ITEM 3.          Key Information

A. Selected Financial Data

The following table presents selected consolidated financial information for our company. The consolidated statements of profit or (loss) data for the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and our consolidated financial position data as of June 30, 2016 and 2015 included elsewhere in this annual report have been derived from our consolidated financial statements for the relevant periods, and are prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB. We adopted IFRS effective as of and for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014 by applying IFRS 1: First-Time Adoption of International Reporting Standards.

In accordance with rule amendments adopted by the SEC, we have not provided a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. Further, pursuant to the transitional relief granted by the SEC in respect of the first-time application of IFRS, financial and operating data as of and for the two years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have not been included below.

Commencing with the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, we changed the presentation currency of our consolidated financial statements from the Renminbi to the US dollar. We believe that the US dollar is more appropriate than Renminbi for presenting our performance and financial position, due to the global nature of our operations, the worldwide recognition of the US dollar, and the greater ease in making direct comparisons with industry peers and other US-listed companies. We have evolved from historically a China-based company into a group with global reach. We have a presence in various markets, including New Zealand, Australia, Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina, as well as exposure to customers in over forty countries across every continent through our international trading and seed multiplication businesses. As a change in presentation currency is a change of accounting policy, all comparative financial information has been restated into US dollars in this annual report. As a result, all financial information contained herein is expressed in US dollars, unless otherwise stated.

Our historical results do not necessarily indicate results expected for any future periods. You should read the following information in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report.

Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been audited by GHP Horwath, P.C., or GHP Horwath, an independent registered public accounting firm.

The following table presents a summary of our consolidated financial position data as of June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

A fully imputed 2016 interim dividend of NZ$1.75 cents per share of PGW was paid on April 5, 2016 and a fully imputed 2015 final dividend of NZ$2.0 cents per share of PGW was paid on October 1, 2015. A fully imputed 2015 interim dividend of NZ$2.0 cents per share of PGW was paid on April 8, 2015 and a fully imputed 2014 final dividend of NZ$3.5 cents per share of PGW was paid on October 3, 2014.

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business

We face risks related to PGW’s business and operations that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

A substantial portion of our revenues have been, and we expect will continue to be, derived from PGW, and therefore our revenues have been and will continue to be directly tied to the business and operations of PGW. PGW is New Zealand’s leading provider of agricultural products and services and its business is spread across the agriculture, livestock, merchandising, insurance, real estate, irrigation and water and financial services sectors, all of which may be subject to various risks and factors beyond our control. If PGW’s business and operations are not as successful as we expect or its revenues do not reach levels that we expected when we acquired our shareholding in it, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

We are dependent on the rural sectors in the markets where we operate.

Our revenues and results of operations depend significantly on the prospects of the New Zealand, Australian and South American rural sectors where we primarily operate. Our prospects also depend, to a significant extent, on positive farmer sentiment both in New Zealand and the other countries where we operate, which can be affected by a wide range of factors outside our control. The following are key factors and risks that can have a material impact on the performance of the rural sector and farmer sentiment and in turn our business performance:

We may not be able to compete successfully in the markets and sectors in which we operate.

The agricultural services sector and other markets in which we operate are competitive. The market share of our competitors may increase and our market share may decrease as a result of various factors, including a change in consumer preferences toward products or services offered by competitors, pricing (including pricing reductions due to “forced sales” by any competitors in financial distress or having an oversupply of products), payment terms, terms of business and promotional strategies implemented by competitors, improved distribution of competitors’ products or services in each market, and enhanced price competitiveness due to exchange rate fluctuations, lower costs of production or otherwise. Additionally, new competitors may attempt to enter the markets in which we operate by offering products or services at lower prices to gain market share, which would negatively impact our performance and results of operation.

Our seeds production and trading may be subject to certain risks.

We produce and procure seeds from a variety of sources. However, the sources of our seeds supply are subject to risks associated with growing crops, including natural disasters (such as drought), pestilence, plant diseases, insect infestations and man-made disasters (such as contamination). In addition, seeds inventories can be affected by other man-made interventions, such as arson. Our ability to trade seeds internationally is also dependent on biosecurity controls imposed by importing countries. Changes in regulations or a failure of our products to meet the required standards could result in us being unable to sell seeds or meet customer demand, which would adversely affect our business prospects and results of operation.

