . The Committee is hereby authorized to grant Options to Eligible Persons with the following terms and conditions and with such additional terms and conditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan as the Committee shall determine:

 

(i) Exercise Price . The purchase price per Share purchasable under an Option shall be determined by the Committee and shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant of such Option; provided, however, that the Committee may designate a purchase price below Fair Market Value on the date of grant if the Option is granted in substitution for a stock option previously granted by an entity that is acquired by or merged with the Company or an Affiliate.
     

 

  

(ii) Option Term . The term of each Option shall be fixed by the Committee at the time but shall not be longer than 10 years from the date of grant.

 

(iii) Time and Method of Exercise . The Committee shall determine the time or times at which an Option may be exercised in whole or in part and the method or methods by which, and the form or forms, including, but not limited to, cash, Shares (actually or by attestation), other securities, other Awards or other property, or any combination thereof, having a Fair Market Value on the exercise date equal to the applicable exercise price, in which, payment of the exercise price with respect thereto may be made or deemed to have been made.

 

(A) Promissory Notes . Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not accept a promissory note as consideration.

 

(B) Net Exercises . The Committee may, in its discretion, permit an Option to be exercised by delivering to the Participant a number of Shares having an aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date of exercise) equal to the excess, if positive, of the Fair Market Value of the Shares underlying the Option being exercised on the date of exercise, over the exercise price of the Option for such Shares.

 

(iv) Incentive Stock Options . Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, the following additional provisions shall apply to the grant of stock options which are intended to qualify as Incentive Stock Options:

 

(A) The Committee will not grant Incentive Stock Options in which the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the Option is granted) of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by any Participant during any calendar year (under this Plan and all other plans of the Company and its Affiliates) shall exceed $100,000.

 

(B) All Incentive Stock Options must be granted within ten years from the earlier of the date on which this Plan was adopted by the Board or the date this Plan was approved by the stockholders of the Company.

 

(C) Unless sooner exercised, all Incentive Stock Options shall expire and no longer be exercisable no later than 10 years after the date of grant; provided , however , that in the case of a grant of an Incentive Stock Option to a Participant who, at the time such Option is granted, owns (within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code) stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of its Affiliates, such Incentive Stock Option shall expire and no longer be exercisable no later than five years from the date of grant.

 

(D) The purchase price per Share for an Incentive Stock Option shall be not less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant of the Incentive Stock Option; provided , however , that, in the case of the grant of an Incentive Stock Option to a Participant who, at the time such Option is granted, owns (within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code) stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of its Affiliates, the purchase price per Share purchasable under an Incentive Stock Option shall be not less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant of the Incentive Stock Option.

 

     

 

  

(E) Any Incentive Stock Option authorized under the Plan shall contain such other provisions as the Committee shall deem advisable, but shall in all events be consistent with and contain all provisions required in order to qualify the Option as an Incentive Stock Option. 

 

(b)           Stock Appreciation Rights . The Committee is hereby authorized to grant Stock Appreciation Rights to Eligible Persons subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement. A Stock Appreciation Right granted under the Plan shall confer on the holder thereof a right to receive upon exercise thereof the excess of (i) the Fair Market Value of one Share on the date of exercise over (ii) the grant price of the Stock Appreciation Right as specified by the Committee, which price shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of one Share on the date of grant of the Stock Appreciation Right; provided, however, that the Committee may designate a grant price below Fair Market Value on the date of grant if the Stock Appreciation Right is granted in substitution for a stock appreciation right previously granted by an entity that is acquired by or merged with the Company or an Affiliate. Subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, the grant price, term, methods of exercise, dates of exercise, methods of settlement and any other terms and conditions of any Stock Appreciation Right shall be as determined by the Committee (except that the term of each Stock Appreciation Right shall be subject to the term limitation in Section 6(a)(ii) applicable to Options). The Committee may impose such conditions or restrictions on the exercise of any Stock Appreciation Right as it may deem appropriate.

   

(c)           Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units . The Committee is hereby authorized to grant an Award of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units to Eligible Persons with the following terms and conditions and with such additional terms and conditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan as the Committee shall determine:

 

(i) Restrictions . Shares of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to such restrictions as the Committee may impose (including, without limitation, any limitation on the right to vote a Share of Restricted Stock or the right to receive any dividend or other right or property with respect thereto), which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times, in such installments or otherwise as the Committee may deem appropriate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, rights to dividend or Dividend Equivalent payments shall be subject to the limitations described in Section 6(e).