Extreme weather conditions and other natural or man-made disasters could damage our production and adversely affect demand from end users/farmers, which would cause a material reduction in revenues.

Customer demand for our products are subject to the risks associated with agriculture, including extreme weather conditions and other natural disasters such as drought, flood, snowstorm, earthquake, pestilence, plant diseases and insect infestations. The quality, cost and volume of seeds and other products that we produce could be materially adversely affected by extreme weather conditions or natural disasters; similarly, the end users of our seed products could also be adversely affected and as a result harming our sales and profitability. Man-made disasters, such as arson or other acts that may adversely affect our inventory in the winter storage season, may also damage our products or our production facilities. Furthermore, natural or man-made disasters may cause farmers to migrate from their farmland, which would decrease the number of end users of our products. We do not have insurance to protect against such risks. As a result, extreme weather conditions and other natural disasters may affect our customers’ demand for our products, which would adversely affect our business prospects and results of operations.

Future acquisitions or divestitures could materially change our business and materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our key strategic priorities require our ongoing efforts in pursuing strategic acquisitions, investments and strategic partnerships. In April 2011, we completed our acquisition of 50.01% of equity interest in PGW, New Zealand’s largest rural services business, which offers a wide range of products, services and solutions to farmers, growers and processors in New Zealand and internationally.

Presented with appropriate opportunities, we may acquire businesses or assets that we believe complement our existing business. Any such acquisitions are invariably subject to associated execution risk including issues relating to the integration of new operations and personnel, geographical coordination, retention of key management personnel, systems integration and the reconciliation of corporate cultures. The acquisition and integration could cause the diversion of management’s attention or resources from our existing business or cause a temporary interruption of or loss of momentum in our business. We could also lose key personnel from the acquired companies. There may be unforeseen or hidden liabilities or we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to offset new costs of acquisitions, investments and strategic partnerships. The execution of international expansion of our operations exposes us to a number of additional risks including difficulties in staffing and managing overseas operations, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, increased costs associated with maintaining the ability to understand local trends, difficulties and costs relating to compliance with the different commercial, legal and regulatory requirements of the overseas locations in which we operate, failure to develop appropriate risk management and internal control structures tailored to overseas operations, inability to obtain, maintain or enforce intellectual property rights, unanticipated changes in economic conditions and regulatory requirements in overseas environment. These risks associated with strategic repositioning, future acquisitions, investments and strategic partnerships could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Any acquisitions and divestitures may materially affect our operations and business mix. We may also incur costs, suffer losses or incur liabilities in connection with these acquisitions or divestitures. Any acquisitions and divestitures could also result in reduction in our ADS price as result of any of the foregoing or because of market reaction to a transaction and diversion of management’s attention from other concerns. Any such acquisition or divestiture could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any plans to increase our production capacity and expand into new markets may not be successful, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We may make other acquisitions or expansions in the future, which may place substantial demand on our managerial, operational, technological and other resources. Our failure to manage our product offerings, operations and distribution channels effectively and efficiently could materially adversely affect our operating results.

As part of our development, we may expand the geographic areas in which we sell or produce our products. Expansion into new markets may present operating and marketing challenges that differ from those that we currently encounter in our existing markets. For example, in April 2011, we completed a transaction to increase our shareholding in PGW from 19% to a controlling 50.01%, which subsequently increased to 50.22% in June 2011 as a result of share repurchases made by PGW. If we are unable to anticipate the changing demands that our expanding operations will impose on our management capacities, production systems and distribution channels, or if we fail to adapt our production systems and distribution channels to changing demands in a timely manner, our revenues could decline, our expenses could rise and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our management, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success depends significantly upon the continued services of our management, including the management of our operating entities. We rely on our management’s experience in product development, business operations and sales and marketing, as well as on their relationships with distributors and relevant government authorities. If one or more of our key management personnel is unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all. The loss of the services of our key management personnel, in the absence of suitable replacements, could materially adversely affect our operations and financial condition, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit and train personnel. Each member of our management team has entered into an employment agreement with us, which contains confidentiality and non-competition provisions. If disputes arise between our management and us in light of the uncertainties within the PRC legal system, there is a risk that some of the provisions of these agreements may not be enforced or enforceable in China, where our managers reside and hold most of their assets.

Our growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to develop or acquire new products.