 

(ii) Issuance and Delivery of Shares . Any Restricted Stock granted under the Plan shall be issued at the time such Awards are granted and may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee may deem appropriate, including book-entry registration or issuance of a stock certificate or certificates, which certificate or certificates shall be held by the Company or held in nominee name by the stock transfer agent or brokerage service selected by the Company to provide such services for the Plan. Such certificate or certificates shall be registered in the name of the Participant and shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock. Shares representing Restricted Stock that are no longer subject to restrictions shall be delivered (including by updating the book-entry registration) to the Participant promptly after the applicable restrictions lapse or are waived. In the case of Restricted Stock Units, no Shares shall be issued at the time such Awards are granted. Upon the lapse or waiver of restrictions and the restricted period relating to Restricted Stock Units evidencing the right to receive Shares, such Shares shall be issued and delivered to the holder of the Restricted Stock Units.

 

(iii) Forfeiture . Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, upon a Participant’s termination of employment or resignation or removal as a Director (in either case, as determined under criteria established by the Committee) during the applicable restriction period, all Shares of Restricted Stock and all Restricted Stock Units held by such Participant at such time shall be forfeited and reacquired by the Company; provided , however , that the Committee may waive in whole or in part any or all remaining restrictions with respect to Shares of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units. 

 

     

 

  

(d)           Performance Awards . The Committee is hereby authorized to grant to Eligible Persons Performance Awards that are intended to be “qualified performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Section 162(m). A Performance Award granted under the Plan (i) may be denominated or payable in cash, Shares (including, without limitation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units), other securities, other Awards or other property and (ii) shall confer on the holder thereof the right to receive payments, in whole or in part, upon the achievement of one or more objective Performance Goals during such performance periods as the Committee shall establish. Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Performance Goals to be achieved during any performance period, the length of any performance period, the amount of any Performance Award granted, the amount of any payment or transfer to be made pursuant to any Performance Award and any other terms and conditions of any Performance Award shall be determined by the Committee. Performance Awards shall be conditioned solely on the achievement of one or more objective Performance Goals established by the Committee within the time prescribed by Section 162(m), and shall otherwise comply with the requirements of Section 162(m), as described below. 

 

(i) Timing of Designations; Duration of Performance Periods . For each Performance Award, the Committee shall, not later than 90 days after the beginning of each performance period, (i) designate all Participants for such performance period and (ii) establish the objective performance factors for each Participant for that performance period on the basis of one or more of the Performance Goals, the outcome of which is substantially uncertain at the time the Committee actually establishes the Performance Goal. The Committee shall have sole discretion to determine the applicable performance period, provided that in the case of a performance period less than 12 months, in no event shall a performance goal be considered to be pre-established if it is established after 25 percent of the performance period (as scheduled in good faith at the time the Performance Goal is established) has elapsed. To the extent required under Section 162(m), the terms of the objective performance factors must preclude discretion to increase an amount paid in connection with an Award, but may permit discretion to reduce such amount.

 

(ii) Certification . Following the close of each performance period and prior to payment of any amount to a Participant with respect to a Performance Award, the Committee shall certify in writing as to the attainment of all factors (including the performance factors for a Participant) upon which any payments to a Participant for that performance period are to be based.

  

(e)           Dividend Equivalents . The Committee is hereby authorized to grant Dividend Equivalents to Eligible Persons under which the Participant shall be entitled to receive payments (in cash, Shares, other securities, other Awards or other property as determined in the discretion of the Committee) equivalent to the amount of cash dividends paid by the Company to holders of Shares with respect to a number of Shares determined by the Committee. Subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, such Dividend Equivalents may have such terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Committee may not grant Dividend Equivalents to Eligible Persons in connection with grants of Options or Stock Appreciation Rights to such Eligible Persons, and (ii) no dividend or Dividend Equivalent payments shall be made to a Participant with respect to any Performance Award or other Award subject to performance-based vesting conditions prior to the date on which all conditions or restrictions relating to such Award (or portion thereof to which the dividend or Dividend Equivalent relates) have been satisfied, waived or lapsed.

 

(f)           General .

 

(i) Consideration for Awards . Awards may be granted for no cash consideration or for any cash or other consideration as may be determined by the Committee or required by applicable law.

 

     

 

  

(ii) Awards May Be Granted Separately or Together . Awards may, in the discretion of the Committee, be granted either alone or in addition to, in tandem with or in substitution for any other Award or any award granted under any other plan of the Company or any Affiliate. Awards granted in addition to or in tandem with other Awards or in addition to or in tandem with awards granted under any other plan of the Company or any Affiliate may be granted either at the same time as or at a different time from the grant of such other Awards or awards.

 

(iii) Forms of Payment under Awards . Subject to the terms of the Plan and of any applicable Award Agreement, payments or transfers to be made by the Company or an Affiliate upon the grant, exercise or payment of an Award may be made in such form or forms as the Committee shall determine (including, without limitation, cash, Shares, other securities (but excluding promissory notes), other Awards or other property or any combination thereof), and may be made in a single payment or transfer, in installments or on a deferred basis, in each case in accordance with rules and procedures established by the Committee. Such rules and procedures may include, without limitation, provisions for the payment or crediting of reasonable interest on installment or deferred payments or the grant or crediting of Dividend Equivalents with respect to installment or deferred payments.

 

(iv) Limits on Transfer of Awards . Except as otherwise provided by the Committee in its discretion and subject to such additional terms and conditions as it determines, no Award (other than fully vested and unrestricted Shares issued pursuant to any Award) and no right under any such Award shall be transferable by a Participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and no Award (other than fully vested and unrestricted Shares issued pursuant to any Award) or right under any such Award may be pledged, alienated, attached or otherwise encumbered, and any purported pledge, alienation, attachment or encumbrance thereof shall be void and unenforceable against the Company or any Affiliate. If the Committee does permit the transfer of an Award other than a fully vested and unrestricted Share, such transfer shall be for no value and in accordance with the rules of Form S-8. The Committee may establish procedures as it deems appropriate for a Participant to designate a person or persons, as beneficiary or beneficiaries, to exercise the rights of the Participant and receive any property distributable with respect to any Award in the event of the Participant’s death.

 

(v) Restrictions; Securities Exchange Listing . All Shares or other securities delivered under the Plan pursuant to any Award or the exercise thereof shall be subject to such restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable under the Plan, applicable federal or state securities laws and regulatory requirements, and the Committee may cause appropriate entries to be made with respect to, or legends to be placed on the certificates for, such Shares or other securities to reflect such restrictions. The Company shall not be required to deliver any Shares or other securities covered by an Award unless and until the requirements of any federal or state securities or other laws, rules or regulations (including the rules of any securities exchange) as may be determined by the Company to be applicable are satisfied.

 

(vi) Option and Stock Appreciation Right Repricing . The Committee may effect any repricing of any previously granted, “underwater” Option or Stock Appreciation Right by: (i) amending or modifying the terms of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right to lower the exercise price; (ii) canceling the underwater Option or Stock Appreciation Right and granting either (A) replacement Options or Stock Appreciation Rights having a lower exercise price; or (B) Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Award or Other Stock-Based Award in exchange; or (iii) repurchasing the underwater Option or Stock Appreciation Right. An Option or Stock Appreciation Right will be deemed to be “underwater” at any time when the Fair Market Value of the Shares covered by such Option or Stock Appreciation Right is less than the exercise price.

 

     

 

 

(vii) Section 409A Provisions . Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or any Award Agreement to the contrary, to the extent that any amount or benefit that constitutes “deferred compensation” to a Participant under Section 409A and applicable guidance thereunder is otherwise payable or distributable to a Participant under the Plan or any Award Agreement solely by reason of the occurrence of a change in control or due to the Participant’s disability or “separation from service” (as such term is defined under Section 409A), such amount or benefit will not be payable or distributable to the Participant by reason of such circumstance unless the Committee determines in good faith that (i) the circumstances giving rise to such change in control, disability or separation from service meet the definition of a change in ownership or effective control, disability, or separation from service, as the case may be, in Section 409A(a)(2)(A) of the Code and applicable proposed or final regulations, or (ii) the payment or distribution of such amount or benefit would be exempt from the application of Section 409A by reason of the short-term deferral exemption or otherwise. Any payment or distribution that otherwise would be made to a Participant who is a Specified Employee (as determined by the Committee in good faith) on account of separation from service may not be made before the date which is six months after the date of the Specified Employee’s separation from service (or if earlier, upon the Specified Employee’s death) unless the payment or distribution is exempt from the application of Section 409A by reason of the short-term deferral exemption or otherwise.. 