The majority of the products provided by our seeds business are upstream products ultimately used by farmers. The profitability of our business depends on sustained and recurring orders from our direct customers, which include distributors, breed improvement and reproductive stations and other intermediaries. Reorder rates are uncertain due to several factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include changing customer preferences, competitive price pressures, failure to develop new products to meet the evolving demands of farmers, the development of higher-quality products by our competitors and general economic conditions. If we are unable to develop or acquire additional products that meet the demands of farmers, or if our competitors develop products that are favored by farmers, our growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected and our revenues and profitability may decline.

Our operating results may fluctuate due to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, and you may not be able to rely on our historical operating results as an indication of our future performance.

Our operating results may fluctuate due to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control. Our quarterly and annual revenues and costs and expenses as a percentage of our revenues may differ significantly from our historical rates. Our operating results in future quarters may fall below expectations. Business disruption in key sales periods may significantly impact our full year results. Any unexpected seasonal or other fluctuations could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Future acquisitions or divestitures may also materially change our business mix and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our future profitability depends on our ability to secure sufficient orders from customers. An adverse change in market conditions may materially adversely affect our operating results if we cannot adjust our operating and marketing strategy to respond to such changes. Our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by reduced orders and profit margins in the event of a slowdown in market demand, an increase in business competition, a decrease in government subsidies to farmers, increased costs, or other reasons. As such, we may not be able to maintain a similar level of profitability and you may not be able to rely on our historical operating results as an indication of our future performance.

A severe or prolonged downturn in the global economy or the markets that we primarily operate in could materially and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

We and our subsidiary PGW primarily operate in New Zealand, Australia, South America and China. Weak economic conditions and decreased agricultural commodity demand and prices across the world as a result of a global economic downturn may have a negative impact on agricultural production and the rural economies in New Zealand, Australia, South America and China. Lower commodity prices reduce farmers’ income and weaken their confidence in the development of agricultural business. In turn, this may limit their ability or lessen their willingness to use more expensive agricultural products, including the ones we produce. There are still great uncertainties regarding economic conditions and the demand for agricultural commodities. Any turbulence in the international markets and economies and prolonged declines in agricultural commodity demand and prices in New Zealand, Australia, South America and China may adversely affect our business, revenues and results of operations.

If we are unable to estimate farmers’ future needs accurately and to match our production levels to meet the demand of our direct customers, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Due to the nature of the seed industry, we normally produce seeds according to our production plan before we sell them to distributors, which are our direct customers. Farmers, who are the end users of our seeds, generally make purchasing decisions for our products based on market prices, economic and weather conditions as well as other factors that we and our distributors may not be able to anticipate accurately in advance. If we fail to accurately estimate the volume and types of products sought by farmers, we may produce seeds that are not in demand. Unsold inventory could eventually be sold as field corn to end users at much lower prices than those of field corn seeds. Aged inventory could result in asset impairment, which would cause us to suffer a loss and incur an increase in our operating expenses. Conversely, if we underestimate demand, we may not be able to satisfy our distributors’ demand for corn seeds, and as a result damage our customer relations and end-user loyalty. Failure to estimate farmers’ future needs and to match our production to our direct customers’ demands may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The resources we devote to research and development may not result in commercially viable or competitive products.

Our success depends in part on our ability to develop new products. Research and development in the seed industries is generally expensive and prolonged. For example, seed development takes at least five years, as measured from the selection of the variety of seed for product development to the launch of a new seed product on the market. Due to the uncertainties and complexities associated with seed and biotechnological research, seed products may not survive the development process, may not ultimately be commercially viable or may not pass government testing in the relevant provinces. In addition, we have significantly fewer financial resources than many of our international competitors. If the resources we devote to research and development do not result in products that survive the development stage, do not result in products that we can sell to our customers or do not pass government testing, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We may be subject to intellectual property claims in the future which could result in substantial costs and divert our financial and management resources away from our business.

We are subject to the risk that the products, technology and processes that we have developed in collaboration with institutes and universities will infringe upon patents, copyrights, trademarks or other third-party intellectual property rights. We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property of others. If any such claims arise in the future, litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings may be necessary to allow us to retain our ability to offer our products. Even if we prevail in contesting such claims, this could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s resources and attention. If we are found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be enjoined from using such intellectual property rights, incur additional costs to license or develop alternative products and be forced to pay fines and damages, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Failure to protect our intellectual property rights may undermine our competitive position, and legal action to protect our intellectual property rights may be costly and divert our management’s resources.