 

Section 7.          Amendment and Termination; Corrections

 

(a)           Amendments to the Plan and Awards . The Board may from time to time amend, suspend or terminate this Plan, and the Committee may amend the terms of any previously granted Award, provided that no amendment to the terms of any previously granted Award may, (except as expressly provided in the Plan) adversely alter or impair the terms or conditions of the Award previously granted to a Participant under this Plan without the written consent of the Participant or holder thereof. Any amendment to this Plan, or to the terms of any Award previously granted, is subject to compliance with all applicable laws, rules, regulations and policies of any applicable governmental entity or securities exchange, including receipt of any required approval from the governmental entity or stock exchange. For greater certainty and without limiting the foregoing, the Board may amend, suspend, terminate or discontinue the Plan, and the Committee may amend or alter any previously granted Award, as applicable, without obtaining the approval of stockholders of the Company in order to:

 

(i) amend the eligibility for, and limitations or conditions imposed upon, participation in the Plan;

 

(ii) amend any terms relating to the granting or exercise of Awards, including but not limited to terms relating to the amount and payment of the exercise price, or the vesting, expiry, assignment or adjustment of Awards, or otherwise waive any conditions of or rights of the Company under any outstanding Award, prospectively or retroactively;

 

(iii) make changes that are necessary or desirable to comply with applicable laws, rules, regulations and policies of any applicable governmental entity or stock exchange (including amendments to Awards necessary or desirable to avoid any adverse tax results under Section 409A, and no action taken to comply with Section 409A shall be deemed to impair or otherwise adversely alter or impair the rights of any holder of an Award or beneficiary thereof); or

 

(iv) amend any terms relating to the administration of the Plan, including the terms of any administrative guidelines or other rules related to the Plan.

 

For greater certainty, prior approval of the stockholders of the Company shall be required for any amendment to the Plan or an Award that would:

 

     

 

  

(i) require stockholder approval under the rules or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the NASDAQ Stock Market or any other securities exchange that are applicable to the Company;

 

(ii) increase the number of shares authorized under the Plan as specified in Section 4(a) of the Plan;

 

(iii) increase the number of shares or value subject to the limitations contained in Section 4(d) of the Plan or otherwise cause Section 162(m) to become unavailable with respect to the Plan;

 

(iv) permit the award of Options or Stock Appreciation Rights at a price less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant of such Option or Stock Appreciation Right, contrary to the provisions of Section 6(a)(i) and Section 6(b) of the Plan; or

 

(v) increase the maximum term permitted for Options and Stock Appreciation Rights as specified in Section 6(a)(ii) and Section 6(b).

 

(b)           Corporate Transactions . In the event of any Change in Control Event, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, plan of arrangement, take-over bid or tender offer, repurchase or exchange of Shares or other securities of the Company or any other similar corporate transaction or event involving the Company (or the Company shall enter into a written agreement to undergo such a transaction or event), any such event defined herein as a “Corporate Transaction”, the Committee or the Board may, in its sole discretion, provide for one or more of the following to be effective upon the consummation of the event (or effective immediately prior to the consummation of the event, provided that the consummation of the event subsequently occurs), and no action taken under this Section 7(b) shall be deemed to impair or otherwise adversely alter or impair the rights of any holder of an Award or beneficiary thereof:

 

(i) either (A) termination of any Award, whether or not vested, in exchange for an amount of cash and/or other property, if any, equal to the gain that would have been attained upon the exercise of the Award or realization of the Participant’s rights or (B) the replacement of the Award with other rights or property of comparable value selected by the Committee or the Board, in its sole discretion;

 

(ii) that the Award be assumed by the successor or survivor corporation, or a parent or subsidiary thereof, or shall be substituted for by similar options, rights or awards covering the stock of the successor or survivor corporation, or a parent or subsidiary thereof, with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of shares and prices;

 

(iii) that the Award shall be exercisable or payable or fully vested with respect to all Shares covered thereby, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the applicable Award Agreement; or

 

(iv) that the Award cannot vest, be exercised or become payable after a date certain in the future, which may be the effective date of the event. 

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Award, or any portion thereof, that is neither assumed by the successor or survivor corporation nor substituted as provided in (b)(ii) above, then the portion of the Award that is not assumed or substituted shall become fully vested, exercisable and payable with respect to all shares covered thereby. Furthermore, in the event the Committee or the Board uses its discretion under Section 7(b)(i)(A) above to terminate an unexercised Option or Stock Appreciation Right held by a Participant who has not terminated employment or otherwise separated from service with the Company and its Affiliates, and if the Black Scholes value of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right (determined at the time the Award is terminated) exceeds the gain that would have been realized upon exercise of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, the Company shall pay an additional cash bonus equal to the excess of the Black Scholes value over the gain (if any) that would have been realized upon exercise. In such event where the Black Scholes value exceeds the gain that would have been realized upon exercise of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, the excess shall be treated as a short-term deferral for purposes of Section 409A, payable upon the Corporate Transaction to Participants who are then in employment or service with the Company and its Affiliates and solely in connection with the termination of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right as described in Section 7(b)(i)(A) above, and not in connection with any exercise of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right.