We rely primarily on trademark, trade secret and copyright law and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property. These afford only limited protection, and the actions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. Third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietary technologies or other intellectual property rights, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. Preventing unauthorized use of proprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Also, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of such litigation may not be in our favor. Such litigation may be costly and may divert management’s attention as well as consume resources which could otherwise have been devoted to our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation would impair our intellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and would bear all costs arising from such litigation to the extent that we are unable to recover them from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We face risks and costs associated with our strategic partnerships, agreements and investments that may negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have entered into strategic partnerships and agreements with certain parties from time to time. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of our strategic partnerships and agreements, and we face risks, uncertainties and disruptions associated with the integration process, such as diversion of our management’s attention from other business concerns. In addition, our operating results may suffer because of costs related to the strategic partnerships and potential additional investments required to commercialize the research.

We hold a 50.22% equity interest in PGW, a public company listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange that is subject to a different set of rules and regulations from U.S. securities laws and the Corporate Governance Rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Therefore, rules and regulations applicable to PGW may prohibit or restrict our ability to take actions with respect to PGW. Any failure to successfully manage our strategic partnership and investment may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our ability to cause PGW to act solely in our interest may be restricted by agreements with the minority shareholders of Agria Asia Investments Limited and other factors.

We control PGW through our majority ownership of Agria Asia Investments Limited, or Agria Asia Investments, which indirectly holds a 50.22% shareholding in PGW. However, we have entered into shareholder agreements with Ngai Tahu Capital Limited, or Ngai Tahu, and New Hope International (Hong Kong) Limited, or New Hope International, the minority shareholders of Agria Asia Investments, which contain provisions protecting the rights of minority shareholders, including those that would require the unanimous shareholder approval for certain decisions. Additionally, certain decisions with respect to PGW may require super-majority shareholder approval, which our 50.22% shareholding does not ensure. Furthermore, we may be ineligible to vote on related party transactions between PGW and us, and such related party transactions may not be approved by PGW’s remaining shareholders. As such, restrictions on our ability to exercise control over PGW may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not possess all of the licenses required to operate our business, or we may fail to maintain the licenses we currently hold. This could subject us to fines and other penalties, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations.

We are required to hold a variety of permits and licenses to conduct our various agricultural businesses. We may not possess all of the permits and licenses required for each of our business segments. In addition, the approvals, permits or licenses required by governmental agencies may change without substantial advance notice, and we could fail to obtain the approvals, permits or licenses required to expand our business. If we fail to obtain or to maintain such permits or licenses, or if renewals are granted with onerous conditions, we could be subject to fines and other penalties and be limited in the number or the quality of the products that we could offer. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We may be subject to product quality or liability claims, which may cause us to incur litigation expenses and to devote significant management time to defending such claims, and if such claims are determined adversely to us we may be required to pay significant damage awards.

In addition to the genetic traits and the quality of our products, the performance of our products depends on climate, geographic conditions, cultivation method, farmers’ degree of knowledge and other factors including agronomy conditions. Moreover, different production methods might result in inconsistent quality. These factors can result in sub-optimal production yields. Farmers generally attribute sub-optimal production yields to lower quality agricultural raw materials. In addition, inconsistent quality of products may also result in the unwillingness of consumers to purchase products or pay for products already purchased that they consider to be sub-standard.

We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the quality of our products. The defense of these proceedings and claims could be both costly and time-consuming and significantly divert the efforts and resources of our management. An adverse determination in any such proceeding could subject us to significant liability. In addition, any such proceeding, even if ultimately determined in our favor, could damage our reputation and prevent us from maintaining or increasing sales and market share. Protracted litigation could also result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase of our products.

Seed prices and sales volumes may decrease in any given year with a corresponding reduction in sales, margins and profitability.

There have been periods of instability during which seed and other commodity prices and sales volumes have fluctuated significantly. Commodities can be affected by general economic conditions, weather, outbreaks of disease and factors affecting demand, such as the availability of financing, competition and trade restrictions. Our attempts to differentiate our products from those of other seed producers have not prevented some seed markets from having the characteristics of a commodity market. As a result, the price that we are able to demand for our seed depends on the amount of seed available from other producers. Therefore, prices may be volatile even in the absence of significant external events that might cause volatility. As a result, the amount of revenue that we receive in any given year is subject to change. As production levels are determined prior to the time that the volume and the market price for orders is known, we may have too much or too little product available, which may materially and adversely affect our revenues, margins and profitability.

Our growth prospects may be affected if we are unable to obtain additional capital to finance new acquisitions.

We may require additional cash resources in order to make acquisitions. In general, we do not know the cost of an acquisition until we analyze the opportunity, complete due diligence and begin negotiations. If the cost of any such acquisition exceeds our cash resources, we will need to seek additional cash resources, and may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or borrow under credit facilities. The sale or issuance of additional equity securities could dilute our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We may also not be able to secure, repay or refinance debt incurred to fund acquisitions and purchases of equity interests, especially if the acquisition or equity interest purchase does not result in the benefits anticipated. As a result, our operating results and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

If we grant additional employee share options, restricted shares or other share incentives in the future, our net income could be adversely affected.

We have adopted two share incentive plans and granted share options and restricted shares under those plans. We are required to account for share-based compensation in accordance with IFRS 2: “Share-based Payment”, under which the fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the awards is recognized as an expense. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the awards granted, excluding the impact of any services and non-market performance vesting conditions. The total expense is recognized over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. If we grant additional options, restricted shares or other equity incentives in the future, we could incur significant compensation charges equal to the fair value of the additional options, restricted shares and other equity incentives, and our net income could be adversely affected.

Fluctuation in the value of various currencies may materially adversely affect your investment.

The value of the US dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions.

Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in US dollars, which is our reporting currency. Most of the revenues and expenses of PGW and dividends that we receive from PGW are denominated in the New Zealand dollar. Meanwhile, our functional currency and the functional currency of certain of our various other subsidiaries, is the US dollar. To the extent that we need to convert New Zealand dollars into US dollars for our operations, appreciation of the US dollar against the New Zealand dollar would adversely affect the US dollar amount we receive from the conversion. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will also affect the relative value of any dividend we issue which will be exchanged into US dollars and earnings from and the value of any US dollar-denominated investments we make.

PGW uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate and foreign currency risks arising from operational, financing and investment activities. However, limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. Additionally, the effectiveness of these hedges may be limited so that we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. Additionally, we are exposed to fluctuations in the value of the New Zealand dollar, the Australian dollar, the Euro and the currencies of certain South American countries through our subsidiary PGW. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may materially adversely affect your investment.

We face risks related to health epidemics and other outbreaks or acts of terrorism, which could result in reduced demand for our products or disrupt our operations.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by an outbreak of H1N1 influenza A, avian flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome or another epidemic, or an act of terrorism. From time to time, there have been reports on the occurrences of avian flu in various parts of the world, including a few confirmed human cases and deaths. Since 2009, human cases of H1N1 influenza A virus infection have been identified internationally. Any prolonged recurrence of H1N1 influenza A, avian flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome or other adverse public health developments in countries where we operate may have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. In addition, terrorist attacks, such as those that took place on September 11, 2001, geopolitical uncertainty and international conflicts, could adversely affect our business operations. Any of these events could adversely affect the global economy and cause an immediate and prolonged drop in consumer demand. An immediate and prolonged drop in consumer demand could severely disrupt our business operations and adversely affect our results of operations.

Risks Related to the ADSs

The trading price of our ADSs has been and continues to be highly volatile.

The trading price of our ADSs may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially adversely affect the market price of our ADSs.

Substantial future sales or perceived sales of our ADSs in the public market or substantial cancellation of our ADSs could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

Additional sales of our ADSs in the public market or the perception that these sales could occur could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. A substantial repurchase of our ADSs may adversely affect the liquidity of our shares. As of the date of this annual report, we had 110,766,600 ordinary shares outstanding, of which 48,830,000 ordinary shares were represented by 24,415,000 ADSs. All ADSs are freely transferable without additional registration requirements under the Securities Act. The remaining ordinary shares not represented by ADSs are available for sale subject to the volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act. Risks associated with a substantial sale or cancellation of our ADSs could materially and adversely affect the market price of our ADSs and liquidity.

We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.