 

     

 

  

(c)           Correction of Defects, Omissions and Inconsistencies . The Committee may, without prior approval of the stockholders of the Company, correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or in any Award or Award Agreement in the manner and to the extent it shall deem desirable to implement or maintain the effectiveness of the Plan.

 

Section 8.          Income Tax Withholding

 

In order to comply with all applicable federal, state, local or foreign income tax laws or regulations, the Company may take such action as it deems appropriate to ensure that all applicable federal, state, local or foreign payroll, withholding, income or other taxes, which are the sole and absolute responsibility of a Participant, are withheld or collected from such Participant. In order to assist a Participant in paying all or a portion of the applicable taxes to be withheld or collected upon exercise or receipt of (or the lapse of restrictions relating to) an Award, the Committee, in its discretion and subject to such additional terms and conditions as it may adopt, may permit the Participant to satisfy such tax obligation by (a) electing to have the Company withhold a portion of the Shares otherwise to be delivered upon exercise or receipt of (or the lapse of restrictions relating to) such Award with a Fair Market Value equal to the amount of such taxes (but only to the extent necessary to satisfy minimum statutory withholding requirements) or (b) delivering to the Company Shares other than Shares issuable upon exercise or receipt of (or the lapse of restrictions relating to) such Award with a Fair Market Value equal to the amount of such taxes. The election, if any, must be made on or before the date that the amount of tax to be withheld is determined.

 

Section 9.          General Provisions

 

(a)           No Rights to Awards . No Eligible Person, Participant or other person shall have any claim to be granted any Award under the Plan, and there is no obligation for uniformity of treatment of Eligible Persons, Participants or holders or beneficiaries of Awards under the Plan. The terms and conditions of Awards need not be the same with respect to any Participant or with respect to different Participants.

  

(b)           Award Agreements . No Participant shall have rights under an Award granted to such Participant unless and until an Award Agreement shall have been signed by the Participant (if requested by the Company), or until such Award Agreement is delivered and accepted through an electronic medium in accordance with procedures established by the Company. An Award Agreement need not be signed by a representative of the Company unless required by the Committee. Each Award Agreement shall be subject to the applicable terms and conditions of the Plan and any other terms and conditions (not inconsistent with the Plan) determined by the Committee.

 

(c)           Plan Provisions Control . In the event that any provision of an Award Agreement conflicts with or is inconsistent in any respect with the terms of the Plan as set forth herein or subsequently amended, the terms of the Plan shall control.

 

(d)           No Rights of Stockholders . Except with respect to Shares issued under Awards (and subject to such conditions as the Committee may impose on such Awards pursuant to Section 6(c)(i) or Section 6(e)), neither a Participant nor the Participant’s legal representative shall be, or have any of the rights and privileges of, a stockholder of the Company with respect to any Shares issuable upon the exercise or payment of any Award, in whole or in part, unless and until such Shares have been issued.

 

     

 

  

(e)           No Limit on Other Compensation Arrangements . Nothing contained in the Plan shall prevent the Company or any Affiliate from adopting or continuing in effect other or additional compensation plans or arrangements, and such plans or arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

 

(f)           No Right to Employment . The grant of an Award shall not be construed as giving a Participant the right to be retained as an employee of the Company or any Affiliate, nor will it affect in any way the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate a Participant’s employment at any time, with or without cause, in accordance with applicable law. In addition, the Company or an Affiliate may at any time dismiss a Participant from employment free from any liability or any claim under the Plan or any Award, unless otherwise expressly provided in the Plan or in any Award Agreement. Nothing in this Plan shall confer on any person any legal or equitable right against the Company or any Affiliate, directly or indirectly, or give rise to any cause of action at law or in equity against the Company or an Affiliate. Under no circumstances shall any person ceasing to be an employee of the Company or any Affiliate be entitled to any compensation for any loss of any right or benefit under the Plan which such employee might otherwise have enjoyed but for termination of employment, whether such compensation is claimed by way of damages for wrongful or unfair dismissal, breach of contract or otherwise. By participating in the Plan, each Participant shall be deemed to have accepted all the conditions of the Plan and the terms and conditions of any rules and regulations adopted by the Committee and shall be fully bound thereby.