Based on the market price of our ADSs and the value and composition of our assets, we believe we were not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the taxable year ended June 30, 2016. However, we believe we were a PFIC in certain previous taxable years. A non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. We must make a separate determination after the close of each taxable year as to whether we were a PFIC for that year. Because the value of our assets for purposes of the PFIC test will generally be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs or ordinary shares, our PFIC status may depend in part on the market price of the ADSs or ordinary shares, which may fluctuate significantly. Certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to U.S. Holders (as defined in “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Taxation”) of our ADSs or ordinary shares with respect to any “excess distribution” received from us and any gain from a sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares if we are or were a PFIC during any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds ADSs or ordinary shares, as we were in certain previous taxable years. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company.”

You may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our ordinary shares and may not receive voting materials in time to be able to exercise your right to vote.

Except as described in this annual report and in the deposit agreement, holders of our ADSs will not be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the shares represented by our ADSs on an individual basis. Holders of our ADSs will appoint the depositary or its nominee to vote the shares represented by the ADSs. You may not receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote and you may not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote. Upon our written request, the depositary will mail to you a shareholder meeting notice that contains, among other things, a statement as to the manner in which you may give your voting instructions, including an express indication that such instructions may be given or deemed given to the depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us if no instructions are received by the depositary from you on or before the response date established by the depositary. However, no voting instruction shall be deemed given and no such discretionary proxy shall be given with respect to any matter as to which we inform the depositary that (i) we do not wish such proxy given, (ii) substantial opposition exists, or (iii) such matter materially and adversely affects the rights of shareholders.

Under our deposit agreement, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders’ meetings if you do not vote, unless we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given or under any of the other situations specified under the deposit agreement. The effect of this discretionary proxy is that you cannot prevent ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, absent the situations described above, and it may be more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.

Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may dilute your holdings, and you may not receive cash dividends if it is impractical to make them available to you.

We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the United States unless we register the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Also, under the deposit agreement, the depositary bank will not make rights available to you unless the distribution to ADS holders of both the rights and any related securities are either registered under the Securities Act or exempted from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.

In addition, the depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute that property and you will not receive that distribution.

We are a Cayman Islands company and because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than that under U.S. law, you may have less protection for your shareholder rights than you would under U.S. law.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Cayman Islands Companies Law and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as that from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands.

As a result of all of the above, public shareholders of our company may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders of our company than they would as shareholders of a U.S. public company.

We are controlled by a small group of shareholders, whose interests may differ from other shareholders.

As of August 31, 2016, our principal shareholder, Mr. Guanglin Lai, beneficially owned 48.25% of our total outstanding shares. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our ADSs. In addition, because these shareholders could collectively control our company, they would be able to take actions that may not be in the best interests of other shareholders. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders. We do not have any existing arrangements with any of our shareholders to address potential conflicts of interests between these shareholders and our company, and none of our shareholders, other than our officers pursuant to the terms of their service agreements, has entered into non-compete agreements. There is a risk that our existing shareholders may not always act in the best interests of our company.

Our memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could adversely affect the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

Our memorandum and articles of association include the following provisions that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company:

By discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction, our memorandum and articles of association could deprive our shareholders of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price.

You may have difficulty enforcing judgments obtained against us.

We are a Cayman Islands company and most of our assets are located outside of the United States. We conduct most of our operations through PGW in New Zealand, Australia and South America. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents in the United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts.

Our ADSs may not comply with the minimum listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange. Delisting could adversely affect the liquidity of our ADSs and the market price of our ADSs could decrease, and our ability to obtain adequate financing for the continuation of our operations would be substantially impaired.

Our ADSs are currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The New York Stock Exchange has minimum requirements that a company must meet in order to remain listed on the New York Stock Exchange. These requirements include maintaining a minimum average closing price of $1.00 per ADS over a period of consecutive 30 trading days, a minimum market capitalization of $50 million over a consecutive 30 trading days and a minimum stockholders’ equity of $50 million. We previously fell below NYSE minimum average closing price requirements in July 2011 and June 2012 and regained compliance in October 2011 and April 2013, respectively. As of September 19, 2016, we were below the NYSE requirements for minimum average closing price, minimum market capitalization and minimum stockholders’ equity. We may not be able to regain compliance with these requirements and we may fall below other NYSE minimum requirements in the future. If our ADSs are delisted as a result of our failure to comply with any of the New York Stock Exchange’s minimum listing requirements, the liquidity of our ADSs would be adversely affected, the market price of our ADSs could further decrease, and our ability to obtain adequate financing for the continuation of our operations would be substantially impaired, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.