 

(g)           Governing Law . The internal law, and not the law of conflicts, of the State of Delaware shall govern all questions concerning the validity, construction and effect of the Plan or any Award, and any rules and regulations relating to the Plan or any Award.

 

(h)           Severability . If any provision of the Plan or any Award is or becomes or is deemed to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction or would disqualify the Plan or any Award under any law deemed applicable by the Committee, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to applicable laws, or if it cannot be so construed or deemed amended without, in the determination of the Committee, materially altering the purpose or intent of the Plan or the Award, such provision shall be stricken as to such jurisdiction or Award, and the remainder of the Plan or any such Award shall remain in full force and effect.

 

(i)           No Trust or Fund Created . Neither the Plan nor any Award shall create or be construed to create a trust or separate fund of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between the Company or any Affiliate and a Participant or any other person. To the extent that any person acquires a right to receive payments from the Company or any Affiliate pursuant to an Award, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Company or any Affiliate.

  

(j)           Other Benefits . No compensation or benefit awarded to or realized by any Participant under the Plan shall be included for the purpose of computing such Participant’s compensation or benefits under any pension, retirement, savings, profit sharing, group insurance, disability, severance, termination pay, welfare or other benefit plan of the Company, unless required by law or otherwise provided by such other plan.

 

(k)           No Fractional Shares . No fractional Shares shall be issued or delivered pursuant to the Plan or any Award, and the Committee shall determine whether cash shall be paid in lieu of any fractional Share or whether such fractional Share or any rights thereto shall be canceled, terminated or otherwise eliminated.

 

(l)           Headings . Headings are given to the sections and subsections of the Plan solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. Such headings shall not be deemed in any way material or relevant to the construction or interpretation of the Plan or any provision thereof.

 

Section 10.         Clawback or Recoupment

 

All Awards under this Plan shall be subject to forfeiture or other penalties pursuant to any Company clawback policy, as may be adopted or amended from time to time, and such forfeiture and/or penalty conditions or provisions as determined by the Committee.

 

     

 

  

Section 11.         Effective Date of the Plan

 

The Plan was adopted by the Board on April 15, 2014. The Plan shall be subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Company to be held on June 10, 2014, and the Plan shall be effective as of the date of such stockholder approval (the “Effective Date”). On and after stockholder approval of the Plan, no awards shall be granted under the Prior Stock Plan, but all outstanding awards previously granted under the Prior Stock Plan shall remain outstanding and subject to the terms of the Prior Plan.

 

Section 12.         Term of the Plan

 

No Award shall be granted under the Plan, and the Plan shall terminate, on April 15, 2024 or any earlier date of discontinuation or termination established pursuant to Section 7(a) of the Plan; provided, however, that no Performance Award shall be granted under the Plan after the first stockholder meeting to occur in the fifth year following the year in which stockholders approved the Performance Goals unless and until the Performance Goals or the Plan is re-approved by the stockholders. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the Plan or in an applicable Award Agreement, any Award theretofore granted may extend beyond such dates, and the authority of the Committee provided for hereunder with respect to the Plan and any Awards, and the authority of the Board to amend the Plan, shall extend beyond the termination of the Plan.

 

     

 

EXHIBIT 31.1

 

CERTIFICATIONS

 

I, Mahesh V. Patel, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Lipocine Inc.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Dated: August 9, 2016     /s/ Mahesh V. Patel
      Mahesh V. Patel, President and Chief Executive Officer
      (Principal Executive Officer)

 

     

 

 

EXHIBIT 31.2

 

CERTIFICATIONS

 

I, Morgan R. Brown, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Lipocine Inc.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Dated: August 9, 2016     /s/ Morgan R. Brown
     

Morgan R. Brown, Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

     

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Lipocine Inc. (the “Corporation”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Mahesh V. Patel, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, hereby certifies, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.

 

Dated: August 9, 2016     /s/ Mahesh V. Patel
     

Mahesh V. Patel, President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

 

     

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.2

 

CERTIFICATION

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Lipocine Inc. (the “Corporation”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Morgan R. Brown, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, hereby certifies, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.

 

Dated: August 9, 2016     /s/ Morgan R. Brown
     

Morgan R. Brown, Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)